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Zhou XP, Xing JP, Sun LB, Tian SQ, Luo R, Liu WH, Song XY, Gao SH. Molecular characteristics and systemic treatment options of liposarcoma: A systematic review. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117204. [PMID: 39067161 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Liposarcoma (LPS) is a rare soft tissue sarcoma that develops from the differentiation of fat cells, typically occurring in the lower extremities and retroperitoneal space. Depending on its histological morphology and molecular changes, LPS can be divided into various subtypes, each exhibiting distinct biological behaviors. During treatment, especially for LPS arising in the retroperitoneum, the extent and quality of the initial surgery are critically important. Treatment strategies must be tailored to the specific type of LPS. Over the past few decades, the treatment of LPS has undergone numerous advancements, with new therapeutic approaches such as targeted drugs and immunotherapies continually emerging. This paper reviews the biological characteristics, molecular alterations, as well as surgical and pharmacological treatments of various LPS subtypes, with the aim of enhancing clinicians' understanding and emphasizing the importance of individualized precision therapy. With a deeper understanding of the biological characteristics and molecular alterations of LPS, future treatment trends are likely to focus more on developing personalized treatment plans to better address the various types of LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Peng Zhou
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, PR China
| | - Jian-Peng Xing
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, PR China
| | - Luan-Biao Sun
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, PR China
| | - Sheng-Qi Tian
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, PR China
| | - Ran Luo
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, PR China
| | - Wen-Hao Liu
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, PR China
| | - Xin-Yuan Song
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Shuo-Hui Gao
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, PR China.
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Škarková A, Bizzarri M, Janoštiak R, Mašek J, Rosel D, Brábek J. Educate, not kill: treating cancer without triggering its defenses. Trends Mol Med 2024; 30:673-685. [PMID: 38658206 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Traditionally, anticancer therapies focus on restraining uncontrolled proliferation. However, these cytotoxic therapies expose cancer cells to direct killing, instigating the process of natural selection favoring survival of resistant cells that become the foundation for tumor progression and therapy failure. Recognizing this phenomenon has prompted the development of alternative therapeutic strategies. Here we propose strategies targeting cancer hallmarks beyond proliferation, aiming at re-educating cancer cells towards a less malignant phenotype. These strategies include controlling cell dormancy, transdifferentiation therapy, normalizing the cancer microenvironment, and using migrastatic therapy. Adaptive resistance to these educative strategies does not confer a direct proliferative advantage to resistant cells, as non-resistant cells are not subject to eradication, thereby delaying or preventing the development of therapy-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Škarková
- Department of Cell Biology, BIOCEV, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Mariano Bizzarri
- System Biology Group Laboratory, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Radoslav Janoštiak
- First Faculty of Medicine, BIOCEV, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mašek
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Rosel
- Department of Cell Biology, BIOCEV, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Brábek
- Department of Cell Biology, BIOCEV, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic.
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3
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M S A, K C, Bhargavan RV, Somanathan T, Subhadradevi L. An overview on liposarcoma subtypes: Genetic alterations and recent advances in therapeutic strategies. J Mol Histol 2024; 55:227-240. [PMID: 38696048 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-024-10195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Liposarcoma (LPS) is a rare malignancy of adipocytic differentiation. According to World Health Organization classification, LPS comprises of four principle subtypes Atypical lipomatous tumor/Well-differentiated liposarcoma (ATL/WDLPS), Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS), Myxoid liposarcoma (MLPS), and Pleomorphic liposarcoma (PLPS). Each subtype can develop at any location and shows distinct clinical behavior and treatment sensitivity. ATL/ WDLPS subtype has a higher incidence rate, low recurrence, and is insensitive to radiation and chemotherapy. DDLPS is the focal progression of WDLPS, which is aggressive and highly metastasizing. MLPS is sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy, with a higher recurrence rate and metastasis. PLPS subtype is highly metastasizing, has a poor prognosis, and exhibiting higher recurrence rate. Initial histological analysis provides information for the characterization of LPS subtypes', further molecular and genetic analysis provides certain subtype specifications, such as gene amplifications and gene fusions. Such molecular genetic alterations will be useful as therapeutic targets in various cancers, including the LPS subtypes. A wide range of novel therapeutic agents based on genetic alterations that aim to target LPS subtypes specifically are under investigation. This review summarizes the LPS subtype classification, their molecular genetic characteristics, and the implications of genetic alterations in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju M S
- Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre (Research Centre, University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Chandramohan K
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre (Research Centre, University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Rexeena V Bhargavan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre (Research Centre, University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Thara Somanathan
- Division of Pathology, Regional Cancer Centre (Research Centre, University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Lakshmi Subhadradevi
- Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre (Research Centre, University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India.
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Wang X, Li N, Zheng M, Yu Y, Zhang S. Acetylation and deacetylation of histone in adipocyte differentiation and the potential significance in cancer. Transl Oncol 2024; 39:101815. [PMID: 37935080 PMCID: PMC10654249 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes are derived from pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells and can develop into several cell types including adipocytes, myocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes. Adipocyte differentiation is regulated by a variety of transcription factors and signaling pathways. Various epigenetic factors, particularly histone modifications, play key roles in adipocyte differentiation and have indispensable functions in altering chromatin conformation. Histone acetylases and deacetylases participate in the regulation of protein acetylation, mediate transcriptional and post-translational modifications, and directly acetylate or deacetylate various transcription factors and regulatory proteins. The adipocyte differentiation of stem cells plays a key role in various metabolic diseases. Cancer stem cells(CSCs) play an important function in cancer metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance, and have the characteristics of stem cells. They are expressed in various cell lineages, including adipocytes. Recent studies have shown that cancer stem cells that undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transformation can undergo adipocytic differentiation, thereby reducing the degree of malignancy. This opens up new possibilities for cancer treatment. This review summarizes the regulation of acetylation during adipocyte differentiation, involving the functions of histone acetylating and deacetylating enzymes as well as non-histone acetylation modifications. Mechanistic studies on adipogenesis and acetylation during the differentiation of cancer cells into a benign cell phenotype may help identify new targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Minying Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Yongjun Yu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, China.
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Prat M, Coulson K, Blot C, Jacquemin G, Romano M, Renoud ML, AlaEddine M, Le Naour A, Authier H, Rahabi MC, Benmoussa K, Salon M, Parny M, Delord JP, Ferron G, Lefèvre L, Couderc B, Coste A. PPARγ activation modulates the balance of peritoneal macrophage populations to suppress ovarian tumor growth and tumor-induced immunosuppression. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007031. [PMID: 37586764 PMCID: PMC10432661 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian adenocarcinoma (OVAD) frequently metastasizes to the peritoneal cavity and manifests by the formation of ascites, which constitutes a tumor-promoting microenvironment. In the peritoneal cavity, two developmentally, phenotypically and functionally distinct macrophage subsets, immunocompetent large peritoneal macrophages (LPM) and immunosuppressive small peritoneal macrophages (SPM), coexist. Because peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a critical factor participating in macrophage differentiation and cooperates with CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ), a transcription factor essential for SPM-to-LPM differentiation, PPARγ could be also involved in the regulation of SPM/LPM balance and could be a promising therapeutic target. METHODS To evaluate the 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), a PPARγ endogenous ligand, impact on ovarian tumor growth, we intraperitoneally injected 15(S)-HETE into a murine ovarian cancer model. This experimental model consists in the intraperitoneally injection of ID8 cells expressing luciferase into syngeneic C57BL/6 female mice. This ID8 orthotopic mouse model is a well-established experimental model of end-stage epithelial OVAD. Tumor progression was monitored using an in vivo imaging system. Peritoneal immune cells in ascites were analyzed by flow cytometry and cell sorting. To determine whether the impact of 15(S)-HETE in tumor development is mediated through the macrophages, these cells were depleted by injection of liposomal clodronate. To further dissect how 15(S)-HETE mediated its antitumor effect, we assessed the tumor burden in tumor-bearing mice in which the PPARγ gene was selectively disrupted in myeloid-derived cells and in mice deficient of the recombination-activating gene Rag2. Finally, to validate our data in humans, we isolated and treated macrophages from ascites of individuals with OVAD. RESULTS Here we show, in the murine experimental model of OVAD, that 15(S)-HETE treatment significantly suppresses the tumor growth, which is associated with the differentiation of SPM into LPM and the LPM residency in the peritoneal cavity. We demonstrate that C/EBPβ and GATA6 play a central role in SPM-to-LPM differentiation and in LPM peritoneal residence through PPARγ activation during OVAD. Moreover, this SPM-to-LPM switch is associated with the increase of the effector/regulatory T-cell ratio. Finally, we report that 15(S)-HETE attenuates immunosuppressive properties of human ovarian tumor-associated macrophages from ascites. CONCLUSION Altogether, these results promote PPARγ as a potential therapeutic target to restrain OVAD development and strengthen the use of PPARγ agonists in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Prat
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM-1301, CNRS-5070, EFS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Kimberley Coulson
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM-1301, CNRS-5070, EFS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Clément Blot
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM-1301, CNRS-5070, EFS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Godefroy Jacquemin
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM-1301, CNRS-5070, EFS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Mathilde Romano
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM-1301, CNRS-5070, EFS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Laure Renoud
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM-1301, CNRS-5070, EFS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Mohamad AlaEddine
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM-1301, CNRS-5070, EFS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Augustin Le Naour
- UMR1037 Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Authier
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM-1301, CNRS-5070, EFS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Mouna Chirine Rahabi
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM-1301, CNRS-5070, EFS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Khaddouj Benmoussa
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM-1301, CNRS-5070, EFS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Salon
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM-1301, CNRS-5070, EFS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Mélissa Parny
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM-1301, CNRS-5070, EFS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Gwenaël Ferron
- Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Lise Lefèvre
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM-1301, CNRS-5070, EFS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Bettina Couderc
- UMR1037 Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Toulouse, France
- Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Agnès Coste
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM-1301, CNRS-5070, EFS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
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Lipidomics and Transcriptomics Differ Liposarcoma Differentiation Characteristics That Can Be Altered by Pentose Phosphate Pathway Intervention. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121227. [PMID: 36557266 PMCID: PMC9783184 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposarcoma (LPS) is a rare and heterogeneous malignancy of adipocytic origin. Well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS) and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) are two of the most common subtypes, showing similar genetic characterizations but distinct biological behaviors and clinical prognosis. Compared to WDLPS, DDLPS is more aggressive and has the potential of metastasis, as the malignant adipocytic tumor's metabolic changes may have taken place during the tumorigenesis of LPSs. Therefore, to investigate the lipid alterations between the two subtypes, high-resolution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) based untargeted lipidomic analysis was performed onto LPS tissues from 6 WDLPS and 7 DDLPS patients. The lipidomic analysis showed the upregulated phosphatidylcholines and phosphoethanolamines in DDLPS, and the upregulated triglycerides and diglycerides in WDLPS, which might be due to the uncompleted adipocytic dedifferentiation leading to such tumorigenesis. Such a finding was also confirmed by the similarity comparison of two LPS subtypes to the transcriptome of stromal vascular fraction at different differentiation stages. Transcriptomic analysis also demonstrated that metabolic pathways including the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) were upregulated in WDLPS compared to DDLPS. Therefore, the cell line LPS853 was treated with the PPP inhibitor 6-aminonicotinamide ex vivo and the proliferation and invasion of LPS853 was significantly promoted by PPP inhibition, suggesting the potential role of PPP in the development and differentiation of LPS. In conclusion, this study described the altered lipid profiles of WDLPS and DDLPS for the first time, revealing the different differentiation stages of the two subtypes and providing a potential metabolic target for LPS treatment.
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Duro T, Gonzales KL. Adrenal Liposarcoma: A Novel Presentation of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1. AACE Clin Case Rep 2022; 9:10-12. [PMID: 36654999 PMCID: PMC9837086 DOI: 10.1016/j.aace.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome results from genetic sequence variations of the tumor suppressor MEN1 gene, which codes for the protein menin. Individuals with MEN1 are prone to developing multiple tumors involving the endocrine and nonendocrine organs. MEN1 associated with liposarcomas has not been documented previously. We highlight a case of MEN1 presenting with a metastatic adrenal liposarcoma. Case Report A 41-year-old Hispanic man with a history of nephrolithiasis and skin lesions presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain. He was found to have a right adrenal mass measuring 7.9 cm with extension into the liver and primary hyperparathyroidism. He had multiple paternal first-degree relatives with similar skin lesions, hypercalcemia, and tumors of the brain, thoracic cavity, abdomen, and thyroid. The mass was identified as a metastatic pleiomorphic adrenal liposarcoma on surgical pathology. Genetic testing revealed a germline pathogenic sequence variation of the MEN1 gene. Discussion Liposarcomas are rare malignant tumors with an annual incidence of 2.5 cases per 1 million. Although lipoma formation is a commonly described manifestation of MEN1, liposarcomas have not been associated with MEN1 previously. A potential mechanism of this association is through the role of menin in inducing adipocyte differentiation via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ activation, a highly expressed protein in liposarcomas. Conclusion Liposarcomas should be included in the differential of MEN1-related tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodor Duro
- Address correspondence to Dr Teodor Duro, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Department of Endocrinology, MSC10-5550, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131.
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Cassinelli G, Pasquali S, Lanzi C. Beyond targeting amplified MDM2 and CDK4 in well differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcomas: From promise and clinical applications towards identification of progression drivers. Front Oncol 2022; 12:965261. [PMID: 36119484 PMCID: PMC9479065 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.965261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Well differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcomas (WDLPS and DDLPS) are tumors of the adipose tissue poorly responsive to conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy which currently remains the standard-of-care. The dismal prognosis of the DDLPS subtype indicates an urgent need to identify new therapeutic targets to improve the patient outcome. The amplification of the two driver genes MDM2 and CDK4, shared by WDLPD and DDLPS, has provided the rationale to explore targeting the encoded ubiquitin-protein ligase and cell cycle regulating kinase as a therapeutic approach. Investigation of the genomic landscape of WD/DDLPS and preclinical studies have revealed additional potential targets such as receptor tyrosine kinases, the cell cycle kinase Aurora A, and the nuclear exporter XPO1. While the therapeutic significance of these targets is being investigated in clinical trials, insights into the molecular characteristics associated with dedifferentiation and progression from WDLPS to DDLPS highlighted additional genetic alterations including fusion transcripts generated by chromosomal rearrangements potentially providing new druggable targets (e.g. NTRK, MAP2K6). Recent years have witnessed the increasing use of patient-derived cell and tumor xenograft models which offer valuable tools to accelerate drug repurposing and combination studies. Implementation of integrated "multi-omics" investigations applied to models recapitulating WD/DDLPS genetics, histologic differentiation and biology, will hopefully lead to a better understanding of molecular alterations driving liposarcomagenesis and DDLPS progression, as well as to the identification of new therapies tailored on tumor histology and molecular profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Cassinelli
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandro Pasquali
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
- Sarcoma Service, Department of Surgery, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Lanzi
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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Bar-Hai N, Ishay-Ronen D. Engaging plasticity: Differentiation therapy in solid tumors. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:944773. [PMID: 36034865 PMCID: PMC9410762 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.944773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a systemic heterogeneous disease that can undergo several rounds of latency and activation. Tumor progression evolves by increasing diversity, adaptation to signals from the microenvironment and escape mechanisms from therapy. These dynamic processes indicate necessity for cell plasticity. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a major role in facilitating cell plasticity in solid tumors by inducing dedifferentiation and cell type transitions. These two practices, plasticity and dedifferentiation enhance tumor heterogeneity creating a key challenge in cancer treatment. In this review we will explore cancer cell plasticity and elaborate treatment modalities that aspire to overcome such dynamic processes in solid tumors. We will further discuss the therapeutic potential of utilizing enhanced cell plasticity for differentiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neta Bar-Hai
- Cancer Research Center, Oncology Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dana Ishay-Ronen
- Cancer Research Center, Oncology Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- *Correspondence: Dana Ishay-Ronen,
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10
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Wagner N, Wagner KD. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and the Hallmarks of Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152432. [PMID: 35954274 PMCID: PMC9368267 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) function as nuclear transcription factors upon the binding of physiological or pharmacological ligands and heterodimerization with retinoic X receptors. Physiological ligands include fatty acids and fatty-acid-derived compounds with low specificity for the different PPAR subtypes (alpha, beta/delta, and gamma). For each of the PPAR subtypes, specific pharmacological agonists and antagonists, as well as pan-agonists, are available. In agreement with their natural ligands, PPARs are mainly focused on as targets for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and its associated complications. Nevertheless, many publications are available that implicate PPARs in malignancies. In several instances, they are controversial for very similar models. Thus, to better predict the potential use of PPAR modulators for personalized medicine in therapies against malignancies, it seems necessary and timely to review the three PPARs in relation to the didactic concept of cancer hallmark capabilities. We previously described the functions of PPAR beta/delta with respect to the cancer hallmarks and reviewed the implications of all PPARs in angiogenesis. Thus, the current review updates our knowledge on PPAR beta and the hallmarks of cancer and extends the concept to PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Wagner
- Correspondence: (N.W.); (K.-D.W.); Tel.: +33-489-153-713 (K.-D.W.)
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11
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Heindel JJ, Howard S, Agay-Shay K, Arrebola JP, Audouze K, Babin PJ, Barouki R, Bansal A, Blanc E, Cave MC, Chatterjee S, Chevalier N, Choudhury M, Collier D, Connolly L, Coumoul X, Garruti G, Gilbertson M, Hoepner LA, Holloway AC, Howell G, Kassotis CD, Kay MK, Kim MJ, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Langouet S, Legrand A, Li Z, Le Mentec H, Lind L, Monica Lind P, Lustig RH, Martin-Chouly C, Munic Kos V, Podechard N, Roepke TA, Sargis RM, Starling A, Tomlinson CR, Touma C, Vondracek J, Vom Saal F, Blumberg B. Obesity II: Establishing causal links between chemical exposures and obesity. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:115015. [PMID: 35395240 PMCID: PMC9124454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease with both genetic and environmental components. The prevailing view is that obesity results from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure caused by overeating and insufficient exercise. We describe another environmental element that can alter the balance between energy intake and energy expenditure: obesogens. Obesogens are a subset of environmental chemicals that act as endocrine disruptors affecting metabolic endpoints. The obesogen hypothesis posits that exposure to endocrine disruptors and other chemicals can alter the development and function of the adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, and brain, thus changing the set point for control of metabolism. Obesogens can determine how much food is needed to maintain homeostasis and thereby increase the susceptibility to obesity. The most sensitive time for obesogen action is in utero and early childhood, in part via epigenetic programming that can be transmitted to future generations. This review explores the evidence supporting the obesogen hypothesis and highlights knowledge gaps that have prevented widespread acceptance as a contributor to the obesity pandemic. Critically, the obesogen hypothesis changes the narrative from curing obesity to preventing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold J Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, USA.
| | - Sarah Howard
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, USA
| | - Keren Agay-Shay
- Health and Environment Research (HER) Lab, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Israel
| | - Juan P Arrebola
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Karine Audouze
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, Paris France
| | - Patrick J Babin
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Pessac France
| | - Robert Barouki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Amita Bansal
- College of Health & Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Etienne Blanc
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Matthew C Cave
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40402, USA
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Nicolas Chevalier
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cote d'Azur, Cote d'Azur, France
| | - Mahua Choudhury
- College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - David Collier
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Lisa Connolly
- The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Gabriella Garruti
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Michael Gilbertson
- Occupational and Environmental Health Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland
| | - Lori A Hoepner
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Alison C Holloway
- McMaster University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamilton, Ontario, CA, USA
| | - George Howell
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Christopher D Kassotis
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mathew K Kay
- College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | | | - Sophie Langouet
- Univ Rennes, INSERM EHESP, IRSET UMR_5S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Antoine Legrand
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Zhuorui Li
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Helene Le Mentec
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Lars Lind
- Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P Monica Lind
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert H Lustig
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Vesna Munic Kos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Normand Podechard
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Troy A Roepke
- Department of Animal Science, School of Environmental and Biological Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Robert M Sargis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Il 60612, USA
| | - Anne Starling
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Craig R Tomlinson
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Charbel Touma
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Jan Vondracek
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frederick Vom Saal
- Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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12
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Huang CJ, Choo KB, Chen CF. The MicroRNA-Signaling-Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Connection in the Modulation of Adipogenesis: Bioinformatics Projection on Chicken. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101950. [PMID: 35689996 PMCID: PMC9192975 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
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13
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Lustig RH, Collier D, Kassotis C, Roepke TA, Ji Kim M, Blanc E, Barouki R, Bansal A, Cave MC, Chatterjee S, Choudhury M, Gilbertson M, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Howard S, Lind L, Tomlinson CR, Vondracek J, Heindel JJ. Obesity I: Overview and molecular and biochemical mechanisms. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:115012. [PMID: 35393120 PMCID: PMC9050949 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic, relapsing condition characterized by excess body fat. Its prevalence has increased globally since the 1970s, and the number of obese and overweight people is now greater than those underweight. Obesity is a multifactorial condition, and as such, many components contribute to its development and pathogenesis. This is the first of three companion reviews that consider obesity. This review focuses on the genetics, viruses, insulin resistance, inflammation, gut microbiome, and circadian rhythms that promote obesity, along with hormones, growth factors, and organs and tissues that control its development. It shows that the regulation of energy balance (intake vs. expenditure) relies on the interplay of a variety of hormones from adipose tissue, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, liver, and brain. It details how integrating central neurotransmitters and peripheral metabolic signals (e.g., leptin, insulin, ghrelin, peptide YY3-36) is essential for controlling energy homeostasis and feeding behavior. It describes the distinct types of adipocytes and how fat cell development is controlled by hormones and growth factors acting via a variety of receptors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, retinoid X, insulin, estrogen, androgen, glucocorticoid, thyroid hormone, liver X, constitutive androstane, pregnane X, farnesoid, and aryl hydrocarbon receptors. Finally, it demonstrates that obesity likely has origins in utero. Understanding these biochemical drivers of adiposity and metabolic dysfunction throughout the life cycle lends plausibility and credence to the "obesogen hypothesis" (i.e., the importance of environmental chemicals that disrupt these receptors to promote adiposity or alter metabolism), elucidated more fully in the two companion reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Lustig
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - David Collier
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| | - Christopher Kassotis
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Troy A Roepke
- School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Paris, INSERM U1224 (T3S), 75006 Paris, France
| | - Etienne Blanc
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Paris, INSERM U1224 (T3S), 75006 Paris, France
| | - Robert Barouki
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Paris, INSERM U1224 (T3S), 75006 Paris, France
| | - Amita Bansal
- College of Health & Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Matthew C Cave
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40402, United States
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Mahua Choudhury
- College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Michael Gilbertson
- Occupational and Environmental Health Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, Rennes, France
| | - Sarah Howard
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, United States
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Craig R Tomlinson
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, United States
| | - Jan Vondracek
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jerrold J Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, United States.
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14
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Dang TN, Tiongco RP, Brown LM, Taylor JL, Lyons JM, Lau FH, Floyd ZE. Expression of the preadipocyte marker ZFP423 is dysregulated between well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcoma. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:300. [PMID: 35313831 PMCID: PMC8939188 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09379-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcomas are rare soft tissue tumors originating in adipose tissue that share genetic abnormalities but have significantly different metastatic potential. Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is highly aggressive and has an overall 5-year survival rate of 30% as compared to 90% for well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS). This discrepancy may be connected to their potential to form adipocytes, where WDLPS is adipogenic but DDLPS is adipogenic-impaired. Normal adipogenesis requires Zinc Finger Protein 423 (ZFP423), a transcriptional coregulator of Perixosome Proliferator Activated Receptor gamma (PPARG2) mRNA expression that defines committed preadipocytes. Expression of ZFP423 in preadipocytes is promoted by Seven-In-Absentia Homolog 2 (SIAH2)-mediated degradation of Zinc Finger Protein 521 (ZFP521). This study investigated the potential role of ZFP423, SIAH2 and ZFP521 in the adipogenic potential of WDLPS and DDLPS. Methods Human WDLPS and DDLPS fresh and paraffin-embedded tissues were used to assess the gene and protein expression of proadipogenic regulators. In parallel, normal adipose tissue stromal cells along with WDLPS and DDLPS cell lines were cultured, genetically modified, and induced to undergo adipogenesis in vitro. Results Impaired adipogenic potential in DDLPS was associated with reduced ZFP423 protein levels in parallel with reduced PPARG2 expression, potentially involving regulation of ZFP521. SIAH2 protein levels did not define a clear distinction related to adipogenesis in these liposarcomas. However, in primary tumor specimens, SIAH2 mRNA was consistently upregulated in DDLPS compared to WDLPS when assayed by fluorescence in situ hybridization or real-time PCR. Conclusions These data provide novel insights into ZFP423 expression in adipogenic regulation between WDLPS and DDLPS adipocytic tumor development. The data also introduces SIAH2 mRNA levels as a possible molecular marker to distinguish between WDLPS and DDLPS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09379-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh N Dang
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70808, USA
| | - Rafael P Tiongco
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70118, USA
| | - Loren M Brown
- Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, USA
| | - Jessica L Taylor
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70808, USA
| | - John M Lyons
- Our Lady of the Lake Medical Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70808, USA
| | - Frank H Lau
- Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, USA.
| | - Z Elizabeth Floyd
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70808, USA.
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15
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Morosi L, Matteo C, Meroni M, Ceruti T, Fuso Nerini I, Bello E, Frapolli R, D'Incalci M, Zucchetti M, Davoli E. Quantitative measurement of pioglitazone in neoplastic and normal tissues by AP-MALDI mass spectrometry imaging. Talanta 2022; 237:122918. [PMID: 34736656 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pioglitazone is a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) agonist of the thiazolidinedione class of compounds with promising anticancer activity. An innovative quantitative mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) method and a HPLC-UV method were developed and validated to investigate its distribution in tumor and liver tissues. The MSI method is based on stable isotope normalization and resulted highly specific and sensitive (0.2 pmol/spot). The correct identification of the drug ion signal is confirmed by MS/MS analysis on tissue. The method shows an optimal lateral resolution (25 μm) relying on the ionization efficiency and fine laser diameter of the atmospheric pressure MALDI source. The HPLC-UV method is simple and straightforward involving quick protein precipitation and shows good sensitivity (50ng/sample) using a small starting volume of biological sample. Thus, it is applicable to samples obtained from both preclinical models and clinical surgical procedures. MSI and HPLC-UV assays were validated assessing linearity, intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy, limit of quantification, selectivity and recovery. These are the first methods developed and validated for the analysis of pioglitazone in tissues, and they were applied successfully to myxoid liposarcoma xenograft-bearing mice, which received clinically relevant drug doses. Pioglitazone was measured by either method in sections of tumor and liver 2, 6 and 24 h post-treatment. Drug distribution was relatively homogeneous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Morosi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Oncology, Via Mario Negri 2, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Matteo
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Oncology, Via Mario Negri 2, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Meroni
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Oncology, Via Mario Negri 2, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Ceruti
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Oncology, Via Mario Negri 2, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Fuso Nerini
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Oncology, Via Mario Negri 2, Milan, Italy
| | - Ezia Bello
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Oncology, Via Mario Negri 2, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Frapolli
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Oncology, Via Mario Negri 2, Milan, Italy.
| | - Maurizio D'Incalci
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Oncology, Via Mario Negri 2, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Zucchetti
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Oncology, Via Mario Negri 2, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Davoli
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Mass Spectrometry Research Center for Health and Environment and Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Via Mario Negri 2, Milan, Italy
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16
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Dixit G, Prabhu A. The pleiotropic peroxisome proliferator activated receptors: Regulation and therapeutics. Exp Mol Pathol 2021; 124:104723. [PMID: 34822814 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2021.104723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are key regulators of metabolic events in our body. Owing to their implication in maintenance of homeostasis, both PPAR agonists and antagonists assume therapeutic significance. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of each of the PPAR isotypes in the healthy body and during disease is crucial to exploiting their full therapeutic potential. This article is an attempt to present a rational analysis of the multifaceted therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of isotype-specific PPAR agonists, dual PPAR agonists, pan PPAR agonists as well as PPAR antagonists. A holistic understanding of the mechanistic dimensions of these key metabolic regulators will guide future efforts to identify novel molecules in the realm of metabolic, inflammatory and immunotherapeutic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Dixit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Arati Prabhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India.
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17
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Modulating cell differentiation in cancer models. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1803-1816. [PMID: 34436513 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has been traditionally viewed as a disease characterised by excessive and uncontrolled proliferation, leading to the development of cytotoxic therapies against highly proliferating malignant cells. However, tumours frequently relapse due to the presence of slow-cycling cancer stem cells eluding chemo and radiotherapy. Since these malignant stem cells are largely undifferentiated, inducing their lineage commitment has been proposed as a potential intervention strategy to deplete tumours from their most resistant components. Pro-differentiation approaches have thus far yielded clinical success in the reversion of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL), and new developments are fast widening their therapeutic applicability to solid carcinomas. Recent advances in cancer differentiation discussed here highlight the potential and outstanding challenges of differentiation-based approaches.
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18
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Augimeri G, Montalto FI, Giordano C, Barone I, Lanzino M, Catalano S, Andò S, De Amicis F, Bonofiglio D. Nutraceuticals in the Mediterranean Diet: Potential Avenues for Breast Cancer Treatment. Nutrients 2021; 13:2557. [PMID: 34444715 PMCID: PMC8400469 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional Mediterranean Diet constitutes a food model that refers to the dietary patterns of the population living in countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea in the early 1960s. A huge volume of literature data suggests that the Mediterranean-style diet provides several dietary compounds that have been reported to exert beneficial biological effects against a wide spectrum of chronic illnesses, such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and cancer including breast carcinoma. Among bioactive nutrients identified as protective factors for breast cancer, natural polyphenols, retinoids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antitumoral properties. The multiple anticancer mechanisms involved include the modulation of molecular events and signaling pathways associated with cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis, antioxidant enzymes and immune responses. This review summarizes the anticancer action of some polyphenols, like resveratrol and epigallocatechin 3-gallate, retinoids and omega-3 PUFAs by highlighting the important hallmarks of cancer in terms of (i) cell cycle growth arrest, (ii) apoptosis, (iii) inflammation and (iv) angiogenesis. The data collected from in vitro and in vivo studies strongly indicate that these natural compounds could be the prospective candidates for the future anticancer therapeutics in breast cancer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Augimeri
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (G.A.); (F.I.M.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (M.L.); (S.C.); (S.A.); (F.D.A.)
| | - Francesca Ida Montalto
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (G.A.); (F.I.M.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (M.L.); (S.C.); (S.A.); (F.D.A.)
| | - Cinzia Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (G.A.); (F.I.M.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (M.L.); (S.C.); (S.A.); (F.D.A.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Ines Barone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (G.A.); (F.I.M.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (M.L.); (S.C.); (S.A.); (F.D.A.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Marilena Lanzino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (G.A.); (F.I.M.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (M.L.); (S.C.); (S.A.); (F.D.A.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (G.A.); (F.I.M.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (M.L.); (S.C.); (S.A.); (F.D.A.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (G.A.); (F.I.M.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (M.L.); (S.C.); (S.A.); (F.D.A.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Francesca De Amicis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (G.A.); (F.I.M.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (M.L.); (S.C.); (S.A.); (F.D.A.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (G.A.); (F.I.M.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (M.L.); (S.C.); (S.A.); (F.D.A.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
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19
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Mal S, Dwivedi AR, Kumar V, Kumar N, Kumar B, Kumar V. Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ) in Different Disease States: Recent Updates. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3193-3215. [PMID: 32674727 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200716113136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), a ligand dependant transcription factor, is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. PPAR exists in three isoforms i.e. PPAR alpha (PPARα), PPAR beta (PPARβ), and PPAR gamma (PPARγ). These are multi-functional transcription factors and help in regulating inflammation, type 2 diabetes, lipid concentration in the body, metastasis, and tumor growth or angiogenesis. Activation of PPARγ causes inhibition of growth of cultured human breast, gastric, lung, prostate, and other cancer cells. PPARγ is mainly involved in fatty acid storage, glucose metabolism, and homeostasis and adipogenesis regulation. A large number of natural and synthetic ligands bind to PPARγ and modulate its activity. Ligands such as thiazolidinedione, troglitazone, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone effectively bind to PPARγ; however, most of these were found to display severe side effects such as hepatotoxicity, weight gain, cardiovascular complications and bladder tumor. Now the focus is shifted towards the development of dual-acting or pan PPAR ligands. The current review article describes the functions and role of PPARγ in various disease states. In addition, recently reported PPARγ ligands and pan PPAR ligands were discussed in detail. It is envisaged that the present review article may help in the development of potent PPAR ligands with no or minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvadeep Mal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Ashish Ranjan Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
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20
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Islam Z, Ali AM, Naik A, Eldaw M, Decock J, Kolatkar PR. Transcription Factors: The Fulcrum Between Cell Development and Carcinogenesis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:681377. [PMID: 34195082 PMCID: PMC8236851 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.681377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher eukaryotic development is a complex and tightly regulated process, whereby transcription factors (TFs) play a key role in controlling the gene regulatory networks. Dysregulation of these regulatory networks has also been associated with carcinogenesis. Transcription factors are key enablers of cancer stemness, which support the maintenance and function of cancer stem cells that are believed to act as seeds for cancer initiation, progression and metastasis, and treatment resistance. One key area of research is to understand how these factors interact and collaborate to define cellular fate during embryogenesis as well as during tumor development. This review focuses on understanding the role of TFs in cell development and cancer. The molecular mechanisms of cell fate decision are of key importance in efforts towards developing better protocols for directed differentiation of cells in research and medicine. We also discuss the dysregulation of TFs and their role in cancer progression and metastasis, exploring TF networks as direct or indirect targets for therapeutic intervention, as well as specific TFs' potential as biomarkers for predicting and monitoring treatment responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyaul Islam
- Diabetes Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ameena Mohamed Ali
- Diabetes Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Adviti Naik
- Translational Cancer and Immunity Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed Eldaw
- Diabetes Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Julie Decock
- Translational Cancer and Immunity Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Prasanna R. Kolatkar
- Diabetes Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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21
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Evseeva MN, Dyikanov DT, Karagyaur MN, Prikazchikova TA, Sheptulina AF, Balashova MS, Zatsepin TS, Rubtsov YP, Kulebyakin KY. Hematopoietically-expressed homeobox protein HHEX regulates adipogenesis in preadipocytes. Biochimie 2021; 185:68-77. [PMID: 33677034 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a key health problem and is associated with a high risk of type 2 diabetes and other metabolic diseases. Increased weight as well as dysregulation of adipocyte homeostasis are the main drivers of obesity. Pathological adipogenesis plays a central role in obesity-related complications such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension and others. Thus, an understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in physiological and pathogenic adipogenesis can help to develop new strategies to prevent or cure obesity and related diseases. Previously, genetic polymorphisms in the HHEX gene that encodes the homeobox transcription factor HEX (PRH) were found to be associated with type 2 diabetes and high body mass index at birth by GWAS in distinct human populations. To understand whether HHEX has a regulatory function in adipogenesis, we performed RNAi-mediated knockdown of Hhex in preadipocyte cell line 3T3-L1 in vitro, and studied changes in the efficacy of adipogenesis. We found that Hhex knockdown blocks adipogenesis in preadipocytes in a dose-dependent manner and leads to a significant decrease of PPAR-gamma protein - the main regulator of adipogenesis. We also propose that Hhex can play an important role in adipocyte differentiation by affecting the level of the PPAR-gamma protein. Our study supports the claim that Hhex plays an important role in adipocyte differentiation program and can contribute to fat tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria N Evseeva
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia.
| | | | | | - Tatyana A Prikazchikova
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna F Sheptulina
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov 1st State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria S Balashova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sechenov 1st State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Timofei S Zatsepin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury P Rubtsov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
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22
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Clanchy FIL. Rationale for Early Detection of EWSR1 Translocation-Associated Sarcoma Biomarkers in Liquid Biopsy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:824. [PMID: 33669307 PMCID: PMC7920076 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are mesenchymal tumours that often arise and develop as a result of chromosomal translocations, and for several forms of sarcoma the EWSR1 gene is a frequent translocation partner. Sarcomas are a rare form of malignancy, which arguably have a proportionally greater societal burden that their prevalence would suggest, as they are more common in young people, with survivors prone to lifelong disability. For most forms of sarcoma, histological diagnosis is confirmed by molecular techniques such as FISH or RT-PCR. Surveillance after surgical excision, or ablation by radiation or chemotherapy, has remained relatively unchanged for decades, but recent developments in molecular biology have accelerated the progress towards routine analysis of liquid biopsies of peripheral blood. The potential to detect evidence of residual disease or metastasis in the blood has been demonstrated by several groups but remains unrealized as a routine diagnostic for relapse during remission, for disease monitoring during treatment, and for the detection of occult, residual disease at the end of therapy. An update is provided on research relevant to the improvement of the early detection of relapse in sarcomas with EWSR1-associated translocations, in the contexts of biology, diagnosis, and liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix I. L. Clanchy
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK;
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
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23
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Rozenfeld PA, Crivaro AN, Ormazabal M, Mucci JM, Bondar C, Delpino MV. Unraveling the mystery of Gaucher bone density pathophysiology. Mol Genet Metab 2021; 132:76-85. [PMID: 32782168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is caused by pathogenic mutations in GBA1, the gene that encodes the lysosomal enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase. Despite the existence of a variety of specific treatments for GD, they cannot completely reverse bone complications. Many studies have evidenced the impairment in bone tissue of GD, and molecular mechanisms of bone density alterations in GD are being studied during the last years and different reports emphasized its efforts trying to unravel why and how bone tissue is affected. The cause of skeletal density affection in GD is a matter of debates between research groups. and there are two opposing hypotheses trying to explain reduced bone mineral density in GD: increased bone resorption versus impaired bone formation. In this review, we discuss the diverse mechanisms of bone alterations implicated in GD revealed until the present, along with a presentation of normal bone physiology and its regulation. With this information in mind, we discuss effectiveness of specific therapies, introduce possible adjunctive therapies and present a novel model for GD-associated bone density pathogenesis. Under the exposed evidence, we may conclude that both sides of the balance of remodeling process are altered. In GD the observed osteopenia/osteoporosis may be the result of contribution of both reduced bone formation and increased bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Rozenfeld
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N(o)1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina.
| | - A N Crivaro
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N(o)1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Ormazabal
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N(o)1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - J M Mucci
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N(o)1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - C Bondar
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N(o)1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - M V Delpino
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Av. Córdoba 2351, (C1120ABG), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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24
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Common targets for a deadly duo of diabetes mellitus and colon cancer: Catching two fish with one worm. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 893:173805. [PMID: 33359221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Colon cancer is a major health issue and number of cases are increasing every year. Diabetes mellitus is also a significant health issue that is growing day by day worldwide having negative influences on the survival of individuals. Research has shown a strong relationship between the two malignant diseases. The risk of colon cancer with patients who have type 2 diabetes mellitus has spiked by 30%. The scientific research suggests insulin has a major role in the spread of cancer and the condition unifying between the two diseases is hyperinsulinemia. Several anti-diabetic agents are used for the treatment of type 2 diabetesmellitus. However, their mechanism of action against cancer activity is a question and only a few agents have shown positive signs of action in colon cancer associated with type 2 diabetesmellitus. Hence, the identification of targets, which is common for both colon cancer, associated with type 2 diabetesmellitus has become an urgent requirement. Novel targets such as Liver X receptors, Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), Glucose Transporters (GLUTs), Peroxisome proliferator activator receptors (PPARs), Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors (DPP4i), Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitors (CDK4i), Estrogen receptors,Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), Insulin-like growth factor receptors (IGF) are some of the targets which are common for both, type 2 diabetesmellitus and colon cancer. This current review gives an overview of the targets (using one worm) which are common for both viz. diabetes mellitus and colon cancer (two fish).
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25
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Vadhan JD, Speth RC. The role of the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). Pharmacol Ther 2020; 218:107684. [PMID: 32956721 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in traumatic brain injury (TBI) induced by repeated concussions suffered by athletes in sports, military personnel from combat-and non-combat related activities, and civilian populations who suffer head injuries from accidents and domestic violence. Although the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is primarily a systemic cardiovascular regulatory system that, when dysregulated, causes hypertension and cardiovascular pathology, the brain contains a local RAS that plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative diseases. This local RAS includes receptors for angiotensin (Ang) II within the brain parenchyma, as well as on circumventricular organs outside the blood-brain-barrier. The brain RAS acts primarily via the type 1 Ang II receptor (AT1R), exacerbating insults and pathology. With TBI, the brain RAS may contribute to permanent brain damage, especially when a second TBI occurs before the brain recovers from an initial injury. Agents are needed that minimize the extent of injury from an acute TBI, reducing TBI-mediated permanent brain damage. This review discusses how activation of the brain RAS following TBI contributes to this damage, and how drugs that counteract activation of the AT1R including AT1R blockers (ARBs), renin inhibitors, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and agonists at type 2 Ang II receptors (AT2) and at Ang (1-7) receptors (Mas) can potentially ameliorate TBI-induced brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Vadhan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States of America
| | - Robert C Speth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States of America; School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America.
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26
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Kirtonia A, Gala K, Fernandes SG, Pandya G, Pandey AK, Sethi G, Khattar E, Garg M. Repurposing of drugs: An attractive pharmacological strategy for cancer therapeutics. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 68:258-278. [PMID: 32380233 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human malignancies are one of the major health-related issues though out the world and anticipated to rise in the future. The development of novel drugs/agents requires a huge amount of cost and time that represents a major challenge for drug discovery. In the last three decades, the number of FDA approved drugs has dropped down and this led to increasing interest in drug reposition or repurposing. The present review focuses on recent concepts and therapeutic opportunities for the utilization of antidiabetics, antibiotics, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antipsychotic, PDE inhibitors and estrogen receptor antagonist, Antabuse, antiparasitic and cardiovascular agents/drugs as an alternative approach against human malignancies. The repurposing of approved non-cancerous drugs is an effective strategy to develop new therapeutic options for the treatment of cancer patients at an affordable cost in clinics. In the current scenario, most of the countries throughout the globe are unable to meet the medical needs of cancer patients because of the high cost of the available cancerous drugs. Some of these drugs displayed potential anti-cancer activity in preclinic and clinical studies by regulating several key molecular mechanisms and oncogenic pathways in human malignancies. The emerging pieces of evidence indicate that repurposing of drugs is crucial to the faster and cheaper discovery of anti-cancerous drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Kirtonia
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India; Equal contribution
| | - Kavita Gala
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle West, Mumbai, 400056, India; Equal contribution
| | - Stina George Fernandes
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle West, Mumbai, 400056, India; Equal contribution
| | - Gouri Pandya
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India; Equal contribution
| | - Amit Kumar Pandey
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Manesar, Haryana, 122413, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Ekta Khattar
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle West, Mumbai, 400056, India.
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India.
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27
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Mrowka P, Glodkowska-Mrowka E. PPARγ Agonists in Combination Cancer Therapies. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2019; 20:197-215. [PMID: 31814555 DOI: 10.2174/1568009619666191209102015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor acting as a transcription factor involved in the regulation of energy metabolism, cell cycle, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. These unique properties constitute a strong therapeutic potential that place PPARγ agonists as one of the most interesting and widely studied anticancer molecules. Although PPARγ agonists exert significant, antiproliferative and tumoricidal activity in vitro, their anticancer efficacy in animal models is ambiguous, and their effectiveness in clinical trials in monotherapy is unsatisfactory. However, due to pleiotropic effects of PPARγ activation in normal and tumor cells, PPARγ ligands interact with many antitumor treatment modalities and synergistically potentiate their effectiveness. The most spectacular example is a combination of PPARγ ligands with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In this setting, PPARγ activation sensitizes leukemic stem cells, resistant to any previous form of treatment, to targeted therapy. Thus, this combination is believed to be the first pharmacological therapy able to cure CML patients. Within the last decade, a significant body of data confirming the benefits of the addition of PPARγ ligands to various antitumor therapies, including chemotherapy, hormonotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, has been published. Although the majority of these studies have been carried out in vitro or animal tumor models, a few successful attempts to introduce PPARγ ligands into anticancer therapy in humans have been recently made. In this review, we aim to summarize shines and shadows of targeting PPARγ in antitumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Mrowka
- Department of Biophysics and Human Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eliza Glodkowska-Mrowka
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
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28
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Bielczyk-Maczynska E. White Adipocyte Plasticity in Physiology and Disease. Cells 2019; 8:E1507. [PMID: 31775295 PMCID: PMC6953026 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular plasticity is a transformation of a terminally differentiated cell into another cell type, which has been long known to occur in disease and regeneration. However, white adipocytes (fat cells) have only recently been observed to undergo different types of cellular plasticity. Adipocyte transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts and cancer-associated fibroblasts occurs in fibrosis and cancer, respectively. On the other hand, reversible adipocyte dedifferentiation into adipocyte progenitor cells (preadipocytes) has been demonstrated in mammary gland and in dermal adipose tissue. Here we discuss the research on adipocyte plasticity, including the experimental approaches that allowed to detect and study it, the current state of the knowledge, major research questions which remain to be addressed, and the advances required to stimulate adipocyte plasticity research. In the future, the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of adipocyte plasticity can be utilized both to prevent adipocyte plasticity in disease and to stimulate it for use in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Bielczyk-Maczynska
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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29
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Cheng V, Dasgupta S, Reddam A, Volz DC. Ciglitazone-a human PPARγ agonist-disrupts dorsoventral patterning in zebrafish. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8054. [PMID: 31741801 PMCID: PMC6858815 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates lipid/glucose homeostasis and adipocyte differentiation. While the role of PPARγ in adipogenesis and diabetes has been extensively studied, little is known about PPARγ function during early embryonic development. Within zebrafish, maternally-loaded pparγ transcripts are present within the first 6 h post-fertilization (hpf), and de novo transcription of zygotic pparγ commences at ~48 hpf. Since maternal pparγ transcripts are elevated during a critical window of cell fate specification, the objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that PPARγ regulates gastrulation and dorsoventral patterning during zebrafish embryogenesis. To accomplish this objective, we relied on (1) ciglitazone as a potent PPARγ agonist and (2) a splice-blocking, pparγ-specific morpholino to knockdown pparγ. We found that initiation of ciglitazone-a potent human PPARγ agonist-exposure by 4 hpf resulted in concentration-dependent effects on dorsoventral patterning in the absence of epiboly defects during gastrulation, leading to ventralized embryos by 24 hpf. Interestingly, ciglitazone-induced ventralization was reversed by co-exposure with dorsomorphin, a bone morphogenetic protein signaling inhibitor that induces strong dorsalization within zebrafish embryos. Moreover, mRNA-sequencing revealed that lipid- and cholesterol-related processes were affected by exposure to ciglitazone. However, pparγ knockdown did not block ciglitazone-induced ventralization, suggesting that PPARγ is not required for dorsoventral patterning nor involved in ciglitazone-induced toxicity within zebrafish embryos. Our findings point to a novel, PPARγ-independent mechanism of action and phenotype following ciglitazone exposure during early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Cheng
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Subham Dasgupta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Aalekhya Reddam
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - David C Volz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
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Cheng HS, Tan WR, Low ZS, Marvalim C, Lee JYH, Tan NS. Exploration and Development of PPAR Modulators in Health and Disease: An Update of Clinical Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5055. [PMID: 31614690 PMCID: PMC6834327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that govern the expression of genes responsible for energy metabolism, cellular development, and differentiation. Their crucial biological roles dictate the significance of PPAR-targeting synthetic ligands in medical research and drug discovery. Clinical implications of PPAR agonists span across a wide range of health conditions, including metabolic diseases, chronic inflammatory diseases, infections, autoimmune diseases, neurological and psychiatric disorders, and malignancies. In this review we aim to consolidate existing clinical evidence of PPAR modulators, highlighting their clinical prospects and challenges. Findings from clinical trials revealed that different agonists of the same PPAR subtype could present different safety profiles and clinical outcomes in a disease-dependent manner. Pemafibrate, due to its high selectivity, is likely to replace other PPARα agonists for dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases. PPARγ agonist pioglitazone showed tremendous promises in many non-metabolic disorders like chronic kidney disease, depression, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases. The clinical niche of PPARβ/δ agonists is less well-explored. Interestingly, dual- or pan-PPAR agonists, namely chiglitazar, saroglitazar, elafibranor, and lanifibranor, are gaining momentum with their optimistic outcomes in many diseases including type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and primary biliary cholangitis. Notably, the preclinical and clinical development for PPAR antagonists remains unacceptably deficient. We anticipate the future design of better PPAR modulators with minimal off-target effects, high selectivity, superior bioavailability, and pharmacokinetics. This will open new possibilities for PPAR ligands in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sheng Cheng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
| | - Wei Ren Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore.
| | - Zun Siong Low
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore.
| | - Charlie Marvalim
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
| | - Justin Yin Hao Lee
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore.
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore.
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Frapolli R, Bello E, Ponzo M, Craparotta I, Mannarino L, Ballabio S, Marchini S, Carrassa L, Ubezio P, Porcu L, Brich S, Sanfilippo R, Casali PG, Gronchi A, Pilotti S, D'Incalci M. Combination of PPARγ Agonist Pioglitazone and Trabectedin Induce Adipocyte Differentiation to Overcome Trabectedin Resistance in Myxoid Liposarcomas. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:7565-7575. [PMID: 31481505 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was aimed at investigating whether the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone-given in combination with trabectedin-is able to reactivate adipocytic differentiation in myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) patient-derived xenografts, overcoming resistance to trabectedin. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The antitumor and biological effects of trabectedin, pioglitazone, and the combination of the two drugs were investigated in nude mice bearing well-characterized MLS xenografts representative of innate or acquired resistance against trabectedin. Pioglitazone and trabectedin were given by daily oral and weekly i.v. administrations, respectively. Molecular studies were performed by using microarrays approach, real-time PCR, and Western blotting. RESULTS We found that the resistance of MLS against trabectedin is associated with the lack of activation of adipogenesis. The PPARγ agonist pioglitazone reactivated adipogenesis, assessed by histologic and gene pathway analyses. Pioglitazone was well tolerated and did not increase the toxicity of trabectedin. The ability of pioglitazone to reactivate adipocytic differentiation was observed by morphologic examination, and it is consistent with the increased expression of genes such as ADIPOQ implicated in the adipogenesis process. The determination of adiponectin by Western blotting constitutes a good and reliable biomarker related to MLS adipocytic differentiation. CONCLUSIONS The finding that the combination of pioglitazone and trabectedin induces terminal adipocytic differentiation of some MLSs with the complete pathologic response and cure of tumor-bearing mice provides a strong rationale to test the combination of trabectedin and pioglitazone in patients with MLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Frapolli
- Unit of Preclinical Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ezia Bello
- Unit of Preclinical Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marianna Ponzo
- Unit of Preclinical Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Craparotta
- Unit of Translational Genomic, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Mannarino
- Unit of Translational Genomic, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Ballabio
- Unit of Translational Genomic, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Marchini
- Unit of Translational Genomic, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Carrassa
- Unit of DNA repair, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Ubezio
- Unit of Biophysics, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Porcu
- Unit of Methodological Research, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Brich
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Sanfilippo
- Medical Oncology Unit 2, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Giovanni Casali
- Medical Oncology Unit 2, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gronchi
- Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Pilotti
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio D'Incalci
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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Kim YJ, Yu DB, Kim M, Choi YL. Adipogenesis induces growth inhibition of dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:2676-2683. [PMID: 31069877 PMCID: PMC6676121 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Well‐differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS) and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) are the most common types of liposarcoma. Although WDLPS and DDLPS patients receive intensive treatment including radical surgery and systemic therapy, their overall 5‐year survival rates are 90% and 30%, respectively, indicating that DDLPS is clinically more aggressive. We examined whether adipogenic stimulation induces adipogenesis in human WDLPS/DDLPS cells by using dexamethasone, indomethacin, insulin, and 3‐isobutyl‐1‐methylxanthine (IBMX), all putative medications or drugs. Functional in vitro experiments showed that treatment with these four compounds induced adipogenic potency by transcriptional and translational upregulation of genes related to the maintenance of stemness and adipogenic differentiation. Using in vivo xenograft models, we found that the induction of stemness and adipogenesis inhibited the tumorigenic potency of DDLPS. This study suggests a potential application of drug repositioning in which adipogenesis‐inducing compounds could be used to treat DDLPS patients in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dan Bi Yu
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mingi Kim
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-La Choi
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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33
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Suarez-Kelly LP, Baldi GG, Gronchi A. Pharmacotherapy for liposarcoma: current state of the art and emerging systemic treatments. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019; 20:1503-1515. [PMID: 31136210 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2019.1618271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Liposarcomas are a heterogeneous group of soft tissue tumors that arise from adipose tissue and are one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas found in adults. Liposarcomas are subclassified into four subtypes with distinct histologic and biologic features that influence their treatment and management. Areas covered: This manuscript reviews the key clinicopathologic and cytogenic characteristics of the liposarcoma histologic subtypes and summarizes the results of recent clinical trials, treatment options, and future directions in the pharmacotherapy for the management of liposarcoma. Expert opinion: Despite significant advancements in the management of this disease, the treatment of liposarcoma continues to be a challenge. Surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment for localized disease; however, use of systemic therapies in conjunction with surgery may be considered in patients where tumor shrinkage could reduce surgical morbidity and in patients with high-risk of micrometastatic disease. Anthracycline-based chemotherapy regimens remain the standard first-line treatment for unresectable/metastatic liposarcoma. Trabectedin and eribulin are currently the two most promising and evidenced-based second-line treatment options for liposarcomas. However, multiple clinical trials dedicated to patients with liposarcoma evaluating novel targeted agents are ongoing. Every effort should be made to enroll patients with liposarcoma into histotype-specific clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena P Suarez-Kelly
- Complex General Surgical Oncology Fellow, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Giacomo G Baldi
- "Sandro Pitigliani" Medical Oncology Department, Hospital of Prato , Prato , Italy.,Adult mesenchymal and Rare Tumor Unit, Department of Cancer Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS-Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori , Milan , Italy
| | - Alessandro Gronchi
- Sarcoma Service of the Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS-Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori , Milan , Italy
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34
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Stem J, Flickinger JC, Merlino D, Caparosa EM, Snook AE, Waldman SA. Therapeutic targeting of gastrointestinal cancer stem cells. Regen Med 2019; 14:331-343. [PMID: 31025613 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2018-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers remain a tremendous burden on society. Despite advances in therapy options, including chemotherapy and radiation, cancer mortality from recurrences and metastases occur frequently. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) drive disease recurrence and metastasis, as these cells are uniquely equipped to self-renew and evade therapy. Therefore, cancer eradication requires treatment strategies that target CSCs in addition to differentiated cancer cells. This review highlights current literature on therapies targeting CSCs in gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Stem
- Departments of Surgery, Sidney, 1020 Locust St, JAH368, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - John C Flickinger
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney, 1020 Locust St, JAH368, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Dante Merlino
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney, 1020 Locust St, JAH368, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ellen M Caparosa
- Departments of Surgery, Sidney, 1020 Locust St, JAH368, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.,Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney, 1020 Locust St, JAH368, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Adam E Snook
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney, 1020 Locust St, JAH368, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Scott A Waldman
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney, 1020 Locust St, JAH368, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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35
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Sabatino L, Ziccardi P, Cerchia C, Muccillo L, Piemontese L, Loiodice F, Colantuoni V, Lupo A, Lavecchia A. Chiral phenoxyacetic acid analogues inhibit colon cancer cell proliferation acting as PPARγ partial agonists. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5434. [PMID: 30931956 PMCID: PMC6443668 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41765-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ (PPARγ) is an important sensor at the crossroad of diabetes, obesity, immunity and cancer as it regulates adipogenesis, metabolism, inflammation and proliferation. PPARγ exerts its pleiotropic functions upon binding of natural or synthetic ligands. The molecular mechanisms through which PPARγ controls cancer initiation/progression depend on the different mode of binding of distinctive ligands. Here, we analyzed a series of chiral phenoxyacetic acid analogues for their ability to inhibit colorectal cancer (CRC) cells growth by binding PPARγ as partial agonists as assessed in transactivation assays of a PPARG-reporter gene. We further investigated compounds (R,S)-3, (S)-3 and (R,S)-7 because they combine the best antiproliferative activity and a limited transactivation potential and found that they induce cell cycle arrest mainly via upregulation of p21waf1/cip1. Interestingly, they also counteract the β-catenin/TCF pathway by repressing c-Myc and cyclin D1, supporting their antiproliferative effect. Docking experiments provided insight into the binding mode of the most active compound (S)-3, suggesting that its partial agonism could be related to a better stabilization of H3 rather than H11 and H12. In conclusion, we identified a series of PPARγ partial agonists affecting distinct pathways all leading to strong antiproliferative effects. These findings may pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sabatino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, via Port'Arsa 11, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Pamela Ziccardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, via Port'Arsa 11, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Carmen Cerchia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, "Drug Discovery" Laboratory, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Livio Muccillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, via Port'Arsa 11, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Luca Piemontese
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Fulvio Loiodice
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Vittorio Colantuoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, via Port'Arsa 11, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Angelo Lupo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, via Port'Arsa 11, 82100, Benevento, Italy.
| | - Antonio Lavecchia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, "Drug Discovery" Laboratory, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy.
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36
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Kassotis CD, Stapleton HM. Endocrine-Mediated Mechanisms of Metabolic Disruption and New Approaches to Examine the Public Health Threat. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:39. [PMID: 30792693 PMCID: PMC6374316 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic disorders are of great societal concern and generate substantial human health care costs globally. Interventions have resulted in only minimal impacts on disrupting this worsening health trend, increasing attention on putative environmental contributors. Exposure to numerous environmental contaminants have, over decades, been demonstrated to result in increased metabolic dysfunction and/or weight gain in cell and animal models, and in some cases, even in humans. There are numerous mechanisms through which environmental contaminants may contribute to metabolic dysfunction, though certain mechanisms, such as activation of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma or the retinoid x receptor, have received considerably more attention than less-studied mechanisms such as antagonism of the thyroid receptor, androgen receptor, or mitochondrial toxicity. As such, research on putative metabolic disruptors is growing rapidly, as is our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. Concurrent with these advances, new research has evaluated current models of adipogenesis, and new models have been proposed. Only in the last several years have studies really begun to address complex mixtures of contaminants and how these mixtures may disrupt metabolic health in environmentally relevant exposure scenarios. Several studies have begun to assess environmental mixtures from various environments and study the mechanisms underlying their putative metabolic dysfunction; these studies hold real promise in highlighting crucial mechanisms driving observed organismal effects. In addition, high-throughput toxicity databases (ToxCast, etc.) may provide future benefits in prioritizing chemicals for in vivo testing, particularly once the causative molecular mechanisms promoting dysfunction are better understood and expert critiques are used to hone the databases. In this review, we will review the available literature linking metabolic disruption to endocrine-mediated molecular mechanisms, discuss the novel application of environmental mixtures and implications for in vivo metabolic health, and discuss the putative utility of applying high-throughput toxicity databases to answering complex organismal health outcome questions.
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37
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Ishay-Ronen D, Diepenbruck M, Kalathur RKR, Sugiyama N, Tiede S, Ivanek R, Bantug G, Morini MF, Wang J, Hess C, Christofori G. Gain Fat-Lose Metastasis: Converting Invasive Breast Cancer Cells into Adipocytes Inhibits Cancer Metastasis. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:17-32.e6. [PMID: 30645973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cell plasticity facilitates the development of therapy resistance and malignant progression. De-differentiation processes, such as an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), are known to enhance cellular plasticity. Here, we demonstrate that cancer cell plasticity can be exploited therapeutically by forcing the trans-differentiation of EMT-derived breast cancer cells into post-mitotic and functional adipocytes. Delineation of the molecular pathways underlying such trans-differentiation has motivated a combination therapy with MEK inhibitors and the anti-diabetic drug Rosiglitazone in various mouse models of murine and human breast cancer in vivo. This combination therapy provokes the conversion of invasive and disseminating cancer cells into post-mitotic adipocytes leading to the repression of primary tumor invasion and metastasis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Ishay-Ronen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Maren Diepenbruck
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Nami Sugiyama
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Tiede
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert Ivanek
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Glenn Bantug
- University Hospital Basel, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Francesco Morini
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Junrong Wang
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hess
- University Hospital Basel, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Christofori
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
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38
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Heudobler D, Rechenmacher M, Lüke F, Vogelhuber M, Klobuch S, Thomas S, Pukrop T, Hackl C, Herr W, Ghibelli L, Gerner C, Reichle A. Clinical Efficacy of a Novel Therapeutic Principle, Anakoinosis. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1357. [PMID: 30546308 PMCID: PMC6279883 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Classic tumor therapy, consisting of cytotoxic agents and/or targeted therapy, has not overcome therapeutic limitations like poor risk genetic parameters, genetic heterogeneity at different metastatic sites or the problem of undruggable targets. Here we summarize data and trials principally following a completely different treatment concept tackling systems biologic processes: the principle of communicative reprogramming of tumor tissues, i.e., anakoinosis (ancient greek for communication), aims at establishing novel communicative behavior of tumor tissue, the hosting organ and organism via re-modeling gene expression, thus recovering differentiation, and apoptosis competence leading to cancer control - in contrast to an immediate, "poisoning" with maximal tolerable doses of targeted or cytotoxic therapies. Therefore, we introduce the term "Master modulators" for drugs or drug combinations promoting evolutionary processes or regulating homeostatic pathways. These "master modulators" comprise a broad diversity of drugs, characterized by the capacity for reprogramming tumor tissues, i.e., transcriptional modulators, metronomic low-dose chemotherapy, epigenetically modifying agents, protein binding pro-anakoinotic drugs, such as COX-2 inhibitors, IMiDs etc., or for example differentiation inducing therapies. Data on 97 anakoinosis inducing schedules indicate a favorable toxicity profile: The combined administration of master modulators, frequently (with poor or no monoactivity) may even induce continuous complete remission in refractory metastatic neoplasia, irrespectively of the tumor type. That means recessive components of the tumor, successively developing during tumor ontogenesis, are accessible by regulatory active drug combinations in a therapeutically meaningful way. Drug selection is now dependent on situative systems characteristics, to less extent histology dependent. To sum up, anakoinosis represents a new substantive therapy principle besides novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Heudobler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Rechenmacher
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Lüke
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Vogelhuber
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Klobuch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simone Thomas
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Pukrop
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christina Hackl
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lina Ghibelli
- Department Biology, Universita' di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Faculty Chemistry, Institut for Analytical Chemistry, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Albrecht Reichle
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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39
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Ye M, Misra SK, De AK, Ostadhossein F, Singh K, Rund L, Schook L, Pan D. Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Globular Orphan Nuclear Receptor Regulator with Biological Activity in Soft Tissue Sarcoma. J Med Chem 2018; 61:10739-10752. [PMID: 30375864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Sarcomas are rare and heterogeneous cancer variants of mesenchymal origin. Their genetic heterogeneity coupled with uncertain histogenesis makes them difficult to treat and results in poor prognosis. In this work, we show that structure-based drug discovery involving computational modeling can be used to identify a new retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist ligand with a bis(indolyl)methane scaffold. This agent co-self-assembles with an amphiphilic diblock copolymer resulting in nanoparticles (Nano-RXR) with excellent kinetic stability, which were evaluated for efficacy and safety in transformed sarcoma cells, 63-3 Cre and 141-10 Cre of pig origin, and in rodent xenograft models. Responses at gene and protein levels established the treatment approach as a highly effective RXR agonist across cell, rodent, and "Oncopig" models. Interestingly, Nano-RXR was not only able to modulate metabolic and transporter genes related to orphan nuclear receptors but also played a major role in modulating programmed cell death in sarcomas developed in Oncopigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Ye
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Santosh K Misra
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Arun K De
- Department of Animal Sciences , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.,Agricultural Animal Care and Use Program , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Fatemeh Ostadhossein
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Laurie Rund
- Department of Animal Sciences , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.,Agricultural Animal Care and Use Program , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.,Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Lawrence Schook
- Department of Animal Sciences , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.,Agricultural Animal Care and Use Program , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.,Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.,Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.,Mills Breast Cancer Institute , Carle Foundation Hospital , 502 N. Busey , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.,Carle-Illinois College of Medicine , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
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40
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Heudobler D, Rechenmacher M, Lüke F, Vogelhuber M, Pukrop T, Herr W, Ghibelli L, Gerner C, Reichle A. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPAR)γ Agonists as Master Modulators of Tumor Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113540. [PMID: 30424016 PMCID: PMC6274845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In most clinical trials, thiazolidinediones do not show any relevant anti-cancer activity when used as mono-therapy. Clinical inefficacy contrasts ambiguous pre-clinical data either favoring anti-tumor activity or tumor promotion. However, if thiazolidinediones are combined with additional regulatory active drugs, so-called ‘master modulators’ of tumors, i.e., transcriptional modulators, metronomic low-dose chemotherapy, epigenetically modifying agents, protein binding pro-anakoinotic drugs, such as COX-2 inhibitors, IMiDs, etc., the results indicate clinically relevant communicative reprogramming of tumor tissues, i.e., anakoinosis, meaning ‘communication’ in ancient Greek. The concerted activity of master modulators may multifaceted diversify palliative care or even induce continuous complete remission in refractory metastatic tumor disease and hematologic neoplasia by establishing novel communicative behavior of tumor tissue, the hosting organ, and organism. Re-modulation of gene expression, for example, the up-regulation of tumor suppressor genes, may recover differentiation, apoptosis competence, and leads to cancer control—in contrast to an immediate, ‘poisoning’ with maximal tolerable doses of targeted/cytotoxic therapies. The key for uncovering the therapeutic potential of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonists is selecting the appropriate combination of master modulators for inducing anakoinosis: Now, anakoinosis is trend setting by establishing a novel therapeutic pillar while overcoming classic obstacles of targeted therapies, such as therapy resistance and (molecular-)genetic tumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Heudobler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Hematology and Oncology, 93042 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Michael Rechenmacher
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Hematology and Oncology, 93042 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Florian Lüke
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Hematology and Oncology, 93042 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Martin Vogelhuber
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Hematology and Oncology, 93042 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Tobias Pukrop
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Hematology and Oncology, 93042 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Hematology and Oncology, 93042 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Lina Ghibelli
- Department Biology, Universita' di Roma Tor Vergata, 00173 Rome, Italy.
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Institut for Analytical Chemistry, Faculty Chemistry, University Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria.
| | - Albrecht Reichle
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Hematology and Oncology, 93042 Regensburg, Germany.
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41
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Abaricia S, Hirbe AC. Diagnosis and Treatment of Myxoid Liposarcomas: Histology Matters. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2018; 19:64. [DOI: 10.1007/s11864-018-0590-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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42
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The E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM25 regulates adipocyte differentiation via proteasome-mediated degradation of PPARγ. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-11. [PMID: 30323259 PMCID: PMC6189217 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0162-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that regulates adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. The transcriptional activity of PPARγ is regulated not only by ligands but also by post-translational modifications (PTMs). In this study, we demonstrate that a novel E3 ligase of PPARγ, tripartite motif-containing 25 (TRIM25), directly induced the ubiquitination of PPARγ, leading to its proteasome-dependent degradation. During adipocyte differentiation, both TRIM25 mRNA and protein expression significantly decreased and negatively correlated with the expression of PPARγ. The stable expression of TRIM25 reduced PPARγ protein levels and suppressed adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. In contrast, the specific knockdown of TRIM25 increased PPARγ protein levels and stimulated adipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, TRIM25-knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) exhibited an increased adipocyte differentiation capability compared with wild-type MEFs. Taken together, these data indicate that TRIM25 is a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase of PPARγ and that TRIM25 is a novel target for PPARγ-associated metabolic diseases.
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43
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Sanchez DJ, Steger DJ, Skuli N, Bansal A, Simon MC. PPARγ is dispensable for clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression. Mol Metab 2018; 14:139-149. [PMID: 29866440 PMCID: PMC6034040 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a subtype of kidney cancer defined by robust lipid accumulation, which prior studies have indicated plays an important role in tumor progression. We hypothesized that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), detected in both ccRCC tumors and cell lines, promotes lipid storage in ccRCC and contributes to tumorigenesis in this setting. PPARγ transcriptionally regulates a number of genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism in adipocytes, yet its role in ccRCC has not been described. The objective of this study was to elucidate endogenous PPARγ function in ccRCC cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-seq), we found that PPARγ and its heterodimer RXR occupy the canonical DR1 PPAR binding motif at approximately 1000 locations throughout the genome that can be subdivided into adipose-shared and ccRCC-specific sites. CRISPR-Cas9 mediated, loss-of-function studies determined that PPARγ is dispensable for viability, proliferation, and migration of ccRCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Also, surprisingly, PPARγ deletion had little effect on the robust lipid accumulation that typifies the "clear cell" phenotype of kidney cancer. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that PPARγ plays neither a tumor suppressive nor oncogenic role in advanced ccRCC, and thus single-agent therapeutics targeting PPARγ are unlikely to be effective for the treatment of this disease. The unique cistrome of PPARγ in ccRCC cells demonstrates the importance of cell type in determining the functions of PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle J Sanchez
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, USA
| | | | - Nicolas Skuli
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, USA
| | - Ankita Bansal
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, USA
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, USA.
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44
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Ong AL, Ramasamy TS. Role of Sirtuin1-p53 regulatory axis in aging, cancer and cellular reprogramming. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 43:64-80. [PMID: 29476819 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory role of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), one of the most extensively studied members of its kind in histone deacetylase family in governing multiple cellular fates, is predominantly linked to p53 activity. SIRT1 deacetylates p53 in a NAD+-dependent manner to inhibit transcription activity of p53, in turn modulate pathways that are implicated in regulation of tissue homoeostasis and many disease states. In this review, we discuss the role of SIRT1-p53 pathway and its regulatory axis in the cellular events which are implicated in cellular aging, cancer and reprogramming. It is noteworthy that these cellular events share few common regulatory pathways, including SIRT1-p53-LDHA-Myc, miR-34a,-Let7 regulatory network, which forms a positive feedback loop that controls cell cycle, metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, epigenetics and many others. In the context of aging, SIRT1 expression is reduced as a protective mechanism against oncogenesis and for maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Interestingly, its activation in aged cells is evidenced in response to DNA damage to protect the cells from p53-dependent apoptosis or senescence, predispose these cells to neoplastic transformation. Importantly, the dual roles of SIRT1-p53 axis in aging and tumourigenesis, either as tumour suppressor or tumour promoter are determined by SIRT1 localisation and type of cells. Conceptualising the distinct similarity between tumorigenesis and cellular reprogramming, this review provides a perspective discussion on involvement of SIRT1 in improving efficiency in the induction and maintenance of pluripotent state. Further research in understanding the role of SIRT1-p53 pathway and their associated regulators and strategies to manipulate this regulatory axis very likely foster the development of therapeutics and strategies for treating cancer and aging-associated degenerative diseases.
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45
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y. Crosstalk Between Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma and the Canonical WNT/β-Catenin Pathway in Chronic Inflammation and Oxidative Stress During Carcinogenesis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:745. [PMID: 29706964 PMCID: PMC5908886 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are common and co-substantial pathological processes accompanying, promoting, and even initiating numerous cancers. The canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) generally work in opposition. If one of them is upregulated, the other one is downregulated and vice versa. WNT/β-catenin signaling is upregulated in inflammatory processes and oxidative stress and in many cancers, although there are some exceptions for cancers. The opposite is observed with PPARγ, which is generally downregulated during inflammation and oxidative stress and in many cancers. This helps to explain in part the opposite and unidirectional profile of the canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling and PPARγ in these three frequent and morbid processes that potentiate each other and create a vicious circle. Many intracellular pathways commonly involved downstream will help maintain and amplify inflammation, oxidative stress, and cancer. Thus, many WNT/β-catenin target genes such as c-Myc, cyclin D1, and HIF-1α are involved in the development of cancers. Nuclear factor-kappaB (NFκB) can activate many inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, TGF-β, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, MMP, vascular endothelial growth factor, COX2, Bcl2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. These factors are often associated with cancerous processes and may even promote them. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated by cellular alterations, stimulate the production of inflammatory factors such as NFκB, signal transducer and activator transcription, activator protein-1, and HIF-α. NFκB inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and therefore activates the canonical WNT pathway. ROS activates the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling in many cancers. PI3K/Akt also inhibits GSK-3β. Many gene mutations of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway giving rise to cancers have been reported (CTNNB1, AXIN, APC). Conversely, a significant reduction in the expression of PPARγ has been observed in many cancers. Moreover, PPARγ agonists promote cell cycle arrest, cell differentiation, and apoptosis and reduce inflammation, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, cell proliferation, invasion, and cell migration. All these complex and opposing interactions between the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ appear to be fairly common in inflammation, oxidative stress, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien (GHEF), Meaux, France
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Abstract
Liposarcomas are rare malignant tumors of adipocytic differentiation. The classification of liposarcomas into four principal subtypes reflects the distinct clinical behavior, treatment sensitivity, and underlying biology encompassed by these diseases. Increasingly, clinical management decisions and the development of investigational therapeutics are informed by an improved understanding of subtype-specific molecular pathology. Well-differentiated liposarcoma is the most common subtype and is associated with indolent behavior, local recurrence, and insensitivity to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Dedifferentiated liposarcoma represents focal progression of well-differentiated disease into a more aggressive, metastasizing, and fatal malignancy. Both of these subtypes are characterized by recurrent amplifications within chromosome 12, resulting in the overexpression of disease-driving genes that have been the focus of therapeutic targeting. Myxoid liposarcoma is characterized by a pathognomonic chromosomal translocation that results in an oncogenic fusion protein, whereas pleomorphic liposarcoma is a karyotypically complex and especially poor-prognosis subtype that accounts for less than 10% of liposarcoma diagnoses. A range of novel pharmaceutical agents that aim to target liposarcoma-specific biology are under active investigation and offer hope of adding to the limited available treatment options for recurrent or inoperable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Thomas John Lee
- Alex Thomas John Lee, Khin Thway, and Robin Lewis Jones, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust; Alex Thomas John Lee, Paul H. Huang, and Robin Lewis Jones, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Khin Thway
- Alex Thomas John Lee, Khin Thway, and Robin Lewis Jones, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust; Alex Thomas John Lee, Paul H. Huang, and Robin Lewis Jones, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Paul H Huang
- Alex Thomas John Lee, Khin Thway, and Robin Lewis Jones, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust; Alex Thomas John Lee, Paul H. Huang, and Robin Lewis Jones, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Robin Lewis Jones
- Alex Thomas John Lee, Khin Thway, and Robin Lewis Jones, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust; Alex Thomas John Lee, Paul H. Huang, and Robin Lewis Jones, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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47
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Fallahian F, Ardestani A, Pranckevicius E, Raut CP, Tavakkoli A, Sheu EG. The impact of lipomatous tumors on type 2 diabetes: are adipose-derived tumors metabolically active? J Surg Res 2017; 222:48-54. [PMID: 29273375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolic and immunologic properties of adipose tissue are linked to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lipomatous tumors, such as liposarcomas, are rare but can reach significant size. We hypothesized that some lipomatous tumors are metabolically active and can alter systemic glucose homeostasis. METHODS We performed a retrospective study of patients who underwent resection of a lipomatous tumor at a tertiary cancer referral center (2004-2015). We divided patients into nondiabetics, well-controlled diabetics (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] < 7), and poorly controlled diabetics (HbA1c ≥ 7). We compared patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and measures of glycemic control among these groups before and after tumor resection. RESULTS We reviewed 217 operations for lipomatous tumors. No differences were observed in tumor characteristics in patients with and without diabetes. However, tumor characteristics differed significantly between the well-controlled and poorly controlled diabetics groups. Patients with poorly controlled diabetes had larger tumors that were more likely to be malignant, retroperitoneal, and well-differentiated. Tumor resection had no detectable impact on diabetes, as assessed by HbA1c, and requirement for diabetic medications. CONCLUSIONS Poorly controlled diabetes was linked to the presence of large, malignant, and retroperitoneal lipomatous tumors. However, in limited follow-up, no detectable impact of tumor resection was apparent on glycemic control. These data suggest that most lipomatous tumors do not exert a clinically relevant impact on glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedra Fallahian
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Ali Ardestani
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elisha Pranckevicius
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chandrajit P Raut
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ali Tavakkoli
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric G Sheu
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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48
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Shoucri BM, Martinez ES, Abreo TJ, Hung VT, Moosova Z, Shioda T, Blumberg B. Retinoid X Receptor Activation Alters the Chromatin Landscape To Commit Mesenchymal Stem Cells to the Adipose Lineage. Endocrinology 2017; 158:3109-3125. [PMID: 28977589 PMCID: PMC5659689 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Developmental exposure to environmental factors has been linked to obesity risk later in life. Nuclear receptors are molecular sensors that play critical roles during development and, as such, are prime candidates to explain the developmental programming of disease risk by environmental chemicals. We have previously characterized the obesogen tributyltin (TBT), which activates the nuclear receptors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) to increase adiposity in mice exposed in utero. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from these mice are biased toward the adipose lineage at the expense of the osteoblast lineage, and MSCs exposed to TBT in vitro are shunted toward the adipose fate in a PPARγ-dependent fashion. To address where in the adipogenic cascade TBT acts, we developed an in vitro commitment assay that permitted us to distinguish early commitment to the adipose lineage from subsequent differentiation. TBT and RXR activators (rexinoids) had potent effects in committing MSCs to the adipose lineage, whereas the strong PPARγ activator rosiglitazone was inactive. We show that activation of RXR is sufficient for adipogenic commitment and that rexinoids act through RXR to alter the transcriptome in a manner favoring adipogenic commitment. RXR activation alters expression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and modifies genome-wide histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) in promoting adipose commitment and programming subsequent differentiation. These data offer insights into the roles of RXR and EZH2 in MSC lineage specification and shed light on how endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as TBT can reprogram stem cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassem M. Shoucri
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2300
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Eric S. Martinez
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2300
| | - Timothy J. Abreo
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2300
| | - Victor T. Hung
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2300
| | - Zdena Moosova
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2300
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Toshi Shioda
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2300
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
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49
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Pleniceanu O, Shukrun R, Omer D, Vax E, Kanter I, Dziedzic K, Pode-Shakked N, Mark-Daniei M, Pri-Chen S, Gnatek Y, Alfandary H, Varda-Bloom N, Bar-Lev DD, Bollag N, Shtainfeld R, Armon L, Urbach A, Kalisky T, Nagler A, Harari-Steinberg O, Arbiser JL, Dekel B. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is central to the initiation and propagation of human angiomyolipoma, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target. EMBO Mol Med 2017; 9:508-530. [PMID: 28275008 PMCID: PMC5376758 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201506111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiomyolipoma (AML), the most common benign renal tumor, can result in severe morbidity from hemorrhage and renal failure. While mTORC1 activation is involved in its growth, mTORC1 inhibitors fail to eradicate AML, highlighting the need for new therapies. Moreover, the identity of the AML cell of origin is obscure. AML research, however, is hampered by the lack of in vivo models. Here, we establish a human AML‐xenograft (Xn) model in mice, recapitulating AML at the histological and molecular levels. Microarray analysis demonstrated tumor growth in vivo to involve robust PPARG‐pathway activation. Similarly, immunostaining revealed strong PPARG expression in human AML specimens. Accordingly, we demonstrate that while PPARG agonism accelerates AML growth, PPARG antagonism is inhibitory, strongly suppressing AML proliferation and tumor‐initiating capacity, via a TGFB‐mediated inhibition of PDGFB and CTGF. Finally, we show striking similarity between AML cell lines and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in terms of antigen and gene expression and differentiation potential. Altogether, we establish the first in vivo human AML model, which provides evidence that AML may originate in a PPARG‐activated renal MSC lineage that is skewed toward adipocytes and smooth muscle and away from osteoblasts, and uncover PPARG as a regulator of AML growth, which could serve as an attractive therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Pleniceanu
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Hematology and Cord Blood Bank, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Racheli Shukrun
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dorit Omer
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Einav Vax
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Itamar Kanter
- Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Klaudyna Dziedzic
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Naomi Pode-Shakked
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Mark-Daniei
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Sara Pri-Chen
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yehudit Gnatek
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hadas Alfandary
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Institute of Nephrology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Nira Varda-Bloom
- Division of Hematology and Cord Blood Bank, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Dekel D Bar-Lev
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Naomi Bollag
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Rachel Shtainfeld
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Leah Armon
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Achia Urbach
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tomer Kalisky
- Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Arnon Nagler
- Division of Hematology and Cord Blood Bank, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Orit Harari-Steinberg
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Jack L Arbiser
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta Veterans Administration Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benjamin Dekel
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel .,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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50
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Phan ANH, Vo VTA, Hua TNM, Kim MK, Jo SY, Choi JW, Kim HW, Son J, Suh YA, Jeong Y. PPARγ sumoylation-mediated lipid accumulation in lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:82491-82505. [PMID: 29137280 PMCID: PMC5669906 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming as a crucial emerging hallmark of cancer is critical for tumor cells to maintain cellular bioenergetics, biosynthesis and reduction/oxidation (REDOX) balance. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a nuclear hormone receptor regulating transcription of diverse gene sets involved in inflammation, metabolism, and suppressing tumor growth. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), as selective PPARγ ligands, are insulin-sensitizing drugs widely prescribed for type 2 diabetic patients in the clinic. Here, we report that sumoylation of PPARγ couples lipid metabolism to tumor suppressive function of the receptor in lung cancer. We found that ligand activation of PPARγ dramatically induced de novo lipid synthesis as well as fatty acid beta (β)-oxidation in lung cancer both in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, it turns out that PPARγ regulation of lipid metabolism was dependent on sumoylation of PPARγ. Further biochemical analysis revealed that PPARγ-mediated lipid synthesis depletes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), consequently resulting in increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) level that subsequently disrupted REDOX balance in lung cancer. Therefore, liganded PPARγ sumoylation is not only critical for cellular lipid metabolism but also induces oxidative stress that contributes to tumor suppressive function of PPARγ. This study provides an important insight of future translational and clinical research into targeting PPARγ regulation of lipid metabolism in lung cancer patients accompanying type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai N H Phan
- Department of Biochemistry, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Global Medical Science, Institute of Lifestyle Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Vu T A Vo
- Department of Biochemistry, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Global Medical Science, Institute of Lifestyle Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuyen N M Hua
- Department of Biochemistry, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Global Medical Science, Institute of Lifestyle Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Global Medical Science, Institute of Lifestyle Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Young Jo
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Songpa-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Whan Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekyoung Son
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Songpa-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ah Suh
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Songpa-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangsik Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Global Medical Science, Institute of Lifestyle Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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