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Germeys C, Vandoorne T, Davie K, Poovathingal S, Heeren K, Vermeire W, Nami F, Moisse M, Quaegebeur A, Sierksma A, Rué L, Sicart A, Eykens C, De Cock L, De Strooper B, Carmeliet P, Van Damme P, De Bock K, Van Den Bosch L. Targeting EGLN2/PHD1 protects motor neurons and normalizes the astrocytic interferon response. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114719. [PMID: 39255062 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and dysregulated energy metabolism are linked to motor neuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The egl-9 family hypoxia-inducible factor (EGLN) enzymes, also known as prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) enzymes, are metabolic sensors regulating cellular inflammation and metabolism. Using an oligonucleotide-based and a genetic approach, we showed that the downregulation of Egln2 protected motor neurons and mitigated the ALS phenotype in two zebrafish models and a mouse model of ALS. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing of the murine spinal cord revealed that the loss of EGLN2 induced an astrocyte-specific downregulation of interferon-stimulated genes, mediated via the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) protein. In addition, we found that the genetic deletion of EGLN2 restored this interferon response in patient induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived astrocytes, confirming the link between EGLN2 and astrocytic interferon signaling. In conclusion, we identified EGLN2 as a motor neuron protective target normalizing the astrocytic interferon-dependent inflammatory axis in vivo, as well as in patient-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Germeys
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tijs Vandoorne
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristofer Davie
- VIB-KU Leuven, Center for Brain & Disease Research Technologies, Single Cell Bioinformatics Unit, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Suresh Poovathingal
- VIB-KU Leuven, Center for Brain & Disease Research Technologies, Single Cell Microfluidics & Analytics Unit, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for AI & Computational Biology (VIB.AI), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kara Heeren
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wendy Vermeire
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - FatemehArefeh Nami
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute Leuven (SCIL), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Moisse
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annelies Quaegebeur
- University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, CB2 2PY Cambridge, UK; Cambridge University Hospitals, Department of Histopathology, CB2 0QQ Cambridge, UK
| | - Annerieke Sierksma
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Molecular Neurobiology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Rué
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adrià Sicart
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Caroline Eykens
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lenja De Cock
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart De Strooper
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Molecular Neurobiology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Dementia Research Institute, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, UK
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Cancer Biology, Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Center for Biotechnology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Philip Van Damme
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien De Bock
- ETH Zürich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Deng H, Wang Z, Zhu C, Chen Z. Prolyl hydroxylase domain enzyme PHD2 inhibits proliferation and metabolism in non-small cell lung cancer cells in HIF-dependent and HIF-independent manners. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1370393. [PMID: 39007099 PMCID: PMC11240288 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1370393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2) is one of the intracellular oxygen sensors that mediates proteasomal degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-α via hydroxylation under normoxic conditions. Because of its canonical function in the hypoxia signaling pathway, PHD2 is generally regarded as a tumor suppressor. However, the effects of PHD2 in tumorigenesis are not entirely dependent on HIF-α. Based on analysis of data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we observed that the expression of PHD2 is upregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which accounts for approximately 80-85% of lung cancers. This suggests that PHD2 may play an important role in NSCLC. However, the function of PHD2 in NSCLC remains largely unknown. In this study, we established PHD2-deficient H1299 cells and PHD2-knockdown A549 cells to investigate the function of PHD2 in NSCLC and found that PHD2 suppresses cell proliferation and metabolism but induces ROS levels in human NSCLC cells. Further results indicated that the function of PHD2 in NSCLC is dependent on its enzymatic activity and partially independent of HIF. Moreover, we performed RNA-sequencing and transcriptomic analysis to explore the underlying mechanisms and identified some potential targets and pathways regulated by PHD2, apart from the canonical HIF-mediated hypoxia signaling pathway. These results provide some clues to uncover novel roles of PHD2 in lung cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Deng
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunchun Zhu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Department of Reproduction, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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3
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Jin Y, Peng Y, Xu J, Yuan Y, Yang N, Zhang Z, Xu L, Li L, Xiong Y, Sun D, Pan Y, Wu R, Fu J. LUBAC promotes angiogenesis and lung tumorigenesis by ubiquitinating and antagonizing autophagic degradation of HIF1α. Oncogenesis 2024; 13:6. [PMID: 38272870 PMCID: PMC10810860 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-024-00508-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) is critically important for driving angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. Linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC), the only known ubiquitin ligase capable of catalyzing protein linear ubiquitination to date, is implicated in cell signaling and associated with cancers. However, the role and mechanism of LUBAC in regulating the expression and function of HIF1α, the labile subunit of HIF1, remain to be elucidated. Herein we showed that LUBAC increases HIF1α protein expression in cultured cells and tissues of human lung cancer and enhances HIF1α DNA-binding and transcriptional activities, which are dependent upon LUBAC enzymatic activity. Mechanistically, LUBAC increases HIF1α stability through antagonizing HIF1α decay by the chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA)-lysosome pathway, thereby potentiating HIF1α activity. We further demonstrated that HIF1α selectively interacts with HOIP (the catalytic subunit of LUBAC) primarily in the cytoplasm. LUBAC catalyzes linear ubiquitination of HIF1α at lysine 362. Linear ubiquitination shields HIF1α from interacting with heat-shock cognate protein of 70 kDa and lysosome-associated membrane protein type 2 A, two components of CMA. Consequently, linear ubiquitination confers protection against CMA-mediated destruction of HIF1α, increasing HIF1α stability and activity. We found that prolyl hydroxylation is not a perquisite for LUBAC's effects on HIF1α. Functionally, LUBAC facilitates proliferation, clonogenic formation, invasion and migration of lung cancer cells. LUBAC also boosts angiogenesis and exacerbates lung cancer growth in mice, which are greatly compromised by inhibition of HIF1α. This work provides novel mechanistic insights into the role of LUBAC in regulating HIF1α homeostasis, tumor angiogenesis and tumorigenesis of lung cancer, making LUBAC an attractive therapeutic target for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jin
- The Laboratory of Inflammation and Vascular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China.
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Yazhi Peng
- The Laboratory of Inflammation and Vascular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Xu
- The Laboratory of Inflammation and Vascular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- The Laboratory of Inflammation and Vascular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Yang
- The Laboratory of Inflammation and Vascular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Zemei Zhang
- The Laboratory of Inflammation and Vascular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
- Graduate School, Jinzhou Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Lei Xu
- The Laboratory of Inflammation and Vascular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Lin Li
- The Laboratory of Inflammation and Vascular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Yulian Xiong
- The Laboratory of Inflammation and Vascular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Dejiao Sun
- The Laboratory of Inflammation and Vascular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Yamu Pan
- The Laboratory of Inflammation and Vascular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Ruiqing Wu
- The Laboratory of Inflammation and Vascular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Jian Fu
- The Laboratory of Inflammation and Vascular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China.
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Tiwari R, Sharma R, Rajendran G, Borkowski GS, An SY, Schonfeld M, O’Sullivan J, Schipma MJ, Zhou Y, Courbon G, David V, Quaggin SE, Thorp E, Chandel NS, Kapitsinou PP. Post-ischemic inactivation of HIF prolyl hydroxylases in endothelium promotes maladaptive kidney repair by inducing glycolysis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.03.560700. [PMID: 37873349 PMCID: PMC10592920 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.03.560700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in hospitalized patients and increases the risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Impaired endothelial cell (EC) functions are thought to contribute in AKI to CKD transition, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we identify a critical role for endothelial oxygen sensing prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) enzymes 1-3 in regulating post-ischemic kidney repair. In renal endothelium, we observed compartment-specific differences in the expression of the three PHD isoforms in both mice and humans. We found that post-ischemic concurrent inactivation of endothelial PHD1, PHD2, and PHD3 but not PHD2 alone promoted maladaptive kidney repair characterized by exacerbated tissue injury, fibrosis, and inflammation. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of the post-ischemic endothelial PHD1, PHD2 and PHD3 deficient (PHDTiEC) kidney revealed an endothelial glycolytic transcriptional signature, also observed in human kidneys with severe AKI. This metabolic program was coupled to upregulation of the SLC16A3 gene encoding the lactate exporter monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4). Strikingly, treatment with the MCT4 inhibitor syrosingopine restored adaptive kidney repair in PHDTiEC mice. Mechanistically, MCT4 inhibition suppressed pro-inflammatory EC activation reducing monocyte-endothelial cell interaction. Our findings suggest avenues for halting AKI to CKD transition based on selectively targeting the endothelial hypoxia-driven glycolysis/MCT4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratnakar Tiwari
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rajni Sharma
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ganeshkumar Rajendran
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Gabriella S. Borkowski
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Si Young An
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Schonfeld
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - James O’Sullivan
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew J. Schipma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Yalu Zhou
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Guillaume Courbon
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Valentin David
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Susan E. Quaggin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Edward Thorp
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Navdeep S. Chandel
- Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Pinelopi P. Kapitsinou
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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Kim G, Lee D. Reverse tracking from drug-induced transcriptomes through multilayer molecular networks reveals hidden drug targets. Comput Biol Med 2023; 158:106881. [PMID: 37028141 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Identifying molecular targets of a drug is an essential process for drug discovery and development. The recent in-silico approaches are usually based on the structure information of chemicals and proteins. However, 3D structure information is hard to obtain and machine-learning methods using 2D structure suffer from data imbalance problem. Here, we present a reverse tracking method from genes to target proteins using drug-perturbed gene transcriptional profiles and multilayer molecular networks. We scored how well the protein explains gene expression changes perturbed by a drug. We validated the protein scores of our method in predicting known targets of drugs. Our method performs better than other methods using the gene transcriptional profiles and shows the ability to suggest the molecular mechanism of drugs. Furthermore, our method has the potential to predict targets for objects that do not have rigid structural information, such as coronavirus.
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Novel role for caspase 1 inhibitor VX765 in suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and atherosclerosis via promoting mitophagy and efferocytosis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:512. [PMID: 35641492 PMCID: PMC9156694 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04966-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a maladaptive chronic inflammatory disease, which remains the leading cause of death worldwide. The NLRP3 inflammasome constitutes a major driver of atherosclerosis, yet the mechanism of action is poorly understood. Mitochondrial dysfunction is essential for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. However, whether activated NLRP3 inflammasome exacerbates mitochondrial dysfunction remains to be further elucidated. Herein, we sought to address these issues applying VX765, a well-established inhibitor of caspase 1. VX765 robustly restrains caspase 1-mediated interleukin-1β production and gasdermin D processing. Our study assigned VX765 a novel role in antagonizing NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and activation. VX765 mitigates mitochondrial damage induced by activated NLRP3 inflammasome, as evidenced by decreased mitochondrial ROS production and cytosolic release of mitochondrial DNA. VX765 blunts caspase 1-dependent cleavage and promotes mitochondrial recruitment and phosphorylation of Parkin, a key mitophagy regulator. Functionally, VX765 facilitates mitophagy, efferocytosis and M2 polarization of macrophages. It also impedes foam cell formation, migration and pyroptosis of macrophages. VX765 boosts autophagy, promotes efferocytosis, and alleviates vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis in both ApoE-/- and Ldlr-/- mice. However, these effects of VX765 were abrogated upon ablation of Nlrp3 in ApoE-/- mice. This work provides mechanistic insights into NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and this inflammasome in dictating atherosclerosis. This study highlights that manipulation of caspase 1 paves a new avenue to treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Inactivation of EGLN3 hydroxylase facilitates Erk3 degradation via autophagy and impedes lung cancer growth. Oncogene 2022; 41:1752-1766. [PMID: 35124697 PMCID: PMC8933280 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEGLN3 is critically important for growth of various cancers including lung cancer. However, virtually nothing is known about the role and mechanism for EGLN3 hydroxylase activity in cancers. EGLN3 catalyzes the hydroxylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 3 (Erk3), a potent driver of cancers. The role and mechanism for EGLN3-induced stabilization of Erk3 remain to be defined. Here, we show that Erk3 interacts with heat shock cognate protein of 70 kDa (HSC70) and lysosome-associated membrane protein type 2 A (LAMP2A), two core components of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). As a consequence, Erk3 is degraded by the CMA-lysosome pathway. EGLN3-catalyzed hydroxylation antagonizes CMA-dependent destruction of Erk3. Mechanistically, hydroxylation blunts the interaction of Erk3 with LAMP2A, thereby blocking lysosomal decay of Erk3. EGLN3 inactivation inhibits macrophage migration, efferocytosis, and M2 polarization. Studies using EGLN3 catalytically inactive knock-in mice indicate that inactivation of EGLN3 hydroxylase in host cells ameliorates LLC cancer growth through reprogramming the tumor microenvironment (TME). Adoptive transfer of macrophages with inactivated EGLN3 restrains tumor growth by mounting anti-tumor immunity and restricting angiogenesis. Administration of EGLN3 hydroxylase pharmacologic inhibitor to mice bearing LLC carcinoma impedes cancer growth by targeting the TME. LLC cells harboring inactivated EGLN3 exhibit reduced tumor burden via mitigating immunosuppressive milieu and inducing cancer senescence. This study provides novel insights into the role of CMA in regulating Erk3 stability and the mechanism behind EGLN3-enhanced stability of Erk3. This work demonstrates that inactivation of EGLN3 in malignant and stromal cells suppresses tumor by orchestrating reciprocal interplays between cancer cells and the TME. This work sheds new light on the role and mechanism for EGLN3 catalytic activity in regulating cancer growth. Manipulating EGLN3 activity holds promise for cancer treatment.
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Li F, Yin C, Ma Z, Yang K, Sun L, Duan C, Wang T, Hussein A, Wang L, Zhu X, Gao P, Xi Q, Zhang Y, Shu G, Wang S, Jiang Q. PHD3 mediates denervation skeletal muscle atrophy through Nf-κB signal pathway. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21444. [PMID: 33749901 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002049r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the largest organ of the body, the development of skeletal muscle is very important for the health of the animal body. Prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) are the classical regulator of the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) signal pathway, many researchers found that PHDs are involved in the muscle fiber type transformation, muscle regeneration, and myocyte differentiation. However, whether PHDs can impact the protein turnover of skeletal muscle is poorly understood. In this study, we constructed denervated muscle atrophy mouse model and found PHD3 was highly expressed in the atrophic muscles and there was a significant correlation between the expression level of PHD3 and skeletal muscle weight which was distinct from PHD1 and PHD2. Then, the similar results were getting from the different weight muscles of normal mice. To further verify the relationship between PHD3 and skeletal muscle protein turnover, we established a PHD3 interference model by injecting PHD3 sgRNA virus into tibialis anterior muscle (TA) muscle of MCK-Cre-cas9 mice and transfecting PHD3 shRNA lentivirus into primary satellite cells. It was found that the Knock-out of PHD3 in vivo led to a significant increase in muscle weight and muscle fiber area (P < .05). Besides, the activity of protein synthesis signal pathway increased significantly, while the protein degradation pathway was inhibited evidently (P < .05). In vitro, the results of 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) and tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE) fluorescence detection showed that PHD3 interference could lead to a decrease in cell proliferation and an increase of cell apoptosis. After the differentiation of satellite cells, the production of puromycin in the interference group was higher than that in the control group, and the content of 3-methylhistidine in the interference group was lower than that in the control group (P < .05) which is consistent with the change of protein turnover signal pathway in the cell. Mechanistically, there is an interaction between PHD3, NF-κB, and IKBα which was detected by immunoprecipitation. With the interfering of PHD3, the expression of the inflammatory signal pathway also significantly decreased (P < .05). These results suggest that PHD3 may affect protein turnover in muscle tissue by mediating inflammatory signal pathway. Finally, we knocked out PHD3 in denervated muscle atrophy mice and LPS-induced myotubes atrophy model. Then, we found that the decrease of PHD3 protein level could alleviate the muscle weight and muscle fiber reduction induced by denervation in mice. Meanwhile, the protein level of the inflammatory signal pathway and the content of 3-methylhistidine in denervated atrophic muscle were also significantly reduced (P < .05). In vitro, PHD3 knock-out could alleviate the decrease of myotube diameter induced by LPS, and the expression of protein synthesis pathway was also significantly increased (P < .05). On the contrary, the expression level of protein degradation and inflammatory signal pathway was significantly decreased (P < .05). Through these series of studies, we found that the increased expression of PHD3 in denervated muscle might be an important regulator in inducing muscle atrophy, and this process is likely to be mediated by the inflammatory NF-κB signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Yin
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zewei Ma
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kelin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Lijuan Sun
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Duan
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Abdelaziz Hussein
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianyun Xi
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songbo Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Yu M, Lun J, Zhang H, Zhu L, Zhang G, Fang J. The non-canonical functions of HIF prolyl hydroxylases and their dual roles in cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 135:105982. [PMID: 33894356 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.105982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) are dioxygenases using oxygen and 2-oxoglutarate as co-substrates. Under normoxia, PHDs hydroxylate the conserved prolyl residues of HIFα, leading to HIFα degradation. In hypoxia PHDs are inactivated, which results in HIFα accumulation. The accumulated HIFα enters nucleus and initiates gene transcription. Many studies have shown that PHDs have substrates other than HIFα, implying that they have HIF-independent non-canonical functions. Besides modulating protein stability, the PHDs-mediated prolyl hydroxylation affects protein-protein interaction and protein activity for alternative substrates. Increasing evidence indicates that PHDs also have hydroxylase-independent functions. They influence protein stability, enzyme activity, and protein-protein interaction in a hydroxylase-independent manner. These findings highlight the functional diversity and complexity of PHDs. Due to having inhibitory activity on HIFα, PHDs are proposed to act as tumor suppressors. However, research shows that PHDs exert either tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressing features. Here, we try to summarize the current understanding of PHDs hydroxylase-dependent and -independent functions and their roles in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchao Yu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Jie Lun
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266061, China.
| | - Jing Fang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266061, China.
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10
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Ringel AE, Drijvers JM, Baker GJ, Catozzi A, García-Cañaveras JC, Gassaway BM, Miller BC, Juneja VR, Nguyen TH, Joshi S, Yao CH, Yoon H, Sage PT, LaFleur MW, Trombley JD, Jacobson CA, Maliga Z, Gygi SP, Sorger PK, Rabinowitz JD, Sharpe AH, Haigis MC. Obesity Shapes Metabolism in the Tumor Microenvironment to Suppress Anti-Tumor Immunity. Cell 2020; 183:1848-1866.e26. [PMID: 33301708 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major cancer risk factor, but how differences in systemic metabolism change the tumor microenvironment (TME) and impact anti-tumor immunity is not understood. Here, we demonstrate that high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity impairs CD8+ T cell function in the murine TME, accelerating tumor growth. We generate a single-cell resolution atlas of cellular metabolism in the TME, detailing how it changes with diet-induced obesity. We find that tumor and CD8+ T cells display distinct metabolic adaptations to obesity. Tumor cells increase fat uptake with HFD, whereas tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells do not. These differential adaptations lead to altered fatty acid partitioning in HFD tumors, impairing CD8+ T cell infiltration and function. Blocking metabolic reprogramming by tumor cells in obese mice improves anti-tumor immunity. Analysis of human cancers reveals similar transcriptional changes in CD8+ T cell markers, suggesting interventions that exploit metabolism to improve cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E Ringel
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jefte M Drijvers
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gregory J Baker
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alessia Catozzi
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Juan C García-Cañaveras
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Biomarkers and Precision Medicine Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Hospital La Fe, València 46026, Spain
| | - Brandon M Gassaway
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brian C Miller
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vikram R Juneja
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thao H Nguyen
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shakchhi Joshi
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cong-Hui Yao
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Haejin Yoon
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter T Sage
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Martin W LaFleur
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Justin D Trombley
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Connor A Jacobson
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zoltan Maliga
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter K Sorger
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Biomarkers and Precision Medicine Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Hospital La Fe, València 46026, Spain
| | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Marcia C Haigis
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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11
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Chen S, Wang Y, Pan Y, Liu Y, Zheng S, Ding K, Mu K, Yuan Y, Li Z, Song H, Jin Y, Fu J. Novel Role for Tranilast in Regulating NLRP3 Ubiquitination, Vascular Inflammation, and Atherosclerosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e015513. [PMID: 32476536 PMCID: PMC7429049 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.015513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Aberrant activation of the NLRP3 (nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain, leucine‐rich repeat–containing receptor family pyrin domain‐containing 3) inflammasome is thought to play a causative role in atherosclerosis. NLRP3 is kept in an inactive ubiquitinated state to avoid unwanted NLRP3 inflammasome activation. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that pharmacologic manipulating of NLRP3 ubiquitination blunts the assembly and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and protects against vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Since genetic studies yielded mixed results about the role for this inflammasome in atherosclerosis in low‐density lipoprotein receptor– or apolipoprotein E–deficient mice, this study attempted to clarify the discrepancy with the pharmacologic approach using both models. Methods and Results We provided the first evidence demonstrating that tranilast facilitates NLRP3 ubiquitination. We showed that tranilast restricted NLRP3 oligomerization and inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome assembly. Tranilast markedly suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation in low‐density lipoprotein receptor– and apolipoprotein E–deficient macrophages. Through reconstitution of the NLRP3 inflammasome in human embryonic kidney 293T cells, we found that tranilast directly limited NLRP3 inflammasome activation. By adopting different regimens for tranilast treatment of low‐density lipoprotein receptor– and apolipoprotein E–deficient mice, we demonstrated that tranilast blunted the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Mice receiving tranilast displayed a significant reduction in atherosclerotic lesion size, concomitant with a pronounced decline in macrophage content and expression of inflammatory molecules in the plaques compared with the control group. Moreover, tranilast treatment of mice substantially hindered the expression and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the atherosclerotic lesions. Conclusions Tranilast potently enhances NLRP3 ubiquitination, blunts the assembly and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and ameliorates vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis in both low‐density lipoprotein receptor– and apolipoprotein E–deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwen Chen
- The Laboratory of Inflammation and Vascular Biology Institute of Clinical Medicine Department of Cardiology Hubei China
| | - Yadong Wang
- The Laboratory of Inflammation and Vascular Biology Institute of Clinical Medicine Department of Cardiology Hubei China
| | - Yamu Pan
- The Laboratory of Inflammation and Vascular Biology Institute of Clinical Medicine Department of Cardiology Hubei China
| | - Yao Liu
- The Laboratory of Inflammation and Vascular Biology Institute of Clinical Medicine Department of Cardiology Hubei China
| | - Shuang Zheng
- The Laboratory of Inflammation and Vascular Biology Institute of Clinical Medicine Department of Cardiology Hubei China
| | - Ke Ding
- The Laboratory of Inflammation and Vascular Biology Institute of Clinical Medicine Department of Cardiology Hubei China
| | - Kaiyu Mu
- The Laboratory of Inflammation and Vascular Biology Institute of Clinical Medicine Department of Cardiology Hubei China
| | - Ye Yuan
- The Laboratory of Inflammation and Vascular Biology Institute of Clinical Medicine Department of Cardiology Hubei China
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- The Laboratory of Inflammation and Vascular Biology Institute of Clinical Medicine Department of Cardiology Hubei China
| | - Hongxian Song
- The Laboratory of Inflammation and Vascular Biology Institute of Clinical Medicine Department of Cardiology Hubei China
| | - Ying Jin
- The Laboratory of Inflammation and Vascular Biology Institute of Clinical Medicine Department of Cardiology Hubei China.,Renmin Hospital Hubei University of Medicine Hubei China
| | - Jian Fu
- The Laboratory of Inflammation and Vascular Biology Institute of Clinical Medicine Department of Cardiology Hubei China
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12
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de la Vega E, González N, Cabezas F, Montecino F, Blanco N, Olguín H. USP7-dependent control of myogenin stability is required for terminal differentiation in skeletal muscle progenitors. FEBS J 2020; 287:4659-4677. [PMID: 32115872 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Satellite cells (SCs) are myogenic progenitors responsible for skeletal muscle regeneration and maintenance. Upon activation, SCs enter a phase of robust proliferation followed by terminal differentiation. Underlying this myogenic progression, the sequential expression of muscle regulatory transcription factors (MRFs) and the downregulation of transcription factor paired box gene 7 (Pax7) are key steps regulating SC fate. In addition to transcriptional regulation, post-translational control of Pax7 and the MRFs provides another layer of spatiotemporal control to the myogenic process. In this context, previous work showed that Pax7 is ubiquitinated by the E3 ligase neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated protein 4 and interacts with several proteins related to the ubiquitin-proteasome system, including the deubiquitinase ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7). Although USP7 functions in diverse cellular contexts, its role(s) during myogenesis remains poorly explored. Here, we show that USP7 is transiently expressed in adult muscle progenitors, correlating with the onset of myogenin expression, while it is downregulated in newly formed myotubes/myofibers. Acute inhibition of USP7 activity upon muscle injury results in persistent expression of early regeneration markers and a significant reduction in the diameter of regenerating myofibers. At the molecular level, USP7 downregulation or pharmacological inhibition impairs muscle differentiation by affecting myogenin stability. Co-immunoprecipitation and in vitro activity assays indicate that myogenin is a novel USP7 target for deubiquitination. These results suggest that USP7 regulates SC myogenic progression by enhancing myogenin stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo de la Vega
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Adult Stem Cells, Molecular and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia González
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Adult Stem Cells, Molecular and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Cabezas
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Adult Stem Cells, Molecular and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabián Montecino
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Adult Stem Cells, Molecular and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natasha Blanco
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Adult Stem Cells, Molecular and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo Olguín
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Adult Stem Cells, Molecular and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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13
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Bakshi HA, Mishra V, Satija S, Mehta M, Hakkim FL, Kesharwani P, Dua K, Chellappan DK, Charbe NB, Shrivastava G, Rajeshkumar S, Aljabali AA, Al-Trad B, Pabreja K, Tambuwala MM. Dynamics of Prolyl Hydroxylases Levels During Disease Progression in Experimental Colitis. Inflammation 2020; 42:2032-2036. [PMID: 31377947 PMCID: PMC6856031 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitors are shown to be protective in several models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, these non-selective inhibitors are known to inhibit all the three isoforms of PHD, i.e. PHD-1, PHD-2 and PHD-3. In the present report, we investigated the associated changes in levels of PHDs during the development and recovery of chemically induced colitis in mice. The results indicated that in the experimental model of murine colitis, levels of both, PHD-1 and PHD-2 were found to be increased with the progression of the disease; however, the level of PHD-3 remained the same in group of healthy controls and mice with colitis. Thus, the findings advocated that inhibitors, which inhibited all three isoforms of PHD could not be ideal therapeutics for IBD since PHD-3 is required for normal gut function. Hence, this necessitates the development of new compounds capable of selectively inhibiting PHD-1 and PHD-2 for effective treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid A Bakshi
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Satija
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Meenu Mehta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Faruk L Hakkim
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, College of Arts and Applied Sciences, Dhofar University, Salalah, Oman
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Dinesh K Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nitin B Charbe
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña McKenna 4860, 7820436, Macul, Santiago, Chile
- Sri Adichunchunagiri College of Pharmacy, Sri Adichunchunagiri University, BG Nagar, Karnataka, 571418, India
| | | | - S Rajeshkumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India
| | - Alaa A Aljabali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Bahaa Al-Trad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, 21163, Jordan
| | - Kavita Pabreja
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK.
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14
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Fong LY, Taccioli C, Palamarchuk A, Tagliazucchi GM, Jing R, Smalley KJ, Fan S, Altemus J, Fiehn O, Huebner K, Farber JL, Croce CM. Abrogation of esophageal carcinoma development in miR-31 knockout rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:6075-6085. [PMID: 32123074 PMCID: PMC7084137 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1920333117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-31 (miR-31) is overexpressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), a deadly disease associated with dietary Zn deficiency and inflammation. In a Zn deficiency-promoted rat ESCC model with miR-31 up-regulation, cancer-associated inflammation, and a high ESCC burden following N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA) exposure, systemic antimiR-31 delivery reduced ESCC incidence from 85 to 45% (P = 0.038) and miR-31 gene knockout abrogated development of ESCC (P = 1 × 10-6). Transcriptomics, genome sequencing, and metabolomics analyses in these Zn-deficient rats revealed the molecular basis of ESCC abrogation by miR-31 knockout. Our identification of EGLN3, a known negative regulator of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), as a direct target of miR-31 establishes a functional link between oncomiR-31, tumor suppressor target EGLN3, and up-regulated NF-κB-controlled inflammation signaling. Interaction among oncogenic miR-31, EGLN3 down-regulation, and inflammation was also documented in human ESCCs. miR-31 deletion resulted in suppression of miR-31-associated EGLN3/NF-κB-controlled inflammatory pathways. ESCC-free, Zn-deficient miR-31-/- rat esophagus displayed no genome instability and limited metabolic activity changes vs. the pronounced mutational burden and ESCC-associated metabolic changes of Zn-deficient wild-type rats. These results provide conclusive evidence that miR-31 expression is necessary for ESCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Y Fong
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107;
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Cristian Taccioli
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Alexey Palamarchuk
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | | | - Ruiyan Jing
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Karl J Smalley
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Sili Fan
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Joseph Altemus
- Office of Animal Resources, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Kay Huebner
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - John L Farber
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210;
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15
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Fan Q, Mao H, Xie L, Pi X. Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain-2 Protein Regulates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Vascular Inflammation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 189:200-213. [PMID: 30339838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury and its more severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome, are life-threatening respiratory disorders. Overwhelming pulmonary inflammation and endothelium disruption are commonly observed. Endothelial cells (ECs) are well recognized as key regulators in leukocyte adhesion and migration in response to bacterial infection. Prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD)-2 protein, a major PHD in ECs, plays a critical role in intracellular oxygen homeostasis, angiogenesis, and pulmonary hypertension. However, its role in endothelial inflammatory response is unclear. We investigated the role of PHD2 in ECs during endotoxin-induced lung inflammatory responses with EC-specific PHD2 inducible knockout mice. On lipopolysaccharide challenge, PHD2 depletion in ECs attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced increases of lung vascular permeability, edema, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Moreover, EC-specific PHD2 inducible knockout mice exhibit improved adherens junction integrity and endothelial barrier function. Mechanistically, PHD2 knockdown induces vascular endothelial cadherin in mouse lung microvascular primary endothelial cells. Moreover, PHD2 knockdown can increase hypoxia-inducible factor/vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase signaling and reactive oxygen species-dependent p38 activation, leading to the induction of vascular endothelial cadherin. Data indicate that PHD2 depletion prevents the formation of leaky vessels and edema by regulating endothelial barrier function. It provides direct in vivo evidence to suggest that PHD2 plays a pivotal role in vascular inflammation. The inhibition of endothelial PHD2 activity may be a new therapeutic strategy for acute inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiying Fan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Section of Athero and Lipo, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Hua Mao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Section of Athero and Lipo, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Liang Xie
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Section of Athero and Lipo, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
| | - Xinchun Pi
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Section of Athero and Lipo, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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16
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Nakashima Y, Miyagi-Shiohira C, Noguchi H, Omasa T. Atorvastatin Inhibits the HIF1α-PPAR Axis, Which Is Essential for Maintaining the Function of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Mol Ther 2018; 26:1715-1734. [PMID: 29929789 PMCID: PMC6036234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein report a novel mechanism of action of statin preparations using a new drug discovery method. Milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 protein (MFG-E8) was identified from the secretory component of mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) as a cell adhesion-promoting factor effective for screening active cellular agents of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) in vitro using electrochemical impedance. Our analyses showed that atorvastatin did not cause death in myocardial cells differentiated from hiPSCs but reduced the pluripotent cell survival in vitro when using serum- and albumin-free media, and inhibited the ability to form teratomas in mice. This result could have been already the cytopathic effect of atorvastatin, and complete elimination of hiPSCs was confirmed in the xenotransplantation assay. The administration of atorvastatin to hiPSCs caused the expression of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)1α mRNA to be unchanged at 6 hr and downregulated at 24 hr. In addition, the inhibition of the survival of hiPSCs was confirmed by HIF1α-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) axis inhibition. These results suggest that the addition of atorvastatin to hiPSC cultures reduces the survival of pluripotent cells by suppressing the HIF1α-PPAR axis. In summary, the HIF1α-PPAR axis has an important role in maintaining the survival of pluripotent hiPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Nakashima
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan; Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan.
| | - Chika Miyagi-Shiohira
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Noguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Takeshi Omasa
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan; Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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17
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Pickel C, Taylor CT, Scholz CC. Genetic Knockdown and Pharmacologic Inhibition of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF) Hydroxylases. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1742:1-14. [PMID: 29330785 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7665-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Reduced oxygen supply that does not satisfy tissue and cellular demand (hypoxia) regularly occurs both in health and disease. Hence, the capacity for cellular oxygen sensing is of vital importance for each cell to be able to alter its energy metabolism and promote adaptation to hypoxia. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylases 1-3 (PHD1-3) and the asparagine hydroxylase factor-inhibiting HIF (FIH) are the primary cellular oxygen sensors, which confer cellular oxygen-dependent sensitivity upon HIF as well as other hypoxia-sensitive pathways, such as nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Studying these enzymes allows us to understand the oxygen-dependent regulation of cellular processes and has led to the development of several putative novel therapeutics, which are currently in clinical trials for the treatment of anemia associated with kidney disease. Pharmacologic inhibition and genetic knockdown are commonly established techniques in protein biochemistry and are used to investigate the activity and function of proteins. Here, we describe specific protocols for the knockdown and inhibition of the HIF prolyl hydroxylases 1-3 (PHD1-3) and the asparagine hydroxylase factor-inhibiting HIF (FIH) using RNA interference (RNAi) and hydroxylase inhibitors, respectively. These techniques are essential tools for the analysis of the function of the HIF hydroxylases, allowing the investigation and discovery of novel functions and substrates of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Pickel
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, Charles Institute and Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carsten C Scholz
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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18
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Johnson ZI, Doolittle AC, Snuggs JW, Shapiro IM, Le Maitre CL, Risbud MV. TNF-α promotes nuclear enrichment of the transcription factor TonEBP/NFAT5 to selectively control inflammatory but not osmoregulatory responses in nucleus pulposus cells. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:17561-17575. [PMID: 28842479 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.790378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) causes chronic back pain and is linked to production of proinflammatory molecules by nucleus pulposus (NP) and other disc cells. Activation of tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein (TonEBP)/NFAT5 by non-osmotic stimuli, including proinflammatory molecules, occurs in cells involved in immune response. However, whether inflammatory stimuli activate TonEBP in NP cells and whether TonEBP controls inflammation during IDD is unknown. We show that TNF-α, but not IL-1β or LPS, promoted nuclear enrichment of TonEBP protein. However, TNF-α-mediated activation of TonEBP did not cause induction of osmoregulatory genes. RNA sequencing showed that 8.5% of TNF-α transcriptional responses were TonEBP-dependent and identified genes regulated by both TNF-α and TonEBP. These genes were over-enriched in pathways and diseases related to inflammatory response and inhibition of matrix metalloproteases. Based on RNA-sequencing results, we further investigated regulation of novel TonEBP targets CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL3 TonEBP acted synergistically with TNF-α and LPS to induce CXCL1-proximal promoter activity. Interestingly, this regulation required a highly conserved NF-κB-binding site but not a predicted TonE, suggesting cross-talk between these two members of the Rel family. Finally, analysis of human NP tissue showed that TonEBP expression correlated with canonical osmoregulatory targets TauT/SLC6A6, SMIT/SLC5A3, and AR/AKR1B1, supporting in vitro findings that the inflammatory milieu during IDD does not interfere with TonEBP osmoregulation. In summary, whereas TonEBP participates in the proinflammatory response to TNF-α, therapeutic strategies targeting this transcription factor for treatment of disc disease must spare osmoprotective, prosurvival, and matrix homeostatic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zariel I Johnson
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107 and
| | - Alexandra C Doolittle
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107 and
| | - Joseph W Snuggs
- the Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, S1 1WB Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Irving M Shapiro
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107 and
| | - Christine L Le Maitre
- the Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, S1 1WB Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Makarand V Risbud
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107 and
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19
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D'Ignazio L, Batie M, Rocha S. Hypoxia and Inflammation in Cancer, Focus on HIF and NF-κB. Biomedicines 2017; 5:E21. [PMID: 28536364 PMCID: PMC5489807 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines5020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is often characterised by the presence of hypoxia and inflammation. Paramount to the mechanisms controlling cellular responses under such stress stimuli, are the transcription factor families of Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) and Nuclear Factor of κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Although, a detailed understating of how these transcription factors respond to their cognate stimulus is well established, it is now appreciated that HIF and NF-κB undergo extensive crosstalk, in particular in pathological situations such as cancer. Here, we focus on the current knowledge on how HIF is activated by inflammation and how NF-κB is modulated by hypoxia. We summarise the evidence for the possible mechanism behind this activation and how HIF and NF-κB function impacts cancer, focusing on colorectal, breast and lung cancer. We discuss possible new points of therapeutic intervention aiming to harness the current understanding of the HIF-NF-κB crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D'Ignazio
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD15EH, UK.
| | - Michael Batie
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD15EH, UK.
| | - Sonia Rocha
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD15EH, UK.
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20
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Manresa MC, Taylor CT. Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) Hydroxylases as Regulators of Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 3:303-315. [PMID: 28462372 PMCID: PMC5404106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human health is dependent on the ability of the body to extract nutrients, fluids, and oxygen from the external environment while at the same time maintaining a state of internal sterility. Therefore, the cell layers that cover the surface areas of the body such as the lung, skin, and gastrointestinal mucosa provide vital semipermeable barriers that allow the transport of essential nutrients, fluid, and waste products, while at the same time keeping the internal compartments free of microbial organisms. These epithelial surfaces are highly specialized and differ in their anatomic structure depending on their location to provide appropriate and effective site-specific barrier function. Given this important role, it is not surprising that significant disease often is associated with alterations in epithelial barrier function. Examples of such diseases include inflammatory bowel disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and atopic dermatitis. These chronic inflammatory disorders often are characterized by diminished tissue oxygen levels (hypoxia). Hypoxia triggers an adaptive transcriptional response governed by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), which are repressed by a family of oxygen-sensing HIF hydroxylases. Here, we review recent evidence suggesting that pharmacologic hydroxylase inhibition may be of therapeutic benefit in inflammatory bowel disease through the promotion of intestinal epithelial barrier function through both HIF-dependent and HIF-independent mechanisms.
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Key Words
- CD, Crohn’s disease
- DMOG, dimethyloxalylglycine
- DSS, dextran sodium sulfate
- Epithelial Barrier
- FIH, factor inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor
- HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor
- Hypoxia
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF) Hydroxylases
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IL, interleukin
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- PHD, hypoxia-inducible factor–prolyl hydroxylases
- TFF, trefoil factor
- TJ, tight junction
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α
- UC, ulcerative colitis
- ZO, zonula occludens
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario C. Manresa
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- Charles Institute of Dermatology, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cormac T. Taylor
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- Charles Institute of Dermatology, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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21
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Johnson ZI, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. RNA Sequencing Reveals a Role of TonEBP Transcription Factor in Regulation of Pro-inflammatory Genes in Response to Hyperosmolarity in Healthy Nucleus Pulposus Cells: A HOMEOSTATIC RESPONSE? J Biol Chem 2016; 291:26686-26697. [PMID: 27875309 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.757732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein (TonEBP/NFAT5) is critical for osmo-adaptation and extracellular matrix homeostasis of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells in their hypertonic tissue niche. Recent studies implicate TonEBP signaling in inflammatory disease and rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis. However, broader functions of TonEBP in the disc remain unknown. RNA sequencing was performed on NP cells with TonEBP knockdown under hypertonic conditions. 1140 TonEBP-dependent genes were identified and categorized using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Bioinformatic analysis showed enrichment of matrix homeostasis and cytokine/chemokine signaling pathways. C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), interleukin 6 (IL6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) were studied further. Knockdown experiments showed that TonEBP was necessary to maintain expression levels of these genes. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments and site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated that TonEBP binding to a specific site in the CCL2 promoter is required for hypertonic inducibility. Despite inhibition by dominant-negative TonEBP, IL6 and NOS2 promoters were not hypertonicity-inducible. Whole-disc response to hypertonicity was studied in an ex vivo organ culture model, using wild-type and haploinsufficient TonEBP mice. Pro-inflammatory targets were induced by hypertonicity in discs from wild-type but not TonEBP-haploinsufficient mice. Mechanistically, NF-κB activity increased with hypertonicity and was necessary for hypertonic induction of target genes IL6, TNF, and NOS2 but not CCL2 Although TonEBP maintains transcription of genes traditionally considered pro-inflammatory, it is important to note that some of these genes also serve anabolic and pro-survival roles. Therefore, in NP cells, this phenomenon may reflect a physiological adaptation to diurnal osmotic loading of the intervertebral disc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zariel I Johnson
- Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Irving M Shapiro
- Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107.,From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
| | - Makarand V Risbud
- Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107 .,From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
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22
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Prolyl hydroxylase domain enzymes and their role in cell signaling and cancer metabolism. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 80:71-80. [PMID: 27702652 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) enzymes regulate the stability of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) in response to oxygen availability. During oxygen limitation, the inhibition of PHD permits the stabilization of HIF, allowing the cellular adaptation to hypoxia. This adaptation is especially important for solid tumors, which are often exposed to a hypoxic environment. However, and despite their original role as the oxygen sensors of the cell, PHD are currently known to display HIF-independent and hydroxylase-independent functions in the control of different cellular pathways, including mTOR pathway, NF-kB pathway, apoptosis and cellular metabolism. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the regulation and functions of PHD in cancer signaling and cell metabolism.
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23
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Distinct breast cancer stem/progenitor cell populations require either HIF1α or loss of PHD3 to expand under hypoxic conditions. Oncotarget 2016; 6:31721-39. [PMID: 26372732 PMCID: PMC4741635 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneous nature of breast cancer is a result of intrinsic tumor complexity and also of the tumor microenvironment, which is known to be hypoxic. We found that hypoxia expands different breast stem/progenitor cell populations (cells with increased aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (Aldefluor+), high mammosphere formation capacity and CD44+CD24−/low cells) both in primary normal epithelial and tumor cells. The presence of the estrogen receptor (ER) limits hypoxia-dependent CD44+CD24−/low cell expansion. We further show that the hypoxia-driven cancer stem-like cell enrichment results from a dedifferentiation process. The enhanced mammosphere formation and Aldefluor+ cell content observed in breast cancer cells relies on hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α). In contrast, the CD44+CD24−/low population expansion is HIF1α independent and requires prolyl hydroxylase 3 (PHD3) downregulation, which mimics hypoxic conditions, leading to reduced CD24 expression through activation of NFkB signaling. These studies show that hypoxic conditions expand CSC populations through distinct molecular mechanisms. Thus, potential therapies that combine current treatments for breast cancer with drugs that target CSC should take into account the heterogeneity of the CSC subpopulations.
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24
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Singh Y, Shi X, Zhang S, Umbach AT, Chen H, Salker MS, Lang F. Prolyl hydroxylase 3 (PHD3) expression augments the development of regulatory T cells. Mol Immunol 2016; 76:7-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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25
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Taylor CT, Doherty G, Fallon PG, Cummins EP. Hypoxia-dependent regulation of inflammatory pathways in immune cells. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3716-3724. [PMID: 27454299 DOI: 10.1172/jci84433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled inflammation underpins a diverse range of diseases where effective therapy remains an unmet clinical need. Hypoxia is a prominent feature of the inflammatory microenvironment that regulates key transcription factors including HIF and NF-κB in both innate and adaptive immune cells. In turn, altered activity of the pathways controlled by these factors can affect the course of inflammation through the regulation of immune cell development and function. In this review, we will discuss these pathways and the oxygen sensors that confer hypoxic sensitivity in immune cells. Furthermore, we will describe how hypoxia-dependent pathways contribute to immunity and discuss their potential as therapeutic targets in inflammatory and infectious disease.
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26
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Müller-Edenborn K, Léger K, Glaus Garzon JF, Oertli C, Mirsaidi A, Richards PJ, Rehrauer H, Spielmann P, Hoogewijs D, Borsig L, Hottiger MO, Wenger RH. Hypoxia attenuates the proinflammatory response in colon cancer cells by regulating IκB. Oncotarget 2016; 6:20288-301. [PMID: 25978030 PMCID: PMC4653005 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Two main features common to all solid tumors are tissue hypoxia and inflammation, both of which cause tumor progression, metastasis, therapy resistance and increased mortality. Chronic inflammation is associated with increased cancer risk, as demonstrated for inflammatory bowel disease patients developing colon cancer. However, the interplay between hypoxia and inflammation on the molecular level remains to be elucidated. We found that MC-38 mouse colon cancer cells contain functional hypoxic (HIF-1α) and inflammatory (p65/RelA) signaling pathways. In contrast to cells of the myeloid lineage, HIF-1α levels remained unaffected in MC-38 cells treated with LPS, and hypoxia failed to induce NF-κB. A similar regulation of canonical HIF and NF-κB target genes confirmed these results. RNA deep sequencing of HIF-1α and p65/RelA knock-down cells revealed that a surprisingly large fraction of HIF target genes required p65/RelA for hypoxic regulation and a number of p65/RelA target genes required HIF-1α for proinflammatory regulation, respectively. Hypoxia attenuated the inflammatory response to LPS by inhibiting nuclear translocation of p65/RelA independently of HIF-1α, which was associated with enhanced IκBα levels and decreased IKKβ phosphorylation. These data demonstrate that the interaction between hypoxic and inflammatory signaling pathways needs to be considered when designing cancer therapies targeting HIF or NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Müller-Edenborn
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karolin Léger
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jesus F Glaus Garzon
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carole Oertli
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ali Mirsaidi
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter J Richards
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hubert Rehrauer
- Functional Genomics Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Spielmann
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Hoogewijs
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lubor Borsig
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael O Hottiger
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland H Wenger
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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27
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Wang P, Zhang F, He Q, Wang J, Shiu HT, Shu Y, Tsang WP, Liang S, Zhao K, Wan C. Flavonoid Compound Icariin Activates Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α in Chondrocytes and Promotes Articular Cartilage Repair. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148372. [PMID: 26841115 PMCID: PMC4739592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage has poor capability for repair following trauma or degenerative pathology due to avascular property, low cell density and migratory ability. Discovery of novel therapeutic approaches for articular cartilage repair remains a significant clinical need. Hypoxia is a hallmark for cartilage development and pathology. Hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) has been identified as a key mediator for chondrocytes to response to fluctuations of oxygen availability during cartilage development or repair. This suggests that HIF-1α may serve as a target for modulating chondrocyte functions. In this study, using phenotypic cellular screen assays, we identify that Icariin, an active flavonoid component from Herba Epimedii, activates HIF-1α expression in chondrocytes. We performed systemic in vitro and in vivo analysis to determine the roles of Icariin in regulation of chondrogenesis. Our results show that Icariin significantly increases hypoxia responsive element luciferase reporter activity, which is accompanied by increased accumulation and nuclear translocation of HIF-1α in murine chondrocytes. The phenotype is associated with inhibiting PHD activity through interaction between Icariin and iron ions. The upregulation of HIF-1α mRNA levels in chondrocytes persists during chondrogenic differentiation for 7 and 14 days. Icariin (10−6 M) increases the proliferation of chondrocytes or chondroprogenitors examined by MTT, BrdU incorporation or colony formation assays. Icariin enhances chondrogenic marker expression in a micromass culture including Sox9, collagen type 2 (Col2α1) and aggrecan as determined by real-time PCR and promotes extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis indicated by Alcian blue staining. ELISA assays show dramatically increased production of aggrecan and hydroxyproline in Icariin-treated cultures at day 14 of chondrogenic differentiation as compared with the controls. Meanwhile, the expression of chondrocyte catabolic marker genes including Mmp2, Mmp9, Mmp13, Adamts4 and Adamts5 was downregulated following Icariin treatment for 14 days. In a differentiation assay using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) carrying HIF-1α floxed allele, the promotive effect of Icariin on chondrogenic differentiation is largely decreased following Cre recombinase-mediated deletion of HIF-1α in MSCs as indicated by Alcian blue staining for proteoglycan synthesis. In an alginate hydrogel 3D culture system, Icariin increases Safranin O positive (SO+) cartilage area. This phenotype is accompanied by upregulation of HIF-1α, increased proliferating cell nuclear antigen positive (PCNA+) cell numbers, SOX9+ chondrogenic cell numbers, and Col2 expression in the newly formed cartilage. Coincide with the micromass culture, Icariin treatment upregulates mRNA levels of Sox9, Col2α1, aggrecan and Col10α1 in the 3D cultures. We then generated alginate hydrogel 3D complexes incorporated with Icariin. The 3D complexes were transplanted in a mouse osteochondral defect model. ICRS II histological scoring at 6 and 12 weeks post-transplantation shows that 3D complexes incorporated with Icariin significantly enhance articular cartilage repair with higher scores particularly in selected parameters including SO+ cartilage area, subchondral bone and overall assessment than that of the controls. The results suggest that Icariin may inhibit PHD activity likely through competition for cellular iron ions and therefore it may serve as an HIF-1α activator to promote articular cartilage repair through regulating chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation and integration with subchondral bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhen Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (Jinan University - The Chinese University of Hong Kong), Guangzhou 510000, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Institute of Stem Cell, Genomics and Translational Research, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Fengjie Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Institute of Stem Cell, Genomics and Translational Research, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (The Chinese University of Hong Kong - Jinan University), School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qiling He
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Jianqi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hoi Ting Shiu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (The Chinese University of Hong Kong - Jinan University), School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yinglan Shu
- School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Institute of Stem Cell, Genomics and Translational Research, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (The Chinese University of Hong Kong - Jinan University), School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing Pui Tsang
- School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Institute of Stem Cell, Genomics and Translational Research, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (The Chinese University of Hong Kong - Jinan University), School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Institute of Stem Cell, Genomics and Translational Research, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (The Chinese University of Hong Kong - Jinan University), School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Institute of Stem Cell, Genomics and Translational Research, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (The Chinese University of Hong Kong - Jinan University), School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chao Wan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (Jinan University - The Chinese University of Hong Kong), Guangzhou 510000, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Institute of Stem Cell, Genomics and Translational Research, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (The Chinese University of Hong Kong - Jinan University), School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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28
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Abstract
Uncontrolled or non-resolving inflammation underpins a range of disease states including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and atherosclerosis. Hypoxia is a prominent feature of chronically inflamed tissues. This is due to elevated oxygen consumption by highly metabolically active inflamed resident cells and activated infiltrating immunocytes, as well as diminished oxygen supply due to vascular dysfunction. Tissue hypoxia can have a significant impact upon inflammatory signaling pathways in immune and non-immune cells and this can impact upon disease progression. In this review, we will discuss the relationship between tissue hypoxia and inflammation and identify how hypoxia-sensitive signaling pathways are potential therapeutic targets in chronic inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin P Cummins
- School of Medicine and Medical Science & The Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ciara E Keogh
- School of Medicine and Medical Science & The Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Daniel Crean
- School of Medicine and Medical Science & The Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- School of Medicine and Medical Science & The Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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29
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Park EC, Rongo C. The p38 MAP kinase pathway modulates the hypoxia response and glutamate receptor trafficking in aging neurons. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 26731517 PMCID: PMC4775213 DOI: 10.7554/elife.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons are sensitive to low oxygen (hypoxia) and employ a conserved pathway to combat its effects. Here, we show that p38 MAP Kinase (MAPK) modulates this hypoxia response pathway in C. elegans. Mutants lacking p38 MAPK components pmk-1 or sek-1 resemble mutants lacking the hypoxia response component and prolyl hydroxylase egl-9, with impaired subcellular localization of Mint orthologue LIN-10, internalization of glutamate receptor GLR-1, and depression of GLR-1-mediated behaviors. Loss of p38 MAPK impairs EGL-9 protein localization in neurons and activates the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor HIF-1, suggesting that p38 MAPK inhibits the hypoxia response pathway through EGL-9. As animals age, p38 MAPK levels decrease, resulting in GLR-1 internalization; this age-dependent downregulation can be prevented through either p38 MAPK overexpression or removal of CDK-5, an antagonizing kinase. Our findings demonstrate that p38 MAPK inhibits the hypoxia response pathway and determines how aging neurons respond to hypoxia through a novel mechanism. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.12010.001 The brain accounts for 2% of our body weight, but consumes about 20% of our oxygen intake. This oxygen gluttony is due to the tremendous appetite of brain cells for energy, which neurons satisfy through oxygen-dependent (aerobic) metabolism. As a result, the loss of oxygen to the brain during a stroke, heart attack, or due to another medical condition can be very damaging to cells in the brain. Human and other animal cells use a communication system called the hypoxia response pathway to sense oxygen and trigger a protective response when oxygen is low. This pathway includes an enzyme called prolyl hydroxylase, which senses oxygen and modifies another protein in the pathway that regulates the production of enzymes involved in metabolism. This alters the balance of enzymes involved in aerobic and oxygen-independent (anaerobic) metabolism in the cell. However, it is not clear how the activity of the prolyl hydroxylase is regulated. Much of our knowledge about the hypoxia response pathway has been gained from studies using a small worm called C. elegans. This worm uses the pathway to cope with hypoxia in the harsh environment of the soil. Mutant worms that lack the prolyl hydroxylase have several abnormalities including higher levels of anaerobic metabolism even in the presence of oxygen, and defects in the connections between neurons. Park and Rongo used C. elegans to study the pathway in more detail. The experiments show that another enzyme called p38 MAPK activates the prolyl hydroxylase. Mutant worms that lack this enzyme have similar abnormalities in the hypoxia response pathway as animals that lack the prolyl hydroxylase. In normal worms, decreasing levels of p38 MAPK as the animals grow older contribute to the decline in the nervous system. The p38 MAPK enzyme appears to work by regulating the activity of the prolyl hydroxylase and its location inside neurons. These findings provide a new target for the development of drugs that may help to protect us from tissue damage caused by hypoxia. Future challenges are to find out what activates p38 MAPK, and how it influences the location of prolyl hydroxylase in neurons. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.12010.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Chan Park
- The Waksman Institute, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey, United States.,Department of Genetics, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey, United States
| | - Christopher Rongo
- The Waksman Institute, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey, United States.,Department of Genetics, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey, United States
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Chen N, Huang CH, Chen BX, Liu H, Wang WM, Gul Y, Wang HL. Alternative splicing transcription of Megalobrama amblycephala HIF prolyl hydroxylase PHD3 and up-regulation of PHD3 by HIF-1α. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 469:737-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Catalytic-independent inhibition of cIAP1-mediated RIP1 ubiquitination by EGLN3. Cell Signal 2015; 28:72-80. [PMID: 26612615 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
EGLN3 belongs to the EGLN family of prolyl hydroxylases that are able to catalyze the hydroxylation of proteins such as the α subunits of hypoxia-inducible factor. We and others have shown that EGLN3 negatively regulates the canonical NFκB pathway. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that EGLN3 inhibits ubiquitination of IKKγ (the regulatory subunit of IκB kinase complex) which is vitally important for NFκB activation. Polyubiquitination of the RIP1 (receptor-interacting protein 1) kinase is important for NFκB activation triggered by tumor necrosis factor α. It remains to be determined whether EGLN3 is able to modulate RIP1 ubiquitination catalyzed by cIAP1 (cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1). This study shows that EGLN3 interacts with cIAP1 and suppresses cIAP1-mediated RIP1 ubiquitination via the C-terminal region. The hydroxylase activity is not required for the ability of EGLN3 to restrain RIP1 ubiquitination. Furthermore, EGLN3 is a novel binding protein of RIP1. The C-terminal region of EGLN3 is responsible for its interaction with RIP1. EGLN3 hydroxylase activity is not essential for the EGLN3-RIP1 interaction. EGLN3 interferes with the association between RIP1 and cIAP1, and attenuates RIP1-induced NFκB activation. This study provides novel insight into the mechanism underlying EGLN3 inhibition of NFκB signaling and sheds light on the regulation of RIP1 ubiquitination.
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Wang L, Cui S, Ma L, Kong L, Geng X. Current advances in the novel functions of hypoxia-inducible factor and prolyl hydroxylase in invertebrates. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 24:634-648. [PMID: 26387499 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen is essential for aerobic life, and hypoxia has very severe consequences. Organisms need to overcome low oxygen levels to maintain biological functions during normal development and in disease states. The mechanism underlying the hypoxic response has been widely investigated in model animals such as Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), a key gene product in the response to oxygen deprivation, is primarily regulated by prolyl hydroxylase domain enzymes (PHDs). However, recent findings have uncovered novel HIF-independent functions of PHDs. This review provides an overview of how invertebrates are able to sustain hypoxic damages, and highlights some recent discoveries in the regulation of cellular signalling by PHDs. Given that some core genes and major pathways are evolutionarily conserved, these research findings could provide insight into oxygen-sensitive signalling in mammals, and have biomedical implications for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
| | - S Cui
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
| | - L Ma
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
| | - L Kong
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
| | - X Geng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
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López-Bernardo E, Anedda A, Sánchez-Pérez P, Acosta-Iborra B, Cadenas S. 4-Hydroxynonenal induces Nrf2-mediated UCP3 upregulation in mouse cardiomyocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:427-438. [PMID: 25843654 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) is a highly cytotoxic product of lipid peroxidation. Nevertheless, at low concentrations, it is able to mediate cell signaling and to activate protective pathways, including that of the transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2). In addition, HNE activates uncoupling proteins (UCPs), mitochondrial inner membrane proteins that mediate uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and have been proposed to protect against oxidative stress. It is not known, however, whether HNE might induce UCP expression via Nrf2 to cause mitochondrial uncoupling. We investigated the effects of HNE on UCP3 expression in mouse cardiomyocytes and the involvement of Nrf2. HNE induced the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 and enhanced UCP3 expression, effects prevented by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. ChIP assays indicated that Nrf2 bound to the Ucp3 promoter after HNE treatment, increasing its expression. Cardiomyocytes treated with Nrf2- or UCP3-specific siRNA were less tolerant to HNE as reflected by increased cell death, and Nrf2 siRNA prevented HNE-induced UCP3 upregulation. The treatment with HNE greatly altered cardiomyocyte bioenergetics, increasing the proton leak across the inner mitochondrial membrane and severely decreasing the maximal respiratory capacity and the respiratory reserve capacity. These findings confirm that low HNE doses activate Nrf2 in cardiomyocytes and provide the first evidence of Nrf2 binding to the Ucp3 promoter in response to HNE, leading to increased protein expression. These results suggest that the upregulation of UCP3 mediated by Nrf2 in response to HNE might be important in the protection of the heart under conditions of oxidative stress such as ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia López-Bernardo
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM) and Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Anedda
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Sánchez-Pérez
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM) and Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Susana Cadenas
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM) and Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Kang JH, Kwak HJ, Choi HE, Kim J, Hong S, Kim OH, Oh BC, Cheon HG. Involvement of Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain Protein in the Rosiglitazone-Induced Suppression of Osteoblast Differentiation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139093. [PMID: 26418009 PMCID: PMC4587972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rosiglitazone is a well-known anti-diabetic drug that increases insulin sensitivity via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activation, but unfortunately it causes bone loss in animals and humans. A previous study showed that prolyl hydroxylase domain protein (PHD) plays a role in rosiglitazone-induced adipocyte differentiation. Based on the inverse relationship between adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation, we investigated whether PHD is involved in the effects of rosiglitazone on osteoblast differentiation. Rosiglitazone inhibited osteoblast differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner, and in parallel induced three PHD isoforms (PHD1, 2, and 3). PHD inhibitors and knockdown of each isoform prevented the inhibitory effects of rosiglitazone on osteoblast differentiation and increased the expression of Runx2, a transcription factor essential for osteoblastogenesis. MG-132, a proteasomal inhibitor also prevented the rosiglitazone-induced degradation of Runx2. Furthermore, both increased PHD isoform expressions and reduced osteoblast differentiation by rosiglitazone were prevented by PPARγ antagonists, indicating these effects were mediated via PPARγ activation. In vivo oral administration of rosiglitazone to female ICR mice for 8 weeks reduced bone mineral densities and plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and increased PHD expression in femoral primary bone marrow cells and the ubiquitination of Runx2. Together, this suggests that the rosiglitazone-induced suppression of osteoblast differentiation is at least partly induced via PPARγ-mediated PHD induction and subsequent promotion of the ubiquitination and degradation of Runx2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hee Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Kwak
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Eun Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmee Hong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Hee Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chul Oh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyae Gyeong Cheon
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Chen Y, Zhang HS, Fong GH, Xi QL, Wu GH, Bai CG, Ling ZQ, Fan L, Xu YM, Qin YQ, Yuan TL, Sun H, Fang J. PHD3 Stabilizes the Tight Junction Protein Occludin and Protects Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:20580-9. [PMID: 26124271 PMCID: PMC4536461 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.653584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins (PHDs) control cellular adaptation to hypoxia. PHDs are found involved in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, the exact role of PHD3, a member of the PHD family, in IBD remains unknown. We show here that PHD3 plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal epithelial barrier function. We found that genetic ablation of Phd3 in intestinal epithelial cells led to spontaneous colitis in mice. Deletion of PHD3 decreases the level of tight junction protein occludin, leading to a failure of intestinal epithelial barrier function. Further studies indicate that PHD3 stabilizes occludin by preventing the interaction between the E3 ligase Itch and occludin, in a hydroxylase-independent manner. Examination of biopsy of human ulcerative colitis patients indicates that PHD3 is decreased with disease severity, indicating that PHD3 down-regulation is associated with progression of this disease. We show that PHD3 protects intestinal epithelial barrier function and reveal a hydroxylase-independent function of PHD3 in stabilizing occludin. These findings may help open avenues for developing a therapeutic strategy for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- From the Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hai-Sheng Zhang
- From the Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Guo-Hua Fong
- the Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Qiu-Lei Xi
- the Department of Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Guo-Hao Wu
- the Department of Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Chen-Guang Bai
- the Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Ling
- the Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital and Zhejiang Cancer Center, Hangzhou 310022, China, and
| | - Li Fan
- From the Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yi-Ming Xu
- From the Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yan-Qing Qin
- From the Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Tang-Long Yuan
- From the Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Heng Sun
- From the Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jing Fang
- From the Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China, the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100021 China
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Högel H, Miikkulainen P, Bino L, Jaakkola PM. Hypoxia inducible prolyl hydroxylase PHD3 maintains carcinoma cell growth by decreasing the stability of p27. Mol Cancer 2015. [PMID: 26223520 PMCID: PMC4520080 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia can halt cell cycle progression of several cell types at the G1/S interface. The arrest needs to be overcome by cancer cells. We have previously shown that the hypoxia-inducible cellular oxygen sensor PHD3/EGLN3 enhances hypoxic cell cycle entry at the G1/S boundary. Methods We used PHD3 knockdown by siRNA and shRNA in HeLa and 786–0 renal cancer cells. Flow cytometry with cell synchronization was used to study cell growth at different cell cycle phases. Total and phosphospecific antibodies together with cycloheximide chase were used to study p27/CDKN1B expression and fractionations for subcellular protein localization. Results Here we show that PHD3 enhances cell cycle by decreasing the expression of the CDK inhibitor p27/CDKN1B. PHD3 reduction led to increased p27 expression under hypoxia or VHL mutation. p27 was both required and sufficient for the PHD3 knockdown induced cell cycle block. PHD3 knockdown did not affect p27 transcription and the effect was HIF-independent. In contrast, PHD3 depletion increased the p27 half-life from G0 to S-phase. PHD3 depletion led to an increase in p27 phosphorylation at serine 10 without affecting threonine phosphorylation. Intact serine 10 was required for normal hypoxic and PHD3-mediated degradation of p27. Conclusions The data demonstrates that PHD3 can drive cell cycle entry at the G1/S transition through decreasing the half-life of p27 that occurs by attenuating p27S10 phosphorylation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0410-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Högel
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Petra Miikkulainen
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Lucia Bino
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,Present address: Institute of Biophysics, The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Panu M Jaakkola
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11, 20520, Turku, Finland.
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Li J, Yuan W, Jiang S, Ye W, Yang H, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain protein 2 controls NF-κB/p65 transactivation and enhances the catabolic effects of inflammatory cytokines on cells of the nucleus pulposus. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:7195-207. [PMID: 25635047 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.611483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolyl-4-hydroxylase (PHD) proteins are key in sensing tissue hypoxia. In nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, our previous work demonstrated that PHD isoforms have a differential contribution in controlling hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-α degradation and activity. Recently we have shown that a regulatory relationship exists between PHD3 and inflammatory cytokines in NP cells. With respect to PHD2, the most abundant PHD isoform in NP cells, very little is known concerning its function and regulation under inflammatory conditions that characterize intervertebral disc degeneration. Here, we show that PHD2 is a potent regulator of the catabolic activities of TNF-α; silencing of PHD2 significantly decreased TNF-α-induced expression of catabolic markers including SDC4, MMP-3, MMP-13, and ADAMTS5, as well as several inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, while partially restoring aggrecan and collagen II expression. Use of NF-κB reporters with ShPHD2, SiHIF-1α, as well as p65(-/-), PHD2(-/-), and PHD3(-/-) cells, shows that PHD2 serves as a co-activator of NF-κB/p65 signaling in HIF-1-independent fashion. Immunoprecipitation of endogenous and exogenously expressed tagged proteins, as well as fluorescence microscopy, indicates that following TNF-α treatment, PHD2 interacts and co-localizes with p65. Conversely, loss of function experiments using lentivirally delivered Sh-p65, Sh-IKKβ, and NF-κB inhibitor confirmed that cytokine-dependent PHD2 expression in NP cells requires NF-κB signaling. These findings clearly demonstrate that PHD2 forms a regulatory circuit with TNF-α via NF-κB and thereby plays an important role in enhancing activity of this cytokine. We propose that during disc degeneration PHD2 may offer a therapeutic target to mitigate the deleterious actions of TNF-α, a key proinflammatory cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Wen Yuan
- the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Wei Ye
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China, and
| | - Hao Yang
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Irving M Shapiro
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19107
| | - Makarand V Risbud
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19107,
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Henze AT, Garvalov BK, Seidel S, Cuesta AM, Ritter M, Filatova A, Foss F, Dopeso H, Essmann CL, Maxwell PH, Reifenberger G, Carmeliet P, Acker-Palmer A, Acker T. Loss of PHD3 allows tumours to overcome hypoxic growth inhibition and sustain proliferation through EGFR. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5582. [PMID: 25420773 PMCID: PMC4263145 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid tumours are exposed to microenvironmental factors such as hypoxia that normally inhibit cell growth. However, tumour cells are capable of counteracting these signals through mechanisms that are largely unknown. Here we show that the prolyl hydroxylase PHD3 restrains tumour growth in response to microenvironmental cues through the control of EGFR. PHD3 silencing in human gliomas or genetic deletion in a murine high-grade astrocytoma model markedly promotes tumour growth and the ability of tumours to continue growing under unfavourable conditions. The growth-suppressive function of PHD3 is independent of the established PHD3 targets HIF and NF-κB and its hydroxylase activity. Instead, loss of PHD3 results in hyperphosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Importantly, epigenetic/genetic silencing of PHD3 preferentially occurs in gliomas without EGFR amplification. Our findings reveal that PHD3 inactivation provides an alternative route of EGFR activation through which tumour cells sustain proliferative signalling even under conditions of limited oxygen availability. Little is known on how solid tumours overcome growth inhibitory signals within its hypoxic microenvironment. Here Henze et al. show that oxygen sensor PHD3 is frequently lost in gliomas, and that this loss hyperactivates EGFR signaling to sustain tumour cell proliferation and survival in hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Theres Henze
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Boyan K Garvalov
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sascha Seidel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Angel M Cuesta
- 1] Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), University of Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany [2] Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mathias Ritter
- 1] Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), University of Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany [2] Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alina Filatova
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Franziska Foss
- 1] Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), University of Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany [2] Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Higinio Dopeso
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Clara L Essmann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), University of Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Patrick H Maxwell
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Guido Reifenberger
- Institute of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), Angiogenesis and Neurovascular Link Laboratory, University of Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Amparo Acker-Palmer
- 1] Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), University of Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany [2] Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Till Acker
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Núñez-O'Mara A, Gerpe-Pita A, Pozo S, Carlevaris O, Urzelai B, Lopitz-Otsoa F, Rodríguez MS, Berra E. PHD3-SUMO conjugation represses HIF1 transcriptional activity independently of PHD3 catalytic activity. J Cell Sci 2014; 128:40-9. [PMID: 25380826 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.151514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
By controlling HIFα hydroxylation and stability, the prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD)-containing proteins are essential to the maintenance of oxygen homeostasis; therefore these enzymes are tightly regulated. Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is a 10-kDa protein readily conjugated to lysine residues of the targeted proteins in a process termed SUMOylation. In this study, we introduce SUMO conjugation as a novel regulator of PHD3 (also known as EGLN3). PHD3 SUMOylation occurs at a cluster of four lysines at the C-terminal end of the protein. Furthermore, PHD3 SUMOylation by SUMO2 or SUMO3 contributes to PHD3-mediated repression of HIF1-dependent transcriptional activity. Interestingly, PHD3-SUMO conjugation does not affect PHD3 hydroxylase activity or HIF1α stability, providing new evidence for a dual role of PHD3 in HIF1 regulation. Moreover, we show that hypoxia modulates PHD3-SUMO conjugation and that this modification inversely correlates with HIF1 activation. PHD3 SUMOylation highlights a new and additional layer of regulation that is likely required to fine-tune HIF function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analía Núñez-O'Mara
- Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias-CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Ed. 801A, 48190 Derio, Spain
| | - Almudena Gerpe-Pita
- Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias-CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Ed. 801A, 48190 Derio, Spain
| | - Sara Pozo
- Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias-CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Ed. 801A, 48190 Derio, Spain
| | - Onintza Carlevaris
- Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias-CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Ed. 801A, 48190 Derio, Spain
| | - Bakarne Urzelai
- Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias-CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Ed. 801A, 48190 Derio, Spain
| | - Fernando Lopitz-Otsoa
- Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias-CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Ed. 801A, 48190 Derio, Spain
| | - Manuel S Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias-CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Ed. 801A, 48190 Derio, Spain
| | - Edurne Berra
- Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias-CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Ed. 801A, 48190 Derio, Spain
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Luo W, Lin B, Wang Y, Zhong J, O'Meally R, Cole RN, Pandey A, Levchenko A, Semenza GL. PHD3-mediated prolyl hydroxylation of nonmuscle actin impairs polymerization and cell motility. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:2788-96. [PMID: 25079693 PMCID: PMC4161513 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-02-0775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin filaments play an essential role in cell movement, and many posttranslational modifications regulate actin filament assembly. Here we report that prolyl hydroxylase 3 (PHD3) interacts with nonmuscle actin in human cells and catalyzes hydroxylation of actin at proline residues 307 and 322. Blocking PHD3 expression or catalytic activity by short hairpin RNA knockdown or pharmacological inhibition, respectively, decreased actin prolyl hydroxylation. PHD3 knockdown increased filamentous F-actin assembly, which was reversed by PHD3 overexpression. PHD3 knockdown increased cell velocity and migration distance. Inhibition of PHD3 prolyl hydroxylase activity by dimethyloxalylglycine also increased actin polymerization and cell migration. These data reveal a novel role for PHD3 as a negative regulator of cell motility through posttranslational modification of nonmuscle actins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Luo
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Benjamin Lin
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Yingfei Wang
- Neuroregeneration Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Jun Zhong
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Robert O'Meally
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Robert N Cole
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Andre Levchenko
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Gregg L Semenza
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
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41
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Yang M, Su H, Soga T, Kranc KR, Pollard PJ. Prolyl hydroxylase domain enzymes: important regulators of cancer metabolism. HYPOXIA 2014; 2:127-142. [PMID: 27774472 PMCID: PMC5045062 DOI: 10.2147/hp.s47968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase domain enzymes (PHDs) regulate the stability of HIF protein by post-translational hydroxylation of two conserved prolyl residues in its α subunit in an oxygen-dependent manner. Trans-4-prolyl hydroxylation of HIFα under normal oxygen (O2) availability enables its association with the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor pVHL E3 ligase complex, leading to the degradation of HIFα via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Due to the obligatory requirement of molecular O2 as a co-substrate, the activity of PHDs is inhibited under hypoxic conditions, resulting in stabilized HIFα, which dimerizes with HIFβ and, together with transcriptional co-activators CBP/p300, activates the transcription of its target genes. As a key molecular regulator of adaptive response to hypoxia, HIF plays important roles in multiple cellular processes and its overexpression has been detected in various cancers. The HIF1α isoform in particular has a strong impact on cellular metabolism, most notably by promoting anaerobic, whilst inhibiting O2-dependent, metabolism of glucose. The PHD enzymes also seem to have HIF-independent functions and are subject to regulation by factors other than O2, such as by metabolic status, oxidative stress, and abnormal levels of endogenous metabolites (oncometabolites) that have been observed in some types of cancers. In this review, we aim to summarize current understandings of the function and regulation of PHDs in cancer with an emphasis on their roles in metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Cancer Biology and Metabolism Group, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Huizhong Su
- Cancer Biology and Metabolism Group, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Mizukami, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kamil R Kranc
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Patrick J Pollard
- Cancer Biology and Metabolism Group, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Fujita N, Hirose Y, Tran CM, Chiba K, Miyamoto T, Toyama Y, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. HIF-1-PHD2 axis controls expression of syndecan 4 in nucleus pulposus cells. FASEB J 2014; 28:2455-65. [PMID: 24558194 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-243741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration is the leading cause of chronic back pain. Recent studies show that raised level of SDC4, a cell-surface heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycan, plays a role in pathogenesis of disc degeneration. However, in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells of the healthy intervertebral disc, the mechanisms that control expression of SDC4 and its physiological function are unknown. Hypoxia induced SDC4 mRNA and protein expression by ~2.4- and 4.4-fold (P<0.05), respectively, in NP cells. While the activity of the SDC4 promoter containing hypoxia response element (HRE) was induced 2-fold (P<0.05), the HRE mutation decreased the activity by 40% in hypoxia. Transfections with plasmids coding prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2) and ShPHD2 show that hypoxic expression of SDC4 mRNA and protein is regulated by PHD2 through controlling hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) levels. Although overexpression of HIF-1α significantly increased SDC4 protein levels, stable suppression of HIF-1α and HIF-1β decreased SDC4 expression by 50% in human NP cells. Finally, suppression of SDC4 expression, as well as HS function, resulted in an ~2-fold increase in sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box 9 (Sox9) mRNA, and protein (P<0.05) and simultaneous increase in Sox9 transcriptional activity and target gene expression. Taken together, our findings suggest that in healthy discs, SDC4, through its HS side chains, contributes to maintenance of the hypoxic tissue niche by controlling baseline expression of Sox9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Fujita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Yuichiro Hirose
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Cassie M Tran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Yoshiaki Toyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Irving M Shapiro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Makarand V Risbud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
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43
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Kim J, Kwak HJ, Cha JY, Jeong YS, Rhee SD, Cheon HG. The role of prolyl hydroxylase domain protein (PHD) during rosiglitazone-induced adipocyte differentiation. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:2755-64. [PMID: 24338020 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.493650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosiglitazone, a well known insulin sensitizer, stimulates adipocyte differentiation via the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Previous two-dimensional proteomics studies using C3H10T1/2 murine mesenchymal pluripotent stem cells revealed that prolyl hydroxylase domain protein (PHD) levels significantly increased during rosiglitazone-induced adipocyte differentiation (RIAD). In this study, we investigated the functional role played by PHD during RIAD. Three PHD isoforms (PHD1, 2, and 3) were found to be up-regulated in C3H10T1/2 cells during RIAD, whereas PHD knockdown and treatment with PHD inhibitors (dimethyloxalyl glycine or ethyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzoate) blocked RIAD. PHD inhibition was found to be associated with increases in the levels of anti-adipogenic proteins such as GATA-3, KLF-2, and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ binding motif (TAZ), with their reduced ubiquitination, suggesting that PHDs evoke the ubiquitination/proteasomal degradation of anti-adipogenic proteins. On the other hand, MG-132 (a proteasomal inhibitor) prevented the degradation of anti-adipogenic proteins and retarded RIAD. PPARγ antagonists (bisphenol A diglycidyl ether or GW9662) blunted the effects of rosiglitazone on PHD regulation. Furthermore, putative PPARγ binding sites were identified in the promoter region of PHDs by ChIP-PCR, implying that rosiglitazone may induce PHD up-regulation directly by PPARγ activation. Consistent with in vitro results, oral administration of rosiglitazone to ob/ob mice for 2 weeks increased adipose PHD levels and decreased anti-adipogenic protein levels by increasing their ubiquitination. These results suggest that rosiglitazone increases PHD expression in a PPARγ-dependent manner and that this leads to the commitment of anti-adipogenic proteins to the ubiquitination-proteasomal pathway and to the subsequent induction of adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyoung Kim
- From the Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine and
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44
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Närvä E, Pursiheimo JP, Laiho A, Rahkonen N, Emani MR, Viitala M, Laurila K, Sahla R, Lund R, Lähdesmäki H, Jaakkola P, Lahesmaa R. Continuous hypoxic culturing of human embryonic stem cells enhances SSEA-3 and MYC levels. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78847. [PMID: 24236059 PMCID: PMC3827269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Low oxygen tension (hypoxia) contributes critically to pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) by preventing spontaneous differentiation and supporting self-renewal. However, it is not well understood how hESCs respond to reduced oxygen availability and what are the molecular mechanisms maintaining pluripotency in these conditions. In this study we characterized the transcriptional and molecular responses of three hESC lines (H9, HS401 and HS360) on short (2 hours), intermediate (24 hours) and prolonged (7 days) exposure to low oxygen conditions (4% O2). In response to prolonged hypoxia the expression of pluripotency surface marker SSEA-3 was increased. Furthermore, the genome wide gene-expression analysis revealed that a substantial proportion (12%) of all hypoxia-regulated genes in hESCs, were directly linked to the mechanisms controlling pluripotency or differentiation. Moreover, transcription of MYC oncogene was induced in response to continuous hypoxia. At the protein level MYC was stabilized through phosphorylation already in response to a short hypoxic exposure. Total MYC protein levels remained elevated throughout all the time points studied. Further, MYC protein expression in hypoxia was affected by silencing HIF2α, but not HIF1α. Since MYC has a crucial role in regulating pluripotency we propose that induction of sustained MYC expression in hypoxia contributes to activation of transcriptional programs critical for hESC self-renewal and maintenance of enhanced pluripotent state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Närvä
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku University and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha-Pekka Pursiheimo
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku University and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Asta Laiho
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku University and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Nelly Rahkonen
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku University and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Maheswara Reddy Emani
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku University and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Miro Viitala
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku University and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Kirsti Laurila
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku University and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Department of Information and Computer Science at Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Roosa Sahla
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku University and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Department of Information and Computer Science at Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Riikka Lund
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku University and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Lähdesmäki
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku University and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Department of Information and Computer Science at Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Panu Jaakkola
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku University and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Lahesmaa
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku University and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- * E-mail:
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Place TL, Domann FE. Prolyl-hydroxylase 3: Evolving Roles for an Ancient Signaling Protein. HYPOXIA 2013; 2013:13-17. [PMID: 24672806 PMCID: PMC3963164 DOI: 10.2147/hp.s50091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The ability of cells to sense oxygen is a highly evolved process that facilitates adaptations to the local oxygen environment and is critical to energy homeostasis. In vertebrates, this process is largely controlled by three intracellular prolyl-4-hydroxylases (PHD) 1–3. These related enzymes share the ability to hydroxylate the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF), and therefore control the transcription of genes involved in metabolism and vascular recruitment. However, it is becoming increasingly apparent that PHD controls much more than HIF signaling, with PHD3 emerging as an exceptionally unique and functionally diverse PHD isoform. In fact, PHD3-mediated hydroxylation has recently been purported to function in such diverse roles as sympathetic neuronal and muscle development, sepsis, glycolytic metabolism, and cell fate. PHD3 expression is also highly distinct from that of the other PHD enzymes, and varies considerably between different cell types and oxygen concentrations. This review will examine the evolution of oxygen sensing by the HIF family of PHD enzymes, with a specific focus on the complex nature of PHD3 expression and function in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trenton L Place
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Frederick E Domann
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA ; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Mamlouk S, Kalucka J, Singh RP, Franke K, Muschter A, Langer A, Jakob C, Gassmann M, Baretton GB, Wielockx B. Loss of prolyl hydroxylase-2 in myeloid cells and T-lymphocytes impairs tumor development. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:849-58. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soulafa Mamlouk
- Emmy Noether Research Group; University of Technology; Dresden Germany
- Institute of Pathology; University of Technology Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Joanna Kalucka
- Emmy Noether Research Group; University of Technology; Dresden Germany
- Institute of Pathology; University of Technology Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Rashim Pal Singh
- Emmy Noether Research Group; University of Technology; Dresden Germany
- Institute of Pathology; University of Technology Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Kristin Franke
- Emmy Noether Research Group; University of Technology; Dresden Germany
- Institute of Pathology; University of Technology Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Antje Muschter
- Emmy Noether Research Group; University of Technology; Dresden Germany
- Institute of Pathology; University of Technology Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Anika Langer
- Emmy Noether Research Group; University of Technology; Dresden Germany
- Institute of Pathology; University of Technology Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Christiane Jakob
- Institute of Pathology; University of Technology Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP); University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH); Lima Peru
| | | | - Ben Wielockx
- Emmy Noether Research Group; University of Technology; Dresden Germany
- Institute of Pathology; University of Technology Dresden; Dresden Germany
- DFG Research Center and Cluster of Excellence for Regenerative Therapies Dresden; University of Technology Dresden; Dresden Germany
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47
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Corcoran A, Kunze R, Harney SC, Breier G, Marti HH, O'Connor JJ. A role for prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins in hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Hippocampus 2013; 23:861-72. [PMID: 23674383 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are key transcriptional regulators that play a major role in oxygen homeostasis. HIF activity is tightly regulated by oxygen-dependent hydroxylases, which additionally require iron and 2-oxoglutarate as cofactors. Inhibition of these enzymes has become a novel target to modulate the hypoxic response for therapeutic benefit. Inhibition of prolyl-4-hydroxylase domains (PHDs) have been shown to delay neuronal cell death and protect against ischemic injury in the hippocampus. In this study we have examined the effects of prolyl hydroxylase inhibition on synaptic transmission and plasticity in the hippocampus. Field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) and excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) were elicited by stimulation of the Schaffer collateral pathway in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Treatment of rat hippocampal slices with low concentrations (10 µM) of the iron chelator deferosoxamine (DFO) or the 2-oxoglutarate analogue dimethyloxalyl glycine (DMOG) had no effect on fEPSP. In contrast, application of 1 mM DMOG resulted in a significant decrease in fEPSP slope. Antagonism of the NMDA receptor attenuated the effects of DMOG on baseline synaptic signalling. In rat hippocampal slices pretreated with DMOG and DFO the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) by tetanic stimulation was strongly impaired. Similarly, neuronal knockout of the single PHD family member PHD2 prevented murine hippocampal LTP. Preconditioning of PHD2 deficient hippocampi with either DMOG, DFO, or the PHD specific inhibitor JNJ-42041935, did not further decrease LTP suggesting that DMOG and DFO influences synaptic plasticity primarily by inhibiting PHDs rather than unspecific effects. These findings provide striking evidence for a modulatory role of PHD proteins on synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Corcoran
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
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EGLN3 inhibition of NF-κB is mediated by prolyl hydroxylase-independent inhibition of IκB kinase γ ubiquitination. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:3050-61. [PMID: 23732909 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00273-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-κB transcription factors are crucial regulators of inflammation, immunity, stress responses, and cell differentiation. Many studies have demonstrated that ubiquitination of IκB kinase γ (IKKγ), a regulatory subunit of IKK, is instrumental in the activation of IKK and NF-κB. We and others previously identified EGLN3, a member of a family of prolyl hydroxylases, as a negative regulator of the NF-κB pathway. Here we report that EGLN3, but not EGLN1 or -2, interacts with and inhibits K63-linked ubiquitination of IKKγ. The effect appears to be related to inhibition of IKKγ ubiquitination mediated by cIAP1 rather than to stimulation of IKKγ deubiquitination by the deubiquitinases A20 and CYLD (cylindromatosis). EGLN3 does not affect the protein levels of cIAP1 or its E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes UbcH5 and Ubc13. EGLN3 hydroxylase activity is not responsible for its effect on IKKγ ubiquitination and NF-κB signaling. Instead, interaction with IKKγ is required for the ability of EGLN3 to inhibit IKKγ ubiquitination and IKK-NF-κB signaling. EGLN3 competes with cIAP1 for IKKγ binding, leading to inhibition of cIAP1-IKKγ interaction, IKKγ ubiquitination, and IKK-NF-κB signaling. This study provides novel insights into EGLN3 function and sheds new light on the regulation of IKKγ ubiquitination and NF-κB.
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Rowlan JS, Zhang Z, Wang Q, Fang Y, Shi W. New quantitative trait loci for carotid atherosclerosis identified in an intercross derived from apolipoprotein E-deficient mouse strains. Physiol Genomics 2013; 45:332-42. [PMID: 23463770 PMCID: PMC3633429 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00099.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotid atherosclerosis is the primary cause of ischemic stroke. To identify genetic factors contributing to carotid atherosclerosis, we performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis using female mice derived from an intercross between C57BL/6J (B6) and BALB/cJ (BALB) apolipoprotein E (Apoe−/−) mice. We started 266 F2 mice on a Western diet at 6 wk of age and fed them the diet for 12 wk. Atherosclerotic lesions in the left carotid bifurcation and plasma lipid levels were measured. We genotyped 130 microsatellite markers across the entire genome. Three significant QTLs, Cath1 on chromosome (Chr) 12, Cath2 on Chr5, and Cath3 on Chr13, and four suggestive QTLs on Chr6, Chr9, Chr17, and Chr18 were identified for carotid lesions. The Chr6 locus replicated a suggestive QTL and was named Cath4. Six QTLs for HDL, three QTLs for non-HDL cholesterol, and three QTLs for triglyceride were found. Of these, a significant QTL for non-HDL on Chr1 at 60.3 cM, named Nhdl13, and a suggestive QTL for HDL on ChrX were new. A significant locus for HDL (Hdlq5) was overlapping with a suggestive locus for carotid lesions on Chr9. A significant correlation between carotid lesion sizes and HDL cholesterol levels was observed in the F2 population (R = −0.153, P = 0.0133). Thus, we have identified several new QTLs for carotid atherosclerosis and the locus on Chr9 may exert effect through interactions with HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Rowlan
- Departments of Radiology & Medical Imaging and Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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50
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Abstract
Oxygen-sensing prolyl hydroxylase domain enzymes (PHDs) target hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-α subunits for proteasomal degradation in normoxia through hydroxylation. Recently, novel mechanisms of PHD activation and function have been unveiled. Interestingly, PHD3 can unexpectedly amplify HIF signaling through hydroxylation of the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase (PK) muscle isoform 2 (PKM2). Recent studies have also yielded insight into HIF-independent PHD functions, including the control of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor trafficking in synaptic transmission and the activation of transient receptor potential cation channel member A1 (TRPA1) ion channels by oxygen levels in sensory nerves. Finally, PHD activation has been shown to involve the iron chaperoning function of poly(rC) binding protein (PCBP)1 and the (R)-enantiomer of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). The intersection of these regulatory pathways and interactions highlight the complexity of PHD regulation and function.
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