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Vogel M, Engeroff P. A Comparison of Natural and Therapeutic Anti-IgE Antibodies. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:58. [PMID: 39051334 PMCID: PMC11270207 DOI: 10.3390/antib13030058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) plays a critical role for the immune system, fighting against parasites, toxins, and cancer. However, when it reacts to allergens without proper regulation, it can cause allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, through a process initiated by effector cells such as basophils and mast cells. These cells display IgE on their surface, bound to the high-affinity IgE receptor FcεRI. A cross-linking antigen then triggers degranulation and the release of inflammatory mediators from the cells. Therapeutic monoclonal anti-IgE antibodies such as omalizumab, disrupt this process and are used to manage IgE-related conditions such as severe allergic asthma and chronic spontaneous urticaria. Interestingly, naturally occurring anti-IgE autoantibodies circulate at surprisingly high levels in healthy humans and mice and may thus be instrumental in regulating IgE activity. Although many open questions remain, recent studies have shed new light on their role as IgE regulators and their mechanism of action. Here, we summarize the latest insights on natural anti-IgE autoantibodies, and we compare their functional features to therapeutic monoclonal anti-IgE autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Vogel
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hosptial of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paul Engeroff
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hosptial of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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2
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Portacci A, Iorillo I, Maselli L, Amendolara M, Quaranta VN, Dragonieri S, Carpagnano GE. The Role of Galectins in Asthma Pathophysiology: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:4271-4285. [PMID: 38785528 PMCID: PMC11119966 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a group of β-galactoside-binding proteins with several roles in immune response, cellular adhesion, and inflammation development. Current evidence suggest that these proteins could play a crucial role in many respiratory diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer, and respiratory infections. From this standpoint, an increasing body of evidence have recognized galectins as potential biomarkers involved in several aspects of asthma pathophysiology. Among them, galectin-3 (Gal-3), galectin-9 (Gal-9), and galectin-10 (Gal-10) are the most extensively studied in human and animal asthma models. These galectins can affect T helper 2 (Th2) and non-Th2 inflammation, mucus production, airway responsiveness, and bronchial remodeling. Nevertheless, while higher Gal-3 and Gal-9 concentrations are associated with a stronger degree of Th-2 phlogosis, Gal-10, which forms Charcot-Leyden Crystals (CLCs), correlates with sputum eosinophilic count, interleukin-5 (IL-5) production, and immunoglobulin E (IgE) secretion. Finally, several galectins have shown potential in clinical response monitoring after inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and biologic therapies, confirming their potential role as reliable biomarkers in patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Portacci
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (I.I.); (L.M.); (M.A.); (S.D.); (G.E.C.)
| | - Ilaria Iorillo
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (I.I.); (L.M.); (M.A.); (S.D.); (G.E.C.)
| | - Leonardo Maselli
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (I.I.); (L.M.); (M.A.); (S.D.); (G.E.C.)
| | - Monica Amendolara
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (I.I.); (L.M.); (M.A.); (S.D.); (G.E.C.)
| | | | - Silvano Dragonieri
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (I.I.); (L.M.); (M.A.); (S.D.); (G.E.C.)
| | - Giovanna Elisiana Carpagnano
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (I.I.); (L.M.); (M.A.); (S.D.); (G.E.C.)
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3
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Muchowicz A, Bartoszewicz A, Zaslona Z. The Exploitation of the Glycosylation Pattern in Asthma: How We Alter Ancestral Pathways to Develop New Treatments. Biomolecules 2024; 14:513. [PMID: 38785919 PMCID: PMC11117584 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Asthma has reached epidemic levels, yet progress in developing specific therapies is slow. One of the main reasons for this is the fact that asthma is an umbrella term for various distinct subsets. Due to its high heterogeneity, it is difficult to establish biomarkers for each subset of asthma and to propose endotype-specific treatments. This review focuses on protein glycosylation as a process activated in asthma and ways to utilize it to develop novel biomarkers and treatments. We discuss known and relevant glycoproteins whose functions control disease development. The key role of glycoproteins in processes integral to asthma, such as inflammation, tissue remodeling, and repair, justifies our interest and research in the field of glycobiology. Altering the glycosylation states of proteins contributing to asthma can change the pathological processes that we previously failed to inhibit. Special emphasis is placed on chitotriosidase 1 (CHIT1), an enzyme capable of modifying LacNAc- and LacdiNAc-containing glycans. The expression and activity of CHIT1 are induced in human diseased lungs, and its pathological role has been demonstrated by both genetic and pharmacological approaches. We propose that studying the glycosylation pattern and enzymes involved in glycosylation in asthma can help in patient stratification and in developing personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zbigniew Zaslona
- Molecure S.A., Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland; (A.M.); (A.B.)
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4
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Bashir S, Aiman A, Shahid M, Chaudhary AA, Sami N, Basir SF, Hassan I, Islam A. Amyloid-induced neurodegeneration: A comprehensive review through aggregomics perception of proteins in health and pathology. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102276. [PMID: 38499161 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Amyloidosis of protein caused by fibrillation and aggregation are some of the most exciting new edges not only in protein sciences but also in molecular medicines. The present review discusses recent advancements in the field of neurodegenerative diseases and therapeutic applications with ongoing clinical trials, featuring new areas of protein misfolding resulting in aggregation. The endogenous accretion of protein fibrils having fibrillar morphology symbolizes the beginning of neuro-disorders. Prognostic amyloidosis is prominent in numerous degenerative infections such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), etc. However, the molecular basis determining the intracellular or extracellular evidence of aggregates, playing a significant role as a causative factor in neurodegeneration is still unclear. Structural conversions and protein self-assembly resulting in the formation of amyloid oligomers and fibrils are important events in the pathophysiology of the disease. This comprehensive review sheds light on the evolving landscape of potential treatment modalities, highlighting the ongoing clinical trials and the potential socio-economic impact of novel therapeutic interventions in the realm of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, many drugs are undergoing different levels of clinical trials that would certainly help in treating these disorders and will surely improve the socio-impact of human life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sania Bashir
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Ayesha Aiman
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Mohammad Shahid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Anis Ahmad Chaudhary
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Neha Sami
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Seemi Farhat Basir
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
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5
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Troncoso MF, Elola MT, Blidner AG, Sarrias L, Espelt MV, Rabinovich GA. The universe of galectin-binding partners and their functions in health and disease. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105400. [PMID: 37898403 PMCID: PMC10696404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins, a family of evolutionarily conserved glycan-binding proteins, play key roles in diverse biological processes including tissue repair, adipogenesis, immune cell homeostasis, angiogenesis, and pathogen recognition. Dysregulation of galectins and their ligands has been observed in a wide range of pathologic conditions including cancer, autoimmune inflammation, infection, fibrosis, and metabolic disorders. Through protein-glycan or protein-protein interactions, these endogenous lectins can shape the initiation, perpetuation, and resolution of these processes, suggesting their potential roles in disease monitoring and treatment. However, despite considerable progress, a full understanding of the biology and therapeutic potential of galectins has not been reached due to their diversity, multiplicity of cell targets, and receptor promiscuity. In this article, we discuss the multiple galectin-binding partners present in different cell types, focusing on their contributions to selected physiologic and pathologic settings. Understanding the molecular bases of galectin-ligand interactions, particularly their glycan-dependency, the biochemical nature of selected receptors, and underlying signaling events, might contribute to designing rational therapeutic strategies to control a broad range of pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F Troncoso
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María T Elola
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ada G Blidner
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Sarrias
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María V Espelt
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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6
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Shekari N, Shanehbandi D, Kazemi T, Zarredar H, Baradaran B, Jalali SA. VISTA and its ligands: the next generation of promising therapeutic targets in immunotherapy. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:265. [PMID: 37936192 PMCID: PMC10631023 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is a novel negative checkpoint receptor (NCR) primarily involved in maintaining immune tolerance. It has a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders and cancer and has shown promising results as a therapeutic target. However, there is still some ambiguity regarding the ligands of VISTA and their interactions with each other. While V-Set and Immunoglobulin domain containing 3 (VSIG-3) and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1(PSGL-1) have been extensively studied as ligands for VISTA, the others have received less attention. It seems that investigating VISTA ligands, reviewing their functions and roles, as well as outcomes related to their interactions, may allow an understanding of their full functionality and effects within the cell or the microenvironment. It could also help discover alternative approaches to target the VISTA pathway without causing related side effects. In this regard, we summarize current evidence about VISTA, its related ligands, their interactions and effects, as well as their preclinical and clinical targeting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najibeh Shekari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Dariush Shanehbandi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tohid Kazemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Habib Zarredar
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Seyed Amir Jalali
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Chongsaritsinsuk J, Steigmeyer AD, Mahoney KE, Rosenfeld MA, Lucas TM, Smith CM, Li A, Ince D, Kearns FL, Battison AS, Hollenhorst MA, Judy Shon D, Tiemeyer KH, Attah V, Kwon C, Bertozzi CR, Ferracane MJ, Lemmon MA, Amaro RE, Malaker SA. Glycoproteomic landscape and structural dynamics of TIM family immune checkpoints enabled by mucinase SmE. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6169. [PMID: 37794035 PMCID: PMC10550946 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41756-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucin-domain glycoproteins are densely O-glycosylated and play critical roles in a host of biological functions. In particular, the T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing family of proteins (TIM-1, -3, -4) decorate immune cells and act as key regulators in cellular immunity. However, their dense O-glycosylation remains enigmatic, primarily due to the challenges associated with studying mucin domains. Here, we demonstrate that the mucinase SmE has a unique ability to cleave at residues bearing very complex glycans. SmE enables improved mass spectrometric analysis of several mucins, including the entire TIM family. With this information in-hand, we perform molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of TIM-3 and -4 to understand how glycosylation affects structural features of these proteins. Finally, we use these models to investigate the functional relevance of glycosylation for TIM-3 function and ligand binding. Overall, we present a powerful workflow to better understand the detailed molecular structures and functions of the mucinome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Keira E Mahoney
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Mia A Rosenfeld
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Taryn M Lucas
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Courtney M Smith
- Yale Cancer Biology Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Alice Li
- Yale Cancer Biology Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Deniz Ince
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Fiona L Kearns
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | - Marie A Hollenhorst
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - D Judy Shon
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Katherine H Tiemeyer
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Victor Attah
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Catherine Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | - Mark A Lemmon
- Yale Cancer Biology Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Rommie E Amaro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Stacy A Malaker
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
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8
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Plattner K, Bachmann MF, Vogel M. On the complexity of IgE: The role of structural flexibility and glycosylation for binding its receptors. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1117611. [PMID: 37056355 PMCID: PMC10089267 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1117611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that immunoglobulin E (IgE) plays a crucial role in atopy by binding to two types of Fcε receptors (FcεRI and FcεRII, also known as CD23). The cross-linking of FcεRI-bound IgE on effector cells, such as basophils and mast cells, initiates the allergic response. Conversely, the binding of IgE to CD23 modulates IgE serum levels and antigen presentation. In addition to binding to FcεRs, IgE can also interact with other receptors, such as certain galectins and, in mice, some FcγRs. The binding strength of IgE to its receptors is affected by its valency and glycosylation. While FcεRI shows reduced binding to IgE immune complexes (IgE-ICs), the binding to CD23 is enhanced. There is no evidence that galectins bind IgE-ICs. On the other hand, IgE glycosylation plays a crucial role in the binding to FcεRI and galectins, whereas the binding to CD23 seems to be independent of glycosylation. In this review, we will focus on receptors that bind to IgE and examine how the glycosylation and complexation of IgE impact their binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Plattner
- Department of Immunology, University Clinic for Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research Bern (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin F. Bachmann
- Department of Immunology, University Clinic for Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research Bern (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Monique Vogel
- Department of Immunology, University Clinic for Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research Bern (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence: Monique Vogel
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9
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Rahmati A, Bigam S, Elahi S. Galectin-9 promotes natural killer cells activity via interaction with CD44. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1131379. [PMID: 37006235 PMCID: PMC10060867 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1131379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a potent innate source of cytokines and cytoplasmic granules. Their effector functions are tightly synchronized by the balance between the stimulatory and inhibitory receptors. Here, we quantified the proportion of NK cells and the surface presence of Galectin-9 (Gal-9) from the bone marrow, blood, liver, spleen, and lungs of adult and neonatal mice. We also examined the effector functions of Gal-9+NK cells compared with their Gal-9- counterparts. Our results revealed that Gal-9+NK cells are more abundant in tissues, in particular, in the liver than in the blood and bone marrow. We found Gal-9 presence was associated with enhanced cytotoxic effector molecules granzyme B (GzmB) and perforin expression. Likewise, Gal-9 expressing NK cells displayed greater IFN-γ and TNF-α expression than their negative counterparts under hemostatic circumstances. Notably, the expansion of Gal-9+NK cells in the spleen of mice infected with E. coli implies that Gal-9+NK cells may provide a protective role against infection. Similarly, we found the expansion of Gal-9+NK cells in the spleen and tumor tissues of melanoma B16-F10 mice. Mechanistically, our results revealed the interaction of Gal-9 with CD44 as noted by their co-expression/co-localization. Subsequently, this interaction resulted in enhanced expression of Phospho-LCK, ERK, Akt, MAPK, and mTOR in NK cells. Moreover, we found Gal-9+NK cells exhibited an activated phenotype as evidenced by increased CD69, CD25, and Sca-1 but reduced KLRG1 expression. Likewise, we found Gal-9 preferentially interacts with CD44high in human NK cells. Despite this interaction, we noted a dichotomy in terms of effector functions in NK cells from COVID-19 patients. We observed that the presence of Gal-9 on NK cells resulted in a greater IFN-γ expression without any changes in cytolytic molecule expression in these patients. These observations suggest differences in Gal-9+NK cell effector functions between mice and humans that should be considered in different physiological and pathological conditions. Therefore, our results highlight the important role of Gal-9 via CD44 in NK cell activation, which suggests Gal-9 is a potential new avenue for the development of therapeutic approaches to modulate NK cell effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Rahmati
- School of Dentistry, Division of Foundational Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Steven Bigam
- School of Dentistry, Division of Foundational Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- School of Dentistry, Division of Foundational Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Shokrollah Elahi,
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10
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Steinert C, Moñino‐Romero S, Butze M, Scheffel J, Dölle‐Bierke S, Dobbertin‐Welsch J, Beyer K, Maurer M, Altrichter S. Soluble IgE-binding factors in the serum of food-allergic patients: Possible pathophysiological role of soluble FcεRI as protective factor. Clin Transl Allergy 2023; 13:e12222. [PMID: 36825516 PMCID: PMC9904993 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgE-mediated food allergy is the result of an aberrant immune response involving the interaction of a food allergen with its specific IgE bound to FcɛRI, the high affinity IgE receptor, on mast cells. Allergen-specific IgE also binds to soluble binding factors, but, their expression and role in food allergy is not well characterized. Here, we assess the prevalence and relevance of soluble IgE binding factors in food allergy and tolerance. METHODS We measured serum levels of four IgE binding factors, that is, galectin-3, galectin-9, soluble FcɛRI (sFcεRI) and soluble CD23 (sCD23) in 67 adults sensitized to peanut or hazelnut and sFcɛRI in 29 children sensitized to hen's egg. Adults without food allergen sensitization (n = 17) served as healthy controls. We compared serum levels of patients and controls and assessed them, in the former, for links to clinical features including allergy and tolerance. RESULTS Serum levels of sFcɛRI and sCD23, but not galectin-3 and galectin-9, significantly differ in food-sensitized patients as compared to healthy controls. A subgroup (28%) of peanut and hazelnut allergic patients had elevated sFcεRI levels, that were associated with higher total and specific IgE levels. Furthermore, sFcεRI levels were significantly higher in tolerant subjects compared to allergics. Among hazelnut allergic patients, those with high sFcεRI levels tolerated the highest protein amounts in the oral food challenge. CONCLUSION sFcɛRI but not sCD23, galectin-3 and galectin-9 might play a role in the pathophysiology of food allergy. Its functional role or use as biomarker should be assessed in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Steinert
- Institute of AllergologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinFreie Universität Berlin und Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany,Allergology and ImmunologyFraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMPBerlinGermany,Department of Biology, Chemistry and PharmacyFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Sherezade Moñino‐Romero
- Institute of AllergologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinFreie Universität Berlin und Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany,Allergology and ImmunologyFraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMPBerlinGermany
| | - Monique Butze
- Institute of AllergologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinFreie Universität Berlin und Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany,Allergology and ImmunologyFraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMPBerlinGermany,University of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
| | - Jörg Scheffel
- Institute of AllergologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinFreie Universität Berlin und Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany,Allergology and ImmunologyFraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMPBerlinGermany
| | - Sabine Dölle‐Bierke
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Venerology and AllergyDepartment of DermatologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinFreie Universität Berlin und Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Josefine Dobbertin‐Welsch
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care MedicineCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinFreie Universität Berlin und Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Kirsten Beyer
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care MedicineCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinFreie Universität Berlin und Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Institute of AllergologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinFreie Universität Berlin und Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany,Allergology and ImmunologyFraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMPBerlinGermany
| | - Sabine Altrichter
- Institute of AllergologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinFreie Universität Berlin und Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany,Allergology and ImmunologyFraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMPBerlinGermany,Department for Dermatology and VenerologyKepler University HospitalLinzAustria
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11
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Deka Dey A, Yousefiasl S, Kumar A, Dabbagh Moghaddam F, Rahimmanesh I, Samandari M, Jamwal S, Maleki A, Mohammadi A, Rabiee N, Cláudia Paiva‐Santos A, Tamayol A, Sharifi E, Makvandi P. miRNA-encapsulated abiotic materials and biovectors for cutaneous and oral wound healing: Biogenesis, mechanisms, and delivery nanocarriers. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10343. [PMID: 36684081 PMCID: PMC9842058 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as therapeutic agents have attracted increasing interest in the past decade owing to their significant effectiveness in treating a wide array of ailments. These polymerases II-derived noncoding RNAs act through post-transcriptional controlling of different proteins and their allied pathways. Like other areas of medicine, researchers have utilized miRNAs for managing acute and chronic wounds. The increase in the number of patients suffering from either under-healing or over-healing wound demonstrates the limited efficacy of the current wound healing strategies and dictates the demands for simpler approaches with greater efficacy. Various miRNA can be designed to induce pathway beneficial for wound healing. However, the proper design of miRNA and its delivery system for wound healing applications are still challenging due to their limited stability and intracellular delivery. Therefore, new miRNAs are required to be identified and their delivery strategy needs to be optimized. In this review, we discuss the diverse roles of miRNAs in various stages of wound healing and provide an insight on the most recent findings in the nanotechnology and biomaterials field, which might offer opportunities for the development of new strategies for this chronic condition. We also highlight the advances in biomaterials and delivery systems, emphasizing their challenges and resolutions for miRNA-based wound healing. We further review various biovectors (e.g., adenovirus and lentivirus) and abiotic materials such as organic and inorganic nanomaterials, along with dendrimers and scaffolds, as the delivery systems for miRNA-based wound healing. Finally, challenges and opportunities for translation of miRNA-based strategies into clinical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satar Yousefiasl
- School of DentistryHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Arun Kumar
- Chitkara College of PharmacyChitkara UniversityPunjabIndia
| | - Farnaz Dabbagh Moghaddam
- Department of Biology, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, National Research Council, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 100RomeItaly
| | - Ilnaz Rahimmanesh
- Applied Physiology Research CenterCardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | | | - Sumit Jamwal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of MedicineYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Aziz Maleki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of PharmacyZanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjanIran
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC)Zanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjanIran
- Cancer Research CentreShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of PhysicsSharif University of TechnologyTehranIran
- School of EngineeringMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva‐Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical TechnologyFaculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Pharmaceutical TechnologyFaculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of ConnecticutFarmingtonConnecticutUSA
| | - Esmaeel Sharifi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and TechnologiesHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Materials InterfacesPontederaItaly
- School of Chemistry, Damghan UniversityDamghanIran
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12
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Ayechu-Muruzabal V, de Boer M, Blokhuis B, Berends AJ, Garssen J, Kraneveld AD, van’t Land B, Willemsen LEM. Epithelial-derived galectin-9 containing exosomes contribute to the immunomodulatory effects promoted by 2'-fucosyllactose and short-chain galacto- and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1026031. [PMID: 36685520 PMCID: PMC9846635 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1026031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Early life exposure to non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO) or microbial components is known to affect immune development. NDO in combination with a TLR9 agonist mimicking bacterial triggers (CpG) promoted the secretion of galectins through unknown pathways. We aimed to study the contribution of exosomes in epithelial galectin secretion and subsequent immunoregulation upon exposure to a mixture of NDO by inhibiting exosome biogenesis. Methods Human intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) (FHs 74 Int or HT-29) were apically exposed to 2'-fucosyllactose (2'FL) and short-chain galacto- and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (GF), alone or with CpG. Basolaterally, non-activated or αCD3/CD28-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were added. After 24 h incubation, IEC were washed and incubated in fresh medium to analyze epithelial-derived galectin secretion. Additionally, before exposure to NDO and CpG, IEC were exposed to GW4869 to inhibit exosome biogenesis. After 24 h of incubation, IEC were washed and incubated for additional 24 h in the presence of GW4869, after which epithelial-derived galectin secretion was studied. Also, epithelial-derived exosomes were isolated to study the presence of galectins within the exosomes. Results Compared to CpG alone, exposure to 2'FL/GF mixture and CpG, significantly enhanced Th1-type IFNγ, and regulatory IEC-derived galectin-9 secretion in the HT-29/PBMC model. Similarly, in the FHs 74 Int/PBMC co-culture, 2'FL/GF induced immunomodulatory effects in the absence of CpG. Interestingly, galectin-9 and -4 were present in CD63-expressing exosomes isolated from HT-29 supernatants after IEC/PBMC co-culture. Exposure to GW4869 suppressed 2'FL/GF and CpG induced epithelial-derived galectin-9 secretion, which subsequently prevented the rise in IL-10 and reduction in IL-13 secretion observed in the HT-29/PBMC co-culture model upon exposure to 2'FL/GF and CpG. Discussion Exposure to 2'FL/GF and CpG or 2'FL/GF promoted Th1-type regulatory effects in HT-29/PBMC or FHs 74 Int/PBMC co-culture respectively, while Th2-type IL-13 was reduced in association with increased galectin-9 release. Galectin-9 and -4 were present in exosomes from HT-29 and the inhibition of exosome biogenesis inhibited epithelial-derived galectin secretion. This, also affected immunomodulatory effects in IEC/PBMC co-culture suggesting a key role of galectin expressing IEC-derived exosomes in the mucosal immune regulation induced by NDO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Ayechu-Muruzabal
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Merel de Boer
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Bart Blokhuis
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alinda J. Berends
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aletta D. Kraneveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Belinda van’t Land
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, The Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Linette E. M. Willemsen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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13
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Plattner K, Gharailoo Z, Zinkhan S, Engeroff P, Bachmann MF, Vogel M. IgE glycans promote anti-IgE IgG autoantibodies that facilitate IgE serum clearance via Fc Receptors. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1069100. [PMID: 36544773 PMCID: PMC9761184 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1069100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have shown that IgE glycosylation significantly impacts the ability of IgE to bind to its high-affinity receptor FcεRI and exert effector functions. We have recently demonstrated that immunizing mice with IgE in a complex with an allergen leads to a protective, glycan-dependent anti-IgE response. However, to what extent the glycans on IgE determine the induction of those antibodies and how they facilitate serum clearance is unclear.Therefore, we investigated the role of glycan-specific anti-IgE IgG autoantibodies in regulating serum IgE levels and preventing systemic anaphylaxis by passive immunization. Methods Mice were immunized using glycosylated or deglycosylated IgE-allergen-immune complexes (ICs) to induce anti-IgE IgG antibodies. The anti-IgE IgG antibodies were purified and used for passive immunization. Results Glycosylated IgE-ICs induced a significantly higher anti-IgE IgG response and more IgG-secreting plasma cells than deglycosylated IgE-ICs. Passive immunization of IgE-sensitized mice with purified anti-IgE IgG increased the clearance of IgE and prevented systemic anaphylaxis upon allergen challenge. Anti-IgE IgG purified from the serum of mice immunized with deglycosylated IgE-ICs, led to a significantly reduced elimination and protection, confirming that the IgE glycans themselves are the primary drivers of the protectivity induced by the IgE-immune complexes. Conclusion IgE glycosylation is essential for a robust anti-IgE IgG response and might be an important regulator of serum IgE levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Plattner
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital for Rheumatology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland,Department of Biomedical Research (DBMR), University Clinic for Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Zahra Gharailoo
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital for Rheumatology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland,Department of Biomedical Research (DBMR), University Clinic for Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon Zinkhan
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital for Rheumatology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland,Department of Biomedical Research (DBMR), University Clinic for Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paul Engeroff
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital for Rheumatology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin F. Bachmann
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital for Rheumatology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland,Department of Biomedical Research (DBMR), University Clinic for Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland,Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Monique Vogel
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital for Rheumatology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland,Department of Biomedical Research (DBMR), University Clinic for Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Monique Vogel,
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14
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Tomizawa H, Yamada Y, Arima M, Miyabe Y, Fukuchi M, Hikichi H, Melo RCN, Yamada T, Ueki S. Galectin-10 as a Potential Biomarker for Eosinophilic Diseases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101385. [PMID: 36291593 PMCID: PMC9599181 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-10 is a member of the lectin family and one of the most abundant cytoplasmic proteins in human eosinophils. Except for some myeloid leukemia cells, basophils, and minor T cell populations, galectin-10 is exclusively present in eosinophils in the human body. Galectin-10 forms Charcot–Leyden crystals, which are observed in various eosinophilic diseases. Accumulating studies have indicated that galectin-10 acts as a new biomarker for disease activity, diagnosis, and treatment effectiveness in asthma, eosinophilic esophagitis, rhinitis, sinusitis, atopic dermatitis, and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. The extracellular release of galectin-10 is not mediated through conventional secretory processes (piecemeal degranulation or exocytosis), but rather by extracellular trap cell death (ETosis), which is an active cell death program. Eosinophils undergoing ETosis rapidly disintegrate their plasma membranes to release the majority of galectin-10. Therefore, elevated galectin-10 levels in serum and tissue suggest a high degree of eosinophil ETosis. To date, several studies have shown that galectin-10/Charcot–Leyden crystals are more than just markers for eosinophilic inflammation, but play functional roles in immunity. In this review, we focus on the close relationship between eosinophils and galectin-10, highlighting this protein as a potential new biomarker in eosinophilic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tomizawa
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Yamada
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Misaki Arima
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yui Miyabe
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Mineyo Fukuchi
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Haruka Hikichi
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Rossana C. N. Melo
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Takechiyo Yamada
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Ueki
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-18-884-6209
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15
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Donskow-Łysoniewska K, Maruszewska-Cheruiyot M, Krawczak-Wójcik K, Gonzalez JF, Hernández JN, Stear MJ. Nematode galectin binds IgE and modulates mast cell activity. Vet Parasitol 2022; 311:109807. [PMID: 36155863 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mast cell degranulation is the major mechanism influencing establishment and survival of the abomasal nematode Teladorsagia circumcincta and probably many other gastrointestinal nematodes. Host galectins-3 and -9 have been shown to bind IgE and positively and negatively influence mast cell degranulation. As incoming nematodes produce large amounts of galectin, we hypothesised that nematode galectin competes with host galectin and inhibits mast cell degranulation. ELISA was used to show that nematode galectin reduced total IgE activity. Galectin also reduced the binding of sheep IgE to the surface of a mast cell line and decreased the release of LCT-4 and Beta hexosaminidase but not MMP-9. These results indicate that nematode galectin influences mast cell degranulation and identify a potential immunomodulatory mechanism used by nematodes to enhance their establishment and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Donskow-Łysoniewska
- Laboratory of Parasitology, General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Maruszewska-Cheruiyot
- Laboratory of Parasitology, General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Krawczak-Wójcik
- Laboratory of Parasitology, General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jorge F Gonzalez
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña S/N, Arucas, Spain
| | - Julia N Hernández
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña S/N, Arucas, Spain
| | - Michael J Stear
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, Agribio, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
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16
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Radovani B, Gudelj I. N-Glycosylation and Inflammation; the Not-So-Sweet Relation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:893365. [PMID: 35833138 PMCID: PMC9272703 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.893365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is the main feature of many long-term inflammatory diseases such as autoimmune diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. There is a growing number of studies in which alterations of N-glycosylation have been observed in many pathophysiological conditions, yet studies of the underlying mechanisms that precede N-glycome changes are still sparse. Proinflammatory cytokines have been shown to alter the substrate synthesis pathways as well as the expression of glycosyltransferases required for the biosynthesis of N-glycans. The resulting N-glycosylation changes can further contribute to disease pathogenesis through modulation of various aspects of immune cell processes, including those relevant to pathogen recognition and fine-tuning the inflammatory response. This review summarizes our current knowledge of inflammation-induced N-glycosylation changes, with a particular focus on specific subsets of immune cells of innate and adaptive immunity and how these changes affect their effector functions, cell interactions, and signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Radovani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ivan Gudelj
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
- *Correspondence: Ivan Gudelj,
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17
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Colas L, Magnan A, Brouard S. Immunoglobulin E response in health and disease beyond allergic disorders. Allergy 2022; 77:1700-1718. [PMID: 35073421 DOI: 10.1111/all.15230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E is the latest discovered of immunoglobulin family and has been long associated with anaphylaxis and worm expulsion. Immunoglobulin E, along with mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils, is also a hallmark of type 2 immunity which is dysregulated in numerous diseases such as asthma, rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and eosinophilic esophagitis in addition to anaphylaxis as aforementioned. However, recent advances have shed light on IgE regulation and memory explaining the low level of free IgE, the scarcity of IgE plasma cells that are mainly short live and the absence of IgE memory B cells in homeostatic conditions. Furthermore, IgE was implicated in inflammatory conditions beyond allergic disorders where IgE-mediated facilitated antigen presentation can enhance cellular and humoral response against autoantigens in systemic lupus or chronic urticaria leading to more severe disease and even against neoantigen facilitating tumor cell lysis. At last, IgE was unexpectedly associated with allograft rejection or atheromatous cardiovascular diseases where precise mechanisms remain to be deciphered. The purpose of this review is to summarize these recent advances in IgE regulation, biology, and physiopathology beyond allergic diseases opening whole new fields of IgE biology to explore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Colas
- Plateforme Transversale d'Allergologie et d'immunologie Clinique PFTA Clinique dermatologique CHU de Nantes Nantes France
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology Nantes France
| | - Antoine Magnan
- Hôpital Foch, Suresnes; Université de Versailles Saint‐Quentin Paris‐Saclay; INRAe Paris France
| | - Sophie Brouard
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology Nantes France
- Labex IGO Nantes France
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique en Biothérapie Centre de ressources biologiques (CRB) Nantes France
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18
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Mizuno M. Novel mechanism of dietary fiber passing through the intestine. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.69.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Mizuno
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
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19
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Alam R, Biswas S, Haque F, Pathan MT, Imon RR, Talukder MEK, Samad A, Asseri AH, Ahammad F. A systematic analysis of ATPase Cation transporting 13A2 (ATP13A2) transcriptional expression and prognostic value in human brain cancer. Biomed Signal Process Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2021.103183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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20
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Ferns GA, Shahini Shams Abadi M, Raeisi A, Arjmand MH. The Potential Role of Changes in the Glucose and Lipid Metabolic Pathways in Gastrointestinal Cancer Progression: Strategy in Cancer Therapy. Gastrointest Tumors 2021; 8:169-176. [PMID: 34722470 DOI: 10.1159/000517771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Changes in cell metabolism are a well-known feature of some cancers, and this may be involved in the etiology of tumor formation and progression, as well as tumor heterogeneity. These changes may affect fatty acid metabolism and glycolysis and are required to provide the increase in energy necessary for the high rate of proliferation of cancer cells. Gastrointestinal cancers remain a difficult-to-treat cancer, particularly as they are usually diagnosed at a late stage of disease and are associated with poor outcomes. Summary Recently, the changes in the metabolic pathways, including the expression of the rate-limiting enzymes involved, have been considered to be a potential target for therapy for gastrointestinal tumors. Key Message A combination of routine chemotherapy drugs with metabolic inhibitors may improve the effectiveness of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Milad Shahini Shams Abadi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ahmad Raeisi
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Hajar Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Hassan Arjmand
- Cancer Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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21
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Phosphatidylserine binding directly regulates TIM-3 function. Biochem J 2021; 478:3331-3349. [PMID: 34435619 PMCID: PMC8454703 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Co-signaling receptors for the T cell receptor (TCR) are important therapeutic targets, with blockade of co-inhibitory receptors such as PD-1 now central in immuno-oncology. Advancing additional therapeutic immune modulation approaches requires understanding ligand regulation of other co-signaling receptors. One poorly understood potential therapeutic target is TIM-3 (T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing-3). Which of TIM-3's several proposed regulatory ligands is/are relevant for signaling is unclear, and different studies have reported TIM-3 as a co-inhibitory or co-stimulatory receptor in T cells. Here, we show that TIM-3 promotes NF-κB signaling and IL-2 secretion following TCR stimulation in Jurkat cells, and that this activity is regulated by binding to phosphatidylserine (PS). TIM-3 signaling is stimulated by PS exposed constitutively in cultured Jurkat cells, and can be blocked by mutating the PS-binding site or by occluding this site with an antibody. We also find that TIM-3 signaling alters CD28 phosphorylation. Our findings clarify the importance of PS as a functional TIM-3 ligand, and may inform the future exploitation of TIM-3 as a therapeutic target.
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22
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Unraveling How Tumor-Derived Galectins Contribute to Anti-Cancer Immunity Failure. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184529. [PMID: 34572756 PMCID: PMC8469970 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This review compiles our current knowledge of one of the main pathways activated by tumors to escape immune attack. Indeed, it integrates the current understanding of how tumor-derived circulating galectins affect the elicitation of effective anti-tumor immunity. It focuses on several relevant topics: which are the main galectins produced by tumors, how soluble galectins circulate throughout biological liquids (taking a body-settled gradient concentration into account), the conditions required for the galectins’ functions to be accomplished at the tumor and tumor-distant sites, and how the physicochemical properties of the microenvironment in each tissue determine their functions. These are no mere semantic definitions as they define which functions can be performed in said tissues instead. Finally, we discuss the promising future of galectins as targets in cancer immunotherapy and some outstanding questions in the field. Abstract Current data indicates that anti-tumor T cell-mediated immunity correlates with a better prognosis in cancer patients. However, it has widely been demonstrated that tumor cells negatively manage immune attack by activating several immune-suppressive mechanisms. It is, therefore, essential to fully understand how lymphocytes are activated in a tumor microenvironment and, above all, how to prevent these cells from becoming dysfunctional. Tumors produce galectins-1, -3, -7, -8, and -9 as one of the major molecular mechanisms to evade immune control of tumor development. These galectins impact different steps in the establishment of the anti-tumor immune responses. Here, we carry out a critical dissection on the mechanisms through which tumor-derived galectins can influence the production and the functionality of anti-tumor T lymphocytes. This knowledge may help us design more effective immunotherapies to treat human cancers.
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Kumar S, Basu M, Ghosh MK. Chaperone-assisted E3 ligase CHIP: A double agent in cancer. Genes Dis 2021; 9:1521-1555. [PMID: 36157498 PMCID: PMC9485218 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The carboxy-terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein (CHIP) is a ubiquitin ligase and co-chaperone belonging to Ubox family that plays a crucial role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis by switching the equilibrium of the folding-refolding mechanism towards the proteasomal or lysosomal degradation pathway. It links molecular chaperones viz. HSC70, HSP70 and HSP90 with ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), acting as a quality control system. CHIP contains charged domain in between N-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) and C-terminal Ubox domain. TPR domain interacts with the aberrant client proteins via chaperones while Ubox domain facilitates the ubiquitin transfer to the client proteins for ubiquitination. Thus, CHIP is a classic molecule that executes ubiquitination for degradation of client proteins. Further, CHIP has been found to be indulged in cellular differentiation, proliferation, metastasis and tumorigenesis. Additionally, CHIP can play its dual role as a tumor suppressor as well as an oncogene in numerous malignancies, thus acting as a double agent. Here, in this review, we have reported almost all substrates of CHIP established till date and classified them according to the hallmarks of cancer. In addition, we discussed about its architectural alignment, tissue specific expression, sub-cellular localization, folding-refolding mechanisms of client proteins, E4 ligase activity, normal physiological roles, as well as involvement in various diseases and tumor biology. Further, we aim to discuss its importance in HSP90 inhibitors mediated cancer therapy. Thus, this report concludes that CHIP may be a promising and worthy drug target towards pharmaceutical industry for drug development.
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24
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Tanaka S, Furuta K. Roles of IgE and Histamine in Mast Cell Maturation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082170. [PMID: 34440939 PMCID: PMC8392195 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are activated upon immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated antigen stimulation, and release a wide variety of mediators, including histamine to trigger inflammatory responses. The surface expression levels of Fcε receptor I (FcεRI), a high affinity receptor of IgE, were found to be positively regulated by IgE. IgE could protect murine cultured mast cells from apoptotic cell death induced by the deprivation of interleukin-3 and a certain kind of IgE could activate immature mast cells in the absence of antigens, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a transient increase in histamine synthesis. Histamine synthesis in mast cells was found to be required for the maturation of murine connective tissue-type mast cells, raising the possibility that IgE indirectly modulates local mast cell maturation. Although it remains controversial to what extent this concept of "monomeric IgE effects" could have relevance in the modulation of human mast cell functions, the therapeutic effects of anti-IgE antibodies might be accounted for in terms of the decreased serum IgE concentrations. Because drastic increases in serum IgE concentrations are often observed in patients with atopic dermatitis and chronic urticaria, a close investigation of the roles of IgE in mast cell maturation should contribute to development of novel therapeutic approaches for these inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi Nakauchi-cho 5, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-75-595-4667
| | - Kazuyuki Furuta
- Department of Immunobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsushima naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;
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25
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Ando T, Kitaura J. Tuning IgE: IgE-Associating Molecules and Their Effects on IgE-Dependent Mast Cell Reactions. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071697. [PMID: 34359869 PMCID: PMC8305778 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent emergence of anti-immunoglobulin E (IgE) drugs and their candidates for humans has endorsed the significance of IgE-dependent pathways in allergic disorders. IgE is distributed locally in the tissues or systemically to confer a sensory mechanism in a domain of adaptive immunity to the otherwise innate type of effector cells, namely, mast cells and basophils. Bound on the high-affinity IgE receptor FcεRI, IgE enables fast memory responses against revisiting threats of venoms, parasites, and bacteria. However, the dysregulation of IgE-dependent reactions leads to potentially life-threatening allergic diseases, such as asthma and anaphylaxis. Therefore, reactivity of the IgE sensor is fine-tuned by various IgE-associating molecules. In this review, we discuss the mechanistic basis for how IgE-dependent mast cell activation is regulated by the IgE-associating molecules, including the newly developed therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Ando
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.A.); (J.K.); Tel.: +81-3-5802-1591 (T.A. & J.K.)
| | - Jiro Kitaura
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Science of Allergy and Inflammation, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.A.); (J.K.); Tel.: +81-3-5802-1591 (T.A. & J.K.)
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26
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Szklany K, Kraneveld AD, Tiemessen MM, Garssen J, Knippels LMJ. Nutritional Interventions to Prevent the Development of Atopic Diseases: A Focus on Cow's Milk Allergy. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 268:471-486. [PMID: 34085122 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In the western world the prevalence of atopic diseases such as food allergies is increasing highly significantly. One of the earliest and most prevalent food allergies occurring in the first year of life is cow's milk allergy. No treatment is available and only avoidance of the cow's milk allergens prevents the occurrence of an allergic reaction. Since cow's milk allergic children have an increased risk of developing other allergies later in life, investigating nutritional strategies to prevent the development of cow's milk allergy by developing oral tolerance is of high interest. Nutritional components such as prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids possess potential to support the maturation of the immune system early in life that might prevent the development of cow's milk allergy. The available research, so far, shows promising results particularly on the development of eczema. However, the preventive effects of the nutritional interventions on the development of food allergy are inconclusive. Future research may benefit from the combination of various dietary components. To clarify the preventive effects of the nutritional components in food allergy more randomized clinical trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Szklany
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aletta D Kraneveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Machteld M Tiemessen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leon M J Knippels
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Immunology, Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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27
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Abstract
Cow's milk is a highly nutritious biological fluid that provides nourishment and immunity to infants when breastfeeding declines. However, some infants, children, and adults are allergic to cow's milk because milk contains potential allergens in the form of proteins. Casein and whey proteins and their coagulated sub-fractions in the milk such as αS1-casein, αS2-casein, β-casein, κ-casein and α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, bovine serum albumin, immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, respectively are the major etiological determinant of cow's milk allergy (CMA). Moreover, milk processing techniques such as homogenization and pasteurization alter the milk fat and whey protein's molecular structure and serve them as allergens to the immune system of allergic individuals. Strict exclusion of nutrient-rich milk and other dairy products from diet puts children with CMA at higher nutritional risk. Thus, regular nutritional monitoring, the inclusion of protein and mineral-rich supplements as a substitute for cow's milk, management of animal genetics (sheep, goats, buffaloes, camel, mare, donkey, yak), and milk processing to produce non-allergenic milk by inactivating allergic proteins for designer nutrition is essentially required. This review paper details the prevalence, molecular profiling of milk allergens (proteins), body immune response against CMA, consequences of milk processing, treatment, and novel role of galectins as potentially allergy suppressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Jaiswal
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mulumebet Worku
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
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28
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Moya B, Tontini C, Santos A. IgE sialylation: Unravelling a key anaphylactic mediator. Allergy 2021; 76:1598-1600. [PMID: 33147354 DOI: 10.1111/all.14649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Moya
- Allergy Service Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Madrid Spain
| | - Chiara Tontini
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Alexandra Santos
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Paediatric Allergy) Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine School of Life Course Sciences King's College London London UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences King's College London London UK
- Children's Allergy ServiceGuy's and St Thomas' Hospital London UK
- Asthma UK Centre of Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma London UK
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29
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Peters K, Peters M. The Role of Lectin Receptors and Their Ligands in Controlling Allergic Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:635411. [PMID: 33995354 PMCID: PMC8119883 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.635411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
More than fifty c-type lectin receptors (CLR) are known and have been identified so far. Moreover, we know the group of galectins and sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins that also belong to the carbohydrate-binding receptors of the immune system. Thus, the lectin receptors form the largest receptor family among the pathogen recognition receptors. Similar to the toll-like receptors (TLRs), the CLR do not only recognize foreign but also endogenous molecules. In contrast to TLRs, which have a predominantly activating effect on the immune system, lectin receptors also mediate inhibitory signals. They play an important role in innate and adaptive immunity for the induction, regulation and shaping of the immune response. The hygiene hypothesis links enhanced infection to protection from allergic disease. Yet, the microbial substances that are responsible for mediating this allergy-protective activity still have to be identified. Microbes contain both ligands binding to TLRs and carbohydrates that are recognized by CLR and other lectin receptors. In the current literature, the CLR are often recognized as the ‘bad guys’ in allergic inflammation, because some glycoepitopes of allergens have been shown to bind to CLR, facilitating their uptake and presentation. On the other hand, there are many reports revealing that sugar moieties are involved in immune regulation. In this review, we will summarize what is known about the role of carbohydrate interaction with c-type lectins and other sugar-recognizing receptors in anti-inflammation, with a special focus on the regulation of the allergic immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Peters
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marcus Peters
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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30
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Corrêa MP, Areias LL, Correia-Silva RD, D’Ávila SCGP, Leopoldino AM, Greco KV, Gil CD. The Role of Galectin-9 as Mediator of Atopic Dermatitis: Effect on Keratinocytes. Cells 2021; 10:947. [PMID: 33923930 PMCID: PMC8073283 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is a beta-galactoside-binding protein with a variety of biological functions related to immune response. However, in allergic diseases, its mechanism of action is not fully understood. This study evaluates the expression pattern of Gal-9 in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced experimental atopic dermatitis (AD) in mice, as well as its effect on human keratinocytes. The skin of OVA-immunized BALB/c mice was challenged with drops containing OVA on days 11, 14-18, and 21-24. HaCaT cells were cultured in the following experimental conditions: control (growth medium only) or stimulated with TNF-α/IFN-γ, or IL-4, or IL-17 with or without Gal-9 treatment. AD was characterized by increased levels of Gal-9 in mouse and human skin, especially in the epidermis, and with a marked influx of Gal-9 positive eosinophils and mast cells compared to the control group. Gal-9 showed an immunomodulatory effect on keratinocytes by decreasing the release of IL-6 by IL-4-stimulated keratinocytes or increasing the IL-6 and RANTES levels by IL-17- or TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated cells, respectively. Under IL-17, Gal-9 treatment also altered the proliferation rate of cells. Overall, increased levels of Gal-9 in AD skin contribute to the control of inflammatory response and the proliferative process of keratinocytes, suggesting this lectin as a relevant therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mab P. Corrêa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil;
| | - Libnah L. Areias
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP 04023-900, Brazil; (L.L.A.); (R.D.C.-S.)
| | - Rebeca D. Correia-Silva
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP 04023-900, Brazil; (L.L.A.); (R.D.C.-S.)
| | - Solange C. G. P. D’Ávila
- Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Forense, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, SP 15090-000, Brazil;
| | - Andréia M. Leopoldino
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil;
| | - Karin V. Greco
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, The Griffin Institute, University College London (UCL), London HA13UJ, UK;
| | - Cristiane D. Gil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil;
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP 04023-900, Brazil; (L.L.A.); (R.D.C.-S.)
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31
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Iwasaki-Hozumi H, Chagan-Yasutan H, Ashino Y, Hattori T. Blood Levels of Galectin-9, an Immuno-Regulating Molecule, Reflect the Severity for the Acute and Chronic Infectious Diseases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030430. [PMID: 33804076 PMCID: PMC7998537 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is a β-galactoside-binding lectin capable of promoting or suppressing the progression of infectious diseases. This protein is susceptible to cleavage of its linker-peptides by several proteases, and the resulting cleaved forms, N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) and C-terminal CRD, bind to various glycans. It has been suggested that full-length (FL)-Gal-9 and the truncated (Tr)-Gal-9s could exert different functions from one another via their different glycan-binding activities. We propose that FL-Gal-9 regulates the pathogenesis of infectious diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, HIV co-infected with opportunistic infection (HIV/OI), dengue, malaria, leptospirosis, and tuberculosis (TB). We also suggest that the blood levels of FL-Gal-9 reflect the severity of dengue, malaria, and HIV/OI, and those of Tr-Gal-9 markedly reflect the severity of HIV/OI. Recently, matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) was suggested to be an indicator of respiratory failure from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as well as useful for differentiating pulmonary from extrapulmonary TB. The protease cleavage of FL-Gal-9 may lead to uncontrolled hyper-immune activation, including a cytokine storm. In summary, Gal-9 has potential to reflect the disease severity for the acute and chronic infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Iwasaki-Hozumi
- Department of Health Science and Social Welfare, Kibi International University, Takahashi 716-8508, Japan; (H.I.-H.); (H.C.-Y.)
| | - Haorile Chagan-Yasutan
- Department of Health Science and Social Welfare, Kibi International University, Takahashi 716-8508, Japan; (H.I.-H.); (H.C.-Y.)
- Mongolian Psychosomatic Medicine Department, International Mongolian Medicine Hospital of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 010065, China
| | - Yugo Ashino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sendai City Hospital, Sendai 982-8502, Japan;
| | - Toshio Hattori
- Department of Health Science and Social Welfare, Kibi International University, Takahashi 716-8508, Japan; (H.I.-H.); (H.C.-Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-866-22-9454
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32
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Butle AB, Talmale SA, Jadhao VV, Patil MB, Lambat TL. Immunostimulatory and anti-allergic potential of novel heterotrimeric lectin from seeds of Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 171:389-397. [PMID: 33428960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. seeds (ZMS) have been used medicinally as sedative or hypnotic drugs in most of Asian countries. ZMS has significant benefits to the human health. Therefore, we have evaluated immunomodulatory effect of lectin extracted from these ZMSL in both in vitro and in vivo study. Anaphylaxis is a severe life-threatening allergic reaction and Arthus reaction is deposition of immune complex and complement system activation, so we hypothesized that if ZMSL can protect these severe allergic diseases. We have studied the effect of ZMSL on macrophages and Wistar albino rats and confirmed its protective effect against anaphylaxis and Arthus reaction. Results of this study suggest ZMSL have immunostimulatory and antiallergic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin B Butle
- Department of Biochemistry, RashtrasantTukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Suhas A Talmale
- Department of Biochemistry, RashtrasantTukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vivek V Jadhao
- Department of Biochemistry, RashtrasantTukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mandakini B Patil
- Department of Biochemistry, RashtrasantTukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Trimurti L Lambat
- Department of Chemistry, Manoharbhai Patel College of Arts, Commerce & Science, Deori, dist-Gondia 441901, Maharashtra, India.
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33
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Moar P, Tandon R. Galectin-9 as a biomarker of disease severity. Cell Immunol 2021; 361:104287. [PMID: 33494007 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is a β-galactoside binding lectin known for its immunomodulatory role in various microbial infections. Gal-9 is expressed in all organ systems and localized in the nucleus, cell surface, cytoplasm and the extracellular matrix. It mediates host-pathogen interactions and regulates cell signalling via binding to its receptors. Gal-9 is involved in many physiological functions such as cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, communication and death. However, recent studies have emphasized on the elevated levels of Gal-9 in autoimmune disorders, viral infections, parasitic invasion, cancer, acute liver failure, atopic dermatitis, chronic kidney disease, type-2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis and benign infertility-related gynecological disorders. In this paper we have reviewed the potential of Gal-9 as a reliable, sensitive and non-invasive biomarker of disease severity. Tracking changes in Gal-9 levels and its implementation as a biomarker in clinical practice will be an important tool to monitor disease activity and facilitate personalized treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Moar
- Laboratory of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ravi Tandon
- Laboratory of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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34
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Vo TS. The role of algal fucoidans in potential anti-allergic therapeutics. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1093-1098. [PMID: 33031853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Allergic diseases are among the commonest causes of chronic ill-health and are rapidly rising the prevalence and complexity. Although the current drugs are efficacy for treatment of allergic diseases, however the extensive clinical use of these drugs has led to the diverse and undesirable side effects. Thus, the extensive studies of alternative anti-allergic agents from natural products are essential for a long-term purpose. Marine environment covers a huge source of extremely potential secondary metabolites for drug discovery. Among them, fucoidans from brown seaweeds have been evidenced to possess various biological activities and health benefit effects. Notably, a great deal of interest has been expressed regarding anti-allergic activity of fucoidans. Consequently, this contribution presents an overview of potential anti-allergic therapeutics of fucoidans from brown seaweeds to emphasize its functions in prevention as well as treatment of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Sang Vo
- Faculty of Food Technology, Thu Dau Mot University, Binh Duong province, Viet Nam.
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35
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Schroeder JT, Adeosun AA, Bieneman AP. Epithelial Cell-Associated Galectin-3 Activates Human Dendritic Cell Subtypes for Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines. Front Immunol 2020; 11:524826. [PMID: 33154744 PMCID: PMC7591743 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.524826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that galectin-3 is a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker associated with diverse diseases and conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, autoimmunity, wound healing, allergic disease, and chronic inflammation in general. Yet, whether and exactly how galectin-3 may participate in the pathogenesis of these diseases remains poorly understood. Recently, we have linked the expression of galectin-3 on the A549 epithelial cell line –an adenocarcinoma, to the activation of human basophils for the release of histamine and secretion of IL-4 and IL-13. These responses proved dependent on cell-to-cell contact, basophil expression of IgE, were inhibited by n-acetyllactosamine, and were ablated when basophils were co-cultured with A549 clones lacking galectin-3 expression. While recombinant galectin-3 failed to activate basophils when in solution, microspheres expressing this lectin did so by mimicking the responses seen when using A549 cells. Given the IgE dependency of the basophil responses, and the fact that galectin-3 is long known to bind this immunoglobulin, we hypothesize that a similar mode of activation extends to other IgE-bearing cells. To investigate this possibility, we tested epithelial cell-associated galectin-3 for its capacity to activate human dendritic cells, including the plasmacytoid and myeloid subtypes as well as monocytes, all of which bind IgE. Indeed, results indicate that epithelial cell-associated galectin-3 activated these cells for robust production of TNF-α and IL-6 and up-regulated the expression of activation markers found on dendritic cells. Moreover, many of the same parameters previously observed for basophils applied to the findings herein, including evidence that matrix-bound galectin-3 (whether on epithelial cells or microspheres) facilitates this mode of activation. In contrast, IgE expression was dispensable for these galectin-3-dependent cytokine responses, implying that this lectin activates dendritic cells (and monocytes) by binding to a glycoprotein other than this immunoglobulin. Overall, these findings further demonstrate how galectin-3 mediates immune cell activation, providing novel insight into how this lectin may promote chronic inflammation underlying the pathogenesis of many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Schroeder
- The Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Abiodun A Adeosun
- The Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Anja P Bieneman
- The Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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36
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Pellefigues C. IgE Autoreactivity in Atopic Dermatitis: Paving the Road for Autoimmune Diseases? Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:E47. [PMID: 32911788 PMCID: PMC7551081 DOI: 10.3390/antib9030047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin disease affecting 20% of the population beginning usually before one year of age. It is associated with the emergence of allergen-specific IgE, but also with autoreactive IgE, whose function remain elusive. This review discusses current knowledge relevant to the mechanisms, which leads to the secretion of autoreactive IgE and to the potential function of these antibodies in AD. Multiple autoantigens have been described to elicit an IgE-dependent response in this context. This IgE autoimmunity starts in infancy and is associated with disease severity. Furthermore, the overall prevalence of autoreactive IgE to multiple auto-antigens is high in AD patients. IgE-antigen complexes can promote a facilitated antigen presentation, a skewing of the adaptive response toward type 2 immunity, and a chronic skin barrier dysfunction and inflammation in patients or AD models. In AD, skin barrier defects and the atopic immune environment facilitate allergen sensitization and the development of other IgE-mediated allergic diseases in a process called the atopic march. AD is also associated epidemiologically with several autoimmune diseases showing autoreactive IgE secretion. Thus, a potential outcome of IgE autoreactivity in AD could be the development of further autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Pellefigues
- INSERM UMRS1149-CNRS ERL8252, Team «Basophils and Mast cells in Immunopathology», Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation (CRI), Inflamex, DHU Fire, Université de Paris, 75018 Paris, France
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Xie MM, Bertozzi CR, Wang TT. Immunoglobulin E sialylation regulates allergic responses. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:617-619. [PMID: 32632971 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Shade et al. demonstrate that people with peanut allergies produce IgE antibodies that are enriched for sialic acid-containing glycoforms. The sialylated IgE triggered significantly more degranulation by basophils and mast cells, suggesting intrinsic functional differences between IgEs from allergic and nonallergic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus M Xie
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Chemistry, Engineering, and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Taia T Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Chen K, Magri G, Grasset EK, Cerutti A. Rethinking mucosal antibody responses: IgM, IgG and IgD join IgA. Nat Rev Immunol 2020; 20:427-441. [PMID: 32015473 PMCID: PMC10262260 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0261-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Humoral immune responses at mucosal surfaces have historically focused on IgA. Growing evidence highlights the complexity of IgA-inducing pathways and the functional impact of IgA on mucosal commensal bacteria. In the gut, IgA contributes to the establishment of a mutualistic host-microbiota relationship that is required to maintain homeostasis and prevent disease. This Review discusses how mucosal IgA responses occur in an increasingly complex humoral defence network that also encompasses IgM, IgG and IgD. Aside from integrating the protective functions of IgA, these hitherto neglected mucosal antibodies may strengthen the communication between mucosal and systemic immune compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Giuliana Magri
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilie K Grasset
- The Immunology Institute, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Cerutti
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain.
- The Immunology Institute, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain.
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Acharya N, Sabatos-Peyton C, Anderson AC. Tim-3 finds its place in the cancer immunotherapy landscape. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:e000911. [PMID: 32601081 PMCID: PMC7326247 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The blockade of immune checkpoint receptors has made great strides in the treatment of major cancers, including melanoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, renal, and lung cancer. However, the success rate of immune checkpoint blockade is still low and some cancers, such as microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer, remain refractory to these treatments. This has prompted investigation into additional checkpoint receptors. T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (Tim-3) is a checkpoint receptor expressed by a wide variety of immune cells as well as leukemic stem cells. Coblockade of Tim-3 and PD-1 can result in reduced tumor progression in preclinical models and can improve antitumor T-cell responses in cancer patients. In this review, we will discuss the basic biology of Tim-3, its role in the tumor microenvironment, and the emerging clinical trial data that point to its future application in the field of immune-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Acharya
- Department of Neurology, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Catherine Sabatos-Peyton
- Exploratory Immuno-oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ana Carrizosa Anderson
- Department of Neurology, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Different Expression Pattern of TIM-3 and Galectin-9 Molecules by Peripheral and Peritoneal Lymphocytes in Women with and without Endometriosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072343. [PMID: 32231038 PMCID: PMC7177301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a gynecological condition that is associated with chronic pelvic inflammation, pain, and infertility. Although substantial evidence supports that immunological alterations contribute to its pathogenesis and we previously posed a pivotal role of Galectin-9 (Gal-9) in this disorder, the involvement of the TIM-3/Gal-9 pathway in the development of endometriosis-associated immunological abnormalities is not yet known. In the present study, multicolor flow cytometry was used to compare the immunophenotype and cell surface expression of TIM-3 and Gal-9 molecules on peripheral blood (PB) and peritoneal fluid (PF) lymphocytes of women with and without endometriosis. We found an altered distribution of different lymphocyte subpopulations, a markedly decreased TIM-3 labeling on all T and NK subsets and a significantly increased Gal-9 positivity on peripheral CD4+ T and Treg cells of the affected cohort. Furthermore, a significantly increased TIM-3 expression on CD4+T-cells and elevated Gal-9 labeling on all T and NK subsets was also revealed in the PF of the examined patients. In conclusion, our results suggest a persistent activation and disturbed TIM-3/Gal-9-dependent regulatory function in endometriosis, which may be involved in the impaired immune surveillance mechanisms, promotes the survival of ectopic lesions, and aids the evolution of reproductive failures in endometriosis.
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Oral Administration of Fucoidan Can Exert Anti-Allergic Activity after Allergen Sensitization by Enhancement of Galectin-9 Secretion in Blood. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020258. [PMID: 32050429 PMCID: PMC7072523 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous study revealed that fucoidan inhibited mast cell degranulation through the upregulation of galectin-9 in blood. The purpose of this study is to elucidate its mechanism using ovalbumin (OVA) induced anaphylaxis model mice (BALB/c, Female, 5-week-old) and mast cell line (RBL-2H3 cells). Oral administration of fucoidan after sensitization with OVA/Al(OH)3 inhibited reduction of rectal temperature induced by activation of mast cells. Fucoidan increased galectin-9 mRNA expression only in colonic epithelial cells. These results suggested that fucoidan could suppress the allergic symptoms in sensitized mice by inducing galectin-9 production from colonic epithelial cells. In addition, to check the influence of galectin 9 on the degranulation of mast cells, RBL-2H3 cell lines were treated directly with recombinant galectin-9. As expected, galectin-9 inhibited degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells pre-bound with IgE. Moreover, the residual amounts of IgE on RBL-2H3 cells were decreased by an addition of galectin-9. It was demonstrated that galectin-9 could remove IgE even if IgE was already bound to mast cells and suppress the mast cells degranulation induced by antigen. This study shows that fucoidan might become an effective therapeutic agent for patients already developed type I allergic diseases.
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Hertz MI, Glaessner PM, Rush A, Budge PJ. Brugia malayi galectin 2 is a tandem-repeat type galectin capable of binding mammalian polysaccharides. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2019; 235:111233. [PMID: 31738955 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2019.111233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are among the most abundant excretory/secretory (ES) products of filarial worms, but their role in filarial biology is poorly understood. Galectin-2 (Lec-2), a major component of Brugia malayi extracellular vesicles, is released by filarial worms, and was recently identified in the serum of persons with loiasis. We therefore sought to clone and characterize Lec-2, and to develop reagents to examine its potential as a biomarker and its role in parasite biology. We cloned and expressed recombinant B. malayi Lec-2 (rBmLec-2), generated a Lec-2-specific monoclonal antibody (4B4), and used it to confirm the presence of Lec-2 in B. malayi ES products and whole worm lysate. We show that Lec-2 is absent in B. malayi oocytes, and increases in concentration as embryos mature. Recombinant BmLec-2 hemagglutinates rabbit red blood cells at concentrations less than 1 μg/mL, and this is abrogated by single amino acid substitutions in the predicted carbohydrate recognition domains. rBmLec-2 binds multiple LacNAc oligosaccharides on a mammalian carbohydrate array. Sera from 17/23 (78 %) persons with microfilaremic loiasis and 4/10 (40 %) persons with bancroftian filariasis had detectable antibody to Lec-2 by western blot. Our studies confirm the functionality of BmLec-2 and indicate anti-Lec-2 antibody responses are common in persons with filariasis. These studies set the stage for further examination of the role of Lec-2 in filarial biology and in filarial-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla I Hertz
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.
| | - Philip M Glaessner
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Amy Rush
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Philip J Budge
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Abstract
IgE are absolutely required for initiation of allergy reactions, which affect over 20% of the world's population. IgE are the least prevalent immunoglobulins in circulation with 12-h and 2-day half-lives in mouse and human serum, respectively, but an extended tissue half-life of 3-weeks bound to the surface of mast cells by the high affinity IgE receptor, FcεRI (Gould and Sutton 2008). Although the importance of glycosylation to IgG biology is well established, less is known regarding the contribution of IgE glycosylation to allergic inflammation. IgE has seven and nine N-linked glycosylation sites distributed across human and murine constant chains, respectively. Here we discuss studies that have analyzed IgE glycosylation and its function, and how IgE glycosylation contributions to health and disease.
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Fernandez‐Santamaría R, Palomares F, Salas M, Doña I, Bogas G, Ariza A, Rodriguez‐Nogales A, Plaza‐Seron MC, Mayorga C, Torres MJ, Fernández TD. Expression of the Tim3-galectin-9 axis is altered in drug-induced maculopapular exanthema. Allergy 2019; 74:1769-1779. [PMID: 31034608 DOI: 10.1111/all.13847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-induced maculopapular exanthemas (MPEs) are mediated by Th1 CD4+ T cells. One of the mechanisms of control of Th1 cells in homeostasis is the interaction between the checkpoint inhibitor Tim3 and its physiological ligand galectin-9 (Gal9). Disorders affecting this axis may be responsible for various autoimmune and immunological diseases. The aim of this study was to determinate the influence of the Tim3-Gal9 axis on the development of MPE induced by drugs. METHODS Frequencies of different cell subsets and the expression of Tim3 and Gal9 were measured in peripheral blood by flow cytometry and in skin biopsies by immunohistochemistry. Gal9 expression was assessed by RT-qPCR; its release was measured by multiplex assay. The effects of blocking or enhancing the Tim3-Gal9 axis on monocyte-derived dendritic cell (moDC) maturation and T-cell proliferation were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS The expression of Tim3 was significantly reduced in peripheral blood Th1 cells and in the skin of MPE patients vs controls. Gal9 expression and release were significantly reduced in patient peripheral blood and moDCs, respectively. The addition of exogenous Gal9 significantly reduced Tim3+ Th1 proliferation, although Treg proliferation increased. CONCLUSION This study showed the involvement of the Tim3-Gal9 axis in MPE. The reduced expression of Tim3 in Th1 cells together with the impaired expression of Gal9 in PBMCs and DCs appears to have a role in the development of the disease. The potential of Gal9 to suppress Th1 and enhance Treg proliferation makes it a promising tool for treating these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisca Palomares
- Allergy Research Group Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA. Málaga Spain
| | - Maria Salas
- Allergy Research Group Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA. Málaga Spain
- Allergy Unit Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga Spain
| | - Inmaculada Doña
- Allergy Research Group Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA. Málaga Spain
- Allergy Unit Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga Spain
| | - Gador Bogas
- Allergy Research Group Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA. Málaga Spain
- Allergy Unit Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga Spain
| | - Adriana Ariza
- Allergy Research Group Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA. Málaga Spain
| | - Alba Rodriguez‐Nogales
- Allergy Research Group Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA. Málaga Spain
| | - Maria C. Plaza‐Seron
- Allergy Research Group Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA. Málaga Spain
| | - Cristobalina Mayorga
- Allergy Research Group Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA. Málaga Spain
- Allergy Unit Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga Spain
| | - Maria J. Torres
- Allergy Research Group Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA. Málaga Spain
- Allergy Unit Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga Spain
- Nanostructures for Diagnosing and Treatment of Allergic Diseases Laboratory Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND Málaga Spain
| | - Tahia D. Fernández
- Allergy Research Group Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA. Málaga Spain
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Combined Exposure of Activated Intestinal Epithelial Cells to Nondigestible Oligosaccharides and CpG-ODN Suppresses Th2-Associated CCL22 Release While Enhancing Galectin-9, TGF β, and Th1 Polarization. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:8456829. [PMID: 31427886 PMCID: PMC6683774 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8456829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Short-chain galacto- and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) and CpG-ODN affect intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). Epithelial IL1α may contribute to allergic sensitization via autocrine mediator release affecting dendritic cells (DC). We studied whether IL1α contributes to Th2-associated mediator release by activated IEC and IEC/DC cocultures and possible modulation by scGOS/lcFOS±CpG-ODN. Methods Solid phase or transwell cultured IEC were preincubated with IL1α and/or IFNγ/TNFα for 6 h. The transwell IEC were also apically exposed to scGOS/lcFOS±CpG-ODN for 6 h, washed, and re-exposed, while cocultured with immature moDC (ccDC) for 48 h. These ccDC were subsequently added to allogeneic naïve T cells (MLR). IEC- and/or DC-derived mediators and T cell cytokines were measured. Results IL1α tended to enhance IL25 and enhanced IL33 and CCL20 release by IEC, while IL1α or TNFα or IFNγ enhanced CCL22. These were all further increased upon combined exposure of IFNγ/TNFα±IL1α coinciding with increased IL33 secretion in the solid phase culture. In the transwell, IL25 and IL33 remained under detection, while CCL20 and CCL22 were induced by IL1α or IFNγ/TNFα, respectively, and a synergistic increase was observed upon combined exposure of IFNγ/TNFα and IL1α. Furthermore, IFNγ was found to enhance galectin-9 secretion, which was more pronounced in IFNγ/TNFα±IL1α-exposed IEC and coincided with TGFβ increase. Epithelial CpG-ODN exposure further increased CCL20, while reducing CCL22 release by IFNγ/TNFα/IL1α-activated IEC; however, scGOS/lcFOS suppressed both. Combined scGOS/lcFOS and CpG-ODN reduced CCL22, while CCL20 and regulatory galectin-9 and TGFβ remained high in the supernatant of IFNγ/TNFα/IL1α-activated IEC and the following IEC/DC coculture. ccDC of scGOS/lcFOS- and CpG-ODN-exposed IFNγ/TNFα/IL1α-activated IEC increased IFNγ, IL10, TGFβ, and galectin-9 secretion in the MLR compared to ccDC exposed to control-activated IEC. Conclusion IL1α enhanced CCL20 and Th2-associated CCL22 release by IFNγ/TNFα-activated IEC. Combined scGOS/lcFOS and CpG-ODN exposure suppressed CCL22, while maintaining high CCL20, TGFβ, and galectin-9 concentrations. In addition, ccDC derived from this IEC/DC coculture enhanced Th1 and regulatory mediator secretion mimicking known in vivo effects.
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Chiyo T, Fujita K, Iwama H, Fujihara S, Tadokoro T, Ohura K, Matsui T, Goda Y, Kobayashi N, Nishiyama N, Yachida T, Morishita A, Kobara H, Mori H, Niki T, Hirashima M, Himoto T, Masaki T. Galectin-9 Induces Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptosis of Esophageal Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo in a Xenograft Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112634. [PMID: 31146370 PMCID: PMC6600680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-9 (Gal-9) enhances tumor immunity mediated by T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Its expression level in various cancers correlates with prognosis. Furthermore, Gal-9 directly induces apoptosis in various cancers; however, its mechanism of action and bioactivity has not been clarified. We evaluated Gal-9 antitumor effect against esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) to analyze the dynamics of apoptosis-related molecules, elucidate its mechanism of action, and identify relevant changes in miRNA expressions. KYSE-150 and KYSE-180 cells were treated with Gal-9 and their proliferation was evaluated. Gal-9 inhibited cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. The xenograft mouse model established with KYSE-150 cells was administered with Gal-9 and significant suppression in the tumor growth observed. Gal-9 treatment of KYSE-150 cells increased the number of Annexin V-positive cells, activation of caspase-3, and collapse of mitochondrial potential, indicating apoptosis induction. c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) phosphorylation were activated and could be involved in apoptosis. Therefore, Gal-9 induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis of ESCC and inhibits cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo with JNK and p38 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiga Chiyo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Koji Fujita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Hisakazu Iwama
- Life Science Research Center, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Shintaro Fujihara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Tadokoro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Kyoko Ohura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Takanori Matsui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Goda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Nobuya Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Noriko Nishiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Tatsuo Yachida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Asahiro Morishita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Hideki Kobara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Hirohito Mori
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Toshiro Niki
- Department of Immunology and Immunopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Mitsuomi Hirashima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Takashi Himoto
- Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, 281-1, Hara, Mure-Cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0123, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
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Abbring S, Kusche D, Roos TC, Diks MAP, Hols G, Garssen J, Baars T, van Esch BCAM. Milk processing increases the allergenicity of cow's milk-Preclinical evidence supported by a human proof-of-concept provocation pilot. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 49:1013-1025. [PMID: 30945370 PMCID: PMC6849791 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Several studies demonstrated the adverse effect of milk processing on the allergy‐protective capacity of raw cow's milk. Whether milk processing also affects the allergenicity of raw milk is hardly investigated. Objective To assess the allergenicity of raw (unprocessed) and processed cow's milk in a murine model for food allergy as well as in cow's milk allergic children. Methods C3H/HeOuJ mice were either sensitized to whole milk (raw cow's milk, heated raw cow's milk or shop milk [store‐bought milk]) and challenged with cow's milk protein or they were sensitized and challenged to whey proteins (native or heated). Acute allergic symptoms, mast cell degranulation, allergen‐specific IgE levels and cytokine concentrations were determined upon challenge. Cow's milk allergic children were tested in an oral provocation pilot with organic raw and conventional shop milk. Results Mice sensitized to raw milk showed fewer acute allergic symptoms upon intradermal challenge than mice sensitized to processed milk. The acute allergic skin response was low (103 ± 8.5 µm vs 195 ± 17.7 µm for heated raw milk, P < 0.0001 and vs 149 ± 13.6 µm for shop milk, P = 0.0316), and there were no anaphylactic shock symptoms and no anaphylactic shock‐induced drop in body temperature. Moreover, allergen‐specific IgE levels and Th2 cytokines were significantly lower in raw milk sensitized mice. Interestingly, the reduced sensitizing capacity was preserved in the isolated native whey protein fraction of raw milk. Besides, native whey protein challenge diminished allergic symptoms in mice sensitized to heated whey proteins. In an oral provocation pilot, cow's milk allergic children tolerated raw milk up to 50 mL, whereas they only tolerated 8.6 ± 5.3 mL shop milk (P = 0.0078). Conclusion and Clinical Relevance This study demonstrates that raw (unprocessed) cow's milk and native whey proteins have a lower allergenicity than their processed counterparts. The preclinical evidence in combination with the human proof‐of‐concept provocation pilot provides evidence that milk processing negatively influences the allergenicity of milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Abbring
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Kusche
- Section of Organic Farming and Cropping Systems, Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany
| | | | - Mara A P Diks
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Hols
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ton Baars
- Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
| | - Betty C A M van Esch
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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48
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Itoh A, Nonaka Y, Ogawa T, Nakamura T, Nishi N. Galectin-9 induces atypical ubiquitination leading to cell death in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Glycobiology 2019; 29:22-35. [PMID: 30383222 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-9 is the most potent inducer of cell death in lymphomas and other malignant cell types among the members of the galectin family. We investigated the mechanism of galectin-9-induced cell death in PC-3 prostate cancer cells in comparison with in Jurkat T cells. Galectin-9 induced apoptotic cell death in Jurkat cells, as typically revealed by DNA ladder formation. On the other hand, DNA ladder formation and other features of apoptosis were not apparent in PC-3 cells undergoing galectin-9-induced death. Exogenous galectin-9 was endocytosed and destined to the lysosomal compartment in PC-3 cells. The internalized galectin-9 was resistant to detergent solubilization but was solubilized with lactose. Agents inhibiting actin filament dynamics abolished the internalization and cytocidal effect of galectin-9 in PC-3 but not Jurkat cells. Galectin-9 induced accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, possibly heterogeneously ubiquitinated and/or monoubiquitinated proteins, in PC-3 cells. PYR-41, an inhibitor of the ubiquitin-activating E1 enzyme, suppressed the cytocidal effect of galectin-9. Although ubiquitination was upregulated also in Jurkat cells by galectin-9, PYR-41 was ineffective against galectin-9-induced cell death. Colocalization of ubiquitinated proteins and LAMP-1 was detectable in PC-3 cells treated with galectin-9. The ubiquitinated proteins were recovered in the insoluble fraction upon cell fractionation. In contrast, ubiquitinated proteins that accumulated after treatment with proteasome inhibitors did not co-localize with LAMP-1 and were mainly recovered in soluble fraction. The results suggest that atypical ubiquitination and accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins in lysosomes play a pivotal role in galectin-9-induced non-apoptotic death in PC-3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Itoh
- Division of Research Instrument and Equipment, Life Science Research Center, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nonaka
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takanori Nakamura
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Nozomu Nishi
- Division of Research Instrument and Equipment, Life Science Research Center, Kagawa, Japan
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49
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Wu NL, Liu FT. The expression and function of galectins in skin physiology and pathology. Exp Dermatol 2019; 27:217-226. [PMID: 29427464 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The galectin family comprises β-galactoside-binding proteins widely expressed in many organisms. There are at least 16 family members, which can be classified into three groups based on their carbohydrate-recognition domains. Pleiotropic functions of different galectins in physiological and pathological processes through extracellular or intracellular actions have been revealed. In the skin, galectins are expressed in a variety of cells, including keratinocytes, melanocytes, fibroblasts, dendritic cells, lymphocytes, macrophages and endothelial cells. Expression of specific galectins is reported to affect cell status, such as activation or death, and regulate the interaction between different cell types or between cells and the extracellular matrix. In vitro cellular studies, in vivo animal studies and studies of human clinical material have revealed the pathophysiologic roles of galectins in the skin. The pathogenesis of diverse non-malignant skin disorders, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, contact dermatitis and wound healing, as well as skin cancers, such as melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous haematologic malignancy can be regulated by different galectins. Revelation of biological roles of galectins in skin may pave the way to future development of galectin-based therapeutic strategies for skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Lin Wu
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Butyrate Enhances Desensitization Induced by Oral Immunotherapy in Cow's Milk Allergic Mice. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:9062537. [PMID: 30800003 PMCID: PMC6360042 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9062537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In previous studies, we showed that a fructo-oligosaccharide- (FOS-) supplemented diet enhanced oral immunotherapy (OIT) efficacy in a mouse model for cow's milk allergy. Fermentation of FOS by intestinal bacteria leads to production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) including butyrate. Aim To investigate the contribution of butyrate in the enhanced efficacy of OIT + FOS. Methods C3H/HeOuJ mice were sensitized and received OIT with or without FOS or butyrate supplementation. After treatment, whole blood was collected to conduct a basophil activation test (BAT) and allergen challenges were performed to measure acute allergic symptoms. CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells (Tregs) were isolated from treated mice or differentiated in vitro and used in a bone marrow-derived mast cell (BMMC) suppression assay. Cecum content was collected to analyze SCFA concentrations. Results Allergen-induced basophil activation was reduced in OIT + butyrate samples compared to OIT. Accordingly, the acute allergic skin response and mast cell degranulation upon challenge were reduced in OIT + butyrate and OIT + FOS mice compared to sensitized controls. Butyrate was increased in the cecum content of OIT + FOS mice compared to OIT mice and sensitized controls. Treg-mediated BMMC suppression was enhanced after in vivo butyrate and FOS exposure in combination with OIT but with a more pronounced effect for butyrate. Conclusion Butyrate supplementation enhanced OIT-induced desensitization of basophils and mast cells and Treg functionality. Only OIT + FOS treatment induced potential microbial alterations, shown by increased butyrate levels in cecum content. Both butyrate and FOS are promising candidates to improve OIT efficacy in human studies to treat food allergies.
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