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Pittman JK, Hirschi KD. CAX control: multiple roles of vacuolar cation/H + exchangers in metal tolerance, mineral nutrition and environmental signalling. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024. [PMID: 39030923 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Plant vacuolar transporters, particularly CAX (Cation/H+ Exchangers) responsible for Ca2+/H+ exchange on the vacuole tonoplast, play a central role in governing cellular pH, ion balance, nutrient storage, metal accumulation, and stress responses. Furthermore, CAX variants have been employed to enhance the calcium content of crops, contributing to biofortification efforts. Recent research has uncovered the broader significance of these transporters in plant signal transduction and element partitioning. The use of genetically encoded Ca2+ sensors has begun to highlight the crucial role of CAX isoforms in generating cytosolic Ca2+ signals, underscoring their function as pivotal hubs in diverse environmental and developmental signalling networks. Interestingly, it has been observed that the loss of CAX function can be advantageous in specific stress conditions, both for biotic and abiotic stressors. Determining the optimal timing and approach for modulating the expression of CAX is a critical concern. In the future, strategically manipulating the temporal loss of CAX function in agriculturally important crops holds promise to bolster plant immunity, enhance cold tolerance, and fortify resilience against one of agriculture's most significant challenges, namely flooding.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Pittman
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - K D Hirschi
- Children's Nutrition Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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2
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Xiao H, Verboven P, Tong S, Pedersen O, Nicolaï B. Hypoxia in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit during ripening: Biophysical elucidation by a 3D reaction-diffusion model. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1893-1905. [PMID: 38546393 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Respiration provides energy, substrates, and precursors to support physiological changes of the fruit during climacteric ripening. A key substrate of respiration is oxygen that needs to be supplied to the fruit in a passive way by gas transfer from the environment. Oxygen gradients may develop within the fruit due to its bulky size and the dense fruit tissues, potentially creating hypoxia that may have a role in the spatial development of ripening. This study presents a 3D reaction-diffusion model using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit as a test subject, combining the multiscale fruit geometry generated from magnetic resonance imaging and microcomputed tomography with varying respiration kinetics and contrasting boundary resistances obtained through independent experiments. The model predicted low oxygen levels in locular tissue under atmospheric conditions, and the oxygen level was markedly lower upon scar occlusion, aligning with microsensor profiling results. The locular region was in a hypoxic state, leading to its low aerobic respiration with high CO2 accumulation by fermentative respiration, while the rest of the tissues remained well oxygenated. The model further revealed that the hypoxia is caused by a combination of diffusion resistances and respiration rates of the tissue. Collectively, this study reveals the existence of the respiratory gas gradients and its biophysical causes during tomato fruit ripening, providing richer information for future studies on localized endogenous ethylene biosynthesis and fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xiao
- BIOSYST-MeBioS, KU Leuven, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
| | | | - Shuai Tong
- Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Ole Pedersen
- Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Bart Nicolaï
- BIOSYST-MeBioS, KU Leuven, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
- Flanders Centre of Postharvest Technology (VCBT), Leuven B-3001, Belgium
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3
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Vuerich M, Cingano P, Trotta G, Petrussa E, Braidot E, Scarpin D, Bezzi A, Mestroni M, Pellegrini E, Boscutti F. New perspective for the upscaling of plant functional response to flooding stress in salt marshes using remote sensing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5472. [PMID: 38443548 PMCID: PMC10914724 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56165-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the response of salt marshes to flooding is crucial to foresee the fate of these fragile ecosystems, requiring an upscaling approach. In this study we related plant species and community response to multispectral indices aiming at parsing the power of remote sensing to detect the environmental stress due to flooding in lagoon salt marshes. We studied the response of Salicornia fruticosa (L.) L. and associated plant community along a flooding and soil texture gradient in nine lagoon salt marshes in northern Italy. We considered community (i.e., species richness, dry biomass, plant height, dry matter content) and individual traits (i.e., annual growth, pigments, and secondary metabolites) to analyze the effect of flooding depth and its interplay with soil properties. We also carried out a drone multispectral survey, to obtain remote sensing-derived vegetation indices for the upscaling of plant responses to flooding. Plant diversity, biomass and growth all declined as inundation depth increased. The increase of soil clay content exacerbated flooding stress shaping S. fruticosa growth and physiological responses. Multispectral indices were negatively related with flooding depth. We found key species traits rather than other community traits to better explain the variance of multispectral indices. In particular stem length and pigment content (i.e., betacyanin, carotenoids) were more effective than other community traits to predict the spectral indices in an upscaling perspective of salt marsh response to flooding. We proved multispectral indices to potentially capture plant growth and plant eco-physiological responses to flooding at the large scale. These results represent a first fundamental step to establish long term spatial monitoring of marsh acclimation to sea level rise with remote sensing. We further stressed the importance to focus on key species traits as mediators of the entire ecosystem changes, in an ecological upscaling perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vuerich
- DI4A Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy.
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Paolo Cingano
- DI4A Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (DSV), University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giacomo Trotta
- DI4A Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (DSV), University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Elisa Petrussa
- DI4A Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Enrico Braidot
- DI4A Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Dora Scarpin
- DI4A Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Annelore Bezzi
- Department of Mathematics and Geosciences, University of Trieste, 34128, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Mestroni
- Agricoltura Innovativa Mestroni, 33036, Mereto di Tomba, UD, Italy
| | - Elisa Pellegrini
- DI4A Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Francesco Boscutti
- DI4A Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133, Palermo, Italy
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Inoue T, Kohzu A, Akaji Y, Miura S, Baba S. Diazotrophic nitrogen fixation through aerial roots occurs in Avicennia marina: implications for adaptation of mangrove plant growth to low-nitrogen tidal flats. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1464-1475. [PMID: 38013587 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen limitation of primary production is common in coastal ecosystems. Mangrove trees maintain high levels of nitrogen fixation around their roots. The interior aerial space of mangrove roots, in which atmospheric gas is supplied through lenticels, could be efficient sites for nitrogen fixation. We measured tidal variations of partial pressure of N2 in root aerenchyma and conducted field experiments using 15 N2 as a tracer to track N2 movement through aerial roots of Avicennia marina. We used the acetylene reduction assay to identify the root parts harboring diazotrophs. The nitrogenase activity and estimated nitrogen fixation through aerenchyma were higher in pneumatophores and absorbing roots than in cable roots. Positive correlations between root nitrogen contents and turnover rates of root nitrogen derived from N2 through aerenchyma suggested that the internal supply of N2 to diazotrophs could be the main source for nitrogen assimilation by A. marina roots. Our results confirmed that N2 is supplied to diazotrophs through aerial roots and that nitrogen fixation occurs in A. marina roots. The aerial root structures, which occur across families of mangrove plants, could be an adaptation to survival in not only low-oxygen environments but also tidal flats with little plant-available nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Inoue
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Ayato Kohzu
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Akaji
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Shingo Miura
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Baba
- International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0129, Japan
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Lavilla-Puerta M, Latter R, Bellè F, Cervelli T, Galli A, Perata P, Chini A, Flashman E, Giuntoli B. Identification of novel plant cysteine oxidase inhibitors from a yeast chemical genetic screen. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105366. [PMID: 37863264 PMCID: PMC10692734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic responses in plants involve Plant Cysteine Oxidases (PCOs). They catalyze the N-terminal cysteine oxidation of Ethylene Response Factors VII (ERF-VII) in an oxygen-dependent manner, leading to their degradation via the cysteine N-degron pathway (Cys-NDP) in normoxia. In hypoxia, PCO activity drops, leading to the stabilization of ERF-VIIs and subsequent hypoxic gene upregulation. Thus far, no chemicals have been described to specifically inhibit PCO enzymes. In this work, we devised an in vivo pipeline to discover Cys-NDP effector molecules. Budding yeast expressing AtPCO4 and plant-based ERF-VII reporters was deployed to screen a library of natural-like chemical scaffolds and was further combined with an Arabidopsis Cys-NDP reporter line. This strategy allowed us to identify three PCO inhibitors, two of which were shown to affect PCO activity in vitro. Application of these molecules to Arabidopsis seedlings led to an increase in ERF-VII stability, induction of anaerobic gene expression, and improvement of tolerance to anoxia. By combining a high-throughput heterologous platform and the plant model Arabidopsis, our synthetic pipeline provides a versatile system to study how the Cys-NDP is modulated. Its first application here led to the discovery of at least two hypoxia-mimicking molecules with the potential to impact plant tolerance to low oxygen stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Latter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Chini
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Beatrice Giuntoli
- Plantlab, Center of Plant Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy; Biology Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Chi HY, Ou SL, Wang MC, Yang CY. Physiological responses and Ethylene-Response AP2/ERF Factor expression in Indica rice seedlings subjected to submergence and osmotic stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:372. [PMID: 37501108 PMCID: PMC10373351 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04380-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increased frequency of heavy rains in recent years has led to submergence stress in rice paddies, severely affecting rice production. Submergence causes not only hypoxic stress from excess water in the surrounding environment but also osmotic stress in plant cells. We assessed physiological responses and Ethylene-Response AP2/ERF Factor regulation under submergence conditions alone and with ionic or nonionic osmotic stress in submergence-sensitive IR64 and submergence-tolerant IR64-Sub1 Indica rice cultivars. RESULTS Our results indicate that both IR64 and IR64-Sub1 exhibited shorter plant heights and root lengths under submergence with nonionic osmotic stress than normal condition and submergence alone. IR64-Sub1 seedlings exhibited a significantly lower plant height under submergence conditions alone and with ionic or nonionic osmotic stress than IR64 cultivars. IR64-Sub1 seedlings also presented lower malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and higher survival rates than did IR64 seedlings after submergence with ionic or nonionic osmotic stress treatment. Sub1A-1 affects reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activity in rice. The results also show that hypoxia-inducible ethylene response factors (ERF)-VII group and alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (ADH1) and lactate dehydrogenase 1 (LDH1) genes exhibited different expression levels under nonionic or ionic osmotic stress during submergence on rice. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results demonstrate that complex regulatory mechanisms are involved in responses to the aforementioned forms of stress and offer new insights into the effects of submergence and osmotic stress on rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yu Chi
- International Master Program of Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Ling Ou
- Department of Agronomy, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Chang Wang
- Department of Accounting, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, 111, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Ying Yang
- Department of Agronomy, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
- Smart Sustainable New Agriculture Research Center (SMARTer), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
- Advanced Plant and Food Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
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Yang X, Jiang Z, He J, Shen L. iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomics Unveils Protein Dynamics in the Root of Solanum melongena L. under Waterlogging Stress Conditions. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1399. [PMID: 37374181 DOI: 10.3390/life13061399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Waterlogging poses significant abiotic stress that endangers the survival of plants, including crops. In response, plants dramatically change their physiology to enhance their tolerance to waterlogging, such as proteome reconfiguration. Here, we utilized isobaric tags for the relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based protein labeling technique to examine the proteomic changes induced by waterlogging in the roots of Solanum melongena L., a solanaceous plant. The plants were subjected to 6, 12, and 24 h of waterlogging stress at the flowering stage. Of the 4074 identified proteins, compared to the control, the abundance of the proteins increased and decreased in 165 and 78 proteins, respectively, in 6 h of treatments; 219 and 89 proteins, respectively, in 12 h of treatments; and 126 and 127 proteins, respectively, in 24 h of treatments. The majority of these differentially regulated proteins participated in processes such as energy metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, signal transduction, and nitrogen metabolism. Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase and three alcohol dehydrogenase genes, in particular, were up- or down-regulated in waterlogging-treated Solanum melongena roots, suggesting that some proteins related to anaerobic metabolism (glycolysis and fermentation) may play vital roles in protecting its roots from waterlogging stress to enable long-term survival. Overall, this research not only offers a comprehensive dataset of protein alterations in waterlogged Solanum melongena roots but also insights into the mechanisms by which solanaceous plants adapt to waterlogging stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jie He
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lei Shen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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8
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Lin C, Ogorek LLP, Liu D, Pedersen O, Sauter M. A quantitative trait locus conferring flood tolerance to deepwater rice regulates the formation of two distinct types of aquatic adventitious roots. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:1403-1419. [PMID: 36519256 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A key trait conferring flood tolerance is the ability to grow adventitious roots as a response to submergence. The genetic traits of deepwater rice determining the development and characteristics of aquatic adventitious roots (AAR) had not been evaluated. We used near-isogenic lines introgressed to test the hypothesis that the impressive shoot elongation ability of deepwater rice linked to quantitative trait loci 1 and 12 also promote the development of AAR. The deepwater rice genotype NIL-12 possessed expanded regions at the stem nodes where numerous AAR developed as a response to submergence. Two types (AR1 and AR2) of roots with distinct timing of emergence and large differences in morphological and anatomical traits formed within 3 (AR1) to 7 (AR2) d of submergence. The mechanical impedance provided by the leaf sheath caused AR2 to emerge later promoting thicker roots, higher elongation capacity and higher desiccation tolerance. Upregulation of key genes suggests a joint contribution in activating the meristem in AAR enhancing the development of these in response to submergence. The morphological and anatomical traits suggested that AR2 is better adapted to long-term flooding than AR1. We therefore propose that AR2 in deepwater rice functions as an evolutionary defence strategy to tackle periodic submergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Plant Developmental Biology and Plant Physiology, University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 5, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lucas León Peralta Ogorek
- Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 3rd floor, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dan Liu
- Plant Developmental Biology and Plant Physiology, University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 5, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ole Pedersen
- Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 3rd floor, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Margret Sauter
- Plant Developmental Biology and Plant Physiology, University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 5, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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Gómez-Álvarez EM, Tondelli A, Nghi KN, Voloboeva V, Giordano G, Valè G, Perata P, Pucciariello C. Barley's inability to germinate after submergence depends on hypoxia-induced secondary dormancy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023:erad151. [PMID: 37100757 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change has dramatically increased flooding events, which have a strong impact on crop production. Barley is one of the most important cereals and its cultivation includes a broad range of different environments. We tested the capacity to germinate of a large barley panel after a short period of submergence followed by a recovery phase. We demonstrated that sensitive barley varieties activate underwater secondary dormancy because of a lower permeability to oxygen dissolved in water. In sensitive barley accessions, secondary dormancy is removed by nitric oxide donors. Our genome wide association study results uncovered a laccase gene located in a region of significant marker-trait association that is differently regulated during grain development and plays a key role in this process. We believe that our findings will help to improve the genetics of barley thereby increasing the capacity of seeds to germinate after a short period of flooding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Tondelli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy
| | - Khac Nhu Nghi
- Center of Plant Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Current Biotechnology Center, Tra Vinh University, Tra Vinh Province, Vietnam
| | | | - Guido Giordano
- Center of Plant Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giampiero Valè
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Pucciariello
- Center of Plant Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- nanoPlant Center @NEST, Center of Plant Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
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Piro A, Mazzuca S, Phandee S, Jenke M, Buapet P. Physiology and proteomics analyses reveal the response mechanisms of Rhizophora mucronata seedlings to prolonged complete submergence. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:420-432. [PMID: 36689309 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove seedlings are subject to natural tidal inundation, while occasional flooding may lead to complete submergence. Complete submergence reduces light availability and limits gas exchange, affecting several plant metabolic processes. The present study focuses on Rhizophora mucronata, a common mangrove species found along the coasts of Thailand and the Malay Peninsula. To reveal response mechanisms of R. mucronata seedlings to submergence, a physiological investigation coupled with proteomic analyses of leaf and root tissues was carried out in plants subjected to 20 days of control (drained) or submerged conditions. Submerged seedlings showed decreased photosynthetic activity, lower stomatal conductance, higher total antioxidant capacity in leaves and higher lipid peroxidation in roots than control plants. At the same time, tissue nutrient ion content displayed organ-specific responses. Proteome analysis revealed a significant change in 240 proteins in the leaves and 212 proteins in the roots. In leaves, most differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) are associated with nucleic acids, stress response, protein transport, signal transduction, development and photosynthesis. In roots, most DAPs are associated with protein metabolic process, response to abiotic stimulus, nucleic acid metabolism and transport. Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of submergence responses in R. mucronata seedlings. The results suggest that submergence induced multifaceted stresses related to light limitation, oxidative stress and osmotic stress, but the responses are organ specific. The results revealed many candidate proteins which may be essential for survival of R. mucronata under prolonged submergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Piro
- Laboratorio di Biologia e Proteomica Vegetale (La.Bio.Pro.Ve.), Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - S Mazzuca
- Laboratorio di Biologia e Proteomica Vegetale (La.Bio.Pro.Ve.), Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - S Phandee
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand
- Coastal Oceanography and Climate Change Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - M Jenke
- Special Research Unit for Mangrove Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - P Buapet
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand
- Coastal Oceanography and Climate Change Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand
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11
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Zhang R, Xuan L, Ni L, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Yin Y, Hua J. ADH Gene Cloning and Identification of Flooding-Responsive Genes in Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:678. [PMID: 36771761 PMCID: PMC9919530 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As a flooding-tolerant tree species, Taxodium distichum has been utilized in afforestation projects and proven to have important value in flooding areas. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), which participates in ethanol fermentation, is essential for tolerance to the anaerobic conditions caused by flooding. In a comprehensive analysis of the ADH gene family in T. distichum, TdADHs were cloned on the basis of whole-genome sequencing, and then bioinformatic analysis, subcellular localization, and gene expression level analysis under flooding were conducted. The results show that the putative protein sequences of 15 cloned genes contained seven TdADHs and eight TdADH-like genes (one Class III ADH included) that were divided into five clades. All the sequences had an ADH_N domain, and except for TdADH-likeE2, all the other genes had an ADH_zinc_N domain. Moreover, the TdADHs in clades A, B, C, and D had a similar motif composition. Additionally, the number of TdADH amino acids ranged from 277 to 403, with an average of 370.13. Subcellular localization showed that, except for TdADH-likeD3, which was not expressed in the nucleus, the other genes were predominantly expressed in both the nucleus and cytosol. TdADH-likeC2 was significantly upregulated in all three organs (roots, stems, and leaves), and TdADHA3 was also highly upregulated under 24 h flooding treatment; the two genes might play key roles in ethanol fermentation and flooding tolerance. These findings offer a comprehensive understanding of TdADHs and could provide a foundation for the molecular breeding of T. distichum and current research on the molecular mechanisms driving flooding tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Lei Xuan
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Longjie Ni
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhiquan Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yunlong Yin
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jianfeng Hua
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
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12
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Yang J, Mathew IE, Rhein H, Barker R, Guo Q, Brunello L, Loreti E, Barkla BJ, Gilroy S, Perata P, Hirschi KD. The vacuolar H+/Ca transporter CAX1 participates in submergence and anoxia stress responses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:2617-2636. [PMID: 35972350 PMCID: PMC9706465 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A plant's oxygen supply can vary from normal (normoxia) to total depletion (anoxia). Tolerance to anoxia is relevant to wetland species, rice (Oryza sativa) cultivation, and submergence tolerance of crops. Decoding and transmitting calcium (Ca) signals may be an important component to anoxia tolerance; however, the contribution of intracellular Ca transporters to this process is poorly understood. Four functional cation/proton exchangers (CAX1-4) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) help regulate Ca homeostasis around the vacuole. Our results demonstrate that cax1 mutants are more tolerant to both anoxic conditions and submergence. Using phenotypic measurements, RNA-sequencing, and proteomic approaches, we identified cax1-mediated anoxia changes that phenocopy changes present in anoxia-tolerant crops: altered metabolic processes, diminished reactive oxygen species production post anoxia, and altered hormone signaling. Comparing wild-type and cax1 expressing genetically encoded Ca indicators demonstrated altered cytosolic Ca signals in cax1 during reoxygenation. Anoxia-induced Ca signals around the plant vacuole are involved in the control of numerous signaling events related to adaptation to low oxygen stress. This work suggests that cax1 anoxia response pathway could be engineered to circumvent the adverse effects of flooding that impair production agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Pediatrics-Nutrition, Children’s Nutrition Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Iny Elizebeth Mathew
- Pediatrics-Nutrition, Children’s Nutrition Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Hormat Rhein
- Pediatrics-Nutrition, Children’s Nutrition Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Richard Barker
- Department of Botany, Birge Hall, University of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Qi Guo
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Luca Brunello
- Plant Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, San Giuliano Terme, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Loreti
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Bronwyn J Barkla
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simon Gilroy
- Department of Botany, Birge Hall, University of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Pierdomenico Perata
- Plant Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, San Giuliano Terme, Pisa, Italy
| | - Kendal D Hirschi
- Pediatrics-Nutrition, Children’s Nutrition Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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13
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Stasnik P, Großkinsky DK, Jonak C. Physiological and phenotypic characterization of diverse Camelina sativa lines in response to waterlogging. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 183:120-127. [PMID: 35580367 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Waterlogging is a serious threat to agriculture that is expected to become more common due to climate change. It is well established that many plants are susceptible to waterlogging, including crops such as rapeseed. To investigate the responses and tolerance to waterlogging of the re-emerging oilseed crop camelina (Camelina sativa), camelina lines of different geographical origins were subjected to waterlogging. Camelina was very sensitive to waterlogging at vegetative growth stages, with a relatively short treatment of 4 days proving lethal for the plants. A treatment duration of 2 days resulted in growth inhibition and lower yields and was used to study the response of 8 different camelina lines to waterlogging at two different vegetative growth stages before bolting. Generally, younger plants (7-9 leaves) were more sensitive than older plants (15-16 leaves). In addition to morphological and agronomic traits, plants were phenotyped for physiological parameters such as chlorophyll content index and total antioxidant capacity of the leaves, which showed significant age-dependent changes due to waterlogging. These results underpin that waterlogging during the vegetative phase is a serious threat to camelina, which needs to be addressed by identifying and establishing tolerance to excess water to harness camelina's potential as a climate-smart crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Stasnik
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Health and Bioresources, Bioresources Unit, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln a. d. Donau, Austria
| | - Dominik K Großkinsky
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Health and Bioresources, Bioresources Unit, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln a. d. Donau, Austria.
| | - Claudia Jonak
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Health and Bioresources, Bioresources Unit, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln a. d. Donau, Austria.
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14
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Jing S, Zhang X, Niu H, Lin F, Ayi Q, Wan B, Ren X, Su X, Shi S, Liu S, Zeng B. Differential Growth Responses of Alternanthera philoxeroides as Affected by Submergence Depths. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:883800. [PMID: 35720589 PMCID: PMC9201830 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.883800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change has resulted in an increase in intensity and frequency of flooding, plants living in lowlands, and shore areas have to confront submergence caused by flooding, submergence-tolerant plants usually respond by adopting either escape or quiescence strategies. While certain plants exhibit a changeover from escape strategy upon partial submergence to quiescence strategy under complete shallow submergence, it remains unknown whether plants completely submerged at different water depths would adjust their strategies to cope with the change in submergence depth. Alternanthera philoxeroides is an ideal species to explore this adjustment as it is widely distributed in flood-disturbed habitats and exhibits an escape strategy when completely submerged in shallow waters. We investigated the responses of A. philoxeroides in terms of morphology, anatomy, and non-structural carbohydrate metabolism by conducting experiments using a series of submergence depths (0, 2, 5, and 9 m). During the submergence treatment, environmental factors such as light, dissolved oxygen, and temperature for submerged plants were kept constant. The results showed that A. philoxeroides plants submerged at depth of 2 m presented an escape strategy via fast stem elongation, extensive pith cavity development, and small biomass loss. However, the retarded stem elongation, reduced pith cavity transverse area, and increased biomass loss along the water depth gradient indicated that A. philoxeroides altered its growth response as water depth increased from 2 to 9 m. It is found that the changeover of response strategies occurred at higher submergence depths (5-9 m). Based on the results of our experiments, we demonstrated that water depth played an important role in driving the change in strategy. The water-depth-dependent growth performance of A. philoxeroides would benefit the species in habit exploration and exploitation. Further studies should focus on the performances of plants when submerged at varied water depths with different light climates and dissolved oxygen content, and how water depths drive the response behaviors of the submerged plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Jing
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- School of Art and Design, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hangang Niu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiaoli Ayi
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Binna Wan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyi Ren
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaolei Su
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaohua Shi
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Songping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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15
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Raineri J, Caraballo L, Rigalli N, Portapila M, Otegui ME, Chan RL. Expressing the sunflower transcription factor HaHB11 in maize improves waterlogging and defoliation tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:230-247. [PMID: 35148415 PMCID: PMC9070847 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The sunflower (Helianthus annuus) transcription factor HaHB11 (H. annuus Homeobox 11) belongs to the homeodomain-leucine zipper family and confers improved yield to maize (Zea mays) hybrids (HiII × B73) and lines. Here we report that transgenic maize lines expressing HaHB11 exhibited better performance under waterlogging, both in greenhouse and field trials carried out during three growth cycles. Transgenic plants had increased chlorophyll content, wider stems, more nodal roots, greater total aerial biomass, a higher harvest index, and increased plant grain yield. Under severe defoliation caused by a windstorm during flowering, transgenic genotypes were able to set more grains than controls. This response was confirmed in controlled defoliation assays. Hybrids generated by crossing B73 HaHB11 lines with the contrasting Mo17 lines were also tested in the field and exhibited the same beneficial traits as the parental lines, compared with their respective controls. Moreover, they were less penalized by stress than commercial hybrids. Waterlogging tolerance increased via improvement of the root system, including more xylem vessels, reduced tissue damage, less superoxide accumulation, and altered carbohydrate metabolism. Multivariate analyses corroborated the robustness of the differential traits observed. Furthermore, canopy spectral reflectance data, computing 29 vegetation indices associated with biomass, chlorophyll, and abiotic stress, helped to distinguish genotypes as well as their growing conditions. Altogether the results reported here indicate that this sunflower gene constitutes a suitable tool to improve maize plants for environments prone to waterlogging and/or wind defoliation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicolás Rigalli
- CIFASIS, Universidad Nacional de Rosario—CONICET, Santa Fe 2000, Argentina
| | | | - María Elena Otegui
- Facultad de Agronomía, CONICET-INTA-FAUBA, Estación experimental Pergamino, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
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16
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Hypoxia-Induced Aquaporins and Regulation of Redox Homeostasis by a Trans-Plasma Membrane Electron Transport System in Maize Roots. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050836. [PMID: 35624700 PMCID: PMC9137787 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants, flooding-induced oxygen deficiency causes severe stress, leading to growth reduction and yield loss. It is therefore important to understand the molecular mechanisms for adaptation to hypoxia. Aquaporins at the plasma membrane play a crucial role in water uptake. However, their role during hypoxia and membrane redox changes is still not fully understood. The influence of 24 h hypoxia induction on hydroponically grown maize (Zea mays L.) was investigated using an oil-based setup. Analyses of physiological parameters revealed typical flooding symptoms such as increased ethylene and H2O2 levels, an increased alcohol dehydrogenase activity, and an increased redox activity at the plasma membrane along with decreased oxygen of the medium. Transcriptomic analysis and shotgun proteomics of plasma membranes and soluble fractions were performed to determine alterations in maize roots. RNA-sequencing data confirmed the upregulation of genes involved in anaerobic metabolism, biosynthesis of the phytohormone ethylene, and its receptors. Transcripts of several antioxidative systems and other oxidoreductases were regulated. Mass spectrometry analysis of the plasma membrane proteome revealed alterations in redox systems and an increased abundance of aquaporins. Here, we discuss the importance of plasma membrane aquaporins and redox systems in hypoxia stress response, including the regulation of plant growth and redox homeostasis.
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17
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Liu C, Zeng Y, Su Z, Zhou D. Physiological Responses of Typical Wetland Plants Following Flooding Process—From an Eco-Hydrological Model Perspective. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.721244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobics increase resistance to gas transport and microbial activity in flooded soils. This may result in the presence of aerenchyma in the roots of some wetland plants. Increased aerenchyma airspaces enable oxygen to be transported from the above-ground plant parts to the submerged roots and rhizosphere. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of studies linking field experiments and eco-hydrological modeling to the parameterization of the physiological responses of typical wetland plant species to natural flooding events. Furthermore, from the modeling perspective, the contribution of aerenchyma was not sufficiently considered. The goal of this study was to develop and apply an eco-hydrological model capable of simulating various patterns of plant physiological responses to natural flooding events based on key processes of root oxygen diffusion and aerenchyma functioning in a variably-saturated wetland soil environment. Eco-hydrological experiments were conducted accordingly, with surface water level, root-zone soil water content, soil temperature, leaf net photosynthesis rate and root morphology monitored simultaneously in situ at a site dominated by meadow species Deyeuxia angustifolia (Kom.) Y. L. Chang and invaded shrub species Salix rosmarinifolia Linn. var. brachypoda (Trautv.et Mey.) Y.L. Chou in a typical natural floodplain wetland. The results are as follows: (1) Root oxygen respiration rates are strongly correlated with leaf net photosynthesis rates of the two plant types, particularly under flooding conditions during the growing season; (2) Meadow species with a preference for wet microhabitats has a competitive advantage over first-year invading shrub species during flooding events; and (3) an aerenchyma sub-model could improve the eco-hydrological model’s accuracy in capturing plant physiological responses. These findings have the potential to contribute to the management of wetland and its restorations.
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18
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Delias DS, Da-Silva CJ, Martins AC, de Oliveira DSC, do Amarante L. Iron toxicity increases oxidative stress and impairs mineral accumulation and leaf gas exchange in soybean plants during hypoxia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:22427-22438. [PMID: 34791629 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Iron toxicity is a major challenge faced by plants in hypoxic soils; however, the consequences of such combined stress for soybean (Glycine max) remain to be determined. Here we assessed the physiological responses of soybean plants exposed to hypoxia and a high concentration of iron. Soil-grown plants cultivated in a greenhouse until the vegetative stage were transferred to a hydroponic system containing nutrient solution and subjected to two oxygen conditions (normoxia (6.2 mg L-1) and hypoxia (0.33 mg L-1)) and two iron concentrations (Fe-EDTA) (0.09 and 1.8 mM) for 72 h. During hypoxia, high concentrations of iron in the nutrient solution resulted in increased iron accumulation in roots and leaves. Under this condition, the concentrations of zinc, nitrogen, potassium, and calcium decreased in the roots, while the concentration of nitrogen and magnesium decreased in the leaves. Additionally, during hypoxia, the higher concentration of iron led to an increase in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes in roots and leaves, while decreased the levels of the photosynthetic pigments, leaf gas exchange, and plant growth. In conclusion, high iron concentration in the root medium results in a considerably more severe damage condition to soybean plants under hypoxia compared to plants grown under low iron availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique S Delias
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, 96160-000, Brazil
| | | | - Angelita C Martins
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Denise S C de Oliveira
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Luciano do Amarante
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, 96160-000, Brazil
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19
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Mignolli F, Barone JO, Vidoz ML. Root submergence enhances respiration and sugar accumulation in the stem of flooded tomato plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:3643-3654. [PMID: 34268805 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Flooding is a major environmental constraint that obliges plants to adopt plastic responses in order to cope with it. When partially submerged, tomato plants undergo profound changes involving rearrangements in their morphology and metabolism. In this work, we observed that partial submergence markedly dampens root respiration and halts root growth. However, the flooded hypocotyl surprisingly enhances oxygen consumption. Previous results demonstrated that aerenchyma formation in the submerged tomato stem re-establishes internal oxygen tension, making aerobic respiration possible. Indeed, potassium cyanide abruptly stops oxygen uptake, indicating that the cytochrome c pathway is likely to be engaged. Furthermore, we found out that leaf-derived sugars accumulate in large amounts in hypocotyls of flooded plants. Girdling and feeding experiments point to sucrose as the main carbon source for respiration. Consistently, submerged hypocotyls are characterized by high sucrose synthase activity, indicating that sucrose is cleaved and channelled into respiration. Since inhibition of hypocotyl respiration significantly prevents sugar build-up, it is suggested that a high respiration rate is required for sucrose unloading from phloem. As substrate availability increases, respiration is fuelled even more, leading to a maintained allocation of sugars to flooded hypocotyls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mignolli
- Fisiología Vegetal e Interacción Planta-Microorganismo, Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE), UNNE-CONICET, Corrientes, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Javier Orlando Barone
- Fisiología Vegetal e Interacción Planta-Microorganismo, Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE), UNNE-CONICET, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - María Laura Vidoz
- Fisiología Vegetal e Interacción Planta-Microorganismo, Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE), UNNE-CONICET, Corrientes, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina
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20
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Anwar K, Joshi R, Dhankher OP, Singla-Pareek SL, Pareek A. Elucidating the Response of Crop Plants towards Individual, Combined and Sequentially Occurring Abiotic Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [PMID: 34204152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In nature, plants are exposed to an ever-changing environment with increasing frequencies of multiple abiotic stresses. These abiotic stresses act either in combination or sequentially, thereby driving vegetation dynamics and limiting plant growth and productivity worldwide. Plants' responses against these combined and sequential stresses clearly differ from that triggered by an individual stress. Until now, experimental studies were mainly focused on plant responses to individual stress, but have overlooked the complex stress response generated in plants against combined or sequential abiotic stresses, as well as their interaction with each other. However, recent studies have demonstrated that the combined and sequential abiotic stresses overlap with respect to the central nodes of their interacting signaling pathways, and their impact cannot be modelled by swimming in an individual extreme event. Taken together, deciphering the regulatory networks operative between various abiotic stresses in agronomically important crops will contribute towards designing strategies for the development of plants with tolerance to multiple stress combinations. This review provides a brief overview of the recent developments in the interactive effects of combined and sequentially occurring stresses on crop plants. We believe that this study may improve our understanding of the molecular and physiological mechanisms in untangling the combined stress tolerance in plants, and may also provide a promising venue for agronomists, physiologists, as well as molecular biologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Anwar
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Rohit Joshi
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
- Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Sneh L Singla-Pareek
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali 140306, India
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21
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Anwar K, Joshi R, Dhankher OP, Singla-Pareek SL, Pareek A. Elucidating the Response of Crop Plants towards Individual, Combined and Sequentially Occurring Abiotic Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6119. [PMID: 34204152 PMCID: PMC8201344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, plants are exposed to an ever-changing environment with increasing frequencies of multiple abiotic stresses. These abiotic stresses act either in combination or sequentially, thereby driving vegetation dynamics and limiting plant growth and productivity worldwide. Plants' responses against these combined and sequential stresses clearly differ from that triggered by an individual stress. Until now, experimental studies were mainly focused on plant responses to individual stress, but have overlooked the complex stress response generated in plants against combined or sequential abiotic stresses, as well as their interaction with each other. However, recent studies have demonstrated that the combined and sequential abiotic stresses overlap with respect to the central nodes of their interacting signaling pathways, and their impact cannot be modelled by swimming in an individual extreme event. Taken together, deciphering the regulatory networks operative between various abiotic stresses in agronomically important crops will contribute towards designing strategies for the development of plants with tolerance to multiple stress combinations. This review provides a brief overview of the recent developments in the interactive effects of combined and sequentially occurring stresses on crop plants. We believe that this study may improve our understanding of the molecular and physiological mechanisms in untangling the combined stress tolerance in plants, and may also provide a promising venue for agronomists, physiologists, as well as molecular biologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Anwar
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; (K.A.); (R.J.)
| | - Rohit Joshi
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; (K.A.); (R.J.)
- Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
| | - Sneh L. Singla-Pareek
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India;
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; (K.A.); (R.J.)
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali 140306, India
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22
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Thomas-Barry G, St Martin CCG, Lynch MDJ, Ramsubhag A, Rouse-Miller J, Charles TC. Driving factors influencing the rhizobacteriome community structure of plants adapted to multiple climatic stressors in edaphic savannas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:145214. [PMID: 33493909 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The natural variation of multiple abiotic stresses in hyper-seasonal edaphic savanna provides a unique opportunity to study the rhizobacteriome community structure of plants adapted to climate change-like conditions in the humid tropics. In this study, we evaluated changes in soil, plant and rhizobacteriome community structure parameters across seasons (wet and dry) in two edaphic savannas (SV-1 and SV-5) using four dominant plant species. We then examined relationships between rhizobacteriome community structure and soil properties, plant biomass, and conventional and novel root traits. We further hypothesized that plants adapted to the Aripo Savanna had a core rhizobacteriome, which was specific to plant species and related to root foraging traits. Our results showed that cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the concentration of micronutrients (Fe, Cu and B) were the only soil factors that differed across savanna and season, respectively. Plant biomass traits were generally higher in the dry season, with a higher allocation to root growth in SV-5. Root traits were more plastic in SV-5, and network length-distribution was the only root trait which showed a consistent pattern of lower values in the dry season for three of the dominant plant species. Rhizobacterial community compositions were dominated by Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria, as well as WPS-2, which is dominant in extreme environments. We identified a shared core rhizobacteriome across plant species and savannas. Cation exchange capacity was a major driver of rhizobacterial community assemblies across savannas. Savanna-specific drivers of rhizobacterial community assemblies included CEC and Fe for SV-1, and CEC, TDS, NH4+, NO3-, Mn, K, and network length-distribution for SV-5. Plant factors on the microbiome were minimal, and host selectivity was mediated by the seasonal changes. We conclude that edaphoclimatic factors (soil and season) are the key determinants influencing rhizobacteriome community structure in multiple stressed-environments, which are ecologically similar to the Aripo Savanna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gem Thomas-Barry
- Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies at St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
| | | | - Michael D J Lynch
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; Metagenom Bio Life Science Inc, Waterloo, ON N2L 5V4, Canada
| | - Adesh Ramsubhag
- Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies at St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Judy Rouse-Miller
- Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies at St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Trevor C Charles
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; Metagenom Bio Life Science Inc, Waterloo, ON N2L 5V4, Canada
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23
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Lin C, Ogorek LLP, Pedersen O, Sauter M. Oxygen in the air and oxygen dissolved in the floodwater both sustain growth of aquatic adventitious roots in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:1879-1890. [PMID: 33206163 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Flooding is an environmental stress that leads to a shortage of O2 that can be detrimental for plants. When flooded, deepwater rice grow floating adventitious roots to replace the dysfunctional soil-borne root system, but the features that ensure O2 supply and hence growth of aquatic roots have not been explored. We investigate the sources of O2 in aquatic adventitious roots and relate aerenchyma and barriers for gas diffusion to local O2 gradients, as measured by microsensor technology, to link O2 distribution in distinct root zones to their anatomical features. The mature root part receives O2 exclusively from the stem. It has aerenchyma that, together with suberin and lignin depositions at the water-root and cortex-stele interfaces, provides a path for longitudinal O2 movement toward the tip. The root tip has no diffusion barriers and receives O2 from the stem and floodwater, resulting in improved aeration of the root tip over mature tissues. Local formation of aerenchyma and diffusion barriers in the mature root channel O2 towards the tip which also obtains O2 from the floodwater. These features explain aeration of floating roots and their ability to grow under water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lin
- Plant Developmental Biology and Plant Physiology, University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 5, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Ole Pedersen
- Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Margret Sauter
- Plant Developmental Biology and Plant Physiology, University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 5, Kiel, Germany
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24
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Mano Y, Nakazono M. Genetic regulation of root traits for soil flooding tolerance in genus Zea. BREEDING SCIENCE 2021; 71:30-39. [PMID: 33762874 PMCID: PMC7973494 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.20117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Flooding stress caused by excessive precipitation and poor drainage threatens upland crop production and food sustainability, so new upland crop cultivars are needed with greater tolerance to soil flooding (waterlogging). So far, however, there have been no reports of highly flooding-tolerant upland crop cultivars, including maize, because of the lack of flooding-tolerant germplasm and the presence of a large number of traits affecting flooding tolerance. To achieve the goal of breeding flooding-tolerant maize cultivars by overcoming these difficulties, we chose highly flooding-tolerant teosinte germplasm. These flooding-tolerance-related traits were separately assessed by establishing a method for the accurate evaluation of each one, followed by performing quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses for each trait using maize × teosinte mapping populations, developing introgression lines (ILs) or near-isogenic lines (NILs) containing QTLs and pyramiding useful traits. We have identified QTLs for flooding-tolerance-related root traits, including the capacity to form aerenchyma, formation of radial oxygen loss barriers, tolerance to flooded reducing soil conditions, flooding-induced adventitious root formation and shallow root angle. In addition, we have developed several ILs and NILs with flooding-tolerance-related QTLs and are currently developing pyramided lines. These lines should be valuable for practical maize breeding programs focused on flooding tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro Mano
- Forage Crop Research Division, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, 768 Senbonmatsu, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2793, Japan
| | - Mikio Nakazono
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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25
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Ejiri M, Fukao T, Miyashita T, Shiono K. A barrier to radial oxygen loss helps the root system cope with waterlogging-induced hypoxia. BREEDING SCIENCE 2021; 71:40-50. [PMID: 33762875 PMCID: PMC7973497 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.20110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Internal aeration is crucial for root growth under waterlogged conditions. Many wetland plants have a structural barrier that impedes oxygen leakage from the basal part of roots called a radial oxygen loss (ROL) barrier. ROL barriers reduce the loss of oxygen transported via the aerenchyma to the root tips, enabling long-distance oxygen transport for cell respiration at the root tip. Because the root tip does not have an ROL barrier, some of the transferred oxygen is released into the waterlogged soil, where it oxidizes and detoxifies toxic substances (e.g., sulfate and Fe2+) around the root tip. ROL barriers are located at the outer part of roots (OPRs). Their main component is thought to be suberin. Suberin deposits may block the entry of potentially toxic compounds in highly reduced soils. The amount of ROL from the roots depends on the strength of the ROL barrier, the length of the roots, and environmental conditions, which causes spatiotemporal changes in the root system's oxidization pattern. We summarize recent achievements in understanding how ROL barrier formation is regulated and discuss opportunities for breeding waterlogging-tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Ejiri
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Matsuoka-Kenjojima, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1195,
Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukao
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Matsuoka-Kenjojima, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1195,
Japan
| | - Tomoki Miyashita
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Matsuoka-Kenjojima, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1195,
Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Shiono
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Matsuoka-Kenjojima, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1195,
Japan
- Corresponding author (e-mail: )
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26
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Pedersen O, Sauter M, Colmer TD, Nakazono M. Regulation of root adaptive anatomical and morphological traits during low soil oxygen. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:42-49. [PMID: 32045027 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Flooding causes oxygen deprivation in soils. Plants adapt to low soil oxygen availability by changes in root morphology, anatomy, and architecture to maintain root system functioning. Essential traits include aerenchyma formation, a barrier to radial oxygen loss, and outgrowth of adventitious roots into the soil or the floodwater. We highlight recent findings of mechanisms of constitutive aerenchyma formation and of changes in root architecture. Moreover, we use modelling of internal aeration to demonstrate the beneficial effect of increasing cortex-to-stele ratio on sustaining root growth in waterlogged soils. We know the genes for some of the beneficial traits, and the next step is to manipulate these genes in breeding in order to enhance the flood tolerance of our crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Pedersen
- Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 3rd Floor, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Margret Sauter
- Plant Developmental Biology and Physiology, University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 5, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Timothy David Colmer
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Mikio Nakazono
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
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Pedersen O, Nakayama Y, Yasue H, Kurokawa Y, Takahashi H, Heidi Floytrup A, Omori F, Mano Y, David Colmer T, Nakazono M. Lateral roots, in addition to adventitious roots, form a barrier to radial oxygen loss in Zea nicaraguensis and a chromosome segment introgression line in maize. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:94-105. [PMID: 31990995 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plants typically respond to waterlogging by producing new adventitious roots with aerenchyma and many wetland plants form a root barrier to radial O2 loss (ROL), but it was not known if this was also the case for lateral roots. We tested the hypothesis that lateral roots arising from adventitious roots can form a ROL barrier, using root-sleeving electrodes and O2 microsensors to assess ROL of Zea nicaraguensis, the maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) introgression line with a locus for ROL barrier formation (introgression line (IL) #468) from Z. nicaraguensis and a maize inbred line (Mi29). Lateral roots of Z. nicaraguensis and IL #468 both formed a ROL barrier under stagnant, deoxygenated conditions, whereas Mi29 did not. Lateral roots of Z. nicaraguensis had higher tissue O2 status than for IL #468 and Mi29. The ROL barrier was visible as suberin in the root hypodermis/exodermis. Modelling showed that laterals roots can grow to a maximum length of 74 mm with a ROL barrier, but only to 33 mm without a barrier. Presence of a ROL barrier in lateral roots requires reconsideration of the role of these roots as sites of O2 loss, which for some species now appears to be less than hitherto thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Pedersen
- Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 3rd floor, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Yohei Nakayama
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yasue
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kurokawa
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Anja Heidi Floytrup
- Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 3rd floor, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fumie Omori
- Forage Crop Research Division, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, 768 Senbonmatsu, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, 329-2793, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Mano
- Forage Crop Research Division, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, 768 Senbonmatsu, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, 329-2793, Japan
| | - Timothy David Colmer
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Mikio Nakazono
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
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28
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De Pedro LF, Mignolli F, Scartazza A, Melana Colavita JP, Bouzo CA, Vidoz ML. Maintenance of photosynthetic capacity in flooded tomato plants with reduced ethylene sensitivity. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 170:202-217. [PMID: 32458443 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene is considered one of the most important plant hormones orchestrating plant responses to flooding stress. However, ethylene may induce deleterious effects on plants, especially when produced at high rates in response to stress. In this paper, we explored the effect of attenuated ethylene sensitivity in the Never ripe (Nr) mutant on leaf photosynthetic capacity of flooded tomato plants. We found out that reduced ethylene perception in Nr plants was associated with a more efficient photochemical and non-photochemical radiative energy dissipation capability in response to flooding. The data correlated with the retention of chlorophyll and carotenoids content in flooded Nr leaves. Moreover, leaf area and specific leaf area were higher in Nr, indicating that ethylene would exert a negative role in leaf growth and expansion under flooded conditions. Although stomatal conductance was hampered in flooded Nr plants, carboxylation activity was not affected by flooding in the mutant, suggesting that ethylene is responsible for inducing non-stomatal limitations to photosynthetic CO2 uptake. Upregulation of several cysteine protease genes and high protease activity led to Rubisco protein loss in response to ethylene under flooding. Reduction of Rubisco content would, at least in part, account for the reduction of its carboxylation efficiency in response to ethylene in flooded plants. Therefore, besides its role as a trigger of many adaptive responses, perception of ethylene entails limitations in light and dark photosynthetic reactions by speeding up the senescence process that leads to a progressive disassembly of the photosynthetic machinery in leaves of flooded tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Mignolli
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE-CONICET), Corrientes, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Andrea Scartazza
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Juan Pablo Melana Colavita
- Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino (IQUIBA, NEA-CONICET), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Carlos Alberto Bouzo
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal (LIFiBVe), ICi Agro-Litoral (UNL-CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Laura Vidoz
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE-CONICET), Corrientes, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina
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29
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Wei GW, Sun XS, Chen YH, Luo FL, Yu FH. Growth and reproductive responses of Polygonum hydropiper populations to elevational difference associated with flooding. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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30
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Iturralde Elortegui MDRM, Berone GD, Striker GG, Martinefsky MJ, Monterubbianesi MG, Assuero SG. Anatomical, morphological and growth responses of Thinopyrum ponticum plants subjected to partial and complete submergence during early stages of development. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:757-768. [PMID: 32464086 DOI: 10.1071/fp19170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Seedling recruitment and growth of forage grasses in flood-prone grasslands is often impaired by submergence. We evaluate the responses of Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Barkw. & Dewey to partial and complete submergence at two early stages of development. Two greenhouse experiments were carried out with plants at three expanded leaves (Experiment 1) or five expanded leaves stage (Experiment 2). In each case, three treatments were applied for 14 days: control (C), partial submergence (PS; water level to half plant height), and complete submergence (CS; water level to 1.5 times plant height). Submergence was followed by a recovery period of 14 days at well drained conditions. Assessments included plant survival, height, leaf blade and pseudostem length, soluble carbohydrates in pseudostem, and shoot and root dry mass accumulation at the beginning and end of the submergence, and at the end of the recovery period. Root aerenchyma formation was determined on day 14 in both experiments. Under PS all plants survived, and the impact of the stress was related to the plants' developmental stage. However, plants with five expanded leaves increased total plant biomass with respect to control by 48%, plants with three expanded leaves reduced it by the same percentage. This response could be related to a higher ability to form root aerenchyma (17 vs 10%), and an enhanced leaf de-submergence capacity due to promoted leaf blade and pseudostem lengthening. Complete submergence treatment compromised the survival of 70% of the individuals with three expanded leaves but did not affect the survival at the five expanded leaves stage. In any developmental stage (three or five expanded leaves) plants fail to promote enough elongation of leaf blades or pseudostems to emerge from the water, so that always remained below the water surface. Root aerenchyma was not increased by CS at either of these two plant developmental stages. The high amount and concentration of pseudostem total soluble carbohydrates of the larger (five expanded leaves) plants facilitated their recovery growth after submergence. Our results predict the successful introduction of this species in areas where water excesses can cause soil waterlogging or shallow-partial plant submergence, but suggest avoidance of areas prone to suffer high-intensity flooding that lead to full plant submergence as this would highly constrain plant recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Germán D Berone
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), EEA Balcarce, Ruta Nacional 226 km 73.5, C.C. 276, B7620BKL Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Ruta Nacional 226 km 73.5, C.C. 276, B7620BKL Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo G Striker
- IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Av. San Martín 4453, CPA 1417, DSE Buenos Aires, Argentina; and UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - María J Martinefsky
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), AER Olavarría, Alsina 2642, B7400COJ Olavarría, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María G Monterubbianesi
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Ruta Nacional 226 km 73.5, C.C. 276, B7620BKL Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia G Assuero
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Ruta Nacional 226 km 73.5, C.C. 276, B7620BKL Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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31
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Effects of Waterlogging with Different Water Resources on Plant Growth and Tolerance Capacity of Four Herbaceous Flowers in a Bioretention Basin. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12061619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Extreme weather events have increased due to climate change. Bioretention basins can effectively alleviate urban flooding by short-term water retention. Reclaimed water (RW) is considered an alternative water resource during water shortages. In this study, the abilities for waterlogging tolerance of four herbaceous flowers (angelonia, narrow-leaf zinnia, celosia, and medallion flower) are investigated to screen suitable ornamental plants for bioretention basins, and the influence of RW on the plants is also evaluated. All plants were treated with 10 days of waterlogging (electrical conductivity (EC) of tap water = 110.0 μS·cm−1) followed by a seven-day recovery. Angelonia (Angelonia salicariifolia Humb. & Bonpl) was not affected by waterlogging and showed the best performance, judged from the ornamental quality, photosynthesis rate, and leaf malondialdehyde (MDA) among the tested flowers. Photosynthesis of the narrow-leaf zinnia (Zinnia angustifolia Kunth) decreased during waterlogging but soon recovered after being drained. Celosia (Celosia argentea L.) and medallion flower (Melampodium paludosum Kunth) were significantly affected by waterlogging and did not recover after drainage, in terms of responses to both external and physiological reactions. Moreover, waterlogging by the simulated RW (EC = 542.4 μS·cm−1) did not have negative impacts on angelonia and narrow-leaf zinnia, due to the reduced leaf malondialdehyde concentration of angelonia and retarded the decline in the net photosynthesis rate of narrow-leaf zinnia. Thus, RW could be used as an alternative irrigation water resource for bioretention basins during the dry season to maintain plant growth.
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Mori Y, Kurokawa Y, Koike M, Malik AI, Colmer TD, Ashikari M, Pedersen O, Nagai K. Diel O2 Dynamics in Partially and Completely Submerged Deepwater Rice: Leaf Gas Films Enhance Internodal O2 Status, Influence Gene Expression and Accelerate Stem Elongation for 'Snorkelling' during Submergence. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:973-985. [PMID: 30668838 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Deepwater rice has a remarkable shoot elongation response to partial submergence. Shoot elongation to maintain air-contact enables 'snorkelling' of O2 to submerged organs. Previous research has focused on partial submergence of deepwater rice. We tested the hypothesis that leaf gas films enhance internode O2 status and stem elongation of deepwater rice when completely submerged. Diel patterns of O2 partial pressure (pO2) were measured in internodes of deepwater rice when partially or completely submerged, and with or without gas films on leaves, for the completely submerged plants. We also took measurements for paddy rice. Deepwater rice elongated during complete submergence and the shoot tops emerged. Leaf gas films improved O2 entry during the night, preventing anoxia in stems, which is of importance for elongation of the submerged shoots. Expressions of O2 deprivation inducible genes were upregulated in completely submerged plants during the night, and more so when gas films were removed from the leaves. Diel O2 dynamics showed similar patterns in paddy and deepwater rice. We demonstrated that shoot tops in air enabled 'snorkelling' and increased O2 in internodes of both rice ecotypes; however, 'snorkelling' was achieved only by rapid shoot elongation by deepwater rice, but not by paddy rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinao Mori
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kurokawa
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaya Koike
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Al Imran Malik
- Centre for Plant Genetics and Breeding, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Timothy David Colmer
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Motoyuki Ashikari
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ole Pedersen
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 3rd floor, DK, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Keisuke Nagai
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Foyer CH, Nguyen H, Lam HM. Legumes-The art and science of environmentally sustainable agriculture. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1-5. [PMID: 30575076 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation, which is carried out by the legume-rhizobia partnership, is a major source of nitrogen acquisition in natural ecosystems and in agriculture. The benefits to the plant gained through the rhizobial-legume symbiosis can be further enhanced by associations of the legume with arbuscular mycorrhiza. The progressive engagement of the legume host with the rhizobial bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi requires an extensive exchange of signalling molecules. These signals alter the transcriptional profiles of the partners, guiding and enabling extensive microbial and fungal proliferation in the roots. Such interactions and associations are greatly influenced by environmental stresses, which also severely limit the productivity of legume crops. Part II of the Special Issue on Legumes provides new insights into the mechanisms that underpin sustainable symbiotic partnerships, as well as the effects of abiotic stresses, such as drought, waterlogging, and salinity on legume biology. The requirement for germplasm and new breeding methods is discussed as well as the future of legume production in the face of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine H Foyer
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Henry Nguyen
- Division of Plant Sciences and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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34
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Ploschuk RA, Miralles DJ, Colmer TD, Ploschuk EL, Striker GG. Waterlogging of Winter Crops at Early and Late Stages: Impacts on Leaf Physiology, Growth and Yield. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1863. [PMID: 30619425 PMCID: PMC6306497 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Waterlogging is expected to increase as a consequence of global climate change, constraining crop production in various parts of the world. This study assessed tolerance to 14-days of early- or late-stage waterlogging of the major winter crops wheat, barley, rapeseed and field pea. Aerenchyma formation in adventitious roots, leaf physiological parameters (net photosynthesis, stomatal and mesophyll conductances, chlorophyll fluorescence), shoot and root growth during and after waterlogging, and seed production were evaluated. Wheat produced adventitious roots with 20-22% of aerenchyma, photosynthesis was maintained during waterlogging, and seed production was 86 and 71% of controls for early- and late-waterlogging events. In barley and rapeseed, plants were less affected by early- than by late-waterlogging. Barley adventitious roots contained 19% aerenchyma, whereas rapeseed did not form aerenchyma. In barley, photosynthesis was reduced during early-waterlogging mainly by stomatal limitations, and by non-stomatal constraints (lower mesophyll conductance and damage to photosynthetic apparatus as revealed by chlorophyll fluorescence) during late-waterlogging. In rapeseed, photosynthesis was mostly reduced by non-stomatal limitations during early- and late-waterlogging, which also impacted shoot and root growth. Early-waterlogged plants of both barley and rapeseed were able to recover in growth upon drainage, and seed production reached ca. 79-85% of the controls, while late-waterlogged plants only attained 26-32% in seed production. Field pea showed no ability to develop root aerenchyma when waterlogged, and its photosynthesis (and stomatal and mesophyll conductances) was rapidly decreased by the stress. Consequently, waterlogging drastically reduced field pea seed production to 6% of controls both at early- and late-stages with plants being unable to resume growth upon drainage. In conclusion, wheat generates a set of adaptive responses to withstand 14 days of waterlogging, barley and rapeseed can still produce significant yield if transiently waterlogged during early plant stages but are more adversely impacted at the late stage, and field pea is not suitable for areas prone to waterlogging events of 14 days at either growth stage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Julio Miralles
- IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Timothy David Colmer
- Faculty of Science, School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Edmundo Leonardo Ploschuk
- Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Cultivos Industriales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Gabriel Striker
- IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Faculty of Science, School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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Ali S, Kim WC. Plant Growth Promotion Under Water: Decrease of Waterlogging-Induced ACC and Ethylene Levels by ACC Deaminase-Producing Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1096. [PMID: 29887854 PMCID: PMC5981179 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Some plant growth-promoting bacteria encode for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, which facilitates plant growth and development by lowering the level of stress ethylene under waterlogged conditions. The substrate ACC is the immediate precursor for ethylene synthesis in plants; while bacterial ACC deaminase hydrolyzes this compound into α-ketobutyrate and ammonia to mitigate the adverse effects of the stress caused by ethylene exposure. Here, the structure and function of ACC deaminase, ethylene biosynthesis and waterlogging response, waterlogging and its consequences, role of bacterial ACC deaminase under waterlogged conditions, and effect of this enzyme on terrestrial and riparian plants are discussed.
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