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Maestas MM, Bui MH, Millman JR. Recent progress in modeling and treating diabetes using stem cell-derived islets. Stem Cells Transl Med 2024; 13:949-958. [PMID: 39159002 PMCID: PMC11465181 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szae059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-derived islets (SC-islets) offer the potential to be an unlimited source of cells for disease modeling and the treatment of diabetes. SC-islets can be genetically modified, treated with chemical compounds, or differentiated from patient derived stem cells to model diabetes. These models provide insights into disease pathogenesis and vulnerabilities that may be targeted to provide treatment. SC-islets themselves are also being investigated as a cell therapy for diabetes. However, the transplantation process is imperfect; side effects from immunosuppressant use have reduced SC-islet therapeutic potential. Alternative methods to this include encapsulation, use of immunomodulating molecules, and genetic modification of SC-islets. This review covers recent advances using SC-islets to understand different diabetes pathologies and as a cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlie M Maestas
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Maggie H Bui
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Millman
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
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2
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Maestas MM, Ishahak M, Augsornworawat P, Veronese-Paniagua DA, Maxwell KG, Velazco-Cruz L, Marquez E, Sun J, Shunkarova M, Gale SE, Urano F, Millman JR. Identification of unique cell type responses in pancreatic islets to stress. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5567. [PMID: 38956087 PMCID: PMC11220140 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49724-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes involves the death or dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells. Analysis of bulk sequencing from human samples and studies using in vitro and in vivo models suggest that endoplasmic reticulum and inflammatory signaling play an important role in diabetes progression. To better characterize cell type-specific stress response, we perform multiplexed single-cell RNA sequencing to define the transcriptional signature of primary human islet cells exposed to endoplasmic reticulum and inflammatory stress. Through comprehensive pair-wise analysis of stress responses across pancreatic endocrine and exocrine cell types, we define changes in gene expression for each cell type under different diabetes-associated stressors. We find that β-, α-, and ductal cells have the greatest transcriptional response. We utilize stem cell-derived islets to study islet health through the candidate gene CIB1, which was upregulated under stress in primary human islets. Our findings provide insights into cell type-specific responses to diabetes-associated stress and establish a resource to identify targets for diabetes therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlie M Maestas
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, MSC 8127-057-08, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, MSC 8127-057-08, St. Louis, USA
| | - Matthew Ishahak
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, MSC 8127-057-08, St. Louis, USA
| | - Punn Augsornworawat
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Daniel A Veronese-Paniagua
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, MSC 8127-057-08, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, MSC 8127-057-08, St. Louis, USA
| | - Kristina G Maxwell
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, MSC 8127-057-08, St. Louis, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Leonardo Velazco-Cruz
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, MSC 8127-057-08, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, MSC 8127-057-08, St. Louis, USA
| | - Erica Marquez
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, MSC 8127-057-08, St. Louis, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Jiameng Sun
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, MSC 8127-057-08, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, MSC 8127-057-08, St. Louis, USA
| | - Mira Shunkarova
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, MSC 8127-057-08, St. Louis, USA
| | - Sarah E Gale
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, MSC 8127-057-08, St. Louis, USA
| | - Fumihiko Urano
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, MSC 8127-057-08, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, MSC 8127-057-08, St. Louis, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Millman
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, MSC 8127-057-08, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, MSC 8127-057-08, St. Louis, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA.
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Haider N, Kahn CR. Interactions among insulin resistance, epigenetics, and donor sex in gene expression regulation of iPSC-derived myoblasts. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e172333. [PMID: 38032738 PMCID: PMC10786688 DOI: 10.1172/jci172333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
About 25% of people in the general population are insulin resistant, increasing the risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic disease. Transcriptomic analysis of induced pluripotent stem cells differentiated into myoblasts (iMyos) from insulin-resistant (I-Res) versus insulin-sensitive (I-Sen) nondiabetic individuals revealed that 306 genes increased and 271 genes decreased in expression in iMyos from I-Res donors with differences of 2-fold or more. Over 30 of the genes changed in I-Res iMyos were associated with T2D by SNPs and were functionally linked to insulin action and control of metabolism. Interestingly, we also identified more than 1,500 differences in gene expression that were dependent on the sex of the cell donor, some of which modified the insulin resistance effects. Many of these sex differences were associated with increased DNA methylation in cells from female donors and were reversed by 5-azacytidine. By contrast, the insulin sensitivity differences were not reversed and thus appear to reflect genetic or methylation-independent epigenetic effects.
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Li Y, He C, Liu R, Xiao Z, Sun B. Stem cells therapy for diabetes: from past to future. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:1125-1138. [PMID: 37256240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease of carbohydrate metabolism characterized by uncontrolled hyperglycemia due to the body's impaired ability to produce or respond to insulin. Oral or injectable exogenous insulin and its analogs cannot mimic endogenous insulin secreted by healthy individuals, and pancreatic and islet transplants face a severe shortage of sources and transplant complications, all of which limit the widespread use of traditional strategies in diabetes treatment. We are now in the era of stem cells and their potential in ameliorating human disease. At the same time, the rapid development of gene editing and cell-encapsulation technologies has added to the wings of stem cell therapy. However, there are still many unanswered questions before stem cell therapy can be applied clinically to patients with diabetes. In this review, we discuss the progress of strategies to obtain insulin-producing cells from different types of stem cells, the application of gene editing in stem cell therapy for diabetes, as well as summarize the current advanced cell encapsulation technologies in diabetes therapy and look forward to the future development of stem cell therapy in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cong He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital,The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Natural Science, University of Suwon, Kyunggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhongdang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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Zhao Z, D’Oliveira Albanus R, Taylor H, Tang X, Han Y, Orchard P, Varshney A, Zhang T, Manickam N, Erdos M, Narisu N, Taylor L, Saavedra X, Zhong A, Li B, Zhou T, Naji A, Liu C, Collins F, Parker SCJ, Chen S. An integrative single-cell multi-omics profiling of human pancreatic islets identifies T1D associated genes and regulatory signals. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3343318. [PMID: 37886586 PMCID: PMC10602166 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3343318/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Genome wide association studies (GWAS) have identified over 100 signals associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, translating any given T1D GWAS signal into mechanistic insights, including putative causal variants and the context (cell type and cell state) in which they function, has been limited. Here, we present a comprehensive multi-omic integrative analysis of single-cell/nucleus resolution profiles of gene expression and chromatin accessibility in healthy and autoantibody+ (AAB+) human islets, as well as islets under multiple T1D stimulatory conditions. We broadly nominate effector cell types for all T1D GWAS signals. We further nominated higher-resolution contexts, including effector cell types, regulatory elements, and genes for three independent T1D risk variants acting through islet cells within the pancreas at the DLK1/MEG3, RASGRP1, and TOX loci. Subsequently, we created isogenic gene knockouts DLK1-/-, RASGRP1-/-, and TOX-/-, and the corresponding regulatory region knockout, RASGRP1Δ, and DLK1Δ hESCs. Loss of RASGRP1 or DLK1, as well as knockout of the regulatory region of RASGRP1 or DLK1, increased β cell apoptosis. Additionally, pancreatic β cells derived from isogenic hESCs carrying the risk allele of rs3783355A/A exhibited increased β cell death. Finally, RNA-seq and ATAC-seq identified five genes upregulated in both RASGRP1-/- and DLK1-/- β-like cells, four of which are associated with T1D. Together, this work reports an integrative approach for combining single cell multi-omics, GWAS, and isogenic hESC-derived β-like cells to prioritize the T1D associated signals and their underlying context-specific cell types, genes, SNPs, and regulatory elements, to illuminate biological functions and molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeping Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 15 10065, USA
| | | | - Henry Taylor
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xuming Tang
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 15 10065, USA
| | - Yuling Han
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 15 10065, USA
| | - Peter Orchard
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Arushi Varshney
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Stem Cell Research Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nandini Manickam
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mike Erdos
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Narisu Narisu
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Leland Taylor
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xiaxia Saavedra
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Aaron Zhong
- Genomic Resource Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medical College, NY 10065, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ting Zhou
- Genomic Resource Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medical College, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ali Naji
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA
| | - Chengyang Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA
| | - Francis Collins
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephen CJ Parker
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 15 10065, USA
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6
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Samadli S, Zhou Q, Zheng B, Gu W, Zhang A. From glucose sensing to exocytosis: takes from maturity onset diabetes of the young. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1188301. [PMID: 37255971 PMCID: PMC10226665 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1188301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Monogenic diabetes gave us simplified models of complex molecular processes occurring within β-cells, which allowed to explore the roles of numerous proteins from single protein perspective. Constellation of characteristic phenotypic features and wide application of genetic sequencing techniques to clinical practice, made the major form of monogenic diabetes - the Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young to be distinguishable from type 1, type 2 as well as neonatal diabetes mellitus and understanding underlying molecular events for each type of MODY contributed to the advancements of antidiabetic therapy and stem cell research tremendously. The functional analysis of MODY-causing proteins in diabetes development, not only provided better care for patients suffering from diabetes, but also enriched our comprehension regarding the universal cellular processes including transcriptional and translational regulation, behavior of ion channels and transporters, cargo trafficking, exocytosis. In this review, we will overview structure and function of MODY-causing proteins, alterations in a particular protein arising from the deleterious mutations to the corresponding gene and their consequences, and translation of this knowledge into new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sama Samadli
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pediatric Diseases II, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Qiaoli Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bixia Zheng
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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7
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Giallongo S, Lo Re O, Resnick I, Raffaele M, Vinciguerra M. Gene Editing and Human iPSCs in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1396:275-298. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-5642-3_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Ching C, Iich E, Teo AKK. Harnessing Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Pancreatic In Vitro Models for High-Throughput Toxicity Testing and Diabetes Drug Discovery. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 281:301-332. [PMID: 37306817 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The long-standing goals in diabetes research are to improve β-cell survival, functionality and increase β-cell mass. Current strategies to manage diabetes progression are still not ideal for sustained maintenance of normoglycemia, thereby increasing demand for the development of novel drugs. Available pancreatic cell lines, cadaveric islets, and their culture methods and formats, either 2D or 3D, allow for multiple avenues of experimental design to address diverse aims in the research setting. More specifically, these pancreatic cells have been employed in toxicity testing, diabetes drug screens, and with careful curation, can be optimized for use in efficient high-throughput screenings (HTS). This has since spearheaded the understanding of disease progression and related mechanisms, as well as the discovery of potential drug candidates which could be the cornerstone for diabetes treatment. This book chapter will touch on the pros and cons of the most widely used pancreatic cells, including the more recent human pluripotent stem cell-derived pancreatic cells, and HTS strategies (cell models, design, readouts) that can be used for the purpose of toxicity testing and diabetes drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Ching
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elhadi Iich
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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The Role of ER Stress in Diabetes: Exploring Pathological Mechanisms Using Wolfram Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010230. [PMID: 36613674 PMCID: PMC9820298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a cytosolic organelle that plays an essential role in the folding and processing of new secretory proteins, including insulin. The pathogenesis of diabetes, a group of metabolic disorders caused by dysfunctional insulin secretion (Type 1 diabetes, T1DM) or insulin sensitivity (Type 2 diabetes, T2DM), is known to involve the excess accumulation of "poorly folded proteins", namely, the induction of pathogenic ER stress in pancreatic β-cells. ER stress is known to contribute to the dysfunction of the insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells. T1DM and T2DM are multifactorial diseases, especially T2DM; both environmental and genetic factors are involved in their pathogenesis, making it difficult to create experimental disease models. In recent years, however, the development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and other regenerative technologies has greatly expanded research capabilities, leading to the development of new candidate therapies. In this review, we will discuss the mechanism by which dysregulated ER stress responses contribute to T2DM pathogenesis. Moreover, we describe new treatment methods targeting protein folding and ER stress pathways with a particular focus on pivotal studies of Wolfram syndrome, a monogenic form of syndromic diabetes caused by pathogenic variants in the WFS1 gene, which also leads to ER dysfunction.
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Miyachi Y, Miyazawa T, Ogawa Y. HNF1A Mutations and Beta Cell Dysfunction in Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063222. [PMID: 35328643 PMCID: PMC8948720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genetic factors of diabetes is essential for addressing the global increase in type 2 diabetes. HNF1A mutations cause a monogenic form of diabetes called maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), and HNF1A single-nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. Numerous studies have been conducted, mainly using genetically modified mice, to explore the molecular basis for the development of diabetes caused by HNF1A mutations, and to reveal the roles of HNF1A in multiple organs, including insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells, lipid metabolism and protein synthesis in the liver, and urinary glucose reabsorption in the kidneys. Recent studies using human stem cells that mimic MODY have provided new insights into beta cell dysfunction. In this article, we discuss the involvement of HNF1A in beta cell dysfunction by reviewing previous studies using genetically modified mice and recent findings in human stem cell-derived beta cells.
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Bartolomé A. Stem Cell-Derived β Cells: A Versatile Research Platform to Interrogate the Genetic Basis of β Cell Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:501. [PMID: 35008927 PMCID: PMC8745644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β cell dysfunction is a central component of diabetes progression. During the last decades, the genetic basis of several monogenic forms of diabetes has been recognized. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have also facilitated the identification of common genetic variants associated with an increased risk of diabetes. These studies highlight the importance of impaired β cell function in all forms of diabetes. However, how most of these risk variants confer disease risk, remains unanswered. Understanding the specific contribution of genetic variants and the precise role of their molecular effectors is the next step toward developing treatments that target β cell dysfunction in the era of personalized medicine. Protocols that allow derivation of β cells from pluripotent stem cells, represent a powerful research tool that allows modeling of human development and versatile experimental designs that can be used to shed some light on diabetes pathophysiology. This article reviews different models to study the genetic basis of β cell dysfunction, focusing on the recent advances made possible by stem cell applications in the field of diabetes research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bartolomé
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Dabi YT, Degechisa ST. Genome Editing and Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Technologies for in vitro Monogenic Diabetes Modeling. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:1785-1797. [PMID: 35719247 PMCID: PMC9199525 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s366967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Polygenic diabetes, which encompasses type-1 and type-2 diabetes, is the most prevalent kind of diabetes and is caused by a combination of different genetic and environmental factors, whereas rare phenotype monogenic diabetes is caused by a single gene mutation. Monogenic diabetes includes Neonatal diabetes mellitus and Maturity-onset diabetes of the young. The majority of our current knowledge about the pathogenesis of diabetes stems from studies done on animal models. However, the genetic difference between these creatures and humans makes it difficult to mimic human clinical pathophysiology, limiting their value in modeling key aspects of human disease. Human pluripotent stem cell technologies combined with genome editing techniques have been shown to be better alternatives for creating in vitro models that can provide crucial knowledge about disease etiology. This review paper addresses genome editing and human pluripotent stem cell technologies for in vitro monogenic diabetes modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Tsegaye Dabi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Yosef Tsegaye Dabi, Email
| | - Sisay Teka Degechisa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
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Kahraman S, Dirice E, Basile G, Diegisser D, Alam J, Johansson BB, Gupta MK, Hu J, Huang L, Soh CL, Huangfu D, Muthuswamy SK, Raeder H, Molven A, Kulkarni RN. Abnormal exocrine-endocrine cell cross-talk promotes β-cell dysfunction and loss in MODY8. Nat Metab 2022; 4:76-89. [PMID: 35058633 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00516-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MODY8 (maturity-onset diabetes of the young, type 8) is a dominantly inherited monogenic form of diabetes associated with mutations in the carboxyl ester lipase (CEL) gene expressed by pancreatic acinar cells. MODY8 patients develop childhood-onset exocrine pancreas dysfunction followed by diabetes during adulthood. However, it is unclear how CEL mutations cause diabetes. In the present study, we report the transfer of CEL proteins from acinar cells to β-cells as a form of cross-talk between exocrine and endocrine cells. Human β-cells show a relatively higher propensity for internalizing the mutant versus the wild-type CEL protein. After internalization, the mutant protein forms stable intracellular aggregates leading to β-cell secretory dysfunction. Analysis of pancreas sections from a MODY8 patient reveals the presence of CEL protein in the few extant β-cells. The present study provides compelling evidence for the mechanism by which a mutant gene expressed specifically in acinar cells promotes dysfunction and loss of β-cells to cause diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevim Kahraman
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ercument Dirice
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College of Medicine, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Giorgio Basile
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danielle Diegisser
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College of Medicine, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Jahedul Alam
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bente B Johansson
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Manoj K Gupta
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiang Hu
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ling Huang
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chew-Li Soh
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Danwei Huangfu
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Senthil K Muthuswamy
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helge Raeder
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Molven
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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14
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Abstract
This review focuses on the human pancreatic islet-including its structure, cell composition, development, function, and dysfunction. After providing a historical timeline of key discoveries about human islets over the past century, we describe new research approaches and technologies that are being used to study human islets and how these are providing insight into human islet physiology and pathophysiology. We also describe changes or adaptations in human islets in response to physiologic challenges such as pregnancy, aging, and insulin resistance and discuss islet changes in human diabetes of many forms. We outline current and future interventions being developed to protect, restore, or replace human islets. The review also highlights unresolved questions about human islets and proposes areas where additional research on human islets is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Walker
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Diane C Saunders
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Marcela Brissova
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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15
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George MN, Leavens KF, Gadue P. Genome Editing Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Model β-Cell Disease and Unmask Novel Genetic Modifiers. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:682625. [PMID: 34149620 PMCID: PMC8206553 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.682625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A mechanistic understanding of the genetic basis of complex diseases such as diabetes mellitus remain elusive due in large part to the activity of genetic disease modifiers that impact the penetrance and/or presentation of disease phenotypes. In the face of such complexity, rare forms of diabetes that result from single-gene mutations (monogenic diabetes) can be used to model the contribution of individual genetic factors to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and the breakdown of glucose homeostasis. Here we review the contribution of protein coding and non-protein coding genetic disease modifiers to the pathogenesis of diabetes subtypes, as well as how recent technological advances in the generation, differentiation, and genome editing of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) enable the development of cell-based disease models. Finally, we describe a disease modifier discovery platform that utilizes these technologies to identify novel genetic modifiers using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) derived from patients with monogenic diabetes caused by heterozygous mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N. George
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Karla F. Leavens
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Paul Gadue
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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16
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Heller S, Melzer MK, Azoitei N, Julier C, Kleger A. Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Go Diabetic: A Glimpse on Monogenic Variants. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:648284. [PMID: 34079523 PMCID: PMC8166226 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.648284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, as one of the major diseases in industrial countries, affects over 350 million people worldwide. Type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are the most common forms with both types having invariable genetic influence. It is accepted that a subset of all diabetes patients, generally estimated to account for 1-2% of all diabetic cases, is attributed to mutations in single genes. As only a subset of these genes has been identified and fully characterized, there is a dramatic need to understand the pathophysiological impact of genetic determinants on β-cell function and pancreatic development but also on cell replacement therapies. Pluripotent stem cells differentiated along the pancreatic lineage provide a valuable research platform to study such genes. This review summarizes current perspectives in applying this platform to study monogenic diabetes variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Heller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Karl Melzer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ninel Azoitei
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cécile Julier
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR-8104, Paris, France
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
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17
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Batista TM, Haider N, Kahn CR. Defining the underlying defect in insulin action in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2021; 64:994-1006. [PMID: 33730188 PMCID: PMC8916220 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is one of the earliest defects in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Over the past 50 years, elucidation of the insulin signalling network has provided important mechanistic insights into the abnormalities of glucose, lipid and protein metabolism that underlie insulin resistance. In classical target tissues (liver, muscle and adipose tissue), insulin binding to its receptor initiates a broad signalling cascade mediated by changes in phosphorylation, gene expression and vesicular trafficking that result in increased nutrient utilisation and storage, and suppression of catabolic processes. Insulin receptors are also expressed in non-classical targets, such as the brain and endothelial cells, where it helps regulate appetite, energy expenditure, reproductive hormones, mood/behaviour and vascular function. Recent progress in cell biology and unbiased molecular profiling by mass spectrometry and DNA/RNA-sequencing has provided a unique opportunity to dissect the determinants of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome; best studied are extrinsic factors, such as circulating lipids, amino acids and other metabolites and exosomal microRNAs. More challenging has been defining the cell-intrinsic factors programmed by genetics and epigenetics that underlie insulin resistance. In this regard, studies using human induced pluripotent stem cells and tissues point to cell-autonomous alterations in signalling super-networks, involving changes in phosphorylation and gene expression both inside and outside the canonical insulin signalling pathway. Understanding how these multi-layered molecular networks modulate insulin action and metabolism in different tissues will open new avenues for therapy and prevention of type 2 diabetes and its associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago M Batista
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nida Haider
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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18
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Pellegrini S, Pipitone GB, Cospito A, Manenti F, Poggi G, Lombardo MT, Nano R, Martino G, Ferrari M, Carrera P, Sordi V, Piemonti L. Generation of β Cells from iPSC of a MODY8 Patient with a Novel Mutation in the Carboxyl Ester Lipase (CEL) Gene. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e2322-e2333. [PMID: 33417713 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) 8 is a rare form of monogenic diabetes characterized by a mutation in CEL (carboxyl ester lipase) gene, which leads to exocrine pancreas dysfunction, followed by β cell failure. Induced pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into functional β cells. Thus, β cells from MODY8 patients can be generated in vitro and used for disease modelling and cell replacement therapy. METHODS A genetic study was performed in a patient suspected of monogenic diabetes. RESULTS A novel heterozygous pathogenic variant in CEL (c.1818delC) was identified in the proband, allowing diagnosis of MODY8. Three MODY8-iPSC (induced pluripotent stem cell) clones were reprogrammed from skin fibroblasts of the patient, and their pluripotency and genomic stability confirmed. All 3 MODY8-iPSC differentiated into β cells following developmental stages. MODY8-iPSC-derived β cells were able to secrete insulin upon glucose dynamic perifusion. The CEL gene was not expressed in iPSCs nor during any steps of endocrine differentiation. CONCLUSION iPSC lines from a MODY8 patient with a novel pathogenic variant in the CEL gene were generated; they are capable of differentiation into endocrine cells, and β cell function is preserved in mutated cells. These results set the basis for in vitro modelling of the disease and potentially for autologous β cell replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pellegrini
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni B Pipitone
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Biology, Unit of Genomics for human disease diagnosis, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Manenti
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaia Poggi
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta T Lombardo
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Nano
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvito Martino
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ferrari
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Biology, Unit of Genomics for human disease diagnosis, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Carrera
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Biology, Unit of Genomics for human disease diagnosis, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Sordi
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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19
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Park SJ, Kwon W, Park S, Jeong J, Kim D, Jang S, Kim SY, Sung Y, Kim MO, Choi SK, Ryoo ZY. Jazf1 acts as a regulator of insulin-producing β-cell differentiation in induced pluripotent stem cells and glucose homeostasis in mice. FEBS J 2021; 288:4412-4427. [PMID: 33555104 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genetic susceptibility of type 2 diabetes and Juxtaposed with another zinc finger protein 1 (Jazf1) has been reported; however, the precise role of Jazf1 in metabolic processes remains elusive. In this study, using Jazf1-knockout (KO)-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), pancreatic beta cell line MIN6 cells, and Jazf-1 heterozygous KO (Jazf1+/- ) mice, the effect of Jazf1 on gradual differentiation was investigated. We checked the alterations of the genes related with β-cell specification, maturation, and insulin release against glucose treatment by the gain and loss of the Jazf1 gene in the MIN6 cells. Because undifferentiated Jazf1-KO iPSC were not significantly different from wild-type (WT) iPSC, the size and endoderm marker expression after embryoid body (EB) and teratoma formation were investigated. Compared to EB and teratomas formed with WT iPSC, the EB and teratomas from with Jazf1-KO iPSC were smaller, and in teratomas, the expression of proliferation markers was reduced. Moreover, the expression of the gene sets for β-cell differentiation and the levels of insulin and C-peptide secreted by insulin precursor cells were notably reduced in β-cells differentiated from Jazf1-KO iPSC compared with those differentiated from WT iPSC. A comparison of Jazf1+/- and WT mice showed that Jazf1+/- mice had lower levels of serum insulin, pancreatic insulin expression, and decreased pancreatic β-cell size, which resulted in defects in the glucose homeostasis. These findings suggest that Jazf1 plays a pivotal role in the differentiation of β-cells and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Jun Park
- School of Life Science, BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Wookbong Kwon
- School of Life Science, BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu, Korea
| | - Song Park
- Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jain Jeong
- Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, Daegu, Korea.,Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dongjun Kim
- School of Life Science, BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Soyoung Jang
- School of Life Science, BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Si-Yong Kim
- School of Life Science, BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yonghun Sung
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Korea
| | - Myoung Ok Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Korea
| | - Seong-Kyoon Choi
- Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu, Korea.,Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, Daegu, Korea
| | - Zae Young Ryoo
- School of Life Science, BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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20
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Abstract
Improved stem cell-derived pancreatic islet (SC-islet) differentiation protocols robustly generate insulin-secreting β cells from patient induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). These advances are enabling in vitro disease modeling studies and the development of an autologous diabetes cell replacement therapy. SC-islet technology elucidates key features of human pancreas development and diabetes disease progression through the generation of pancreatic progenitors, endocrine progenitors, and β cells derived from diabetic and nondiabetic iPSCs. Combining disease modeling with gene editing and next-generation sequencing reveals the impact of diabetes-causing mutations and diabetic phenotypes on multiple islet cell types. In addition, the supply of SC-islets, containing β and other islet cell types, is unlimited, presenting an opportunity for personalized medicine and overcoming several disadvantages posed by donor islets. This review highlights relevant studies involving iPSC-β cells and progenitors, encompassing new conclusions involving cells from patients with diabetes and the therapeutic potential of iPSC-β cells. Improved differentiation protocols generate pancreatic islet from patient stem cells Diabetic stem cell-derived islet studies identified key markers for cell function Gene editing aims to address unmet needs for stem cell therapy field Stem cell-derived islets are a promising source for diabetes stem cell therapy
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21
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Joshi K, Cameron F, Tiwari S, Mannering SI, Elefanty AG, Stanley EG. Modeling Type 1 Diabetes Using Pluripotent Stem Cell Technology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:635662. [PMID: 33868170 PMCID: PMC8047192 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.635662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology is increasingly being used to create in vitro models of monogenic human disorders. This is possible because, by and large, the phenotypic consequences of such genetic variants are often confined to a specific and known cell type, and the genetic variants themselves can be clearly identified and controlled for using a standardized genetic background. In contrast, complex conditions such as autoimmune Type 1 diabetes (T1D) have a polygenic inheritance and are subject to diverse environmental influences. Moreover, the potential cell types thought to contribute to disease progression are many and varied. Furthermore, as HLA matching is critical for cell-cell interactions in disease pathogenesis, any model that seeks to test the involvement of particular cell types must take this restriction into account. As such, creation of an in vitro model of T1D will require a system that is cognizant of genetic background and enables the interaction of cells representing multiple lineages to be examined in the context of the relevant environmental disease triggers. In addition, as many of the lineages critical to the development of T1D cannot be easily generated from iPSCs, such models will likely require combinations of cell types derived from in vitro and in vivo sources. In this review we imagine what an ideal in vitro model of T1D might look like and discuss how the required elements could be feasibly assembled using existing technologies. We also examine recent advances towards this goal and discuss potential uses of this technology in contributing to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying this autoimmune condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Joshi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
- Department of Cell Biology, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Fergus Cameron
- Department of Cell Biology, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Vic, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Vic, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Swasti Tiwari
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Stuart I. Mannering
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Vic, Australia
| | - Andrew G. Elefanty
- Department of Cell Biology, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Vic, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - Edouard G. Stanley
- Department of Cell Biology, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Vic, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
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22
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Elsayed AK, Vimalraj S, Nandakumar M, Abdelalim EM. Insulin resistance in diabetes: The promise of using induced pluripotent stem cell technology. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:221-235. [PMID: 33815671 PMCID: PMC8006014 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i3.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is associated with several metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes (T2D). The development of IR in insulin target tissues involves genetic and acquired factors. Persons at genetic risk for T2D tend to develop IR several years before glucose intolerance. Several rodent models for both IR and T2D are being used to study the disease pathogenesis; however, these models cannot recapitulate all the aspects of this complex disorder as seen in each individual. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can overcome the hurdles faced with the classical mouse models for studying IR. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be generated from the somatic cells of the patients without the need to destroy a human embryo. Therefore, patient-specific hiPSCs can generate cells genetically identical to IR individuals, which can help in distinguishing between genetic and acquired defects in insulin sensitivity. Combining the technologies of genome editing and hiPSCs may provide important information about the genetic factors underlying the development of different forms of IR. Further studies are required to fill the gaps in understanding the pathogenesis of IR and diabetes. In this review, we summarize the factors involved in the development of IR in the insulin-target tissues leading to diabetes. Also, we highlight the use of hPSCs to understand the mechanisms underlying the development of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed K Elsayed
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
| | | | - Manjula Nandakumar
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
| | - Essam M Abdelalim
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
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23
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Teo AKK, Nguyen L, Gupta MK, Lau HH, Loo LSW, Jackson N, Lim CS, Mallard W, Gritsenko MA, Rinn JL, Smith RD, Qian WJ, Kulkarni RN. Defective insulin receptor signaling in hPSCs skews pluripotency and negatively perturbs neural differentiation. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100495. [PMID: 33667549 PMCID: PMC8050001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells are a type of pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) that are used to investigate their differentiation into diverse mature cell types for molecular studies. The mechanisms underlying insulin receptor (IR)-mediated signaling in the maintenance of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) identity and cell fate specification are not fully understood. Here, we used two independent shRNAs to stably knock down IRs in two hPSC lines that represent pluripotent stem cells and explored the consequences on expression of key proteins in pathways linked to proliferation and differentiation. We consistently observed lowered pAKT in contrast to increased pERK1/2 and a concordant elevation in pluripotency gene expression. ERK2 chromatin immunoprecipitation, luciferase assays, and ERK1/2 inhibitors established direct causality between ERK1/2 and OCT4 expression. Of importance, RNA sequencing analyses indicated a dysregulation of genes involved in cell differentiation and organismal development. Mass spectrometry–based proteomic analyses further confirmed a global downregulation of extracellular matrix proteins. Subsequent differentiation toward the neural lineage reflected alterations in SOX1+PAX6+ neuroectoderm and FOXG1+ cortical neuron marker expression and protein localization. Collectively, our data underscore the role of IR-mediated signaling in maintaining pluripotency, the extracellular matrix necessary for the stem cell niche, and regulating cell fate specification including the neural lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Department of Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry and Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Linh Nguyen
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry and Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manoj K Gupta
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Department of Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hwee Hui Lau
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Larry Sai Weng Loo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Jackson
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Department of Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chang Siang Lim
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - William Mallard
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, and Broad Institute of MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marina A Gritsenko
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - John L Rinn
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, and Broad Institute of MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Department of Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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24
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Abdelalim EM. Modeling different types of diabetes using human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:2459-2483. [PMID: 33242105 PMCID: PMC11072720 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03710-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia as a result of progressive loss of pancreatic β cells, which could lead to several debilitating complications. Different paths, triggered by several genetic and environmental factors, lead to the loss of pancreatic β cells and/or function. Understanding these many paths to β cell damage or dysfunction could help in identifying therapeutic approaches specific for each path. Most of our knowledge about diabetes pathophysiology has been obtained from studies on animal models, which do not fully recapitulate human diabetes phenotypes. Currently, human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) technology is a powerful tool for generating in vitro human models, which could provide key information about the disease pathogenesis and provide cells for personalized therapies. The recent progress in generating functional hPSC-derived β cells in combination with the rapid development in genomic and genome-editing technologies offer multiple options to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the development of different types of diabetes. Recently, several in vitro hPSC-based strategies have been used for studying monogenic and polygenic forms of diabetes. This review summarizes the current knowledge about different hPSC-based diabetes models and how these models improved our current understanding of the pathophysiology of distinct forms of diabetes. Also, it highlights the progress in generating functional β cells in vitro, and discusses the current challenges and future perspectives related to the use of the in vitro hPSC-based strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam M Abdelalim
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar.
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Education City, Doha, Qatar.
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25
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Tan EE, Hopkins RA, Lim CK, Jamuar SS, Ong C, Thoon KC, Koh MJ, Shin EM, Lian DW, Weerasooriya M, Lee CZ, Soetedjo AAP, Lim CS, Au VB, Chua E, Lee HY, Jones LA, James SS, Kaliaperumal N, Kwok J, Tan ES, Thomas B, Wu LX, Ho L, Fairhurst AM, Ginhoux F, Teo AK, Zhang YL, Ong KH, Yu W, Venkatesh B, Tergaonkar V, Reversade B, Chin KC, Tan AM, Liew WK, Connolly JE. Dominant-negative NFKBIA mutation promotes IL-1β production causing hepatic disease with severe immunodeficiency. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:5817-5832. [PMID: 32750042 DOI: 10.1172/jci98882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although IKK-β has previously been shown as a negative regulator of IL-1β secretion in mice, this role has not been proven in humans. Genetic studies of NF-κB signaling in humans with inherited diseases of the immune system have not demonstrated the relevance of the NF-κB pathway in suppressing IL-1β expression. Here, we report an infant with a clinical pathology comprising neutrophil-mediated autoinflammation and recurrent bacterial infections. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a de novo heterozygous missense mutation of NFKBIA, resulting in a L34P IκBα variant that severely repressed NF-κB activation and downstream cytokine production. Paradoxically, IL-1β secretion was elevated in the patient's stimulated leukocytes, in her induced pluripotent stem cell-derived macrophages, and in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages containing the L34P mutation. The patient's hypersecretion of IL-1β correlated with activated neutrophilia and liver fibrosis with neutrophil accumulation. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation reversed neutrophilia, restored a resting state in neutrophils, and normalized IL-1β release from stimulated leukocytes. Additional therapeutic blockade of IL-1 ameliorated liver damage, while decreasing neutrophil activation and associated IL-1β secretion. Our studies reveal a previously unrecognized role of human IκBα as an essential regulator of canonical NF-κB signaling in the prevention of neutrophil-dependent autoinflammatory diseases. These findings also highlight the therapeutic potential of IL-1 inhibitors in treating complications arising from systemic NF-κB inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Ek Tan
- Department of Paediatric Subspecialties, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Richard A Hopkins
- Program in Translational Immunology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Chrissie K Lim
- Program in Translational Immunology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Saumya S Jamuar
- Department of Paediatric Subspecialties, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Christina Ong
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Department of Paediatrics and
| | - Koh C Thoon
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Department of Paediatrics and
| | - Mark Ja Koh
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Dermatology Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Eun Mong Shin
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore.,National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Derrick Wq Lian
- Department of Paediatric Subspecialties, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Madhushanee Weerasooriya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Veonice B Au
- Program in Translational Immunology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Edmond Chua
- Program in Translational Immunology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Hui Yin Lee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Leigh Ann Jones
- Program in Translational Immunology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Sharmy S James
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nivashini Kaliaperumal
- Program in Translational Immunology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Jeffery Kwok
- Program in Translational Immunology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Ee Shien Tan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Department of Paediatrics and
| | - Biju Thomas
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Department of Paediatrics and
| | - Lynn Xue Wu
- Program in Translational Immunology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Lena Ho
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore
| | | | | | - Adrian Kk Teo
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Yong Liang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kok Huar Ong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Weimiao Yu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore
| | | | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Laboratory of NF-κB Signaling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore.,Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Bruno Reversade
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Keh Chuang Chin
- Program in Translational Immunology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore.,Department of Physiology and
| | | | - Woei Kang Liew
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Department of Paediatrics and
| | - John E Connolly
- Program in Translational Immunology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore.,Department of Paediatrics and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunity, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University Medical Center, Waco, Texas, USA
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26
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Kahraman S, Manna D, Dirice E, Maji B, Small J, Wagner BK, Choudhary A, Kulkarni RN. Harnessing reaction-based probes to preferentially target pancreatic β-cells and β-like cells. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/4/e202000840. [PMID: 33514654 PMCID: PMC7898467 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly sensitive approaches to target insulin-expressing cells would allow more effective imaging, sorting, and analysis of pancreatic β-cells. Here, we introduce the use of a reaction-based probe, diacetylated Zinpyr1 (DA-ZP1), to image pancreatic β-cells and β-like cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells. We harness the high intracellular zinc concentration of β-cells to induce a fluorescence signal in cells after administration of DA-ZP1. Given its specificity and rapid uptake by cells, we used DA-ZP1 to purify live stem cell-derived β-like cells as confirmed by immunostaining analysis. We tested the ability of DA-ZP1 to image transplanted human islet grafts and endogenous mouse pancreatic islets in vivo after its systemic administration into mice. Thus, DA-ZP1 enables purification of insulin-secreting β-like cells for downstream applications, such as functional studies, gene-expression, and cell-cell interaction analyses and can be used to label engrafted human islets and endogenous mouse islets in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevim Kahraman
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Debasish Manna
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ercument Dirice
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Basudeb Maji
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonnell Small
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Chemical Biology Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bridget K Wagner
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amit Choudhary
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA .,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Chemical Biology Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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27
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MacFarlane EM, Bruin JE. Human Pluripotent Stem Cells: A Unique Tool for Toxicity Testing in Pancreatic Progenitor and Endocrine Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 11:604998. [PMID: 33542706 PMCID: PMC7851047 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.604998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes prevalence is increasing worldwide, and epidemiological studies report an association between diabetes incidence and environmental pollutant exposure. There are >84,000 chemicals in commerce, many of which are released into the environment without a clear understanding of potential adverse health consequences. While in vivo rodent studies remain an important tool for testing chemical toxicity systemically, we urgently need high-throughput screening platforms in biologically relevant models to efficiently prioritize chemicals for in depth toxicity analysis. Given the increasing global burden of obesity and diabetes, identifying chemicals that disrupt metabolism should be a high priority. Pancreatic endocrine cells are key regulators of systemic metabolism, yet often overlooked as a target tissue in toxicology studies. Immortalized β-cell lines and primary human, porcine, and rodent islets are widely used for studying the endocrine pancreas in vitro, but each have important limitations in terms of scalability, lifespan, and/or biological relevance. Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) culture is a powerful tool for in vitro toxicity testing that addresses many of the limitations with other β-cell models. Current in vitro differentiation protocols can efficiently generate glucose-responsive insulin-secreting β-like cells that are not fully mature, but still valuable for high-throughput toxicity screening in vitro. Furthermore, hPSCs can be applied as a model of developing pancreatic endocrine cells to screen for chemicals that influence endocrine cell formation during critical windows of differentiation. Given their versatility, we recommend using hPSCs to identify potential β-cell toxins, which can then be prioritized as chemicals of concern for metabolic disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer E. Bruin
- Department of Biology & Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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28
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Sim EZ, Shiraki N, Kume S. Recent progress in pancreatic islet cell therapy. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:1. [PMID: 33402224 PMCID: PMC7784351 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-020-00152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, are promising cell sources in regenerating pancreatic islets through in vitro directed differentiation. Recent progress in this research field has made it possible to generate glucose-responsive pancreatic islet cells from PSCs. Single-cell RNA sequencing techniques have been applied to analyze PSC-derived endocrine beta-cells, which are then compared with human islets. This has led to the identification of novel signaling pathways and molecules involved in lineage commitment during pancreatic differentiation and maturation processes. Single-cell transcriptomics are also used to construct a detailed map of in vivo endocrine differentiation of developing mouse embryos to study pancreatic islet development. Mimicking those occurring in vivo, it was reported that differentiating PSCs can generate similar islet cell structures, while metabolomics analysis highlighted key components involved in PSC-derived pancreatic islet cell function, providing information for the improvement of in vitro pancreatic maturation procedures. In addition, cell transplantation into diabetic animal models, together with the cell delivery system, is studied to ensure the therapeutic potentials of PSC-derived pancreatic islet cells. Combined with gene-editing technology, the engineered mutation-corrected PSC lines originated from diabetes patients could be differentiated into functional pancreatic islet cells, suggesting possible autologous cell therapy in the future. These PSC-derived pancreatic islet cells are a potential tool for studies of disease modeling and drug testing. Herein, we outlined the directed differentiation procedures of PSC-derived pancreatic islet cells, novel findings through transcriptome and metabolome studies, and recent progress in disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erinn Zixuan Sim
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-25 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Shiraki
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-25 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Shoen Kume
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-25 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan.
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29
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Braverman-Gross C, Benvenisty N. Modeling Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young in Pluripotent Stem Cells: Challenges and Achievements. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:622940. [PMID: 33692757 PMCID: PMC7937923 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.622940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY), is a group of monogenic diabetes disorders. Rodent models for MODY do not fully recapitulate the human phenotypes, calling for models generated in human cells. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), capable of differentiation towards pancreatic cells, possess a great opportunity to model MODY disorders in vitro. Here, we review the models for MODY diseases in hPSCs to date and the molecular lessons learnt from them. We also discuss the limitations and challenges that these types of models are still facing.
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30
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Batista TM, Jayavelu AK, Wewer Albrechtsen NJ, Iovino S, Lebastchi J, Pan H, Dreyfuss JM, Krook A, Zierath JR, Mann M, Kahn CR. A Cell-Autonomous Signature of Dysregulated Protein Phosphorylation Underlies Muscle Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes. Cell Metab 2020; 32:844-859.e5. [PMID: 32888406 PMCID: PMC7875546 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle insulin resistance is the earliest defect in type 2 diabetes (T2D), preceding and predicting disease development. To what extent this reflects a primary defect or is secondary to tissue cross talk due to changes in hormones or circulating metabolites is unknown. To address this question, we have developed an in vitro disease-in-a-dish model using iPS cells from T2D patients differentiated into myoblasts (iMyos). We find that T2D iMyos in culture exhibit multiple defects mirroring human disease, including an altered insulin signaling, decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, and reduced mitochondrial oxidation. More strikingly, global phosphoproteomic analysis reveals a multidimensional network of signaling defects in T2D iMyos going beyond the canonical insulin-signaling cascade, including proteins involved in regulation of Rho GTPases, mRNA splicing and/or processing, vesicular trafficking, gene transcription, and chromatin remodeling. These cell-autonomous defects and the dysregulated network of protein phosphorylation reveal a new dimension in the cellular mechanisms underlying the fundamental defects in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago M Batista
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ashok Kumar Jayavelu
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Nicolai J Wewer Albrechtsen
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Salvatore Iovino
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jasmin Lebastchi
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hui Pan
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jonathan M Dreyfuss
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Anna Krook
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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31
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Gupta MK, Vethe H, Softic S, Rao TN, Wagh V, Shirakawa J, Barsnes H, Vaudel M, Takatani T, Kahraman S, Sakaguchi M, Martinez R, Hu J, Bjørlykke Y, Raeder H, Kulkarni RN. Leptin Receptor Signaling Regulates Protein Synthesis Pathways and Neuronal Differentiation in Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:1067-1079. [PMID: 33125875 PMCID: PMC7664055 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of leptin receptor (OB-R) signaling in linking pluripotency with growth and development and the consequences of dysfunctional leptin signaling on progression of metabolic disease is poorly understood. Using a global unbiased proteomics approach we report that embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) carrying the db/db mutation exhibit metabolic abnormalities, while their reprogrammed induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) show altered expression of proteins involved in embryonic development. An upregulation in expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4e (Eif4e) and Stat3 binding to the Eif4e promoter was supported by enhanced protein synthesis in mutant iPSCs. Directed differentiation of db/db iPSCs toward the neuronal lineage showed defects. Gene editing to correct the point mutation in db/db iPSCs using CRISPR-Cas9, restored expression of neuronal markers and protein synthesis while reversing the metabolic defects. These data imply a direct role for OB-R in regulating metabolism in embryonic fibroblasts and key developmental pathways in iPSCs. Pluripotency markers are decreased in db/db iPSCs (lacking functional OB-R) Mouse db/db iPSCs exhibit higher protein synthesis mediated by the Stat3/Eif4e axis OB-R signaling regulates neuronal development markers—NOGGIN, NESTIN, GFAP CRISPR correction reverses defects in db/db iPSCs
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Gupta
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Heidrun Vethe
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen 5009, Norway
| | - Samir Softic
- Department of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tata Nageswara Rao
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; University Clinic of Hematology, Department of Biomedical Research, Inselspital Bern and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vilas Wagh
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jun Shirakawa
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Harald Barsnes
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen 5009, Norway; Proteomics Unit, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Marc Vaudel
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen 5009, Norway; Proteomics Unit, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Tomozumi Takatani
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sevim Kahraman
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Masaji Sakaguchi
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rachael Martinez
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jiang Hu
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yngvild Bjørlykke
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen 5009, Norway; Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Helge Raeder
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen 5009, Norway; Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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32
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Hu M, Cherkaoui I, Misra S, Rutter GA. Functional Genomics in Pancreatic β Cells: Recent Advances in Gene Deletion and Genome Editing Technologies for Diabetes Research. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:576632. [PMID: 33162936 PMCID: PMC7580382 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.576632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The inheritance of variants that lead to coding changes in, or the mis-expression of, genes critical to pancreatic beta cell function can lead to alterations in insulin secretion and increase the risk of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Recently developed clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas9) gene editing tools provide a powerful means of understanding the impact of identified variants on cell function, growth, and survival and might ultimately provide a means, most likely after the transplantation of genetically "corrected" cells, of treating the disease. Here, we review some of the disease-associated genes and variants whose roles have been probed up to now. Next, we survey recent exciting developments in CRISPR/Cas9 technology and their possible exploitation for β cell functional genomics. Finally, we will provide a perspective as to how CRISPR/Cas9 technology may find clinical application in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hu
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ines Cherkaoui
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shivani Misra
- Metabolic Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guy A. Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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33
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Oftedal BE, Wolff ASB. New era of therapy for endocrine autoimmune disorders. Scand J Immunol 2020; 92:e12961. [PMID: 32853446 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The new era of immune and reconstitution therapy of autoimmune disorders is ongoing. However, endocrine autoimmune diseases comprise a group of elaborating pathologies where the development of new treatment strategies remains slow. Substitution of the missing hormones is still standard practice, taking care of the devastating symptoms but not the cause of disease. As our knowledge of the genetic contribution to the aetiology of endocrine disorders increases and early diagnostic tools are available, it is now possible to identify persons at risk before they acquire full-blown disease. This review summarizes current knowledge and treatment of endocrine autoimmune disorders, focusing on type 1 diabetes, Addison's disease, autoimmune thyroid diseases and primary ovarian insufficiency. We explore which new therapies might be used in the different stages of the disease, focus on legalized therapy and elaborate on the ongoing clinical studies for these diseases and the research front, before hypothesizing on the way ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bergithe E Oftedal
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,KG Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anette S B Wolff
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,KG Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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New insights into human beta cell biology using human pluripotent stem cells. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 103:31-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Bioinformatic Analyses of miRNA-mRNA Signature during hiPSC Differentiation towards Insulin-Producing Cells upon HNF4α Mutation. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8070179. [PMID: 32605028 PMCID: PMC7400504 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8070179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) gene affect prenatal and postnatal pancreas development, being characterized by insulin-producing β-cell dysfunction. Little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to β-cell failure as result of HNF4α mutation. In this study, we compared the miRNA profile of differentiating human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) derived from HNF4α+/Δ mutation carriers and their family control along the differentiation timeline. Moreover, we associated this regulation with the corresponding transcriptome profile to isolate transcript–miRNA partners deregulated in the mutated cells. This study uncovered a steep difference in the miRNA regulation pattern occurring during the posterior foregut to pancreatic endoderm transition, defining early and late differentiation regulatory windows. The pathway analysis of the miRNAome–transcriptome interactions revealed a likely gradual involvement of HNF4α+/Δ mutation in p53-mediated cell cycle arrest, with consequences for the proliferation potential, survival and cell fate acquisition of the differentiating cells. The present study is based on bioinformatics approaches and we expect that, pending further experimental validation, certain miRNAs deregulated in the HNF4α+/Δ cells would prove useful for therapy.
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Kong CM, Arjunan S, Gan SU, Biswas A, Bongso A, Fong CY. Tissues derived from reprogrammed Wharton's jelly stem cells of the umbilical cord as a platform to study gestational diabetes mellitus. Stem Cell Res 2020; 47:101880. [PMID: 32622342 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been strongly associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in later child and adulthood. The human umbilical cord and its contents are of fetal origin and represent the fetus genetically and physiologically. Since it is not possible to obtain tissues from the fetus and newborn to investigate the association between GDM and later T2DM, we reprogrammed the stem cells from the Wharton's jelly of umbilical cords (hWJSCs) of GDM and non-GDM mothers into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and then differentiated the iPSCs into insulin-producing cells (IPCs) to provide pancreatic tissues that represent the fetus of GDM and normal mothers. These tissues are an attractive model to study the effects of glucose on the fetus. Interestingly, GDM-iPSCs had a decreased potential towards differentiation into IPCs. IPCs differentiated from GDM-iPSCs also had lower total insulin content and a lower capacity for insulin secretion to glucose stimulation compared to their normal-iPSC counterparts. This abnormal pathogenesis in GDM-iPSCs pancreatic differentiation recapitulates the pathology that may be observed in the infants of the diabetic mother (IDM) and while indicating adaptive mechanisms for fetal survival, may lead to the development of T2DM later in life. (199 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiou Mee Kong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System (NUHS), National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Subramanian Arjunan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System (NUHS), National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Shu Uin Gan
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System (NUHS), National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Arijit Biswas
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System (NUHS), National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Ariff Bongso
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System (NUHS), National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Chui-Yee Fong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System (NUHS), National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119228, Singapore
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Krentz NAJ, Gloyn AL. Insights into pancreatic islet cell dysfunction from type 2 diabetes mellitus genetics. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:202-212. [PMID: 32099086 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-0325-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an increasingly prevalent multifactorial disease that has both genetic and environmental risk factors, resulting in impaired glucose homeostasis. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified over 400 genetic signals that are associated with altered risk of T2DM. Human physiology and epigenomic data support a central role for the pancreatic islet in the pathogenesis of T2DM. This Review focuses on the promises and challenges of moving from genetic associations to molecular mechanisms and highlights efforts to identify the causal variant and effector transcripts at T2DM GWAS susceptibility loci. In addition, we examine current human models that are used to study both β-cell development and function, including EndoC-β cell lines and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived β-like cells. We use examples of four T2DM susceptibility loci (CDKAL1, MTNR1B, SLC30A8 and PAM) to emphasize how a holistic approach involving genetics, physiology, and cellular and developmental biology can disentangle disease mechanisms at T2DM GWAS signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A J Krentz
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Anna L Gloyn
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK.
- Stanford Diabetes Research Centre, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Mattis KK, Gloyn AL. From Genetic Association to Molecular Mechanisms for Islet-cell Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:1551-1578. [PMID: 31945378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified over 400 signals robustly associated with risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). At the vast majority of these loci, the lead single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) reside in noncoding regions of the genome, which hampers biological inference and translation of genetic discoveries into disease mechanisms. The study of these T2D risk variants in normoglycemic individuals has revealed that a significant proportion are exerting their disease risk through islet-cell dysfunction. The central role of the islet is also demonstrated by numerous studies, which have shown an enrichment of these signals in islet-specific epigenomic annotations. In recent years the emergence of authentic human beta-cell lines, and advances in genome-editing technologies coupled with improved protocols differentiating human pluripotent stem cells into beta-like cells has opened up new opportunities for T2D disease modeling. Here we review the current understanding on the genetic basis of T2D focusing on approaches, which have facilitated the identification of causal variants and their effector transcripts in human islets. We will present examples of functional studies based on animal and conventional cellular systems and highlight the potential of novel stem cell-based T2D disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia K Mattis
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Anna L Gloyn
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Oxford, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, UK; National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK.
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Loo LSW, Vethe H, Soetedjo AAP, Paulo JA, Jasmen J, Jackson N, Bjørlykke Y, Valdez IA, Vaudel M, Barsnes H, Gygi SP, Raeder H, Teo AKK, Kulkarni RN. Dynamic proteome profiling of human pluripotent stem cell-derived pancreatic progenitors. Stem Cells 2020; 38:542-555. [PMID: 31828876 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive characterization of the molecular processes controlling cell fate decisions is essential to derive stable progenitors and terminally differentiated cells that are functional from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Here, we report the use of quantitative proteomics to describe early proteome adaptations during hPSC differentiation toward pancreatic progenitors. We report that the use of unbiased quantitative proteomics allows the simultaneous profiling of numerous proteins at multiple time points, and is a valuable tool to guide the discovery of signaling events and molecular signatures underlying cellular differentiation. We also monitored the activity level of pathways whose roles are pivotal in the early pancreas differentiation, including the Hippo signaling pathway. The quantitative proteomics data set provides insights into the dynamics of the global proteome during the transition of hPSCs from a pluripotent state toward pancreatic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry Sai Weng Loo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
| | - Heidrun Vethe
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joanita Jasmen
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Jackson
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yngvild Bjørlykke
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ivan A Valdez
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marc Vaudel
- Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Harald Barsnes
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Helge Raeder
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore.,Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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40
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Demine S, Schiavo AA, Marín-Cañas S, Marchetti P, Cnop M, Eizirik DL. Pro-inflammatory cytokines induce cell death, inflammatory responses, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in human iPSC-derived beta cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:7. [PMID: 31900242 PMCID: PMC6942385 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adult human pancreatic beta cells are the “gold standard” for studies on diabetes pathogenesis, but their use is limited by insufficient availability and variable quality. An important effort has recently taken place to differentiate beta cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and validate their use for diabetes research. We presently used a 7-stage protocol to generate beta cells from human iPSC and evaluated whether these cells are responsive to the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFNγ, IL-1β, or IFNα) that play a role in type 1 diabetes. Methods The iPSC-derived islet-like cell clusters contained 40–50% beta and 10–15% alpha cells and expressed the receptors for IFNγ, IL-1β, or IFNα. Cells were exposed to either IFNγ (1000 U/mL) + IL-1β (50 U/mL) or IFNα alone (2000 U/mL) for 24/48 h. Apoptosis was quantified using Hoechst/propidium iodide staining or the RealTime Glo Apoptosis Kit (Promega). After treatment, CXCL10 secretion was quantified by ELISA. The expression of multiples genes (Ins, Gcg, Nkx2.2, Nkx6.1, Pdx1, Mafa, BiP, Chop, Atf3, CXCL10, CXCL9, CCL5, and HLA-ABC) was quantified by RT-qPCR. Phosphorylation state and total expression of STAT1/STAT2, as well as expression of PDL1 and of the ER chaperone BiP, were quantified by Western blotting. The co-localization of HLA-ABC or cleaved caspase-3 and Ins/Gcg expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The presence of HLA-ABC at the plasma membrane was measured by flow cytometry. Results IFNγ + IL-1β and IFNα induced apoptosis of the cells after 48 h of exposure. Cleaved caspase-3 co-localized mostly but not exclusively with Ins+ cells. Exposure to IFNγ + IL-1β induced a pro-inflammatory phenotype, including increased CXCL10, CXCL9, and CCL5 expression; CXCL10 secretion; and HLA-ABC expression. HLA overexpression was confirmed at the protein level by Western blotting and flow cytometry. Exposure to IFNγ + IL-1β (but not IFNα) also induced beta cell dedifferentiation and endoplasmic reticulum stress (increase in BiP, Chop, and Atf3 mRNA expression). Phosphorylation of STAT1 was stimulated already after 1 h by IFNγ + IL-1β and IFNα, while phosphorylation of STAT2 was only activated by IFNα at 1–4 h. PDL1 expression was increased by both IFNγ + IL-1β and IFNα. Conclusions Our data show that human iPSC-derived beta cells respond to pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β + IFNγ and IFNα, by activating the same pathogenic processes as adult human primary beta cells. These cells thus represent a valuable tool for future research on the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Demine
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808-CP618, 1070, Brussels, Belgium. .,Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Andrea Alex Schiavo
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808-CP618, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandra Marín-Cañas
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808-CP618, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808-CP618, 1070, Brussels, Belgium.,Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808-CP618, 1070, Brussels, Belgium.,Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Kachamakova-Trojanowska N, Stepniewski J, Dulak J. Human iPSCs-Derived Endothelial Cells with Mutation in HNF1A as a Model of Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111440. [PMID: 31739614 PMCID: PMC6912300 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with HNF1A-maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) often develop endothelial dysfunction and related microvascular complications, like retinopathy. As the clinical phenotype of HNF1A-MODY diabetes varies considerably, we used human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from two healthy individuals (control) to generate isogenic lines with mutation in HNF1A gene. Subsequently, control hiPSCs and their respective HNF1A clones were differentiated toward endothelial cells (hiPSC-ECs) and different markers/functions were compared. Human iPSC-ECs from all cell lines showed similar expression of CD31 and Tie-2. VE-cadherin expression was lower in HNF1A-mutated isogenic lines, but only in clones derived from one control hiPSCs. In the other isogenic set and cells derived from HNF1A-MODY patients, no difference in VE-cadherin expression was observed, suggesting the impact of the genetic background on this endothelial marker. All tested hiPSC-ECs showed an expected angiogenic response regardless of the mutation introduced. Isogenic hiPSC-ECs responded similarly to stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α with the increase in ICAM-1 and permeability, however, HNF1A mutated hiPSC-ECs showed higher permeability in comparison to the control cells. Summarizing, both mono- and biallelic mutations of HNF1A in hiPSC-ECs lead to increased permeability in response to TNF-α in normal glycemic conditions, which may have relevance to HNF1A-MODY microvascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neli Kachamakova-Trojanowska
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48126646412
| | - Jacek Stepniewski
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Jozef Dulak
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
- Kardio-Med Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
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Wang X, Hassan W, Zhao J, Bakht S, Nie Y, Wang Y, Pang Q, Huang Z. The impact of hepatocyte nuclear factor-1α on liver malignancies and cell stemness with metabolic consequences. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:315. [PMID: 31685031 PMCID: PMC6829964 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1438-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha (HNF-1α) is a transcription factor expressed predominantly in the liver among other organs. Structurally, it contains POU-homeodomain that binds to DNA and form proteins that help in maintaining cellular homeostasis, controlling metabolism, and differentiating cell lineages. Scientific research over the period of three decades has reported it as an important player in various liver malignancies such as hepatocellular cancers (HCCs), hepatocellular adenoma (HA), and a more specific HNF-1α-inactivated human hepatocellular adenoma (H-HCAs). Abundant clinical and rodent data have noted the downregulation of HNF-1α in parallel with liver malignancies. It is also interesting to notice that the co-occurrence of mutated HNF-1α expression and hepatic carcinomas transpires typically along with metabolic repercussion. Moreover, scientific data implies that HNF-1α exerts its effects on cell stemness and hence can indirectly impact liver malignancies and metabolic functioning. The effects of HNF-1α on cell stemness present a future opportunity to explore a possible and potential breakthrough. Although the mechanism through which inactivated HNF-1α leads to hepatic malignancies remain largely obscure, several key signal molecules or pathways, including TNF-α, SHP-1, CDH17, SIRT, and MIA-2, have been reported to take part in the regulations of HNF-1α. It can be concluded from the present scientific data that HNF-1α has a great potential to serve as a target for liver malignancies and cell stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Waseem Hassan
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jing Zhao
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Sahar Bakht
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Yunjuan Nie
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214062, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingfeng Pang
- Department of physiopathology, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Zhaohui Huang
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China. .,Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214062, Jiangsu, China.
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43
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Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Endoderm for Modeling Development and Clinical Applications. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 22:485-499. [PMID: 29625066 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The liver, lung, pancreas, and digestive tract all originate from the endoderm germ layer, and these vital organs are subject to many life-threatening diseases affecting millions of patients. However, primary cells from endodermal organs are often difficult to grow in vitro. Human pluripotent stem cells thus hold great promise for generating endoderm cells and their derivatives as tools for the development of new therapeutics against a variety of global healthcare challenges. Here we describe recent advances in methods for generating endodermal cell types from human pluripotent stem cells and their use for disease modeling and cell-based therapy.
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Yabe SG, Nishida J, Fukuda S, Takeda F, Nasiro K, Yasuda K, Iwasaki N, Okochi H. Expression of mutant mRNA and protein in pancreatic cells derived from MODY3- iPS cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217110. [PMID: 31145732 PMCID: PMC6542550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a heterozygous monogenic diabetes; more than 14 disease genes have been identified. However, the pathogenesis of MODY is not fully understood because the patients' pancreatic beta cells are inaccessible. To elucidate the pathology of MODY, we established MODY3 patient-derived iPS (MODY3-iPS) cells using non-integrating Sendai virus (SeV) vector and examined the mutant mRNA and protein of HNF1A (Hepatocyte Nuclear factor 1A) after pancreatic lineage differentiation. Our patient had a cytosine insertion in the HNF1A gene (P291fsinsC) causing frameshift and making a premature termination codon (PTC). We confirmed these MODY3-iPS cells possessed the characteristics of pluripotent stem cells. After we differentiated them into pancreatic beta cells, transcripts of HNF1A gene were cloned and sequenced. We found that P291fsinsC mutant transcripts were much less frequent than wild ones, but they increased after adding cycloheximide (CHX) to the medium. These results suggested that mutant mRNA was destroyed by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). Moreover, we were not able to detect any band of mutant proteins in pancreatic lineage cells which were differentiated from MODY3-iPSCs by western blot (WB) analysis. A scarcity of the truncated form of mutant protein may indicate that MODY3 might be caused by a haplo-insufficiency effect rather than a dominant negative manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeharu G. Yabe
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Nishida
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satsuki Fukuda
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fujie Takeda
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Nasiro
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yasuda
- Department of Metabolic Disorders, Diabetes Research Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Iwasaki
- Institute of Geriatrics, Diabetes Center, Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okochi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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45
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Ng NHJ, Jasmen JB, Lim CS, Lau HH, Krishnan VG, Kadiwala J, Kulkarni RN, Ræder H, Vallier L, Hoon S, Teo AKK. HNF4A Haploinsufficiency in MODY1 Abrogates Liver and Pancreas Differentiation from Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. iScience 2019; 16:192-205. [PMID: 31195238 PMCID: PMC6562146 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young 1 (MODY1) is a monogenic diabetes condition caused by heterozygous HNF4A mutations. We investigate how HNF4A haploinsufficiency from a MODY1/HNF4A mutation influences the development of foregut-derived liver and pancreatic cells through differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells from a MODY1 family down the foregut lineage. In MODY1-derived hepatopancreatic progenitors, which expressed reduced HNF4A levels and mislocalized HNF4A, foregut genes were downregulated, whereas hindgut-specifying HOX genes were upregulated. MODY1-derived hepatocyte-like cells were found to exhibit altered morphology. Hepatic and β cell gene signatures were also perturbed in MODY1-derived hepatocyte-like and β-like cells, respectively. As mutant HNF4A (p.Ile271fs) did not undergo complete nonsense-mediated decay or exert dominant negativity, HNF4A-mediated loss of function is likely due to impaired transcriptional activation of target genes. Our results suggest that in MODY1, liver and pancreas development is perturbed early on, contributing to altered hepatic proteins and β cell defects in patients. HNF4A is downregulated and predominantly mislocalized in the cytoplasm in MODY1 Foregut markers, pancreatic and hepatic genes, were downregulated in MODY1-HPPs A reciprocal upregulation of hindgut HOX genes was observed in MODY1-HPPs Mutant HNF4A resulted in loss of transcriptional activation of target genes
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Hui Jin Ng
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Joanita Binte Jasmen
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Chang Siang Lim
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Hwee Hui Lau
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | | | - Juned Kadiwala
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Helge Ræder
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Shawn Hoon
- Molecular Engineering Lab, A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry and Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore.
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46
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Rogal J, Zbinden A, Schenke-Layland K, Loskill P. Stem-cell based organ-on-a-chip models for diabetes research. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 140:101-128. [PMID: 30359630 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) ranks among the severest global health concerns of the 21st century. It encompasses a group of chronic disorders characterized by a dysregulated glucose metabolism, which arises as a consequence of progressive autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta-cells (type 1 DM), or as a result of beta-cell dysfunction combined with systemic insulin resistance (type 2 DM). Human cohort studies have provided evidence of genetic and environmental contributions to DM; yet, these studies are mostly restricted to investigating statistical correlations between DM and certain risk factors. Mechanistic studies, on the other hand, aimed at re-creating the clinical picture of human DM in animal models. A translation to human biology is, however, often inadequate owing to significant differences between animal and human physiology, including the species-specific glucose regulation. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of advanced human in vitro models with the potential to identify novel treatment options for DM. This review provides an overview of the technological advances in research on DM-relevant stem cells and their integration into microphysiological environments as provided by the organ-on-a-chip technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rogal
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, Silcherstrasse 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Nobelstrasse 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Aline Zbinden
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, Silcherstrasse 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, Silcherstrasse 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; The Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI) at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 675 Charles E. Young Drive South, MRL 3645, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Peter Loskill
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, Silcherstrasse 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Nobelstrasse 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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47
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Kumar SA, Delgado M, Mendez VE, Joddar B. Applications of stem cells and bioprinting for potential treatment of diabetes. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:13-32. [PMID: 30705712 PMCID: PMC6354103 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there does not exist a strategy that can reduce diabetes and scientists are working towards a cure and innovative approaches by employing stem cell-based therapies. On the other hand, bioprinting technology is a novel therapeutic approach that aims to replace the diseased or lost β-cells, insulin-secreting cells in the pancreas, which can potentially regenerate damaged organs such as the pancreas. Stem cells have the ability to differentiate into various cell lines including insulin-producing cells. However, there are still barriers that hamper the successful differentiation of stem cells into β-cells. In this review, we focus on the potential applications of stem cell research and bioprinting that may be targeted towards replacing the β-cells in the pancreas and may offer approaches towards treatment of diabetes. This review emphasizes on the applicability of employing both stem cells and other cells in 3D bioprinting to generate substitutes for diseased β-cells and recover lost pancreatic functions. The article then proceeds to discuss the overall research done in the field of stem cell-based bioprinting and provides future directions for improving the same for potential applications in diabetic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Anil Kumar
- Inspired Materials and Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Monica Delgado
- Inspired Materials and Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Victor E Mendez
- Inspired Materials and Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Binata Joddar
- Inspired Materials and Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
- Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, United States.
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48
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Acquisition of Dynamic Function in Human Stem Cell-Derived β Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:351-365. [PMID: 30661993 PMCID: PMC6372986 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) differentiation protocols have generated insulin-producing cells resembling pancreatic β cells. While these stem cell-derived β (SC-β) cells are capable of undergoing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), insulin secretion per cell remains low compared with islets and cells lack dynamic insulin release. Herein, we report a differentiation strategy focused on modulating transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling, controlling cellular cluster size, and using an enriched serum-free media to generate SC-β cells that express β cell markers and undergo GSIS with first- and second-phase dynamic insulin secretion. Transplantation of these cells into mice greatly improves glucose tolerance. These results reveal that specific time frames for inhibiting and permitting TGF-β signaling are required during SC-β cell differentiation to achieve dynamic function. The capacity of these cells to undergo GSIS with dynamic insulin release makes them a promising cell source for diabetes cellular therapy. Development of differentiation protocol to β-like cells with enhanced function TGF-β signaling promotes acquisition of dynamic function in maturing β-like cells Transplanted cells rapidly restore glucose tolerance in mice
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Balboa D, Saarimäki-Vire J, Otonkoski T. Concise Review: Human Pluripotent Stem Cells for the Modeling of Pancreatic β-Cell Pathology. Stem Cells 2018; 37:33-41. [PMID: 30270471 PMCID: PMC7379656 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic β‐cells are the only source of insulin. Disturbances in β‐cell development or function may thus result in insulin deficiency or excess, presenting as hyper‐ or hypoglycemia. It is increasingly evident that common forms of diabetes (types 1 and 2) are pathogenically heterogeneous. Development of efficient therapies is dependent on reliable disease models. Although animal models are remarkably useful research tools, they present limitations because of species differences. As an alternative, human pluripotent stem cell technologies offer multiple possibilities for the study of human diseases in vitro. In the last decade, advances in the derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells from diabetic patients, combined with β‐cell differentiation protocols, have resulted in the generation of useful disease models for diabetes. First disease models have been focusing on monogenic diabetes. The development of genome editing technologies, more advanced differentiation protocols and humanized mouse models based on transplanted cells have opened new horizons for the modeling of more complex forms of β‐cell dysfunction. We present here the incremental progress made in the modeling of diabetes using pluripotent stem cells. We discuss the current challenges and opportunities of these approaches to dissect β‐cell pathology and devise new pharmacological and cell replacement therapies. stem cells2019;37:33–41
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Balboa
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Stem Cell Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jonna Saarimäki-Vire
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Stem Cell Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Otonkoski
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Stem Cell Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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50
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Jacobson EF, Tzanakakis ES. Who Will Win: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Versus Embryonic Stem Cells for β Cell Replacement and Diabetes Disease Modeling? Curr Diab Rep 2018; 18:133. [PMID: 30343423 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-018-1109-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Ever since the reprogramming of human fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), scientists have been trying to determine if hiPSCs can give rise to progeny akin to native terminally differentiated cells as human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) do. Many different somatic cell types have been successfully reprogrammed via a variety of methods. In this review, we will discuss recent studies comparing hiPSCs and hESCs and their ability to differentiate to desired cell types as well as explore diabetes disease models. RECENT FINDINGS Both somatic cell origin and the reprogramming method are important to the epigenetic state of the hiPSCs; however, genetic background contributes the most to differences seen between hiPSCs and hESCs. Based on our review of the relevant literature, hiPSCs display differences compared to hESCs, including a higher propensity for specification toward particular cell types based on memory retained from the somatic cell of origin. Moreover, hiPSCs provide a unique opportunity for creating diabetes disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena F Jacobson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Science and Technology Center, Room 276A, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Emmanuel S Tzanakakis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Science and Technology Center, Room 276A, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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