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Jáni M, Mikeš O, Marecek R, Brazdil M, Mareckova K. Prenatal exposure to air pollution and maternal depression: Combined effects on brain aging and mental health in young adulthood. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 134:111062. [PMID: 38906411 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Both maternal depression problems during pregnancy and prenatal exposure to air pollution have been associated with changes in the brain as well as worse mood and anxiety in the offspring in adulthood. However, it is not clear whether these effects are independent or whether and how they might interact and impact the brain age and mental health of the young adult offspring. METHODS A total of 202 mother-child dyads from a prenatal birth cohort were assessed for maternal depression during pregnancy through self-report questionnaires administered in the early 90s, exposure to air pollutants (Sulfur dioxide [SO2], nitrogen oxides [NOx], and suspended particle matter [SPM]) during each trimester based on maternal address and air quality data, mental health of the young adult offspring (28-30 years of age; 52% men, all of European ancestry) using self-report questionnaires for depression (Beck Depression Inventory), mood dysregulation (Profile of Mood States), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), and psychotic symptoms (Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire), and brain age, estimated from structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and previously published neuroanatomical age prediction model using cortical thickness maps. The brain age gap estimate (BrainAGE) was computed by subtracting structural brain age from chronological age. Trajectories of exposure to air pollution during pregnancy were assessed using Growth Mixture Modeling. The interactions of prenatal depression and prenatal exposure to air pollutants on adult mental health and BrainAGE were assessed using hierarchical linear regression. RESULTS We revealed two distinct trajectories of exposure to air pollution during pregnancy: "early exposure," characterized by high exposure during the first trimester, followed by a steady decrease, and "late exposure," characterized by low exposure during the first trimester, followed by a steady increase in the exposure during the subsequent trimesters. Maternal depression during the first half of pregnancy interacted with NOX exposure trajectory, predicting mood dysregulation and schizotypal symptoms in young adults. In addition, maternal depression during the second half of pregnancy interacted with both NOx and SO2 exposure trajectories, respectively, and predicted BrainAGE in young adults. In those with early exposure to NOx, maternal depression during pregnancy was associated with worse mental health and accelerated brain aging in young adulthood. In contrast, in those with early exposure to SO2, maternal depression during pregnancy was associated with slower brain aging in young adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide the first evidence of the combined effects of prenatal exposure to air pollution and maternal depression on mental health outcomes and brain age in young adult offspring. Moreover, they point out the importance of the timing and trajectory of the exposure during prenatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jáni
- Brain and Mind Research, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Mikeš
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Marecek
- Brain and Mind Research, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Brazdil
- Brain and Mind Research, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Mareckova
- Brain and Mind Research, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Tartour AI, Chivese T, Eltayeb S, Elamin FM, Fthenou E, Seed Ahmed M, Babu GR. Prenatal psychological distress and 11β-HSD2 gene expression in human placentas: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 166:107060. [PMID: 38677195 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The placenta acts as a buffer to regulate the degree of fetal exposure to maternal cortisol through the 11-Beta Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase isoenzyme type 2 (11-β HSD2) enzyme. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of prenatal psychological distress (PPD) on placental 11-β HSD2 gene expression and explore the related mechanistic pathways involved in fetal neurodevelopment. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, APA PsycInfo®, and ProQuest Dissertations for observational studies assessing the association between PPD and 11-β HSD2 expression in human placentas. Adjusted regression coefficients (β) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled based on three contextual PPD exposure groups: prenatal depression, anxiety symptoms, and perceived stress. RESULTS Of 3159 retrieved records, sixteen longitudinal studies involving 1869 participants across seven countries were included. Overall, exposure to PPD disorders showed weak negative associations with the placental 11-β HSD2 gene expression as follows: prenatal depression (β -0.01, 95% CI 0.05-0.02, I2=0%), anxiety symptoms (β -0.02, 95% CI 0.06-0.01, I2=0%), and perceived stress (β -0.01 95% CI 0.06-0.04, I2=62.8%). Third-trimester PPD exposure was more frequently associated with lower placental 11-β HSD2 levels. PPD and placental 11-β HSD2 were associated with changes in cortisol reactivity and the development of adverse health outcomes in mothers and children. Female-offspring were more vulnerable to PPD exposures. CONCLUSION The study presents evidence of a modest role of prenatal psychological distress in regulating placental 11-β HSD2 gene expression. Future prospective cohorts utilizing larger sample sizes or advanced statistical methods to enhance the detection of small effect sizes should be planned. Additionally, controlling for key predictors such as the mother's ethnicity, trimester of PPD exposure, mode of delivery, and infant sex is crucial for valid exploration of PPD effects on fetal programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angham Ibrahim Tartour
- Department of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P. O. Box:2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Tawanda Chivese
- Department of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P. O. Box:2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Safa Eltayeb
- Qatar Biobank for Medical Research, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fatima M Elamin
- Office of Research Ethics and Integrity, Qatar University, P. O. Box:2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eleni Fthenou
- Qatar Biobank for Medical Research, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Seed Ahmed
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P. O. Box:2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Giridhara Rathnaiah Babu
- Department of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P. O. Box:2713, Doha, Qatar
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Cattaneo A, Begni V, Zonca V, Riva MA. Early life adversities, psychopathologies and novel pharmacological strategies. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 260:108686. [PMID: 38969307 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to adversities during early life stages (early life adversities - ELA), ranging from pregnancy to adolescence, represents a major risk factor for the vulnerability to mental disorders. Hence, it is important to understand the molecular and functional underpinning of such relationship, in order to develop strategies aimed at reducing the psychopathologic burden associated with ELA, which may eventually lead to a significant improvement in clinical practice. In this review, we will initially recapitulate clinical and preclinical evidence supporting the link between ELA and psychopathology and we will primarily discuss the main biological mechanisms that have been described as potential mediators of the effects of ELA on the psychopathologic risk, including the role for genetic factors as well as sex differences. The knowledge emerging from these studies may be instrumental for the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed not only at correcting the deficits that emerge from ELA exposure, but also in preventing the manifestation of a full-blown psychopathologic condition. With this respect, we will specifically focus on adolescence as a key time frame for disease onset as well as for early therapeutic intervention. We believe that incorporating clinical and preclinical research data in the context of early life adversities can be instrumental to elucidate the mechanisms contributing to the risk for psychopathology or that may promote resilience. This will ultimately allow the identification of 'at risk' individuals who may benefit from specific forms of interventions that, by interfering with disease trajectories, could result in more benign clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Cattaneo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Veronica Begni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Zonca
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco A Riva
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
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Lyons-Ruth K, Chasson M, Khoury J, Ahtam B. Reconsidering the nature of threat in infancy: Integrating animal and human studies on neurobiological effects of infant stress. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 163:105746. [PMID: 38838878 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Early life stress has been associated with elevated risk for later psychopathology. One mechanism that may contribute to such long-term risk is alterations in amygdala development, a brain region critical to stress responsivity. Yet effects of stress on the amygdala during human infancy, a period of particularly rapid brain development, remain largely unstudied. In order to model how early stressors may affect infant amygdala development, several discrepancies across the existing literatures on early life stress among rodents and early threat versus deprivation among older human children and adults need to be reconciled. We briefly review the key findings of each of these literatures. We then consider them in light of emerging findings from studies of human infants regarding relations among maternal caregiving, infant cortisol response, and infant amygdala volume. Finally, we advance a developmental salience model of how early threat may impact the rapidly developing infant brain, a model with the potential to integrate across these divergent literatures. Future work to assess the value of this model is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlen Lyons-Ruth
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1493 Cambridge St, Cambridge, MA 02468, USA.
| | - Miriam Chasson
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1493 Cambridge St, Cambridge, MA 02468, USA.
| | - Jennifer Khoury
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1493 Cambridge St, Cambridge, MA 02468, USA.
| | - Banu Ahtam
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Zhou Q, Zhao X, Chen J, Xu J, Yang A, Xiong Y, Yin X, Zhao XM, Li X. Association between twin status with cognitive, behavioral development and brain structure in early adolescence: a retrospective cohort analysis based on the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02515-6. [PMID: 39060518 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02515-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Twin births are related with maternal and fetal adverse outcomes. Little was known about the comparability of the cognitive, behavioral development and brain structure between twins and singletons in early adolescence. This retrospective cohort study was based on data from the United States population-based, prospective, longitudinal observational Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. Children with complete twin status information were enrolled, and the exposure variable was twin status. Primary outcomes were cognitive, behavioral development and brain structure in early adolescence. Cognitive and behavioral outcomes were assessed by using the NIH Toolbox and Child Behavioral Checklist, respectively. Brain structure was evaluated by the cortical thickness, area, and volume extracted from the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. Subgroup analyses were conducted by prematurity, birth weight, with sibling, genetic profiles, and twin types (zygosity). From 1st September 2016 to 15th November 2018, 11545 children (9477 singletons and 2068 twins) aged 9-10 years were enrolled. Twins showed mildly lower cognitive performance (|t|> 5.104, P-values < 0.001, False Discovery Rate [FDR] < 0.001), better behavioral outcome (|t|> 2.441, P-values < 0.015, FDR < 0.042), such as lower scores for multiple psychiatric disorders and behavioral issues, and smaller cortical volume (t = - 3.854, P-values < 0.001, FDR < 0.001) and cortical area (t = - 3.872, P-values < 0.001, FDR < 0.001). The observed differences still held when stratified for prematurity, birth weight, presence of siblings, genetic profiles, and twin types (zygosity). Furthermore, analyses on the two-year follow-up data showed consistent results with baseline data. Twin status is associated with lower cognitive and better behavioral development in early adolescence accompanied by altered brain structure. Clinicians should be aware of the possible difference when generalizing results from adolescent twin samples to singletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongjie Zhou
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200023, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingzhong Zhao
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jingqi Chen
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinghui Xu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200023, China
| | - Anyi Yang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200023, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Yin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200023, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xing-Ming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital and Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200023, China.
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, 518028, Shenzhen, China.
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Kral TRA, Williams CY, Wylie AC, McLaughlin K, Stephens RL, Mills-Koonce WR, Birn RB, Propper CB, Short SJ. Intergenerational effects of racism on amygdala and hippocampus resting state functional connectivity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17034. [PMID: 39043776 PMCID: PMC11266580 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66830-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Racism is an insidious problem with far-reaching effects on the lives of Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC). The pervasive negative impact of racism on mental health is well documented. However, less is known about the potential downstream impacts of maternal experiences of racism on offspring neurodevelopment. This study sought to examine evidence for a biological pathway of intergenerational transmission of racism-related trauma. This study examined the effects of self-reported maternal experiences of racism on resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) in n = 25 neonates (13 female, 12 male) birthed by BIPOC mothers. Amygdala and hippocampus are brain regions involved in fear, memory, and anxiety, and are central nodes in brain networks associated with trauma-related change. We used average scores on the Experiences of Racism Scale as a continuous, voxel-wise regressor in seed-based, whole-brain connectivity analysis of anatomically defined amygdala and hippocampus seed regions of interest. All analyses controlled for infant sex and gestational age at the 2-week scanning session. More maternal racism-related experiences were associated with (1) stronger right amygdala rsFC with visual cortex and thalamus; and (2) stronger hippocampus rsFC with visual cortex and a temporo-parietal network, in neonates. The results of this research have implications for understanding how maternal experiences of racism may alter neurodevelopment, and for related social policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R A Kral
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin -Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin -Madison, Madison, USA
| | - C Y Williams
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin -Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Wisconsin -Madison, Madison, USA
| | - A C Wylie
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - K McLaughlin
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - R L Stephens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - W R Mills-Koonce
- School of Education, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - R B Birn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin -Madison, Madison, USA
| | - C B Propper
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - S J Short
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin -Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin -Madison, Madison, USA.
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Byg LM, Bilenberg N, Glintborg D, Andersen MS, Wesselhoeft R. The longitudinal relationship between prenatal maternal cortisol and preschool internalising problems. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 168:107141. [PMID: 39059226 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRO Prenatal exposure to synthetic glucocorticoids may increase the risk of emotional symptoms in childhood partly by reducing fetal growth. We explored if physiological levels of prenatal maternal cortisol were associated with internalising problems in boys and girls and if this was mediated by birth weight. METHODS Mother-child dyads from the prospective Odense Child Cohort (n=1162) were included if maternal serum cortisol (3rd trimester), offspring birth weight, and Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) assessments in preschool age were available. Crude and adjusted associations between cortisol and internalising problems were determined in linear mixed models stratified by offspring sex. Covariates included parental psychiatric history, parity, maternal age, education, smoking during pregnancy, and gestational age at birth. In the presence of significant associations, we evaluated the potential mediating role of birth weight. RESULTS The study sample included 601 boys and 561 girls and internalising problems were assessed at mean ages 2.3 (±0.4) and 5 (±0.5) years. In the crude analysis, cortisol was positively associated with internalising problems in boys (p-value 0.017) and in girls (p-value < 0.0001). In the adjusted analyses, there was no statistically significant association between cortisol and offspring internalising problems in boys or girls (all p-values > 0.15). There was no mediation by birth weight. DISCUSSION Maternal serum cortisol was positively associated with offspring internalising problems in boys and girls, but there was no association following adjustment for potential confounders and no mediation through birth weight. Maternal third-trimester cortisol levels do not predict preschool offspring internalising problems in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Meinertz Byg
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Southern Denmark, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Bilenberg
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Southern Denmark, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dorte Glintborg
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marianne Skovsager Andersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rikke Wesselhoeft
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Southern Denmark, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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Kosidou K, Karlsson H, Arver S, Bhasin S, Dalman C, Gardner RM. Maternal Steroid Hormone Levels in Early Pregnancy and Autism in the Offspring: A Population-Based, Nested Case-Control Study. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 96:147-158. [PMID: 38752911 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.02.1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A role for prenatal steroid hormones in the etiology of autism has been proposed, but evidence is conflicting. METHODS Here, we examined serum levels of maternal estradiol, testosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone (OHP), and cortisol from the first trimester of gestation (mean = 10.1 weeks) in relation to the odds of diagnosed autism with and without co-occurring intellectual disability (ID) in the offspring (n = 118 autism with ID, n = 249 autism without ID, n = 477 control). Levels of maternal hormones were measured using highly sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, standardized according to gestational timing of sample collection, and analyzed with restricted cubic spline logistic regression models adjusting for child's sex and maternal health, demographic, and socioeconomic factors. RESULTS We observed significant nonlinear associations between maternal estradiol, 17-OHP, and cortisol with autism, which varied with the presence of co-occurring ID. Compared to mean levels, lower levels of estradiol were associated with higher odds of autism with ID (odds ratio for concentrations 1 SD below the mean = 1.66; 95% CI, 1.24-2.11), while higher cortisol levels were associated with lower odds (odds ratio for 1 SD above the mean = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.36-0.88). In contrast, higher 17-OHP was associated with increased odds of autism without ID (odds ratio for 1 SD above the mean = 1.49; 95% CI, 1.11-1.99). We observed no evidence for interaction with sex of the child. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the notion that the maternal steroid hormonal environment in early pregnancy may contribute to autism, but also emphasize the complex relationship between early-life steroid exposure and autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Kosidou
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Karlsson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Arver
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shalender Bhasin
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christina Dalman
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Renée M Gardner
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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van Dijk MT, Talati A, Barrios PG, Crandall AJ, Lugo-Candelas C. Prenatal depression outcomes in the next generation: A critical review of recent DOHaD studies and recommendations for future research. Semin Perinatol 2024:151948. [PMID: 39043475 DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2024.151948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal depression, a common pregnancy-related risk with a prevalence of 10-20 %, may affect in utero development and socioemotional and neurodevelopmental outcomes in the next generation. Although there is a growing body of work that suggests prenatal depression has an independent and long-lasting effect on offspring outcomes, important questions remain, and findings often do not converge. The present review examines work carried out in the last decade, with an emphasis on studies focusing on mechanisms and leveraging innovative technologies and study designs to fill in gaps in research. Overall, the past decade of research continues to suggest that prenatal depression increases risk for offspring socioemotional problems and may alter early brain development by affecting maternal-fetal physiology during pregnancy. However, important limitations remain; lack of diversity in study samples, inconsistent consideration of potential confounders (e.g., genetics, postnatal depression, parenting), and restriction of examination to narrow time windows and single exposures. On the other hand, exciting work has begun uncovering potential mechanisms underlying transmission, including alterations in mitochondria functioning, epigenetics, and the prenatal microbiome. We review the evidence to date, identify limitations, and suggest strategies for the next decade of research to detect mechanisms as well as sources of plasticity and resilience to ensure this work translates into meaningful, actionable science that improves the lives of families.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T van Dijk
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, United States; New York State Psychiatric Institute, United States
| | - A Talati
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, United States; New York State Psychiatric Institute, United States
| | | | - A J Crandall
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, United States; New York State Psychiatric Institute, United States
| | - C Lugo-Candelas
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, United States; New York State Psychiatric Institute, United States.
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Collins JM, Keane JM, Deady C, Khashan AS, McCarthy FP, O'Keeffe GW, Clarke G, Cryan JF, Caputi V, O'Mahony SM. Prenatal stress impacts foetal neurodevelopment: Temporal windows of gestational vulnerability. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 164:105793. [PMID: 38971516 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal maternal stressors ranging in severity from everyday occurrences/hassles to the experience of traumatic events negatively impact neurodevelopment, increasing the risk for the onset of psychopathology in the offspring. Notably, the timing of prenatal stress exposure plays a critical role in determining the nature and severity of subsequent neurodevelopmental outcomes. In this review, we evaluate the empirical evidence regarding temporal windows of heightened vulnerability to prenatal stress with respect to motor, cognitive, language, and behavioural development in both human and animal studies. We also explore potential temporal windows whereby several mechanisms may mediate prenatal stress-induced neurodevelopmental effects, namely, excessive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, altered serotonin signalling and sympathetic-adrenal-medullary system, changes in placental function, immune system dysregulation, and alterations of the gut microbiota. While broadly defined developmental windows are apparent for specific psychopathological outcomes, inconsistencies arise when more complex cognitive and behavioural outcomes are considered. Novel approaches to track molecular markers reflective of the underlying aetiologies throughout gestation to identify tractable biomolecular signatures corresponding to critical vulnerability periods are urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Collins
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - James M Keane
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Clara Deady
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Ali S Khashan
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; The Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research (INFANT), Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Fergus P McCarthy
- The Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research (INFANT), Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Gerard W O'Keeffe
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; The Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research (INFANT), Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; The Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research (INFANT), Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Valentina Caputi
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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11
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Herzberg MP, Smyser CD. Prenatal Social Determinants of Health: Narrative review of maternal environments and neonatal brain development. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03345-7. [PMID: 38961164 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03345-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The Social Determinants of Health, a set of social factors including socioeconomic status, community context, and neighborhood safety among others, are well-known predictors of mental and physical health across the lifespan. Recent research has begun to establish the importance of these social factors at the earliest points of brain development, including during the prenatal period. Prenatal socioeconomic status, perceived stress, and neighborhood safety have all been reported to impact neonatal brain structure and function, with exploratory work suggesting subsequent effects on infant and child behavior. Secondary effects of the Social Determinants of Health, such as maternal sleep and psychopathology during pregnancy, have also been established as important predictors of infant brain development. This research not only establishes prenatal Social Determinants of Health as important predictors of future outcomes but may be effectively applied even before birth. Future research replicating and extending the effects in this nascent literature has great potential to produce more specific and mechanistic understanding of the social factors that shape early neurobehavioral development. IMPACT: This review synthesizes the research to date examining the effects of the Social Determinants of Health during the prenatal period and neonatal brain outcomes. Structural, functional, and diffusion-based imaging methodologies are included along with the limited literature assessing subsequent infant behavior. The degree to which results converge between studies is discussed, in combination with the methodological and sampling considerations that may contribute to divergence in study results. Several future directions are identified, including new theoretical approaches to assessing the impact of the Social Determinants of Health during the perinatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max P Herzberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Christopher D Smyser
- Department of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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12
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Shekhar S, Hirvi P, Maria A, Kotilahti K, Tuulari JJ, Karlsson L, Karlsson H, Nissilä I. Maternal prenatal depressive symptoms and child brain responses to affective touch at two years of age. J Affect Disord 2024; 356:177-189. [PMID: 38508459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Touch is an essential form of mother-child interaction, instigating better social bonding and emotional stability. METHODS We used diffuse optical tomography to explore the relationship between total haemoglobin (HbT) responses to affective touch in the child's brain at two years of age and maternal self-reported prenatal depressive symptoms (EPDS). Affective touch was implemented via slow brushing of the child's right forearm at 3 cm/s and non-affective touch via fast brushing at 30 cm/s and HbT responses were recorded on the left hemisphere. RESULTS We discovered a cluster in the postcentral gyrus exhibiting a negative correlation (Pearson's r = -0.84, p = 0.015 corrected for multiple comparisons) between child HbT response to affective touch and EPDS at gestational week 34. Based on region of interest (ROI) analysis, we found negative correlations between child responses to affective touch and maternal prenatal EPDS at gestational week 14 in the precentral gyrus, Rolandic operculum and secondary somatosensory cortex. The responses to non-affective touch did not correlate with EPDS in these regions. LIMITATIONS The number of mother-child dyads was 16. However, by utilising high-density optode arrangements, individualised anatomical models, and video and accelerometry to monitor movement, we were able to minimize methodological sources of variability in the data. CONCLUSIONS The results show that maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy may be associated with reduced child responses to affective touch in the temporoparietal cortex. Responses to affective touch may be considered as potential biomarkers for psychosocial development in children. Early identification of and intervention in maternal depression may be important already during early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Shekhar
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Durham, NC, USA; University of Turku, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Finland; University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Finland
| | - Pauliina Hirvi
- Aalto University, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Finland; Aalto University, Department of Mathematics and Systems Analysis, Finland
| | - Ambika Maria
- University of Turku, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Finland; University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Finland
| | - Kalle Kotilahti
- Aalto University, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Finland
| | - Jetro J Tuulari
- University of Turku, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Finland; University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Finland; Turku Collegium for Science, Medicine and Technology, TCSMT, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- University of Turku, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Finland; University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Finland; University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- University of Turku, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Finland; University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Finland
| | - Ilkka Nissilä
- Aalto University, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Finland.
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13
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Zheng B, Zheng Y, Hu W, Chen Z. Dissecting the networks underlying diverse brain disorders after prenatal glucocorticoid overexposure. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:1975-1990. [PMID: 38581585 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03733-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
New human life begins in the uterus in a period of both extreme plasticity and sensitivity to environmental disturbances. The fetal stage is also a vital period for central nervous system development, with experiences at this point profoundly and permanently shaping brain structure and function. As such, some brain disorders may originate in utero. Glucocorticoids, a class of essential stress hormones, play indispensable roles in fetal development, but overexposure may have lasting impacts on the brain. In this review, we summarize data from recent clinical and non-clinical studies regarding alterations in fetal brains due to prenatal glucocorticoid overexposure that are associated with nervous system disorders. We discuss relevant changes to brain structure and cellular functions and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. In addition, we summarize factors that may cause differential outcomes between varying brain regions, and outline clinically feasible intervention strategies that are expected to minimize negative consequences arising from fetal glucocorticoid overexposure. Finally, we highlight the need for experimental evidence aided by new technologies to clearly determine the effects of excessive prenatal glucocorticoid exposure. This review consolidates diverse findings to help researchers better understand the relationship between the prenatal glucocorticoid overexposure and the effects it has on various fetal brain regions, promoting further development of critical intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baixiu Zheng
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yanrong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Zhong Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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14
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Saker Z, Rizk M, Merie D, Nabha RH, Pariseau NJ, Nabha SM, Makki MI. Insight into brain sex differences of typically developed infants and brain pathologies: A systematic review. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 60:3491-3504. [PMID: 38693604 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The continually advancing landscape of neuroscientific and imaging research has broadened our comprehension of sex differences encoded in the human brain, expanding from the hypothalamus and sexual behaviour to encompass the entire brain, including its diverse lobes, structures, and functions. However, less is known about sex differences in the brains of neonates and infants, despite their relevance to various sex-linked diseases that develop early in life. In this review, we provide a synopsis of the literature evidence on sex differences in the brains of neonates and infants at the morphological, structural and network levels. We also briefly overview the present evidence on the sex bias in some brain disorders affecting infants and neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahraa Saker
- Research Department, Al-Rassoul Al-Aazam Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mahdi Rizk
- School of Health Sciences, Modern University for Business and Science, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Diana Merie
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Nicole J Pariseau
- Department of Pediatrics-Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sanaa M Nabha
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Malek I Makki
- Laboratory of Functional Neurosciences and Pathologies, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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15
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Deng F, Lei J, Chen J, Zhao M, Zhao C, Fu M, Sun M, Zhang M, Qiu J, Gao Q. DNA methylation-mediated 11βHSD2 downregulation drives the increases in angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin II within preeclamptic placentas. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23714. [PMID: 38814727 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400199r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a complex human-specific complication frequently associated with placental pathology. The local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the human placenta, which plays a crucial role in regulating placental function, has been extensively documented. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are a class of steroid hormones. PE cases often have abnormalities in GCs levels and placental GCs barrier. Despite extensive speculation, there is currently no robust evidence indicating that GCs regulate placental RAS. This study aims to investigate these potential relationships. Plasma and placental samples were collected from both normal and PE pregnancies. The levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II (Ang II), cortisol, and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11βHSD) were analyzed. In PE placentas, cortisol, ACE, and Ang II levels were elevated, while 11βHSD2 expression was reduced. Interestingly, a positive correlation was observed between ACE and cortisol levels in the placenta. A significant inverse correlation was found between the methylation statuses within the 11βHSD2 gene promoter and its expression, meanwhile, 11βHSD2 expression was negatively correlated with cortisol and ACE levels. In vitro experiments using placental trophoblast cells confirmed that active GCs can stimulate ACE transcription and expression through the GR pathway. Furthermore, 11βHSD2 knockdown could enhance this activating effect. An in vivo study using a rat model of intrauterine GCs overexposure during mid-to-late gestation suggested that excess GCs in utero lead to increased ACE and Ang II levels in the placenta. Collectively, this study provides the first evidence of the relationships between 11βHSD2 expression, GCs barrier, ACE, and Ang II levels in the placenta. It not only contributes to understanding the pathological features of the placental GCs barrier and RAS under PE conditions, also provides important information for revealing the pathological mechanism of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Deng
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jiahui Lei
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Third People's Hospital of Bengbu Affiliated to Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Chenxuan Zhao
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Mengyu Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Miao Sun
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Meihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Junlan Qiu
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Suzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Qinqin Gao
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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16
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Vesoulis ZA, Diggs S, Brackett C, Sullivan B. Racial and geographic disparities in neonatal brain care. Semin Perinatol 2024:151925. [PMID: 38897830 DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2024.151925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
In this review, we explore race-based disparities in neonatology and their impact on brain injury and neurodevelopmental outcomes. We discuss the historical context of healthcare discrimination, focusing on the post-Civil War era and the segregation of healthcare facilities. We highlight the increasing disparity in infant mortality rates between Black and White infants, with premature birth being a major contributing factor, and emphasize the role of prenatal factors such as metabolic syndrome and toxic stress in affecting neonatal health. Furthermore, we examine the geographic and historical aspects of racial disparities, including the consequences of redlining and limited access to healthcare facilities or nutritious food options in Black communities. Finally, we delve into the higher incidence of brain injuries in Black neonates, as well as disparities in adverse neurodevelopmental outcome. This evidence underscores the need for comprehensive efforts to address systemic racism and provide equitable access to healthcare resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Vesoulis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Stephanie Diggs
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cherise Brackett
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Virginia, USA
| | - Brynne Sullivan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Virginia, USA
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17
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Khalid S, Kearney M, McReynolds DE. Can social adversity alter the epigenome, trigger oral disease, and affect future generations? Ir J Med Sci 2024:10.1007/s11845-024-03697-3. [PMID: 38740675 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-024-03697-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The nature versus nurture debate has intrigued scientific circles for decades. Although extensive research has established a clear relationship between genetics and disease development, recent evidence has highlighted the insufficiency of attributing adverse health outcomes to genetic factors alone. In fact, it has been suggested that environmental influences, such as socioeconomic position (SEP), may play a much larger role in the development of disease than previously thought, with extensive research suggesting that low SEP is associated with adverse health conditions. In relation to oral health, a higher prevalence of caries (tooth decay) exists among those of low SEP. Although little is known about the biological mechanisms underlying this relationship, epigenetic modifications resulting from environmental influences have been suggested to play an important role. This review explores the intersection of health inequalities and epigenetics, the role of early-life social adversity and its long-term epigenetic impacts, and how those living within the lower hierarchies of the socioeconomic pyramid are indeed at higher risk of developing diseases, particularly in relation to oral health. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms could lead to the development of targeted interventions for individuals of low SEP to improve oral health or identify those who are at higher risk of developing oral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakr Khalid
- Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michaela Kearney
- Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David E McReynolds
- Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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18
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Mandl S, Alexopoulos J, Doering S, Wildner B, Seidl R, Bartha-Doering L. The effect of prenatal maternal distress on offspring brain development: A systematic review. Early Hum Dev 2024; 192:106009. [PMID: 38642513 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal maternal distress can negatively affect pregnancy outcomes, yet its impact on the offspring's brain structure and function remains unclear. This systematic review summarizes the available literature on the relationship between prenatal maternal distress and brain development in fetuses and infants up to 12 months of age. METHODS We searched Central, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and PSYNDEXplus for studies published between database inception and December 2023. Studies were included if prenatal maternal anxiety, stress, and/or depression was assessed, neuroimaging was used to examine the offspring, and the offspring's brain was imaged within the first year of life. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-II. RESULTS Out of the 1516 studies retrieved, 71 met our inclusion criteria. Although the studies varied greatly in their methodology, the results generally pointed to structural and functional aberrations in the limbic system, prefrontal cortex, and insula in fetuses and infants prenatally exposed to maternal distress. CONCLUSIONS The hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex have a high density of glucocorticoid receptors, which play a key role in adapting to stressors and maintaining stress-related homeostasis. We thus conclude that in utero exposure to maternal distress prompts these brain regions to adapt by undergoing structural and functional changes, with the consequence that these alterations increase the risk for developing a neuropsychiatric illness later on. Future research should investigate the effect of providing psychological support for pregnant women on the offspring's early brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Mandl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Johanna Alexopoulos
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Doering
- Department of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Brigitte Wildner
- University Library, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Seidl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Bartha-Doering
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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19
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Kwon D, Knorr DA, Wiley KS, Young SL, Fox MM. Association of pica with cortisol and inflammation among Latina pregnant women. Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e24025. [PMID: 38050975 PMCID: PMC11062838 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pica, the urge to consume items generally not considered food, such as dirt, raw starch, and ice, are particularly common among pregnant women. However, the biology of pica in pregnancy is not well understood. Therefore, this study aimed to assess how pica relates to endocrine stress and immune biomarkers in a cohort of pregnant Latina women in Southern California. Thirty-four women completed a structured pica questionnaire. Maternal urinary cortisol and plasma cytokine levels were measured between 21 and 31 weeks' gestation. Associations between pica during pregnancy and biomarkers were assessed using linear regression models adjusting for gestational age. Twelve (35.3%) of the pregnant women reported pica (geophagy and amylophagy) during pregnancy. In multivariate models, those who engaged in pica had higher levels of cortisol (β: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.073) and lower levels of IL-1β (β: -0.06, 95% CI: -0.11, -0.02), IL-8 (β: -0.30, 95% CI: -0.56, -0.05), IL-21 (β: -0.35, 95% CI: -0.63, -0.08), and type-1 inflammation composite (β: -0.29, 95% CI: -0.44, -0.14) than women who did not engage in pica. These results suggest that biological stress and immune response differ for women with pica compared to those without. This study suggests novel physiological covariates of pica during pregnancy. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms and temporality underlying the observed associations between pica and endocrine and immune biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayoon Kwon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angles, California, USA
| | - Delaney A Knorr
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angles, California, USA
| | - Kyle S Wiley
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angles, California, USA
| | - Sera L Young
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Molly M Fox
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angles, California, USA
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20
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Guma E, Chakravarty MM. Immune Alterations in the Intrauterine Environment Shape Offspring Brain Development in a Sex-Specific Manner. Biol Psychiatry 2024:S0006-3223(24)01260-5. [PMID: 38679357 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to immune dysregulation in utero or in early life has been shown to increase risk for neuropsychiatric illness. The sources of inflammation can be varied, including acute exposures due to maternal infection or acute stress, or persistent exposures due to chronic stress, obesity, malnutrition, or autoimmune diseases. These exposures may cause subtle alteration in brain development, structure, and function that can become progressively magnified across the life span, potentially increasing the likelihood of developing a neuropsychiatric conditions. There is some evidence that males are more susceptible to early-life inflammatory challenges than females. In this review, we discuss the various sources of in utero or early-life immune alteration and the known effects on fetal development with a sex-specific lens. To do so, we leveraged neuroimaging, behavioral, cellular, and neurochemical findings. Gaining clarity about how the intrauterine environment affects offspring development is critically important for informing preventive and early intervention measures that may buffer against the effects of these early-life risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Guma
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts.
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Computational Brain Anatomy Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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21
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Sun H, Mehta S, Khaitova M, Cheng B, Hao X, Spann M, Scheinost D. Brain age prediction and deviations from normative trajectories in the neonatal connectome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.23.590811. [PMID: 38712238 PMCID: PMC11071351 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.23.590811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Structural and functional connectomes undergo rapid changes during the third trimester and the first month of postnatal life. Despite progress, our understanding of the developmental trajectories of the connectome in the perinatal period remains incomplete. Brain age prediction uses machine learning to estimate the brain's maturity relative to normative data. The difference between the individual's predicted and chronological age-or brain age gap (BAG)-represents the deviation from these normative trajectories. Here, we assess brain age prediction and BAGs using structural and functional connectomes for infants in the first month of life. We used resting-state fMRI and DTI data from 611 infants (174 preterm; 437 term) from the Developing Human Connectome Project (dHCP) and connectome-based predictive modeling to predict postmenstrual age (PMA). Structural and functional connectomes accurately predicted PMA for term and preterm infants. Predicted ages from each modality were correlated. At the network level, nearly all canonical brain networks-even putatively later developing ones-generated accurate PMA prediction. Additionally, BAGs were associated with perinatal exposures and toddler behavioral outcomes. Overall, our results underscore the importance of normative modeling and deviations from these models during the perinatal period.
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22
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Mustonen P, Kortesluoma S, Scheinin NM, Perasto L, Kataja EL, Tervahartiala K, Tuulari JJ, Coimbra B, Carter AS, Rodrigues AJ, Sousa N, Paavonen EJ, Korja R, Karlsson H, Karlsson L. Negative associations between maternal prenatal hair cortisol and child socioemotional problems. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 162:106955. [PMID: 38232530 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Maternal prenatal distress can participate in the programming of offspring development, in which exposure to altered maternal long-term cortisol levels as measured by hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) may contribute. Yet, studies investigating whether and how maternal prenatal HCC associates with problems in child socioemotional development are scarce. Furthermore, questions remain regarding the timing and potential sex-specificity of fetal exposure to altered cortisol levels and whether there are interactions with maternal prenatal distress, such as depressive symptoms. The subjects were drawn from those FinnBrain Birth Cohort families that had maternal reports of child socioemotional problems (the Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment [BITSEA] at 2 years and/or the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire [SDQ] at 5 years) as follows: HCC1 population: maternal mid-pregnancy HCC measured at gestational week 24 with 5 cm segments to depict cortisol levels from the previous five months (n = 321); and HCC2 population: end-of-pregnancy HCC measured 1-3 days after childbirth (5 cm segment; n = 121). Stepwise regression models were utilized in the main analyses and a sensitivity analysis was performed to detect potential biases. Negative associations were observed between maternal HCC2 and child BITSEA Total Problems at 2 years but not with SDQ Total difficulties at 5 years, and neither problem score was associated with HCC1. In descriptive analyses, HCC2 was negatively associated with Internalizing problems at 2 years and SDQ Emotional problems at 5 years. A negative association was observed among 5-year-old girls between maternal HCC1 and SDQ Total Difficulties and the subscales of Conduct and Hyperactivity/inattentive problems. When interactions were also considered, inverse associations between HCC2 and BITSEA Internalizing and Dysregulation Problems were observed in subjects with elevated prenatal depressive symptoms. It was somewhat surprising that only negative associations were observed between maternal HCC and child socioemotional problems. However, there are previous observations of elevated end-of-pregnancy cortisol levels associating with better developmental outcomes. The magnitudes of the observed associations were, as expected, mainly modest. Future studies with a focus on the individual changes of maternal cortisol levels throughout pregnancy as well as studies assessing both maternal and child HPA axis functioning together with child socioemotional development are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mustonen
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Susanna Kortesluoma
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Noora M Scheinin
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Satakunta Wellbeing Services County, Sairaalantie 3, 28500 Pori, Finland
| | - Laura Perasto
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Eeva-Leena Kataja
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Psychology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Assistentinkatu 7, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Katja Tervahartiala
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Assistentinkatu 7, 20014 Turku, Finland; Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Seminaarinkatu 15, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jetro J Tuulari
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku Collegium for Science, Medicine and Technology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Bárbara Coimbra
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, R. da Universidade, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Alice S Carter
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Ana João Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, R. da Universidade, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center-Braga (2CA), Hospital de Braga, Lugar de Sete Fontes, S. Victor, 4710-243 Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, R. da Universidade, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - E Juulia Paavonen
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, 00271 Helsinki, Finland; Pediatric Research Center, Child Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Korja
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Psychology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Assistentinkatu 7, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Savitehtaankatu 5, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Medicine, Unit of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Savitehtaankatu 5, 20520 Turku, Finland
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23
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Levendosky AA, Martinez-Torteya C, Ballinger AL, Cochran KA, Bogat GA, Nuttall AK, Muzik M, Lonstein JS. The effects of IPV and mental health symptoms on HPA axis functioning during early pregnancy. Arch Womens Ment Health 2024; 27:285-292. [PMID: 37991597 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-023-01399-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Maternal HPA axis dysregulation during early pregnancy can negatively affect maternal functioning. However, findings are mixed regarding how intimate partner violence (IPV), a common traumatic stressor, impacts HPA axis regulation during pregnancy. Interactions between IPV and mental health symptoms as they influence cortisol production are rarely examined, especially among pregnant women. Therefore, this study examined the impact of IPV, mental health symptoms, and their interactions on the maternal HPA axis during early pregnancy; 255 pregnant women, oversampled for experiences of IPV, completed a laboratory stressor and measures of depressive and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) at 15-18 weeks of pregnancy. Participants provided saliva samples following the Trier Social Stress Test that were assayed for cortisol; the area under the curve with respect to ground (AUCg) was computed as a measure of cortisol reactivity. The interactive effects of IPV, depressive symptoms, and PTSS on AUCg were significant, but the main effects were not. At low levels of depressive symptoms, the association between IPV and AUCg was negative; at moderate levels of depressive symptoms, it was not significant, and at high levels, it was positive. At low and moderate levels of PTSS, the effects of IPV on cortisol AUCg were not significant, but at high levels, the association was positive. IPV during early pregnancy was associated with both hyperactive and blunted stress reactivity, depending on the type and severity of mental health symptoms. These patterns of dysregulation of the HPA axis may have differential effects both for women's functioning throughout pregnancy as well as for the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alytia A Levendosky
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | | | | | - Kara A Cochran
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - G Anne Bogat
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Amy K Nuttall
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Maria Muzik
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Joseph S Lonstein
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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24
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Boerner KE, Keogh E, Inkster AM, Nahman-Averbuch H, Oberlander TF. A developmental framework for understanding the influence of sex and gender on health: Pediatric pain as an exemplar. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 158:105546. [PMID: 38272336 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Sex differences are a robust finding in many areas of adult health, including cardiovascular disease, psychiatric disorders, and chronic pain. However, many sex differences are not consistently observed until after the onset of puberty. This has led to the hypothesis that hormones are primary contributors to sex differences in health outcomes, largely ignoring the relative contributions of early developmental influences, emerging psychosocial factors, gender, and the interaction between these variables. In this paper, we argue that a comprehensive understanding of sex and gender contributions to health outcomes should start as early as conception and take an iterative biopsychosocial-developmental perspective that considers intersecting social positions. We present a conceptual framework, informed by a review of the literature in basic, clinical, and social science that captures how critical developmental stages for both sex and gender can affect children's health and longer-term outcomes. The literature on pediatric chronic pain is used as a worked example of how the framework can be applied to understanding different chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelynn E Boerner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Edmund Keogh
- Department of Psychology & Centre for Pain Research, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Amy M Inkster
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hadas Nahman-Averbuch
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tim F Oberlander
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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25
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Castro-Quintas Á, Eixarch E, Martin-Gonzalez NS, Daura-Corral M, Marques-Feixa L, Palma-Gudiel H, Rocavert-Barranco M, Miguel-Valero A, Monteserín-García JL, de la Fuente-Tomás L, Crispi F, Arias B, García-Portilla MP, Fañanás L. Diurnal cortisol throughout pregnancy and its association with maternal depressive symptoms and birth outcomes. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 161:106930. [PMID: 38142606 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression during pregnancy is a common complication that can negatively affect fetal health and birth outcomes. Cortisol is believed to be a key mediator of this association. Although pregnancy entails a natural increase in cortisol levels, preclinical depression could alter its circadian rhythm, producing excessively high overall diurnal cortisol levels that might be harmful for the fetus and future offspring development. OBJECTIVES Using a prospective longitudinal design, we aimed to study (i) trimestral cortisol circadian rhythm and its overall levels throughout pregnancy in healthy women, (ii) the extent to which maternal depressive symptoms influence both cortisol rhythmicity and overall levels, and (iii) the possible adverse consequences of elevated maternal cortisol on the offspring's weight and gestational age at birth. STUDY DESIGN 112 healthy pregnant women from the general Spanish population were recruited before their first pregnancy. To assess cortisol circadian rhythm, participants provided four saliva samples at each trimester of pregnancy (at awakening, 30 min after awakening, before lunch and before going to bed). Overall cortisol levels were calculated with AUCg approximation. Depressive symptoms were evaluated in each trimester and defined according to EPDS cut-off values (1st trimester, EPDS ≥ 11; 2nd and 3rd trimesters, EPDS ≥ 10). At birth, the risk for low weight, prematurity and weight birth percentile was retrieved for 100 infants. Mixed models and simple effects were employed to study changes of maternal cortisol circadian rhythm and overall levels throughout pregnancy and the possible influence of maternal depressive symptoms. Finally, logistic regressions were performed to assess the associations between maternal overall cortisol levels in each trimester of pregnancy and birth anthropometrics. RESULTS Although overall diurnal cortisol levels increase throughout pregnancy, cortisol circadian rhythm is preserved in all trimesters [1st (F(3110)= 92.565, p < .001), 2nd (F(3,85)= 46.828, p < .001) and 3rd (F(3,90)= 65.555, p < .001)]. However, women with depressive symptoms showed a flattened cortisol circadian pattern only during the second trimester, characterized by a blunted awakening peak and reduced evening decline (F(3,85)= 4.136, p = .009), but not during the first (F(3,11)= 1.676, p = .176) or the third (F(3,90)= 1.089, p = .358) trimesters. Additionally, they did not show a cortisol increase from second to third trimester (p = .636). Finally, higher maternal cortisol levels in second and third trimesters seemed to be associated with increased risk of prematurity (adjusted OR -0.371, 95% CI 0.490-0.972, p = .034) and low birth weight percentile (adjusted OR -0.612, 95% CI 0.348-0.846, p = .007) respectively. CONCLUSION Maternal cortisol levels increased throughout pregnancy, although cortisol circadian rhythm was preserved in all trimesters of pregnancy. However, prenatal depressive symptoms were associated with flattened maternal cortisol circadian rhythm in mid-pregnancy. Therefore, it seems that women with depressive symptoms tended to increase less gradually their cortisol levels from mid to late pregnancy. Finally, higher maternal cortisol levels in mid and late-pregnancy seem to be associated with poorer birth anthropometrics Early detection of depressive symptoms in general population could help to prevent putative obstetrical and birth adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Águeda Castro-Quintas
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedicine Institute of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisenda Eixarch
- BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Network Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER of Rare Diseases, CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea San Martin-Gonzalez
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedicine Institute of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Daura-Corral
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Marques-Feixa
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedicine Institute of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Helena Palma-Gudiel
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; College of Public Health and Health Professions, Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, United States
| | | | - Alba Miguel-Valero
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Monteserín-García
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedicine Institute of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena de la Fuente-Tomás
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Fátima Crispi
- BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Network Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER of Rare Diseases, CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Barbara Arias
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedicine Institute of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Paz García-Portilla
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Lourdes Fañanás
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedicine Institute of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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26
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Wu Y, De Asis-Cruz J, Limperopoulos C. Brain structural and functional outcomes in the offspring of women experiencing psychological distress during pregnancy. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02449-0. [PMID: 38418579 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
In-utero exposure to maternal psychological distress is increasingly linked with disrupted fetal and neonatal brain development and long-term neurobehavioral dysfunction in children and adults. Elevated maternal psychological distress is associated with changes in fetal brain structure and function, including reduced hippocampal and cerebellar volumes, increased cerebral cortical gyrification and sulcal depth, decreased brain metabolites (e.g., choline and creatine levels), and disrupted functional connectivity. After birth, reduced cerebral and cerebellar gray matter volumes, increased cerebral cortical gyrification, altered amygdala and hippocampal volumes, and disturbed brain microstructure and functional connectivity have been reported in the offspring months or even years after exposure to maternal distress during pregnancy. Additionally, adverse child neurodevelopment outcomes such as cognitive, language, learning, memory, social-emotional problems, and neuropsychiatric dysfunction are being increasingly reported after prenatal exposure to maternal distress. The mechanisms by which prenatal maternal psychological distress influences early brain development include but are not limited to impaired placental function, disrupted fetal epigenetic regulation, altered microbiome and inflammation, dysregulated hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis, altered distribution of the fetal cardiac output to the brain, and disrupted maternal sleep and appetite. This review will appraise the available literature on the brain structural and functional outcomes and neurodevelopmental outcomes in the offspring of pregnant women experiencing elevated psychological distress. In addition, it will also provide an overview of the mechanistic underpinnings of brain development changes in stress response and discuss current treatments for elevated maternal psychological distress, including pharmacotherapy (e.g., selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) and non-pharmacotherapy (e.g., cognitive-behavior therapy). Finally, it will end with a consideration of future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wu
- Developing Brain Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | | | - Catherine Limperopoulos
- Developing Brain Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.
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27
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Chan SY, Low XZ, Ngoh ZM, Ong ZY, Kee MZL, Huang P, Kumar S, Rifkin-Graboi A, Chong YS, Chen H, Tan KH, Chan JKY, Fortier MV, Gluckman PD, Zhou JH, Meaney MJ, Tan AP. Neonatal Nucleus Accumbens Microstructure Modulates Individual Susceptibility to Preconception Maternal Stress in Relation to Externalizing Behaviors. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:S0890-8567(24)00071-6. [PMID: 38423282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maternal stress influences in utero brain development and is a modifiable risk factor for offspring psychopathologies. Reward circuitry dysfunction underlies various internalizing and externalizing psychopathologies. This study examined (1) the association between maternal stress and microstructural characteristics of the neonatal nucleus accumbens (NAcc), a major node of the reward circuitry, and (2) whether neonatal NAcc microstructure modulates individual susceptibility to maternal stress in relation to childhood behavioral problems. METHOD K-means longitudinal cluster analysis was performed to determine trajectories of maternal stress measures (Perceived Stress Scale [PSS], hair cortisol) from preconception to the third trimester. Neonatal NAcc microstructural measures (orientation density index [ODI] and intracellular volume fraction [ICVF]) were compared across trajectories. We then examined the interaction between maternal stress and neonatal NAcc microstructure on child internalizing and externalizing behaviors, assessed between ages 3 and 4 years. RESULTS Two trajectories of maternal stress magnitude ("low"/"high") were identified for both PSS (n = 287) and hair cortisol (n = 336). Right neonatal NAcc ODI (rNAcc-ODI) was significantly lower in "low" relative to "high" PSS trajectories (n = 77, p = .04). PSS at preconception had the strongest association with rNAcc-ODI (r = 0.293, p = .029). No differences in NAcc microstructure were found between hair cortisol trajectories. A significant interaction between preconception PSS and rNAcc-ODI on externalizing behavior was observed (n = 47, p = .047). CONCLUSION Our study showed that the preconception period contributes to in utero NAcc development, and that NAcc microstructure modulates individual susceptibility to preconception maternal stress in relation to externalizing problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yu Chan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xi Zhen Low
- National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhen Ming Ngoh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zi Yan Ong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michelle Z L Kee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pei Huang
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Anne Rifkin-Graboi
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore; National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore; National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Helen Chen
- KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jerry K Y Chan
- KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marielle V Fortier
- KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Michael J Meaney
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore; National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ai Peng Tan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore; National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore; National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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28
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Ormsby SM, Dahlen HG, Smith CA. Investigation of Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis and Oxytocinergic System Changes in a Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial of Acupuncture for Antenatal Depression. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 2024; 30:173-184. [PMID: 37566543 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2023.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Background: Antenatal depression is common and associated with detrimental impacts on women and their families. Disrupted neuroendocrine functioning is reported in women experiencing perinatal mental health disturbances. Preliminary randomized controlled trial (RCT) evidence suggests acupuncture may provide a safe and effective adjunct treatment; however, underlying mechanisms of effect are unclear. We conducted an RCT examination of acupuncture for the management of antenatal depressive symptomologies, which included oxytocinergic and hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis system evaluations. This article reports postintervention changes to cortisol: dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) ratios, and oxytocin (OT) hormone concentrations. Methods: Fifty-seven women with Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores ≥13 were randomized to receive individually tailored depressed specific acupuncture, progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) attention comparator, or treatment as usual (TAU). Weekly 1-h sessions were conducted for 8 weeks (24-31 of pregnancy). Preintervention and postintervention saliva samples were collected. Results: Postintervention mean cortisol: DHEA ratio differences were not significantly predicted by group allocation (n = 46, p = 0.065). Two-group comparisons demonstrated cortisol: DHEA ratios were significantly increased and predicted by group allocation when acupuncture was compared to TAU (p = 0.039); however, not between acupuncture and PMR (p = 0.179), or PMR and TAU (p = 0.421). Postintervention OT concentrations were not significantly predicted by group allocation. Limitations: Small sample size and posthoc analysis Conclusion: Findings suggest positive regulation of the HPA axis may be an underlying mechanism by which acupuncture provided the significant improvements to antenatal depression, stress, and distress observed in this cohort. Trial Registration: Registered on March 19, 2015, with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12615000250538).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone M Ormsby
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Hannah G Dahlen
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Caroline A Smith
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
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Filetti C, Kane-Grade F, Gunnar M. The Development of Stress Reactivity and Regulation in Children and Adolescents. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:395-419. [PMID: 37559538 PMCID: PMC10845082 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230808120504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Adversity experienced in early life can have detrimental effects on physical and mental health. One pathway in which these effects occur is through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a key physiological stress-mediating system. In this review, we discuss the theoretical perspectives that guide stress reactivity and regulation research, the anatomy and physiology of the axis, developmental changes in the axis and its regulation, brain systems regulating stress, the role of genetic and epigenetics variation in axis development, sensitive periods in stress system calibration, the social regulation of stress (i.e., social buffering), and emerging research areas in the study of stress physiology and development. Understanding the development of stress reactivity and regulation is crucial for uncovering how early adverse experiences influence mental and physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Filetti
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Finola Kane-Grade
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Megan Gunnar
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
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30
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Hennessey EMP, Swales DA, Markant J, Hoffman MC, Hankin BL, Davis EP. Maternal anxiety during pregnancy predicts infant attention to affective faces. J Affect Disord 2024; 344:104-114. [PMID: 37802320 PMCID: PMC10841611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal maternal anxiety is a known influence on offspring development. General anxiety and pregnancy-related anxiety (a distinct type of anxiety encompassing fears associated with pregnancy) are associated with offspring socioemotional development, with potential consequences for later emotional and behavioral problems. This study examines whether maternal pregnancy-related and general anxiety relate to infant attention to affective faces, a process which plays an integral role in early socioemotional development. METHODS Participants included 86 mothers and their 6-month-old infants (56.3 % female). Mothers completed measures of pregnancy-related and general anxiety three times through gestation. Infants' attention to affective faces was assessed with an eye-tracking task during which a series of face pairs were presented (happy, angry, or sad face paired with a neutral face). Overall attention measures included attention-holding (total looking time) and attention-orienting (latency to faces); affect-biased attention measures included proportion of total looking time to emotional faces and latency difference score. RESULTS Higher maternal pregnancy-related anxiety across gestation predicted decreased infant attention-holding to affective faces [F(1,80) = 7.232, p = .009, partial η2 = 0.083]. No differences were found in infant attention-orienting or affect-biased attention. LIMITATIONS Reliance on a correlational study design precludes the ability to make causal inferences. CONCLUSIONS Maternal pregnancy-related anxiety is an important predictor of child outcomes. We provide novel evidence that pregnancy-related anxiety predicts infant attention to emotional faces, behaviors which have important implications for socioemotional development. Providers may consider pregnancy-related anxiety as a target for screening and treatment that may benefit both pregnant individual and offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle A Swales
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Julie Markant
- Department of Psychology & Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - M Camille Hoffman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Benjamin L Hankin
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Elysia Poggi Davis
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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31
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Arias-Esquivel AM, Vasco ACCDM, Lance J, Warren LK, Rodriguez-Campos LA, Lee MC, Rodriguez CN, Wickens CL. Investigating the gastrointestinal physiology of mature horses with and without a history of cribbing behavior in response to feeding a digestive support supplement. J Equine Vet Sci 2024; 132:104964. [PMID: 37989472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Cribbing, a stereotypic oral behavior observed in horses, involves placing incisors on a fixed object, arching the neck, pulling against the object, and emitting an audible grunt. This behavior has been associated with gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction and gastric ulceration. In this randomized crossover study, we investigated the impact of a GI support supplement (SPL) on the GI environment and physiology of four cribbing (CB) and four non-cribbing horses (NCB). Mature Quarter Horses, acclimated to individual stalls for 16 hours daily with paddock turnout in pairs for 8 hours per day, were randomly assigned to receive either the SPL or placebo for 21 days, followed by a 2-week washout period. Fecal and gastric samples were collected for pH determination and blood samples were analyzed for serum cortisol and gastrin levels. Endoscopic examinations assessed gastric ulcer severity, and cribbing frequency and bouts were recorded via video surveillance. Data were analyzed using a mixed-model ANOVA. Results showed no differences in fecal and gastric pH between cribbing statuses. However, an interaction between supplementation and cribbing status was observed for squamous mucosa ulcer scores (P=0.003). There were no differences in glandular mucosa ulcer scores, serum cortisol, serum gastrin, and crib-bite count between CB and NCB horses or between supplementation groups. Crib-bout duration did not differ with supplementation, but differences were found between periods (P<0.05) and hour ranges (P<0.001). Our findings suggest that the GI support supplement may not effectively address cribbing behavior or alter the GI environment in NCB or CB horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Arias-Esquivel
- Universidad de Costa Rica, Escuela de Zootecnia, San Pedro Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica 11501-2060; University of Florida, Department of Animal Sciences, Gainesville, Florida, United States 32611.
| | | | - Jill Lance
- University of Florida, Department of Animal Sciences, Gainesville, Florida, United States 32611
| | - Lori K Warren
- University of Florida, Department of Animal Sciences, Gainesville, Florida, United States 32611
| | - Luis A Rodriguez-Campos
- Universidad de Costa Rica, Escuela de Zootecnia, San Pedro Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica 11501-2060
| | - Megan C Lee
- University of Florida, Department of Animal Sciences, Gainesville, Florida, United States 32611
| | - Christina N Rodriguez
- University of Florida, Department of Animal Sciences, Gainesville, Florida, United States 32611
| | - Carissa L Wickens
- University of Florida, Department of Animal Sciences, Gainesville, Florida, United States 32611
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Mulc D, Smilović D, Krsnik Ž, Junaković-Munjas A, Kopić J, Kostović I, Šimić G, Vukšić M. Fetal development of the human amygdala. J Comp Neurol 2024; 532:e25580. [PMID: 38289194 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The intricate development of the human amygdala involves a complex interplay of diverse processes, varying in speed and duration. In humans, transient cytoarchitectural structures deliquesce, leading to the formation of functionally distinct nuclei as a result of multiple interdependent developmental events. This study compares the amygdala's cytoarchitectural development in conjunction with specific antibody reactivity for neuronal, glial, neuropil, and radial glial fibers, synaptic, extracellular matrix, and myelin components in 39 fetal human brains. We recognized that the early fetal period, as a continuation of the embryonic period, is still dominated by relatively uniform histogenetic processes. The typical appearance of ovoid cell clusters in the lateral nucleus during midfetal period is most likely associated with the cell migration and axonal growth processes in the developing human brain. Notably, synaptic markers are firstly detected in the corticomedial group of nuclei, while immunoreactivity for the panaxonal neurofilament marker SMI 312 is found dorsally. The late fetal period is characterized by a protracted migration process evidenced by the presence of doublecortin and SOX-2 immunoreactivity ventrally, in the prospective paralaminar nucleus, reinforced by vimentin immunoreactivity in the last remaining radial glial fibers. Nearing the term period, SMI 99 immunoreactivity indicates that perinatal myelination becomes prominent primarily along major axonal pathways, laying the foundation for more pronounced functional maturation. This study comprehensively elucidates the rate and sequence of maturational events in the amygdala, highlighting the key role of prenatal development in its behavioral, autonomic, and endocrine regulation, with subsequent implications for both normal functioning and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damir Mulc
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, Scientific Centre of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dinko Smilović
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, Scientific Centre of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željka Krsnik
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, Scientific Centre of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alisa Junaković-Munjas
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, Scientific Centre of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Janja Kopić
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, Scientific Centre of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivica Kostović
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, Scientific Centre of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Šimić
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, Scientific Centre of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Vukšić
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, Scientific Centre of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Joss D, Lu J, Teicher MH, Lazar SW. Childhood adversity severity modulates the associations between adaptive psychological changes and amygdala volumetric changes in response to behavioral interventions. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2024; 15:100714. [PMID: 38314142 PMCID: PMC10836063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) has been shown to have detrimental impact on amygdala structure. Prior research found that adaptive psychological changes after Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBI) were associated with amygdala volumetric changes. The present study aims to further investigate whether such effects also occur among ACE survivors and whether the effects are unique to MBI. Methods A total of 64 young adult childhood adversity survivors were randomized to an eight-week MBI or Stress Management Education (SME) as an active control condition. Anatomical MRI and questionnaires on mindfulness, stress and psychological health were collected at baseline and post-intervention. Due to subject dropout, the final sample included 39 subjects (MBI:20, SME:19). Results Both groups showed increased mindfulness levels, reduced stress, and improved psychological symptoms (depression, anxiety, and somatization), with no significant group by time interaction effect. There was no significant group difference on amygdala volumetric changes. Within the MBI group, childhood maltreatment severity was a significant mediator between changes of mindfulness levels and right amygdala volumetric changes. Across pooled sample of both groups, childhood maltreatment was a significant moderator for the effect of trait anxiety level changes on left amygdala volumetric changes. Limitations Modest sample size, relatively low retention rates, suboptimal monitoring of home practice. Conclusions MBI did not demonstrate overall better clinical effects than SME. Psychological-change-dependent amygdala volumetric change was not specific to MBI. Childhood maltreatment severity modulated the relationships between adaptive psychological changes and amygdala volumetric changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Joss
- Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Junjie Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health
| | - Martin H Teicher
- Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Sara W. Lazar
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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34
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de Kloet ER, Joëls M. The cortisol switch between vulnerability and resilience. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:20-34. [PMID: 36599967 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01934-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In concert with neuropeptides and transmitters, the end products of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the glucocorticoid hormones cortisol and corticosterone (CORT), promote resilience: i.e., the ability to cope with threats, adversity, and trauma. To exert this protective action, CORT activates mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) and glucocorticoid receptors (GR) that operate in a complementary manner -as an on/off switch- to coordinate circadian events, stress-coping, and adaptation. The evolutionary older limbic MR facilitates contextual memory retrieval and supports an on-switch in the selection of stress-coping styles at a low cost. The rise in circulating CORT concentration after stress subsequently activates a GR-mediated off-switch underlying recovery of homeostasis by providing the energy for restraining the primary stress reactions and promoting cognitive control over emotional reactivity. GR activation facilitates contextual memory storage of the experience to enable future stress-coping. Such complementary MR-GR-mediated actions involve rapid non-genomic and slower gene-mediated mechanisms; they are time-dependent, conditional, and sexually dimorphic, and depend on genetic background and prior experience. If coping fails, GR activation impairs cognitive control and promotes emotional arousal which eventually may compromise resilience. Such breakdown of resilience involves a transition to a chronic stress construct, where information processing is crashed; it leads to an imbalanced MR-GR switch and hence increased vulnerability. Novel MR-GR modulators are becoming available that may reset a dysregulated stress response system to reinstate the cognitive flexibility required for resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ronald de Kloet
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center of Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Marian Joëls
- Dept. Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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35
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Nishigori H, Nishigori T, Suzuki T, Mori M, Yamada M, Isogami H, Murata T, Kyozuka H, Ogata Y, Sato A, Metoki H, Shinoki K, Yasumura S, Hosoya M, Hashimoto K, Fujimori K. Maternal prenatal and postnatal psychological distress trajectories and impact on cognitive development in 4-year-old children: the Japan Environment and Children's Study. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2023; 14:781-794. [PMID: 38327072 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174424000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Maternal prenatal and postnatal psychological distress, including depression and anxiety, may affect children's cognitive development. However, the findings have been inconsistent. We aimed to use the dataset from the Japan Environment and Children's Study, a nationwide prospective birth cohort study, to examine this association. We evaluated the relationship between the maternal six-item version of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) scores and cognitive development among children aged 4 years. K6 was administered twice during pregnancy (M-T1; first half of pregnancy, M-T2; second half of pregnancy) and 1 year postpartum (C-1y). Cognitive development was assessed by trained testers, using the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development 2001. Multiple regression analysis was performed with the group with a K6 score ≤ 4 for both M-T1 and M-T2 and C-1y as a reference. Records from 1,630 boys and 1,657 girls were analyzed. In the group with K6 scores ≥ 5 in both M-T1 and M-T2 and C-1Y groups, boys had significantly lower developmental quotients (DQ) in the language-social developmental (L-S) area (partial regression coefficient: -4.09, 95% confidence interval: -6.88 - -1.31), while girls did not differ significantly in DQ for the L-S area. Among boys and girls, those with K6 scores ≤ 4 at any one or two periods during M-T1, M-T2, or C-1y did not have significantly lower DQ for the L-S area. Persistent maternal psychological distress from the first half of pregnancy to 1 year postpartum had a disadvantageous association with verbal cognitive development in boys, but not in girls aged 4 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Nishigori
- Department of Development and Environmental Medicine, Fukushima Medical Center for Children and Women, Fukushima Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Toshie Nishigori
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Taeko Suzuki
- Department of Development and Environmental Medicine, Fukushima Medical Center for Children and Women, Fukushima Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Midwifery and Maternal Nursing, Fukushima Medical University School of Nursing, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Miyuki Mori
- Department of Development and Environmental Medicine, Fukushima Medical Center for Children and Women, Fukushima Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Midwifery and Maternal Nursing, Fukushima Medical University School of Nursing, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mika Yamada
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Isogami
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Murata
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hyo Kyozuka
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuka Ogata
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akiko Sato
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hirohito Metoki
- Division of Public Health, Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kosei Shinoki
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Hosoya
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Koichi Hashimoto
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Keiya Fujimori
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
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Kimonis ER. The Emotionally Sensitive Child-Adverse Parenting Experiences-Allostatic (Over)Load (ESCAPE-AL) Model for the Development of Secondary Psychopathic Traits. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2023; 26:1097-1114. [PMID: 37735279 PMCID: PMC10640461 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-023-00455-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and treatment of antisocial behavior have improved through efforts to subtype individuals based on similar risk factors and outcomes. In particular, the presence of psychopathic traits is associated with distinct etiological factors and antisocial behavior that begins early in life, is aggressive, persistent, and less likely to normalize with traditional treatments, relative to individuals low on psychopathy or its childhood precursor, callous-unemotional (CU) traits. However, important distinctions can be made within individuals with CU/psychopathic traits according to the presence of elevated anxiety symptoms and/or adverse childhood experiences, known as secondary psychopathy/CU traits. This paper provides a broad and brief overview of theory and empirical literature supporting the existence of secondary psychopathy/CU variants as a distinct subtype of childhood antisocial behavior. It outlines the Emotionally Sensitive Child-Adverse Parenting Experiences-Allostatic (Over)Load (ESCAPE-AL) model for the developmental psychopathology of secondary psychopathic/CU traits and discusses research and theory supporting this perspective. Future research directions for testing this conceptual model and its implications for assessing and treating high-risk individuals with secondary CU/psychopathic traits are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva R Kimonis
- Parent-Child Research Clinic, School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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Robertson O, Rolan E, Wang W, Shirtcliff E, Marceau K. Within-person associations of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, and testosterone hair hormone concentrations and psychological distress in pregnant and non-pregnant women. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2023; 16:100214. [PMID: 37928315 PMCID: PMC10623163 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2023.100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal hair cortisol concentration is inconsistently associated with maternal psychological distress. However, prior studies have not often measured hair cortisol and maternal psychological distress prospectively over time, examined within-person associations, nor concurrently considered the complex hormonal milieu in which cortisol operates during pregnancy. We addressed these limitations and tested associations against a similar non-pregnant comparison group. Participants included 68 women (34 pregnant and 34 non-pregnant; Mage = 29.14 and 83 % White) from the Midwestern United States. Pregnant women were assessed each trimester, at 12, 26, and 38 weeks and non-pregnant women were assessed three times on the same schedule. At each assessment, participants completed measures of psychological distress and provided hair samples. The first 3 cm (from the scalp) of hair was assayed using enzyme immune-assay kits to reflect cumulative levels within the given trimester/3-month time period of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and testosterone. Within-person associations of hair cortisol and ratio of hair cortisol-to-DHEA and cortisol-to-testosterone with psychological distress were assessed using multilevel models. There were positive within-person associations of hair cortisol with cumulative psychological distress (γ = 0.01, s.e. = 0.003, p = .049), anxiety (γ = 0.09, s.e. = 0.04, p = .046), and pregnancy-related anxiety symptoms (γ = 0.10, s.e. = 0.05, p = .041) in the pregnant sample such that on occasions when hair cortisol was higher than average so were psychological distress symptoms. No within-person associations of hair cortisol were supported in non-pregnant women although there was a negative within-person association, such that on occasions of having lower testosterone level than typical, depression symptoms were higher. There were no within-person associations of psychological distress and cortisol-to-DHEA ratio or cortisol-to-testosterone ratio in either the pregnant or non-pregnant sample. At the between person-level for pregnant women, lower cortisol levels were associated with higher perceived stress (γ = -0.28, s.e. = 0.09, p = .003) and depression symptoms (γ = -0.11, s.e. = 0.06, p = .039), whereas higher cortisol levels were associated with higher psychological distress (γ = 0.03, s.e. = 0.01, p = .010), state anxiety (γ = 0.33, s.e. = 0.13, p = .010), and depression symptoms (γ = 0.23, s.e. = 0.09, p = .017) in non-pregnant women. Modeling hair cortisol at the within-person and between-person level revealed differential findings in pregnant and non-pregnant women. Hair cortisol concentration, psychological distress, pregnancy, hormone coupling, within-person associations.
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Ambrozio-Marques D, Gagnon M, Radcliff AB, Meza AL, Baker TL, Watters JJ, Kinkead R. Gestational intermittent hypoxia increases FosB-immunoreactive perikaryas in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus of adult male (but not female) rats. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:1376-1385. [PMID: 37642495 PMCID: PMC10841242 DOI: 10.1113/ep091343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Sleep-disordered breathing is a respiratory disorder commonly experienced by pregnant women. The recurrent hypoxaemic events associated with sleep-disordered breathing have deleterious consequences for the mother and fetus. Adult male (but not female) rats born to dams subjected to gestational intermittent hypoxia (GIH) have a higher resting blood pressure than control animals and show behavioural/neurodevelopmental disorders. The origin of this persistent, sex-specific effect of GIH in offspring is unknown, but disruption of the neuroendocrine stress pathways is a key mechanism by which gestational stress increases disease risk in progeny. Using FosB immunolabelling as a chronic marker of neuronal activation, we determined whether GIH augments basal expression of FosB in the perikaryas of cells in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), a key structure in the regulation of the stress response and blood pressure. From gestational day 10, female rats were subjected to GIH for 8 h/day (light phase) until the day before delivery (gestational day 21); GIH consisted of 2 min hypoxic bouts (10.5% O2 ) alternating with normoxia. Control rats were exposed to intermittent normoxia over the same period (GNX). At adulthood (10-15 weeks), the brains of male and female rats were harvested for FosB immunohistochemistry. In males, GIH augmented PVN FosB labelling density by 30%. Conversely, PVN FosB density in GIH females was 28% lower than that of GNX females. We conclude that GIH has persistent and sex-specific impacts on the development of stress pathways, thereby offering a plausible mechanism by which GIH can disturb neural development and blood pressure homeostasis in adulthood. NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question of this study? In pregnant women, sleep apnoea increases the risk of disease for the offspring at various life stages. Given that gestational stress disrupts the programming of the stress pathways, we determined whether exposing female rats to gestational intermittent hypoxia (GIH) activates hypothalamic neurons regulating the stress response in adult rats. What is the main finding and its importance? Using FosB immunolabelling as a marker of marker of neuronal activation, we showed that GIH augmented basal activation of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in males, but not females. Disruption of the stress pathways is a new hypothesis to explain the persistent and sex-specific impacts of GIH on offspring health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuzia Ambrozio-Marques
- Research Center of the Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Marianne Gagnon
- Research Center of the Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Abigail B Radcliff
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Armand L Meza
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tracy L Baker
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jyoti J Watters
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Richard Kinkead
- Research Center of the Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
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Henze GI, Konzok J, Kudielka BM, Wüst S, Nichols TE, Kreuzpointner L. Associations between cortisol stress responses and limbic volume and thickness in young adults: An exploratory study. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:3962-3980. [PMID: 37806665 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of the relationship between neural measures of limbic structures and hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis responses to acute stress exposure in healthy young adults has so far focused in particular on task-based and resting state functional connectivity studies. Thus, the present study examined the association between limbic volume and thickness measures and acute cortisol responses to the psychosocial stress paradigm ScanSTRESS. Using Permutation Analysis of Linear Models controlling for sex, age and total brain volume, the associations between (sex-specific) cortisol increases and human connectome project style anatomical variables of limbic structures (i.e. volume and thickness) were investigated in 66 healthy and young (18-33 years) subjects (35 men, 31 women taking oral contraceptives). In addition, exploratory (sex-specific) bivariate correlations between cortisol increases and structural measures were conducted. The present data provide interesting new insights into the involvement of striato-limbic structures in psychosocial stress processing, suggesting that acute cortisol stress responses are also associated with mere structural measures of the human brain. Thus, our preliminary findings suggest that not only situation- and context-dependent reactions of the limbic system (i.e. blood oxygenation level-dependent reactions) are related to acute (sex-specific) cortisol stress responses but also basal and somewhat more constant structural measures. Our study hereby paves the way for further analyses in this context and highlights the relevance of the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina-Isabelle Henze
- Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Research Division of Mind and Brain, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julian Konzok
- Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Wüst
- Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Paul EN, Shubitidze S, Rahim R, Rucker I, Valin L, Apostle S, Pospisilik JA, Racicot KE, Smith AL. Exogenous corticosterone administration during pregnancy in mice alters placental and fetal thyroid hormone availability in females. Placenta 2023; 142:1-11. [PMID: 37579594 PMCID: PMC10763606 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maternal prenatal psychological stress is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and increased risk of adverse health outcomes in children. While the molecular mechanisms that govern these associations has not been fully teased apart, stress-induced changes in placental function can drive sex-specific phenotypes in offspring. We sought to identify and examine molecular pathways in the placenta that are altered in response to maternal prenatal stress. METHODS We previously employed a mouse model of maternal prenatal stress where pregnant dams were treated with stress hormone (CORT) beginning in mid-gestation. Using this model, we conducted RNAseq analysis of whole placenta at E18.5. We used qRT-PCR to validate gene expression changes in the placenta and in a trophoblast cell line. ELISAs were used to measure the abundance of thyroid hormones in maternal and fetal serum and in the placenta. RESULTS Dio2 was amongst the top differentially expressed genes in response to exogenous stress hormone. Dio2 expression was more downregulated in placenta of female fetuses from CORT-treated dams than both control placenta from females and placenta from male fetuses. Consistent with Dio2's role in production of bioactive thyroid hormone (T3), we found that there was a reduction of T3 in placenta and serum of female embryos from CORT-treated dams at E18.5. Both T3 and T4 were reduced in the fetal compartment of the placenta of female fetuses from CORT-treated dams at E16.5. Exogenous stress hormone induced reduction in thyroid hormone in females was independent of circulating levels of TH in the dams. DISCUSSION The placental thyroid hormone synthesis pathway may be a target of elevated maternal stress hormone and modulate fetal programming of health and disease of offspring in a sex-specific fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel N Paul
- Dept of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | | | - Rodaba Rahim
- Biology Department, Kenyon College, Gambier, OH, 43050, USA
| | - Imani Rucker
- Biology Department, Kenyon College, Gambier, OH, 43050, USA
| | - Liana Valin
- Biology Department, Kenyon College, Gambier, OH, 43050, USA
| | - Stefanos Apostle
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - J Andrew Pospisilik
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Karen E Racicot
- Dept of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Arianna L Smith
- Biology Department, Kenyon College, Gambier, OH, 43050, USA.
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Herzberg MP, Triplett R, McCarthy R, Kaplan S, Alexopoulos D, Meyer D, Arora J, Miller JP, Smyser TA, Herzog ED, England SK, Zhao P, Barch DM, Rogers CE, Warner BB, Smyser CD, Luby J. The Association Between Maternal Cortisol and Infant Amygdala Volume Is Moderated by Socioeconomic Status. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 3:837-846. [PMID: 37881545 PMCID: PMC10593881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It has been well established that socioeconomic status is associated with mental and physical health as well as brain development, with emerging data suggesting that these relationships begin in utero. However, less is known about how prenatal socioeconomic environments interact with the gestational environment to affect neonatal brain volume. Methods Maternal cortisol output measured at each trimester of pregnancy and neonatal brain structure were assessed in 241 mother-infant dyads. We examined associations between the trajectory of maternal cortisol output across pregnancy and volumes of cortisol receptor-rich regions of the brain, including the amygdala, hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex, and caudate. Given the known effects of poverty on infant brain structure, socioeconomic disadvantage was included as a moderating variable. Results Neonatal amygdala volume was predicted by an interaction between maternal cortisol output across pregnancy and socioeconomic disadvantage (standardized β = -0.31, p < .001), controlling for postmenstrual age at scan, infant sex, and total gray matter volume. Notably, amygdala volumes were positively associated with maternal cortisol for infants with maternal disadvantage scores 1 standard deviation below the mean (i.e., less disadvantage) (simple slope = 123.36, p < .01), while the association was negative in infants with maternal disadvantage 1 standard deviation above the mean (i.e., more disadvantage) (simple slope = -82.70, p = .02). Individuals with disadvantage scores at the mean showed no association, and there were no significant interactions in the other brain regions examined. Conclusions These data suggest that fetal development of the amygdala is differentially affected by maternal cortisol production at varying levels of socioeconomic advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max P. Herzberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Regina Triplett
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ronald McCarthy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sydney Kaplan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Dominique Meyer
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jyoti Arora
- Department of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - J. Philip Miller
- Department of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Tara A. Smyser
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Erik D. Herzog
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sarah K. England
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Peinan Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Deanna M. Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Cynthia E. Rogers
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Barbara B. Warner
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Christopher D. Smyser
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Joan Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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42
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Marr MC, Graham AM, Feczko E, Nolvi S, Thomas E, Sturgeon D, Schifsky E, Rasmussen JM, Gilmore JH, Styner M, Entringer S, Wadhwa PD, Korja R, Karlsson H, Karlsson L, Buss C, Fair DA. Maternal Perinatal Stress Trajectories and Negative Affect and Amygdala Development in Offspring. Am J Psychiatry 2023; 180:766-777. [PMID: 37670606 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.21111176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maternal psychological stress during pregnancy is a common risk factor for psychiatric disorders in offspring, but little is known about how heterogeneity of stress trajectories during pregnancy affect brain systems and behavioral phenotypes in infancy. This study was designed to address this gap in knowledge. METHODS Maternal anxiety, stress, and depression were assessed at multiple time points during pregnancy in two independent low-risk mother-infant cohorts (N=115 and N=2,156). Trajectories in maternal stress levels in relation to infant negative affect were examined in both cohorts. Neonatal amygdala resting-state functional connectivity MRI was examined in a subset of one cohort (N=60) to explore the potential relationship between maternal stress trajectories and brain systems in infants relevant to negative affect. RESULTS Four distinct trajectory clusters, characterized by changing patterns of stress over time, and two magnitude clusters, characterized by severity of stress, were identified in the original mother-infant cohort (N=115). The magnitude clusters were not associated with infant outcomes. The trajectory characterized by increasing stress in late pregnancy was associated with blunted development of infant negative affect. This relationship was replicated in the second, larger cohort (N=2,156). In addition, the trajectories that included increasing or peak maternal stress in late pregnancy were related to stronger neonatal amygdala functional connectivity to the anterior insula and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in the exploratory analysis. CONCLUSIONS The trajectory of maternal stress appears to be important for offspring brain and behavioral development. Understanding heterogeneity in trajectories of maternal stress and their influence on infant brain and behavioral development is critical to developing targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mollie C Marr
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (Marr, Graham, Sturgeon, Schifsky, Fair) and Department of Psychiatry (Graham, Fair), Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, Portland; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Marr); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Marr); Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Institute of Child Development (Fair), and Department of Pediatrics (Feczko, Fair), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Nolvi, Korja); Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin (Nolvi, Entringer, Buss); Department of Neuroscience, Earlham College, Richmond, Ind. (Thomas); Development, Health, and Disease Research Program and Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine (Rasmussen, Entringer, Wadhwa, Buss); Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange (Rasmussen, Entringer, Wadhwa, Buss); Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior (Entringer, Wadhwa), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Wadhwa), and Epidemiology (Wadhwa), University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange; FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku (Korja, H. Karlsson, L. Karlsson); Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital (Korja, H. Karlsson, L. Karlsson); Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (L. Karlsson) and Department of Psychiatry (H. Karlsson), Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (Gilmore); Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (Styner)
| | - Alice M Graham
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (Marr, Graham, Sturgeon, Schifsky, Fair) and Department of Psychiatry (Graham, Fair), Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, Portland; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Marr); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Marr); Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Institute of Child Development (Fair), and Department of Pediatrics (Feczko, Fair), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Nolvi, Korja); Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin (Nolvi, Entringer, Buss); Department of Neuroscience, Earlham College, Richmond, Ind. (Thomas); Development, Health, and Disease Research Program and Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine (Rasmussen, Entringer, Wadhwa, Buss); Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange (Rasmussen, Entringer, Wadhwa, Buss); Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior (Entringer, Wadhwa), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Wadhwa), and Epidemiology (Wadhwa), University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange; FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku (Korja, H. Karlsson, L. Karlsson); Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital (Korja, H. Karlsson, L. Karlsson); Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (L. Karlsson) and Department of Psychiatry (H. Karlsson), Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (Gilmore); Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (Styner)
| | - Eric Feczko
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (Marr, Graham, Sturgeon, Schifsky, Fair) and Department of Psychiatry (Graham, Fair), Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, Portland; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Marr); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Marr); Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Institute of Child Development (Fair), and Department of Pediatrics (Feczko, Fair), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Nolvi, Korja); Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin (Nolvi, Entringer, Buss); Department of Neuroscience, Earlham College, Richmond, Ind. (Thomas); Development, Health, and Disease Research Program and Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine (Rasmussen, Entringer, Wadhwa, Buss); Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange (Rasmussen, Entringer, Wadhwa, Buss); Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior (Entringer, Wadhwa), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Wadhwa), and Epidemiology (Wadhwa), University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange; FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku (Korja, H. Karlsson, L. Karlsson); Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital (Korja, H. Karlsson, L. Karlsson); Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (L. Karlsson) and Department of Psychiatry (H. Karlsson), Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (Gilmore); Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (Styner)
| | - Saara Nolvi
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (Marr, Graham, Sturgeon, Schifsky, Fair) and Department of Psychiatry (Graham, Fair), Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, Portland; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Marr); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Marr); Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Institute of Child Development (Fair), and Department of Pediatrics (Feczko, Fair), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Nolvi, Korja); Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin (Nolvi, Entringer, Buss); Department of Neuroscience, Earlham College, Richmond, Ind. (Thomas); Development, Health, and Disease Research Program and Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine (Rasmussen, Entringer, Wadhwa, Buss); Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange (Rasmussen, Entringer, Wadhwa, Buss); Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior (Entringer, Wadhwa), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Wadhwa), and Epidemiology (Wadhwa), University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange; FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku (Korja, H. Karlsson, L. Karlsson); Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital (Korja, H. Karlsson, L. Karlsson); Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (L. Karlsson) and Department of Psychiatry (H. Karlsson), Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (Gilmore); Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (Styner)
| | - Elina Thomas
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (Marr, Graham, Sturgeon, Schifsky, Fair) and Department of Psychiatry (Graham, Fair), Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, Portland; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Marr); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Marr); Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Institute of Child Development (Fair), and Department of Pediatrics (Feczko, Fair), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Nolvi, Korja); Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin (Nolvi, Entringer, Buss); Department of Neuroscience, Earlham College, Richmond, Ind. (Thomas); Development, Health, and Disease Research Program and Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine (Rasmussen, Entringer, Wadhwa, Buss); Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange (Rasmussen, Entringer, Wadhwa, Buss); Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior (Entringer, Wadhwa), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Wadhwa), and Epidemiology (Wadhwa), University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange; FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku (Korja, H. Karlsson, L. Karlsson); Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital (Korja, H. Karlsson, L. Karlsson); Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (L. Karlsson) and Department of Psychiatry (H. Karlsson), Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (Gilmore); Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (Styner)
| | - Darrick Sturgeon
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (Marr, Graham, Sturgeon, Schifsky, Fair) and Department of Psychiatry (Graham, Fair), Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, Portland; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Marr); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Marr); Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Institute of Child Development (Fair), and Department of Pediatrics (Feczko, Fair), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Nolvi, Korja); Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin (Nolvi, Entringer, Buss); Department of Neuroscience, Earlham College, Richmond, Ind. (Thomas); Development, Health, and Disease Research Program and Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine (Rasmussen, Entringer, Wadhwa, Buss); Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange (Rasmussen, Entringer, Wadhwa, Buss); Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior (Entringer, Wadhwa), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Wadhwa), and Epidemiology (Wadhwa), University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange; FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku (Korja, H. Karlsson, L. Karlsson); Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital (Korja, H. Karlsson, L. Karlsson); Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (L. Karlsson) and Department of Psychiatry (H. Karlsson), Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (Gilmore); Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (Styner)
| | - Emma Schifsky
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (Marr, Graham, Sturgeon, Schifsky, Fair) and Department of Psychiatry (Graham, Fair), Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, Portland; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Marr); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Marr); Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Institute of Child Development (Fair), and Department of Pediatrics (Feczko, Fair), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Nolvi, Korja); Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin (Nolvi, Entringer, Buss); Department of Neuroscience, Earlham College, Richmond, Ind. (Thomas); Development, Health, and Disease Research Program and Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine (Rasmussen, Entringer, Wadhwa, Buss); Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange (Rasmussen, Entringer, Wadhwa, Buss); Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior (Entringer, Wadhwa), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Wadhwa), and Epidemiology (Wadhwa), University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange; FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku (Korja, H. Karlsson, L. Karlsson); Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital (Korja, H. Karlsson, L. Karlsson); Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (L. Karlsson) and Department of Psychiatry (H. Karlsson), Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (Gilmore); Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (Styner)
| | - Jerod M Rasmussen
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (Marr, Graham, Sturgeon, Schifsky, Fair) and Department of Psychiatry (Graham, Fair), Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, Portland; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Marr); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Marr); Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Institute of Child Development (Fair), and Department of Pediatrics (Feczko, Fair), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Nolvi, Korja); Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin (Nolvi, Entringer, Buss); Department of Neuroscience, Earlham College, Richmond, Ind. (Thomas); Development, Health, and Disease Research Program and Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine (Rasmussen, Entringer, Wadhwa, Buss); Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange (Rasmussen, Entringer, Wadhwa, Buss); Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior (Entringer, Wadhwa), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Wadhwa), and Epidemiology (Wadhwa), University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange; FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku (Korja, H. Karlsson, L. Karlsson); Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital (Korja, H. Karlsson, L. Karlsson); Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (L. Karlsson) and Department of Psychiatry (H. Karlsson), Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (Gilmore); Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (Styner)
| | - John H Gilmore
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (Marr, Graham, Sturgeon, Schifsky, Fair) and Department of Psychiatry (Graham, Fair), Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, Portland; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Marr); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Marr); Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Institute of Child Development (Fair), and Department of Pediatrics (Feczko, Fair), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Nolvi, Korja); Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin (Nolvi, Entringer, Buss); Department of Neuroscience, Earlham College, Richmond, Ind. (Thomas); Development, Health, and Disease Research Program and Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine (Rasmussen, Entringer, Wadhwa, Buss); Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange (Rasmussen, Entringer, Wadhwa, Buss); Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior (Entringer, Wadhwa), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Wadhwa), and Epidemiology (Wadhwa), University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange; FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku (Korja, H. Karlsson, L. Karlsson); Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital (Korja, H. Karlsson, L. Karlsson); Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (L. Karlsson) and Department of Psychiatry (H. Karlsson), Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (Gilmore); Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (Styner)
| | - Martin Styner
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (Marr, Graham, Sturgeon, Schifsky, Fair) and Department of Psychiatry (Graham, Fair), Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, Portland; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Marr); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Marr); Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Institute of Child Development (Fair), and Department of Pediatrics (Feczko, Fair), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Nolvi, Korja); Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin (Nolvi, Entringer, Buss); Department of Neuroscience, Earlham College, Richmond, Ind. (Thomas); Development, Health, and Disease Research Program and Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine (Rasmussen, Entringer, Wadhwa, Buss); Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange (Rasmussen, Entringer, Wadhwa, Buss); Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior (Entringer, Wadhwa), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Wadhwa), and Epidemiology (Wadhwa), University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange; FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku (Korja, H. Karlsson, L. Karlsson); Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital (Korja, H. Karlsson, L. Karlsson); Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (L. Karlsson) and Department of Psychiatry (H. Karlsson), Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (Gilmore); Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (Styner)
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (Marr, Graham, Sturgeon, Schifsky, Fair) and Department of Psychiatry (Graham, Fair), Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, Portland; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Marr); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Marr); Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Institute of Child Development (Fair), and Department of Pediatrics (Feczko, Fair), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Nolvi, Korja); Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin (Nolvi, Entringer, Buss); Department of Neuroscience, Earlham College, Richmond, Ind. (Thomas); Development, Health, and Disease Research Program and Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine (Rasmussen, Entringer, Wadhwa, Buss); Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange (Rasmussen, Entringer, Wadhwa, Buss); Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior (Entringer, Wadhwa), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Wadhwa), and Epidemiology (Wadhwa), University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange; FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku (Korja, H. Karlsson, L. Karlsson); Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital (Korja, H. Karlsson, L. Karlsson); Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (L. Karlsson) and Department of Psychiatry (H. Karlsson), Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (Gilmore); Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (Styner)
| | - Pathik D Wadhwa
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (Marr, Graham, Sturgeon, Schifsky, Fair) and Department of Psychiatry (Graham, Fair), Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, Portland; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Marr); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Marr); Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Institute of Child Development (Fair), and Department of Pediatrics (Feczko, Fair), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Nolvi, Korja); Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin (Nolvi, Entringer, Buss); Department of Neuroscience, Earlham College, Richmond, Ind. (Thomas); Development, Health, and Disease Research Program and Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine (Rasmussen, Entringer, Wadhwa, Buss); Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange (Rasmussen, Entringer, Wadhwa, Buss); Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior (Entringer, Wadhwa), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Wadhwa), and Epidemiology (Wadhwa), University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange; FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku (Korja, H. Karlsson, L. Karlsson); Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital (Korja, H. Karlsson, L. Karlsson); Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (L. Karlsson) and Department of Psychiatry (H. Karlsson), Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (Gilmore); Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (Styner)
| | - Riikka Korja
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (Marr, Graham, Sturgeon, Schifsky, Fair) and Department of Psychiatry (Graham, Fair), Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, Portland; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Marr); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Marr); Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Institute of Child Development (Fair), and Department of Pediatrics (Feczko, Fair), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Nolvi, Korja); Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin (Nolvi, Entringer, Buss); Department of Neuroscience, Earlham College, Richmond, Ind. (Thomas); Development, Health, and Disease Research Program and Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine (Rasmussen, Entringer, Wadhwa, Buss); Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange (Rasmussen, Entringer, Wadhwa, Buss); Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior (Entringer, Wadhwa), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Wadhwa), and Epidemiology (Wadhwa), University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange; FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku (Korja, H. Karlsson, L. Karlsson); Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital (Korja, H. Karlsson, L. Karlsson); Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (L. Karlsson) and Department of Psychiatry (H. Karlsson), Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (Gilmore); Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (Styner)
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (Marr, Graham, Sturgeon, Schifsky, Fair) and Department of Psychiatry (Graham, Fair), Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, Portland; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Marr); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Marr); Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Institute of Child Development (Fair), and Department of Pediatrics (Feczko, Fair), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Nolvi, Korja); Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin (Nolvi, Entringer, Buss); Department of Neuroscience, Earlham College, Richmond, Ind. (Thomas); Development, Health, and Disease Research Program and Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine (Rasmussen, Entringer, Wadhwa, Buss); Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange (Rasmussen, Entringer, Wadhwa, Buss); Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior (Entringer, Wadhwa), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Wadhwa), and Epidemiology (Wadhwa), University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange; FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku (Korja, H. Karlsson, L. Karlsson); Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital (Korja, H. Karlsson, L. Karlsson); Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (L. Karlsson) and Department of Psychiatry (H. Karlsson), Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (Gilmore); Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (Styner)
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (Marr, Graham, Sturgeon, Schifsky, Fair) and Department of Psychiatry (Graham, Fair), Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, Portland; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Marr); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Marr); Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Institute of Child Development (Fair), and Department of Pediatrics (Feczko, Fair), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Nolvi, Korja); Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin (Nolvi, Entringer, Buss); Department of Neuroscience, Earlham College, Richmond, Ind. (Thomas); Development, Health, and Disease Research Program and Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine (Rasmussen, Entringer, Wadhwa, Buss); Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange (Rasmussen, Entringer, Wadhwa, Buss); Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior (Entringer, Wadhwa), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Wadhwa), and Epidemiology (Wadhwa), University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange; FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku (Korja, H. Karlsson, L. Karlsson); Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital (Korja, H. Karlsson, L. Karlsson); Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (L. Karlsson) and Department of Psychiatry (H. Karlsson), Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (Gilmore); Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (Styner)
| | - Claudia Buss
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (Marr, Graham, Sturgeon, Schifsky, Fair) and Department of Psychiatry (Graham, Fair), Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, Portland; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Marr); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Marr); Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Institute of Child Development (Fair), and Department of Pediatrics (Feczko, Fair), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Nolvi, Korja); Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin (Nolvi, Entringer, Buss); Department of Neuroscience, Earlham College, Richmond, Ind. (Thomas); Development, Health, and Disease Research Program and Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine (Rasmussen, Entringer, Wadhwa, Buss); Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange (Rasmussen, Entringer, Wadhwa, Buss); Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior (Entringer, Wadhwa), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Wadhwa), and Epidemiology (Wadhwa), University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange; FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku (Korja, H. Karlsson, L. Karlsson); Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital (Korja, H. Karlsson, L. Karlsson); Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (L. Karlsson) and Department of Psychiatry (H. Karlsson), Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (Gilmore); Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (Styner)
| | - Damien A Fair
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (Marr, Graham, Sturgeon, Schifsky, Fair) and Department of Psychiatry (Graham, Fair), Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, Portland; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Marr); Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass. (Marr); Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Institute of Child Development (Fair), and Department of Pediatrics (Feczko, Fair), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Nolvi, Korja); Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin (Nolvi, Entringer, Buss); Department of Neuroscience, Earlham College, Richmond, Ind. (Thomas); Development, Health, and Disease Research Program and Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine (Rasmussen, Entringer, Wadhwa, Buss); Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange (Rasmussen, Entringer, Wadhwa, Buss); Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior (Entringer, Wadhwa), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Wadhwa), and Epidemiology (Wadhwa), University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange; FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku (Korja, H. Karlsson, L. Karlsson); Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital (Korja, H. Karlsson, L. Karlsson); Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (L. Karlsson) and Department of Psychiatry (H. Karlsson), Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (Gilmore); Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (Styner)
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Dhaliwal SK, Dabelea D, Lee-Winn AE, Crume T, Wilkening G, Perng W. Maternal psychosocial stress during pregnancy and offspring neurobehavioral outcomes during early childhood in the Healthy Start Study. Ann Epidemiol 2023; 86:16-24.e3. [PMID: 37321280 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluate singular and combined effects of prenatal maternal depression and stress on early childhood neurobehavioral outcomes among 536 mother-child pairs. METHODS First, we used multivariable linear regression to investigate associations of women's Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) score, separately, with offspring Child Behavior Checklist score. Next, to assess the combined effect of EPDS and PSS, we dichotomized each score at the fourth versus first to third quartiles and created a four-level variable comprising combinations of high and low depression and stress. Across all models, we accounted for household chaos, hubbub, and order scale (CHAOS) score, an indicator of the household environment associated with offspring behavioral outcomes. RESULTS Each one-unit increment in maternal EPDS and PSS scores corresponded with 0.75 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.96) and 0.72 (95% CI: 0.48, 0.95) units higher offspring total problems T-score, respectively. Children of women with high EPDS and PSS had highest T-scores for total problems. All associations remained materially unchanged after adjustment for CHAOS score. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal maternal depression and stress is associated with worse neurobehavioral outcomes among offspring, with the most unfavorable outcomes among children whose mothers had high scores for both EPDS and PSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satvinder K Dhaliwal
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO; Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO; Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Angela E Lee-Winn
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Tessa Crume
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Greta Wilkening
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO; Department or Neuropsychology, Colorado Children's Hospital, Aurora, CO
| | - Wei Perng
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO; Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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Avalos LA, Chandran A, Churchill ML, Gao X, Ames JL, Nozadi SS, Roubinov D, Brennan PA, Bush NR, Camargo CA, Carroll KN, Cioffi CC, Ferrara A, Goldson B, Hedderson MM, Hipwell AE, Kerver JM, O’Connor TG, Porucznik CA, Shuffrey LC, Talavera-Barber MM, Wright RJ, Zhu Y, Croen LA. Prenatal depression and risk of child autism-related traits among participants in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes program. Autism Res 2023; 16:1825-1835. [PMID: 37526980 PMCID: PMC10857745 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the association between prenatal depression and offspring autism-related traits. The sample comprised 33 prenatal/pediatric cohorts participating in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes program who contributed information on prenatal depression and autism-related traits. Autism-related traits were assessed continuously and at the diagnostic cut-off using the Social Responsiveness Scale for children up to 12 years of age. Main analyses included 3994 parent-child pairs with prenatal depression diagnoses data; secondary analyses included 1730 parent-child pairs with depression severity data. After confounder adjustment, we observed an increase in autism-related traits among children of individuals with prenatal depression compared to those without (adjusted β = 1.31 95% CI: 0.65, 1.98). Analyses stratified by child sex documented a similar significant association among boys (aβ = 1.34 95%CI: 0.36, 2.32) and girls (aβ = 1.26 95% CI: 0.37, 2.15). Prenatal depression was also associated with increased odds of moderate to severe autism-related traits (adjusted odds ratio: 1.64, 95%CI: 1.09, 2.46), the screening threshold considered high risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis. Findings highlight the importance of prenatal depression screening and preventive interventions for children of pregnant individuals with depression to support healthy development. Future research is needed to clarify whether these findings reflect overlap in genetic risk for depression and ASD-related traits or another mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsay A. Avalos
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland CA
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer L. Ames
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland CA
| | - Sara S. Nozadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico
| | - Danielle Roubinov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | - Nicole R. Bush
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | - Kecia N. Carroll
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | - Assiamira Ferrara
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland CA
| | - Brandon Goldson
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Jean M. Kerver
- Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics and Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University
| | - Thomas G. O’Connor
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, Neuroscience, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester
| | | | - Lauren C. Shuffrey
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria M. Talavera-Barber
- Avera McKennan Hospital and University Health Center, Avera Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Rosalind J. Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Yeyi Zhu
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland CA
| | - Lisa A. Croen
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland CA
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Mumm H, Dreyer AF, Bleses D, Glintborg D, Jensen TK, Boye H, Trecca F, Andersen MS. Maternal cortisol levels in third trimester and early language development: A study of 1093 mother-child pairs from the Odense Child Cohort. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13314. [PMID: 37449529 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Language development during early childhood is considered an important marker of fetal neurodevelopment. Prenatal cortisol exposure plays a critical role in maturation of the fetal brain; however, the effect on offspring language development needs further investigation. In this prospective observational study we aimed to evaluate the association between maternal third trimester cortisol and early longitudinal offspring language development in the Odense Child Cohort (OCC) and to test whether there were sex differences in the association. The study cohort included 1093 mother-child dyads (570 boys and 523 girls). Fasting morning serum (s-) cortisol was collected from third trimester (gestational week 26-28) pregnant women and measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Offspring receptive and productive vocabulary assessments by MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories parent reports were completed every third month from children age 12-37 months. Levels of cortisol were higher in women carrying a girl (858 ± 214 nmol/L) than in women carrying a boy (820 ± 222 nmol/L). Higher third trimester maternal cortisol levels showed a positive association with development of productive vocabulary in boys at age 12-21 months (OR = 1.23, SE = 0.07, p = .005) and age 22-37 months (OR = 1.09, SE = 0.06, p = .967). Higher maternal cortisol levels in the third trimester were positively associated with receptive vocabulary in girls at 12-21 months of age (OR = 1.16, SE = 0.05, p = .002). Maternal third trimester s-cortisol levels were positively associated with early language development in children at age 12-37 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Mumm
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anja Fenger Dreyer
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dorthe Bleses
- TrygFonden's Centre for Child Research and School of Communication and Culture, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dorte Glintborg
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tina Kold Jensen
- Odense Child Cohort, Hans Christian Andersen Hospital for Children, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- OPEN Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henriette Boye
- Odense Child Cohort, Hans Christian Andersen Hospital for Children, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- OPEN Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Fabio Trecca
- TrygFonden's Centre for Child Research and School of Communication and Culture, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Fox MM, Knorr DA, Kwon D, Wiley KS, Parrish MH. How prenatal cortisol levels relate to grandmother-mother relationships among a cohort of Latina women. Am J Hum Biol 2023; 35:e23883. [PMID: 36862026 PMCID: PMC10474942 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As part of the human reproductive strategy, mothers receive childcare assistance from others. For kin, allomothers are adaptively incentivized to provide assistance due to inclusive fitness benefits. Previous studies across a broad range of populations identify grandmothers as particularly consistent allomothers. Minimal attention has been paid to the possibility that allomothers may begin investing in offspring quality during the prenatal stage of life. Here, we innovate within the area of grandmother allocare research by examining the prenatal stage of life and biopsychosocial mechanisms by which prenatal grandmother effects may be enacted. METHODS Data derive from the Mothers' Cultural Experiences study, a cohort of 107 pregnant Latina women in Southern California. At <16 weeks' gestation, we administered questionnaires, collected morning urine samples, and measured cortisol by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, correcting for specific gravity. We measured the soon-to-be maternal and paternal grandmothers' relationship quality, social support, frequency of seeing each other, communicating, and geographic proximity to pregnant mothers, that is, their daughters and daughters-in-law. These measures were self-reported by the pregnant mothers. We assessed how grandmother constructs related to the pregnant women's depression, stress, anxiety, and cortisol levels. RESULTS We observed benefits conferred by maternal grandmothers for mothers' prenatal mental health and lower cortisol levels. Paternal grandmothers also conferred mental health benefits to pregnant daughters-in-law, but higher cortisol levels. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that grandmothers, especially maternal grandmothers, are able to improve their inclusive fitness by caring for pregnant daughters, and allomother support may positively impact prenatal health. This work extends the traditional cooperative breeding model by identifying a prenatal grandmother effect, and, by examining a maternal biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly M. Fox
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
| | - Delaney A. Knorr
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
| | - Dayoon Kwon
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
| | - Kyle S. Wiley
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
| | - Michael H. Parrish
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
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Nomura Y, Newcorn JH, Ginalis C, Heitz C, Zaki J, Khan F, Nasrin M, Sie K, DeIngeniis D, Hurd YL. Prenatal exposure to a natural disaster and early development of psychiatric disorders during the preschool years: stress in pregnancy study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 64:1080-1091. [PMID: 36129196 PMCID: PMC10027622 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence shows an association between in utero exposure to natural disasters and child behavioral problems, but we still know little about the development of specific psychopathology in preschool-aged children. METHODS Preschool children (n = 163, mean age = 3.19, 85.5% racial and ethnic minorities) and their parents (n = 151) were evaluated annually at ages 2-5 to assess the emergence of psychopathology using the Preschool Age Psychopathological Assessment (PAPA), a parent-report structured diagnostic interview developed for preschool-age children. Sixty-six (40.5%) children were exposed to Sandy Storm (SS) in utero and 97 (59.5%) were not. Survival analysis evaluated patterns of onset and estimated cumulative risks of psychopathology among exposed and unexposed children, in total and by sex. Analyses were controlled for the severity of objective and subjective SS-related stress, concurrent family stress, and demographic and psychosocial confounders, such as maternal age, race, SES, maternal substance use, and normative prenatal stress. RESULTS Exposure to SS in utero was associated with a substantial increase in depressive disorders (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 16.9, p = .030), anxiety disorders (HR = 5.1, p < .0001), and attention-deficit/disruptive behavioral disorders (HR = 3.4, p = .02). Diagnostic rates were elevated for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD; HR = 8.5, p = .004), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; HR = 5.5, p = .01), oppositional-defiant disorder (ODD; HR = 3.8, p = .05), and separation-anxiety disorder (SAD; HR = 3.5, p = .001). Males had distinctively elevated risks for attention-deficit/disruptive behavioral disorders (HR = 7.8, p = .02), including ADHD, CD, and ODD, whereas females had elevated risks for anxiety disorders (HR = 10.0, p < .0001), phobia (HR = 2.8, p = .02) and depressive disorders (HR = 30.0, p = .03), including SAD, GAD, and dysthymia. CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrate that in utero exposure to a major weather-related disaster (SS) was associated with increased risk for psychopathology in children and provided evidence of distinct psychopathological outcomes as a function of sex. More attention is needed to understand specific parent, child, and environmental factors which account for this increased risk, and to develop mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Nomura
- CUNY Queens College, Department of Psychology, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
- CUNY Graduate Center, Department of Psychology, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Pl, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jeffrey H. Newcorn
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Pl, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Christine Ginalis
- CUNY Queens College, Department of Psychology, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
- CUNY Graduate Center, Department of Psychology, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Catherine Heitz
- CUNY Queens College, Department of Psychology, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
| | - Jeenia Zaki
- CUNY Queens College, Department of Psychology, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
| | - Farzana Khan
- CUNY Queens College, Department of Psychology, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
- New York Medical College, School of Medicine, 40 Sunshine Cottage Rd, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Mardia Nasrin
- CUNY Queens College, Department of Psychology, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
- St. John’s University, Department of Clinical Health Professions, 8000 Utopia Pkwy, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Kathryn Sie
- CUNY Queens College, Department of Psychology, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
| | - Donato DeIngeniis
- CUNY Queens College, Department of Psychology, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
| | - Yasmin L. Hurd
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Pl, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Kinkead R, Ambrozio-Marques D, Fournier S, Gagnon M, Guay LM. Estrogens, age, and, neonatal stress: panic disorders and novel views on the contribution of non-medullary structures to respiratory control and CO 2 responses. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1183933. [PMID: 37265841 PMCID: PMC10229816 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1183933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
CO2 is a fundamental component of living matter. This chemical signal requires close monitoring to ensure proper match between metabolic production and elimination by lung ventilation. Besides ventilatory adjustments, CO2 can also trigger innate behavioral and physiological responses associated with fear and escape but the changes in brain CO2/pH required to induce ventilatory adjustments are generally lower than those evoking fear and escape. However, for patients suffering from panic disorder (PD), the thresholds for CO2-evoked hyperventilation, fear and escape are reduced and the magnitude of those reactions are excessive. To explain these clinical observations, Klein proposed the false suffocation alarm hypothesis which states that many spontaneous panics occur when the brain's suffocation monitor erroneously signals a lack of useful air, thereby maladaptively triggering an evolved suffocation alarm system. After 30 years of basic and clinical research, it is now well established that anomalies in respiratory control (including the CO2 sensing system) are key to PD. Here, we explore how a stress-related affective disorder such as PD can disrupt respiratory control. We discuss rodent models of PD as the concepts emerging from this research has influenced our comprehension of the CO2 chemosensitivity network, especially structure that are not located in the medulla, and how factors such as stress and biological sex modulate its functionality. Thus, elucidating why hormonal fluctuations can lead to excessive responsiveness to CO2 offers a unique opportunity to gain insights into the neuroendocrine mechanisms regulating this key aspect of respiratory control and the pathophysiology of respiratory manifestations of PD.
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Hartman S, Belsky J, Pluess M. Prenatal programming of environmental sensitivity. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:161. [PMID: 37164986 PMCID: PMC10172185 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02461-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
According to several theories, people differ in their sensitivity to environmental influences with some more susceptible than others to both supportive and adverse contextual conditions. Such differences in environmental sensitivity have a genetic basis but are also shaped by environmental factors. Herein we narratively build on our previous work proposing that prenatal experiences contribute to the development of environmental sensitivity. This hypothesis of prenatal programming of postnatal plasticity has considerable empirical support. After presenting illustrative animal and human evidence consistent with this claim, we discuss a range of biological mechanisms likely involved in the pathway from prenatal stress exposure to postnatal environmental sensitivity. We also consider work suggesting that genetic differences, gender, as well as the timing, duration and intensity of prenatal exposures may moderate the effects of prenatal programming on postnatal environmental susceptibility or sensitivity. Before concluding, we highlight "unknowns in the prenatal programming of environmental sensitivity" and their practical implications. Ultimately, we conclude that prenatal stress does not necessarily predispose individuals to problematical development, but rather increases sensitivity to both adverse and supportive postnatal contexts. Thus, prenatal stress may actually foster positive development if paired with supportive and caring postnatal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hartman
- Department of Human Eology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jay Belsky
- Department of Human Eology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Michael Pluess
- Department of Psychological Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
- Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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50
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Donnici C, Long X, Reynolds J, Giesbrecht GF, Dewey D, Letourneau N, Huo Y, Landman B, Lebel C. Prenatal depressive symptoms and childhood development of brain limbic and default mode network structure. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:2380-2394. [PMID: 36691973 PMCID: PMC10028635 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal depressive symptoms are linked to negative child behavioral and cognitive outcomes and predict later psychopathology in adolescent children. Prior work links prenatal depressive symptoms to child brain structure in regions like the amygdala; however, the relationship between symptoms and the development of brain structure over time remains unclear. We measured maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy and acquired longitudinal T1-weighted and diffusion imaging data in children (n = 111; 60 females) between 2.6 and 8 years of age. Controlling for postnatal symptoms, we used linear mixed effects models to test relationships between prenatal depressive symptoms and age-related changes in (i) amygdala and hippocampal volume and (ii) structural properties of the limbic and default-mode networks using graph theory. Higher prenatal depressive symptoms in the second trimester were associated with more curvilinear trajectories of left amygdala volume changes. Higher prenatal depressive symptoms in the third trimester were associated with slower age-related changes in limbic global efficiency and average node degree across childhood. Our work provides evidence that moderate symptoms of prenatal depression in a low sociodemographic risk sample are associated with structural brain development in regions and networks implicated in emotion processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Donnici
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xiangyu Long
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jess Reynolds
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gerald F Giesbrecht
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Deborah Dewey
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nicole Letourneau
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yuankai Huo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bennett Landman
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Catherine Lebel
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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