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Kochetova GV, Avercheva OV, Bassarskaya EM, Zhigalova TV. Light quality as a driver of photosynthetic apparatus development. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:779-803. [PMID: 36124269 PMCID: PMC9481803 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-00985-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Light provides energy for photosynthesis and also acts as an important environmental signal. During their evolution, plants acquired sophisticated sensory systems for light perception and light-dependent regulation of their growth and development in accordance with the local light environment. Under natural conditions, plants adapted by using their light sensors to finely distinguish direct sunlight and dark in the soil, deep grey shade under the upper soil layer or litter, green shade under the canopy and even lateral green reflectance from neighbours. Light perception also allows plants to evaluate in detail the weather, time of day, day length and thus the season. However, in artificial lighting conditions, plants are confronted with fundamentally different lighting conditions. The advent of new light sources - light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which emit narrow-band light - allows growing plants with light of different spectral bands or their combinations. This sets the task of finding out how light of different quality affects the development and functioning of plants, and in particular, their photosynthetic apparatus (PSA), which is one of the basic processes determining plant yield. In this review, we briefly describe how plants perceive environment light signals by their five families of photoreceptors and by the PSA as a particular light sensor, and how they use this information to form their PSA under artificial narrow-band LED-based lighting of different spectral composition. We consider light regulation of the biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic complexes and chloroplast ATP synthase function, PSA photoprotection mechanisms, carbon assimilation reactions and stomatal development and function.
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2
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Philippou K, Davis AM, Davis SJ, Sánchez-Villarreal A. Chemical Perturbation of Chloroplast-Related Processes Affects Circadian Rhythms of Gene Expression in Arabidopsis: Salicylic Acid Application Can Entrain the Clock. Front Physiol 2020; 11:429. [PMID: 32625102 PMCID: PMC7314985 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant circadian system reciprocally interacts with metabolic processes. To investigate entrainment features in metabolic–circadian interactions, we used a chemical approach to perturb metabolism and monitored the pace of nuclear-driven circadian oscillations. We found that chemicals that alter chloroplast-related functions modified the circadian rhythms. Both vitamin C and paraquat altered the circadian period in a light-quality-dependent manner, whereas rifampicin lengthened the circadian period under darkness. Salicylic acid (SA) increased oscillatory robustness and shortened the period. The latter was attenuated by sucrose addition and was also gated, taking place during the first 3 h of the subjective day. Furthermore, the effect of SA on period length was dependent on light quality and genotype. Period lengthening or shortening by these chemicals was correlated to their inferred impact on photosynthetic electron transport activity and the redox state of plastoquinone (PQ). Based on these data and on previous publications on circadian effects that alter the redox state of PQ, we propose that the photosynthetic electron transport and the redox state of PQ participate in circadian periodicity. Moreover, coupling between chloroplast-derived signals and nuclear oscillations, as observed in our chemical and genetic assays, produces traits that are predicted by previous models. SA signaling or a related process forms a rhythmic input loop to drive robust nuclear oscillations in the context predicted by the zeitnehmer model, which was previously developed for Neurospora. We further discuss the possibility that electron transport chains (ETCs) are part of this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koumis Philippou
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Amanda M Davis
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Seth J Davis
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom.,Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Alfredo Sánchez-Villarreal
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
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3
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Feitosa-Araujo E, de Souza Chaves I, Florian A, da Fonseca-Pereira P, Condori Apfata JA, Heyneke E, Medeiros DB, Pires MV, Mettler-Altmann T, Neuhaus HE, Palmieri F, Ara�jo WL, Obata T, Weber APM, Linka N, Fernie AR, Nunes-Nesi A. Downregulation of a Mitochondrial NAD+ Transporter (NDT2) Alters Seed Production and Germination in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:897-908. [PMID: 32065636 PMCID: PMC7217668 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fundamental importance of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) for metabolism, the physiological roles of NAD+ carriers in plants remain unclear. We previously characterized the Arabidopsis thaliana gene (At1g25380), named AtNDT2, encoding a protein located in the mitochondrial inner membrane, which imports NAD+ from the cytosol using ADP and AMP as counter-exchange substrates for NAD+. Here, we further investigated the physiological roles of NDT2, by isolating a T-DNA insertion line, generating an antisense line and characterizing these genotypes in detail. Reduced NDT2 expression affected reproductive phase by reducing total seed yield. In addition, reduced seed germination and retardation in seedling establishment were observed in the mutant lines. Moreover, remarkable changes in primary metabolism were observed in dry and germinated seeds and an increase in fatty acid levels was verified during seedling establishment. Furthermore, flowers and seedlings of NDT2 mutants displayed upregulation of de novo and salvage pathway genes encoding NAD+ biosynthesis enzymes, demonstrating the transcriptional control mediated by NDT2 activity over these genes. Taken together, our results suggest that NDT2 expression is fundamental for maintaining NAD+ balance amongst organelles that modulate metabolism, physiology and developmental processes of heterotrophic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Feitosa-Araujo
- Max Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Izabel de Souza Chaves
- Max Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Florian
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am M�hlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Paula da Fonseca-Pereira
- Max Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jorge Alberto Condori Apfata
- Max Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elmien Heyneke
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am M�hlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - David Barbosa Medeiros
- Max Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am M�hlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Marcel Viana Pires
- Max Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tabea Mettler-Altmann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University D�sseldorf, D�sseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Ferdinando Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - Wagner L Ara�jo
- Max Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Toshihiro Obata
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am M�hlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University D�sseldorf, D�sseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Nicole Linka
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University D�sseldorf, D�sseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am M�hlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
- Corresponding authors: Alisdair R. Fernie, E-mail, ; Adriano Nunes-Nesi, E-mail,
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Max Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Corresponding authors: Alisdair R. Fernie, E-mail, ; Adriano Nunes-Nesi, E-mail,
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4
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Chardon F, Cueff G, Delannoy E, Aubé F, Lornac A, Bedu M, Gilard F, Pateyron S, Rogniaux H, Gargaros A, Mireau H, Rajjou L, Martin-Magniette ML, Budar F. The Consequences of a Disruption in Cyto-Nuclear Coadaptation on the Molecular Response to a Nitrate Starvation in Arabidopsis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E573. [PMID: 32369924 PMCID: PMC7285260 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are important actors in the plant nutritional efficiency. So, it could be expected that a disruption of the coadaptation between nuclear and organellar genomes impact plant response to nutrient stresses. We addressed this issue using two Arabidopsis accessions, namely Ct1 and Jea, and their reciprocal cytolines possessing the nuclear genome from one parent and the organellar genomes of the other one. We measured gene expression, and quantified proteins and metabolites under N starvation and non-limiting conditions. We observed a typical response to N starvation at the phenotype and molecular levels. The phenotypical response to N starvation was similar in the cytolines compared to the parents. However, we observed an effect of the disruption of genomic coadaptation at the molecular levels, distinct from the previously described responses to organellar stresses. Strikingly, genes differentially expressed in cytolines compared to parents were mainly repressed in the cytolines. These genes encoded more mitochondrial and nuclear proteins than randomly expected, while N starvation responsive ones were enriched in genes for chloroplast and nuclear proteins. In cytolines, the non-coadapted cytonuclear genomic combination tends to modulate the response to N starvation observed in the parental lines on various biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Chardon
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; (G.C.); (F.A.); (A.L.); (M.B.); (H.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Gwendal Cueff
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; (G.C.); (F.A.); (A.L.); (M.B.); (H.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Etienne Delannoy
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, 91405 Orsay, France; (E.D.); (F.G.); (S.P.); (M.-L.M.-M.)
- CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université de Paris, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Fabien Aubé
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; (G.C.); (F.A.); (A.L.); (M.B.); (H.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Aurélia Lornac
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; (G.C.); (F.A.); (A.L.); (M.B.); (H.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Magali Bedu
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; (G.C.); (F.A.); (A.L.); (M.B.); (H.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Françoise Gilard
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, 91405 Orsay, France; (E.D.); (F.G.); (S.P.); (M.-L.M.-M.)
- CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université de Paris, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Stéphanie Pateyron
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, 91405 Orsay, France; (E.D.); (F.G.); (S.P.); (M.-L.M.-M.)
- CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université de Paris, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Hélène Rogniaux
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France; (H.R.); (A.G.)
- INRAE, BIBS Facility, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - Audrey Gargaros
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France; (H.R.); (A.G.)
- INRAE, BIBS Facility, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - Hakim Mireau
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; (G.C.); (F.A.); (A.L.); (M.B.); (H.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Loïc Rajjou
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; (G.C.); (F.A.); (A.L.); (M.B.); (H.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Marie-Laure Martin-Magniette
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, 91405 Orsay, France; (E.D.); (F.G.); (S.P.); (M.-L.M.-M.)
- CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université de Paris, 91405 Orsay, France
- UMR MIA-Paris, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Françoise Budar
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; (G.C.); (F.A.); (A.L.); (M.B.); (H.M.); (L.R.)
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5
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Czarnocka W, Karpiński S. Friend or foe? Reactive oxygen species production, scavenging and signaling in plant response to environmental stresses. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 122:4-20. [PMID: 29331649 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In the natural environment, plants are exposed to a variety of biotic and abiotic stress conditions that trigger rapid changes in the production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The production and scavenging of ROS is compartmentalized, which means that, depending on stimuli type, they can be generated and eliminated in different cellular compartments such as the apoplast, plasma membrane, chloroplasts, mitochondria, peroxisomes, and endoplasmic reticulum. Although the accumulation of ROS is generally harmful to cells, ROS play an important role in signaling pathways that regulate acclimatory and defense responses in plants, such as systemic acquired acclimation (SAA) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). However, high accumulations of ROS can also trigger redox homeostasis disturbance which can lead to cell death, and in consequence, to a limitation in biomass and yield production. Different ROS have various half-lifetimes and degrees of reactivity toward molecular components such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Thus, they play different roles in intra- and extra-cellular signaling. Despite their possible damaging effect, ROS should mainly be considered as signaling molecules that regulate local and systemic acclimatory and defense responses. Over the past two decades it has been proven that ROS together with non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), hormones, Ca2+ waves, and electrical signals are the main players in SAA and SAR, two physiological processes essential for plant survival and productivity in unfavorable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Czarnocka
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; The Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute (IHAR) - National Research Institute, Radzików, 05-870 Błonie, Poland.
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6
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Chen ZC, Peng WT, Li J, Liao H. Functional dissection and transport mechanism of magnesium in plants. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 74:142-152. [PMID: 28822768 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is the second most abundant cation in plants, and, as such, is involved in numerous physiological and biochemical processes, including photosynthesis, enzyme activation, and synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins. Due to its relatively small ionic radius and large hydrated radius, Mg binds weakly to soil and root surfaces, and thereby is easily leached from soil. Mg deficiency not only affects crop productivity and quality, but also contributes to numerous chronic human diseases. Therefore, Mg nutrition in plants is an important issue in nutrition and food security. To acquire and maintain high concentrations of Mg, plants have evolved highly-efficient systems for Mg uptake, storage and translocation. Advances in the understanding of fundamental principles of Mg nutrition and physiology are required in order to improve Mg nutrient management, Mg stress diagnosis, and genetic marker assisted breeding efforts. The aims of this review are to highlight physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying Mg biological functions and to summarize recent developments in the elucidation of Mg transport systems in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chang Chen
- Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Wen Ting Peng
- Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jian Li
- Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China
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7
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Nozue H, Oono K, Ichikawa Y, Tanimura S, Shirai K, Sonoike K, Nozue M, Hayashida N. Significance of structural variation in thylakoid membranes in maintaining functional photosystems during reproductive growth. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 160:111-123. [PMID: 27859364 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Structural variation in the stroma-grana (SG) arrangement of the thylakoid membranes, such as changes in the thickness of the grana stacks and in the ratio between grana and inter-grana thylakoid, is often observed. Broadly, such alterations are considered acclimation to changes in growth and the environment. However, the relation of thylakoid morphology to plant growth and photosynthesis remains obscure. Here, we report changes in the thylakoid during leaf development under a fixed light condition. Histological studies on the chloroplasts of fresh green Arabidopsis leaves have shown that characteristically shaped thylakoid membranes lacking the inter-grana region, referred to hereafter as isolated-grana (IG), occurred adjacent to highly ordered, large grana layers. This morphology was restored to conventional SG thylakoid membranes with the removal of bolting stems from reproductive plants. Statistical analysis showed a negative correlation between the incidences of IG-type chloroplasts in mesophyll cells and the rates of leaf growth. Fluorescence parameters calculated from pulse-amplitude modulated fluorometry measurements and CO2 assimilation data showed that the IG thylakoids had a photosynthetic ability that was equivalent to that of the SG thylakoids under moderate light. However, clear differences were observed in the chlorophyll a/b ratio. The IG thylakoids were apparently an acclimated phenotype to the internal condition of source leaves. The idea is supported by the fact that the life span of the IG thylakoids increased significantly in the later developing leaves. In conclusion, the heterogeneous state of thylakoid membranes is likely important in maintaining photosynthesis during the reproductive phase of growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatsumi Nozue
- Research Center for Advanced Plant Factory (SU-PLAF), Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Kaori Oono
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | | | - Shun Tanimura
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Kana Shirai
- Research Center for Advanced Plant Factory (SU-PLAF), Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Kintake Sonoike
- Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nozue
- Research Center for Advanced Plant Factory (SU-PLAF), Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Hayashida
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
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8
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Shaikhali J, Wingsle G. Redox-regulated transcription in plants: Emerging concepts. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2017.3.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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9
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Farhat N, Smaoui A, Maurousset L, Porcheron B, Lemoine R, Abdelly C, Rabhi M. Sulla carnosa modulates root invertase activity in response to the inhibition of long-distance sucrose transport under magnesium deficiency. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2016; 18:1031-1037. [PMID: 27488230 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Being the principal product of photosynthesis, sucrose is involved in many metabolic processes in plants. As magnesium (Mg) is phloem mobile, an inverse relationship between Mg shortage and sugar accumulation in leaves is often observed. Mg deficiency effects on carbohydrate contents and invertase activities were determined in Sulla carnosa Desf. Plants were grown hydroponically at different Mg concentrations (0.00, 0.01, 0.05 and 1.50 mM Mg) for one month. Mineral analysis showed that Mg contents were drastically diminished in shoots and roots mainly at 0.01 and 0.00 mM Mg. This decline was adversely associated with a significant increase of sucrose, fructose and mainly glucose in shoots of plants exposed to severe deficiency. By contrast, sugar contents were severely reduced in roots of these plants indicating an alteration of carbohydrate partitioning between shoots and roots of Mg-deficient plants. Cell wall invertase activity was highly enhanced in roots of Mg-deficient plants, while the vacuolar invertase activity was reduced at 0.00 mM Mg. This decrease of vacuolar invertase activity may indicate the sensibility of roots to Mg starvation resulting from sucrose transport inhibition. 14 CO2 labeling experiments were in accordance with these findings showing an inhibition of sucrose transport from source leaves to sink tissues (roots) under Mg depletion. The obtained results confirm previous findings about Mg involvement in photosynthate loading into phloem and add new insights into mechanisms evolved by S. carnosa to cope with Mg shortage in particular the increase of the activity of cell wall invertase.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Farhat
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Biotechnology Centre of Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.
| | - A Smaoui
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Biotechnology Centre of Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - L Maurousset
- UMR7267 - EBI - Equipe SEVE, CNRS/Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - B Porcheron
- UMR7267 - EBI - Equipe SEVE, CNRS/Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - R Lemoine
- UMR7267 - EBI - Equipe SEVE, CNRS/Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - C Abdelly
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Biotechnology Centre of Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - M Rabhi
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Biotechnology Centre of Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
- University of Hafr Al Batin, College of Science and Arts in Nairiyah, Nairiyah, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Kmiecik P, Leonardelli M, Teige M. Novel connections in plant organellar signalling link different stress responses and signalling pathways. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:3793-807. [PMID: 27053718 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To coordinate growth, development and responses to environmental stimuli, plant cells need to communicate the metabolic state between different sub-compartments of the cell. This requires signalling pathways, including protein kinases, secondary messengers such as Ca(2+) ions or reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as metabolites and plant hormones. The signalling networks involved have been intensively studied over recent decades and have been elaborated more or less in detail. However, it has become evident that these signalling networks are also tightly interconnected and often merge at common targets such as a distinct group of transcription factors, most prominently ABI4, which are amenable to regulation by phosphorylation, potentially also in a Ca(2+)- or ROS-dependent fashion. Moreover, the signalling pathways connect several organelles or subcellular compartments, not only in functional but also in physical terms, linking for example chloroplasts to the nucleus or peroxisomes to chloroplasts thereby enabling physical routes for signalling by metabolite exchange or even protein translocation. Here we briefly discuss these novel findings and try to connect them in order to point out the remaining questions and emerging developments in plant organellar signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Kmiecik
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuela Leonardelli
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Teige
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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11
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Belgio E, Ungerer P, Ruban AV. Light-harvesting superstructures of green plant chloroplasts lacking photosystems. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:2035-47. [PMID: 25737144 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The light-harvesting antenna of higher plant photosystem II (LHCII) is the major photosynthetic membrane component encoded by an entire family of homologous nuclear genes. On the contrary, the great majority of proteins of photosystems and electron transport components are encoded by the chloroplast genome. In this work, we succeeded in gradually inhibiting the expression of the chloroplast genes that led to the disappearance of the photosystem complexes, mimicking almost total photoinhibition. The treated plants, despite displaying only some early signs of senescence, sustained their metabolism and growth for several weeks. The only major remaining membrane component was LHCII antenna that formed superstructures - stacks of dozens of thylakoids or supergrana. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy revealed specific organization, directly displaying frequently bifurcated membranes with reduced or totally absent photosystem II (PSII) reaction centre complexes. Our findings show that it is possible to accumulate large amounts of light-harvesting membranes, organized into three-dimensional structures, in the absence of reaction centre complexes. This points to the reciprocal role of LHCII and PSII in self-assembly of the three-dimensional matrix of the photosynthetic membrane, dictating its size and flexible adaptation to the light environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Belgio
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Petra Ungerer
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Alexander V Ruban
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
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12
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Zargar SM, Agrawal GK, Rakwal R, Fukao Y. Quantitative proteomics reveals role of sugar in decreasing photosynthetic activity due to Fe deficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:592. [PMID: 26284105 PMCID: PMC4522737 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sajad M. Zargar
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology, Division of Biotechnology, S K University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of KashmirSrinagar, India
| | - Ganesh K. Agrawal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and BiochemistryKathmandu, Nepal
- GRADE Academy Private LimitedBirgunj, Nepal
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and BiochemistryKathmandu, Nepal
- GRADE Academy Private LimitedBirgunj, Nepal
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences and Tsukuba International Academy for Sport Studies, University of TsukubaTsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Fukao
- Department of Bioinformatics, Ritsumeikan UniversityShiga, Japan
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13
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Abdollahi H, Ghahremani Z, Erfaninia K, Mehrabi R. Role of electron transport chain of chloroplasts in oxidative burst of interaction between Erwinia amylovora and host cells. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 124:231-242. [PMID: 25820489 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Erwinia amylovora is a necrogenic bacterium, causing the fire blight disease on many rosaceous plants. Triggering oxidative burst by E. amylovora is a key response by which host plants try to restrain pathogen spread. Electron transport chain (ETC) of chloroplasts is known as an inducible source of reactive oxygen species generation in various stresses. This research was performed to assess the role of this ETC in E. amylovora-host interaction using several inhibitors of this chain in susceptible and resistant apple and pear genotypes. All ETC inhibitors delayed appearance of disease necrosis, but the effects of methyl viologen, glutaraldehyde, and DCMU were more significant. In the absence of inhibitors, resistant genotypes showed an earlier and severe H2O2 generation and early suppression of redox dependent, psbA gene. The effects of inhibitors were corresponding to the redox potential of ETC inhibitory sites. In addition, delayed necrosis appearance was associated with the decreased disease severity and delayed H2O2 generation. These results provide evidences for the involvement of this ETC in host oxidative burst and suggest that chloroplast ETC has significant role in E. amylovora-host interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Abdollahi
- Horticulture Research Department, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran,
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14
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Farhat N, Ivanov AG, Krol M, Rabhi M, Smaoui A, Abdelly C, Hüner NPA. Preferential damaging effects of limited magnesium bioavailability on photosystem I in Sulla carnosa plants. PLANTA 2015; 241:1189-206. [PMID: 25637102 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2248-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium deficiency preferentially inhibits photosystem I rather than photosystem II in Sulla carnosa plants. The effects of magnesium (Mg(2+)) deficiency on growth, photosynthetic performance, pigment and polypeptide composition of chloroplast membranes were studied in the halophyte Sulla carnosa (Desf.), an annual legume endemic to Tunisia and Algeria. The results demonstrate a gradual decrease in biomass production with decreasing Mg(2+) availability in the growth medium. The increase of Mg(2+) deficiency was also associated with a decline of the net CO2 assimilation (Pn) in fully expanded leaves, a decrease in the amount of photosynthetic pigments, and an increase in the lipid peroxidation in plants exposed to decreased Mg(2+) concentrations. Interestingly, while CO2 assimilation already was affected at Mg(2+) concentrations below 1.5 mM, the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) declined only in the absence of Mg(2+). In contrast, plants of S. carnosa grown in Mg(2+)-deficient conditions exhibited a significant decrease in photosystem I (PSI) photochemistry in vivo at much higher Mg(2+) levels compared to PSII photochemical activity. The inhibitory effect of Mg(2+) deficiency on PSI photochemistry strongly correlated with significantly lower relative abundance of PSI-related chlorophyll-protein complexes and lower amounts of PSI-associated polypeptides, PsaA, PsaB, and Lhca proteins within the same range of Mg(2+) concentrations. These observations were associated with a higher intersystem electron pool size, restricted linear electron transport and a lower rate of reduction of P700(+) in the dark indicating restricted capacity for PSI cyclic electron transfer in plants exposed to Mg(2+)-deficient conditions compared to controls. These results clearly indicate that PSI, rather than PSII is preferentially targeted and damaged under Mg(2+)-deficiency conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nèjia Farhat
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Biotechnology Centre of Borj-Cedria, P. O. Box 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
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15
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Tanaka H, Maruta T, Tamoi M, Yabuta Y, Yoshimura K, Ishikawa T, Shigeoka S. Transcriptional control of vitamin C defective 2 and tocopherol cyclase genes by light and plastid-derived signals: the partial involvement of GENOMES UNCOUPLED 1. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 231:20-9. [PMID: 25575988 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous findings have suggested that light and plastid-derived signals are involved in the regulation of biosynthetic pathways for l-ascorbic acid (AsA) and tocopherols (Toc). Photosynthetic electron transport (PET) activity, plastid gene expression (PGE), and the tetrapyrrole metabolism have been identified as signals that regulate nuclear gene expression through the GENOMES UNCOUPLED 1 (GUN1) protein. Here, we examined the effects of disrupting GUN1 on these pathways. The expression of vitamin C defective 2 (VTC2) and tocopherol cyclase (TC) genes, which encode key enzymes in the AsA and Toc biosynthetic pathways, respectively, was affected by illumination and darkness in parallel with the levels of both these antioxidants. However, the GUN1 disruption had no effect on these biosynthetic pathways under light-dark conditions. All treatments that inhibited PET, PGE, and the tetrapyrrole metabolism interrupted both biosynthetic pathways; however, this was partially mitigated by the GUN1 disruption. The expression patterns of VTC2 and TC reflected the levels of both antioxidants under most of the conditions examined. Our results suggest that the transcriptional control of VTC2 and TC by light and plastid-derived signals is important for the regulation of the biosynthetic pathways, and that GUN1 is at least partially involved in the plastid-derived signals-dependent regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Takanori Maruta
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tamoi
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Yukinori Yabuta
- School of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8550, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yoshimura
- Department of Food and Nutritional Science, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Shigeru Shigeoka
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan.
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Gläßer C, Haberer G, Finkemeier I, Pfannschmidt T, Kleine T, Leister D, Dietz KJ, Häusler RE, Grimm B, Mayer KFX. Meta-analysis of retrograde signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana reveals a core module of genes embedded in complex cellular signaling networks. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:1167-90. [PMID: 24719466 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssu042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plastid-to-nucleus signaling is essential for the coordination and adjustment of cellular metabolism in response to environmental and developmental cues of plant cells. A variety of operational retrograde signaling pathways have been described that are thought to be triggered by reactive oxygen species, photosynthesis redox imbalance, tetrapyrrole intermediates, and other metabolic traits. Here we report a meta-analysis based on transcriptome and protein interaction data. Comparing the output of these pathways reveals the commonalities and peculiarities stimulated by six different sources impinging on operational retrograde signaling. Our study provides novel insights into the interplay of these pathways, supporting the existence of an as-yet unknown core response module of genes being regulated under all conditions tested. Our analysis further highlights affiliated regulatory cis-elements and classifies abscisic acid and auxin-based signaling as secondary components involved in the response cascades following a plastidial signal. Our study provides a global analysis of structure and interfaces of different pathways involved in plastid-to-nucleus signaling and a new view on this complex cellular communication network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Gläßer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (IBIS), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Georg Haberer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (IBIS), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Iris Finkemeier
- Biozentrum der LMU München, Department of Biologie I-Botanik, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfannschmidt
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Allgemeine Botanik und Pflanzenphysiologie, Dornburger Str. 159, D-07743 Jena, Germany Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale (LPCV), CEA/CNRS/UJF iRTSV, CEA Grenoble 17, rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Tatjana Kleine
- Biozentrum der LMU München, Department of Biologie I-Botanik, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Biozentrum der LMU München, Department of Biologie I-Botanik, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Rainer Erich Häusler
- University of Cologne, Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, Zülpicher Str. 47B, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernhard Grimm
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Biologie, AG Pflanzenphysiologie, Philippstrasse 13, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Franz Xaver Mayer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (IBIS), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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17
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Schuurmans RM, Schuurmans JM, Bekker M, Kromkamp JC, Matthijs HC, Hellingwerf KJ. The redox potential of the plastoquinone pool of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis species strain PCC 6803 is under strict homeostatic control. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 165:463-75. [PMID: 24696521 PMCID: PMC4012603 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.237313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A method is presented for rapid extraction of the total plastoquinone (PQ) pool from Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 cells that preserves the in vivo plastoquinol (PQH2) to -PQ ratio. Cells were rapidly transferred into ice-cold organic solvent for instantaneous extraction of the cellular PQ plus PQH2 content. After high-performance liquid chromatography fractionation of the organic phase extract, the PQH2 content was quantitatively determined via its fluorescence emission at 330 nm. The in-cell PQH2-PQ ratio then followed from comparison of the PQH2 signal in samples as collected and in an identical sample after complete reduction with sodium borohydride. Prior to PQH2 extraction, cells from steady-state chemostat cultures were exposed to a wide range of physiological conditions, including high/low availability of inorganic carbon, and various actinic illumination conditions. Well-characterized electron-transfer inhibitors were used to generate a reduced or an oxidized PQ pool for reference. The in vivo redox state of the PQ pool was correlated with the results of pulse-amplitude modulation-based chlorophyll a fluorescence emission measurements, oxygen exchange rates, and 77 K fluorescence emission spectra. Our results show that the redox state of the PQ pool of Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 is subject to strict homeostatic control (i.e. regulated between narrow limits), in contrast to the more dynamic chlorophyll a fluorescence signal.
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18
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A multiple-level study of metal tolerance in Salix fragilis and Salix aurita clones. J Proteomics 2014; 101:113-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Gregorio J, Hernández-Bernal AF, Cordoba E, León P. Characterization of evolutionarily conserved motifs involved in activity and regulation of the ABA-INSENSITIVE (ABI) 4 transcription factor. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:422-36. [PMID: 24046063 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sst132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the transcription factor ABI4 has emerged as an important node of integration for external and internal signals such as nutrient status and hormone signaling that modulates critical transitions during the growth and development of plants. For this reason, understanding the mechanism of action and regulation of this protein represents an important step towards the elucidation of crosstalk mechanisms in plants. However, this understanding has been hindered due to the negligible levels of this protein as a result of multiple posttranscriptional regulations. To better understand the function and regulation of the ABI4 protein in this work, we performed a functional analysis of several evolutionarily conserved motifs. Based on these conserved motifs, we identified ortholog genes of ABI4 in different plant species. The functionality of the putative ortholog from Theobroma cacao was demonstrated in transient expression assays and in complementation studies in plants. The function of the highly conserved motifs was analyzed after their deletion or mutagenesis in the Arabidopsis ABI4 sequence using mesophyll protoplasts. This approach permitted us to immunologically detect the ABI4 protein and identify some of the mechanisms involved in its regulation. We identified sequences required for the nuclear localization (AP2-associated motif) as well as those for transcriptional activation function (LRP motif). Moreover, this approach showed that the protein stability of this transcription factor is controlled through protein degradation and subcellular localization and involves the AP2-associated and the PEST motifs. We demonstrated that the degradation of ABI4 protein through the PEST motif is mediated by the 26S proteasome in response to changes in the sugar levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefat Gregorio
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad # 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, C.p. 62210, Mexico
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20
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Ji H, Gheysen G, Denil S, Lindsey K, Topping JF, Nahar K, Haegeman A, De Vos WH, Trooskens G, Van Criekinge W, De Meyer T, Kyndt T. Transcriptional analysis through RNA sequencing of giant cells induced by Meloidogyne graminicola in rice roots. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:3885-98. [PMID: 23881398 PMCID: PMC3745741 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
One of the reasons for the progressive yield decline observed in aerobic rice production is the rapid build-up of populations of the rice root knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola. These nematodes induce specialized feeding cells inside root tissue, called giant cells. By injecting effectors in and sipping metabolites out of these cells, they reprogramme normal cell development and deprive the plant of its nutrients. In this research we have studied the transcriptome of giant cells in rice, after isolation of these cells by laser-capture microdissection. The expression profiles revealed a general induction of primary metabolism inside the giant cells. Although the roots were shielded from light induction, we detected a remarkable induction of genes involved in chloroplast biogenesis and tetrapyrrole synthesis. The presence of chloroplast-like structures inside these dark-grown cells was confirmed by confocal microscopy. On the other hand, genes involved in secondary metabolism and more specifically, the majority of defence-related genes were strongly suppressed in the giant cells. In addition, significant induction of transcripts involved in epigenetic processes was detected inside these cells 7 days after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Ji
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Godelieve Gheysen
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Simon Denil
- Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Keith Lindsey
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Jennifer F. Topping
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Kamrun Nahar
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annelies Haegeman
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Winnok H. De Vos
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Trooskens
- Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Criekinge
- Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
- NXTGNT, Ghent University, Medical Research Building, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim De Meyer
- Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Wind JJ, Peviani A, Snel B, Hanson J, Smeekens SC. ABI4: versatile activator and repressor. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 18:125-132. [PMID: 23182343 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE4 (ABI4) gene was discovered to be an abscisic acid (ABA) signaling responsive transcription factor active during seed germination. The evolutionary history of the ABI4 gene supports its role as an ABA signaling intermediate in land plants. Investigating the ABI4 protein-cis element interaction supports the proposal that ABI4 binding to its known CE1 cis-element competes with transcription factor binding to the overlapping G-Box element. Recent publications report on ABI4 as a regulatory factor in diverse processes. In developing seedlings, ABI4 mediates sugar signaling, lipid breakdown, and plastid-to-nucleus signaling. Moreover, ABI4 is a regulator of rosette growth, redox signaling, cell wall metabolism and the effect of nitrate on lateral root development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia J Wind
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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22
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Plastid Signaling During the Plant Life Cycle. PLASTID DEVELOPMENT IN LEAVES DURING GROWTH AND SENESCENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5724-0_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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23
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Juszczak I, Baier M. The strength of the miR398-Csd2-CCS1 regulon is subject to natural variation in Arabidopsis thaliana. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:3385-90. [PMID: 22841720 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
miR398 links expression of the three major chloroplast copper proteins, plastocyanin, CCS1 and Csd2, to copper availability. miR398 abundance was stronger plastocyanin-controlled in accessions from cold and continental habitats (Kas-1, Ms-0, WS) than in Cvi-0 and Col-0. Target gene regulation was broken for Csd2 in Cvi-0 upon cold-treatment. Comparison of miR398 levels, target gene regulation as well as Ago1 and miR168 expression demonstrated that the miR398 regulon can be overwritten by accession specific transcriptional regulation in Cvi-0. It is concluded that the escape from the miRNA control of copper homeostasis is linked to adaptation of Cvi-0 to its harsh natural habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Juszczak
- Plant Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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24
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Lee SA, Yoon EK, Heo JO, Lee MH, Hwang I, Cheong H, Lee WS, Hwang YS, Lim J. Analysis of Arabidopsis glucose insensitive growth mutants reveals the involvement of the plastidial copper transporter PAA1 in glucose-induced intracellular signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 159:1001-12. [PMID: 22582133 PMCID: PMC3387689 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.191726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sugars play important roles in many aspects of plant growth and development, acting as both energy sources and signaling molecules. With the successful use of genetic approaches, the molecular components involved in sugar signaling have been identified and their regulatory roles in the pathways have been elucidated. Here, we describe novel mutants of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), named glucose insensitive growth (gig), identified by their insensitivity to high-glucose (Glc)-induced growth inhibition. The gig mutant displayed retarded growth under normal growth conditions and also showed alterations in the expression of Glc-responsive genes under high-Glc conditions. Our molecular identification reveals that GIG encodes the plastidial copper (Cu) transporter PAA1 (for P(1B)-type ATPase 1). Interestingly, double mutant analysis indicated that in high Glc, gig is epistatic to both hexokinase1 (hxk1) and aba insensitive4 (abi4), major regulators in sugar and retrograde signaling. Under high-Glc conditions, the addition of Cu had no effect on the recovery of gig/paa1 to the wild type, whereas exogenous Cu feeding could suppress its phenotype under normal growth conditions. The expression of GIG/PAA1 was also altered by mutations in the nuclear factors HXK1, ABI3, and ABI4 in high Glc. Furthermore, a transient expression assay revealed the interaction between ABI4 and the GIG/PAA1 promoter, suggesting that ABI4 actively regulates the transcription of GIG/PAA1, likely binding to the CCAC/ACGT core element of the GIG/PAA1 promoter. Our findings indicate that the plastidial Cu transporter PAA1, which is essential for plastid function and/or activity, plays an important role in bidirectional communication between the plastid and the nucleus in high Glc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jun Lim
- Corresponding author; e-mail
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25
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Kerchev PI, Pellny TK, Vivancos PD, Kiddle G, Hedden P, Driscoll S, Vanacker H, Verrier P, Hancock RD, Foyer CH. The transcription factor ABI4 Is required for the ascorbic acid-dependent regulation of growth and regulation of jasmonate-dependent defense signaling pathways in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2011; 23:3319-34. [PMID: 21926335 PMCID: PMC3203439 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.090100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cellular redox homeostasis is a hub for signal integration. Interactions between redox metabolism and the ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE-4 (ABI4) transcription factor were characterized in the Arabidopsis thaliana vitamin c defective1 (vtc1) and vtc2 mutants, which are defective in ascorbic acid synthesis and show a slow growth phenotype together with enhanced abscisic acid (ABA) levels relative to the wild type (Columbia-0). The 75% decrease in the leaf ascorbate pool in the vtc2 mutants was not sufficient to adversely affect GA metabolism. The transcriptome signatures of the abi4, vtc1, and vtc2 mutants showed significant overlap, with a large number of transcription factors or signaling components similarly repressed or induced. Moreover, lincomycin-dependent changes in LIGHT HARVESTING CHLOROPHYLL A/B BINDING PROTEIN 1.1 expression were comparable in these mutants, suggesting overlapping participation in chloroplast to nucleus signaling. The slow growth phenotype of vtc2 was absent in the abi4 vtc2 double mutant, as was the sugar-insensitive phenotype of the abi4 mutant. Octadecanoid derivative-responsive AP2/ERF-domain transcription factor 47 (ORA47) and AP3 (an ABI5 binding factor) transcripts were enhanced in vtc2 but repressed in abi4 vtc2, suggesting that ABI4 and ascorbate modulate growth and defense gene expression through jasmonate signaling. We conclude that low ascorbate triggers ABA- and jasmonate-dependent signaling pathways that together regulate growth through ABI4. Moreover, cellular redox homeostasis exerts a strong influence on sugar-dependent growth regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel I. Kerchev
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom
| | - Till K. Pellny
- Plant Science Department, Centre for Crop Genetic Improvement, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro Diaz Vivancos
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
- Department of Plant Breeding, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura–Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 30100-Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Spain
| | - Guy Kiddle
- Plant Science Department, Centre for Crop Genetic Improvement, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Hedden
- Plant Science Department, Centre for Crop Genetic Improvement, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Driscoll
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Hélène Vanacker
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Université de Paris sud 11, 91405 Orsay cedex, Paris, France
| | - Paul Verrier
- Department of Biomathematics, Bioinformatics Centre for Mathematical and Computational Biology, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert D. Hancock
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom
| | - Christine H. Foyer
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
- Address correspondence to
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Tanaka R, Kobayashi K, Masuda T. Tetrapyrrole Metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE ARABIDOPSIS BOOK 2011; 9:e0145. [PMID: 22303270 PMCID: PMC3268503 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Higher plants produce four classes of tetrapyrroles, namely, chlorophyll (Chl), heme, siroheme, and phytochromobilin. In plants, tetrapyrroles play essential roles in a wide range of biological activities including photosynthesis, respiration and the assimilation of nitrogen/sulfur. All four classes of tetrapyrroles are derived from a common biosynthetic pathway that resides in the plastid. In this article, we present an overview of tetrapyrrole metabolism in Arabidopsis and other higher plants, and we describe all identified enzymatic steps involved in this metabolism. We also summarize recent findings on Chl biosynthesis and Chl breakdown. Recent advances in this field, in particular those on the genetic and biochemical analyses of novel enzymes, prompted us to redraw the tetrapyrrole metabolic pathways. In addition, we also summarize our current understanding on the regulatory mechanisms governing tetrapyrrole metabolism. The interactions of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis and other cellular processes including the plastid-to-nucleus signal transduction are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryouichi Tanaka
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuru Masuda
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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González-Pérez S, Gutiérrez J, García-García F, Osuna D, Dopazo J, Lorenzo Ó, Revuelta JL, Arellano JB. Early transcriptional defense responses in Arabidopsis cell suspension culture under high-light conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 156:1439-56. [PMID: 21531897 PMCID: PMC3135932 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.177766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The early transcriptional defense responses and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cell suspension culture (ACSC), containing functional chloroplasts, were examined at high light (HL). The transcriptional analysis revealed that most of the ROS markers identified among the 449 transcripts with significant differential expression were transcripts specifically up-regulated by singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)). On the contrary, minimal correlation was established with transcripts specifically up-regulated by superoxide radical or hydrogen peroxide. The transcriptional analysis was supported by fluorescence microscopy experiments. The incubation of ACSC with the (1)O(2) sensor green reagent and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate showed that the 30-min-HL-treated cultures emitted fluorescence that corresponded with the production of (1)O(2) but not of hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, the in vivo photodamage of the D1 protein of photosystem II indicated that the photogeneration of (1)O(2) took place within the photosystem II reaction center. Functional enrichment analyses identified transcripts that are key components of the ROS signaling transduction pathway in plants as well as others encoding transcription factors that regulate both ROS scavenging and water deficit stress. A meta-analysis examining the transcriptional profiles of mutants and hormone treatments in Arabidopsis showed a high correlation between ACSC at HL and the fluorescent mutant family of Arabidopsis, a producer of (1)O(2) in plastids. Intriguingly, a high correlation was also observed with ABA deficient1 and more axillary growth4, two mutants with defects in the biosynthesis pathways of two key (apo)carotenoid-derived plant hormones (i.e. abscisic acid and strigolactones, respectively). ACSC has proven to be a valuable system for studying early transcriptional responses to HL stress.
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MESH Headings
- Arabidopsis/cytology
- Arabidopsis/genetics
- Arabidopsis/immunology
- Arabidopsis/radiation effects
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Culture Techniques/methods
- Cells, Cultured
- Chloroplasts/drug effects
- Chloroplasts/metabolism
- Chloroplasts/radiation effects
- Cluster Analysis
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/radiation effects
- Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology
- Light
- Mutation/genetics
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Photosystem II Protein Complex/metabolism
- Plant Growth Regulators/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reproducibility of Results
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Stress, Physiological/drug effects
- Stress, Physiological/genetics
- Stress, Physiological/radiation effects
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Transcription, Genetic/radiation effects
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Juan B. Arellano
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNASA-CSIC), 37071 Salamanca, Spain (S.G.-P., J.G., J.B.A.); Functional Genomics Node, National Institute for Bioinformatics, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Camino de las Moreras, 46012 Valencia, Spain (F.G.-G., J.D.); Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37185 Salamanca, Spain (D.O., O.L.); Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Instituto de Microbiología Bioquímica, Universidad de Salamanca-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 37007 Salamanca, Spain (J.L.R.)
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Jeong SW, Das PK, Jeoung SC, Song JY, Lee HK, Kim YK, Kim WJ, Park YI, Yoo SD, Choi SB, Choi G, Park YI. Ethylene suppression of sugar-induced anthocyanin pigmentation in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 154:1514-31. [PMID: 20876338 PMCID: PMC2971625 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.161869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanin accumulation is regulated negatively by ethylene signaling and positively by sugar and light signaling. However, the antagonistic interactions underlying these signalings remain to be elucidated fully. We show that ethylene inhibits anthocyanin accumulation induced by sucrose (Suc) and light by suppressing the expression of transcription factors that positively regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis, including GLABRA3, TRANSPARENT TESTA8, and PRODUCTION OF ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENT1, while stimulating the concomitant expression of the negative R3-MYB regulator MYBL2. Genetic analyses show that the ethylene-mediated suppression of anthocyanin accumulation is dependent upon ethylene signaling components responsible for the triple response. Furthermore, these positive and negative signaling pathways appear to be under photosynthetic control. Suc and light induction of anthocyanin accumulation was almost fully inhibited in wild-type Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ecotype Columbia and ethylene (ethylene response1 [etr1-1]) and light (long hypocotyl1 [hy1], cryptochrome1/2, and hy5) signaling mutants treated with the photosynthetic electron transport inhibitor 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea. The transcript level of the sugar transporter gene SUC1 was enhanced in ecotype Columbia treated with the ethylene-binding inhibitor silver and in etr1-1, ethylene insensitive2 (ein2-1), and ein3 ein3-like1 mutants. In contrast, 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea treatment reduced SUC1 expression, which indicates strongly that SUC1 represents an integrator for signals provided by sugar, light, and ethylene. SUC1 mutations lowered accumulations of anthocyanin pigment, soluble sugar content, and ethylene production in response to Suc and light signals. These data demonstrate that the suppression of SUC1 expression by ethylene inhibits Suc-induced anthocyanin accumulation in the presence of light and, hence, fine-tunes anthocyanin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Youn-Il Park
- Department of Biological Science and Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305–764, Korea (S.-W.J., P.K.D., J.-Y.S., H.K.L., Y.-I.P.); Division of Advanced Technology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 305–340, Korea (S.-W.J., S.C.J.); GreenGene Biotech (Y.-K.K.) and Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics (S.-B.C.), Myongji University, Yongin 449–728, Korea; Division of Biotechnology, Catholic University, Bucheon 420–743, Korea (W.J.K., Y.I.P.); Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440–764, Korea (S.-D.Y.); Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305–701, Korea (G.C.)
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Albrecht V, Simková K, Carrie C, Delannoy E, Giraud E, Whelan J, Small ID, Apel K, Badger MR, Pogson BJ. The cytoskeleton and the peroxisomal-targeted snowy cotyledon3 protein are required for chloroplast development in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2010; 22:3423-38. [PMID: 20978221 PMCID: PMC2990128 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.110.074781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Revised: 08/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Here, we describe the snowy cotyledon3 (sco3-1) mutation, which impairs chloroplast and etioplast development in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. SCO3 is a member of a largely uncharacterized protein family unique to the plant kingdom. The sco3-1 mutation alters chloroplast morphology and development, reduces chlorophyll accumulation, impairs thylakoid formation and photosynthesis in seedlings, and results in photoinhibition under extreme CO(2) concentrations in mature leaves. There are no readily apparent changes to chloroplast biology, such as transcription or assembly that explain the disruption to chloroplast biogenesis. Indeed, SCO3 is actually targeted to another organelle, specifically to the periphery of peroxisomes. However, impaired chloroplast development cannot be attributed to perturbed peroxisomal metabolic processes involving germination, fatty acid β-oxidation or photorespiration, though there are so far undescribed changes in low and high CO(2) sensitivity in seedlings and young true leaves. Many of the chloroplasts are bilobed, and some have persistent membranous extensions that encircle other cellular components. Significantly, there are changes to the cytoskeleton in sco3-1, and microtubule inhibitors have similar effects on chloroplast biogenesis as sco3-1 does. The localization of SCO3 to the periphery of the peroxisomes was shown to be dependent on a functional microtubule cytoskeleton. Therefore, the microtubule and peroxisome-associated SCO3 protein is required for chloroplast development, and sco3-1, along with microtubule inhibitors, demonstrates an unexpected role for the cytoskeleton and peroxisomes in chloroplast biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Albrecht
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University Canberra, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
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Zhong R, Thompson J, Ottesen E, Lamppa GK. A forward genetic screen to explore chloroplast protein import in vivo identifies Moco sulfurase, pivotal for ABA and IAA biosynthesis and purine turnover. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 63:44-59. [PMID: 20374530 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2010.04220.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A genetic screen in Arabidopsis was developed to explore the regulation of chloroplast protein import in vivo using two independent reporters representing housekeeping and photosynthetic pre-proteins. We first used 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase (EPSP synthase*), a key enzyme in the shikimic acid pathway, with a mutation that confers tolerance to the herbicide glyphosate. Because the EPSP synthase* pre-protein must be imported for its function, the loss of glyphosate tolerance provided an initial indication of an import deficiency. Second, the fate of GFP fused to a ferredoxin transit peptide (FD5-GFP) was determined. A class of altered chloroplast import (aci) mutants showed both glyphosate sensitivity and FD5-GFP mislocalized to nuclei. aci2-1 was selected for further study. Yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) fused to the transit peptide of EPSP synthase* or the small subunit of Rubisco was not imported into chloroplasts, but also localized to nuclei during protoplast transient expression. Isolated aci2-1 chloroplasts showed a 50% reduction in pre-protein import efficiency in an in vitro assay. Mutants did not grow photoautotrophically on media without sucrose and were small and dark green in soil. aci2-1 and two alleles code for Moco-sulfurase, which activates the aldehyde oxidases required for the biosynthesis of the plant hormones abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-acetic acid (IAA) and controls purine nucleotide (ATP and GTP) turnover and nitrogen recycling via xanthine dehydrogenase. These enzyme activities were not detected in aci2-1. ABA, IAA and/or purine turnover may play previously unrecognized roles in the regulation of chloroplast protein import in response to developmental, metabolic and environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhong
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, 920 East 58th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Parsons HT, Fry SC. Reactive oxygen species-induced release of intracellular ascorbate in plant cell-suspension cultures and evidence for pulsing of net release rate. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2010; 187:332-342. [PMID: 20487313 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03282.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
*Apoplastic ascorbate has been proposed to confer resistance to oxidative stresses, e.g. ozone. We investigated reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced secretion and catabolism of ascorbate. *Late-growth-phase cultured cells of rose and Arabidopsis were preloaded with [(14)C]ascorbate. Radiolabelled metabolites and secretion products were analysed by high-voltage electrophoresis. *In both species, exogenous 1 mM hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) rapidly stimulated [(14)C]ascorbate and [(14)C]dehydroascorbate accumulation in the medium (apoplast). Net (14)C export was most rapid within 100 s of washing, and often showed superimposed pulses, of c. 10-s duration, whose amplitude was greater after H(2)O(2) treatment. Oxidative stress did not cause indiscriminate metabolite leakage from the cells. H(2)O(2) caused c. 20-40% of the intracellular [(14)C]ascorbate to be irreversibly catabolized to [(14)C]oxalyl-threonate and related products; however, the great majority of the extracellular radioactivity remained as [(14)C]ascorbate and [(14)C]dehydroascorbate. Much of the apoplastic dehydroascorbate was probably reabsorbed by the cells and reduced back to ascorbate. *The data show that exported ascorbate can serve an apoplastic antioxidant role in these late-growth-phase cells without being irreversibly lost, whereas in early-growth-phase cells most extracellular ascorbate is irreversibly degraded. In conclusion, cultured plant cells can respond actively to oxidative stress by reversibly exporting ascorbate into the apoplast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet T Parsons
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JH, UK
| | - Stephen C Fry
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JH, UK
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Sigma factor phosphorylation in the photosynthetic control of photosystem stoichiometry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:10760-4. [PMID: 20498041 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0911692107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An imbalance in photosynthetic electron transfer is thought to be redressed by photosynthetic control of the rate of expression of genes encoding apoproteins of photosystem (PS)-I and PS-II in response to the redox state of plastoquinone (PQ), which is a connecting electron carrier. PS stoichiometry is then adjusted to enhance photosynthetic efficiency. In prokaryotes, sigma factors are well known for their participation in the control of RNA polymerase activity in transcription, whereas there have been no reports concerning their association with redox regulation. We have found that the phosphorylation of SIG1, the major sigma factor (SIG), is regulated by redox signals and selectively inhibits the transcription of the psaA gene, which encodes a PS-I protein. We produced transgenic Arabidopsis plants with or without the putative phosphorylation sites for SIG1 and demonstrated through in vivo labeling that Thr-170 was involved in the phosphorylation. We analyzed the in vivo and in vitro transcriptional responses of the transgenic Arabidopsis plants to the redox status in regard to involvement of the phosphorylation site. We revealed an enhanced phosphorylation of SIG1 under oxidative conditions of PQ in a form associated with the molecular mass of the holoenzyme. Phosphorylation of SIG1 proved crucial through a change in the promoter specificity for sustaining balanced expression of components in PS-I and PS-II and was responsible for harmonious electron flow to maintain photosynthetic efficiency.
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Xia XJ, Huang LF, Zhou YH, Mao WH, Shi K, Wu JX, Asami T, Chen Z, Yu JQ. Brassinosteroids promote photosynthesis and growth by enhancing activation of Rubisco and expression of photosynthetic genes in Cucumis sativus. PLANTA 2009; 230:1185-96. [PMID: 19760261 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-009-1016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a new group of plant growth substances that promote plant growth and productivity. We showed in this study that improved growth of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants after treatment with 24-epibrassinolide (EBR), an active BR, was associated with increased CO(2) assimilation and quantum yield of PSII (Phi(PSII)). Treatment of brassinazole (Brz), a specific inhibitor for BR biosynthesis, reduced plant growth and at the same time decreased CO(2) assimilation and Phi(PSII). Thus, the growth-promoting activity of BRs can be, at least partly, attributed to enhanced plant photosynthesis. To understand how BRs enhance photosynthesis, we have analyzed the effects of EBR and Brz on a number of photosynthetic parameters and their affecting factors, including the contents and activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). Northern and Western blotting demonstrated that EBR upregulated, while Brz downregulated, the expressions of rbcL, rbcS and other photosynthetic genes. In addition, EBR had a positive effect on the activation of Rubisco based on increased maximum Rubisco carboxylation rates (V (c,max)), total Rubisco activity and, to a greater extent, initial Rubisco activity. The accumulation patterns of Rubisco activase (RCA) based on immunogold-labeling experiments suggested a role of RCA in BR-regulated activation state of Rubisco. Enhanced expression of genes encoding other Calvin cycle genes after EBR treatment may also play a positive role in RuBP regeneration (J (max)), thereby increasing maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco (V (c,max)). Thus, BRs promote photosynthesis and growth by positively regulating synthesis and activation of a variety of photosynthetic enzymes including Rubisco in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jian Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Huajiachi Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Cortleven A, Remans T, Brenner WG, Valcke R. Selection of plastid- and nuclear-encoded reference genes to study the effect of altered endogenous cytokinin content on photosynthesis genes in Nicotiana tabacum. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2009; 102:21-9. [PMID: 19633918 PMCID: PMC2755781 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-009-9470-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2008] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Selection and use of appropriate reference genes as internal controls in real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) assays is highly important for accurate quantification of gene expression levels. Since some photosynthetic genes are encoded in the nuclear genome and others in the chloroplast genome, we evaluated both nuclear- and plastid-encoded candidate reference genes. Six plastid-encoded candidate reference genes were derived from Arabidopsis microarray data and three plastid- and five nuclear-encoded reference genes were derived from literature. Cytokinins influence photosynthetic gene expression, so we evaluated the expression stability of the candidate reference genes in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants with elevated or diminished cytokinin content. We found that the most reliable strategy makes use of plastid-encoded genes for normalizing plastid photosynthetic genes and nuclear-encoded reference genes for normalizing nuclear photosynthetic genes. Compared to the use of nuclear reference genes only, this approach assimilates any effects on transcriptional activity of chloroplasts or number of chloroplast. The best expression stabilities in Nicotiana tabacum were observed for the plastid-encoded references genes Nt-RPS3, Nt-NDHI and Nt-IN1 and for the nuclear-encoded genes Nt-ACT9, Nt-alphaTUB and Nt-SSU. These genes may be suitable for normalization of photosynthetic genes under other experimental conditions in Nicotiana tabacum, and orthologues of these genes may be suitable candidates for normalizing photosynthetic gene expression in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Cortleven
- Laboratory of Molecular and Physical Plant Physiology, Department of SBG, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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Bräutigam K, Dietzel L, Kleine T, Ströher E, Wormuth D, Dietz KJ, Radke D, Wirtz M, Hell R, Dörmann P, Nunes-Nesi A, Schauer N, Fernie AR, Oliver SN, Geigenberger P, Leister D, Pfannschmidt T. Dynamic plastid redox signals integrate gene expression and metabolism to induce distinct metabolic states in photosynthetic acclimation in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2009; 21:2715-32. [PMID: 19737978 PMCID: PMC2768923 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.108.062018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Revised: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 08/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants possess acclimation responses in which structural reconfigurations adapt the photosynthetic apparatus to fluctuating illumination. Long-term acclimation involves changes in plastid and nuclear gene expression and is controlled by redox signals from photosynthesis. The kinetics of these signals and the adjustments of energetic and metabolic demands to the changes in the photosynthetic apparatus are currently poorly understood. Using a redox signaling system that preferentially excites either photosystem I or II, we measured the time-dependent impact of redox signals on the transcriptome and metabolome of Arabidopsis thaliana. We observed rapid and dynamic changes in nuclear transcript accumulation resulting in differential and specific expression patterns for genes associated with photosynthesis and metabolism. Metabolite pools also exhibited dynamic changes and indicate readjustments between distinct metabolic states depending on the respective illumination. These states reflect reallocation of energy resources in a defined and reversible manner, indicating that structural changes in the photosynthetic apparatus during long-term acclimation are additionally supported at the level of metabolism. We propose that photosynthesis can act as an environmental sensor, producing retrograde redox signals that trigger two parallel adjustment loops that coordinate photosynthesis and metabolism to adapt plant primary productivity to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Bräutigam
- Nachwuchsgruppe Pflanzliche Anpassung an Umweltveränderungen: Proteinanalyse mittels MS, Lehrstuhl für Pflanzenphysiologie, Institut für Allgemeine Botanik und Pflanzenphysiologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Lars Dietzel
- Nachwuchsgruppe Pflanzliche Anpassung an Umweltveränderungen: Proteinanalyse mittels MS, Lehrstuhl für Pflanzenphysiologie, Institut für Allgemeine Botanik und Pflanzenphysiologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Tatjana Kleine
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Elke Ströher
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemie und Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dennis Wormuth
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemie und Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemie und Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dörte Radke
- Hans Knöll Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute for Community Medicine, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus Wirtz
- Heidelberg Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Hell
- Heidelberg Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Dörmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Nicolas Schauer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sandra N. Oliver
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Peter Geigenberger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfannschmidt
- Nachwuchsgruppe Pflanzliche Anpassung an Umweltveränderungen: Proteinanalyse mittels MS, Lehrstuhl für Pflanzenphysiologie, Institut für Allgemeine Botanik und Pflanzenphysiologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Address correspondence to
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Pfannschmidt T, Bräutigam K, Wagner R, Dietzel L, Schröter Y, Steiner S, Nykytenko A. Potential regulation of gene expression in photosynthetic cells by redox and energy state: approaches towards better understanding. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2009; 103:599-607. [PMID: 18492734 PMCID: PMC2707342 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcn081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Revised: 03/11/2008] [Accepted: 04/21/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photosynthetic electron transport is performed by a chain of redox components that are electrochemically connected in series. Its efficiency depends on the balanced action of the photosystems and on the interaction with the dark reaction. Plants are sessile and cannot escape from environmental conditions such as fluctuating illumination, limitation of CO(2) fixation by low temperatures, salinity, or low nutrient or water availability, which disturb the homeostasis of the photosynthetic process. Photosynthetic organisms, therefore, have developed various molecular acclimation mechanisms that maintain or restore photosynthetic efficiency under adverse conditions and counteract abiotic stresses. Recent studies indicate that redox signals from photosynthetic electron transport and reactive oxygen species (ROS) or ROS-scavenging molecules play a central role in the regulation of acclimation and stress responses. SCOPE The underlying signalling network of photosynthetic redox control is largely unknown, but it is already apparent that gene regulation by redox signals is of major importance for plants. Signalling cascades controlling the expression of chloroplast and nuclear genes have been identified and dissection of the different pathways is advancing. Because of the direction of information flow, photosynthetic redox signals can be defined as a distinct class of retrograde signals in addition to signals from organellar gene expression or pigment biosynthesis. They represent a vital signal of mature chloroplasts that report their present functional state to the nucleus. Here we describe possible problems in the elucidation of redox signalling networks and discuss some aspects of plant cell biology that are important for developing suitable experimental approaches. CONCLUSIONS The photosynthetic function of chloroplasts represents an important sensor that integrates various abiotic changes in the environment into corresponding molecular signals, which, in turn, regulate cellular activities to counterbalance the environmental changes or stresses.
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Dietzel L, Steiner S, Schröter Y, Pfannschmidt* T. Retrograde Signalling. PLANT CELL MONOGRAPHS 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/7089_2008_41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Staneloni RJ, Rodriguez-Batiller MJ, Casal JJ. Abscisic acid, high-light, and oxidative stress down-regulate a photosynthetic gene via a promoter motif not involved in phytochrome-mediated transcriptional regulation. MOLECULAR PLANT 2008; 1:75-83. [PMID: 20031916 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssm007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In etiolated seedlings, light perceived by phytochrome promotes the expression of light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein of photosystem II (Lhcb) genes. However, excess of photosynthetically active radiation can reduce Lhcb expression. Here, we investigate the convergence and divergence of phytochrome, high-light stress and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, which could connect these processes. Etiolated Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings bearing an Lhcb promoter fused to a reporter were exposed to continuous far-red light to activate phytochrome and not photosynthesis, and treated with ABA. We identified a cis-acting region of the promoter required for down-regulation by ABA. This region contains a CCAC sequence recently found to be necessary for ABI4-binding to an Lhcb promoter. However, we did not find a G-box-binding core motif often associated with the ABI4-binding site in genes promoted by light and repressed by ABI4. Mutations involving this motif also impaired the responses to reduced water potential, the response to high photosynthetic light and the response to methyl viologen but not the response to low temperature or to Norflurazon. We propose a model based on current and previous findings, in which hydrogen peroxide produced in the chloroplasts under high light conditions interacts with the ABA signaling network to regulate Lhcb expression. Since the mutation that affects high-light and methyl viologen responses does not affect phytochrome-mediated responses, the regulation by retrograde and phytochrome signaling can finally be separated at the target promoter level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto J Staneloni
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, and IIBBA-CONICET, C1405BWE-Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Sharples SC, Fry SC. Radioisotope ratios discriminate between competing pathways of cell wall polysaccharide and RNA biosynthesis in living plant cells. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2007; 52:252-62. [PMID: 17764499 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2007.03225.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall polysaccharides are synthesized from sugar-nucleotides, e.g. uridine 5'-diphosphoglucose (UDP-Glc), but the metabolic pathways that produce sugar-nucleotides in plants remain controversial. To help distinguish between potentially 'competing' pathways, we have developed a novel dual-radiolabelling strategy that generates a remarkably wide range of 3H:14C ratios among the various proposed precursors. Arabidopsis cell cultures were fed traces of D-[1-(3)H]galactose and a 14C-labelled hexose (e.g. D-[U-14C]fructose) in the presence of an approximately 10(4)-fold excess of non-radioactive carbon source. Six interconvertible 'core intermediates', galactose 1-phosphate <--> UDP-galactose <--> UDP-glucose <--> glucose 1-phosphate <--> glucose 6-phosphate <--> fructose 6-phosphate, showed a large decrease in 3H:14C ratio along this pathway from left to right. The isotope ratio of a polysaccharide-bound sugar residue indicates from which of the six core intermediates its sugar-nucleotide donor substrate stemmed. Polymer-bound galacturonate, xylose, arabinose and apiose residues (all produced via UDP-glucuronate) stemmed from UDP-glucose, not glucose 6-phosphate; therefore, UDP-glucuronate arose predominantly by the action of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase rather than through the postulated competing pathway leading from glucose 6-phosphate via myo-inositol. The data also indicate that UDP-galacturonate was not formed by a hypothetical UDP-galactose dehydrogenase. Polymer-bound mannose and fucose residues stemmed from fructose 6-phosphate, not glucose 1-phosphate; therefore GDP-mannose (guanosine 5'-diphosphomannose) arose predominantly by a pathway involving phosphomannose isomerase (via mannose phosphates) rather than through a postulated competing pathway involving GDP-glucose epimerization. Curiously, the ribose residues of RNA did not stem directly from hexose 6-phosphates, but predominantly from UDP-glucose; an alternative to the textbook pentose-phosphate pathway therefore predominates in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra C Sharples
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Koussevitzky S, Nott A, Mockler TC, Hong F, Sachetto-Martins G, Surpin M, Lim J, Mittler R, Chory J. Signals from chloroplasts converge to regulate nuclear gene expression. Science 2007; 316:715-9. [PMID: 17395793 DOI: 10.1126/science.1140516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 571] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Plastid-to-nucleus retrograde signaling coordinates nuclear gene expression with chloroplast function and is essential for the photoautotrophic life-style of plants. Three retrograde signals have been described, but little is known of their signaling pathways. We show here that GUN1, a chloroplast-localized pentatricopeptide-repeat protein, and ABI4, an Apetala 2 (AP2)-type transcription factor, are common to all three pathways. ABI4 binds the promoter of a retrograde-regulated gene through a conserved motif found in close proximity to a light-regulatory element. We propose a model in which multiple indicators of aberrant plastid function in Arabidopsis are integrated upstream of GUN1 within plastids, which leads to ABI4-mediated repression of nuclear-encoded genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai Koussevitzky
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Tian C, Chikayama E, Tsuboi Y, Kuromori T, Shinozaki K, Kikuchi J, Hirayama T. Top-down phenomics of Arabidopsis thaliana: metabolic profiling by one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and transcriptome analysis of albino mutants. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:18532-18541. [PMID: 17468106 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m700549200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the function of each gene in a genome is important for understanding the whole organism. We previously constructed 4000 disruptant mutants of Arabidopsis by insertion of Ds transposons. Here, we describe a top-down phenomics approach based on metabolic profiling that uses one-dimensional 1H and two-dimensional 1H,13C NMR analyses and transcriptome analysis of albino mutant lines of Arabidopsis. One-dimensional 1H NMR metabolic fingerprinting revealed global metabolic changes in the albino mutants, notably a decrease in aromatic metabolites and changes in aliphatic metabolites. NMR measurements of plants fed with 13C6-glucose showed that the albino lines had dramatically different 13C-labeling patterns and increased levels of several amino acids, especially Asn and Gln. Microarray analysis of one of the albino lines revealed a unique expression profile and showed that changes in the expression of genes encoding metabolic enzymes did not correspond with changes in the levels of metabolites. Collectively, these results suggest that albino mutants lose the normal carbon/nitrogen balance, presumably mainly through lack of photosynthesis. Our study offers an idea of how much the metabolite network is affected by chloroplast function in plants and shows the effectiveness of NMR-based metabolic analysis for metabolite profiling. On the basis of these findings, we propose that future investigations of plant systems biology combine transcriptomic, metabolomic, and phenomic analyses of gene disruptant lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjie Tian
- Laboratory of Environmental Molecular Biology, RIKEN Wako Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Graduate School of Integrated Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Eisuke Chikayama
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22 Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yuuri Tsuboi
- Laboratory of Environmental Molecular Biology, RIKEN Wako Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Graduate School of Integrated Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takashi Kuromori
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22 Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22 Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22 Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Hon-cho, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan; Graduate School of Bioagriculture Science, Nagoya University, 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Takashi Hirayama
- Laboratory of Environmental Molecular Biology, RIKEN Wako Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Graduate School of Integrated Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Hon-cho, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan.
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Yabuta Y, Mieda T, Rapolu M, Nakamura A, Motoki T, Maruta T, Yoshimura K, Ishikawa T, Shigeoka S. Light regulation of ascorbate biosynthesis is dependent on the photosynthetic electron transport chain but independent of sugars in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2007; 58:2661-71. [PMID: 17586607 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erm124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
It has been known that leaves exposed to high light contain more L-ascorbic acid (AsA) than those in the shade. However, the mechanism of the light regulation of the AsA pool size in plants is largely unknown. In this work, the relationship between gene expression levels related to AsA biosynthesis and photosynthesis have been studied. When 2-week-old Arabidopsis plants grown under a 16 h daily photoperiod were moved into the dark, the AsA level in the leaves was decreased by 91% in 72 h, whereas it increased by 171% in the leaves of plants exposed to continuous light during the same period. Among the several enzymes of the AsA biosynthesis pathway, the transcript levels of GDP-D-mannose pyrophosphorylase, L-galactose 1-P phosphatase, L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase, and the VTC2 gene were down-regulated in the dark. Treatment with inhibitors of photosynthesis, 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea and atrazine, arrested a rise in the AsA pool size accompanying the decrease in the transcript levels of the genes of the above enzyme in the leaves. When the plants were transferred to a medium containing 0.5% (w/v) sucrose, the photosynthesis activities and the leaf AsA levels were lowered even under exposure to light compared with those in plants on the medium without sucrose. In contrast, the AsA level in leaves of the sugar-insensitive Arabidopsis mutant abi4/sun6 was unaffected by external sucrose. No significant difference in the expression profiles for AsA biosynthesis enzymes was observed between the wild-type and mutant plants by sucrose feeding. The results suggest that photosynthetic electron transport of chloroplasts is closely related to AsA pool size regulation in leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukinori Yabuta
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara, Japan
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Plastid-nucleus communication: anterograde and retrograde signalling in the development and function of plastids. CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLASTIDS 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/4735_2007_0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Penfield S, Li Y, Gilday AD, Graham S, Graham IA. Arabidopsis ABA INSENSITIVE4 regulates lipid mobilization in the embryo and reveals repression of seed germination by the endosperm. THE PLANT CELL 2006; 18:1887-99. [PMID: 16844907 PMCID: PMC1533976 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.106.041277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2006] [Revised: 05/11/2006] [Accepted: 06/07/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of seed germination requires coordinate action by the embryo and surrounding endosperm. We used Arabidopsis thaliana to establish the relative roles of embryo and endosperm in the control of seed germination and seedling establishment. We previously showed that endospermic oil reserves are used postgerminatively via gluconeogenesis to fuel seedling establishment and that lipid breakdown is repressed by abscisic acid (ABA) in embryo but not endosperm tissues. Here, we use RNA amplification to describe the transcriptome of the endosperm and compare the hormone responses of endosperm and embryo tissues. We show that the endosperm responds to both ABA and gibberellin but that ABA in particular regulates nuclear but not plastid-encoded photosynthetic gene expression in the embryo. We also show that ABA INSENSITIVE4 (ABI4) expression is confined to the embryo, accounts for the major differences in embryo response to ABA, and defines a role for ABI4 as a repressor of lipid breakdown. Furthermore, ABI5 expression in the endosperm defines a second region of altered ABA signaling in the micropylar endosperm cap. Finally, embryo and endosperm ABA signaling mutants demonstrate the spatial specificity of ABA action in seed germination. We conclude that the single cell endosperm layer plays an active role in the regulation of seed germination in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Penfield
- Department of Biology, Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, University of York, York YO10 5YW, United Kingdom
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Kim BH, von Arnim AG. The early dark-response in Arabidopsis thaliana revealed by cDNA microarray analysis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 60:321-42. [PMID: 16514558 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-005-4211-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2005] [Accepted: 10/13/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite intense research on light responses in plants, the consequences of a simple shift from light to darkness remain poorly characterized. We have examined the transcriptome of Arabidopsis thaliana seedling leaves upon a shift from constant light to darkness for between 1 and 8 h, while excluding most effects associated with circadian oscillation. Expression clustering and gene ontology analyses identified about 790 responsive genes implicated in diverse cellular processes. Compared to the better-studied long-term dark adaptation response, the early response to darkness is partially overlapping yet clearly distinct, encompassing early transient, early sustained, and late response clusters. The repressor of photomorphogenesis, COP1 (constitutive photomorphogenic 1), is not a chief regulator of the early response to darkness, in contrast to its well-established role during long-term dark adaptation and etiolation. Only part of the early dark response can be understood as the opposite of the response following a dark-to-light transition and as a response to sugar deprivation. Bioinformatic comparisons with published microarray datasets further suggest that abscisic acid (ABA) signaling plays a prominent role in the early response to darkness, although this effect is not mediated by an increase in the ABA level. The potential basis for the co-regulation by darkness and ABA is discussed in light of sugar and redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Hoon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840, USA
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Piippo M, Allahverdiyeva Y, Paakkarinen V, Suoranta UM, Battchikova N, Aro EM. Chloroplast-mediated regulation of nuclear genes in Arabidopsis thaliana in the absence of light stress. Physiol Genomics 2006; 25:142-52. [PMID: 16403842 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00256.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroplast signaling involves mechanisms to relay information from chloroplasts to the nucleus, to change nuclear gene expression in response to environmental cues. Aside from reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced under stress conditions, changes in the reduction/oxidation state of photosynthetic electron transfer components or coupled compounds in the stroma and the accumulation of photosynthesis-derived metabolites are likely origins of chloroplast signals. We attempted to investigate the origin of the signals from chloroplasts in mature Arabidopsis leaves by differentially modulating the redox states of the plastoquinone pool and components on the reducing side of photosystem I, as well as the rate of CO2 fixation, while avoiding the production of ROS by excess light. Differential expression of several nuclear photosynthesis genes, including a set of Calvin cycle enzymes, was recorded. These responded to the stromal redox conditions under prevailing light conditions but were independent of the redox state of the plastoquinone pool. The steady-state CO2 fixation rate was reflected in the orchestration of the expression of a number of genes encoding cytoplasmic proteins, including several glycolysis genes and the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene, and also the chloroplast-targeted chaperone DnaJ. Clearly, in mature leaves, the redox state of the compounds on the reducing side of photosystem I is of greater importance in light-dependent modulation of nuclear gene expression than the redox state of the plastoquinone pool, particularly at early signaling phases. It also became apparent that photosynthesis-mediated generation of metabolites or signaling molecules is involved in the relay of information from chloroplast to nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirva Piippo
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Finland
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Couée I, Sulmon C, Gouesbet G, El Amrani A. Involvement of soluble sugars in reactive oxygen species balance and responses to oxidative stress in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2006; 57:449-59. [PMID: 16397003 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erj027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 497] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Soluble sugars, especially sucrose, glucose, and fructose, play an obviously central role in plant structure and metabolism at the cellular and whole-organism levels. They are involved in the responses to a number of stresses, and they act as nutrient and metabolite signalling molecules that activate specific or hormone-crosstalk transduction pathways, thus resulting in important modifications of gene expression and proteomic patterns. Various metabolic reactions and regulations directly link soluble sugars with the production rates of reactive oxygen species, such as mitochondrial respiration or photosynthesis regulation, and, conversely, with anti-oxidative processes, such as the oxidative pentose-phosphate pathway and carotenoid biosynthesis. Moreover, stress situations where soluble sugars are involved, such as chilling, herbicide injury, or pathogen attack, are related to important changes in reactive oxygen species balance. These converging or antagonistic relationships between soluble sugars, reactive oxygen species production, and anti-oxidant processes are generally confirmed by current transcriptome analyses, and suggest that sugar signalling and sugar-modulated gene expression are related to the control of oxidative stress. All these links place soluble carbohydrates in a pivotal role in the pro-oxidant and antioxidant balance, and must have constrained the selection of adaptive mechanisms involving soluble sugars and preventing de-regulation of reactive oxygen species production. Finally, in line with the specific role of sucrose in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, this role of soluble sugars in oxidative stress regulation seems to entail differential effects of glucose and sucrose, which emphasizes the unresolved issue of characterizing sucrose-specific signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Couée
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Rennes 1, UMR 6553 ECOBIO, Campus de Beaulieu, bâtiment 14A, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France.
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