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Singh L. A vision for a diverse, inclusive, equitable, and representative developmental science. Dev Sci 2024:e13548. [PMID: 39091060 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Leher Singh
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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2
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Brady LM, Wang C, Griffiths C, Yang J, Markus HR, Fryberg SA. A leadership-level culture cycle intervention changes teachers' culturally inclusive beliefs and practices. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2322872121. [PMID: 38857405 PMCID: PMC11194553 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2322872121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite an abundance of support for culturally inclusive learning environments, there is little consensus regarding how to change educational contexts to effectively and sustainably foster cultural inclusion. To address this gap, we report findings from a research-practice partnership that leveraged the Culture Cycle Framework (CCF) to expand educators' praxis to include both independent and interdependent models of self. Most U.S. schools validate independent cultural models (i.e., those that prioritize individuality, uniqueness, and personal agency) and overlook interdependent models (i.e., those that prioritize connectedness, relationality, and collective well-being), which are more common among students from marginalized racial and socioeconomic backgrounds. Using a quasi-experimental longitudinal design, we trained school leadership to integrate ideas about cultural inclusion (i.e., validating the importance of both independent and interdependent cultural models) into school-wide flagship practices. We assessed downstream indicators of culture change by surveying teachers and students across the district and found that a) leadership-level training enhanced school-wide beliefs about cultural inclusion, b) teachers' endorsement of culturally inclusive beliefs predicted their use of culturally inclusive practices, and c) teachers' use of culturally inclusive practices predicted enhanced psychosocial and academic outcomes among students. This research represents a comprehensive culture change effort using the CCF and illustrates a means of fostering inclusion-focused educational culture change and assessing downstream consequences of culture change initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Brady
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | | | - Jenny Yang
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Hazel R. Markus
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
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3
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Pan Z, Cutumisu M. Using machine learning to predict UK and Japanese secondary students' life satisfaction in PISA 2018. BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 94:474-498. [PMID: 38129097 DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Life satisfaction is a key component of students' subjective well-being due to its impact on academic achievement and lifelong health. Although previous studies have investigated life satisfaction through different lenses, few of them employed machine learning (ML) approaches. OBJECTIVE Using ML algorithms, the current study predicts secondary students' life satisfaction from individual-level variables. METHOD Two supervised ML models, random forest (RF) and k-nearest neighbours (KNN), were developed based on the UK data and the Japan data in PISA 2018. RESULTS Findings show that (1) both models yielded better performance on the UK data than on the Japanese data; (2) the RF model outperformed the KNN model in predicting students' life satisfaction; (3) meaning in life, student competition, teacher support, exposure to bullying and ICT resources at home and at school played important roles in predicting students' life satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS Theoretically, this study highlights the multi-dimensional nature of life satisfaction and identifies several key predictors. Methodologically, this study is the first to use ML to explore the predictors of life satisfaction. Practically, it serves as a reference for improving secondary students' life satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexuan Pan
- Marsal Family School of Education and Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Maria Cutumisu
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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4
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Medvedev D, Davenport D, Talhelm T, Li Y. The motivating effect of monetary over psychological incentives is stronger in WEIRD cultures. Nat Hum Behav 2024; 8:456-470. [PMID: 38191844 PMCID: PMC10963269 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01769-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Motivating effortful behaviour is a problem employers, governments and nonprofits face globally. However, most studies on motivation are done in Western, educated, industrialized, rich and democratic (WEIRD) cultures. We compared how hard people in six countries worked in response to monetary incentives versus psychological motivators, such as competing with or helping others. The advantage money had over psychological interventions was larger in the United States and the United Kingdom than in China, India, Mexico and South Africa (N = 8,133). In our last study, we randomly assigned cultural frames through language in bilingual Facebook users in India (N = 2,065). Money increased effort over a psychological treatment by 27% in Hindi and 52% in English. These findings contradict the standard economic intuition that people from poorer countries should be more driven by money. Instead, they suggest that the market mentality of exchanging time and effort for material benefits is most prominent in WEIRD cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila Medvedev
- University of Chicago, Booth School of Business, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Diag Davenport
- Princeton University, School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Thomas Talhelm
- University of Chicago, Booth School of Business, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yin Li
- Yale University, Yale School of Management, New Haven, CT, USA
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5
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Dorsch TE, Blazo JA, Delli Paoli AG, Hardiman AL. We know what we know, but from whom did we learn it? A sociodemographic history of participant characteristics and reporting practices in sport and exercise psychology. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2023; 69:102504. [PMID: 37665939 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The majority of research participants in the social sciences are recruited from populations that are Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic. This has the potential to threaten the external validity and limit the generalizability of research findings. It also highlights the need to provide a historical accounting of participant characteristics and reporting practices across coherent disciplines of research. This paper reports the participant characteristics from studies published in 12 leading journals in the sport and exercise psychology literature. In total, 15,650 peer-reviewed articles were published across these outlets from 1930 to 2021, involving 4,487,437 human participants. A descriptive overview of participant characteristics and reporting practices suggests that empirical understanding of human experiences and outcomes in sport and exercise settings is built from an incomplete and unrepresentative sample of participants. Findings illuminate potential knowledge gaps that may have resulted from the lack of diverse samples and offer potential paths forward for contemporary sport and exercise psychology scholars who wish to address these gaps.
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6
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Lee CT, Lin CY, Koós M, Nagy L, Kraus SW, Demetrovics Z, Potenza MN, Ballester-Arnal R, Batthyány D, Bergeron S, Billieux J, Burkauskas J, Cárdenas-López G, Carvalho J, Castro-Calvo J, Chen L, Ciocca G, Corazza O, Csako RI, Fernandez DP, Fernandez EF, Fujiwara H, Fuss J, Gabrhelík R, Gewirtz-Meydan A, Gjoneska B, Gola M, Grubbs JB, Hashim HT, Islam MS, Ismail M, Jiménez-Martínez M, Jurin T, Kalina O, Klein V, Költő A, Lee SK, Lewczuk K, Lochner C, López-Alvarado S, Lukavská K, Mayta-Tristán P, Milea I, Miller DJ, Orosová O, Orosz G, Ponce FP, Quintana GR, Garzola GCQ, Ramos-Diaz J, Rigaud K, Rousseau A, Scanavino MDT, Schulmeyer MK, Sharan P, Shibata M, Shoib S, Sigre-Leirós V, Sniewski L, Spasovski O, Steibliene V, Stein DJ, Strizek J, Ünsal BC, Vaillancourt-Morel MP, Van Hout MC, Bőthe B. The eleven-item Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST-11): Cross-cultural psychometric evaluation across 42 countries. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 165:16-27. [PMID: 37453212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) is an instrument to screen substance-use-related health risks. However, little is known whether the ASSIST could be further shortened while remaining psychometrically sound across different countries, languages, gender identities, and sexual-orientation-based groups. The study aimed to validate a shortened 11-item ASSIST (ASSIST-11). Using the International Sex Survey data, 82,243 participants (M age = 32.39 years) across 42 countries and 26 languages completed questions from the ASSIST-11 regarding gender identity, sexual orientation, and other information. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and multigroup CFA (MGCFA) evaluated the ASSIST-11's structure and tested measurement invariance across groups. Cronbach's α and McDonald's ω were used to examine the internal consistency. Cohen's d and independent t-tests were used to examine known-group validity. The ASSIST-11 was unidimensional across countries, languages, age groups, gender identities (i.e., men, women, and gender-diverse individuals), and sexual orientations (i.e., heterosexual and sexual minority individuals). Cronbach's α was 0.63 and McDonald's ω was 0.68 for the ASSIST-11. Known-group validity was supported by Cohen's d (range between 0.23 and 0.40) with significant differences (p-values<0.001). The ASSIST-11 is a modified instrument with a unidimensional factor structure across different languages, age groups, countries, gender identities, and sexual orientations. The low internal consistency of the ASSIST-11 might be acceptable as it assesses a broad concept (i.e., use of several different substances). Healthcare providers and researchers may use the ASSIST-11 to quickly assess substance-use information from general populations and evaluate the need to follow up with more detailed questions about substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ting Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Mónika Koós
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Léna Nagy
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Shane W Kraus
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA
| | - Rafael Ballester-Arnal
- Departmento de Psicología Básica, Clínica y Psicobiología, University Jaume I of Castellón, Spain
| | - Dominik Batthyány
- Institute for Behavioural Addictions, Sigmund Freud University Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophie Bergeron
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Joël Billieux
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Excessive Gambling, Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospitals (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julius Burkauskas
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuania
| | - Georgina Cárdenas-López
- Virtual Teaching and Cyberpsychology Laboratory, School of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Joana Carvalho
- William James Center for Research, Departamento de Educação e Psicologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; CPUP: Center for Psychology at Porto University
| | - Jesús Castro-Calvo
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Lijun Chen
- Department of Psychology, College of Humanity and Social Science, Fuzhou University, China
| | - Giacomo Ciocca
- Section of Sexual Psychopathology, Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ornella Corazza
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Italy
| | - Rita I Csako
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Hironobu Fujiwara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Decentralized Big Data Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Johannes Fuss
- Institute of Forensic Psychiatry and Sex Research, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Roman Gabrhelík
- Charles University, Department of Addictology, Prague, Czech Republic; General University Hospital in Prague, Department of Addictology, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Mateusz Gola
- Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland; Institute for Neural Computations, University of California San Diego, USA
| | | | | | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh; Centre for Advanced Research Excellence in Public Health, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | | | - Martha Jiménez-Martínez
- Universidad Pedagógca y Tecnológica de Colombia, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación Biomédica y de Patología, Colombia
| | - Tanja Jurin
- Department of Psychology, Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ondrej Kalina
- Department of Educational Psychology and Psychology of Health, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Verena Klein
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - András Költő
- Health Promotion Research Centre, University of Galway, Ireland
| | - Sang-Kyu Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, South Korea; Chuncheon Addiction Management Center, South Korea
| | - Karol Lewczuk
- Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Christine Lochner
- SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | | | - Kateřina Lukavská
- Charles University, Department of Addictology, Prague, Czech Republic; Charles University, Department of Psychology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | - Oľga Orosová
- Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Department of Educational Psychology and Psychology of Health, Slovakia
| | | | | | - Gonzalo R Quintana
- Departamento de Psicología y Filosofía, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Arica y Parinacota, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Ann Rousseau
- Leuven School for Mass Communication, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marco De Tubino Scanavino
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Experimental Pathophisiology Post Graduation Program, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Pratap Sharan
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Mami Shibata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sheikh Shoib
- Department of Psychology, Shardha University, India
| | - Vera Sigre-Leirós
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Legal Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospitals (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Vesta Steibliene
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuania
| | - Dan J Stein
- SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Dept of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Berk C Ünsal
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Beáta Bőthe
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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Skinner-Dorkenoo AL, George M, Wages JE, Sánchez S, Perry SP. A systemic approach to the psychology of racial bias within individuals and society. NATURE REVIEWS PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 2:1-15. [PMID: 37361392 PMCID: PMC10196321 DOI: 10.1038/s44159-023-00190-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Historically, the field of psychology has focused on racial biases at an individual level, considering the effects of various stimuli on individual racial attitudes and biases. This approach has provided valuable information, but not enough focus has been placed on the systemic nature of racial biases. In this Review, we examine the bidirectional relation between individual-level racial biases and broader societal systems through a systemic lens. We argue that systemic factors operating across levels - from the interpersonal to the cultural - contribute to the production and reinforcement of racial biases in children and adults. We consider the effects of five systemic factors on racial biases in the USA: power and privilege disparities, cultural narratives and values, segregated communities, shared stereotypes and nonverbal messages. We discuss evidence that these factors shape individual-level racial biases, and that individual-level biases shape systems and institutions to reproduce systemic racial biases and inequalities. We conclude with suggestions for interventions that could limit the effects of these influences and discuss future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meghan George
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - James E. Wages
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR USA
| | - Sirenia Sánchez
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Sylvia P. Perry
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
- Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
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8
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Dai JD, Yellowtail JL, Munoz-Salgado A, Lopez JJ, Ward-Griffin E, Hawk CE, LeBlanc J, Santos N, Farero A, Eason AE, Fryberg SA. We Are Still Here: Omission and Perceived Discrimination Galvanized Civic Engagement Among Native Americans. Psychol Sci 2023:9567976231165271. [PMID: 37186808 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231165271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Leading up to the 2020 U.S. presidential election, Native American organizations and tribes launched get-out-the-vote campaigns that motivated Native peoples to vote in record numbers and helped flip battleground states. We conducted four studies (total N = 11,661 Native American adults) to examine the social and cultural factors explaining this historic Native civic engagement (e.g., campaigning). Results revealed that the more participants identified as being Native, the more they reported (a) engaging in civic activities, including get-out-the-vote behaviors during the 2020 election (Study 1); (b) civic engagement more broadly across a 5-year period (pilot study, Study 2); and (c) intentions to engage in civic activities in the future (Study 3). Moreover, participants who more strongly identified as Native were more likely to recognize the omission of their group from society and perceive greater group discrimination, which both independently and serially predicted greater civic engagement. These results suggest that leveraging the link between Native identification and group injustices can motivate action.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Doris Dai
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nikki Santos
- Center for Native American Youth, The Aspen Institute, Washington, DC
| | - Adam Farero
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan
| | - Arianne E Eason
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
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9
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Chalabaev A, Cheval B, Maltagliati S, Saoudi I, Sniehotta FF. Beyond Individual Cognitions: Time for Intervention Science to Focus on Health Context and Audience. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:465-470. [PMID: 37076243 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Intervention science faces a hazardous paradox: on the one hand, vulnerable populations (eg, patients, people from low socioeconomic background, older adults) are those for whom adoption of healthy behaviors is most urgent; on the other hand, behavior change models are less predictive, and interventions less successful, in these populations. This commentary presents 4 reasons that may explain this issue: (1) research mostly focuses on what causes behavior and how to change it, at the expense of investigating among whom and under what conditions models are valid; (2) models put an undue emphasis on individual cognitions; (3) most studies are not conducted on vulnerable populations; and (4) most researchers are from high-income countries. Several avenues are proposed to address this issue: (1) providing a central place to the context and audience in health behavior change modelization, through collaborations with researchers from other disciplines and countries, and with members of the targeted audience; (2) better reporting samples' sociodemographic characteristics and increasing samples' diversity; and (3) using more rigorous and innovative designs (eg, powered randomized controlled trials, N-of-1 trials, intensive longitudinal studies). In conclusion, it becomes urgent to change the way we do research: the social utility and credibility of intervention science depend on it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva,Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, Switzerland Department of Public Health, Social and Environmental Determinants of Health, Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), University of Geneva, Geneva,Switzerland
| | | | | | - Falko F Sniehotta
- Department of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, CPD, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim,Germany
- NIHR Policy Research Unit Behavioural Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne,United Kingdom
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10
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Joshanloo M, Bond MH. National wealth, individualism, generalised trust, and religiosity as moderators of the relationship between helping strangers and life satisfaction in 137 societies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 58:178-186. [PMID: 36543750 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We predicted that the relationship between helping strangers and life satisfaction would depend partially on the wealth of the country in which one lives. We argue that wealthy societies provide a wide range of welfare provisions for assisting their citizens. By contrast, people living in poorer countries with associated lower individualism, lower generalised trust, and higher religiosity have fewer financial and institutional supports for their daily welfare. They thus receive greater personal and interpersonal rewards for helping strangers in their societies and experience greater life satisfaction. Using a 137-country sample, we found that the relationship between helping strangers and life satisfaction was weaker in wealthier nations and in nations with more individualistic, more trusting, but less religious citizens. When all four moderators were used, only trust and religiosity remained significant moderators. In a supplementary mediated moderation model, we also found that trust and religiosity mediated the effect of national wealth on the relationship between kindness and life satisfaction. We conclude that the relationship between kindness and life satisfaction depends on various aspects of national culture that may reduce or increase people's dependence in their daily lives on the help of others as opposed to dependence on welfare institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Joshanloo
- Department of Psychology, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Michael Harris Bond
- Department of Management and Marketing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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11
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Thomas CC, Markus HR. Enculturating the Science of International Development: Beyond the WEIRD Independent Paradigm. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/00220221221128211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Initiatives in international development and behavioral science rely predominantly on the independent models of the self and agency that are prevalent in individualist Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) cultural contexts. Programs that are guided by these independent models, explicitly or implicitly, as the default way of being and that neglect interdependent models can reduce the potential of development initiatives to advance poverty reduction and well-being in two ways. First, programs based solely on independent models of agency—centered on personal goals and values; self-advancement and self-expression; and autonomy—can limit the scope and effectiveness of the development science toolkit. Second, programs that are not responsive to interdependent ways of being—centered on relational goals and values; responsiveness to social norms, roles, and obligations; and social coordination—that are common in many Global South sociocultural contexts can be met with resistance or backlash. We propose that taking account of interdependent psychosocial tendencies is a promising way to diversify the behavioral science toolkit and to build a more comprehensive science of human behavior. Furthermore, culturally responsive program designs have the potential both to promote decolonized, inclusive approaches that preserve rather than override local ways of being and to enable diverse trajectories of societal development to flourish. We integrate experimental and descriptive research from psychology, economics, education, and global health to suggest how models of interdependent agency can be productively integrated into development program designs to advance quality of life in locally resonant ways.
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Meuer M, Oeberst A, Imhoff R. How do conspiratorial explanations differ from non‐conspiratorial explanations? A content analysis of real‐world online articles. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Meuer
- Department of Psychology University of Mainz Mainz Germany
- Department of Psychology University of Hagen Hagen Germany
| | - Aileen Oeberst
- Department of Psychology University of Hagen Hagen Germany
| | - Roland Imhoff
- Department of Psychology University of Mainz Mainz Germany
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13
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Garcini LM, Arredondo MM, Berry O, Church JA, Fryberg S, Thomason ME, McLaughlin KA. Increasing diversity in developmental cognitive neuroscience: A roadmap for increasing representation in pediatric neuroimaging research. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 58:101167. [PMID: 36335807 PMCID: PMC9638728 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding of human brain development has advanced rapidly as the field of developmental cognitive neuroscience (DCN) has matured into an established scientific discipline. Despite substantial progress, DCN lags behind other related disciplines in terms of diverse representation, standardized reporting requirements for socio-demographic characteristics of participants in pediatric neuroimaging studies, and use of intentional sampling strategies to more accurately represent the socio-demographic, ethnic, and racial composition of the populations from which participants are sampled. Additional efforts are needed to shift DCN towards a more inclusive field that facilitates the study of individual differences across a variety of cultural and contextual experiences. In this commentary, we outline and discuss barriers within our current scientific practice (e.g., research methods) and beliefs (i.e., what constitutes good science, good scientists, and good research questions) that contribute to under-representation and limited diversity within pediatric neuroimaging studies and propose strategies to overcome those barriers. We discuss strategies to address barriers at intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, systemic, and structural levels. Highlighting strength-based models of inclusion and recognition of the value of diversity in DCN research, along with acknowledgement of the support needed to diversify the field is critical for advancing understanding of neurodevelopment and reducing health inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz M Garcini
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, United States
| | - Maria M Arredondo
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, United States.
| | - Obianuju Berry
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, United States
| | - Jessica A Church
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, United States
| | | | - Moriah E Thomason
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, United States
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14
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Mashuri A, Putra IE, Montiel C. Political psychology of Southeast Asia. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.5964/jspp.10133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This special thematic section spotlights the current state of political psychology in Southeast Asia. Drawing from various research methodologies, five papers published in this special thematic section provide psychological insights into different political topics in the past and present-day Southeast Asia, including 1) Islam and politics; 2) terrorist labelling; 3) violence against minorities; 4) moralised policies; and 5) vote-buying. Overall, this special thematic section contributes to the understanding of the political psychology of non-WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) populations, particularly in Southeast Asia. The need for more publications with non-WEIRD samples in the field of political psychology is discussed, as are some strategies to actualise this goal.
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15
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Meldahl LG, Krijger L, Andvik MM, Cardenas NE, Cuddeford O, Duerto S, Game JR, Ibenfeldt M, Mustafa M, Tong M, Viksveen P. Characteristics of the ideal healthcare services to meet adolescents' mental health needs: A qualitative study of adolescents' perspectives. Health Expect 2022; 25:2924-2936. [PMID: 36074720 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite increased focus on development of mental health services worldwide, many adolescents still hesitate to reach out to the services when they need them. This might be linked to the lack of adolescent involvement in the development of services. This study aimed to explore adolescents' perspectives on the ideal healthcare services to meet their mental health needs. METHODS A two-stage qualitative study was carried out to explore the perspectives of adolescents on the healthcare services to support their mental health. In the first stage, data from 295 adolescents attending a mental health seminar were analysed using qualitative content analysis. In the second stage, in-depth perspectives of 10 adolescent coresearchers were gathered through self-reflection and group discussions to further explore the categories developed in the first stage. Thematic analysis was used to develop the themes answering the research question. Ten adolescent coresearchers planned the study, collected and analysed data and authored the manuscript, with the support of a senior researcher. RESULTS Five themes describe adolescents' perspectives on the ideal healthcare services to meet their mental health needs: (1) Culturally Sensitive and Responsive; (2) Communication of Information; (3) Easy Access; (4) Variety of Support; and (5) Consistency. Culturally Sensitive and Responsive services influenced all other themes. The themes describe suggestions for mental health service improvement, including how to manage the barriers that adolescents face to receive help from the mental health services. DISCUSSION This study highlights the importance of culturally sensitive and responsive services. It raises the need for an expanded definition of culture going beyond nationality and ethnic background. Adolescents need flexible services that meet their individual mental health needs. This has implications for practitioners, educators, system organizers and researchers, who should also involve adolescents in planning, implementing and assessing the services. There is a need for a self-learning system to continuously adapt to user feedback. CONCLUSION This study provides insight into adolescents' perspectives on the ideal mental health services. It offers suggestions for ways to improve services to better meet the individual mental health needs of adolescents. Additional research is needed to further develop and implement service changes, as well as to assess their acceptability, effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and safety. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION This is a study lead by adolescents. Adolescent coresearchers have, with the support of a senior researcher, planned and carried out the study, collected and analysed data and authored the manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia G Meldahl
- Department for Quality and Health Technology, SHARE-Centre for Resilience in Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Lou Krijger
- Department for Quality and Health Technology, SHARE-Centre for Resilience in Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.,ESCP Europe (Business Management), Ecole Supérieure de Commerce de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Maren M Andvik
- Department for Quality and Health Technology, SHARE-Centre for Resilience in Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.,School of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences (Zoology), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Nicole E Cardenas
- Department for Quality and Health Technology, SHARE-Centre for Resilience in Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.,School of Psychology (Psychology), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - Oliver Cuddeford
- Department for Quality and Health Technology, SHARE-Centre for Resilience in Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.,Faculty of Art Design and Architecture (Architecture), University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Samuel Duerto
- Department for Quality and Health Technology, SHARE-Centre for Resilience in Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.,Faculty of Philosophy, Theology and Religious Studies (Philosophy, Politics and Societies), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Julia R Game
- Department for Quality and Health Technology, SHARE-Centre for Resilience in Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maya Ibenfeldt
- Department for Quality and Health Technology, SHARE-Centre for Resilience in Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health (Pharmacology), University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Murad Mustafa
- Department for Quality and Health Technology, SHARE-Centre for Resilience in Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.,Faculty of Health Sciences (Nursing), University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Mathias Tong
- Department for Quality and Health Technology, SHARE-Centre for Resilience in Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science (Chemical Engineering), University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Petter Viksveen
- Department for Quality and Health Technology, SHARE-Centre for Resilience in Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
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16
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Goldrick M. An Impoverished Epistemology Holds Back Cognitive Science Research. Cogn Sci 2022; 46:e13199. [PMID: 36070855 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Goldrick
- Department of Linguistics, Northwestern University.,Department of Psychology, Northwestern University.,Cognitive Science Program, Northwestern University
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17
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Hopkins N. Identity Matters: A Social Psychology of Everyday Citizenship. PSYCHOLOGY AND DEVELOPING SOCIETIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09713336221115531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper takes as its focus the need for psychologists to take issues of culture seriously. In doing so, it is important that psychologists adopt a critical approach to many widely held and taken-for-granted assumptions about culture and cultural processes. In particular, there is a pressing need to explore the ways in which constructions of culture routinely feature in the marginalisation of minority group members. Using examples drawn from the UK, I explore how cultural diversity can be represented by majority group members to question others’ belonging within the national community. In turn, I consider the implications of this for minority group members’ everyday (informal) experiences of citizenship (e.g. their ability to be heard in discussions about the nation and the challenges it faces). I also consider minority group members’ experiences of such marginalisation and the various ways in which exclusionary constructions of culture and belonging may be contested.
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18
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Minto K, Masser B, Louis W. Lay Understandings of the Structure of Intimate Partner Violence in Relationships: An Analysis of Behavioral Clustering Patterns. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP10810-NP10831. [PMID: 33482700 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520986276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is common and has a lasting negative impact on the health and well-being of victims and survivors. People's mental frameworks (schemas) of IPV are central in allowing them to identify and respond to IPV. Early recognition of IPV is essential to reducing the cumulative harm caused by repeated instances of abusive behaviors. In relationships with IPV, abuse typically starts with relatively less harmful behaviors, which may be ambiguous in isolation, and escalates. The present research examines the content of lay people's IPV schemas to gain insight into their understanding of the presentation and progression of IPV. Participants (N = 168) were presented with two exemplars each of three different relationship types (nonabusive, nonphysically abusive, and physically abusive) resulting in a total of six exemplars. They were also presented with a list of behaviors that comprised nonabusive, nonphysically abusive, and physically abusive actions. For each exemplar, participants selected the behaviors they considered most likely to co-occur with the exemplar behavior. They then rated the abusiveness of the behavioral clusters they had created. Results indicate that participants distinguish nonabusive, physically abusive, and nonphysically abusive clusters. Nonphysically abusive behavior clusters are seen as less abusive than physically abusive behavior clusters, with nonphysically abusive behaviors more likely to be grouped with nonabusive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiara Minto
- The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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19
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Oppong S. Indigenous psychology in Africa: Centrality of culture, misunderstandings, and global positioning. THEORY & PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09593543221097334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
I present here an assessment of African Psychology (AP) to give insights about how it has been conceptualised and practised thus far as well as what its future holds. I begin with a focus on the centrality of culture and how AP treats the concept of culture. I will then attempt to respond to some concerns often raised by Africa-based psychologists who do not operate in and from a multiracial space about the relevance and legitimacy of AP. Theoretically, multiracial space is conceptualised not to mean the mere presence of people from diverse races in a particular space but also to the uneven distribution of power in spaces such as a country, state, university, or any community of people. Further, I attempt to argue for positioning of AP to contribute to global psychology. I will discuss implications for theory development, practice, curriculum design, and pedagogical practices as well.
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20
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Batchelder AW, Hagan MJ. The Clinical Relevance of a Socioecological Conceptualization of Self-Worth. REVIEW OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/10892680221109201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low self-worth pervades discussions of psychopathology, is a central feature of many psychiatric disorders, and appears in conceptions of psychological distress in a range of cultural contexts . Explication of this aspect of self-evaluation offers clinical utility especially when adequate attention is paid to social and cultural aspects of the self. In this paper, we propose that refining the conceptualization of self-worth as felt perceptions of one’s mattering and deservingness of equity and psychological, social, and material resources offers a unique clinical utility. We present an argument for this definition of self-worth, building on existing literature, as a relativistic construct informed and reinforced by dynamic feedback from intrapersonal, interpersonal, sociocultural, and structural socioecological levels. To highlight that self-worth has been an implied but under-examined concept, we follow with a selective review of psychological and sociological perspectives of self-esteem and related constructs. We conclude with a discussion of our conceptualization’s implications for measurement and treatment, including the potential transdiagnostic utility of self-worth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail W. Batchelder
- Behavioral Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa J. Hagan
- Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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21
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Testing Models of Associations Between Depression and Parenting Self-efficacy in Mothers: A Meta-analytic Review. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2022; 25:471-499. [PMID: 35556193 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-022-00398-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Numerous cross-sectional studies confirm the long-theorized association between mothers' depression and lower parenting self-efficacy (PSE) beliefs. However, cross-sectional studies leave unanswered the direction of this association: Does depression predict PSE? Does PSE predict depression? Are both true? Does the strength of the association between depression and PSE, regardless of the direction, generalize across participant characteristics and study design features? How stable is PSE over time? And how effective are interventions at enhancing PSE? To answer these questions, we conducted a meta-analytic review of longitudinal studies. With 35 eligible studies (22,698 participants), we found support for both models: there was a significant pooled effect of both depression on PSE and of PSE on depression, with nearly identical effect sizes (d = - 0.21 and - 0.22, respectively). The association was stronger in samples with mothers' younger average age and studies that measured PSE among mothers relative to during pregnancy. We found a medium degree of stability in the index of PSE, d = 0.60. Finally, the estimated pooled effect size between being in an intervention group versus control group and PSE was 0.505. Overall, we found support for (1) bidirectional associations between depression and PSE in mothers, (2) the stability of PSE over time, and (3) the strength of the relationship between PSE and depression with intervention. These results suggest the importance of continuing to develop, test, and disseminate interventions to enhance PSE. We interpret these findings in the context of both depression and low PSE having serious consequences for child outcomes and maladaptive parenting.
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22
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Brons ME, Bolt GS, Helbich M, Visser K, Stevens GW. Independent associations between residential neighbourhood and school characteristics and adolescent mental health in the Netherlands. Health Place 2022; 74:102765. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Agger CA, Roby RS, Nicolai KD, Koenka AC, Miles ML. Taking a Critical Look at Adolescent Research on Black Girls and Women: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/07435584221076054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the field of adolescent development, the language, theoretical frameworks, methods for collecting and analyzing data, and ways of interpretation that researchers use may advance notions of white supremacy and perpetuate racist ideas. Understanding how researchers study Black girls and women, in particular, is a critical step in working toward the production of science and knowledge that promotes an anti-racist and anti-sexist agenda and centers the voices of historically marginalized adolescents. Accordingly, we engaged in a systematic review (k = 48) with the goal of taking a critical look at how researchers study Black girls and women. Our synthesis of empirical articles from four prominent adolescent research journals published between 2010 and 2020 revealed themes related to (a) a dearth of critical theoretical frameworks, (b) a lack of acknowledgment of the intersectional experiences of Black girls and women, (c) differences in how researchers incorporate ethnic/racial information, (d) the use of a deficit perspective, and (e) the dominance of quantitative designs. We discuss these themes and conclude with recommendations for incorporating critical frameworks and more varied methodologies, issuing a call for adolescent development scholars to take a deeper, asset-based, and more critical approach to studying Black girls and their development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Monica L. Miles
- Physician Assistant Education Association, Washington, DC, USA
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24
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The role of infant attention and parental sensitivity in infant cognitive development in the Netherlands and China. J Exp Child Psychol 2021; 215:105324. [PMID: 34896764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Infant attention and parental sensitivity are important predictors of later child executive function (EF). However, most studies have investigated infant and parent factors in relation to child EF separately and included only mothers from Western samples. The current study examined whether both infant attention at 4 months and parental sensitivity at 4 and 14 months were related to infant EF (i.e., inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility) at 14 months among 124 Dutch and 63 Chinese first-time mothers and fathers and their infants. Findings revealed that parental sensitivity at 4 months was not correlated with infant EF abilities at 14 months. However, infant attention at 4 months was significantly related to 14-month working memory, but not to inhibition and cognitive flexibility. Maternal sensitivity at 14 months was significantly related to 14-month inhibition, but not to working memory and cognitive flexibility). No country differences were found in the relation among 4-month infant attention, parental sensitivity, and EF outcomes. Results show that both infant and parent factors are associated with early EF development and that these correlates of early EF skills may be similar in Western and non-Western samples.
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25
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Does older adults' cognition particularly suffer from stress? A systematic review of acute stress effects on cognition in older age. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:583-602. [PMID: 34896431 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This literature review provides the first comprehensive qualitative and quantitative systematic synthesis of acute laboratory stress effects on older adults' cognition by specifying the direction and magnitude of those effects both overall and for different cognitive processes separately. A systematic literature search was performed, and effect sizes estimated whenever possible. We found meta-analytical evidence that stress has negative effects on older adults' verbal fluency (gadj = -0.53, 95 % CI [-2.70, 1.63]), null-to-negative effects on episodic memory (gadj = -0.26, 95 % CI [-0.44, -0.08]), null effects on executive functions (gadj = 0.07, 95 % CI [-0.31, 0.46]), and enhancing effects on working memory (gadj = 0.16, 95 % CI [-0.01, 0.33]). Relating these findings to those in young adults, notable differences emerged for some cognitive functions, such as opposing effects on working memory between age groups. Our review further reveals that stress effects on older adults' memory retention, associative memory, prospective memory, interference control or cognitive flexibility are heavily understudied. We provide a conceptual and methodological framework for future studies in older adults.
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26
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Nketia J, Amso D, Brito NH. Towards a more inclusive and equitable developmental cognitive neuroscience. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 52:101014. [PMID: 34571453 PMCID: PMC8476647 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.101014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain and cognitive development is a burgeoning area of scientific inquiry, with tremendous potential to better the lives of children. Large scale longitudinal neuroimaging studies offer opportunities for significant scientific advances in our understanding of developing brain structure and function. The proposed manuscript will focus on the scientific potential of the HEALthy Brain and Cognitive Development (HBCD) Study, highlighting what questions these data can and what they cannot answer about child development. Specifically, we caution against the misuse of these data for advancing de-contextualized and scientifically questionable narratives about the development of children from marginalized communities. We will focus on building and organizing a framework for interpreting HBCD data through the lens of sampling, cultural context, measurement, and developmental science theory. Our goal is to thoughtfully offer the scientific community opportunities to use the large scale and collaborative nature of HBCD to collectively revise practices in developmental science that to-date have not carefully considered their own role in perpetuating narratives that support systemic injustice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazlyn Nketia
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic & Psychological Sciences, Brown University, United States; Department of Psychology, Columbia University, United States.
| | - Dima Amso
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, United States
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27
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Covarrubias R, Laiduc G. Complicating College-Transition Stories: Strengths and Challenges of Approaches to Diversity in Wise-Story Interventions. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2021; 17:732-751. [PMID: 34699293 DOI: 10.1177/17456916211006068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In response to the growing numbers of minoritized students (e.g., low-income, first-generation, students of color) transitioning into U.S. systems of higher education, researchers have developed transition-assistance strategies, such as psychologically wise-story interventions. Through a rigorous, theory-driven approach, wise-story interventions use stories to encourage students to develop adaptive meanings about college-transition challenges, subsequently allowing students to persist. Yet there is one critical distinction between existing wise-story interventions. Well-known examples endorse a color-evasive message that all students, regardless of their demographic backgrounds, share similar struggles when adjusting to college. One variation in wise-story interventions ties transition struggles explicitly to students' identities, adopting more of a multicultural perspective. Drawing from diversity frameworks, we offer in this article a comparative analysis of these variations; we outline under what conditions, for whom, and through which processes these varying approaches to identity affect student outcomes. In this discussion, we reflect on both the strengths and challenges of wise-story interventions and offer considerations for extending these approaches. Specifically, we ask whether integrating critical perspectives into wise-story interventions better addresses the experiences of minoritized students as they navigate institutions historically built for dominant groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giselle Laiduc
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz
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28
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Lopez-Vergara HI, Yang M, Weiss NH, Stamates AL, Spillane NS, Feldstein Ewing SW. The cultural equivalence of measurement in substance use research. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2021; 29:456-465. [PMID: 34242041 PMCID: PMC8511178 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Across a wide range of substance use outcomes, ethnic/racial minorities in the U.S. experience a disproportionately higher burden of negative health outcomes and/or lower levels of access to care (relative to non-Latinx White individuals). Various explanations for these substance use-related health disparities have been proposed. This narrative review will not focus on the theoretical content of these explanations but will instead focus on the underlying statistical frameworks that are used to test such theories. Here, we provide a narrative review of psychometric critiques of cross-cultural research, which collectively suggest that (a) research testing similarities and differences among ethnic/racial groups often miss or omit to test statistical assumptions of equal instrument functioning across the ethnic/racial groups being compared; (b) testing the assumptions of equal instrument functioning is feasible using established guidelines from modern measurement theories; and (c) substance use research may need to explicitly incorporate the tests of equal instrument functioning to prevent bias when making inferences across ethnic/racial groups. We provide recommendations for evaluating the cultural equivalence of measurement using structural equation modeling, and advocate that cross-cultural substance use research move toward statistical approaches that are better positioned to test for (and model) bias in measurement. Explicitly testing the cultural equivalence of measurement when making inferences across cultural groups (within a falsifiable psychometric framework) can advance our understanding of similarities and differences among ethnic/racial groups, and hence can provide a more socially just (and statistically robust) scientific base. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manshu Yang
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island
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29
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Arshamian A, Sundelin T, Wnuk E, O'Meara C, Burenhult N, Rodriguez GG, Lekander M, Olsson MJ, Lasselin J, Axelsson J, Majid A. Human sickness detection is not dependent on cultural experience. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20210922. [PMID: 34255999 PMCID: PMC8277478 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.0922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals across phyla can detect early cues of infection in conspecifics, thereby reducing the risk of contamination. It is unknown, however, if humans can detect cues of sickness in people belonging to communities with whom they have limited or no experience. To test this, we presented Western faces photographed 2 h after the experimental induction of an acute immune response to one Western and five non-Western communities, including small-scale hunter-gatherer and large urban-dwelling communities. All communities could detect sick individuals. There were group differences in performance but Western participants, who observed faces from their own community, were not systematically better than all non-Western participants. At odds with the common belief that sickness detection of an out-group member should be biased to err on the side of caution, the majority of non-Western communities were unbiased. Our results show that subtle cues of a general immune response are recognized across cultures and may aid in detecting infectious threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artin Arshamian
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tina Sundelin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ewelina Wnuk
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Carolyn O'Meara
- Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas, National Autonomous University of Mexico in Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Niclas Burenhult
- Centre for Languages and Literature, Lund University, Sweden.,Lund University Humanities Laboratory, Lund University, Sweden
| | | | - Mats Lekander
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats J Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julie Lasselin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Axelsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Asifa Majid
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK
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Kahalon R, Klein V, Ksenofontov I, Ullrich J, Wright SC. Mentioning the Sample’s Country in the Article’s Title Leads to Bias in Research Evaluation. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/19485506211024036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Psychology research from Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) countries, especially from the United States, receives more scientific attention than research from non-WEIRD countries. We investigate one structural way that this inequality might be enacted: mentioning the sample's country in the article title. Analyzing the current publication practice of four leading social psychology journals (Study 1) and conducting two experiments with U.S. American and German students (Study 2), we show that the country is more often mentioned in articles with samples from non-WEIRD countries than those with samples from WEIRD countries (especially the United States) and that this practice is associated with less scientific attention. We propose that this phenomenon represents a (perhaps unintentional) form of structural discrimination, which can lead to underrepresentation and reduced impact of social psychological research done with non-WEIRD samples. We outline possible changes in the publication process that could challenge this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Kahalon
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Verena Klein
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Inna Ksenofontov
- The Institute for Social Psychology, Osnabrück University, Germany
- Faculty of Psychology, FernUniversität, Hagen, Germany
| | | | - Stephen C. Wright
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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31
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Markus HR. Gender Inequality and Well-Being: Concepts and Their Measures Are Cultural Products-A Reflection on Li et al. (2021). Psychol Sci 2021; 32:952-954. [PMID: 34061703 DOI: 10.1177/09567976211018206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This Further Reflections piece was invited by the Editors of the journal to provide additional consideration of some of the significant issues under study in "Culture Moderates the Relation Between Gender Inequality and Well-Being" (Li et al., 2021) available online at https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797620972492 and on pages 823 to 835 of this issue. Further Reflections are not commentaries on a particular article, though they are inspired by one. Rather, they provide broader perspectives on issues considered in Research Articles, beyond those that authors are able to provide in the Introduction and Discussion sections of their articles. The Editors' objective with Further Reflections is that they will raise the level of conversation around psychological issues of societal importance. Further Reflections are by invitation only.
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32
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Tam K, Leung AK, Clayton S. Research on climate change in social psychology publications: A systematic review. ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ajsp.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim‐Pong Tam
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong China
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33
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Tatum KL, Valenzuela JM, Amirniroumand RA, Brochu PM. Parents' Perceptions of and Responses to School-Based Body Mass Index Screening Programs-A Systematic Review. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2021; 91:331-344. [PMID: 33655546 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence for the effectiveness of state-mandated body mass index (BMI) screening programs in the United States has been inconclusive, and potential unintended consequences of the programs have been debated. The present review aims to understand parents' perceptions of and responses to school-based BMI screening, and to highlight racial/ethnic differences. METHODS We systematically identified studies published January 2003-May 2019 examining parent and/or youth perceptions of and/or responses to US school-based BMI screening. RESULTS A total of 16 studies were included in the review. Studies suggested that while parents largely found BMI screening helpful, they held concerns regarding stigma, lack of privacy, and unhealthy behaviors and attitudes resulting from school-based screening. Furthermore, parents did not frequently follow-up with health care providers, although they reported some healthy behavior changes. CONCLUSIONS Our review highlights existing parent perceptions of school-based BMI screening including the potential for healthy behavior change and important concerns regarding weight-stigma and disturbed eating attitudes/behaviors. Additionally, racial/ethnic differences in screening preferences and experiences were found. Limitations of existing literature included a need to understand youths' experiences and a lack of standardized, reliable outcomes research. Implications for future research and the role of parents, schools, and providers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina L Tatum
- Doctoral Student, , Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 33314., USA
| | - Jessica M Valenzuela
- Associate Professor, , Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 33314., USA
| | - Roya A Amirniroumand
- Doctoral Student, , Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 33314., USA
| | - Paula M Brochu
- Assistant Professor, , Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 33314., USA
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34
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Li X, Han M, Cohen GL, Markus HR. Passion matters but not equally everywhere: Predicting achievement from interest, enjoyment, and efficacy in 59 societies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2016964118. [PMID: 33712544 PMCID: PMC7980419 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2016964118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
How to identify the students and employees most likely to achieve is a challenge in every field. American academic and lay theories alike highlight the importance of passion for strong achievement. Based on a Western independent model of motivation, passionate individuals-those who have a strong interest, demonstrate deep enjoyment, and express confidence in what they are doing-are considered future achievers. Those with less passion are thought to have less potential and are often passed over for admission or employment. As academic institutions and corporations in the increasingly multicultural world seek to acquire talent from across the globe, can they assume that passion is an equally strong predictor of achievement across cultural contexts? We address this question with three representative samples totaling 1.2 million students in 59 societies and provide empirical evidence of a systematic, cross-cultural variation in the importance of passion in predicting achievement. In individualistic societies where independent models of motivation are prevalent, relative to collectivistic societies where interdependent models of motivation are more common, passion predicts a larger gain (0.32 vs. 0.21 SD) and explains more variance in achievement (37% vs. 16%). In contrast, in collectivistic societies, parental support predicts achievement over and above passion. These findings suggest that in addition to passion, achievement may be fueled by striving to realize connectedness and meet family expectations. Findings highlight the risk of overweighting passion in admission and employment decisions and the need to understand and develop measures for the multiple sources and forms of motivation that support achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Li
- Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
| | - Miaozhe Han
- School of Business, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong 999077
| | - Geoffrey L Cohen
- Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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35
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Noor M, Suitner C, Morton T. Diversity: From people to knowledge and back again. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masi Noor
- Keele University Newcastle Under Lyme UK
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36
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Weisner T. Still the Most Important Influence on Human Development: Culture, Context, and Methods Pluralism. Hum Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1159/000512943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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37
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Camerota M, Willoughby MT. Applying Interdisciplinary Frameworks to Study Prenatal Influences on Child Development. CHILD DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES 2020; 15:24-30. [DOI: 10.1111/cdep.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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38
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Oppong S. Towards a Model of Valued Human Cognitive Abilities: An African Perspective Based on a Systematic Review. Front Psychol 2020; 11:538072. [PMID: 33343437 PMCID: PMC7746612 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.538072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies that investigate cognitive ability in African children and estimate the general cognitive abilities of African adults tend to work with existing models of intelligence. However, African philosophy and empirical studies in cross-cultural psychology have demonstrated that conceptualizations of human cognitive ability vary with location. This paper begins with the assumption that the existing Anglo-American models of cognitive abilities are valuable but limited in their capacity to account for the various conceptualizations of valued cognitive abilities in different human societies. On the basis of this assumption, I employ extant empirical evidence generated through ethnographic studies across Africa to formulate what an African model of valued human cognitive ability ought to be. The output of this formulation has been so christened a model of valued cognitive ability in order to draw attention to the fact that models of cognitive abilities have currency and values in each human society. This value allocation is expected to influence which elements of cognitive ability each human society will promote and develop. In addition, implications for theory, research and praxes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Oppong
- Department of Psychology, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
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39
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Granic I, Morita H, Scholten H. Young People’s Digital Interactions from a Narrative Identity Perspective: Implications for Mental Health and Wellbeing. PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1047840x.2020.1820225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Granic
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Hiromitsu Morita
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Hanneke Scholten
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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40
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Fakkel M, Peeters M, Lugtig P, Zondervan-Zwijnenburg MAJ, Blok E, White T, van der Meulen M, Kevenaar ST, Willemsen G, Bartels M, Boomsma DI, Schmengler H, Branje S, Vollebergh WAM. Testing sampling bias in estimates of adolescent social competence and behavioral control. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 46:100872. [PMID: 33142133 PMCID: PMC7642800 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In 5 of the 6 large Dutch developmental cohorts investigated here, lower SES adolescents are underrepresented and higher SES adolescents overrepresented. With former studies clearly revealing differences between SES strata in adolescent social competence and behavioral control, this misrepresentation may contribute to an overestimation of normative adolescent competence. Using a raking procedure, we used national census statistics to weigh the cohorts to be more representative of the Dutch population. Contrary to our expectations, in all cohorts, little to no differences between SES strata were found in the two outcomes. Accordingly, no differences between weighted and unweighted mean scores were observed across all cohorts. Furthermore, no clear change in correlations between social competence and behavioral control was found. These findings are most probably explained by the fact that measures of SES in the samples were quite limited, and the low SES participants in the cohorts could not be considered as representative of the low SES groups in the general population. Developmental outcomes associated with SES may be affected by a raking procedure in other cohorts that have a sufficient number and sufficient variation of low SES adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fakkel
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - M Peeters
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P Lugtig
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - E Blok
- Erasmus Universiteit, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T White
- Erasmus Universiteit, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - S T Kevenaar
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Willemsen
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Bartels
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D I Boomsma
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Schmengler
- Erasmus Universiteit, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S Branje
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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41
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Amir D, McAuliffe K. Cross-cultural, developmental psychology: integrating approaches and key insights. EVOL HUM BEHAV 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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42
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Frey KS, Strong ZH, Onyewuenyi AC, Pearson CR, Eagan BR. Third-Party Intervention in Peer Victimization: Self-Evaluative Emotions and Appraisals of a Diverse Adolescent Sample. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2020; 30:633-650. [PMID: 32030841 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
African American, European American, Mexican American, and Native American adolescents (N = 270) described how they felt and appraised their own actions in response to a peer's victimization. Analyses compared times they had calmed victim emotions, amplified anger, avenged, and resolved conflicts peacefully. Adolescents felt prouder, more helpful, more like a good friend, and expected more peer approval after calming and resolving than after amplifying anger or avenging peers. They also felt less guilt and shame after calming and resolving. Avenging elicited more positive self-evaluation than amplifying. Epistemic network analyses explored links between self-evaluative and other emotions. Pride was linked to relief after efforts to calm or resolve. Third-party revenge reflected its antisocial and prosocial nature with connections between pride, relief, anger, and guilt.
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43
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Adamson MM, Shakil S, Sultana T, Hasan MA, Mubarak F, Enam SA, Parvaz MA, Razi A. Brain Injury and Dementia in Pakistan: Current Perspectives. Front Neurol 2020; 11:299. [PMID: 32425875 PMCID: PMC7205019 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, accounting for 50-75% of all cases, with a greater proportion of individuals affected at older age range. A single moderate or severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with accelerated aging and increased risk for dementia. The fastest growth in the elderly population is taking place in China, Pakistan, and their south Asian neighbors. Current clinical assessments are based on data collected from Caucasian populations from wealthy backgrounds giving rise to a "diversity" crisis in brain research. Pakistan is a lower-middle income country (LMIC) with an estimated one million people living with dementia. Pakistan also has an amalgamation of risk factors that lead to brain injuries such as lack of road legislations, terrorism, political instability, and domestic and sexual violence. Here, we provide an initial and current assessment of the incidence and management of dementia and TBI in Pakistan. Our review demonstrates the lack of resources in terms of speciality trained clinician staff, medical equipment, research capabilities, educational endeavors, and general awareness in the fields of dementia and TBI. Pakistan also lacks state-of-the-art assessment of dementia and its risk factors, such as neuroimaging of brain injury and aging. We provide recommendations for improvement in this arena that include the recent creation of Pakistan Brain Injury Consortium (PBIC). This consortium will enhance international collaborative efforts leading to capacity building for innovative research, clinician and research training and developing databases to bring Pakistan into the international platform for dementia and TBI research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheen M Adamson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Rehabilitation, VA Palo Alto, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Sadia Shakil
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Tajwar Sultana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan.,Neurocomputation Laboratory, National Centre for Artificial Intelligence, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan.,Department of Computer and Information Systems Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abul Hasan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan.,Neurocomputation Laboratory, National Centre for Artificial Intelligence, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Mubarak
- Department of Radiology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ather Enam
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad A Parvaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Adeel Razi
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,The Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Electronic Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
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44
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Matthews JS, López F. Race-reimaging educational psychology research: Investigating constructs through the lens of race and culture. CONTEMPORARY EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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45
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Fryberg SA, Eason AE, Brady LM, Jessop N, Lopez JJ. Unpacking the Mascot Debate: Native American Identification Predicts Opposition to Native Mascots. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1948550619898556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
While major organizations representing Native Americans (e.g., National Congress of American Indians) contend that Native mascots are stereotypical and dehumanizing, sports teams with Native mascots cite polls claiming their mascots are not offensive to Native people. We conducted a large-scale, empirical study to provide a valid and generalizable understanding of Native Americans’ ( N = 1,021) attitudes toward Native mascots. Building on the identity centrality literature, we examined how multiple aspects of Native identification uniquely shaped attitudes toward mascots. While Native Americans in our sample generally opposed Native mascots, especially the Redskins, attitudes varied according to demographic characteristics (e.g., age, political orientation, education) and the strength of participants’ racial–ethnic identification. Specifically, stronger Native identification (behavioral engagement and identity centrality) predicted greater opposition. Results highlight the importance of considering the unique and multifaceted aspects of identity, particularly when seeking to understand Native people’s attitudes and experiences.
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46
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Coppens AD, Corwin AI, Alcalá L. Beyond Behavior: Linguistic Evidence of Cultural Variation in Parental Ethnotheories of Children's Prosocial Helping. Front Psychol 2020; 11:307. [PMID: 32226401 PMCID: PMC7081774 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined linguistic patterns in mothers' reports about their toddlers' involvement in everyday household work, as a way to understand the parental ethnotheories that may guide children's prosocial helping and development. Mothers from two cultural groups - US Mexican-heritage families with backgrounds in indigenous American communities and middle-class European-American families - were interviewed regarding how their 2- to 3-year-old toddler gets involved in help with everyday household work. The study's analytic focus was the linguistic form of mothers' responses to interview questions asking about the child's efforts to help with a variety of everyday household work tasks. Results showed that mothers responded with linguistic patterns that were indicative of ethnotheoretical assumptions regarding children's agency and children's prosocial intentions, with notable contrasts between the two cultural groups. Nearly all US Mexican-heritage mothers reported children's contributions and participation using linguistic forms that centered children's agency and prosocial initiative, which corresponds with extensive evidence suggesting the centrality of both children's autonomy and supportive prosocial expectations in how children's helpfulness is socialized in this and similar cultural communities. By contrast, middle-class European-American mothers frequently responded to questions about their child's efforts to help with linguistic forms that "pivoted" to either the mother as the focal agent in the child's prosocial engagement or to reframing the child's involvement to emphasize non-help activities. Correspondence between cultural differences in the linguistic findings and existing literature on socialization of children's prosocial helping is discussed. Also discussed is the analytic approach of the study, uncommon in developmental psychology research, and the significance of the linguistic findings for understanding parental ethnotheories in each community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Coppens
- Education Department, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Anna I. Corwin
- Anthropology Department, Saint Mary’s College of California, Moraga, CA, United States
| | - Lucía Alcalá
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Fullerton, CA, United States
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47
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Bibi A, Lin M, Margraf J. Salutogenic constructs across Pakistan and Germany: A cross sectional study. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2020; 20:1-9. [PMID: 32021613 PMCID: PMC6994757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective Protective factors are relevant for mental health in general, however, universality of the instruments has been rarely tested. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine psychometric properties and cross-cultural measurement invariance of salutogenic constructs. Method Data was collected from university students of Pakistan (n = 1,841) and Germany (n = 7,890). Single-group confirmatory analysis (CFA) and multiple-group CFA was tested to examine the proposed factor structure and measurement invariance of Positive Mental Health Scale, Resilience Scale, Perceived Social Support Questionnaire, and Life Satisfaction Scale across student samples from Pakistan and Germany respectively. Results We found strong measurement invariance for the Positive Mental Health Scale, Life Satisfaction Scale, and partial strong measurement for the Resilience Scale, and Perceived Social Support Questionnaire. Conclusions The results indicate that these scales could be recommended for the meaningful comparison of latent means across cultures. Understanding these differences would further advance our knowledge about the mechanism underlying positive mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Bibi
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Muyu Lin
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Margraf
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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48
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Anakwah N, Horselenberg R, Hope L, Amankwah‐Poku M, Koppen PJ. Cross‐cultural differences in eyewitness memory reports. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nkansah Anakwah
- Department of Criminal Law and CriminologyMaastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Portsmouth Portsmouth UK
| | - Robert Horselenberg
- Department of Criminal Law and CriminologyMaastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Lorraine Hope
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Portsmouth Portsmouth UK
| | | | - Peter J. Koppen
- Department of Criminal Law and CriminologyMaastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands
- Department of Criminal Law and CriminologyVU University Amsterdam The Netherlands
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49
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Guo L, Wang W, Du X, Guo Y, Li W, Zhao M, Wu R, Lu C. Associations of Substance Use Behaviors With Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts Among US and Chinese Adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:611579. [PMID: 33536951 PMCID: PMC7848020 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.611579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adolescence has been described as a period of increased health risk-taking behaviors. Given the variety of cultural contexts, healthcare systems, and public health policies in different regions, the present study aimed to determine whether there are similar or different associations of substance use behaviors with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among US and Chinese adolescents. Methods: This study included a total of 14,765 US adolescents from the 2017 National Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) and 24,345 Chinese adolescents from the 2017 School-based Chinese Adolescents Health Survey (SCAHS). Results: The proportions of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts were 17.4 and 5.7% among US adolescents, which were higher than those among Chinese adolescents (suicidal ideation: 13.7% and suicide attempts: 2.7%). Among Chinese adolescents, the most common substance use behavior was "alcohol use (55.4%)," followed by "cigarette use (11.6%)." Among US adolescents, the most popular substance was alcohol (ever used: 55.9%), followed by marijuana (ever used: 34.6%). Moreover, alcohol use was significantly related to suicidal ideation/suicide attempts only in Chinese adolescents [suicidal ideation: Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.71~2.06; suicide attempts: AOR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.71~2.63], and marijuana use was associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts only in the US adolescent group (suicidal ideation: AOR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.06~1.44; suicide attempts: AOR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.21~1.87). Moreover, although the associations of prescription pain medication use with suicide attempts were significant in both Chinese and US adolescent groups, the adjusted associations were stronger in Chinese adolescents than in US adolescents (Chinese adolescents: AOR = 3.97, 95% CI = 2.76~5.72; US adolescents: AOR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.43~2.16; P < 0.05). Conclusions: The associations of alcohol use with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts were only significant in Chinese adolescents. Marijuana use was associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts only in the US adolescent group. Although the associations of prescription pain medication use with suicide attempts were significant in both Chinese and US adolescent groups, the adjusted associations were significantly stronger for Chinese adolescents. These findings might be related to the differences in cultural contexts, healthcare systems, and public health policies in the two different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Guo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanxin Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueying Du
- Health Promotion Centre for Primary and Secondary Schools of Guangzhou Municipality, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangfeng Guo
- Health Promotion Centre for Primary and Secondary Schools of Guangzhou Municipality, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meijun Zhao
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruipeng Wu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ciyong Lu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, China
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Smith PB, Bond MH. Cultures and Persons: Characterizing National and Other Types of Cultural Difference Can Also Aid Our Understanding and Prediction of Individual Variability. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2689. [PMID: 31849785 PMCID: PMC6901915 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Valid understanding of the relationship between cultures and persons requires an adequate conceptualization of the many contexts within which individuals work and live. These contexts include the more distal features of the individual’s birth ecology and ethno-national group history. These features converge more proximally upon individual experience as “process” variables, through the institutional–normative constraints and affordances encountered through socialization into a diverse set of cultural groupings. This enculturation is then revealed in the individual’s response profile of values, beliefs, choices, and behaviors at any given time. Cross-cultural psychologists have typically compared these encultured responses cross-nationally by averaging the scores of equivalent groups of persons across national groups, terming these average differences “cultural differences.” This procedure has generated considerable resistance, primarily due to careless over-generalization of results to all members of a given cultural group. Critics of nation-based characterizations have challenged their methodological and conceptual inadequacies, but we now know better how to address the measurement-related aspects of culture-level “psychological” variables, such as individualism–collectivism. In challenging the accuracy of these measures, critics have also neglected to acknowledge the continuing predictive and discriminant validity of these dimensions of national culture. We here review the utility of more recent measurements. We then show how nation-level comparisons can be used by psychologists to improve our understanding of individual, rather than group, outcomes. Nations are heterogeneous amalgams of ethnicities, social classes, organizations, school systems, and families. Individuals’ socialization into these groups affects their functioning at any given point in life. These enculturations are further dependent on their gender, age, and education. Assessment of culture’s relation with individual functioning requires adequate measurement of both personality and normative aspects of situations in which behavior is enacted. Once this integration of cultural influences is achieved, the logic and methodology for integrating national culture into psychological models of individual behavior can be applied within any nation where research focuses on how within-nation cultural variation affects individual functioning. Culture, conceptualized as normative group constraints, becomes more widely amenable to study, and the hard lessons learned from cross-national research can be used to guide the practice of more locally sensitive research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Harris Bond
- Department of Management and Marketing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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