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Feng K, Bendiwhobel Ushie B, Zhang H, Li S, Deng F, Wang H, Ning YJ. Pathogenesis and virulence of Heartland virus. Virulence 2024; 15:2348252. [PMID: 38712703 PMCID: PMC11085952 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2348252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Heartland virus (HRTV), an emerging tick-borne pathogenic bunyavirus, has been a concern since 2012, with an increasing incidence, expanding geographical distribution, and high pathogenicity in the United States. Infection from HRTV results in fever, thrombocytopenia, and leucopenia in humans, and in some cases, symptoms can progress to severe outcomes, including haemorrhagic disease, multi-organ failure, and even death. Currently, no vaccines or antiviral drugs are available for treatment of the HRTV disease. Moreover, little is known about HRTV-host interactions, viral replication mechanisms, pathogenesis and virulence, further hampering the development of vaccines and antiviral interventions. Here, we aimed to provide a brief review of HRTV epidemiology, molecular biology, pathogenesis and virulence on the basis of published article data to better understand this virus and provide clues for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Feng
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Benjamin Bendiwhobel Ushie
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women & Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hualin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun-Jia Ning
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Zhou CM, Jiang ZZ, Liu N, Yu XJ. Current insights into human pathogenic phenuiviruses and the host immune system. Virulence 2024; 15:2384563. [PMID: 39072499 PMCID: PMC11290763 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2384563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Phenuiviruses are a class of segmented negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses, typically consisting of three RNA segments that encode four distinct proteins. The emergence of pathogenic phenuivirus strains, such as Rift Valley fever phlebovirus (RVFV) in sub-Saharan Africa, Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus (SFTSV) in East and Southeast Asia, and Heartland Virus (HRTV) in the United States has presented considerable challenges to global public health in recent years. The innate immune system plays a crucial role as the initial defense mechanism of the host against invading pathogens. In addition to continued research aimed at elucidating the epidemiological characteristics of phenuivirus, significant advancements have been made in investigating its viral virulence factors (glycoprotein, non-structural protein, and nucleoprotein) and potential host-pathogen interactions. Specifically, efforts have focused on understanding mechanisms of viral immune evasion, viral assembly and egress, and host immune networks involving immune cells, programmed cell death, inflammation, nucleic acid receptors, etc. Furthermore, a plethora of technological advancements, including metagenomics, metabolomics, single-cell transcriptomics, proteomics, gene editing, monoclonal antibodies, and vaccines, have been utilized to further our understanding of phenuivirus pathogenesis and host immune responses. Hence, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the mechanisms of host recognition, viral immune evasion, and potential therapeutic approaches during human pathogenic phenuivirus infections focusing particularly on RVFV and SFTSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Min Zhou
- Gastrointestinal Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ze-Zheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Quality and Operations Management, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xue-Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Ahmed MZ, Alqahtani AS, Rehman MT. Rational design of a multi-epitope vaccine against heartland virus (HRTV) using immune-informatics, molecular docking and dynamics approaches. Acta Trop 2024; 259:107388. [PMID: 39251172 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Heartland virus (HRTV) is a single-stranded negative-sense RNA virus that infects human beings. Because there are no antiviral medications available to treat HRTV infection, supportive care management is used in cases of severe disease. Therefore, it has spurred research into developing a multi-epitope vaccine capable of providing effective protection against HRTV infection. A multi-epitope vaccine was created using a combination of immuno-informatics, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation in this investigation. The HRTV proteome was utilized to predict B-cell, T-cell (HTL and CTL), and IFN-epitopes. Following prediction, highly antigenic, non-allergenic and immunogenic epitopes were chosen, including 6 CTL, 8 HTL, and 5 LBL epitopes that were connected to the final peptide by AAY, GPGPG, and KK linkers, respectively. An adjuvant was introduced to the vaccine's N-terminal through the EAAAK linker to increase its immunogenicity. Following the inclusion of linkers and adjuvant, the final construct has 359 amino acids. The presence of B-cell and IFN-γ-epitopes validates the construct's acquired humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. To ensure the vaccine's safety and immunogenicity profile, its allergenicity, antigenicity, and various physicochemical characteristics were assessed. Docking was used to assess the binding affinity and molecular interaction between the vaccination and TLR-3. In silico cloning was used to confirm the construct's validity and expression efficiency. The results of these computer assays demonstrated that the designed vaccine is highly promising in terms of developing protective immunity against HRTV; nevertheless, additional in vivo and in vitro investigations are required to validate its true immune-protective efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Z Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ali S Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Tabish Rehman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Zheng X, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Yang T, Zhang F, Wang X, Zhu SJ, Cui N, Lv H, Zhang X, Li H, Liu W. Taurolithocholic acid protects against viral haemorrhagic fever via inhibition of ferroptosis. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:2583-2599. [PMID: 39294459 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01801-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Bile acids are microbial metabolites that can impact infection of enteric and hepatitis viruses, but their functions during systemic viral infection remain unclear. Here we show that elevated levels of the secondary bile acid taurolithocholic acid (TLCA) are associated with reduced fatality rates and suppressed viraemia in patients infected with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), an emerging tick-borne haemorrhagic fever virus. TLCA inhibits viral replication and mitigates host inflammation during SFTSV infection in vitro, and indirectly suppresses SFTSV-mediated induction of ferroptosis by upregulating fatty acid desaturase 2 via the TGR5-PI3K/AKT-SREBP2 axis. High iron and ferritin serum levels during early infection were correlated with decreased TLCA levels and fatal outcomes in SFTSV-infected patients, indicating potential biomarkers. Furthermore, treatment with either ferroptosis inhibitors or TLCA protected mice from lethal SFTSV infection. Our findings highlight the therapeutic potential of bile acids to treat haemorrhagic fever viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfa Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Faxue Zhang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Graduate School of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Jeffrey Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Cui
- The 154th Hospital, Xinyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongdi Lv
- The 154th Hospital, Xinyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
- Graduate School of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
- Graduate School of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Q, Wang J, Zhang S, Wang H, Zhang Z, Geng Y, Pan Y, Jia B, Xiong Y, Yan X, Li J, Wu C, Huang R, Zhu X. Association of gastrointestinal symptoms with mortality in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37907. [PMID: 39347406 PMCID: PMC11437831 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical significance of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in patients with severe fever and thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is poorly characterized. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and effect of GI symptoms on the prognosis of patients with SFTS. Methods This was a retrospective multi-center cohort study that included hospitalized patients with SFTS from three institutions between October 2010 and August 2022. The risk factors for mortality and intensive care unit (ICU) admission were identified by Cox and logistic regression analyses, respectively. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to analyze the cumulative mortality risk. Results Among 304 patients, the median age was 62.0 years and 51.0 % of the patients were male. A total of 202 patients (66.4 %) had at least one GI symptom on admission. Diarrhea (69.8 %) and nausea (57.4 %) were the most common symptoms. Patients with GI symptoms had lower male proportion (46.0 % vs. 60.8 %, P = 0.015), higher aspartate aminotransferase (177.5 U/L vs. 118.0 U/L, P = 0.010) and lactic dehydrogenase (771.0 U/L vs. 666.5 U/L, P = 0.017) levels than that of patients without GI symptoms. However, there was no significant difference in mortality rates (23.8 % vs. 21.6 %, P = 0.668) and ICU admission (14.4 % vs. 12.7 %, P = 0.701) between SFTS patients with and without GI symptoms. Multivariate analysis suggested that GI symptoms at admission were not associated with mortality and ICU admission. Conclusions GI symptoms are common in patients with SFTS. However, the presence of GI symptoms was not an independent risk factor for poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaoqiu Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huali Wang
- Department of General Practice, Nanjing Second Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Geng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yifan Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bei Jia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yali Xiong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomin Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Wang H, Luo M, Fisher D, Pronyuk K, Musabaev E, Thu HNT, Ye P, Zhao L. Clinical factors associated with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: analysis of a 6-year clinical experience. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1448710. [PMID: 39328917 PMCID: PMC11424530 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1448710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) typically occurs in immunocompromised individuals. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) patients are typically characterized by fever, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia. These patients typically present with dysregulation of cellular and humoral immunity, which may predispose them to IPA. Our study aimed to identify risk factors for SFTS-associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (SAPA) and evaluate its associated prognostic impact. Methods We conducted a cohort study between January 2017 and December 2022 in a tertiary hospital in Wuhan City, China. All SFTS patients hospitalized in our department who formally consented were divided into a SAPA group and a non-SAPA group according to whether they were coinfected with aspergillosis or not. The independent risk factors for the SAPA group were determined by multivariate logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess the statistical value of parameters to predict SAPA patients. The survival analysis was carried out using the Kaplan-Meier (KM) method. Results Of the 269 hospitalized SFTS patients enrolled in the study, 118 (43.87%) cases were diagnosed with SAPA with an average age of 65.71 ± 9.7 years. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age, neurological complications, serum severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) RNA loads, the white blood cell (WBC) count, platelet (PLT) count, albumin (ALB) and globulin (GLB) concentrations, and cardiac troponin I (cTNI) were complementary risk factors for the development of IPA in SFTS patients. The risk score is calculated as 5 times age, plus 6 times neurological complications, plus 10 times RNA (log), plus 5 times WBC, minus 5 times PLT, minus 5 times ALB, plus 5 times GLB, and plus 6 times cTNI. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve represented a risk score of 0.837 (95% CI: 0.789-0.885, p < 0.001) for predicting IPA in SFTS patients. The average length of hospitalization in the SAPA group was more prolonged than non-SAPA. SAPA and non-SAPA groups had significantly different mortality rates: 25.42% (SAPA) and 3.97% (non-SAPA) (p < 0.05). Conclusion SFTS patients with IPA have high morbidity and mortality. Early monitoring of neurological complications, SFTSV RNA loads, WBC, PLT, ALB, GLB, and cTNI in SFTS patients may be useful in predicting the occurrence of IPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Miao Luo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - David Fisher
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Khrystyna Pronyuk
- Infectious Diseases Department, O. Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Erkin Musabaev
- The Research Institute of Virology, Ministry of Health, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | | | - Pian Ye
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Zhang XA, Ma YD, Zhang YF, Hu ZY, Zhang JT, Han S, Wang G, Li S, Wang X, Tang F, Liang WJ, Yuan HX, Zhao JQ, Jiang LF, Zhang L, Si GQ, Peng C, Wang R, Ge HH, Li N, Jiang BG, Li C, Li H, Liu W. A New Orthonairovirus Associated with Human Febrile Illness. N Engl J Med 2024; 391:821-831. [PMID: 39231344 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2313722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In June 2019, a patient presented with persistent fever and multiple organ dysfunction after a tick bite at a wetland park in Inner Mongolia. Next-generation sequencing in this patient revealed an infection with a previously unknown orthonairovirus, which we designated Wetland virus (WELV). METHODS We conducted active hospital-based surveillance to determine the prevalence of WELV infection among febrile patients with a history of tick bites. Epidemiologic investigation was performed. The virus was isolated, and its infectivity and pathogenicity were investigated in animal models. RESULTS WELV is a member of the orthonairovirus genus in the Nairoviridae family and is most closely related to the tickborne Hazara orthonairovirus genogroup. Acute WELV infection was identified in 17 patients from Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning, China, by means of reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction assay. These patients presented with nonspecific symptoms, including fever, dizziness, headache, malaise, myalgia, arthritis, and back pain and less frequently with petechiae and localized lymphadenopathy. One patient had neurologic symptoms. Common laboratory findings were leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated d-dimer and lactate dehydrogenase levels. Serologic assessment of convalescent-stage samples obtained from 8 patients showed WELV-specific antibody titers that were 4 times as high as those in acute-phase samples. WELV RNA was detected in five tick species and in sheep, horses, pigs, and Transbaikal zokors (Myospalax psilurus) sampled in northeastern China. The virus that was isolated from the index patient and ticks showed cytopathic effects in human umbilical-vein endothelial cells. Intraperitoneal injection of the virus resulted in lethal infections in BALB/c, C57BL/6, and Kunming mice. The Haemaphysalis concinna tick is a possible vector that can transovarially transmit WELV. CONCLUSIONS A newly discovered orthonairovirus was identified and shown to be associated with human febrile illnesses in northeastern China. (Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ai Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology (X.-A.Z., Y.-D.M., Y.-F.Z., Z.-Y.H., J.-T.Z., S.H., G.W., S.L., X.W., L.Z., G.-Q.S., C.P., R.W., H.-H.G., B.-G.J., H.L., W.L.), and the Institute of Medical Prevention and Control of Public Health Emergencies, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force (F.T.), Beijing, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun (Y.-D.M., N.L., C.L.), the School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei (Z.-Y.H., X.W., H.L., W.L.), Medical Detachment of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Forest Fire Brigade Daxing'anling Branch, Yakeshi (W.-J.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou (H.-X.Y.), Dandong Infectious Disease Hospital, Dandong (J.-Q.Z.), and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Zhalainuoer District, Hulunbuir (L.-F.J.) - all in China
| | - Yi-Dan Ma
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology (X.-A.Z., Y.-D.M., Y.-F.Z., Z.-Y.H., J.-T.Z., S.H., G.W., S.L., X.W., L.Z., G.-Q.S., C.P., R.W., H.-H.G., B.-G.J., H.L., W.L.), and the Institute of Medical Prevention and Control of Public Health Emergencies, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force (F.T.), Beijing, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun (Y.-D.M., N.L., C.L.), the School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei (Z.-Y.H., X.W., H.L., W.L.), Medical Detachment of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Forest Fire Brigade Daxing'anling Branch, Yakeshi (W.-J.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou (H.-X.Y.), Dandong Infectious Disease Hospital, Dandong (J.-Q.Z.), and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Zhalainuoer District, Hulunbuir (L.-F.J.) - all in China
| | - Yun-Fa Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology (X.-A.Z., Y.-D.M., Y.-F.Z., Z.-Y.H., J.-T.Z., S.H., G.W., S.L., X.W., L.Z., G.-Q.S., C.P., R.W., H.-H.G., B.-G.J., H.L., W.L.), and the Institute of Medical Prevention and Control of Public Health Emergencies, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force (F.T.), Beijing, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun (Y.-D.M., N.L., C.L.), the School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei (Z.-Y.H., X.W., H.L., W.L.), Medical Detachment of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Forest Fire Brigade Daxing'anling Branch, Yakeshi (W.-J.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou (H.-X.Y.), Dandong Infectious Disease Hospital, Dandong (J.-Q.Z.), and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Zhalainuoer District, Hulunbuir (L.-F.J.) - all in China
| | - Zhen-Yu Hu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology (X.-A.Z., Y.-D.M., Y.-F.Z., Z.-Y.H., J.-T.Z., S.H., G.W., S.L., X.W., L.Z., G.-Q.S., C.P., R.W., H.-H.G., B.-G.J., H.L., W.L.), and the Institute of Medical Prevention and Control of Public Health Emergencies, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force (F.T.), Beijing, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun (Y.-D.M., N.L., C.L.), the School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei (Z.-Y.H., X.W., H.L., W.L.), Medical Detachment of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Forest Fire Brigade Daxing'anling Branch, Yakeshi (W.-J.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou (H.-X.Y.), Dandong Infectious Disease Hospital, Dandong (J.-Q.Z.), and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Zhalainuoer District, Hulunbuir (L.-F.J.) - all in China
| | - Jing-Tao Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology (X.-A.Z., Y.-D.M., Y.-F.Z., Z.-Y.H., J.-T.Z., S.H., G.W., S.L., X.W., L.Z., G.-Q.S., C.P., R.W., H.-H.G., B.-G.J., H.L., W.L.), and the Institute of Medical Prevention and Control of Public Health Emergencies, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force (F.T.), Beijing, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun (Y.-D.M., N.L., C.L.), the School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei (Z.-Y.H., X.W., H.L., W.L.), Medical Detachment of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Forest Fire Brigade Daxing'anling Branch, Yakeshi (W.-J.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou (H.-X.Y.), Dandong Infectious Disease Hospital, Dandong (J.-Q.Z.), and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Zhalainuoer District, Hulunbuir (L.-F.J.) - all in China
| | - Shuo Han
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology (X.-A.Z., Y.-D.M., Y.-F.Z., Z.-Y.H., J.-T.Z., S.H., G.W., S.L., X.W., L.Z., G.-Q.S., C.P., R.W., H.-H.G., B.-G.J., H.L., W.L.), and the Institute of Medical Prevention and Control of Public Health Emergencies, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force (F.T.), Beijing, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun (Y.-D.M., N.L., C.L.), the School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei (Z.-Y.H., X.W., H.L., W.L.), Medical Detachment of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Forest Fire Brigade Daxing'anling Branch, Yakeshi (W.-J.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou (H.-X.Y.), Dandong Infectious Disease Hospital, Dandong (J.-Q.Z.), and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Zhalainuoer District, Hulunbuir (L.-F.J.) - all in China
| | - Gang Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology (X.-A.Z., Y.-D.M., Y.-F.Z., Z.-Y.H., J.-T.Z., S.H., G.W., S.L., X.W., L.Z., G.-Q.S., C.P., R.W., H.-H.G., B.-G.J., H.L., W.L.), and the Institute of Medical Prevention and Control of Public Health Emergencies, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force (F.T.), Beijing, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun (Y.-D.M., N.L., C.L.), the School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei (Z.-Y.H., X.W., H.L., W.L.), Medical Detachment of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Forest Fire Brigade Daxing'anling Branch, Yakeshi (W.-J.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou (H.-X.Y.), Dandong Infectious Disease Hospital, Dandong (J.-Q.Z.), and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Zhalainuoer District, Hulunbuir (L.-F.J.) - all in China
| | - Shuang Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology (X.-A.Z., Y.-D.M., Y.-F.Z., Z.-Y.H., J.-T.Z., S.H., G.W., S.L., X.W., L.Z., G.-Q.S., C.P., R.W., H.-H.G., B.-G.J., H.L., W.L.), and the Institute of Medical Prevention and Control of Public Health Emergencies, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force (F.T.), Beijing, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun (Y.-D.M., N.L., C.L.), the School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei (Z.-Y.H., X.W., H.L., W.L.), Medical Detachment of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Forest Fire Brigade Daxing'anling Branch, Yakeshi (W.-J.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou (H.-X.Y.), Dandong Infectious Disease Hospital, Dandong (J.-Q.Z.), and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Zhalainuoer District, Hulunbuir (L.-F.J.) - all in China
| | - Xi Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology (X.-A.Z., Y.-D.M., Y.-F.Z., Z.-Y.H., J.-T.Z., S.H., G.W., S.L., X.W., L.Z., G.-Q.S., C.P., R.W., H.-H.G., B.-G.J., H.L., W.L.), and the Institute of Medical Prevention and Control of Public Health Emergencies, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force (F.T.), Beijing, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun (Y.-D.M., N.L., C.L.), the School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei (Z.-Y.H., X.W., H.L., W.L.), Medical Detachment of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Forest Fire Brigade Daxing'anling Branch, Yakeshi (W.-J.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou (H.-X.Y.), Dandong Infectious Disease Hospital, Dandong (J.-Q.Z.), and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Zhalainuoer District, Hulunbuir (L.-F.J.) - all in China
| | - Fang Tang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology (X.-A.Z., Y.-D.M., Y.-F.Z., Z.-Y.H., J.-T.Z., S.H., G.W., S.L., X.W., L.Z., G.-Q.S., C.P., R.W., H.-H.G., B.-G.J., H.L., W.L.), and the Institute of Medical Prevention and Control of Public Health Emergencies, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force (F.T.), Beijing, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun (Y.-D.M., N.L., C.L.), the School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei (Z.-Y.H., X.W., H.L., W.L.), Medical Detachment of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Forest Fire Brigade Daxing'anling Branch, Yakeshi (W.-J.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou (H.-X.Y.), Dandong Infectious Disease Hospital, Dandong (J.-Q.Z.), and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Zhalainuoer District, Hulunbuir (L.-F.J.) - all in China
| | - Wen-Jun Liang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology (X.-A.Z., Y.-D.M., Y.-F.Z., Z.-Y.H., J.-T.Z., S.H., G.W., S.L., X.W., L.Z., G.-Q.S., C.P., R.W., H.-H.G., B.-G.J., H.L., W.L.), and the Institute of Medical Prevention and Control of Public Health Emergencies, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force (F.T.), Beijing, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun (Y.-D.M., N.L., C.L.), the School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei (Z.-Y.H., X.W., H.L., W.L.), Medical Detachment of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Forest Fire Brigade Daxing'anling Branch, Yakeshi (W.-J.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou (H.-X.Y.), Dandong Infectious Disease Hospital, Dandong (J.-Q.Z.), and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Zhalainuoer District, Hulunbuir (L.-F.J.) - all in China
| | - Hong-Xia Yuan
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology (X.-A.Z., Y.-D.M., Y.-F.Z., Z.-Y.H., J.-T.Z., S.H., G.W., S.L., X.W., L.Z., G.-Q.S., C.P., R.W., H.-H.G., B.-G.J., H.L., W.L.), and the Institute of Medical Prevention and Control of Public Health Emergencies, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force (F.T.), Beijing, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun (Y.-D.M., N.L., C.L.), the School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei (Z.-Y.H., X.W., H.L., W.L.), Medical Detachment of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Forest Fire Brigade Daxing'anling Branch, Yakeshi (W.-J.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou (H.-X.Y.), Dandong Infectious Disease Hospital, Dandong (J.-Q.Z.), and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Zhalainuoer District, Hulunbuir (L.-F.J.) - all in China
| | - Jia-Qi Zhao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology (X.-A.Z., Y.-D.M., Y.-F.Z., Z.-Y.H., J.-T.Z., S.H., G.W., S.L., X.W., L.Z., G.-Q.S., C.P., R.W., H.-H.G., B.-G.J., H.L., W.L.), and the Institute of Medical Prevention and Control of Public Health Emergencies, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force (F.T.), Beijing, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun (Y.-D.M., N.L., C.L.), the School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei (Z.-Y.H., X.W., H.L., W.L.), Medical Detachment of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Forest Fire Brigade Daxing'anling Branch, Yakeshi (W.-J.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou (H.-X.Y.), Dandong Infectious Disease Hospital, Dandong (J.-Q.Z.), and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Zhalainuoer District, Hulunbuir (L.-F.J.) - all in China
| | - Lan-Fen Jiang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology (X.-A.Z., Y.-D.M., Y.-F.Z., Z.-Y.H., J.-T.Z., S.H., G.W., S.L., X.W., L.Z., G.-Q.S., C.P., R.W., H.-H.G., B.-G.J., H.L., W.L.), and the Institute of Medical Prevention and Control of Public Health Emergencies, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force (F.T.), Beijing, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun (Y.-D.M., N.L., C.L.), the School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei (Z.-Y.H., X.W., H.L., W.L.), Medical Detachment of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Forest Fire Brigade Daxing'anling Branch, Yakeshi (W.-J.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou (H.-X.Y.), Dandong Infectious Disease Hospital, Dandong (J.-Q.Z.), and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Zhalainuoer District, Hulunbuir (L.-F.J.) - all in China
| | - Lei Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology (X.-A.Z., Y.-D.M., Y.-F.Z., Z.-Y.H., J.-T.Z., S.H., G.W., S.L., X.W., L.Z., G.-Q.S., C.P., R.W., H.-H.G., B.-G.J., H.L., W.L.), and the Institute of Medical Prevention and Control of Public Health Emergencies, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force (F.T.), Beijing, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun (Y.-D.M., N.L., C.L.), the School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei (Z.-Y.H., X.W., H.L., W.L.), Medical Detachment of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Forest Fire Brigade Daxing'anling Branch, Yakeshi (W.-J.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou (H.-X.Y.), Dandong Infectious Disease Hospital, Dandong (J.-Q.Z.), and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Zhalainuoer District, Hulunbuir (L.-F.J.) - all in China
| | - Guang-Qian Si
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology (X.-A.Z., Y.-D.M., Y.-F.Z., Z.-Y.H., J.-T.Z., S.H., G.W., S.L., X.W., L.Z., G.-Q.S., C.P., R.W., H.-H.G., B.-G.J., H.L., W.L.), and the Institute of Medical Prevention and Control of Public Health Emergencies, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force (F.T.), Beijing, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun (Y.-D.M., N.L., C.L.), the School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei (Z.-Y.H., X.W., H.L., W.L.), Medical Detachment of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Forest Fire Brigade Daxing'anling Branch, Yakeshi (W.-J.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou (H.-X.Y.), Dandong Infectious Disease Hospital, Dandong (J.-Q.Z.), and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Zhalainuoer District, Hulunbuir (L.-F.J.) - all in China
| | - Cong Peng
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology (X.-A.Z., Y.-D.M., Y.-F.Z., Z.-Y.H., J.-T.Z., S.H., G.W., S.L., X.W., L.Z., G.-Q.S., C.P., R.W., H.-H.G., B.-G.J., H.L., W.L.), and the Institute of Medical Prevention and Control of Public Health Emergencies, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force (F.T.), Beijing, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun (Y.-D.M., N.L., C.L.), the School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei (Z.-Y.H., X.W., H.L., W.L.), Medical Detachment of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Forest Fire Brigade Daxing'anling Branch, Yakeshi (W.-J.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou (H.-X.Y.), Dandong Infectious Disease Hospital, Dandong (J.-Q.Z.), and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Zhalainuoer District, Hulunbuir (L.-F.J.) - all in China
| | - Rui Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology (X.-A.Z., Y.-D.M., Y.-F.Z., Z.-Y.H., J.-T.Z., S.H., G.W., S.L., X.W., L.Z., G.-Q.S., C.P., R.W., H.-H.G., B.-G.J., H.L., W.L.), and the Institute of Medical Prevention and Control of Public Health Emergencies, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force (F.T.), Beijing, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun (Y.-D.M., N.L., C.L.), the School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei (Z.-Y.H., X.W., H.L., W.L.), Medical Detachment of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Forest Fire Brigade Daxing'anling Branch, Yakeshi (W.-J.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou (H.-X.Y.), Dandong Infectious Disease Hospital, Dandong (J.-Q.Z.), and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Zhalainuoer District, Hulunbuir (L.-F.J.) - all in China
| | - Hong-Han Ge
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology (X.-A.Z., Y.-D.M., Y.-F.Z., Z.-Y.H., J.-T.Z., S.H., G.W., S.L., X.W., L.Z., G.-Q.S., C.P., R.W., H.-H.G., B.-G.J., H.L., W.L.), and the Institute of Medical Prevention and Control of Public Health Emergencies, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force (F.T.), Beijing, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun (Y.-D.M., N.L., C.L.), the School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei (Z.-Y.H., X.W., H.L., W.L.), Medical Detachment of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Forest Fire Brigade Daxing'anling Branch, Yakeshi (W.-J.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou (H.-X.Y.), Dandong Infectious Disease Hospital, Dandong (J.-Q.Z.), and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Zhalainuoer District, Hulunbuir (L.-F.J.) - all in China
| | - Nan Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology (X.-A.Z., Y.-D.M., Y.-F.Z., Z.-Y.H., J.-T.Z., S.H., G.W., S.L., X.W., L.Z., G.-Q.S., C.P., R.W., H.-H.G., B.-G.J., H.L., W.L.), and the Institute of Medical Prevention and Control of Public Health Emergencies, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force (F.T.), Beijing, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun (Y.-D.M., N.L., C.L.), the School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei (Z.-Y.H., X.W., H.L., W.L.), Medical Detachment of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Forest Fire Brigade Daxing'anling Branch, Yakeshi (W.-J.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou (H.-X.Y.), Dandong Infectious Disease Hospital, Dandong (J.-Q.Z.), and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Zhalainuoer District, Hulunbuir (L.-F.J.) - all in China
| | - Bao-Gui Jiang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology (X.-A.Z., Y.-D.M., Y.-F.Z., Z.-Y.H., J.-T.Z., S.H., G.W., S.L., X.W., L.Z., G.-Q.S., C.P., R.W., H.-H.G., B.-G.J., H.L., W.L.), and the Institute of Medical Prevention and Control of Public Health Emergencies, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force (F.T.), Beijing, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun (Y.-D.M., N.L., C.L.), the School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei (Z.-Y.H., X.W., H.L., W.L.), Medical Detachment of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Forest Fire Brigade Daxing'anling Branch, Yakeshi (W.-J.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou (H.-X.Y.), Dandong Infectious Disease Hospital, Dandong (J.-Q.Z.), and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Zhalainuoer District, Hulunbuir (L.-F.J.) - all in China
| | - Chang Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology (X.-A.Z., Y.-D.M., Y.-F.Z., Z.-Y.H., J.-T.Z., S.H., G.W., S.L., X.W., L.Z., G.-Q.S., C.P., R.W., H.-H.G., B.-G.J., H.L., W.L.), and the Institute of Medical Prevention and Control of Public Health Emergencies, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force (F.T.), Beijing, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun (Y.-D.M., N.L., C.L.), the School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei (Z.-Y.H., X.W., H.L., W.L.), Medical Detachment of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Forest Fire Brigade Daxing'anling Branch, Yakeshi (W.-J.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou (H.-X.Y.), Dandong Infectious Disease Hospital, Dandong (J.-Q.Z.), and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Zhalainuoer District, Hulunbuir (L.-F.J.) - all in China
| | - Hao Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology (X.-A.Z., Y.-D.M., Y.-F.Z., Z.-Y.H., J.-T.Z., S.H., G.W., S.L., X.W., L.Z., G.-Q.S., C.P., R.W., H.-H.G., B.-G.J., H.L., W.L.), and the Institute of Medical Prevention and Control of Public Health Emergencies, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force (F.T.), Beijing, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun (Y.-D.M., N.L., C.L.), the School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei (Z.-Y.H., X.W., H.L., W.L.), Medical Detachment of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Forest Fire Brigade Daxing'anling Branch, Yakeshi (W.-J.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou (H.-X.Y.), Dandong Infectious Disease Hospital, Dandong (J.-Q.Z.), and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Zhalainuoer District, Hulunbuir (L.-F.J.) - all in China
| | - Wei Liu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology (X.-A.Z., Y.-D.M., Y.-F.Z., Z.-Y.H., J.-T.Z., S.H., G.W., S.L., X.W., L.Z., G.-Q.S., C.P., R.W., H.-H.G., B.-G.J., H.L., W.L.), and the Institute of Medical Prevention and Control of Public Health Emergencies, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force (F.T.), Beijing, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun (Y.-D.M., N.L., C.L.), the School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei (Z.-Y.H., X.W., H.L., W.L.), Medical Detachment of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Forest Fire Brigade Daxing'anling Branch, Yakeshi (W.-J.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou (H.-X.Y.), Dandong Infectious Disease Hospital, Dandong (J.-Q.Z.), and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Zhalainuoer District, Hulunbuir (L.-F.J.) - all in China
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8
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Tong H, Wang J, Zhu N, Li H, Zhai Y, Shao B, Li H, Xia P, Jiang Y, Jiang C, Liu Y. A nomogram and heat map based on LASSO-Cox regression for predicting the risk of early-stage severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome patients developing into critical illness at 7-day and 14-day. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29921. [PMID: 39300802 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) represents an emerging infectious disease characterized by a substantial mortality risk. Early identification of patients is crucial for effective risk assessment and timely interventions. In the present study, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-Cox regression analysis was conducted to identify key risk factors associated with progression to critical illness at 7-day and 14-day. A nomogram was constructed and subsequently assessed for its predictive accuracy through evaluation and validation processes. The risk stratification of patients was performed using X-tile software. The performance of this risk stratification system was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Additionally, a heat map was generated to visualize the results of these analyses. A total of 262 SFTS patients were included in this study, and four predictive factors were included in the nomogram, namely viral copies, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level, C-reactive protein (CRP), and neurological symptoms. The AUCs for 7-day and 14-day were 0.802 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.707-0.897] and 0.859 (95% CI: 0.794-0.925), respectively. The nomogram demonstrated good discrimination among low, moderate, and high-risk groups. The heat map effectively illustrated the relationships between risk groups and predictive factors, providing valuable insights with high predictive and practical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Tong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Naisheng Zhu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haopeng Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zhai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Binxia Shao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huiying Li
- Department of Geriatric Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunfei Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenxiao Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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9
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Zohaib A, Zhang J, Agwanda B, Chen J, Luo Y, Hu B, Masika M, Kasiiti Lichoti J, Njeri Waruhiu C, Obanda V, Deng F, Shi Z, Ommeh S, Shen S. Serologic evidence of human exposure to the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus and associated viruses in Kenya. Infect Dis (Lond) 2024; 56:776-782. [PMID: 38913503 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2024.2370965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the diverse communities of tick-borne viruses (TBVs) have recently been proposed, the threat of infection and exposure to TBVs among humans across Kenya has been poorly understood. OBJECTIVE Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging tick-borne viral agent associated with the epidemic of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) disease in East Asian countries. This study investigated the seroprevalence of SFTSV among humans in Kenya. METHODS Serum samples were collected from 459 healthy people in Kenya and tested for anti-SFTSV antibodies, which were further confirmed by immunofluorescence assays. Micro neutralization assays were performed to identify neutralising antibodies against SFTSV and SFTSV-related viruses. RESULTS A high seroprevalence (162/459, 35.3%) of SFTSV was found in the samples from nine of the ten surveyed counties in Kenya, with higher rates in the eastern plateau forelands, semiarid and arid areas, and coastal areas than in the area aside Rift valley. The seropositive rate was slightly higher in women than in men and was significantly higher in the 55-64 age group. Neutralising activity against SFTSV was detected in four samples, resulting in a rate of 0.9%. No cross-neutralising activity against the SFTSV-related Guertu virus and Heartland virus was detected in the anti-SFTSV positive serum samples. CONCLUSION The results provide serologic evidence of human exposure to SFTSV in Kenya and extend our understanding of SFTSV prevalence from Asia to Africa. The findings suggest an increasing threat of exposure to emerging TBVs and the need to investigate tick viromes in Kenya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zohaib
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bernard Agwanda
- Department of Zoology, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ben Hu
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Moses Masika
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jacqueline Kasiiti Lichoti
- Directorate of Veterinary Services, State Department of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Irrigation, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | - Fei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengli Shi
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheila Ommeh
- Center for Animal Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Urumqi, China
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10
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Yan X, Luo C, Yang J, Wang Z, Shao Y, Wang P, Yang S, Li Y, Dai Q, Li W, Yang X, Tao H, Ren S, Li Z, Guo X, Li S, Zhu W, Luo Y, Li J, Li S, Cao R, Zhong W. Antiviral Activity of Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators against Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus In Vitro and In Vivo. Viruses 2024; 16:1332. [PMID: 39205306 PMCID: PMC11360069 DOI: 10.3390/v16081332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), also known as the Dabie Banda virus, is an emerging tick-borne Bunyavirus that causes severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). Currently, symptomatic treatment and antiviral therapy with ribavirin and favipiravir are used in clinical management. However, their therapeutical efficacy is hardly satisfactory in patients with high viral load. In this study, we explored the antiviral effects of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) on SFTSV infection and the antiviral mechanisms of a representative SERM, bazedoxifene acetate (BZA). Our data show that SERMs potently inhibited SFTSV-induced cytopathic effect (CPE), the proliferation of infectious viral particles, and viral RNA replication and that BZA effectively protected mice from lethal viral challenge. The mode of action analysis reveals that BZA exerts antiviral effects during the post-entry stage of SFTSV infection. The transcriptome analysis reveals that GRASLND and CYP1A1 were upregulated, while TMEM45B and TXNIP were downregulated. Our findings suggest that SERMs have the potential to be used in the treatment of SFTSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.Y.); (J.Y.); (P.W.); (S.R.); (J.L.)
- Song Li’s Academician Workstation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Yazhou Bay, Sanya 572000, China
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Z.W.); (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (Q.D.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (H.T.); (Z.L.); (X.G.); (S.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Chongda Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.Y.); (J.Y.); (P.W.); (S.R.); (J.L.)
- Song Li’s Academician Workstation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Yazhou Bay, Sanya 572000, China
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Z.W.); (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (Q.D.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (H.T.); (Z.L.); (X.G.); (S.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Jingjing Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.Y.); (J.Y.); (P.W.); (S.R.); (J.L.)
- Song Li’s Academician Workstation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Yazhou Bay, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Zhuang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Z.W.); (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (Q.D.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (H.T.); (Z.L.); (X.G.); (S.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Yunfeng Shao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.Y.); (J.Y.); (P.W.); (S.R.); (J.L.)
- Song Li’s Academician Workstation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Yazhou Bay, Sanya 572000, China
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Z.W.); (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (Q.D.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (H.T.); (Z.L.); (X.G.); (S.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.Y.); (J.Y.); (P.W.); (S.R.); (J.L.)
- Song Li’s Academician Workstation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Yazhou Bay, Sanya 572000, China
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Z.W.); (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (Q.D.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (H.T.); (Z.L.); (X.G.); (S.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Shaokang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Z.W.); (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (Q.D.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (H.T.); (Z.L.); (X.G.); (S.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Yuexiang Li
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Z.W.); (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (Q.D.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (H.T.); (Z.L.); (X.G.); (S.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Qingsong Dai
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Z.W.); (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (Q.D.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (H.T.); (Z.L.); (X.G.); (S.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wei Li
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Z.W.); (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (Q.D.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (H.T.); (Z.L.); (X.G.); (S.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Xiaotong Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Z.W.); (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (Q.D.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (H.T.); (Z.L.); (X.G.); (S.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Huimin Tao
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Z.W.); (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (Q.D.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (H.T.); (Z.L.); (X.G.); (S.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Sichen Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.Y.); (J.Y.); (P.W.); (S.R.); (J.L.)
- Song Li’s Academician Workstation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Yazhou Bay, Sanya 572000, China
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Z.W.); (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (Q.D.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (H.T.); (Z.L.); (X.G.); (S.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Zhenyang Li
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Z.W.); (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (Q.D.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (H.T.); (Z.L.); (X.G.); (S.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Xiaojia Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Z.W.); (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (Q.D.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (H.T.); (Z.L.); (X.G.); (S.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Siqi Li
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Z.W.); (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (Q.D.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (H.T.); (Z.L.); (X.G.); (S.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Weiyan Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Z.W.); (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (Q.D.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (H.T.); (Z.L.); (X.G.); (S.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Yan Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.Y.); (J.Y.); (P.W.); (S.R.); (J.L.)
- Song Li’s Academician Workstation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Yazhou Bay, Sanya 572000, China
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Z.W.); (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (Q.D.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (H.T.); (Z.L.); (X.G.); (S.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Jiazheng Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.Y.); (J.Y.); (P.W.); (S.R.); (J.L.)
- Song Li’s Academician Workstation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Yazhou Bay, Sanya 572000, China
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Z.W.); (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (Q.D.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (H.T.); (Z.L.); (X.G.); (S.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Song Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.Y.); (J.Y.); (P.W.); (S.R.); (J.L.)
- Song Li’s Academician Workstation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Yazhou Bay, Sanya 572000, China
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Z.W.); (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (Q.D.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (H.T.); (Z.L.); (X.G.); (S.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Ruiyuan Cao
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Z.W.); (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (Q.D.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (H.T.); (Z.L.); (X.G.); (S.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wu Zhong
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Z.W.); (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (Q.D.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (H.T.); (Z.L.); (X.G.); (S.L.); (W.Z.)
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11
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Ren X, Sun J, Kuang W, Yu F, Wang B, Wang Y, Deng W, Xu Z, Yang S, Wang H, Hu Y, Deng Z, Ning YJ, Zhao H. A broadly protective antibody targeting glycoprotein Gn inhibits severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7009. [PMID: 39147753 PMCID: PMC11327358 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51108-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging bunyavirus that causes severe viral hemorrhagic fever and thrombocytopenia syndrome with a fatality rate of up to 30%. No licensed vaccines or therapeutics are currently available for humans. Here, we develop seven monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against SFTSV surface glycoprotein Gn. Mechanistic studies show that three neutralizing mAbs (S2A5, S1G3, and S1H7) block multiple steps during SFTSV infection, including viral attachment and membrane fusion, whereas another neutralizing mAb (B1G11) primarily inhibits the viral attachment step. Epitope binning and X-ray crystallographic analyses reveal four distinct antigenic sites on Gn, three of which have not previously been reported, corresponding to domain I, domain II, and spanning domain I and domain II. One of the most potent neutralizing mAbs, S2A5, binds to a conserved epitope on Gn domain I and broadly neutralizes infection of six SFTSV strains corresponding to genotypes A to F. A single dose treatment of S2A5 affords both pre- and post-exposure protection of mice against lethal SFTSV challenge without apparent weight loss. Our results support the importance of glycoprotein Gn for eliciting a robust humoral response and pave a path for developing prophylactic and therapeutic antibodies against SFTSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxiu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiawen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhua Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Feiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bingjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shangyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hualin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yangbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zengqin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Yun-Jia Ning
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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12
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Zhang S, Zhang Q, Wang J, Pan Y, Zhang Z, Geng Y, Jia B, Tian B, Xiong Y, Yan X, Li J, Wang H, Huang R, Wu C. Red Blood Cell Distribution Width Predicts Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:4895-4904. [PMID: 39070134 PMCID: PMC11277826 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s468388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging epidemic infectious disease with high mortality rate. This study aimed to investigate the association of red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and mortality risk in hospitalized SFTS patients. Methods Clinical data of SFTS patients was retrospectively collected from three hospitals between October 2010 and August 2022. Cox proportional hazards model was used to identity the risk factors for fatal outcome. The predictive value of RDW for fatal outcome was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and Kaplan-Meier methods. Results Of 292 patients, the median age was 61.5 years. Non-survivors showed higher RDW value than survivors (13.6% vs.13.0%, P < 0.001). The mortality rate was 44.8% in patients with elevated RDW compared to 18.4% of patients with normal RDW, with a relative risk (RR) of 2.439. Elevated RDW was an independent risk factor of mortality (hazards ratio: 1.167, P = 0.019). Patients with elevated RDW had a higher cumulative mortality than patients with normal RDW. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of RDW for the prediction of mortality was 0.690 (P < 0.001). Conclusion Elevated RDW was associated with higher mortality risk for patients hospitalized for SFTS. RDW may be helpful for risk stratification in SFTS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqiu Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifan Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Geng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bei Jia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Tian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yali Xiong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huali Wang
- Department of General Practice, Nanjing Second Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Morgenlander WR, Chia WN, Parra B, Monaco DR, Ragan I, Pardo CA, Bowen R, Zhong D, Norris DE, Ruczinski I, Durbin A, Wang LF, Larman HB, Robinson ML. Precision arbovirus serology with a pan-arbovirus peptidome. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5833. [PMID: 38992033 PMCID: PMC11239951 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses represent a crucial public health threat. Current arboviral serology assays are either labor intensive or incapable of distinguishing closely related viruses, and many zoonotic arboviruses that may transition to humans lack any serologic assays. In this study, we present a programmable phage display platform, ArboScan, that evaluates antibody binding to overlapping peptides that represent the proteomes of 691 human and zoonotic arboviruses. We confirm that ArboScan provides detailed antibody binding information from animal sera, human sera, and an arthropod blood meal. ArboScan identifies distinguishing features of antibody responses based on exposure history in a Colombian cohort of Zika patients. Finally, ArboScan details epitope level information that rapidly identifies candidate epitopes with potential protective significance. ArboScan thus represents a resource for characterizing human and animal arbovirus antibody responses at cohort scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Morgenlander
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wan Ni Chia
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Beatriz Parra
- Department of Microbiology, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Daniel R Monaco
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Izabela Ragan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University College of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Carlos A Pardo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard Bowen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University College of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Diana Zhong
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Douglas E Norris
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ingo Ruczinski
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna Durbin
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - H Benjamin Larman
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Matthew L Robinson
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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14
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Cui H, Shen S, Chen L, Fan Z, Wen Q, Xing Y, Wang Z, Zhang J, Chen J, La B, Fang Y, Yang Z, Yang S, Yan X, Pei S, Li T, Cui X, Jia Z, Cao W. Global epidemiology of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in human and animals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2024; 48:101133. [PMID: 39040038 PMCID: PMC11261768 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Background Since the initial identification of the Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) in ticks in rural areas of China in 2009, the virus has been increasingly isolated from a diverse array of hosts globally, exhibiting a rising trend in incidence. This study aims to conduct a systematic analysis of the temporal and spatial distribution of SFTS cases, alongside an examination of the infection rates across various hosts, with the objective of addressing public concerns regarding the spread and impact of the disease. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, an exhaustive search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Medline, CNKI, WanFang, and CQVIP. The literature search was confined to publications released between January 1, 2009, and May 29, 2023. The study focused on collating data pertaining to animal infections under natural conditions and human infection cases reported. Additionally, species names were unified using the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. The notification rate, notification death rate, case fatality rate, and infection rates (or MIR) were assessed for each study with available data. The proportions were pooled using a generalized linear mixed-effects model (GLMM). Meta-regressions were conducted for subgroup analysis. This research has been duly registered with PROSPERO, bearing the registration number CRD42023431010. Findings We identified 5492 studies from database searches and assessed 238 full-text studies for eligibility, of which 234 studies were included in the meta-analysis. For human infection data, the overall pooled notification rate was 18.93 (95% CI 17.02-21.05) per ten million people, the overall pooled notification deaths rate was 3.49 (95% CI 2.97-4.10) per ten million people, and the overall pooled case fatality rate was 7.80% (95% CI 7.01%-8.69%). There was an increasing trend in notification rate and deaths rate, while the case fatality rate showed a significant decrease globally. Regarding animal infection data, among 94 species tested, 48 species were found to carry positive nucleic acid or antibodies. Out of these, 14 species were classified under Arthropoda, while 34 species fell under Chordata, comprising 27 Mammalia and 7 Aves. Interpretation This systematic review and meta-analysis present the latest global report on SFTS. In terms of human infections, notification rates and notification deaths rates are on the rise, while the case fatality rate has significantly decreased. More SFTSV animal hosts have been discovered than before, particularly among birds, indicating a potentially broader transmission range for SFTSV. These findings provide crucial insights for the prevention and control of SFTS on a global scale. Funding None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoliang Cui
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shijing Shen
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhiyu Fan
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qian Wen
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yiwen Xing
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zekun Wang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bin La
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yujie Fang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zeping Yang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuhan Yang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiangyu Yan
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Medical School, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shaojun Pei
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongwei Jia
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Center for Intelligent Public Health, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Drug Abuse Control and Prevention, National Institute of Health Data Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wuchun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
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15
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Shimojima M, Sugimoto S, Taniguchi S, Maeki T, Yoshikawa T, Kurosu T, Tajima S, Lim CK, Ebihara H. N-glycosylation of viral glycoprotein is a novel determinant for the tropism and virulence of highly pathogenic tick-borne bunyaviruses. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012348. [PMID: 39008518 PMCID: PMC11271937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus, a tick-borne bunyavirus, causes a severe/fatal disease termed SFTS; however, the viral virulence is not fully understood. The viral non-structural protein, NSs, is the sole known virulence factor. NSs disturbs host innate immune responses and an NSs-mutant SFTS virus causes no disease in an SFTS animal model. The present study reports a novel determinant of viral tropism as well as virulence in animal models, within the glycoprotein (GP) of SFTS virus and an SFTS-related tick-borne bunyavirus. Infection with mutant SFTS viruses lacking the N-linked glycosylation of GP resulted in negligible usage of calcium-dependent lectins in cells, less efficient infection, high susceptibility to a neutralizing antibody, low cytokine production in macrophage-like cells, and reduced virulence in Ifnar-/- mice, when compared with wildtype virus. Three SFTS virus-related bunyaviruses had N-glycosylation motifs at similar positions within their GP and a glycan-deficient mutant of Heartland virus showed in vitro and in vivo phenotypes like those of the SFTS virus. Thus, N-linked glycosylation of viral GP is a novel determinant for the tropism and virulence of SFTS virus and of a related virus. These findings will help us understand the process of severe/fatal diseases caused by tick-borne bunyaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Shimojima
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Sugimoto
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Taniguchi
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maeki
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yoshikawa
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kurosu
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Tajima
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chang-Kweng Lim
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Ebihara
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Hou H, Zou S, Wei W, Wang T, Wang Y, Wu S, Wang F, Liu W, Huang M, Peng J. Kinetics and Prognostic Significance of Laboratory Markers in Patients With Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome: Insight From a Comprehensive Analysis. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:1845-1855. [PMID: 37804100 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease with significant mortality. Identifying prognostic factors that influence patient outcomes is crucial for effective clinical management. In this study, we assessed the dynamic changes of laboratory markers and their association with outcomes in 93 SFTS patients. We found that age and hypertension were significantly associated with poor outcomes in SFTS patients. The deceased group exhibited lower platelet counts, elevated liver and kidney function markers, coagulation profiles, inflammatory markers, and cytokines compared to the survival group. Kinetic analysis showed that these markers gradually normalized in the survival group, while they remained persistently abnormal in the deceased group. Furthermore, hypertension, elevated aspartate aminotransferase, procalcitonin, and interleukin 10 were identified as independent risk factors for predicting poor prognosis of SFTS patients. These findings provide valuable insights into the prognostic significance of laboratory markers and highlight the importance of early identification of high-risk SFTS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Hou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyu Zou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiji Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiyong Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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17
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Chang Z, Gao D, Liao L, Sun J, Zhang G, Zhang X, Wang F, Li C, Oladejo BO, Li S, Chai Y, Hu Y, Lu X, Xiao H, Qi J, Chen Z, Gao F, Wu Y. Bispecific antibodies targeting two glycoproteins on SFTSV exhibit synergistic neutralization and protection in a mouse model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400163121. [PMID: 38830098 PMCID: PMC11181109 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400163121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease with a high fatality rate of up to 30% caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV). However, no specific vaccine or antiviral therapy has been approved for clinical use. To develop an effective treatment, we isolated a panel of human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). SF5 and SF83 are two neutralizing mAbs that recognize two viral glycoproteins (Gn and Gc), respectively. We found that their epitopes are closely located, and we then engineered them as several bispecific antibodies (bsAbs). Neutralization and animal experiments indicated that bsAbs display more potent protective effects than the parental mAbs, and the cryoelectron microscopy structure of a bsAb3 Fab-Gn-Gc complex elucidated the mechanism of protection. In vivo virus passage in the presence of antibodies indicated that two bsAbs resulted in less selective pressure and could efficiently bind to all single parental mAb-escape mutants. Furthermore, epitope analysis of the protective mAbs against SFTSV and RVFV indicated that they are all located on the Gn subdomain I, where may be the hot spots in the phleboviruses. Collectively, these data provide potential therapeutic agents and molecular basis for the rational design of vaccines against SFTSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chang
- Department of Pathogen Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing100069, China
| | - Dan Gao
- Department of Pathogen Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing100069, China
| | - Liying Liao
- Department of Pathogen Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing100069, China
| | - Junqing Sun
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi030801, China
| | - Gen Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR999078, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing100069, China
| | - Feiran Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
| | - Chunrui Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
| | - Babayemi Olawale Oladejo
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, PMB704, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Shihua Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
| | - Yan Chai
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
| | - Yongfei Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Xuancheng Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing102206, China
| | - Haixia Xiao
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin300308, China
| | - Jianxun Qi
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
| | - Zhihai Chen
- Center of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing100015, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin300308, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Pathogen Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing100069, China
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18
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Zhang F, Liu XY, Qiao JP, He WT. Fibrinogen-to-prealbumin and C-reactive protein-to-prealbumin ratios as prognostic indicators in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1397789. [PMID: 38915920 PMCID: PMC11194340 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1397789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The primary aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between serum levels of fibrinogen-to-prealbumin ratio (FPR) and C-reactive protein-to-prealbumin ratio (CPR) and prognostic outcomes among patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). SFTS, characterized by elevated mortality rates, represents a substantial public health challenge as an emerging infectious disease. Methods The study included 159 patients with SFTS. Clinical and laboratory data were compared between the survival and death groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were utilized to identify independent risk factors for mortality. The predictive efficacy of FPR and CPR was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier curve and the log-rank test was employed for comparison. Results The death group exhibited significantly elevated levels of FPR and CPR compared to the survival group (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that both FPR and CPR independently correlated with a poorer prognosis among patients with SFTS. The ROC curve analysis indicated that FPR and CPR had superior predictive capabilities compared to C-reactive protein and fibrinogen. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that patients with SFTS who have FPR > 0.045 (log-rank test; χ2 = 17.370, P < 0.001) or CPR > 0.05 (log-rank test; χ2 = 19.442, P < 0.001) experienced significantly lower survival rates within a 30-day follow-up period. Conclusion Elevated levels of FPR and CPR serve as distinct risk factors for mortality among patients with SFTS, indicating their potential to predict an unfavorable prognosis in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Liu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jin-Ping Qiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wen-Tao He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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19
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Jiang ZZ, Chu M, Yan LN, Zhang WK, Li B, Xu J, Zhao ZX, Han HJ, Zhou CM, Yu XJ. SFTSV nucleoprotein mediates DNA sensor cGAS degradation to suppress cGAS-dependent antiviral responses. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0379623. [PMID: 38712963 PMCID: PMC11237745 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03796-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is an important DNA pattern recognition receptor that senses double-stranded DNA derived from invading pathogens or self DNA in cytoplasm, leading to an antiviral interferon response. A tick-borne Bunyavirus, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), is an RNA virus that causes a severe emerging viral hemorrhagic fever in Asia with a high case fatality rate of up to 30%. However, it is unclear whether cGAS interacts with SFTSV infection. In this study, we found that SFTSV infection upregulated cGAS RNA transcription and protein expression, indicating that cGAS is an important innate immune response against SFTSV infection. The mechanism of cGAS recognizing SFTSV is by cGAS interacting with misplaced mitochondrial DNA in the cytoplasm. Depletion of mitochondrial DNA significantly inhibited cGAS activation under SFTSV infection. Strikingly, we found that SFTSV nucleoprotein (N) induced cGAS degradation in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanically, N interacted with the 161-382 domain of cGAS and linked the cGAS to LC3. The cGAS-N-LC3 trimer was targeted to N-induced autophagy, and the cGAS was degraded in autolysosome. Taken together, our study discovered a novel antagonistic mechanism of RNA viruses, SFTSV is able to suppress the cGAS-dependent antiviral innate immune responses through N-hijacking cGAS into N-induced autophagy. Our results indicated that SFTSV N is an important virulence factor of SFTSV in mediating host antiviral immune responses. IMPORTANCE Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a tick-borne RNA virus that is widespread in East and Southeast Asian countries with a high fatality rate of up to 30%. Up to now, many cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors, such as RIG-I, MDA5, and SAFA, have been reported to recognize SFTSV genomic RNA and trigger interferon-dependent antiviral responses. However, current knowledge is not clear whether SFTSV can be recognized by DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS). Our study demonstrated that cGAS could recognize SFTSV infection via ectopic mitochondrial DNA, and the activated cGAS-stimulator of interferon genes signaling pathway could significantly inhibit SFTSV replication. Importantly, we further uncovered a novel mechanism of SFTSV to inhibit innate immune responses by the degradation of cGAS. cGAS was degraded in N-induced autophagy. Collectively, this study illustrated a novel virulence factor of SFTSV to suppress innate immune responses through autophagy-dependent cGAS degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-zheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Min Chu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Li-na Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wen-kang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhong-xin Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Hui-Ju Han
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chuan-min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xue-jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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20
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Hidaka K, Mitoma S, Norimine J, Shimojima M, Kuroda Y, Hinoura T. Seroprevalence for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus among the residents of Miyazaki, Japan: An epidemiological study. J Infect Chemother 2024; 30:481-487. [PMID: 38042299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a tick-borne infectious disease caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV). The Miyazaki Prefecture has the highest number of SFTS cases in Japan and requires countermeasures for prevention. In this study, we aimed to conduct an epidemiological survey in Miyazaki Prefecture to determine the exposure conditions of SFTSV by measuring the seroprevalence among residents of Miyazaki and to evaluate the factors that influence the endemicity of SFTS. METHODS The survey was conducted between June 2014 and April 2019 in all 26 municipalities in Miyazaki Prefecture. SFTSV antibodies were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the blood samples of 6013 residents (3184 men and 2829 women). A questionnaire-based survey of the living environment was also conducted. RESULTS Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that age and occupation were significant factors related to the proportion of participants with an optical density (OD) value > 0.2 and a seroprevalence of 0.9 % (54/6013). Seven seropositive individuals (0.1 %) with an OD value of >0.4 were identified (three men and four women, aged 54-69 years), and all were asymptomatic. One participant had a higher OD than the positive control. CONCLUSION Although SFTS is endemic in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan, its seroprevalence is relatively low. Since some risk areas in Miyazaki prefecture have been identified, it is important to enhance awareness of SFTS in residences and reduce contact with ticks, especially in high-risk areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Hidaka
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Shuya Mitoma
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Junzo Norimine
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimojima
- Special Pathogens Laboratory, Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kuroda
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Takuji Hinoura
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
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Yang M, Yang Y, Zhang A, Ni M, Liang M, Quan B, Han W, Yang J. Pancreatic Injury Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome. Jpn J Infect Dis 2024; 77:121-128. [PMID: 38171850 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2022.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease. Previous studies have primarily focused on the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with SFTS, whereas pancreatic injury has received little attention. This study investigated the effects of pancreatic injury on the prognosis of patients with SFTS. A total of 156 patients diagnosed with SFTS between April 2016 and April 2022 were included in the analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that pancreatic injury (odds ratio [OR] = 3.754, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.361-79.036, P = 0.024) and neurological symptoms (OR = 18.648, 95% CI: 4.921-70.668, P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for mortality. The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that serum pancreatic enzymes were predictive of progression to death in patients with SFTS. The area under the curve (AUC) for amylase was 0.711, with an optimal cutoff value of 95.5 U/L, sensitivity of 96.4%, and specificity of 35.9%. Lipase had an AUC of 0.754, an optimal cutoff value of 354.75 U/L, sensitivity of 75%, and specificity of 67.2%. Thus, pancreatic injury was associated with a poor prognosis of SFTS and can be used as an important reference for SFTS determination and prognostic assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Class 1, Grade 2019, Department of Stomatology, Bengbu Medical College, China
| | - Aiping Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, China
| | - Mingyue Ni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, China
| | - Manman Liang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, China
| | - Bin Quan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, China
| | - Wenzheng Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, China
| | - Jianghua Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, China
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Li J, Wang C, Li X, Zhang G, Sun S, Wang Z, Zhao J, Xiu L, Jiang N, Zhang H, Yang Z, Zhang J. Direct transmission of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus from farm-raised fur animals to workers in Weihai, China. Virol J 2024; 21:113. [PMID: 38760812 PMCID: PMC11100147 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02387-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease. SFTS virus (SFTSV) is transmitted by tick bites and contact with the blood or body fluids of SFTS patients. Animal-to-human transmission of SFTS has been reported in Japan, but not in China. In this study, the possible transmission route of two patients who fed and cared for farm-raised fur animals in a mink farm was explored. METHOD An epidemiological investigation and a genetic analysis of patients, animals and working environment were carried out. RESULTS It was found that two patients had not been bitten by ticks and had no contact with patients infected with SFTS virus, but both of them had skinned the dying animals. 54.55% (12/22) of the farm workers were positive for SFTS virus antibody. By analyzing the large, medium and small segments sequences, the viral sequences from the two patients, animals and environments showed 99.9% homology. CONCLUSION It is suspected that the two patients may be directly infected by farm-raised animals, and that the virus may have been transmitted by aerosols when skinning dying animals. Transmission by direct blood contacts or animal bites cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhao Li
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Weihai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 5A-1 Nanyuan Rd, Huancui District, Weihai, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Chunping Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Weihai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 5A-1 Nanyuan Rd, Huancui District, Weihai, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Microbiology Laboratory Department, Weihai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Weihai, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Guoying Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Weihai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 5A-1 Nanyuan Rd, Huancui District, Weihai, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Shunzeng Sun
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Wendeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Weihai, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhefeng Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Wendeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Weihai, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Weihai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 5A-1 Nanyuan Rd, Huancui District, Weihai, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Linqing Xiu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Weihai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 5A-1 Nanyuan Rd, Huancui District, Weihai, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Nianchen Jiang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Weihai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 5A-1 Nanyuan Rd, Huancui District, Weihai, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Huajiang Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Weihai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 5A-1 Nanyuan Rd, Huancui District, Weihai, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhenghui Yang
- Weihai Health Commission, Weihai, Shandong Province, P.R. China.
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- Microbiology Laboratory Department, Weihai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Weihai, Shandong Province, P.R. China.
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Fang K, Song X, Bo J. A nomogram to predict mortality in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10627. [PMID: 38724615 PMCID: PMC11081946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60923-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an acute infectious disease caused by a novel Bunyavirus infection with low population immunity and high mortality rate. Lacking specific therapies, the treatment measures vary with the severity of the disease, therefore, a case control study involved 394 SFTS patients was taken to determine risk factors for mortality. Comparative clinical data from the first 24 h after admission was collected through the electronic medical record system. Independent risk factors for death of SFTS were identified through univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses. The results of the logistic regression were visualized using a nomogram which was created by downloading RMS package in the R program. In our study, four independent mortality risk factors were identified: advanced age(mean 70.45 ± 7.76 years), MODS, elevated APTT, and D-dimer. The AUC of the nomogram was 0.873 (0.832, 0.915), and the model passes the calibration test namely Unreliability test with P = 0.958, showing that the model's predictive ability is excellent. The nomogram to determine the risk of death in SFTS efficiently provide a basis for clinical decision-making for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Fang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Weihai Municipal Hospital, No. 70 of Heping Road, WeihaiShandong, 264200, China.
| | - Xuezhen Song
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Weihai Municipal Hospital, No. 70 of Heping Road, WeihaiShandong, 264200, China
| | - Jinshuang Bo
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Weihai Municipal Hospital, No. 70 of Heping Road, WeihaiShandong, 264200, China
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24
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Molina-Hoyos K, Montoya-Ruíz C, Aguilar PV, Pérez-Doria A, Díaz FJ, Rodas JD. Virome analyses of Amblyomma cajennense and Rhipicephalus microplus ticks collected in Colombia. Acta Trop 2024; 253:107158. [PMID: 38402921 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Tick-borne viruses (TBV) have gained public health relevance in recent years due to the recognition of human-associated fatal cases and the increase in tick-borne disease and transmission. However, many tick species have not been studied for their potential to transmit pathogenic viruses, especially those found in Latin America. To gain better understanding of the tick virome, we conducted targeted amplification using broadly-reactive consensus-degenerate pan-viral targeting viruses from the genera Flavivirus, Bandavirus, Uukuvirus, and Orthonairovirus genus. Additionally, we conducted unbiased metagenomic analyses to investigate the presence of viral RNA sequences in Amblyomma cajennense, A. patinoi and Rhipicephalus microplus ticks collected from a horse slaughter plant in Medellín, Colombia. While no viral products were detected by PCR, results of the metagenomic analyses revealed the presence of viral genomes belonging to the genera Phlebovirus, Bandavirus, and Uukuvirus, including Lihan Tick Virus (LTV), which was previously reported in Rhipicephalus microplus from Colombia. Overall, the results emphasized the enormous utility of the next-generation sequencing in identifying virus genetic diversity presents in ticks and other species of vectors and reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katterine Molina-Hoyos
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias Centauro, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Carolina Montoya-Ruíz
- Grupo de investigación en Biotecnología Animal, Global Health Institute One-Health Colombia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Patricia V Aguilar
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | | | - Francisco J Díaz
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan D Rodas
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias Centauro, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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25
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Garba A, Riley J, Lahmers KK, Eastwood G. Widespread Circulation of Tick-Borne Viruses in Virginia-Evidence of Exposure to Heartland, Bourbon, and Powassan Viruses in Wildlife and Livestock. Microorganisms 2024; 12:899. [PMID: 38792729 PMCID: PMC11124039 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging tick-borne viruses such as Powassan virus (POWV), Bourbon virus (BRBV), and Heartland virus (HRTV), whilst rare, can cause severe health problems in humans. While limited clinical cases have been reported thus far in Virginia, the presence of tick-borne viruses poses a serious health threat, and the extent of their prevalence in Virginia is unknown. Here, we sought evidence of POWV, BRBV, and HRTV exposure in Virginia via a serological assessment of wildlife and livestock. Wildlife in Virginia were found to be seropositive against POWV (18%), BRBV (8%), and HRTV (5%), with western and northern regions of the state having a higher prevalence. Multiple wildlife species were shown to have been exposed to each virus examined. To a lesser extent, cattle also showed exposure to tick-borne viruses, with seroprevalences of 1%, 1.2%, and 8% detected in cattle against POWV, BRBV, and HRTV, respectively. Cross-reactivity against other known circulating mosquito-borne flaviviruses was ruled out. In conclusion, there is widespread exposure to tick-borne viruses in western and northern Virginia, with exposure to a diverse range of animal populations. Our study provides the first confirmation that HRTV is circulating in the Commonwealth. These findings strengthen the existing evidence of emerging tick-borne viruses in Virginia and highlight the need for public health vigilance to avoid tick bites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Garba
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | | | - Kevin K. Lahmers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Gillian Eastwood
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
- Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens (CeZAP), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- The Global Change Center, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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26
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Zhao C, Cai G, Zhang X, Liu X, Wang P, Zheng A. Comparative Analysis of Bisexual and Parthenogenetic Populations in Haemaphysalis Longicornis. Microorganisms 2024; 12:823. [PMID: 38674766 PMCID: PMC11051975 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Haemaphysalis longicornis, a three-host tick with a wide host range, is widely distributed in different countries and regions. It stands out among ticks due to its unique feature of having both parthenogenetic and bisexual populations. Despite their morphological resemblance, the characteristics of the parthenogenetic population have been overlooked. In this comprehensive study, we systematically compared the similarities and differences between these two populations. Our investigation revealed that the parthenogenetic H. longicornis, widely distributed in China, was found in ten provinces, surpassing the previously reported distribution. Notably, individuals from the parthenogenetic population exhibited a prolonged blood-feeding duration during the larval and nymph stages compared to their bisexual counterparts. Additionally, the life cycle of the parthenogenetic population was observed to be longer. A flow cytometry analysis indicated a DNA content ratio of approximately 2:3 between the bisexual and parthenogenetic populations. A phylogenetic analysis using whole mitochondrial genome sequences resulted in the separation of the phylogenetic tree into two distinct branches. A molecular analysis unveiled a consistent single T-base deletion at nucleotide 8497 in the parthenogenetic population compared to the bisexual population. Both populations displayed high viral infection capability and significant resistance to ivermectin. Intriguingly, despite these differences, the parthenogenetic population exhibited a similar life cycle to the bisexual population, retaining the ability to transmit pathogens such as Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) and Heartland Virus (HRTV). These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the distinct characteristics and similarities between different populations of H. longicornis, laying the foundation for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyue Zhao
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, China; (C.Z.); (G.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Guonan Cai
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, China; (C.Z.); (G.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Xing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, China; (C.Z.); (G.C.); (X.L.)
- Aulin College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, China; (C.Z.); (G.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Aihua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
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27
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Westover JB, Jung KH, Alkan C, Boardman KM, Van Wettere AJ, Martens C, Rojas I, Hicks P, Thomas AJ, Saindane MT, Bluemling GR, Mao S, Kolykhalov AA, Natchus MG, Bates P, Painter GR, Ikegami T, Gowen BB. Modeling Heartland virus disease in mice and therapeutic intervention with 4'-fluorouridine. J Virol 2024; 98:e0013224. [PMID: 38511932 PMCID: PMC11019845 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00132-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Heartland virus (HRTV) is an emerging tick-borne bandavirus that causes a febrile illness of varying severity in humans, with cases reported in eastern and midwestern regions of the United States. No vaccines or approved therapies are available to prevent or treat HRTV disease. Here, we describe the genetic changes, natural history of disease, and pathogenesis of a mouse-adapted HRTV (MA-HRTV) that is uniformly lethal in 7- to 8-week-old AG129 mice at low challenge doses. We used this model to assess the efficacy of the ribonucleoside analog, 4'-fluorouridine (EIDD-2749), and showed that once-daily oral treatment with 3 mg/kg of drug, initiated after the onset of disease, protects mice against lethal MA-HRTV challenge and reduces viral loads in blood and tissues. Our findings provide insights into HRTV virulence and pathogenesis and support further development of EIDD-2749 as a therapeutic intervention for HRTV disease. IMPORTANCE More than 60 cases of HRTV disease spanning 14 states have been reported to the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The expanding range of the Lone Star tick that transmits HRTV, the growing population of at-risk persons living in geographic areas where the tick is abundant, and the lack of antiviral treatments or vaccines raise significant public health concerns. Here, we report the development of a new small-animal model of lethal HRTV disease to gain insight into HRTV pathogenesis and the application of this model for the preclinical development of a promising new antiviral drug candidate, EIDD-2749. Our findings shed light on how the virus causes disease and support the continued development of EIDD-2749 as a therapeutic for severe cases of HRTV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonna B. Westover
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Kie Hoon Jung
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Cigdem Alkan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Kirsten M. Boardman
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Arnaud J. Van Wettere
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
- Utah Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Craig Martens
- Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Inioska Rojas
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Philip Hicks
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aaron J. Thomas
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
- Center for Integrated BioSystems, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Manohar T. Saindane
- Emory Institute for Drug Development, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Shuli Mao
- Emory Institute for Drug Development, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alexander A. Kolykhalov
- Emory Institute for Drug Development, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Drug Innovation Ventures at Emory (DRIVE), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael G. Natchus
- Emory Institute for Drug Development, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Paul Bates
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - George R. Painter
- Emory Institute for Drug Development, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Drug Innovation Ventures at Emory (DRIVE), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tetsuro Ikegami
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- The Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- The Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Brian B. Gowen
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
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28
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Zhang S, Wang J, Zhang Q, Pan Y, Zhang Z, Geng Y, Jia B, Li Y, Xiong Y, Yan X, Li J, Wang H, Wu C, Huang R. Association of liver function and prognosis in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012068. [PMID: 38626222 PMCID: PMC11051684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an epidemic emerging infectious disease with high mortality rate. We investigated the association between liver injury and clinical outcomes in patients with SFTS. METHODS A total of 291 hospitalized SFTS patients were retrospectively included. Cox proportional hazards model was adopted to identify risk factors of fatal outcome and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate cumulative risks. RESULTS 60.1% of patients had liver injury at admission, and the median alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (TBil) levels were 76.4 U/L, 152.3 U/L, 69.8 U/L and 9.9 μmol/L, respectively. Compared to survivors, non-survivors had higher levels of AST (253.0 U/L vs. 131.1 U/L, P < 0.001) and ALP (86.2 U/L vs. 67.9 U/L, P = 0.006), higher proportion of elevated ALP (20.0% vs. 4.4%, P < 0.001) and liver injury (78.5% vs. 54.9%, P = 0.001) at admission. The presence of liver injury (HR 2.049, P = 0.033) at admission was an independent risk factor of fatal outcome. CONCLUSIONS Liver injury was a common complication and was strongly associated with poor prognosis in SFTS patients. Liver function indicators should be closely monitored for SFTS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqiu Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yifan Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Geng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bei Jia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yali Xiong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomin Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huali Wang
- Department of General Practice, Nanjing Second Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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29
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Wang Z, Zhang W, Wu T, Lu N, He J, Wang J, Rao J, Gu Y, Cheng X, Li Y, Qi Y. Time series models in prediction of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome cases in Shandong province, China. Infect Dis Model 2024; 9:224-233. [PMID: 38303992 PMCID: PMC10831807 DOI: 10.1016/j.idm.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV). Predicting the incidence of this disease in advance is crucial for policymakers to develop prevention and control strategies. In this study, we utilized historical incidence data of SFTS (2013-2020) in Shandong Province, China to establish three univariate prediction models based on two time-series forecasting algorithms Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Prophet, as well as a special type of recurrent neural network Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) algorithm. We then evaluated and compared the performance of these models. All three models demonstrated good predictive capabilities for SFTS cases, with the predicted results closely aligning with the actual cases. Among the models, the LSTM model exhibited the best fitting and prediction performance. It achieved the lowest values for mean absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), and root mean square error (RMSE). The number of SFTS cases in the subsequent 5 years in this area were also generated using this model. The LSTM model, being simple and practical, provides valuable information and data for assessing the potential risk of SFTS in advance. This information is crucial for the development of early warning systems and the formulation of effective prevention and control measures for SFTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixu Wang
- Pest Control Department, Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechniques, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, 210002, China
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui province, 233030, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, 210002, China
| | - Nianhong Lu
- Pest Control Department, Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechniques, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, 210002, China
| | - Junyu He
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, China
- Ocean Academy, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, China
| | - Junhu Wang
- Pest Control Department, Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechniques, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, 210002, China
| | - Jixian Rao
- Pest Control Department, Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechniques, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, 210002, China
| | - Yuan Gu
- Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, 210002, China
| | - Xianxian Cheng
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui province, 233030, China
| | - Yuexi Li
- Pest Control Department, Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechniques, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, 210002, China
| | - Yong Qi
- Pest Control Department, Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechniques, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, 210002, China
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30
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An H, Yu X, Liu Y, Fang L, Shu M, Zhai Q, Chen J. Downregulation of transcription 1 hinders the replication of Dabie bandavirus by promoting the expression of TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 signaling pathway. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2024; 15:102307. [PMID: 38194758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a bunyavirus that causes SFTS, with a case fatality rate of up to 30 %. The innate immune system plays a crucial role in the defense against SFTSV; however, the impact of viral propagation of STFSV on the innate immune system remains unclear. Although proteomics analysis revealed that the expression of the downregulator of transcription 1 (DR1) increased after SFTSV infection, the specific change trend and the functional role of DR1 during viral infection remain unelucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that DR1 was highly expressed in response to SFTSV infection in HEK 293T cells using qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Furthermore, viral replication significantly increased the expression of various TLRs, especially TLR9. Our data indicated that DR1 positively regulated the expression of TLRs in HEK 293T cells, DR1 overexpression highly increased the expression of numerous TLRs, whereas RNAi-mediated DR1 silencing decreased TLR expression. Additionally, the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)-dependent or TIR-domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-β (TRIF)-dependent signaling pathways were highly up- and downregulated by the overexpression and silencing of DR1, respectively. Finally, we report that DR1 stimulates the expression of TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9, thereby upregulating the TRIF-dependent and MyD88-dependent signaling pathways during the SFTSV infection, attenuating viral replication, and enhancing the production of type I interferon and various inflammatory factors, including IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8. These results imply that DR1 defends against SFTSV replication by inducing the expression of TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9. Collectively, our findings revealed a novel role and mechanism of DR1 in mediating antiviral responses and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao An
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Yumei Liu
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Lei Fang
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Ming Shu
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhai
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Junhao Chen
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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31
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Jevtic D, da Silva MD, Haylock AB, Nordstrom CW, Oluic S, Pantic N, Nikolajevic M, Nikolajevic N, Kotseva M, Dumic I. Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in Patients with Tick-Borne Illness: A Scoping Review of 98 Cases. Infect Dis Rep 2024; 16:154-169. [PMID: 38525759 PMCID: PMC10961790 DOI: 10.3390/idr16020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) secondary to tick-borne infections is a rare but potentially life-threatening syndrome. We performed a scoping review according to PRISMA guidelines to systematically analyze the existing literature on the topic. A total of 98 patients were included, with a mean age of 43.7 years, of which 64% were men. Most cases, 31%, were reported from the USA. Immunosuppression was present in 21.4%, with the most common cause being previous solid organ transplantation. Constitutional symptoms were the most common, observed in 83.7% of the patients, while fever was reported in 70.4% of cases. Sepsis was present in 27.6%. The most common laboratory abnormalities in this cohort were thrombocytopenia in 81.6% of patients, while anemia, leukopenia, and leukocytosis were observed in 75.5%, 55.1%, and 10.2%, respectively. Liver enzyme elevation was noted in 63.3% of cases. The H-score was analyzed in 64 patients, with the mean value being 209, and bone marrow analysis was performed in 61.2% of patients. Ehrlichia spp. was the main isolated agent associated with HLH in 45.9%, followed by Rickettsia spp. in 14.3% and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in 12.2%. Notably, no patient with Powassan virus infection or Lyme borreliosis developed HLH. The most common complications were acute kidney injury (AKI) in 35.7% of patients, shock with multiple organ dysfunction in 22.5%, encephalopathy/seizure in 20.4%, respiratory failure in 16.3%, and cardiac complications in 7.1% of patients. Treatment included antibiotic therapy alone in 43.9%, while 5.1% of patients were treated with immunosuppressants alone. Treatment with both antibiotics and immunosuppressants was used in 51% of patients. Appropriate empiric antibiotics were used in 62.2%. In 43.9% of cases of HLH due to tick-borne disease, patients received only antimicrobial therapy, and 88.4% of those recovered completely without the need for immunosuppressive therapy. The mortality rate in our review was 16.3%, and patients who received inappropriate or delayed empiric therapy had a worse outcome. Hence, we suggest empiric antibiotic treatment in patients who are suspected of having HLH due to tick-borne disease or in whom diagnostic uncertainty persists due to diagnostic delay in order to minimize mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorde Jevtic
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (D.J.); (A.B.H.)
- Department of Medicine, NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst, New York, NY 11373, USA
| | | | - Alberto Busmail Haylock
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (D.J.); (A.B.H.)
- Department of Medicine, NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst, New York, NY 11373, USA
| | - Charles W. Nordstrom
- Department of Hospital Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, WI 54703, USA;
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Stevan Oluic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Mankato, MN 56001, USA;
| | - Nikola Pantic
- Clinic of Hematology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Milan Nikolajevic
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.N.); (N.N.)
| | - Nikola Nikolajevic
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.N.); (N.N.)
| | - Magdalena Kotseva
- Internal Medicine Residency, Franciscan Health, Olympia Fields, Chicago, IL 60461, USA;
| | - Igor Dumic
- Department of Hospital Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, WI 54703, USA;
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
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Fujii H, Fukushi S, Yoshikawa T, Nagata N, Taniguchi S, Shimojima M, Yamada S, Tani H, Uda A, Maeki T, Harada S, Kurosu T, Lim CK, Nakayama E, Takayama-Ito M, Watanabe S, Ebihara H, Morikawa S, Saijo M. Pathological and virological findings of type I interferon receptor knockout mice upon experimental infection with Heartland virus. Virus Res 2024; 340:199301. [PMID: 38096954 PMCID: PMC10733679 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Heartland virus (HRTV) causes generalized symptoms, severe shock, and multiple organ failure. We previously reported that interferon-α/β receptor knockout (IFNAR-/-) mice infected intraperitoneally with 1 × 107 tissue culture-infective dose (TCID50) of HRTV died, while those subcutaneously infected with the same dose of HRTV did not. The pathophysiology of IFNAR-/- mice infected with HRTV and the mechanism underlying the difference in disease severity, which depends on HRTV infection route, were analyzed in this study. The liver, spleen, mesenteric and axillary lymph nodes, and gastrointestinal tract of intraperitoneally (I.P.) infected mice had pathological changes; however, subcutaneously (S.C.) infected mice only had pathological changes in the axillary lymph node and gastrointestinal tract. HRTV RNA levels in the mesenteric lymph node, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, stomach, intestine, and blood were significantly higher in I.P. infected mice than those in S.C. infected mice. Chemokine ligand-1 (CXCL-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-12, interferon (IFN)-γ, and IL-10 levels in plasma of I.P. infected mice were higher than those of S.C. infected mice. These results indicated that high levels of viral RNA and the induction of inflammatory responses in HRTV-infected IFNAR-/- mice may be associated with disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Fujii
- The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoino-oka, Imabari, Ehime, 794-8555, Japan; Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Shuetsu Fukushi
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yoshikawa
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Noriyo Nagata
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Satoshi Taniguchi
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimojima
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Souichi Yamada
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Hideki Tani
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan; Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikouyama, Imizu-shi, Toyama, 939-0363, Japan
| | - Akihiko Uda
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maeki
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shizuko Harada
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kurosu
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Chang Kweng Lim
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Eri Nakayama
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Mutsuyo Takayama-Ito
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shumpei Watanabe
- The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoino-oka, Imabari, Ehime, 794-8555, Japan
| | - Hideki Ebihara
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shigeru Morikawa
- The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoino-oka, Imabari, Ehime, 794-8555, Japan; Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan; Sapporo City Health & Welfare Bureau, Public Health Office, WEST 19, Chuo-ku West 19,Sapporo, 060-0042, Japan
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Chang M, Min YQ, Xu Z, Deng F, Wang H, Ning YJ. Host factor MxA restricts Dabie bandavirus infection by targeting the viral NP protein to inhibit NP-RdRp interaction and ribonucleoprotein activity. J Virol 2024; 98:e0156823. [PMID: 38054738 PMCID: PMC10805036 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01568-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease with high case mortality rates, which is caused by Dabie bandavirus (DBV), a novel pathogen also termed as SFTS virus (SFTSV). Currently, no specific therapeutic drugs or vaccines are available for SFTS. Myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) has been shown to inhibit multiple viral pathogens; however, the role of MxA in DBV infection is unknown. Here, we demonstrated that DBV stimulates MxA expression which, in turn, restricts DBV infection. Mechanistic target analysis revealed that MxA specifically interacts with the viral nucleocapsid protein (NP) in a manner independent of RNA. Minigenome reporter assay showed that in agreement with its targeting of NP, MxA inhibits DBV ribonucleoprotein (RNP) activity. In detail, MxA interacts with the NP N-terminal and disrupts the interaction of NP with the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) but not NP multimerization, the critical activities of NP for RNP formation and function. Furthermore, MxA N-terminal domain was identified as the functional domain inhibiting DBV infection, and, consistently, then was shown to interact with NP and obstruct the NP-RdRp interaction. Additionally, threonine 103 within the N-terminal domain is important for MxA inhibition to DBV, and its mutation (T103A) attenuates MxA binding to NP and obstruction of the NP-RdRp interaction. This study uncovers MxA inhibition of DBV with a series of functional and mechanistical analyses, providing insights into the virus-host interactions and probably helping inform the development of antiviral agents in the future.IMPORTANCEDBV/SFTSV is an emerging high-pathogenic virus. Since its first identification in China in 2009, cases of DBV infection have been reported in many other countries, posing a significant threat to public health. Uncovering the mechanisms of DBV-host interactions is necessary to understand the viral pathogenesis and host response and may advance the development of antiviral therapeutics. Here, we found that host factor MxA whose expression is induced by DBV restricts the virus infection. Mechanistically, MxA specifically interacts with the viral NP and blocks the NP-RdRp interaction, inhibiting the viral RNP activity. Further studies identified the key domain and amino acid residue required for MxA inhibition to DBV. Consistently, they were then shown to be important for MxA targeting of NP and obstruction of the NP-RdRp association. These findings unravel the restrictive role of MxA in DBV infection and the underlying mechanism, expanding our knowledge of the virus-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Qin Min
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hualin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun-Jia Ning
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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Xu H, Jian X, Wen Y, Xu M, Jin R, Wu X, Zhou F, Cao J, Xiao G, Peng K, Xie Y, Chen H, Zhang L. A nanoluciferase SFTSV for rapid screening antivirals and real-time visualization of virus infection in mice. EBioMedicine 2024; 99:104944. [PMID: 38176215 PMCID: PMC10806088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging tick-borne pathogen that causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans, but no FDA-approved specific antivirals or vaccines are available to treat or prevent SFTS. METHODS The plasmids construction and transfection were performed to generate the recombinant SFTSV harboring the nanoluciferase gene (SFTSV-Nluc). Immunostaining plaque assay was performed to measure viral titers, and DNA electrophoresis and Sanger sequencing were performed to evaluate the genetic stability. Luciferase assay and quantitative RT-PCR were performed to evaluate the efficacy of antivirals in vitro. Bioluminescence imaging, titration of virus from excised organs, hematology, and histopathology and immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate the efficacy of antivirals in vivo. FINDINGS SFTSV-Nluc exhibited high genetic stability and replication kinetics similar to those of wild-type virus (SFTSVwt), then a rapid high-throughput screening system for identifying inhibitors to treat SFTS was developed, and a nucleoside analog, 4-FlU, was identified to effectively inhibit SFTSV in vitro. SFTSV-Nluc mimicked the replication characteristics and localization of SFTSVwt in counterpart model mice. Bioluminescence imaging of SFTSV-Nluc allowed real-time visualization and quantification of SFTSV replication in the mice. 4-FlU was demonstrated to inhibit the replication of SFTSV with more efficiency than T-705 and without obvious adverse effect in vivo. INTERPRETATION The high-throughput screening system based on SFTSV-Nluc for use in vitro and in vivo revealed that a safe and effective antiviral nucleoside analog, 4-FlU, may be a basis for the strategic treatment of SFTSV and other bunyavirus infections, paving the way for the discovery of antivirals. FUNDING This work was supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Plan of China (2021YFC2300700 to L. Zhang, 2022YFC2303300 to L. Zhang), Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB0490000 to L. Zhang), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31970165 to L. Zhang, U22A20379 to G. Xiao), the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (21S11903100 to Y. Xie), Hubei Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars (2022CFA099 to L. Zhang).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaoqin Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxi Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Mengwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Runming Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Fen Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Junyuan Cao
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, 430200, China
| | - Gengfu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | | | - Hongbo Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Leike Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, 430200, China.
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Lin Y, Pascall DJ. Characterisation of putative novel tick viruses and zoonotic risk prediction. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10814. [PMID: 38259958 PMCID: PMC10800298 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Tick-associated viruses remain a substantial zoonotic risk worldwide, so knowledge of the diversity of tick viruses has potential health consequences. Despite their importance, large amounts of sequences in public data sets from tick meta-genomic and -transcriptomic projects remain unannotated, sequence data that could contain undocumented viruses. Through data mining and bioinformatic analysis of more than 37,800 public meta-genomic and -transcriptomic data sets, we found 83 unannotated contigs exhibiting high identity with known tick viruses. These putative viral contigs were classified into three RNA viral families (Alphatetraviridae, Orthomyxoviridae and Chuviridae) and one DNA viral family (Asfarviridae). After manual checking of quality and dissimilarity towards other sequences in the data set, these 83 contigs were reduced to five contigs in the Alphatetraviridae from four putative viruses, four in the Orthomyxoviridae from two putative viruses and one in the Chuviridae which clustered with known tick-associated viruses, forming a separate clade within the viral families. We further attempted to assess which previously known tick viruses likely represent zoonotic risks and thus deserve further investigation. We ranked the human infection potential of 133 known tick-associated viruses using a genome composition-based machine learning model. We found five high-risk tick-associated viruses (Langat virus, Lonestar tick chuvirus 1, Grotenhout virus, Taggert virus and Johnston Atoll virus) that have not been known to infect human and two viral families (Nairoviridae and Phenuiviridae) that contain a large proportion of potential zoonotic tick-associated viruses. This adds to the knowledge of tick virus diversity and highlights the importance of surveillance of newly emerging tick-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Lin
- MRC Biostatistics UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Royal Veterinary CollegeUniversity of LondonLondonUK
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Wang A, Tang Y, Pang Z, Gong Y, Wu J, Qi J, Niu G. Molecular evidence for potential transovarial transmission of Dabieshan tick virus in Haemaphysalis longicornis from Shandong Province, China. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0296213. [PMID: 38134039 PMCID: PMC10745148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dabieshan tick virus (DBTV) is a newly identified arbovirus, first detected in Haemaphysalis longicornis collected from Hubei Province in 2015. It has been confirmed that DBTV is widely distributed in Shandong Province, China. However, its entomological and epidemiological features remain to be further explored, particularly the feasibility of transovarial transmission. Our research tries to explain the possibility of transovarial transmission of DBTV from engorged female ticks to their offspring. All engorged female adult ticks were sampled from domestic sheep and allowed to lay eggs and hatch in appropriate laboratory conditions. All engorged ticks, larvae and unhatched eggs were classified into pools for nucleic acid extraction and DBTV RNA detection. According to the results of qRT-PCR, the positive rate of DBTV was 6.25% (8/128) in engorged female ticks, 3.57% (1/28) in eggs and 5% (3/60) in larvae pools, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that DBTV isolates from larvae were similar to those from maternal ticks with more than 99.5% homology, and DBTV was relatively conservative in evolution. Our findings are the first to provide molecular evidence of potential transovarial transmission of DBTV among H. longicornis. Nonetheless, the transovarial transmission of DBTV in frequency and proportion occurring in nature deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anan Wang
- School of Public Health, WeiFang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yunfeng Tang
- School of Public Health, WeiFang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zheng Pang
- Tianjin Customs Port Out-Patient Department, Tianjin International Travel Healthcare Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaxuan Gong
- Yantai Zhifu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yantai, China
| | - Jintao Wu
- Yantai Zhifu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yantai, China
| | - Jun Qi
- Tianjin Customs Port Out-Patient Department, Tianjin International Travel Healthcare Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Guoyu Niu
- School of Public Health, WeiFang Medical University, Weifang, China
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Duan Q, Tian X, Pang B, Zhang Y, Xiao C, Yao M, Ding S, Zhang X, Jiang X, Kou Z. Spatiotemporal distribution and environmental influences of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Shandong Province, China. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:891. [PMID: 38124061 PMCID: PMC10731860 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08899-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease discovered in China in 2009. The purpose of this study was to describe the spatiotemporal distribution of SFTS and to identify its environmental influencing factors and potential high-risk areas in Shandong Province, China. METHODS Data on the SFTS incidence from 2010 to 2021 were collected. Spatiotemporal scan statistics were used to identify the time and area of SFTS clustering. The maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model was used to analyse environmental influences and predict high-risk areas. RESULTS From 2010 to 2021, a total of 5705 cases of SFTS were reported in Shandong. The number of SFTS cases increased yearly, with a peak incidence from April to October each year. Spatiotemporal scan statistics showed the existence of one most likely cluster and two secondary likely clusters in Shandong. The most likely cluster was in the eastern region, from May to October 2021. The first secondary cluster was in the central region, from May to October 2021. The second secondary cluster was in the southeastern region, from May to September 2020. The MaxEnt model showed that the mean annual wind speed, NDVI, cattle density and annual cumulative precipitation were the key factors influencing the occurrence of SFTS. The predicted risk map showed that the area of high prevalence was 28,120 km2, accounting for 18.05% of the total area of the province. CONCLUSIONS The spatiotemporal distribution of SFTS was heterogeneous and influenced by multidimensional environmental factors. This should be considered as a basis for delineating SFTS risk areas and developing SFTS prevention and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Duan
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Section, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250014, China
- Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xueying Tian
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Section, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Bo Pang
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Section, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Section, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Chuanhao Xiao
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Section, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Mingxiao Yao
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Section, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Shujun Ding
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Section, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Section, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Xiaolin Jiang
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Section, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Zengqiang Kou
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Section, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250014, China.
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Doores KJ. Humoral immunity to phlebovirus infection. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1530:23-31. [PMID: 37936483 PMCID: PMC10952791 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Phleboviruses are zoonotic pathogens found in parts of Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America and cause disease symptoms ranging from self-limiting febrile illness to severe disease, including hemorrhagic diathesis, encephalitis, and ocular pathologies. There are currently no approved preventative vaccines against phlebovirus infection or antivirals for the treatment of the disease. Here, we discuss the roles of neutralizing antibodies in phlebovirus infection, the antigenic targets present on the mature polyproteins Gn and Gc, progress in vaccine development, and the prospects of identifying conserved neutralizing epitopes across multiple phleboviruses. Further research in this area will pave the way for the rational design of pan-phlebovirus vaccines that will protect against both known phleboviruses but also newly emerging phleboviruses that may have pandemic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J. Doores
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
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Eleftheriou A, Swisher S, Arruda A, Berrian A, Pesapane R. Describing the experience of livestock producers from Ohio, USA with ticks and associated diseases. ONE HEALTH OUTLOOK 2023; 5:15. [PMID: 37986116 PMCID: PMC10662443 DOI: 10.1186/s42522-023-00091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As tick ranges expand across North America, the risk of tick bites and tick-borne diseases (TBDs, i.e. diseases or syndromes associated with ticks) rises for humans and animals, making prevention critical. Several U.S. studies have examined knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding ticks and TBDs for various cohorts of people. However, among occupational groups with high exposure risk from ticks and TBDs are livestock producers, of which we know little about. To help address this gap, an electronic questionnaire was distributed to livestock producers in Ohio, U.S, a state with a robust agricultural sector. METHODS We generated descriptive statistics and conducted a multiple correspondence analysis followed by hierarchical clustering on principal components to identify producers with similar response profiles. RESULTS Responses from 57 producers showed that most (52.6%) think the American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis) is found in Ohio but are unsure about other species. Although several TBDs are present in Ohio, most (> 50%) producers were unsure or unaware of their presence. Interestingly, most (54.4%) thought ticks pose major health risks for their livestock but fewer (49.1%) thought the same for humans. Regardless, most producers did employ at least one prevention method for themselves (96.5%) and their animals (82.5%). Cluster analysis (n = 48) identified three groups: the largest (n = 21) was considered "aware and cautious" consisting primarily of farm owners. The others generally practiced less prevention and consisted primarily of farm employees. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that producers in Ohio practice prevention for themselves and their livestock, but demonstrate gaps in knowledge (e.g., TBD occurrence) and attitudes (e.g., health risks) that could be addressed via educational formats we found producers preferred (e.g., extension materials), to encourage informed prevention. This is especially important for farm employees that may practice less prevention because of lower awareness. Our study can guide others in regions faced with similar tick and TBD risks to protect occupational and livestock health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Eleftheriou
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1920 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Samantha Swisher
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1920 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Andréia Arruda
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1920 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Amanda Berrian
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1920 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Risa Pesapane
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1920 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Dupuis AP, Lange RE, Ciota AT. Emerging tickborne viruses vectored by Amblyomma americanum (Ixodida: Ixodidae): Heartland and Bourbon viruses. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 60:1183-1196. [PMID: 37862097 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Heartland (HRTV) and Bourbon (BRBV) viruses are newly identified tick-borne viruses, isolated from serious clinical cases in 2009 and 2014, respectively. Both viruses originated in the lower Midwest United States near the border of Missouri and Kansas, cause similar disease manifestations, and are presumably vectored by the same tick species, Amblyomma americanum Linnaeus (Ixodida: Ixodidae). In this article, we provide a current review of HRTV and BRBV, including the virology, epidemiology, and ecology of the viruses with an emphasis on the tick vector. We touch on current challenges of vector control and surveillance, and we discuss future directions in the study of these emergent pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan P Dupuis
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Griffin Laboratory, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY 12159, USA
| | - Rachel E Lange
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Griffin Laboratory, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY 12159, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Alexander T Ciota
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Griffin Laboratory, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY 12159, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
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Mekata H, Kobayashi I, Okabayashi T. Detection and phylogenetic analysis of Dabieshan tick virus and Okutama tick virus in ticks collected from Cape Toi, Japan. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2023; 14:102237. [PMID: 37595529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
New technologies have led to the discovery of novel tick-borne and tick-associated viruses. Dabieshan tick virus (DaTV) and Okutama tick virus (OkTV), which belong to the family Phenuiviridae, were discovered in ticks in China and Japan, respectively, in the 2010s. Although it is unknown whether these viruses cause disease in animals or humans, all tick-associated viruses have the potential to become etiological agents of infectious diseases through gene reassortment. Therefore, it is important to elucidate the ecology of these viruses, regardless of their pathogenicity. In this study, ticks were collected year-round in Cape Toi, Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan, and an epidemiological survey of tick-associated phenuiviruses was performed. A total of 516 ticks collected from the vegetation by dragging flannel sheets were used for analysis. Pan-phenuivirus reverse transcription PCR was performed on the tick samples, and DaTV and OkTV were detected. We found that 37.0% (85/230) and 23% (16/71) of nymphal and adult Haemaphysalis longicornis were infected with DaTV, respectively, and 10% (6/62) and 13% (1/8) of nymphal and adult Haemaphysalis flava were infected with OkTV, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the DaTV identified in this study formed a unique clade that was distinct from the strains identified in China. The survey revealed that DaTV is distributed not only in China, but also in Japan. We believe that this study contributes to our understanding of the prevalence of tick-associated viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohisa Mekata
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.
| | - Ikuo Kobayashi
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; Field Science Center, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 10100-1 Shimanouchi, Miyazaki 880-0121, Japan
| | - Tamaki Okabayashi
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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He X, Yang F, Wu Y, Lu J, Gao X, Zhu X, Yang J, Liu S, Xiao G, Pan X. Identification of tanshinone I as cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor with broad-spectrum antiviral effect. J Virol 2023; 97:e0079623. [PMID: 37732786 PMCID: PMC10617418 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00796-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The spread of avian-borne, tick-borne, and rodent-borne pathogens has the potential to pose a serious threat to human health, and candidate vaccines as well as therapeutics for these pathogens are urgently needed. Tanshinones, especially tanshinone I, were identified as a cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor with broad-spectrum antiviral effects on negative-stranded, segmented RNA viruses including bandavirus, orthomyxovirus, and arenavirus from natural products, implying an important resource of candidate antivirals from the traditional Chinese medicines. This study supplies novel candidate antivirals for the negative-stranded, segmented RNA virus and highlights the endonuclease involved in the cap-snatching process as a reliable broad-spectrum antiviral target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue He
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People’s Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuerui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Yang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gengfu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Park JY, Sivasankar C, Kirthika P, Prabhu D, Lee JH. Non-Structural Protein-W61 as a Novel Target in Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus (SFTSV): An In-Vitro and In-Silico Study on Protein-Protein Interactions with Nucleoprotein and Viral Replication. Viruses 2023; 15:1963. [PMID: 37766369 PMCID: PMC10535573 DOI: 10.3390/v15091963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-structural protein (NSs) and nucleoprotein (NP) of the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) encoded by the S segment are crucial for viral pathogenesis. They reside in viroplasm-like structures (VLS), but their interaction and their significance in viral propagation remain unclear. Here, we investigated the significance of the association between NSs and NP during viral infection through in-silico and in-vitro analyses. Through in-silico analysis, three possible binding sites were predicted, at positions C6S (Cystein at 6th position to Serine), W61Y (Tryptophan 61st to Tyrosine), and S207T (Serine 207th to Threonine), three mutants of NSs were developed by site-directed mutagenesis and tested for NP interaction by co-immunoprecipitation. NSsW61Y failed to interact with the nucleoprotein, which was substantiated by the conformational changes observed in the structural analyses. Additionally, molecular docking analysis corroborated that the NSW61Y mutant protein does not interact well compared to wild-type NSs. Over-expression of wild-type NSs in HeLa cells increased the SFTSV replication by five folds, but NSsW61Y exhibited 1.9-folds less viral replication than wild-type. We demonstrated that the W61Y alteration was implicated in the reduction of NSs-NP interaction and viral replication. Thus, the present study identified a critical NSs site, which could be targeted for development of therapeutic regimens against SFTSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Park
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea (P.K.)
| | - Chandran Sivasankar
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea (P.K.)
| | - Perumalraja Kirthika
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea (P.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Dhamodharan Prabhu
- Centre for Drug Discovery, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, India;
| | - John Hwa Lee
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea (P.K.)
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Lee K, Seok JH, Kim H, Park S, Lee S, Bae JY, Jeon K, Kang JG, Yoo JR, Heo ST, Cho NH, Lee KH, Kim K, Park MS, Kim JI. Genome-informed investigation of the molecular evolution and genetic reassortment of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011630. [PMID: 37713429 PMCID: PMC10529592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a viral pathogen causing significant clinical signs from mild fever with thrombocytopenia to severe hemorrhages. World Health Organization has paid special attention to the dramatic increase in human SFTS cases in China, Japan, and South Korea since the 2010s. The present study investigated the molecular evolution and genetic reassortment of SFTSVs using complete genomic sequences. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDING We collected the complete genome sequences of SFTSVs globally isolated until 2019 (L segment, n = 307; M segment, n = 326; and S segment, n = 564) and evaluated the evolutionary profiles of SFTSVs based on phylogenetic and molecular selection pressure analyses. By employing a time-scaled Bayesian inference method, we found the geographical heterogeneity of dominant SFTSV genotypes in China, Japan, and South Korea around several centuries before and locally spread by tick-born spillover with infrequent long-distance transmission. Purifying selection predominated the molecular evolution of SFTSVs with limited gene reassortment and fixed substitution, but almost all three gene segments appeared to harbor at least one amino acid residue under positive selection. Specifically, the nonstructural protein and glycoprotein (Gn/Gc) genes were preferential selective targets, and the Gn region retained the highest number of positively selected residues. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Here, the large-scale genomic analyses of SFTSVs improved prior knowledge of how this virus emerged and evolved in China, Japan, and South Korea. Our results highlight the importance of SFTSV surveillance in both human and non-human reservoirs at the molecular level to fight against fatal human infection with the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuyoung Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyeon Seok
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunbeen Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejik Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyun Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Bae
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongseok Jeon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Laboratory for Vector Borne Disease, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Rae Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Taek Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Hwa Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kisoon Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Biosafety Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Il Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Biosafety Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ren YT, Tian HP, Xu JL, Liu MQ, Cai K, Chen SL, Ni XB, Li YR, Hou W, Chen LJ. Extensive genetic diversity of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus circulating in Hubei Province, China, 2018-2022. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011654. [PMID: 37721962 PMCID: PMC10538666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), an etiological agent causing febrile human disease was identified as an emerging tick-borne bunyavirus. The clinical disease characteristics and case fatality rates of SFTSV may vary across distinct regions and among different variant genotypes. From 2018 to 2022, we surveyed and recruited 202 severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) patients in Hubei Province, a high-incidence area of the epidemic, and conducted timely and systematic research on the disease characteristics, SFTSV diversity, and the correlation between virus genome variation and clinical diseases. Our study identified at least 6 genotypes of SFTSV prevalent in Hubei Province based on the analysis of the S, M, and L genome sequences of 88 virus strains. Strikingly, the dominant genotype of SFTSV was found to change during the years, indicating a dynamic shift in viral genetic diversity in the region. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the genetic exchange of Hubei SFTSV strains was relatively frequent, including 3 reassortment strains and 8 recombination strains. Despite the limited sample size, SFTSV C1 genotype may be associated with higher mortality compared to the other four genotypes, and the serum amyloid A (SAA) level, an inflammatory biomarker, was significantly elevated in these patients. Overall, our data summarize the disease characteristics of SFTSV in Hubei Province, highlight the profound changes in viral genetic diversity, and indicate the need for in-depth monitoring and exploration of the relationship between viral mutations and disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-ting Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Virology/Department of Laboratory Medicine/Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Zhongnan Hospital/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-pan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Virology/Department of Laboratory Medicine/Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Zhongnan Hospital/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-le Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology/Department of Laboratory Medicine/Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Zhongnan Hospital/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Man-qing Liu
- Division of Virology, Wuhan Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Cai
- Institute of Health Inspection and Testing, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu-liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology/Department of Laboratory Medicine/Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Zhongnan Hospital/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue-bing Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yi-rong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology/Department of Laboratory Medicine/Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Zhongnan Hospital/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology/Department of Laboratory Medicine/Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Zhongnan Hospital/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang-jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology/Department of Laboratory Medicine/Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Zhongnan Hospital/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Liu T, Zhang N, Li H, Hou S, Liu X. Analysis of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome cluster in east China. Virol J 2023; 20:199. [PMID: 37658435 PMCID: PMC10474674 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02155-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a common tick-borne, natural focal disease. SFTS virus (SFTSV) transmission can occur between family members through close contact with an infected patient. In this study, we explored the possible transmission route of an outbreak cluster in east China. METHOD A case-control study was carried out to analyze the potential risk factors for person-to-person transmission. Bunia virus was detected by IgM antibody, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Chi-square, univariate, and multivariate analyses were performed to calculate the association of possible risk factors for SFTSV transmission. RESULTS Two patients had a clear history of blood and aerosols contact, and one may be exposed to aerosols in a closed environment. Five close contacts of the Index patient were IgM-positive and three were IgM and SFTSV RNA positive. Exposure to a poorly ventilated space where the corpse was stored (χ2 = 5.49, P = 0.019) and contact with the Index patient's contaminated items (χ2 = 15.77, P < 0.001) significantly associated with SFTSV infection. CONCLUSION We suspect that the cluster outbreak was possibly a person-to-person transmission of SFTSV, which may have been transmitted by directly contacting with blood of SFTS patient. The propagation of aerosols in closed environments is also an undeniable transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Yantai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 17 Fuhou Rd, Laishan District, Yantai, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Yantai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 17 Fuhou Rd, Laishan District, Yantai, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Haiwen Li
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Zhaoyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yantai, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Shuting Hou
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Yantai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 17 Fuhou Rd, Laishan District, Yantai, Shandong Province, P. R. China.
| | - Xiuwei Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Yantai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 17 Fuhou Rd, Laishan District, Yantai, Shandong Province, P. R. China.
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Qian J, Fu L, Wu X, Wang Z, Wang H, Zeng Y, Cheng G, Deng F, Shen S. Developing and characterizing monoclonal antibodies of Guertu bandavirus nucleoprotein for developing methods of Guertu bandavirus and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus detection. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1433-1445. [PMID: 37225938 PMCID: PMC10485201 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00982-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Belonging to genus Bandavirus in Phenuiviridae family, Guertu bandavirus (GTV) is a potential pathogen closely related to severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) and heartland virus (HRTV) associated with human diseases. Although the medical significance of GTV is not clear, there was serological evidence suggesting past infection with this virus has occurred, indicating its potential threat to human health. So, it is important to prepare for detection of GTV infection so as to control virus transmission and promote disease diagnosis and treatment. This study is aimed at obtaining monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against GTV nucleoprotein (NP) and evaluating their activities in recognizing viral antigens from genetic-related bandaviruses, SFTSV and HRTV. Eight mAbs were obtained and four of them (22G1, 25C2, 25E2, and 26F8) recognize linear epitopes of GTV NP. The four mAbs showed cross-reactivity to SFTSV but were unable to react with HRTV. Two fine epitopes were identified by the four mAbs, ENP1 (194YNSFRDPLHAAV205) and ENP2 (226GPDGLP231), which are highly conserved in the NPs of GTV and SFTSV but are distinct in HRTV NP. The features of epitopes, including their hydrophilicity, antibody accessibility, flexibility, antigenicity, and spatial locations, were predicted and analyzed, and their potential functional impacts on virus infection and replication and their use for virus detection were discussed. Our results promote the understanding of the molecular basis of GTV and SFTSV NP in inducing antibody responses. The NP-specific mAbs generated in this study are promising fundamental materials for developing viral antigen detection methods for GTV and SFTSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Qian
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Liyan Fu
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhiying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hualin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Guirong Cheng
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Fei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Shu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, 430200, China.
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Kim JY, Yoo JR, Kim M, Oh H, Heo ST. Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome at Tertiary Hospital in Jeju for 10 years. Infect Chemother 2023; 55:377-387. [PMID: 37503779 PMCID: PMC10551713 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2023.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), which was first discovered in China in 2009, is an infectious disease with a high mortality rate, particularly in East Asia. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality by analyzing SFTS cases accumulated for up to ten years in Jeju, Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records of patients diagnosed with SFTS between March 2013 and August 2022 at a tertiary hospital in Jeju were analyzed retrospectively. We investigated data of patients with SFTS on the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, and administered treatments and compared the differences between fatal and non-fatal groups. RESULTS We enrolled 91 SFTS-confirmed patients. The median age of patients was 62 years, and the fatality rate increased with age (P = 0.004). Fever was the most common symptom (84.6%), and diarrhea (37.4%) was also present in some cases. The overall fatality rate was 10.9%. Dyspnea (20.0% vs. 0.0%, P = 0.009) and changes in mental status (70.0% vs. 11.0%, P <0.001) were more frequent in fatal cases. Risk factor assessment revealed that a high aspartate aminotransferase /alanine aminotransferase ratio (odds ratio [OR]: 39.568, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.479 - 1,058.639, P = 0.028) and elevated total bilirubin levels (OR: 53.037, 95% CI: 1.064 - 2,643.142, P = 0.046) were also significantly associated with fatal cases. Plasma exchange (40.7%) was the most commonly administered treatment. CONCLUSION SFTS has a high mortality rate; therefore, awareness of SFTS must be raised among physicians and citizens living in tick-inhabited areas, such as Jeju.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yeon Kim
- College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jeong Rae Yoo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
| | - Misun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Andong Hospital, Andong, Korea
| | - Sang Taek Heo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea.
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Li YH, Wang XH, Huang WW, Tian RR, Pang W, Zheng YT. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus induces platelet activation and apoptosis via a reactive oxygen species-dependent pathway. Redox Biol 2023; 65:102837. [PMID: 37544244 PMCID: PMC10428115 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne infectious disease caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV) and with a high fatality rate. Thrombocytopenia is a major clinical manifestation observed in SFTS patients, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we explored the effects of SFTSV infection on platelet function in vivo in severely infected SFTSV IFNar-/- mice and on mouse and human platelet function in vitro. Results showed that SFTSV-induced platelet clearance acceleration may be the main reason for thrombocytopenia. SFTSV-potentiated platelet activation and apoptosis were also observed in infected mice. Further investigation showed that SFTSV infection induced platelet reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial dysfunction. In vitro experiments revealed that administration of SFTSV or SFTSV glycoprotein (Gn) increased activation, apoptosis, ROS production, and mitochondrial dysfunction in separated mouse platelets, which could be effectively ameliorated by the application of antioxidants (NAC (N-acetyl-l-cysteine), SKQ1 (10-(6'-plastoquinonyl) decyltriphenylphosphonium) and resveratrol). In vivo experiments showed that the antioxidants partially rescued SFTSV infection-induced thrombocytopenia by improving excessive ROS production and mitochondrial dysfunction and down-regulating platelet apoptosis and activation. Furthermore, while SFTSV and Gn directly potentiated human platelet activation, it was completely abolished by antioxidants. This study revealed that SFTSV and Gn can directly trigger platelet activation and apoptosis in an ROS-MAPK-dependent manner, which may contribute to thrombocytopenia and hemorrhage during infection, but can be abolished by antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xue-Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China; Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Wen-Wu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China; Office of Science and Technology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Ren-Rong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Wei Pang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China.
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50
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Liu T, Li J, Wang X, Huang T, Wu W, Li A, Li C, Huang X, Wang Q, Li D, Wang S, Liang M. Knockout of CLTC gene reduces but not completely block SFTSV infection. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285673. [PMID: 37624798 PMCID: PMC10456188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Clathrin is a key protein for viruses to enter host cells. Previous studies often use clathrin inhibitors or gene knockdown technology to partially inhibit the function of clathrin, but whether SFTSV can infect host cells without clathrin expression remains unclear. In this research, a clathrin heavy chains (CLTC) knockout A549 cell line was established by CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and the knockout of CLTC was verified by PCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence and T7E1 analysis. The off-target effect was evaluated by PCR combined with Sanger sequencing. Furthermore, this research verified that SFTSV infection was significantly inhibited, but not completely blocked, due to the deletion of CLTC protein. Our research also found that lipid raft inhibitor Filipin, other than macropinocytosis inhibitor EIPA, could significantly reduce SFTSV infection, and the inhibition was more obviously observed when Filipin was used in CLTC knockout cells. These result indicated that clathrin-dependent and lipid raft mediated endocytosis are the major two mode used by SFTSV entry. In conclusion, this study constructed a CLTC knockout cell line, which, for the first time, established a cell model for the study of the function of CLTC protein, and provided direct evidence that SFTSV pendent could still infect cells without clathrin. Additionally, we confirmed that lipid raft mediated endocytosis, as a clathrin-independent pathway, could be another key mode for SFTSV entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiezhu Liu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xueqi Wang
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Huang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Aqian Li
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Li
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Huang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dexin Li
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shiwen Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Mifang Liang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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