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Yang X, Yu D, Gao F, Yang J, Chen Z, Liu J, Yang X, Li L, Zhang Y, Yan C. Integrative Analysis of Morphine-Induced Differential Circular RNAs and ceRNA Networks in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:4602-4618. [PMID: 38109006 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03859-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel type of non-coding RNAs. Despite the fact that the functional mechanisms of most circRNAs remain unknown, emerging evidence indicates that circRNAs could sponge microRNAs (miRNAs), bind to RNA binding proteins (RBP), and even be translated into protein. Recent research has demonstrated the crucial roles played by circRNAs in neuropsychiatric disorders. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a crucial component of drug reward circuitry and exerts top-down control over cognitive functions. However, there is currently limited knowledge about the correlation between circRNAs and morphine-associated contextual memory in the mPFC. Here, we performed morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice and extracted mPFC tissue for RNA-sequencing. Our study represented the first attempt to identify differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs) and mRNAs (DEmRNAs) in the mPFC after morphine-induced CPP. We identified 47 significantly up-regulated DEcircRNAs and 429 significantly up-regulated DEmRNAs, along with 74 significantly down-regulated DEcircRNAs and 391 significantly down-regulated DEmRNAs. Functional analysis revealed that both DEcircRNAs and DEmRNAs were closely associated with neuroplasticity. To further validate the DEcircRNAs, we conducted qRT-PCR, Sanger sequencing, and RNase R digestion assays. Additionally, using an integrated bioinformatics approach, we constructed ceRNA networks and identified critical circRNA/miRNA/mRNA axes that contributed to the development of morphine-associated contextual memory. In summary, our study provided novel insights into the role of circRNAs in drug-related memory, specifically from the perspective of ceRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Yang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, National Health Commission, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Bio-Evidence Sciences Academy, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongyu Yu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, National Health Commission, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Bio-Evidence Sciences Academy, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feifei Gao
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, National Health Commission, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Bio-Evidence Sciences Academy, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingsi Yang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, National Health Commission, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Bio-Evidence Sciences Academy, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhennan Chen
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, National Health Commission, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Bio-Evidence Sciences Academy, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junlin Liu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, National Health Commission, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Bio-Evidence Sciences Academy, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, National Health Commission, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Bio-Evidence Sciences Academy, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lanjiang Li
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, National Health Commission, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Bio-Evidence Sciences Academy, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, National Health Commission, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China.
- Bio-Evidence Sciences Academy, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chunxia Yan
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, National Health Commission, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China.
- Bio-Evidence Sciences Academy, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710100, Shaanxi, China.
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2
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Moraly J, Kondo T, Benzaoui M, DuSold J, Talluri S, Pouzolles MC, Chien C, Dardalhon V, Taylor N. Metabolic dialogues: regulators of chimeric antigen receptor T cell function in the tumor microenvironment. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:1695-1718. [PMID: 38922759 PMCID: PMC11223614 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have demonstrated remarkable success in the treatment of relapsed/refractory melanoma and hematological malignancies, respectively. These treatments have marked a pivotal shift in cancer management. However, as "living drugs," their effectiveness is dependent on their ability to proliferate and persist in patients. Recent studies indicate that the mechanisms regulating these crucial functions, as well as the T cell's differentiation state, are conditioned by metabolic shifts and the distinct utilization of metabolic pathways. These metabolic shifts, conditioned by nutrient availability as well as cell surface expression of metabolite transporters, are coupled to signaling pathways and the epigenetic landscape of the cell, modulating transcriptional, translational, and post-translational profiles. In this review, we discuss the processes underlying the metabolic remodeling of activated T cells, the impact of a tumor metabolic environment on T cell function, and potential metabolic-based strategies to enhance T cell immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josquin Moraly
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
- Université Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Taisuke Kondo
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Mehdi Benzaoui
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
- Université de Montpellier, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRSMontpellierFrance
| | - Justyn DuSold
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Sohan Talluri
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Marie C. Pouzolles
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Christopher Chien
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Valérie Dardalhon
- Université de Montpellier, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRSMontpellierFrance
| | - Naomi Taylor
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
- Université de Montpellier, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRSMontpellierFrance
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3
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Gupta D, Burstein AW, Schwalbe DC, Shankar K, Varshney S, Singh O, Paul S, Ogden SB, Osborne-Lawrence S, Metzger NP, Richard CP, Campbell JN, Zigman JM. Ghrelin deletion and conditional ghrelin cell ablation increase pancreatic islet size in mice. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e169349. [PMID: 38099492 PMCID: PMC10721155 DOI: 10.1172/jci169349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin exerts key effects on islet hormone secretion to regulate blood glucose levels. Here, we sought to determine whether ghrelin's effects on islets extend to the alteration of islet size and β cell mass. We demonstrate that reducing ghrelin - by ghrelin gene knockout (GKO), conditional ghrelin cell ablation, or high-fat diet (HFD) feeding - was associated with increased mean islet size (up to 62%), percentage of large islets (up to 854%), and β cell cross-sectional area (up to 51%). In GKO mice, these effects were more apparent in 10- to 12-week-old mice than in 4-week-old mice. Higher β cell numbers from decreased β cell apoptosis drove the increase in β cell cross-sectional area. Conditional ghrelin cell ablation in adult mice increased the β cell number per islet by 40% within 4 weeks. A negative correlation between islet size and plasma ghrelin in HFD-fed plus chow-fed WT mice, together with even larger islet sizes in HFD-fed GKO mice than in HFD-fed WT mice, suggests that reduced ghrelin was not solely responsible for diet-induced obesity-associated islet enlargement. Single-cell transcriptomics revealed changes in gene expression in several GKO islet cell types, including upregulation of Manf, Dnajc3, and Gnas expression in β cells, which supports decreased β cell apoptosis and/or increased β cell proliferation. These effects of ghrelin reduction on islet morphology might prove useful when designing new therapies for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Gupta
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Avi W. Burstein
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Dana C. Schwalbe
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Kripa Shankar
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Salil Varshney
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Omprakash Singh
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Subhojit Paul
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sean B. Ogden
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sherri Osborne-Lawrence
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Nathan P. Metzger
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Corine P. Richard
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - John N. Campbell
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Zigman
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine and
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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4
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Padgett LR, Shinkle MR, Rosario S, Stewart TM, Foley JR, Casero RA, Park MH, Chung WK, Mastracci TL. Deoxyhypusine synthase mutations alter the post-translational modification of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A resulting in impaired human and mouse neural homeostasis. HGG ADVANCES 2023; 4:100206. [PMID: 37333770 PMCID: PMC10275725 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2023.100206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
DHPS deficiency is a rare genetic disease caused by biallelic hypomorphic variants in the Deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) gene. The DHPS enzyme functions in mRNA translation by catalyzing the post-translational modification, and therefore activation, of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A). The observed clinical outcomes associated with human mutations in DHPS include developmental delay, intellectual disability, and seizures. Therefore, to increase our understanding of this rare disease, it is critical to determine the mechanisms by which mutations in DHPS alter neurodevelopment. In this study, we have generated patient-derived lymphoblast cell lines and demonstrated that human DHPS variants alter DHPS protein abundance and impair enzyme function. Moreover, we observe a shift in the abundance of the post-translationally modified forms of eIF5A; specifically, an increase in the nuclear localized acetylated form (eIF5AAcK47) and concomitant decrease in the cytoplasmic localized hypusinated form (eIF5AHYP). Generation and characterization of a mouse model with a genetic deletion of Dhps in the brain at birth shows that loss of hypusine biosynthesis impacts neuronal function due to impaired eIF5AHYP-dependent mRNA translation; this translation defect results in altered expression of proteins required for proper neuronal development and function. This study reveals new insight into the biological consequences and molecular impact of human DHPS deficiency and provides valuable information toward the goal of developing treatment strategies for this rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah R. Padgett
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mollie R. Shinkle
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Spencer Rosario
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Tracy Murray Stewart
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Jackson R. Foley
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Robert A. Casero
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Myung Hee Park
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4340, USA
| | - Wendy K. Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Teresa L. Mastracci
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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5
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Wang P, Yang L, Yang R, Chen Z, Ren X, Wang F, Jiao Y, Ding Y, Yang F, Sun T, Ma H. Predicted molecules and signaling pathways for regulating seizures in the hippocampus in lithium-pilocarpine induced acute epileptic rats: A proteomics study. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:947732. [DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.947732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Seizures in rodent models that are induced by lithium-pilocarpine mimic human seizures in a highly isomorphic manner. The hippocampus is a brain region that generates and spreads seizures. In order to understand the early phases of seizure events occurring in the hippocampus, global protein expression levels in the hippocampus on day 1 and day 3 were analyzed in lithium-pilocarpine induced acute epileptic rat models using a tandem mass tag-based proteomic approach. Our results showed that differentially expressed proteins were likely to be enhanced rather than prohibited in modulating seizure activity on days 1 and 3 in lithium-pilocarpine induced seizure rats. The differentially regulated proteins differed on days 1 and 3 in the seizure rats, indicating that different molecules and pathways are involved in seizure events occurring from day 1 to day 3 following lithium-pilocarpine administration. In regard to subcellular distribution, the results suggest that post-seizure cellular function in the hippocampus is possibly regulated in a differential manner on seizure progression. Gene ontology annotation results showed that, on day 1 following lithium-pilocarpine administration, it is likely necessary to regulate macromolecular complex assembly, and cell death, while on day 3, it may be necessary to modulate protein metabolic process, cytoplasm, and protein binding. Protein metabolic process rather than macromolecular complex assembly and cell death were affected on day 3 following lithium-pilocarpine administration. The extracellular matrix, receptors, and the constitution of plasma membranes were altered most strongly in the development of seizure events. In a KEGG pathway enrichment cluster analysis, the signaling pathways identified were relevant to sustained angiogenesis and evading apoptosis, and complement and coagulation cascades. On day 3, pathways relevant to Huntington’s disease, and tumor necrosis factor signaling were most prevalent. These results suggest that seizure events occurring in day 1 modulate macromolecular complex assembly and cell death, and in day 3 modulate biological protein metabolic process. In summary, our study found limited evidence for ongoing seizure events in the hippocampus of lithium-pilocarpine induced animal models; nevertheless, evaluating the global differential expression of proteins and their impacts on bio-function may offer new perspectives for studying epileptogenesis in the future.
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Ziegler A, Steindl K, Hanner AS, Kumar Kar R, Prouteau C, Boland A, Deleuze JF, Coubes C, Bézieau S, Küry S, Maystadt I, Le Mao M, Lenaers G, Navet B, Faivre L, Tran Mau-Them F, Zanoni P, Chung WK, Rauch A, Bonneau D, Park MH. Bi-allelic variants in DOHH, catalyzing the last step of hypusine biosynthesis, are associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:1549-1558. [PMID: 35858628 PMCID: PMC9388783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH) is the enzyme catalyzing the second step in the post-translational synthesis of hypusine [Nε-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)lysine] in the eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A). Hypusine is formed exclusively in eIF5A by two sequential enzymatic steps catalyzed by deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH). Hypusinated eIF5A is essential for translation and cell proliferation in eukaryotes, and all three genes encoding eIF5A, DHPS, and DOHH are highly conserved throughout eukaryotes. Pathogenic variants affecting either DHPS or EIF5A have been previously associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Using trio exome sequencing, we identified rare bi-allelic pathogenic missense and truncating DOHH variants segregating with disease in five affected individuals from four unrelated families. The DOHH variants are associated with a neurodevelopmental phenotype that is similar to phenotypes caused by DHPS or EIF5A variants and includes global developmental delay, intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism, and microcephaly. A two-dimensional gel analyses revealed the accumulation of deoxyhypusine-containing eIF5A [eIF5A(Dhp)] and a reduction in the hypusinated eIF5A in fibroblasts derived from affected individuals, providing biochemical evidence for deficiency of DOHH activity in cells carrying the bi-allelic DOHH variants. Our data suggest that rare bi-allelic variants in DOHH result in reduced enzyme activity, limit the hypusination of eIF5A, and thereby lead to a neurodevelopmental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alban Ziegler
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Angers, 49933, Angers France,Université d’Angers, MitoVasc Unit, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6015, INSERM 1083, 49000 Angers, France,Corresponding author
| | - Katharina Steindl
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ashleigh S. Hanner
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4340, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar Kar
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4340, USA
| | - Clément Prouteau
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Angers, 49933, Angers France
| | - Anne Boland
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, 91057, Evry, France
| | - Jean Francois Deleuze
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, 91057, Evry, France
| | - Christine Coubes
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphane Bézieau
- Nantes Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, 44000 Nantes, France,Nantes Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Sébastien Küry
- Nantes Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, 44000 Nantes, France,Nantes Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Isabelle Maystadt
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, 6041 Gosselies, Belgique
| | - Morgane Le Mao
- Université d’Angers, MitoVasc Unit, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6015, INSERM 1083, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Guy Lenaers
- Université d’Angers, MitoVasc Unit, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6015, INSERM 1083, 49000 Angers, France,Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Angers, 49933, Angers France
| | - Benjamin Navet
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Angers, 49933, Angers France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences de Santé, INSERM-Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1231, Genetics of Developmental Disorders, FHU-TRANSLAD, 21000, Dijon, France,Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, FHU-TRANSLAD, Hôpital d'Enfants, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Frédéric Tran Mau-Them
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences de Santé, INSERM-Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1231, Genetics of Developmental Disorders, FHU-TRANSLAD, 21000, Dijon, France,Unité Fonctionnelle d’Innovation Diagnostique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Paolo Zanoni
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wendy K. Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Anita Rauch
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland,University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Bonneau
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Angers, 49933, Angers France,Université d’Angers, MitoVasc Unit, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6015, INSERM 1083, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Myung Hee Park
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4340, USA,Corresponding author
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Chin-Chan M, Montes S, Blanco-Álvarez VM, Aguirre-Alarcón HA, Hernández-Rodríguez I, Bautista E. Relevance of biometals during neuronal differentiation and myelination: in vitro and in vivo studies. Biometals 2022; 35:395-427. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00380-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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Guo Q, Zhang YC, Wang W, Wang YQ, Liu Y, Yang Z, Zhao MM, Feng N, Wang YH, Zhang XW, Yang H, Liu TT, Shi LY, Shi XM, Liu D, Tu PF, Zeng KW. Deoxyhypusine hydroxylase as a novel pharmacological target for ischemic stroke via inducing a unique post-translational hypusination modification. Pharmacol Res 2022; 176:106046. [PMID: 35007708 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, thereby highlighting the urgent necessary to identify new therapeutic targets. Deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH) is a fundamental enzyme catalyzing a unique posttranslational hypusination modification of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) and is highly involved in the progression of several human diseases, including HIV-1 infection, cancer, malaria, and diabetes. However, the potential therapeutic role of pharmacological regulation of DOHH in ischemic stroke is still poorly understood. Our study first discovered a natural small-molecule brazilin (BZ) with an obvious neuroprotective effect against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion insult. Then, DOHH was identified as a crucial cellular target of BZ using HuProt™ human proteome microarray. By selectively binding to the Cys232 residue, BZ induced a previously undisclosed allosteric effect to significantly increase DOHH catalytic activity. Furthermore, BZ-mediated DOHH activation amplified mitophagy for mitochondrial function and morphology maintenance via DOHH/eIF5A hypusination signaling pathway, thereby protecting against ischemic neuronal injury in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our study first identified DOHH as a previously unreported therapeutic target for ischemic stroke, and provided a future drug design direction for DOHH allosteric activators using BZ as a novel molecular template.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yi-Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yu-Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mei-Mei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Na Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan-Hang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Heng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lun-Yong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Proteomics Laboratory, Medical and Healthy Analytical Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Ke-Wu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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9
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Kar RK, Hanner AS, Starost MF, Springer D, Mastracci TL, Mirmira RG, Park MH. Neuron-specific ablation of eIF5A or deoxyhypusine synthase leads to impairments in growth, viability, neurodevelopment, and cognitive functions in mice. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101333. [PMID: 34688659 PMCID: PMC8605248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A)†,‡ is an essential protein that requires a unique amino acid, hypusine, for its activity. Hypusine is formed exclusively in eIF5A post-translationally via two enzymes, deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase. Each of the genes encoding these proteins, Eif5a, Dhps, and Dohh, is required for mouse embryonic development. Variants in EIF5A or DHPS were recently identified as the genetic basis underlying certain rare neurodevelopmental disorders in humans. To investigate the roles of eIF5A and DHPS in brain development, we generated four conditional KO mouse strains using the Emx1-Cre or Camk2a-Cre strains and examined the effects of temporal- and region-specific deletion of Eif5a or Dhps. The conditional deletion of Dhps or Eif5a by Emx1 promotor-driven Cre expression (E9.5, in the cortex and hippocampus) led to gross defects in forebrain development, reduced growth, and premature death. On the other hand, the conditional deletion of Dhps or Eif5a by Camk2a promoter-driven Cre expression (postnatal, mainly in the CA1 region of the hippocampus) did not lead to global developmental defects; rather, these KO animals exhibited severe impairment in spatial learning, contextual learning, and memory when subjected to the Morris water maze and a contextual learning test. In both models, the Dhps-KO mice displayed more severe impairment than their Eif5a-KO counterparts. The observed defects in the brain, global development, or cognitive functions most likely result from translation errors due to a deficiency in active, hypusinated eIF5A. Our study underscores the important roles of eIF5A and DHPS in neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Kar
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ashleigh S Hanner
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew F Starost
- Division of Veterinary Resources, Diagnostic and Research Services Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Danielle Springer
- NHLBI Murine Phenotyping Core, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Teresa L Mastracci
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University-Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Myung Hee Park
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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10
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Qifti A, Jackson L, Singla A, Garwain O, Scarlata S. Stimulation of phospholipase Cβ1 by Gα q promotes the assembly of stress granule proteins. Sci Signal 2021; 14:eaav1012. [PMID: 34665639 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aav1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Androniqi Qifti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Lela Jackson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Ashima Singla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Osama Garwain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Suzanne Scarlata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
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11
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Pereira KD, Tamborlin L, de Lima TI, Consonni SR, Silveira LR, Luchessi AD. Alternative human eIF5A protein isoform plays a critical role in mitochondria. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:549-561. [PMID: 33459432 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) is the only known protein containing the amino acid residue hypusine, essential for its activity. Hypusine residue is produced by a posttranslational modification involving deoxyhypusine synthetase and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase. Herein, we aimed to describe the role of the alternative human isoform A on mitochondrial processes. Isoform A depletion modulates oxidative metabolism in association with the downregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis-related genes. Through positive feedback, it increases cell respiration leading to highly reactive oxygen species production, which impacts mitochondrial bioenergetics. These metabolic changes compromise mitochondrial morphology, increasing its electron density and fission, observed by transmission electron microscopy. This set of changes leads the cells to apoptosis, evidenced by increased DNA fragmentation and proapoptotic BAK protein content increase. Thus, we show that the alternative eIF5A isoform A is crucial for energy metabolism controlled by mitochondria and cellular survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina D Pereira
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia Tamborlin
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tanes I de Lima
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvio R Consonni
- Laboratory of Cytochemistry and Immunocytochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo R Silveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Augusto D Luchessi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Mike JK, Pathipati P, Sheldon RA, Ferriero DM. Changes in arginase isoforms in a murine model of neonatal brain hypoxia-ischemia. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:830-837. [PMID: 32464635 PMCID: PMC7704631 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-0978-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arginases (ARG isoforms, ARG-1/ARG-2) are key regulatory enzymes of inflammation and tissue repair; however, their role after neonatal brain hypoxia (H) and hypoxia-ischemia (HI) remains unknown. METHODS C57BL/6 mice subjected to the Vannucci procedure on postnatal day (P9) were sacrificed at different timepoints. The degree of brain damage was assessed histologically. ARG spatiotemporal localization was determined via immunohistochemistry. ARG expression was measured by Western blot and activity spectrophotometrically. RESULTS ARG isoform expression increased during neurodevelopment (P9-P17) in the cortex and hippocampus. This was suppressed with H and HI only in the hippocampus. In the cortex, both isoforms increased with H alone and only ARG-2 increased with HI at 3 days. ARG activity during neurodevelopment remained unchanged, but increased at 1 day with H and not HI. ARG-1 localized with microglia at the injury site as early as 4 h after injury, while ARG-2 localized with neurons. CONCLUSIONS ARG isoform expression increases with age from P9 to P17, but is suppressed by injury specifically in the hippocampus and not in the cortex. Both levels and activity of ARG isoforms increase with H, while ARG-1 immunolabelling is upregulated in the HI cortex. Evidently, ARG isoforms in the brain differ in spatiotemporal localization, expression, and activity during neurodevelopment and after injury. IMPACT Arginase isoforms change during neurodevelopment and after neonatal brain HI. This is the first study investigating the key enzymes of inflammation and tissue repair called arginases following murine neonatal brain HI. The highly region- and cell-specific expression suggests the possibility of specific functions of arginases. ARG-1 in microglia at the injury site may regulate neuroinflammation, while ARG-2 in neurons of developmental structures may impact neurodevelopment. While further studies are needed to describe the exact role of ARGs after neonatal brain HI, our study adds valuable data on anatomical localization and expression of ARGs in brain during development and after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana K Mike
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Praneeti Pathipati
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - R Ann Sheldon
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Donna M Ferriero
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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13
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Canet-Pons J, Sen NE, Arsović A, Almaguer-Mederos LE, Halbach MV, Key J, Döring C, Kerksiek A, Picchiarelli G, Cassel R, René F, Dieterlé S, Fuchs NV, König R, Dupuis L, Lütjohann D, Gispert S, Auburger G. Atxn2-CAG100-KnockIn mouse spinal cord shows progressive TDP43 pathology associated with cholesterol biosynthesis suppression. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 152:105289. [PMID: 33577922 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Large polyglutamine expansions in Ataxin-2 (ATXN2) cause multi-system nervous atrophy in Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 2 (SCA2). Intermediate size expansions carry a risk for selective motor neuron degeneration, known as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Conversely, the depletion of ATXN2 prevents disease progression in ALS. Although ATXN2 interacts directly with RNA, and in ALS pathogenesis there is a crucial role of RNA toxicity, the affected functional pathways remain ill defined. Here, we examined an authentic SCA2 mouse model with Atxn2-CAG100-KnockIn for a first definition of molecular mechanisms in spinal cord pathology. Neurophysiology of lower limbs detected sensory neuropathy rather than motor denervation. Triple immunofluorescence demonstrated cytosolic ATXN2 aggregates sequestrating TDP43 and TIA1 from the nucleus. In immunoblots, this was accompanied by elevated CASP3, RIPK1 and PQBP1 abundance. RT-qPCR showed increase of Grn, Tlr7 and Rnaset2 mRNA versus Eif5a2, Dcp2, Uhmk1 and Kif5a decrease. These SCA2 findings overlap well with known ALS features. Similar to other ataxias and dystonias, decreased mRNA levels for Unc80, Tacr1, Gnal, Ano3, Kcna2, Elovl5 and Cdr1 contrasted with Gpnmb increase. Preterminal stage tissue showed strongly activated microglia containing ATXN2 aggregates, with parallel astrogliosis. Global transcriptome profiles from stages of incipient motor deficit versus preterminal age identified molecules with progressive downregulation, where a cluster of cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes including Dhcr24, Msmo1, Idi1 and Hmgcs1 was prominent. Gas chromatography demonstrated a massive loss of crucial cholesterol precursor metabolites. Overall, the ATXN2 protein aggregation process affects diverse subcellular compartments, in particular stress granules, endoplasmic reticulum and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. These findings identify new targets and potential biomarkers for neuroprotective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Canet-Pons
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nesli-Ece Sen
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Aleksandar Arsović
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Luis-Enrique Almaguer-Mederos
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Center for Investigation and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), Holguín, Cuba
| | - Melanie V Halbach
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jana Key
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Claudia Döring
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anja Kerksiek
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Gina Picchiarelli
- UMRS-1118 INSERM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Raphaelle Cassel
- UMRS-1118 INSERM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Frédérique René
- UMRS-1118 INSERM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphane Dieterlé
- UMRS-1118 INSERM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nina V Fuchs
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Renate König
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Luc Dupuis
- UMRS-1118 INSERM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Suzana Gispert
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Georg Auburger
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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14
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Ma X, Huang M, Zheng M, Dai C, Song Q, Zhang Q, Li Q, Gu X, Chen H, Jiang G, Yu Y, Liu X, Li S, Wang G, Chen H, Lu L, Gao X. ADSCs-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate neuronal damage, promote neurogenesis and rescue memory loss in mice with Alzheimer's disease. J Control Release 2020; 327:688-702. [PMID: 32931898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite the various mechanisms that involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), neuronal damage and synaptic dysfunction are the key events leading to cognition impairment. Therefore, neuroprotection and neurogenesis would provide essential alternatives to the rescue of AD cognitive function. Here we demonstrated that extracellular vesicles secreted from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs-derived EVs, abbreviated as EVs) entered the brain quickly and efficiently following intranasal administration, and majorly accumulated in neurons within the central nervous system (CNS). Proteomics analysis showed that EVs contained multiple proteins possessing neuroprotective and neurogenesis activities, and neuronal RNA sequencing showed genes enrichment in neuroprotection and neurogenesis following the treatment with EVs. As a result, EVs exerted powerful neuroprotective effect on Aβ1-42 oligomer or glutamate-induced neuronal toxicity, effectively ameliorated neurologic damage in the whole brain areas, remarkably increased newborn neurons and powerfully rescued memory deficits in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. EVs also reduced Aβ deposition and decreased microglia activation although in a less extent. Collectively, here we provide direct evidence that ADSCs-derived EVs may potentially serve as an alternative for AD therapy through alleviating neuronal damage and promoting neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Meng Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Mengna Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chengxiang Dai
- Cellular Biomedicine Group, Inc., Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qingxiang Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qian Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiao Gu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Gan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ye Yu
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 145 Middle Shan Dong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Xuesong Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 145 Middle Shan Dong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Suke Li
- Cellular Biomedicine Group, Inc., Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hongzhuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liangjing Lu
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 145 Middle Shan Dong Road, Shanghai 200001, China.
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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15
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Al Eissa MM, Sharp SI, O’ Brien NL, Fiorentino A, Bass NJ, Curtis D, McQuillin A. Genetic association and functional characterization of MCPH1 gene variation in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2019; 180:258-265. [PMID: 30859703 PMCID: PMC8005923 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A rare microcephalin 1 gene (MCPH1) variant rs61749465A>G (p.Asp61Gly) with prior evidence for association with schizophrenia (p = 3.78 × 10-7 ) was tested for association in 2,300 bipolar disorder (BPD) participants, 1,930 SCZ participants and 1,820 normal comparison subjects. We report evidence for association of rs61749465A>G with BPD (p = 0.0009). rs61749465 is located in the N-terminal of the BRCT1 domain of MCPH1. Bioinformatic analysis predicted the Asp61Gly substitution to be damaging to MCPH1 function. A second MCPH1 BRCT1 domain variant (rs199422124C>G; p.Thr27Arg), reported to cause autosomal recessive microcephaly, was not detected in the participants tested here. We sought to characterize the functional effects of these variants on MCPH1 function. Cell count assays indicated that rs199422124 allele G had a greater impact on cell survival compared to the G allele of rs61749465. Gene expression analysis combined with gene network and pathway analysis indicated that rs61749465 allele G may impact protein translation and cell cycle control. The evidence for association between rs61749465A>G and psychosis in both BPD and SCZ warrants further replication. Likewise, the data from the functional analyses point to molecular mechanisms that may underlie the proposed MCPH1 mediated risk of psychosis and pathogenesis in autosomal recessive microcephaly require additional experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam M Al Eissa
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Rockefeller Building, 21 University Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sally I Sharp
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Rockefeller Building, 21 University Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Niamh L O’ Brien
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Rockefeller Building, 21 University Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alessia Fiorentino
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Rockefeller Building, 21 University Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nicholas J Bass
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Rockefeller Building, 21 University Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - David Curtis
- UCL Genetics Institute, UCL, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E, 6BT, UK
| | - Andrew McQuillin
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Rockefeller Building, 21 University Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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16
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Ganapathi M, Padgett LR, Yamada K, Devinsky O, Willaert R, Person R, Au PYB, Tagoe J, McDonald M, Karlowicz D, Wolf B, Lee J, Shen Y, Okur V, Deng L, LeDuc CA, Wang J, Hanner A, Mirmira RG, Park MH, Mastracci TL, Chung WK. Recessive Rare Variants in Deoxyhypusine Synthase, an Enzyme Involved in the Synthesis of Hypusine, Are Associated with a Neurodevelopmental Disorder. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:287-298. [PMID: 30661771 PMCID: PMC6369575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypusine is formed post-translationally from lysine and is found in a single cellular protein, eukaryotic translation initiation factor-5A (eIF5A), and its homolog eIF5A2. Biosynthesis of hypusine is a two-step reaction involving the enzymes deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH). eIF5A is highly conserved throughout eukaryotic evolution and plays a role in mRNA translation, cellular proliferation, cellular differentiation, and inflammation. DHPS is also highly conserved and is essential for life, as Dhps-null mice are embryonic lethal. Using exome sequencing, we identified rare biallelic, recurrent, predicted likely pathogenic variants in DHPS segregating with disease in five affected individuals from four unrelated families. These individuals have similar neurodevelopmental features that include global developmental delay and seizures. Two of four affected females have short stature. All five affected individuals share a recurrent missense variant (c.518A>G [p.Asn173Ser]) in trans with a likely gene disrupting variant (c.1014+1G>A, c.912_917delTTACAT [p.Tyr305_Ile306del], or c.1A>G [p.Met1?]). cDNA studies demonstrated that the c.1014+1G>A variant causes aberrant splicing. Recombinant DHPS enzyme harboring either the p.Asn173Ser or p.Tyr305_Ile306del variant showed reduced (20%) or absent in vitro activity, respectively. We co-transfected constructs overexpressing HA-tagged DHPS (wild-type or mutant) and GFP-tagged eIF5A into HEK293T cells to determine the effect of these variants on hypusine biosynthesis and observed that the p.Tyr305_Ile306del and p.Asn173Ser variants resulted in reduced hypusination of eIF5A compared to wild-type DHPS enzyme. Our data suggest that rare biallelic variants in DHPS result in reduced enzyme activity that limits the hypusination of eIF5A and are associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mythily Ganapathi
- Personalized Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Leah R Padgett
- Regenerative Medicine & Metabolic Biology, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kentaro Yamada
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Neurology Department, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | | | - Ping-Yee Billie Au
- Department of Medical Genetics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Julia Tagoe
- Department of Medical Genetics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Marie McDonald
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Danielle Karlowicz
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Barry Wolf
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Joanna Lee
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Volkan Okur
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Liyong Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Charles A LeDuc
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jiayao Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ashleigh Hanner
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4340, USA
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Myung Hee Park
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4340, USA
| | - Teresa L Mastracci
- Regenerative Medicine & Metabolic Biology, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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17
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de Proença ARG, Pereira KD, Meneguello L, Tamborlin L, Luchessi AD. Insulin action on protein synthesis and its association with eIF5A expression and hypusination. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:587-596. [PMID: 30519811 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4512-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The hormone insulin plays a central role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. In relation to protein metabolism, insulin stimulates amino acid uptake and activates protein synthesis in responsive cells by modulation of signal transduction pathways, such as associated to Akt/PkB, mTOR, S6Ks, 4E-BP1, and several translation initiation/elongation factors. In this context, there is no information on direct cellular treatment with insulin and effects on eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) regulation. The eIF5A protein contains an exclusive amino acid residue denominated hypusine, which is essential for its activity and synthesized by posttranslational modification of a specific lysine residue using spermidine as substrate. The eIF5A protein is involved in cellular proliferation and differentiation processes, as observed for satellite cells derived from rat muscles, revealing that eIF5A has an important role in muscle regeneration. The aim of this study was to determine whether eIF5A expression and hypusination are influenced by direct treatment of insulin on L6 myoblast cells. We observed that insulin increased the content of eIF5A transcripts. This effect occurred in cells treated or depleted of fetal bovine serum, revealing a positive insulin effect independent of other serum components. In addition, it was observed that hypusination follows the maintenance of eIF5A protein content in the serum depleted cells and treated with insulin. These results demonstrate that eIF5A is modulated by insulin, contributing the protein synthesis machinery control, as observed by puromycin incorporation in nascent proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karina Danielle Pereira
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leticia Meneguello
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leticia Tamborlin
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Augusto Ducati Luchessi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, Limeira, São Paulo, 13484-350, Brazil.
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18
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Cagnetta R, Frese CK, Shigeoka T, Krijgsveld J, Holt CE. Rapid Cue-Specific Remodeling of the Nascent Axonal Proteome. Neuron 2018; 99:29-46.e4. [PMID: 30008298 PMCID: PMC6048689 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Axonal protein synthesis and degradation are rapidly regulated by extrinsic signals during neural wiring, but the full landscape of proteomic changes remains unknown due to limitations in axon sampling and sensitivity. By combining pulsed stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture with single-pot solid-phase-enhanced sample preparation, we characterized the nascent proteome of isolated retinal axons on an unparalleled rapid timescale (5 min). Our analysis detects 350 basally translated axonal proteins on average, including several linked to neurological disease. Axons stimulated by different cues (Netrin-1, BDNF, Sema3A) show distinct signatures with more than 100 different nascent protein species up- or downregulated within the first 5 min followed by further dynamic remodeling. Switching repulsion to attraction triggers opposite regulation of a subset of common nascent proteins. Our findings thus reveal the rapid remodeling of the axonal proteomic landscape by extrinsic cues and uncover a logic underlying attraction versus repulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Cagnetta
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Christian K Frese
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstr. 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Toshiaki Shigeoka
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Jeroen Krijgsveld
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstr. 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Excellence Cluster CellNetworks, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| | - Christine E Holt
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK.
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19
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Schultz CR, Geerts D, Mooney M, El-Khawaja R, Koster J, Bachmann AS. Synergistic drug combination GC7/DFMO suppresses hypusine/spermidine-dependent eIF5A activation and induces apoptotic cell death in neuroblastoma. Biochem J 2018; 475:531-545. [PMID: 29295892 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A), which contributes to several crucial processes during protein translation, is the only protein that requires activation by a unique post-translational hypusine modification. eIF5A hypusination controls cell proliferation and has been linked to cancer. eIF5A hypusination requires the enzymes deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase and uniquely depends on the polyamine (PA) spermidine as the sole substrate. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is the rate-limiting enzyme in PA biosynthesis. Both ODC and PAs control cell proliferation and are frequently dysregulated in cancer. Since only spermidine can activate eIF5A, we chose the hypusine-PA nexus as a rational target to identify new drug combinations with synergistic antiproliferative effects. We show that elevated mRNA levels of the two target enzymes DHPS and ODC correlate with poor prognosis in a large cohort of neuroblastoma (NB) tumors. The DHPS inhibitor GC7 (N1-guanyl-1,7-diaminoheptane) and the ODC inhibitor α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) are target-specific and in combination induced synergistic effects in NB at concentrations that were not individually cytotoxic. Strikingly, while each drug alone at higher concentrations is known to induce p21/Rb- or p27/Rb-mediated G1 cell cycle arrest, we found that the drug combination induced caspase 3/7/9, but not caspase 8-mediated apoptosis, in NB cells. Hypusinated eIF5A levels and intracellular spermidine levels correlated directly with drug treatments, signifying specific drug targeting effects. This two-pronged GC7/DFMO combination approach specifically inhibits both spermidine biosynthesis and post-translational, spermidine-dependent hypusine-eIF5A activation, offering an exciting clue for improved NB drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad R Schultz
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, U.S.A
| | - Dirk Geerts
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marie Mooney
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, U.S.A
| | | | - Jan Koster
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André S Bachmann
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, U.S.A.
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Hannan MA, Mohibbullah M, Hong YK, Moon IS. Proteomic Analysis of the Neurotrophic Effect of Gelidium amansii in Primary Cultured Neurons. J Med Food 2017; 20:279-287. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Abdul Hannan
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mohibbullah
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ki Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University Graduate School of Medicine, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
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21
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Cyclic AMP and Polyamines Overcome Inhibition by Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein through eIF5A-Mediated Increases in p35 Expression and Activation of Cdk5. J Neurosci 2016; 36:3079-91. [PMID: 26961960 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4012-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory molecules associated with CNS myelin, such as myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), represent major obstacles to axonal regeneration following CNS injury. Our laboratory has shown that elevating levels of intracellular cAMP, via application of the nonhydrolyzable analog dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP), can block the inhibitory effects of MAG and myelin. We have also shown that elevation of cAMP results in upregulation of arginase I and increased polyamine synthesis. Treatment with putrescine or spermidine blocks myelin-mediated inhibition of neurite outgrowth, but the mechanism underlying this effect has not yet been elucidated. Here we show that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is required for dbcAMP and putrescine to overcome MAG-mediated inhibition. The ability of dbcAMP and putrescine to overcome inhibition by MAG is abolished in the presence of roscovitine, a Cdk inhibitor that has greater selectivity for Cdk5, and expression of dominant negative Cdk5 abolishes the ability of dbcAMP or putrescine to enhance neurite outgrowth in the presence of MAG. Importantly, dbcAMP and putrescine increase expression of p35, the neuron-specific activator of Cdk5, and rat DRG neurons transduced with HSV overexpressing p35 can overcome inhibition by MAG. The upregulation of p35 by putrescine is also reflected in increased localization of p35 to neurites and growth cones. Last, we show that putrescine upregulates p35 expression by serving as a substrate for hypusine modification of eIF5A, and that this hypusination is necessary for putrescine's ability to overcome inhibition by MAG. Our findings reveal a previously unknown mechanism by which polyamines may encourage regeneration after CNS injury.
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22
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The hypusine cascade promotes cancer progression and metastasis through the regulation of RhoA in squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2016; 35:5304-5316. [PMID: 27041563 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is a critical factor contributing to poor prognosis in cancer, but the underlying mechanisms of metastasis are still poorly understood. We established a highly metastatic cell subline (HOC313-LM) derived from an oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line (HOC313) for uncovering the mechanisms of metastasis, and identified deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) as a metastasis-associated gene within the specific amplification at 19p13.2-p13.13 in HOC313-LM. DHPS-mediated hypusine-modification of eukaryotic translation factor 5A facilitated the translation of RhoA, resulting in the activation of the RhoA signaling pathway and leading to not only increased cell motility, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells in vitro, but also increased tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, the use of N1-Guanyl-1,7-diaminoheptane, a DHPS inhibitor, resulted in a significant decrease in tumor formation in vivo. In patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), overexpression of DHPS in ESCC tumors was significantly associated with worse recurrence-free survival, and correlated with distant metastasis. The elucidation of these molecular mechanisms within the hypusine cascade suggests opportunities for novel therapeutic targets in SCC.
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23
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Guerra GP, Rubin MA, Mello CF. Modulation of learning and memory by natural polyamines. Pharmacol Res 2016; 112:99-118. [PMID: 27015893 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Spermine and spermidine are natural polyamines that are produced mainly via decarboxylation of l-ornithine and the sequential transfer of aminopropyl groups from S-adenosylmethionine to putrescine by spermidine synthase and spermine synthase. Spermine and spermidine interact with intracellular and extracellular acidic residues of different nature, including nucleic acids, phospholipids, acidic proteins, carboxyl- and sulfate-containing polysaccharides. Therefore, multiple actions have been suggested for these polycations, including modulation of the activity of ionic channels, protein synthesis, protein kinases, and cell proliferation/death, within others. In this review we summarize these neurochemical/neurophysiological/morphological findings, particularly those that have been implicated in the improving and deleterious effects of spermine and spermidine on learning and memory of naïve animals in shock-motivated and nonshock-motivated tasks, from a historical perspective. The interaction with the opioid system, the facilitation and disruption of morphine-induced reward and the effect of polyamines and putative polyamine antagonists on animal models of cognitive diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Huntington, acute neuroinflammation and brain trauma are also reviewed and discussed. The increased production of polyamines in Alzheimer's disease and the biphasic nature of the effects of polyamines on memory and on the NMDA receptor are also considered. In light of the current literature on polyamines, which include the description of an inborn error of the metabolism characterized by mild-to moderate mental retardation and polyamine metabolism alterations in suicide completers, we can anticipate that polyamine targets may be important for the development of novel strategies and approaches for understanding the etiopathogenesis of important central disorders and their pharmacological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Petri Guerra
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campus Medianeira, Medianeira, PR 85884-000, Brazil
| | - Maribel Antonello Rubin
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Fernando Mello
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
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24
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Lombard-Banek C, Moody SA, Nemes P. Single-Cell Mass Spectrometry for Discovery Proteomics: Quantifying Translational Cell Heterogeneity in the 16-Cell Frog (Xenopus) Embryo. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:2454-8. [PMID: 26756663 PMCID: PMC4755155 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201510411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We advance mass spectrometry from a cell population‐averaging tool to one capable of quantifying the expression of diverse proteins in single embryonic cells. Our instrument combines capillary electrophoresis (CE), electrospray ionization, and a tribrid ultrahigh‐resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS) to enable untargeted (discovery) proteomics with ca. 25 amol lower limit of detection. CE‐μESI‐HRMS enabled the identification of 500–800 nonredundant protein groups by measuring 20 ng, or <0.2% of the total protein content in single blastomeres that were isolated from the 16‐cell frog (Xenopus laevis) embryo, amounting to a total of 1709 protein groups identified between n=3 biological replicates. By quantifying ≈150 nonredundant protein groups between all blastomeres and replicate measurements, we found significant translational cell heterogeneity along multiple axes of the embryo at this very early stage of development when the transcriptional program of the embryo has yet to begin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Lombard-Banek
- Department of Chemistry, W. M. Keck Institute for Proteomics Technology and Applications, The George Washington University, 800 22ndStreet, NW, Suite 4000, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Sally A Moody
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Peter Nemes
- Department of Chemistry, W. M. Keck Institute for Proteomics Technology and Applications, The George Washington University, 800 22ndStreet, NW, Suite 4000, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
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25
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Lombard‐Banek C, Moody SA, Nemes P. Single‐Cell Mass Spectrometry for Discovery Proteomics: Quantifying Translational Cell Heterogeneity in the 16‐Cell Frog (
Xenopus
) Embryo. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201510411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Lombard‐Banek
- Department of Chemistry W. M. Keck Institute for Proteomics Technology and Applications The George Washington University 800 22ndStreet, NW, Suite 4000 Washington DC 20052 USA
| | - Sally A. Moody
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology The George Washington University Washington DC 20052 USA
| | - Peter Nemes
- Department of Chemistry W. M. Keck Institute for Proteomics Technology and Applications The George Washington University 800 22ndStreet, NW, Suite 4000 Washington DC 20052 USA
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Acute Putrescine Supplementation with Schwann Cell Implantation Improves Sensory and Serotonergic Axon Growth and Functional Recovery in Spinal Cord Injured Rats. Neural Plast 2015; 2015:186385. [PMID: 26550496 PMCID: PMC4621347 DOI: 10.1155/2015/186385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Schwann cell (SC) transplantation exhibits significant potential for spinal cord injury (SCI) repair and its use as a therapeutic modality has now progressed to clinical trials for subacute and chronic human SCI. Although SC implants provide a receptive environment for axonal regrowth and support functional recovery in a number of experimental SCI models, axonal regeneration is largely limited to local systems and the behavioral improvements are modest without additional combinatory approaches. In the current study we investigated whether the concurrent delivery of the polyamine putrescine, started either 30 min or 1 week after SCI, could enhance the efficacy of SCs when implanted subacutely (1 week after injury) into the contused rat spinal cord. Polyamines are ubiquitous organic cations that play an important role in the regulation of the cell cycle, cell division, cytoskeletal organization, and cell differentiation. We show that the combination of putrescine with SCs provides a significant increase in implant size, an enhancement in axonal (sensory and serotonergic) sparing and/or growth, and improved open field locomotion after SCI, as compared to SC implantation alone. These findings demonstrate that polyamine supplementation can augment the effectiveness of SCs when used as a therapeutic approach for subacute SCI repair.
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27
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Bassiri H, Benavides A, Haber M, Gilmour SK, Norris MD, Hogarty MD. Translational development of difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) for the treatment of neuroblastoma. Transl Pediatr 2015; 4:226-38. [PMID: 26835380 PMCID: PMC4729051 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2224-4336.2015.04.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a childhood tumor in which MYC oncogenes are commonly activated to drive tumor progression. Survival for children with high-risk neuroblastoma remains poor despite treatment that incorporates high-dose chemotherapy, stem cell support, surgery, radiation therapy and immunotherapy. More effective and less toxic treatments are sought and one approach under clinical development involves re-purposing the anti-protozoan drug difluoromethylornithine (DFMO; Eflornithine) as a neuroblastoma therapeutic. DFMO is an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (Odc), a MYC target gene, bona fide oncogene, and the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine synthesis. DFMO is approved for the treatment of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense encephalitis ("African sleeping sickness") since polyamines are essential for the proliferation of these protozoa. However, polyamines are also critical for mammalian cell proliferation and the finding that MYC coordinately regulates all aspects of polyamine metabolism suggests polyamines may be required to support cancer promotion by MYC. Pre-emptive blockade of polyamine synthesis is sufficient to block tumor initiation in an otherwise fully penetrant transgenic mouse model of neuroblastoma driven by MYCN, underscoring the necessity of polyamines in this process. Moreover, polyamine depletion regimens exert potent anti-tumor activity in pre-clinical models of established neuroblastoma as well, in combination with numerous chemotherapeutic agents and even in tumors with unfavorable genetic features such as MYCN, ALK or TP53 mutation. This has led to the testing of DFMO in clinical trials for children with neuroblastoma. Current trial designs include testing lower dose DFMO alone (2,000 mg/m(2)/day) starting at the completion of standard therapy, or higher doses combined with chemotherapy (up to 9,000 mg/m(2)/day) for patients with relapsed disease that has progressed. In this review we will discuss important considerations for the future design of DFMO-based clinical trials for neuroblastoma, focusing on the need to better define the principal mechanisms of anti-tumor activity for polyamine depletion regimens. Putative DFMO activities that are both cancer cell intrinsic (targeting the principal oncogenic driver, MYC) and cancer cell extrinsic (altering the tumor microenvironment to support anti-tumor immunity) will be discussed. Understanding the mechanisms of DFMO activity are critical in determining how it might be best leveraged in upcoming clinical trials. This mechanistic approach also provides a platform by which iterative pre-clinical testing using translational tumor models may complement our clinical approaches.
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28
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Oliverio S, Corazzari M, Sestito C, Piredda L, Ippolito G, Piacentini M. The spermidine analogue GC7 (N1-guanyl-1,7-diamineoheptane) induces autophagy through a mechanism not involving the hypusination of eIF5A. Amino Acids 2014; 46:2767-76. [PMID: 25218134 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1821-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The exogenous administration of spermidine promotes longevity in many model organisms. It has been proposed that this anti-age activity of spermidine is related to this polyamine's ability to promote autophagy. Since spermidine is the substrate for the eIF5A post-translational modification by hypusination, we asked ourselves whether mature eIF5A may represent the link between spermidine and autophagy induction. To test this hypothesis, we inhibited the conversion of native eIF5A by a pharmacological approach, using the N1-guanyl-1,7-diamineoheptane (GC7), a spermidine analogue which competitively and reversibly inhibits deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS). In addition, we also employed genetic approaches by ablating both the eIF5A protein itself and DHS, the rate limiting enzyme catalyzing the conversion of lysine to hypusine. Collectively the data presented in this study demonstrate that the mature eIF5A (hypusinated form) is not involved in the autophagic pathway and that the inhibitor of DHS, GC7, produces off-target effect(s) resulting in marked induction of basal autophagy. These data are relevant in light of the fact that GC7 is considered a potent and selective inhibitor of DHS and is a potential candidate drug for cancer, diabetes and HIV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serafina Oliverio
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via Della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
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29
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Expression quantitative trait loci and receptor pharmacology implicate Arg1 and the GABA-A receptor as therapeutic targets in neuroblastoma. Cell Rep 2014; 9:1034-46. [PMID: 25437558 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of targeted therapeutics for neuroblastoma, the third most common tumor in children, has been limited by a poor understanding of growth signaling mechanisms unique to the peripheral nerve precursors from which tumors arise. In this study, we combined genetics with gene-expression analysis in the peripheral sympathetic nervous system to implicate arginase 1 and GABA signaling in tumor formation in vivo. In human neuroblastoma cells, either blockade of ARG1 or benzodiazepine-mediated activation of GABA-A receptors induced apoptosis and inhibited mitogenic signaling through AKT and MAPK. These results suggest that ARG1 and GABA influence both neural development and neuroblastoma and that benzodiazepines in clinical use may have potential applications for neuroblastoma therapy.
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30
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Gatta V, Granzotto A, Fincati K, Drago D, Bolognin S, Zatta P, Sensi SL. Microarray analysis of gene expression profiles in human neuroblastoma cells exposed to Aβ–Zn and Aβ–Cu complexes. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl.12.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Abnormal metal accumulation is associated with Alzheimer’s disease and plays a relevant role in affecting amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide aggregation and neurotoxicity. Material & Methods: In the present study, employing a microarray analysis of 35,129 genes, we analyzed gene expression profile changes due to exposure to Aβ1-42 –Zn or Aβ1-42 –Cu complexes in neuronal-like cells (SH-SY5Y). Results: Microarray data indicated that Aβ–Zn or Aβ–Cu complexes selectively alter expression of genes mainly related to cell death, inflammatory responses, cytoprotective mechanisms and apoptosis. Conclusions: Taken together, these findings indicate that Aβ1–42 –Zn or Aβ1–42 –Cu show some commonalities in affecting Alzheimer’s disease-related target functions. The overall modulatory activity on these genes supports the idea of a possible net effect resulting in the activation of pathways that counteract toxic effects of Aβ–Zn or Aβ–Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gatta
- Department of Oral Health & Biotechnological Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Functional Genetics Unit – Center of Excellence in Aging (Ce.S.I.), Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - Denise Drago
- CNS Repair Unit – INSPE, Biological Mass Spectrometry Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Bolognin
- Department of Neurological, Neuropsychological, Morphological & Motor Sciences – Physiology & Psychology Unit, Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Zatta
- National Research Council, Biomedical Technology Institute (CNR-ITB), Metalloproteins Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano L Sensi
- Department of Neuroscience & Imaging, “G. D’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
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31
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Buchser WJ, Smith RP, Pardinas JR, Haddox CL, Hutson T, Moon L, Hoffman SR, Bixby JL, Lemmon VP. Peripheral nervous system genes expressed in central neurons induce growth on inhibitory substrates. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38101. [PMID: 22701605 PMCID: PMC3368946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Trauma to the spinal cord and brain can result in irreparable loss of function. This failure of recovery is in part due to inhibition of axon regeneration by myelin and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). Peripheral nervous system (PNS) neurons exhibit increased regenerative ability compared to central nervous system neurons, even in the presence of inhibitory environments. Previously, we identified over a thousand genes differentially expressed in PNS neurons relative to CNS neurons. These genes represent intrinsic differences that may account for the PNS's enhanced regenerative ability. Cerebellar neurons were transfected with cDNAs for each of these PNS genes to assess their ability to enhance neurite growth on inhibitory (CSPG) or permissive (laminin) substrates. Using high content analysis, we evaluated the phenotypic profile of each neuron to extract meaningful data for over 1100 genes. Several known growth associated proteins potentiated neurite growth on laminin. Most interestingly, novel genes were identified that promoted neurite growth on CSPGs (GPX3, EIF2B5, RBMX). Bioinformatic approaches also uncovered a number of novel gene families that altered neurite growth of CNS neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Buchser
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Departments of Pharmacology and Neurological Surgery, and Neuroscience Program, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Robin P. Smith
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Departments of Pharmacology and Neurological Surgery, and Neuroscience Program, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jose R. Pardinas
- Egea Biosciences, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Candace L. Haddox
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Departments of Pharmacology and Neurological Surgery, and Neuroscience Program, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Thomas Hutson
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lawrence Moon
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stanley R. Hoffman
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - John L. Bixby
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Departments of Pharmacology and Neurological Surgery, and Neuroscience Program, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Vance P. Lemmon
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Departments of Pharmacology and Neurological Surgery, and Neuroscience Program, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
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Dias CAO, Gregio APB, Rossi D, Galvão FC, Watanabe TF, Park MH, Valentini SR, Zanelli CF. eIF5A interacts functionally with eEF2. Amino Acids 2012; 42:697-702. [PMID: 21822730 PMCID: PMC3245752 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-0985-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
eIF5A is highly conserved from archaea to mammals, essential for cell viability and the only protein known to contain the essential amino acid residue hypusine, generated by a unique posttranslational modification. eIF5A was originally identified as a translation initiation factor due to its ability to stimulate the formation of the first peptide bond. However, recent studies have shown that depletion of eIF5A causes a significant decrease in polysome run-off and an increase in the ribosome transit time, suggesting that eIF5A is actually involved in the elongation step of protein synthesis. We have previously shown that the depletion mutant tif51A-3 (eIF5A(C39Y/G118D)) shows a sicker phenotype when combined with the dominant negative mutant eft2 ( H699K ) of the elongation factor eEF2. In this study, we used the eIF5A(K56A) mutant to further investigate the relationship between eIF5A and eEF2. The eIF5A(K56A) mutant is temperature sensitive and has a defect in protein synthesis, but instead of causing depletion of the eIF5A protein, this mutant has a defect in hypusine modification. Like the mutant tif51A-3, the eIF5A(K56A) mutant is synthetic sick with the mutant eft2 ( H699K ) of eEF2. High-copy eEF2 not only improves cell growth of the eIF5A(K56A) mutant, but also corrects its increased cell size defect. Moreover, eEF2 suppression of the eIF5A(K56A) mutant is correlated with the improvement of total protein synthesis and with the increased resistance to the protein synthesis inhibitor hygromycin B. Finally, the polysome profile defect of the eIF5A(K56A) mutant is largely corrected by high-copy eEF2. Therefore, these results demonstrate that eIF5A is closely related to eEF2 function during translation elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila A. O. Dias
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Borges Gregio
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Danuza Rossi
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Carrilho Galvão
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiana F. Watanabe
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Myung Hee Park
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sandro R. Valentini
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Cleslei F. Zanelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Dahlan HM, Karsani SA, Rahman MA, Hamid NAA, Top AGM, Ngah WZW. Proteomic analysis reveals that treatment with tocotrienols reverses the effect of H₂O₂ exposure on peroxiredoxin expression in human lymphocytes from young and old individuals. J Nutr Biochem 2011; 23:741-51. [PMID: 21840697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E has been suggested to modulate age-associated changes by altering the redox balance resulting in altered gene and/or protein expression. Here we have utilized proteomics to determine whether such regulation in protein expression occurs in human lymphocytes from two different age groups stressed with H₂O₂ and then treated with vitamin E in the form of tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF). In this study, lymphocytes obtained from young (30-49 years old) and old (>50 years old) volunteers were first challenged with 1 mM H₂O₂. They were then treated by exposure to 50, 100 and 200 μg/ml TRF. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by MALDI-TOF/TOF (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight) tandem mass spectrometry was then performed on whole-cell protein extracts to identify proteins that have changed in expression. A total of 24 proteins were found to be affected by H₂O₂ and/or TRF treatment. These included proteins that were related to metabolism, antioxidants, structural proteins, protein degradation and signal transduction. Of particular interest was the regulation of a number of proteins involved in stress response--peroxiredoxin-2, peroxiredoxin-3 and peroxiredoxin-6-all of which were shown to be down-regulated with H₂O₂ exposure. The effect was reversed following TRF treatment. The expression of peroxiredoxin-2 and peroxiredoxin-6 was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. These results suggested that TRF directly influenced the expression dynamics of the peroxiredoxin-2, thus improving the cells ability to resist damage caused by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasnizawati Mohamed Dahlan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur City Campus, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Dai C, Liang D, Li H, Sasaki M, Dawson TM, Dawson VL. Functional identification of neuroprotective molecules. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15008. [PMID: 21124846 PMCID: PMC2991347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system has the capacity to activate profound neuroprotection following sub-lethal stress in a process termed preconditioning. To gain insight into this potent survival response we developed a functional cloning strategy that identified 31 putative neuroprotective genes of which 28 were confirmed to provide protection against oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) or excitotoxic exposure to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) in primary rat cortical neurons. These results reveal that the brain possesses a wide and diverse repertoire of neuroprotective genes. Further characterization of these and other protective signals could provide new treatment opportunities for neurological injury from ischemia or neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Dai
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dong Liang
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Huiwu Li
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Masayuki Sasaki
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ted M. Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (VLD); (TMD)
| | - Valina L. Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (VLD); (TMD)
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Parreiras-e-Silva LT, Luchessi AD, Reis RI, Oliver C, Jamur MC, Ramos RGP, Oliveira EB, Curi R, Costa-Neto CM. Evidences of a role for eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) in mouse embryogenesis and cell differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2010; 225:500-5. [PMID: 20458750 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) has a unique character: the presence of an unusual amino acid, hypusine, which is formed by post-translational modifications. Even before the identification of hypusination in eIF5A, the correlation between hypusine formation and protein synthesis, shifting cell proliferation rates, had already been observed. Embryogenesis is a complex process in which cellular proliferation and differentiation are intense. In spite of the fact that many studies have described possible functions for eIF5A, its precise role is under investigation, and to date nothing has been reported about its participation in embryonic development. In this study we show that eIF5A is expressed at all mouse embryonic post-implantation stages with increase in eIF5A mRNA and protein expression levels between embryonic days E10.5 and E13.5. Immunohistochemistry revealed the ubiquitous presence of eIF5A in embryonic tissues and organs at E13.5 day. Interestingly, stronger immunoreactivity to eIF5A was observed in the stomodeum, liver, ectoderm, heart, and eye, and the central nervous system; regions which are known to undergo active differentiation at this stage, suggesting a role of eIF5A in differentiation events. Expression analyses of MyoD, a myogenic transcription factor, revealed a significantly higher expression from day E12.5 on, both at the mRNA and the protein levels suggesting a possible correlation to eIF5A. Accordingly, we next evidenced that inhibiting eIF5A hypusination in mouse myoblast C2C12 cells impairs their differentiation into myotubes and decreases MyoD transcript levels. Those results point to a new functional role for eIF5A, relating it to embryogenesis, development, and cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas T Parreiras-e-Silva
- Faculty of Medicine at Ribeirão Preto, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Lee NP, Tsang FH, Shek FH, Mao M, Dai H, Zhang C, Dong S, Guan XY, Poon RTP, Luk JM. Prognostic significance and therapeutic potential of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:968-76. [PMID: 19998337 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Using comparative proteomic and genomic approaches, the authors identified eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) as an oncofetal molecule highly abundant in mouse embryonic livers and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines. To evaluate the oncogenic role and prognostic significance of eIF5A in HCC, we investigate the expression patterns of the two isoforms (eIF5A1 and eIF5A2) in a cohort of 258 HCC cases by cDNA microarray. Both eIF5A isoforms were expressed in the tumors, and clinically correlated eIF5A1 with more numbers of tumor nodules and eIF5A2 with tumor venous infiltration in HCC. In a separate cohort of 50 HCCs, high level of eIF5A2, but not eIF5A1, was associated with elevated levels of deoxyhypusine synthase and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase that catalyze post-translational hypusination of eIF5A protein. Interestingly, N1-guanyl-1,7-diaminoheptane (GC7), which is an inhibitor for the first step of eIF5A hypusination, was shown to significantly impair the cell proliferation and invasion of primary HCC cells (HepG2 and Hep3B). To further demonstrate the tumorigenic role associated with eIF5A, a drastic reduction of cell proliferation was associated with suppression of eIF5A2 by transfecting Hep3B, H2-P and H2-M HCC cells expressing high level of this isoform using small interfering RNA (siRNA) against eIF5A2. For these assays, a milder response was usually observed in normal hepatocyte cell line. Therefore, these findings suggest that eIF5A plays an important role in HCC tumorigenesis and metastasis, and targeting eIF5A hypusination by GC7 inhibitor or eIF5A2 by RNA interference (RNAi) may offer new therapeutic alternatives to HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki P Lee
- Department of Surgery and Center for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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Ivanov IP, Matsufuji S. Autoregulatory Frameshifting in Antizyme Gene Expression Governs Polyamine Levels from Yeast to Mammals. RECODING: EXPANSION OF DECODING RULES ENRICHES GENE EXPRESSION 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-89382-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Li C, Wang W, Wang H, Zhong Y, Di J, Lin Y. Proteomic analysis of proteins differentially expressed in uterine lymphocytes obtained from wild-type and NOD mice. J Cell Biochem 2009; 108:447-57. [PMID: 19623579 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice exhibit impaired fertility and decreased litter size when compared to wild type (WT) mice. However, it is unclear why allogeneic pregnant NOD mice are prone to spontaneous embryo loss. Herein, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry (MS) were used to detect differentially expressed proteins in the uterine lymphocytes isolated from these mice and WT BALB/c controls. We found 24 differentially expressed proteins. The differential expression of 10 of these proteins was further confirmed by Western blot analysis. Out of the 24 identified proteins, 20 were expressed in uterine lymphocytes of WT mice at a level at least 2 times higher than in NOD mice, whereas 4 were down-regulated. Western blot analysis confirmed that 8 proteins were up-regulated and 2 proteins were down-regulated in WT mice compared with NOD mice, consistent with the results of 2-DE and MS. Additionally, most of the highly expressed proteins in WT uterine lymphocytes were expressed at a significantly lower level in the corresponding splenic group (17/20). These results suggest that up-regulated expression of these proteins may be specific to uterine lymphocytes. Reported functions of the highly expressed proteins affect key functions during pregnancy, including cell movement, cell cycle control, and metabolisms. Finally, we analyzed the constitutional ratio of CD3(+) and CD49b(+) cells in the isolated lymphocytes by flow cytometry. Our results suggest that the differentially expressed proteins may participate in the modulation of embryo implantation and early-stage development of embryos, and subsequently influence pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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Hoque M, Hanauske-Abel HM, Palumbo P, Saxena D, D'Alliessi Gandolfi D, Park MH, Pe'ery T, Mathews MB. Inhibition of HIV-1 gene expression by Ciclopirox and Deferiprone, drugs that prevent hypusination of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A. Retrovirology 2009; 6:90. [PMID: 19825182 PMCID: PMC2770518 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF5A has been implicated in HIV-1 replication. This protein contains the apparently unique amino acid hypusine that is formed by the post-translational modification of a lysine residue catalyzed by deoxyhypusine synthase and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH). DOHH activity is inhibited by two clinically used drugs, the topical fungicide ciclopirox and the systemic medicinal iron chelator deferiprone. Deferiprone has been reported to inhibit HIV-1 replication in tissue culture. RESULTS Ciclopirox and deferiprone blocked HIV-1 replication in PBMCs. To examine the underlying mechanisms, we investigated the action of the drugs on eIF5A modification and HIV-1 gene expression in model systems. At early times after drug exposure, both drugs inhibited substrate binding to DOHH and prevented the formation of mature eIF5A. Viral gene expression from HIV-1 molecular clones was suppressed at the RNA level independently of all viral genes. The inhibition was specific for the viral promoter and occurred at the level of HIV-1 transcription initiation. Partial knockdown of eIF5A-1 by siRNA led to inhibition of HIV-1 gene expression that was non-additive with drug action. These data support the importance of eIF5A and hypusine formation in HIV-1 gene expression. CONCLUSION At clinically relevant concentrations, two widely used drugs blocked HIV-1 replication ex vivo. They specifically inhibited expression from the HIV-1 promoter at the level of transcription initiation. Both drugs interfered with the hydroxylation step in the hypusine modification of eIF5A. These results have profound implications for the potential therapeutic use of these drugs as antiretrovirals and for the development of optimized analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainul Hoque
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Hartmut M Hanauske-Abel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Women's Health, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, NJ 07103, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Paul Palumbo
- Department of Pediatrics, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, NJ 07103, USA
- Current Address: Section of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Dartmouth Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Deepti Saxena
- Department of Pediatrics, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, NJ 07103, USA
- Current Address: Section of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Dartmouth Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | | | - Myung Hee Park
- National Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tsafi Pe'ery
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, NJ 07103, USA
- Department of Medicine, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Michael B Mathews
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, NJ 07103, USA
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Increased synthesis of spermidine as a result of upregulation of arginase I promotes axonal regeneration in culture and in vivo. J Neurosci 2009; 29:9545-52. [PMID: 19641117 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1175-09.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult spinal axons do not spontaneously regenerate after injury. However, if the peripheral branch of dorsal root ganglion neurons is lesioned before lesioning the central branch of the same neurons in the dorsal column, these central axons will regenerate and, if cultured, are not inhibited from extending neurites by myelin-associated inhibitors of regeneration such as myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG). This effect can be mimicked by elevating cAMP and is transcription dependent. The ability of cAMP to overcome inhibition by MAG in culture involves the upregulation of the enzyme arginase I (Arg I) and subsequent increase in synthesis of polyamines such as putrescine. Now we show that a peripheral lesion also induces an increase in Arg I expression and synthesis of polyamines. We also show that the conditioning lesion effect in overcoming inhibition by MAG is initially dependent on ongoing polyamine synthesis but, with time after lesion, becomes independent of ongoing synthesis. However, if synthesis of polyamines is blocked in vivo the early phase of good growth after a conditioning lesion is completely blocked and the later phase of growth, when ongoing polyamine synthesis is not required during culture, is attenuated. We also show that putrescine must be converted to spermidine both in culture and in vivo to overcome inhibition by MAG and that spermidine can promote optic nerve regeneration in vivo. These results suggest that spermidine could be a useful tool in promoting CNS axon regeneration after injury.
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Luchessi AD, Cambiaghi TD, Hirabara SM, Lambertucci RH, Silveira LR, Baptista IL, Moriscot AS, Costa-Neto CM, Curi R. Involvement of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) in skeletal muscle stem cell differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2009; 218:480-9. [PMID: 19006180 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) contains a special amino acid residue named hypusine that is required for its activity, being produced by a post-translational modification using spermidine as substrate. Stem cells from rat skeletal muscles (satellite cells) were submitted to differentiation and an increase of eIF5A gene expression was observed. Higher content of eIF5A protein was found in satellite cells on differentiation in comparison to non-differentiated satellite cells and skeletal muscle. The treatment with N1-guanyl-1,7-diaminoheptane (GC7), a hypusination inhibitor, reversibly abolished the differentiation process. In association with the differentiation blockage, an increase of glucose consumption and lactate production and a decrease of glucose and palmitic acid oxidation were observed. A reduction in cell proliferation and protein synthesis was also observed. L-Arginine, a spermidine precursor and partial suppressor of muscle dystrophic phenotype, partially abolished the GC7 inhibitory effect on satellite cell differentiation. These results reveal a new physiological role for eIF5A and contribute to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto D Luchessi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Vigne P, Frelin C. The role of polyamines in protein-dependent hypoxic tolerance of Drosophila. BMC PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 8:22. [PMID: 19055734 PMCID: PMC2613936 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6793-8-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic hypoxia is a major component of ischemic diseases such as stroke or myocardial infarction. Drosophila is more tolerant to hypoxia than most mammalian species. It is considered as a useful model organism to identify new mechanisms of hypoxic tolerance. The hypoxic tolerance of flies has previously been reported to be enhanced by low protein diets. This study analyses the mechanisms involved. Results Feeding adult Drosophila on a yeast diet dramatically reduced their longevities under chronic hypoxic conditions (5% O2). Mean and maximum longevities became close to the values observed for starving flies. The action of dietary yeast was mimicked by a whole casein hydrolysate and by anyone of the 20 natural amino acids that compose proteins. It was mimicked by amino acid intermediates of the urea cycle such as L-citrulline and L-ornithine, and by polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine). α-difluoromethylornithine, a specific inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, partially protected hypoxic flies from amino acid toxicity but not from polyamine toxicity. N1-guanyl-1,7 diaminoheptane, a specific inhibitor of eIF5A hypusination, partially relieved the toxicities of both amino acids and polyamines. Conclusion Dietary amino acids reduced the longevity of chronically hypoxic flies fed on a sucrose diet. Pharmacological evidence suggests that the synthesis of polyamines and the hypusination of eIF5A contributed to the life-shortening effect of dietary amino acids.
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Luchessi AD, Cambiaghi TD, Alves AS, Parreiras-E-Silva LT, Britto LRG, Costa-Neto CM, Curi R. Insights on eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) in the brain and aging. Brain Res 2008; 1228:6-13. [PMID: 18606156 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Revised: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 06/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Long-term memory, a persistent form of synaptic plasticity, requires translation of a subset of mRNA present in neuronal dendrites during a short and critical period through a mechanism not yet fully elucidated. Western blotting analysis revealed a high content of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) in the brain of neonatal rats, a period of intense neurogenesis rate, differentiation and synaptic establishment, when compared to adult rats. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that eIF5A is present in the whole brain of adult rats showing a variable content among the cells from different areas (e.g. cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum). A high content of eIF5A in the soma and dendrites of Purkinje cells, key neurons in the control of motor long-term memory in the cerebellum, was observed. Detection of high eIF5A content was revealed in dendritic varicosities of Purkinje cells. Evidence is presented herein that a reduction of eIF5A content is associated to brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto D Luchessi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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uORFs with unusual translational start codons autoregulate expression of eukaryotic ornithine decarboxylase homologs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:10079-84. [PMID: 18626014 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0801590105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In a minority of eukaryotic mRNAs, a small functional upstream ORF (uORF), often performing a regulatory role, precedes the translation start site for the main product(s). Here, conserved uORFs in numerous ornithine decarboxylase homologs are identified from yeast to mammals. Most have noncanonical evolutionarily conserved start codons, the main one being AUU, which has not been known as an initiator for eukaryotic chromosomal genes. The AUG-less uORF present in mouse antizyme inhibitor, one of the ornithine decarboxylase homologs in mammals, mediates polyamine-induced repression of the downstream main ORF. This repression is part of an autoregulatory circuit, and one of its sensors is the AUU codon, which suggests that translation initiation codon identity is likely used for regulation in eukaryotes.
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Hyvönen MT, Keinänen TA, Cerrada-Gimenez M, Sinervirta R, Grigorenko N, Khomutov AR, Vepsäläinen J, Alhonen L, Jänne J. Role of hypusinated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A in polyamine depletion-induced cytostasis. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:34700-6. [PMID: 17901051 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m704282200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We have earlier shown that alpha-methylated spermidine and spermine analogues rescue cells from polyamine depletion-induced growth inhibition and maintain pancreatic integrity under severe polyamine deprivation. However, because alpha-methylspermidine can serve as a precursor of hypusine, an integral part of functional eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A required for cell proliferation, and because alpha, omega-bismethylspermine can be converted to methylspermidine, it is not entirely clear whether the restoration of cell growth is actually attributable to hypusine formed from these polyamine analogues. Here, we have used optically active isomers of methylated spermidine and spermine and show that polyamine depletion-induced acute cytostasis in cultured cells could be reversed by all the isomers of the methylpolyamines irrespective of whether they served or not as precursors of hypusine. In transgenic rats with activated polyamine catabolism, all the isomers similarly restored liver regeneration and reduced plasma alpha-amylase activity associated with induced pancreatitis. Under the above experimental conditions, the (S, S)- but not the (R, R)-isomer of bismethylspermine was converted to methylspermidine apparently through the action of spermine oxidase strongly preferring the (S, S)-isomer. Of the analogues, however, only (S)-methylspermidine sustained cell growth during prolonged (more than 1 week) inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis. It was also the only isomer efficiently converted to hypusine, indicating that deoxyhypusine synthase likewise possesses hidden stereospecificity. Taken together, the results show that growth inhibition in response to polyamine depletion involves two phases, an acute and a late hypusine-dependent phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervi T Hyvönen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Kuopio, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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