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Laddha AP, Wu H, Manautou JE. Deciphering Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity: The Crucial Role of Transcription Factors like Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 as Genetic Determinants of Susceptibility to Drug-Induced Liver Injury. Drug Metab Dispos 2024; 52:740-753. [PMID: 38857948 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.124.001282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is the most commonly used over-the-counter medication throughout the world. At therapeutic doses, APAP has potent analgesic and antipyretic effects. The efficacy and safety of APAP are influenced by multifactorial processes dependent upon dosing, namely frequency and total dose. APAP poisoning by repeated ingestion of supratherapeutic doses, depletes glutathione stores in the liver and other organs capable of metabolic bioactivation, leading to hepatocellular death due to exhausted antioxidant defenses. Numerous genes, encompassing transcription factors and signaling pathways, have been identified as playing pivotal roles in APAP toxicity, with the liver being the primary organ studied due to its central role in APAP metabolism and injury. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and its array of downstream responsive genes are crucial in counteracting APAP toxicity. NRF2, along with its negative regulator Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, plays a vital role in regulating intracellular redox homeostasis. This regulation is significant in modulating the oxidative stress, inflammation, and hepatocellular death induced by APAP. In this review, we provide an updated overview of the mechanisms through which NRF2 activation and signaling critically influence the threshold for developing APAP toxicity. We also describe how genetically modified rodent models for NRF2 and related genes have been pivotal in underscoring the significance of this antioxidant response pathway. While NRF2 is a primary focus, the article comprehensively explores other genetic factors involved in phase I and phase II metabolism of APAP, inflammation, oxidative stress, and related pathways that contribute to APAP toxicity, thereby providing a holistic understanding of the genetic landscape influencing susceptibility to this condition. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review summarizes the genetic elements and signaling pathways underlying APAP-induced liver toxicity, focusing on the crucial protective role of the transcription factor NRF2. This review also delves into the genetic intricacies influencing APAP safety and potential liver harm. It also emphasizes the need for deeper insight into the molecular mechanisms of hepatotoxicity, especially the interplay of NRF2 with other pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit P Laddha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Hangyu Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - José E Manautou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
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2
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Dong M, Zhang T, Liang X, Cheng X, Shi F, Yuan H, Zhang F, Jiang Q, Wang X. Sesamin alleviates lipid accumulation induced by oleic acid via PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in HepG2 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 708:149815. [PMID: 38531220 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Sesamin, a special compound present in sesame and sesame oil, has been reported a role in regulating lipid metabolism, while the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Autophagy has been reported associated with lipid metabolism and regarded as a key modulator in liver steatosis. The present work aimed to investigate whether sesamin could exert its protective effects against lipid accumulation via modulating autophagy in HepG2 cells stimulated with oleic acid (OA). Cell viability was evaluated using the CCK-8 method, and triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein, cholesterol (LDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), along with aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were assessed by oil red O staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and biochemical kits to investigate the lipid-lowering effects of sesamin. Differentially expressed genes were screened by RNA sequencing and validated using real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot. Autophagy and mitophagy related molecules were analyzed employing TEM, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. The data shows that in HepG2 cells stimulated by OA, sesamin reduces levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, ALT, and AST while elevating HDL-C, alleviates the lipid accumulation and improves fatty acid metabolism through modulating the levels of fat metabolism related genes including PCSK9, FABP1, CD36, and SOX4. Sesamin restores the suppressed autophagy in HepG2 cells caused by OA, which could be blocked by autophagy inhibitors. This indicates that sesamin improves fatty acid metabolism by enhancing autophagy levels, thereby mitigating the intracellular lipid accumulation. Furthermore, sesamin significantly enhances the mitophagy and improves mitochondrial homeostasis via activating the PINK/Parkin pathway. These data suggest that sesamin alleviates the excessive lipid accumulation in HepG2 caused by OA by restoring the impaired mitophagy via the PINK1/Parkin pathway, probably playing a preventive or therapeutic role in hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Dong
- School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Tianliang Zhang
- Experimental Center for Medical Research, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Xueli Liang
- School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Xinyi Cheng
- School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Fuyan Shi
- School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Hang Yuan
- School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Fengxiang Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Qiqi Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Weifang People's Hospital, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China.
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Weifang People's Hospital, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China.
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Chen P, Yao L, Yuan M, Wang Z, Zhang Q, Jiang Y, Li L. Mitochondrial dysfunction: A promising therapeutic target for liver diseases. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101115. [PMID: 38299199 PMCID: PMC10828599 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.101115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The liver is an important metabolic and detoxification organ and hence demands a large amount of energy, which is mainly produced by the mitochondria. Liver tissues of patients with alcohol-related or non-alcohol-related liver diseases contain ultrastructural mitochondrial lesions, mitochondrial DNA damage, disturbed mitochondrial dynamics, and compromised ATP production. Overproduction of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species induces oxidative damage to mitochondrial proteins and mitochondrial DNA, decreases mitochondrial membrane potential, triggers hepatocyte inflammation, and promotes programmed cell death, all of which impair liver function. Mitochondrial DNA may be a potential novel non-invasive biomarker of the risk of progression to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in patients infected with the hepatitis B virus. We herein present a review of the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of acute liver injury and chronic liver diseases, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, viral hepatitis, drug-induced liver injury, alcoholic liver disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This review also discusses mitochondrion-centric therapies for treating liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Lichao Yao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Mengqin Yuan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Qiuling Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Yingan Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
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4
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Li J, Niu C, Ai H, Li X, Zhang L, Lang Y, Wang S, Gao F, Mei X, Yu C, Sun L, Huang Y, Zheng L, Wang G, Sun Y, Yang X, Song Z, Bao Y. TSP50 Attenuates DSS-Induced Colitis by Regulating TGF-β Signaling Mediated Maintenance of Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Integrity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305893. [PMID: 38189580 PMCID: PMC10953580 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier is crucial for protecting the intestinal epithelium against invasion by commensal bacteria and pathogens, thereby combating colitis. The investigation revealed that the absence of TSP50 compromised the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier in murine subjects. This disruption facilitated direct contact between intestinal bacteria and the intestinal epithelium, thereby increasing susceptibility to colitis. Mechanistic analysis indicated that TSP50 deficiency in intestinal stem cells (ISCs) triggered aberrant activation of the TGF-β signaling pathway and impeded the differentiation of goblet cells in mice, leading to impairment of mucosal permeability. By inhibiting the TGF-β pathway, the functionality of the intestinal mucosal barrier is successfully restored and mitigated colitis in TSP50-deficient mice. In conclusion, TSP50 played a crucial role in maintaining the intestinal mucosal barrier function and exhibited the preventive effect against the development of colitis by regulating the TGF-β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Cell and Gene Therapy Medicine ProductsNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein ScreeningNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130117China
| | - Chunxue Niu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Cell and Gene Therapy Medicine ProductsNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunJilin130024China
| | - Huihan Ai
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Cell and Gene Therapy Medicine ProductsNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024China
- Department of General SurgeryAffiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450000China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Cell and Gene Therapy Medicine ProductsNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein ScreeningNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130117China
| | - Yan Lang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Cell and Gene Therapy Medicine ProductsNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024China
| | - Shuyue Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunJilin130024China
| | - Feng Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein ScreeningNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130117China
| | - Xianglin Mei
- Department of PathologyThe Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun130041China
| | - Chunlei Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunJilin130024China
| | - Luguo Sun
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Cell and Gene Therapy Medicine ProductsNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024China
| | - Yanxin Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein ScreeningNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130117China
| | - Lihua Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein ScreeningNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130117China
| | - Guannan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein ScreeningNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130117China
| | - Ying Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein ScreeningNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130117China
| | - Xiaoguang Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunJilin130024China
| | - Zhenbo Song
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein ScreeningNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130117China
| | - Yongli Bao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Cell and Gene Therapy Medicine ProductsNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024China
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Jaeschke H, Ramachandran A. Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity: Paradigm for Understanding Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Liver Injury. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 19:453-478. [PMID: 38265880 PMCID: PMC11131139 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-051122-094016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the clinically most relevant drug hepatotoxicity in western countries, and, because of translational relevance of animal models, APAP is mechanistically the most studied drug. This review covers intracellular signaling events starting with drug metabolism and the central role of mitochondrial dysfunction involving oxidant stress and peroxynitrite. Mitochondria-derived endonucleases trigger nuclear DNA fragmentation, the point of no return for cell death. In addition, adaptive mechanisms that limit cell death are discussed including autophagy, mitochondrial morphology changes, and biogenesis. Extensive evidence supports oncotic necrosis as the mode of cell death; however, a partial overlap with signaling events of apoptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis is the basis for controversial discussions. Furthermore, an update on sterile inflammation in injury and repair with activation of Kupffer cells, monocyte-derived macrophages, and neutrophils is provided. Understanding these mechanisms of cell death led to discovery of N-acetylcysteine and recently fomepizole as effective antidotes against APAP toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA; ,
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA; ,
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Dong K, Sun Y, Gao X, Wang J, Wu X, Guo C. Mixed micelles loaded with hesperidin protect against acetaminophen induced acute liver injury by inhibiting the mtDNA-cGAS-STING pathway. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 233:113656. [PMID: 37984191 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Excessive acetaminophen (APAP) is the main cause of drug-induced acute liver failure, and the pathogenesis has not been elucidated and there is a lack of effective drugs. Hesperidin (Hes), a rich flavanone in citrus peel with excellent biological activities, is a potential agent for treatment liver injury. Due to poor water solubility of Hes, this study prepared mixed micelles using polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP K17) and poloxamer 188, and encapsulated Hes (Hes-MMs). The results showed that Hes-MMs exhibited a uniform spherical shape with a particle size of 66.80 ± 0.83 nm, and Hes-MMs significantly improved the dispersibility, antioxidant activity, and cellular uptake of Hes. In vitro results showed that Hes-MMs protected the proliferation inhibition of HepG2 cells induced by APAP, inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the damage of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) induced by APAP. Furthermore, Hes-MMs exerted liver protective effects by inhibiting APAP induced mtDNA release and activating the cGAS-STING pathway. In vivo results demonstrated that Hes-MMs showed protective and therapeutic effects on APAP induced liver injury, and their mechanisms were related to the mtDNA-cGAS-STING signaling pathway. In summary, our study demonstrated that the mtDNA-cGAS-STING pathway was involved in APAP induced acute liver injury, and Hes-MMs might be a potential therapeutic agent for treating APAP induced acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehong Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yuxuan Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xintao Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Biology Science and Technology, Baotou Teacher's College, Baotou 014030, China
| | - Xiaochen Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Chuanlong Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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7
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Chao X, Niu M, Wang S, Ma X, Yang X, Sun H, Hu X, Wang H, Zhang L, Huang R, Xia M, Ballabio A, Jaeschke H, Ni HM, Ding WX. High-throughput screening of novel TFEB agonists in protecting against acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:190-206. [PMID: 38261809 PMCID: PMC10793101 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy (referred to as autophagy hereafter) is a major intracellular lysosomal degradation pathway that is responsible for the degradation of misfolded/damaged proteins and organelles. Previous studies showed that autophagy protects against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced injury (AILI) via selective removal of damaged mitochondria and APAP protein adducts. The lysosome is a critical organelle sitting at the end stage of autophagy for autophagic degradation via fusion with autophagosomes. In the present study, we showed that transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master transcription factor for lysosomal biogenesis, was impaired by APAP resulting in decreased lysosomal biogenesis in mouse livers. Genetic loss-of and gain-of function of hepatic TFEB exacerbated or protected against AILI, respectively. Mechanistically, overexpression of TFEB increased clearance of APAP protein adducts and mitochondria biogenesis as well as SQSTM1/p62-dependent non-canonical nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) activation to protect against AILI. We also performed an unbiased cell-based imaging high-throughput chemical screening on TFEB and identified a group of TFEB agonists. Among these agonists, salinomycin, an anticoccidial and antibacterial agent, activated TFEB and protected against AILI in mice. In conclusion, genetic and pharmacological activating TFEB may be a promising approach for protecting against AILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Chao
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Mengwei Niu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Shaogui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Xiaowen Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hua Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xujia Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Li Zhang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ruili Huang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Menghang Xia
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, TIGEM, Pozzuoli, Naples 80131, Italy
- Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples 80131, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Hong-Min Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Motility, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Li R, Wang Z, Wang Y, Sun R, Zou B, Tian X, Liu D, Zhao X, Zhou J, Zhao Y, Yao J. SIRT3 regulates mitophagy in liver fibrosis through deacetylation of PINK1/NIPSNAP1. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:2090-2102. [PMID: 37417912 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Damaged mitochondria, a key factor in liver fibrosis, can be removed by the mitophagy pathway to maintain homeostasis of the intracellular environment to alleviate the development of fibrosis. PINK1 (PTEN-induced kinase 1) and NIPSNAP1 (nonneuronal SNAP25-like protein 1), which cooperatively regulate mitophagy, have been predicted to include the sites of lysine acetylation related to SIRT3 (mitochondrial deacetylase sirtuin 3). Our study aimed to discuss whether SIRT3 deacetylates PINK1 and NIPSNAP1 to regulate mitophagy in liver fibrosis. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 )-induced liver fibrosis as an in vivo model and LX-2 cells as activated cells were used to simulate liver fibrosis. SIRT3 expression was significantly decreased in mice in response to CCl4 , and SIRT3 knockout in vivo significantly deepened the severity of liver fibrosis, as indicated by increased α-SMA and Col1a1 levels both in vivo and in vitro. SIRT3 overexpression decreased α-SMA and Col1a1 levels. Furthermore, SIRT3 significantly regulated mitophagy in liver fibrosis, as demonstrated by LC3-Ⅱ/Ⅰ and p62 expression and colocalization between TOM20 and LAMP1. Importantly, PINK1 and NIPSNAP1 expression was also decreased in liver fibrosis, and PINK1 and NIPSNAP1 overexpression significantly improved mitophagy and attenuated ECM production. Furthermore, after simultaneously interfering with PINK1 or NIPSNAP1 and overexpressing SIRT3, the effect of SIRT3 on improving mitophagy and alleviating liver fibrosis was disrupted. Mechanistically, we show that SIRT3, as a mitochondrial deacetylase, specifically regulates the acetylation of PINK1 and NIPSNAP1 to mediate the mitophagy pathway in liver fibrosis. SIRT3-mediated PINK1 and NIPSNAP1 deacetylation is a novel molecular mechanism in liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixi Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhecheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ruimin Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Boyang Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xinyao Tian
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Deshun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xuzi Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Junjun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jihong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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9
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Huffman AM, Syed M, Rezq S, Anderson CD, Yanes Cardozo LL, Romero DG. Loss of microRNA-21 protects against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:1907-1925. [PMID: 37179516 PMCID: PMC10919897 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03499-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced Acute Liver Failure (ALF) is recognized as the most common cause of ALF in Western societies. APAP-induced ALF is characterized by coagulopathy, hepatic encephalopathy, multi-organ failure, and death. MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is dynamically expressed in the liver and is involved in the pathophysiology of both acute and chronic liver injury models. We hypothesize that miR-21genetic ablation attenuates hepatotoxicity following acetaminophen intoxication. Eight-week old miR-21knockout (miR21KO) or wild-type (WT) C57BL/6N male mice were injected with acetaminophen (APAP, 300 mg/kg BW) or saline. Mice were sacrificed 6 or 24 h post-injection. MiR21KO mice presented attenuation of liver enzymes ALT, AST, LDH compared with WT mice 24 h post-APAP treatment. Moreover, miR21KO mice had decreased hepatic DNA fragmentation and necrosis than WT mice after 24 h of APAP treatment. APAP-treated miR21KO mice showed increased levels of cell cycle regulators CYCLIN D1 and PCNA, increased autophagy markers expression (Map1LC3a, Sqstm1) and protein (LC3AB II/I, p62), and an attenuation of the APAP-induced hypofibrinolytic state via (PAI-1) compared with WT mice 24 post-APAP treatment. MiR-21 inhibition could be a novel therapeutic approach to mitigate APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and enhance survival during the regenerative phase, particularly to alter regeneration, autophagy, and fibrinolysis. Specifically, miR-21 inhibition could be particularly useful when APAP intoxication is detected at its late stages and the only available therapy is minimally effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Huffman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
- Mississippi Center of Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
- Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
| | - Maryam Syed
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Mississippi Center of Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Samar Rezq
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Mississippi Center of Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Christopher D Anderson
- Department of Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Licy L Yanes Cardozo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Mississippi Center of Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Damian G Romero
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
- Mississippi Center of Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
- Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
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10
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Abstract
Mitochondria are critical organelles responsible for the maintenance of cellular energy homeostasis. Thus, their dysfunction can have severe consequences in cells responsible for energy-intensive metabolic function, such as hepatocytes. Extensive research over the last decades have identified compromised mitochondrial function as a central feature in the pathophysiology of liver injury induced by an acetaminophen (APAP) overdose, the most common cause of acute liver failure in the United States. While hepatocyte mitochondrial oxidative and nitrosative stress coupled with induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition are well recognized after an APAP overdose, recent studies have revealed additional details about the organelle's role in APAP pathophysiology. This concise review highlights these new advances, which establish the central role of the mitochondria in APAP pathophysiology, and places them in the context of earlier information in the literature. Adaptive alterations in mitochondrial morphology as well as the role of cellular iron in mitochondrial dysfunction and the organelle's importance in liver recovery after APAP-induced injury will be discussed.
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11
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Lee J, Ha J, Kim JH, Seo D, Kim M, Lee Y, Park SS, Choi D, Park JS, Lee YJ, Yang S, Yang KM, Jung SM, Hong S, Koo SH, Bae YS, Kim SJ, Park SH. Peli3 ablation ameliorates acetaminophen-induced liver injury through inhibition of GSK3β phosphorylation and mitochondrial translocation. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1218-1231. [PMID: 37258579 PMCID: PMC10318043 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01009-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The signaling pathways governing acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury have been extensively studied. However, little is known about the ubiquitin-modifying enzymes needed for the regulation of APAP-induced liver injury. Here, we examined whether the Pellino3 protein, which has E3 ligase activity, is needed for APAP-induced liver injury and subsequently explored its molecular mechanism. Whole-body Peli3-/- knockout (KO) and adenovirus-mediated Peli3 knockdown (KD) mice showed reduced levels of centrilobular cell death, infiltration of immune cells, and biomarkers of liver injury, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), upon APAP treatment compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Peli3 deficiency in primary hepatocytes decreased mitochondrial and lysosomal damage and reduced the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. In addition, the levels of phosphorylation at serine 9 in the cytoplasm and mitochondrial translocation of GSK3β were decreased in primary hepatocytes obtained from Peli3-/- KO mice, and these reductions were accompanied by decreases in JNK phosphorylation and mitochondrial translocation. Pellino3 bound more strongly to GSK3β compared with JNK1 and JNK2 and induced the lysine 63 (K63)-mediated polyubiquitination of GSK3β. In rescue experiments, the ectopic expression of wild-type Pellino3 in Peli3-/- KO hepatocytes restored the mitochondrial translocation of GSK3β, but this restoration was not obtained with expression of a catalytically inactive mutant of Pellino3. These findings are the first to suggest a mechanistic link between Pellino3 and APAP-induced liver injury through the modulation of GSK3β polyubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Ha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyeong Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- KoBio Labs, Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyeob Seo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Minbeom Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yerin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Shil Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahee Choi
- Department of Life Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyoung Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- SRC Center for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organs, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Su Myung Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Suntaek Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoi Koo
- Department of Life Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- SRC Center for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organs, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Kim
- Medpacto Inc., Seoul, 06668, Republic of Korea.
- GILO Institute, GILO Foundation, Seoul, 06668, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seok Hee Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
- SRC Center for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organs, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Undamatla R, Fagunloye OG, Chen J, Edmunds LR, Murali A, Mills A, Xie B, Pangburn MM, Sipula I, Gibson G, St Croix C, Jurczak MJ. Reduced mitophagy is an early feature of NAFLD and liver-specific PARKIN knockout hastens the onset of steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7575. [PMID: 37165006 PMCID: PMC10172344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34710-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of pathologies that includes steatosis, steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis and is strongly associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Changes in mitochondrial function are implicated in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, particularly in the transition from steatosis to NASH. Mitophagy is a mitochondrial quality control mechanism that allows for the selective removal of damaged mitochondria from the cell via the autophagy pathway. While past work demonstrated a negative association between liver fat content and rates of mitophagy, when changes in mitophagy occur during the pathogenesis of NAFLD and whether such changes contribute to the primary endpoints associated with the disease are currently poorly defined. We therefore undertook the studies described here to establish when alterations in mitophagy occur during the pathogenesis of NAFLD, as well as to determine the effects of genetic inhibition of mitophagy via conditional deletion of a key mitophagy regulator, PARKIN, on the development of steatosis, insulin resistance, inflammation and fibrosis. We find that loss of mitophagy occurs early in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and that loss of PARKIN accelerates the onset of key NAFLD disease features. These observations suggest that loss of mitochondrial quality control in response to nutritional stress may contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction and the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Undamatla
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, BST W1060, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - O G Fagunloye
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, BST W1060, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - J Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, BST W1060, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - L R Edmunds
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, BST W1060, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - A Murali
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, BST W1060, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - A Mills
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, BST W1060, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - B Xie
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, BST W1060, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - M M Pangburn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, BST W1060, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - I Sipula
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, BST W1060, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - G Gibson
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - C St Croix
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M J Jurczak
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, BST W1060, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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13
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Song M, Zhang J, Huo S, Zhang X, Cui Y, Li Y. Mitophagy alleviates AIF-mediated spleen apoptosis induced by AlCl3 through Parkin stabilization in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 176:113762. [PMID: 37028746 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) accumulates in the spleen and causes spleen apoptosis. Mitochondrial dyshomeostasis represents primary mechanisms of spleen apoptosis induced by Al. Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) is located in the gap of the mitochondrial membrane and can be released into the nucleus, leading to apoptosis. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-induced putative kinase1 (PINK1)/E3 ubiquitin ligase PARK2 (Parkin)-mediated mitophagy maintains mitochondrial homeostasis by removing damaged mitochondria, but its function in AIF-mediated spleen apoptosis induced by Al is not clear. In our study, aluminium trichloride (AlCl3) was diluted in water for 90 d and administered to 75 male C57BL/6N mice at 0, 44.8, 59.8, 89.7, and 179.3 mg/kg body weight. AlCl3 triggered PINK1/Parkin pathway-mediated mitophagy, induced AIF release and AIF-mediated spleen apoptosis. AlCl3 was administered to sixty male C57BL/6N mice of wild type and Parkin knockout for 90 d at 0 and 179.3 mg/kg body weight. The results indicated that Parkin deficiency decreased mitophagy, aggravated mitochondrial damage, AIF release and AIF-mediated spleen apoptosis induced by AlCl3. According to our results, PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy and AIF-mediated spleen apoptosis are caused by AlCl3, whereas mitophagy is protective in AIF-mediated apoptosis induced by AlCl3.
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14
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Abstract
Significance: Liver disease is one of the biggest threats to public health, affecting as much as 5.5 million people worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with various acute and chronic liver diseases. Mitophagy, a selective form of autophagy for damaged/excessive mitochondria, plays a key role either in the pathogenesis or in maintaining hepatic homeostasis in response to various liver diseases. Recent Advances: Significant progress has been achieved to ascertain the causes of liver disease. The conserved pathways for mitochondrial degradation via mitophagy, the deregulation of mitophagy in liver diseases, and pharmacological or genetic maneuvers that alter the mitophagic flux for liver disease treatment have been widely studied but yet to be comprehensively reviewed. Critical Issues: Liver disease is considered a leading cause of mortality globally, causing the heavy burden of disability and the increased health care utilization that needs to be settled urgently. Mitophagy plays an important role in protecting liver from tissue damage to maintain hepatic homeostasis or in pathogenesis of liver disease. Elaborating mitophagy implicated in the pathogenesis of liver disease, as well as potential therapeutic regimens by targeting mitophagy is of great significance for the understanding and treatment of liver disease. Future Directions: This review comprehensively describes the distinct mitophagy signaling pathways and their interplay with various liver diseases. Given that mitophagy affects a wide array of physiological processes, a deeper understanding of how to modulate mitophagy could provide innovative avenues for precise therapy. Future studies based on pharmacologically or genetically targeting mitophagy-relevant factors will uncover the links between intact mitophagic responses and hepatic homeostasis in physiological and pathological settings. This will allow us to overcome obstacles of applying mitophagy as the therapeutic target in the clinic. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 529-549.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Wang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yijin Wang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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15
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Li H, Weng Q, Gong S, Zhang W, Wang J, Huang Y, Li Y, Guo J, Lan T. Kaempferol prevents acetaminophen-induced liver injury by suppressing hepatocyte ferroptosis via Nrf2 pathway activation. Food Funct 2023; 14:1884-1896. [PMID: 36723004 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02716j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury (AILI) has become a growing public health problem. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death associated with lipid peroxide accumulation, has been recently implicated in AILI. The activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway is a potential therapy for AILI. Kaempferol (KA), a flavonoid widely existing in edible plants, has been reported to exert profound anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. This study aimed to investigate whether KA exerts anti-AILI effects via the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Mice were fasted for 22 h and injected intraperitoneally with APAP (250 mg kg-1) to induce AILI. Mice were pre-injected intragastrically with KA for 2 h followed by APAP injection. The hepatic injury was observed by H&E staining. Biochemical parameters of the serum and liver were measured using kits. KA alleviated hepatic injury and inflammatory response in AILI mice and ameliorated APAP-induced hepatic iron overload and oxidative stress in mice. In addition, the protective effects of KA against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity were examined in L02 cells in vitro. Cell viability was assayed by the CCK8 assay. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in L02 cells were detected by MitoSox fluorescence. KA reversed the APAP-induced decrease in cell viability and GSH levels and inhibited the accumulation of intracellular ROS. Furthermore, KA activated the Nrf2 pathway and upregulated Gpx4 in mouse livers and L02 cells to inhibit ferroptosis induced by APAP. Finally, molecular docking indicated the potential interaction of KA with Keap1. Taken together, KA ameliorated oxidative stress and ferroptosis-mediated AILI by activating Nrf2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyi Li
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou 510006, China. .,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiqing Weng
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou 510006, China. .,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuai Gong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou 510006, China. .,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weixian Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou 510006, China. .,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou 510006, China. .,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuqiao Huang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou 510006, China. .,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuanjun Li
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou 510006, China. .,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou 510006, China. .,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tian Lan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou 510006, China. .,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
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16
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Undamatla R, Fagunloye OG, Chen J, Edmunds LR, Murali A, Mills A, Xie B, Pangburn MM, Sipula I, Gibson G, Croix CS, Jurczak MJ. Reduced hepatocyte mitophagy is an early feature of NAFLD pathogenesis and hastens the onset of steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2469234. [PMID: 36711642 PMCID: PMC9882688 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2469234/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of pathologies that includes steatosis, steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis and is strongly associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Changes in mitochondrial function are implicated in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, particularly in the transition from steatosis to NASH. Mitophagy is a mitochondrial quality control mechanism that allows for the selective removal of damaged mitochondria from the cell via the autophagy pathway. While past work demonstrated a negative association between liver fat content and rates of mitophagy, when changes in mitophagy occur during the pathogenesis of NAFLD and whether such changes contribute to the primary endpoints associated with the disease are currently poorly defined. We therefore undertook the studies described here to establish when alterations in mitophagy occur during the pathogenesis of NAFLD, as well as to determine the effects of genetic inhibition of mitophagy via conditional deletion of a key mitophagy regulator, PARKIN, on the development of steatosis, insulin resistance, inflammation and fibrosis. We find that loss of mitophagy occurs early in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and that loss of PARKIN hastens the onset but not severity of key NAFLD disease features. These observations suggest that loss of mitochondrial quality control in response to nutritional stress may contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction and the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ian Sipula
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
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17
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Fu X, Chen S, Xian S, Wu Q, Shi J, Zhou S. Dendrobium and its active ingredients: Emerging role in liver protection. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114043. [PMID: 36462312 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium is a traditional medicinal plant, which has a variety of clinical applications in China. It has been reported that Dendrobium contains various bioactive components, mainly including polysaccharides and alkaloids. Previous studies have shown that Dendrobium has pharmacological activities including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects, as well as immune regulation. Particularly, the anti-aging functions and neuroprotective effects of Dendrobium have been well characterized in a wide array of cell and animal models. In recent years, the effect of Dendrobium on the liver has emerged as a new direction to explore its therapeutic benefits and has received more and more attention. This review is focused on the beneficial effects of Dendrobium on liver toxicity and various liver disorders, which presumably are attributed to a consequence of an array of modes of action due to its multiple bioactive components, and largely lack mechanistic and pharmacokinetic characterization. A particular emphasis is placed on the potential action mechanisms related to Dendrobium's liver protection. Research perspectives in regard to the potential therapeutic application for Dendrobium are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Shu Chen
- Cell and Tissue Bank of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Siting Xian
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jingshan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Shaoyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
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18
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Gotorbe C, Durivault J, Meira W, Cassim S, Ždralević M, Pouysségur J, Vučetić M. Metabolic Rewiring toward Oxidative Phosphorylation Disrupts Intrinsic Resistance to Ferroptosis of the Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122412. [PMID: 36552620 PMCID: PMC9774558 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) has been reported as one of the major targets for ferroptosis induction, due to its pivotal role in lipid hydroperoxide removal. However, recent studies pointed toward alternative antioxidant systems in this context, such as the Coenzyme Q-FSP1 pathway. To investigate how effective these alternative pathways are in different cellular contexts, we used human colon adenocarcinoma (CRC) cells, highly resistant to GPX4 inhibition. Data obtained in the study showed that simultaneous pharmacological inhibition of GPX4 and FSP1 strongly compromised the survival of the CRC cells, which was prevented by the ferroptosis inhibitor, ferrostatin-1. Nonetheless, this could not be phenocopied by genetic deletion of FSP1, suggesting the development of resistance to ferroptosis in FSP1-KO CRC cells. Considering that CRC cells are highly glycolytic, we used CRC Warburg-incompetent cells, to investigate the role metabolism plays in this phenomenon. Indeed, the sensitivity to inhibition of both anti-ferroptotic axes (GPx4 and FSP1) was fully revealed in these cells, showing typical features of ferroptosis. Collectively, data indicate that two independent anti-ferroptotic pathways (GPX4-GSH and CoQ10-FSP1) operate within the overall physiological context of cancer cells and in some instances, their inhibition should be coupled with other metabolic modulators, such as inhibitors of glycolysis/Warburg effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Gotorbe
- Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), 98000 Monaco, Monaco
| | - Jérôme Durivault
- Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), 98000 Monaco, Monaco
| | - Willian Meira
- Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), 98000 Monaco, Monaco
| | - Shamir Cassim
- Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), 98000 Monaco, Monaco
| | - Maša Ždralević
- Centre A. Lacassagne, University Côte d’Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer & Aging (IRCAN), CNRS, INSERM, 06100 Nice, France
| | - Jacques Pouysségur
- Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), 98000 Monaco, Monaco
- Centre A. Lacassagne, University Côte d’Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer & Aging (IRCAN), CNRS, INSERM, 06100 Nice, France
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (M.V.)
| | - Milica Vučetić
- Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), 98000 Monaco, Monaco
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (M.V.)
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19
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Kolas V, Mathieu G, Wu YT, Chung BC. Evaluation of two gene ablation methods for the analysis of pregnenolone function in zebrafish embryonic development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 636:84-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Huo Y, Lu W, Tian Y, Hou Q, Man HY. Prkn knockout mice show autistic-like behaviors and aberrant synapse formation. iScience 2022; 25:104573. [PMID: 35789851 PMCID: PMC9249611 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with high genetic heterogeneity, affecting one in 44 children in the United States. Recent genomic sequencing studies from autistic human individuals indicate that PARK2, a gene that has long been considered in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, is involved in ASD. Here, we report that Prkn knockout (KO) mice demonstrate autistic-like behaviors including impaired social interaction, elevated repetitive behaviors, and deficits in communication. In addition, Prkn KO mice show reduced neuronal activity in the context of sociability in the prelimbic cortex. Cell morphological examination of layer 5 prelimbic cortical neurons shows a reduction in dendritic arborization and spine number. Furthermore, biochemistry and immunocytochemistry analyses reveal alterations in synapse density and the molecular composition of synapses. These findings indicate that Prkn is implicated in brain development and suggest the potential use of the Prkn KO mouse as a model for autism research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuda Huo
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Qingming Hou
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Heng-Ye Man
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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21
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PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy as a protective mechanism against AFB 1-induced liver injury in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 164:113043. [PMID: 35447291 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) can cause oxidative stress leading to mitochondrial damage and subsequent liver injury. Although it is well-known that damaged mitochondria are eliminated by PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy, this mechanism has not yet been characterized in the context of AFB1-induced liver injury. In this study, male wild-type C57BL/6N mice were divided into groups 1-4, which were then orally administered 0, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 mg/kg body weight AFB1 for 28 d, respectively. Our results demonstrated that oxidative stress, NLRP3-inflammasome activation, and mitochondrial damage were dose-dependently augmented in AFB1-induced liver injury. Additionally, PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy peaked in the groups that had received a mid-dose of AFB1 (0.75 mg/kg), which was attenuated slightly in high-dose groups. Afterward, we further characterized AFB1-induced liver injury by comparing wild-type C57BL/6N mice with Parkin knockout (Parkin-/-) mice. We found that the restricted mitophagy in Parkin-/- mice was associated with increased oxidative stress, NLRP3-inflammasome activation, mitochondrial damage, and liver injury. Taken together, these results indicate that PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy plays an important role in attenuating AFB1-induced liver injury in mice.
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22
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Li X, Zhang Q, Wang Z, Zhuang Q, Zhao M. Immune and Metabolic Alterations in Liver Fibrosis: A Disruption of Oxygen Homeostasis? Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:802251. [PMID: 35187072 PMCID: PMC8850363 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.802251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the WHO, “cirrhosis of the liver” was the 11th leading cause of death globally in 2019. Many kinds of liver diseases can develop into liver cirrhosis, and liver fibrosis is the main pathological presentation of different aetiologies, including toxic damage, viral infection, and metabolic and genetic diseases. It is characterized by excessive synthesis and decreased decomposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Hepatocyte cell death, hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, and inflammation are crucial incidences of liver fibrosis. The process of fibrosis is also closely related to metabolic and immune disorders, which are usually induced by the destruction of oxygen homeostasis, including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and hypoxia pathway activation. Mitochondria are important organelles in energy generation and metabolism. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are key factors activated when hypoxia occurs. Both are considered essential factors of liver fibrosis. In this review, the authors highlight the impact of oxygen imbalance on metabolism and immunity in liver fibrosis as well as potential novel targets for antifibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Quyan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Quan Zhuang
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Quan Zhuang, ; Mingyi Zhao,
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Quan Zhuang, ; Mingyi Zhao,
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23
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Jaeschke H, Adelusi OB, Akakpo JY, Nguyen NT, Sanchez-Guerrero G, Umbaugh DS, Ding WX, Ramachandran A. Recommendations for the use of the acetaminophen hepatotoxicity model for mechanistic studies and how to avoid common pitfalls. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3740-3755. [PMID: 35024303 PMCID: PMC8727921 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug, which is safe at therapeutic doses but can cause severe liver injury and even liver failure after overdoses. The mouse model of APAP hepatotoxicity recapitulates closely the human pathophysiology. As a result, this clinically relevant model is frequently used to study mechanisms of drug-induced liver injury and even more so to test potential therapeutic interventions. However, the complexity of the model requires a thorough understanding of the pathophysiology to obtain valid results and mechanistic information that is translatable to the clinic. However, many studies using this model are flawed, which jeopardizes the scientific and clinical relevance. The purpose of this review is to provide a framework of the model where mechanistically sound and clinically relevant data can be obtained. The discussion provides insight into the injury mechanisms and how to study it including the critical roles of drug metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, necrotic cell death, autophagy and the sterile inflammatory response. In addition, the most frequently made mistakes when using this model are discussed. Thus, considering these recommendations when studying APAP hepatotoxicity will facilitate the discovery of more clinically relevant interventions.
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Key Words
- AIF, apoptosis-inducing factor
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- APAP, acetaminophen
- ARE, antioxidant response element
- ATG, autophagy-related genes
- Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity
- Apoptosis
- Autophagy
- BSO, buthionine sulfoximine
- CAD, caspase-activated DNase
- CYP, cytochrome P450 enzymes
- DAMPs, damage-associated molecular patterns
- DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide
- Drug metabolism
- EndoG, endonuclease G
- FSP1, ferroptosis suppressing protein 1
- Ferroptosis
- GPX4, glutathione peroxidase 4
- GSH, glutathione
- GSSG, glutathione disulfide
- Gclc, glutamate–cysteine ligase catalytic subunit
- Gclm, glutamate–cysteine ligase modifier subunit
- HMGB1, high mobility group box protein 1
- HNE, 4-hydroxynonenal
- Innate immunity
- JNK, c-jun N-terminal kinase
- KEAP1, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
- LAMP, lysosomal-associated membrane protein
- LC3, light chain 3
- LOOH, lipid hydroperoxides
- LPO, lipid peroxidation
- MAP kinase, mitogen activated protein kinase
- MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MPT, mitochondrial permeability transition
- Mitochondria
- MnSOD, manganese superoxide dismutase
- NAC, N-acetylcysteine
- NAPQI, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine
- NF-κB, nuclear factor κB
- NQO1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1
- NRF2
- NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- PUFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SMAC/DIABLO, second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase/direct inhibitor of apoptosis-binding protein with low pI
- TLR, toll like receptor
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling
- UGT, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases
- mTORC1, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Olamide B Adelusi
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Jephte Y Akakpo
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Nga T Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Giselle Sanchez-Guerrero
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - David S Umbaugh
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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24
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Qian H, Bai Q, Yang X, Akakpo JY, Ji L, Yang L, Rülicke T, Zatloukal K, Jaeschke H, Ni HM, Ding WX. Dual roles of p62/SQSTM1 in the injury and recovery phases of acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3791-3805. [PMID: 35024307 PMCID: PMC8727897 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose can induce liver injury and is the most frequent cause of acute liver failure in the United States. We investigated the role of p62/SQSTM1 (referred to as p62) in APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) in mice. We found that the hepatic protein levels of p62 dramatically increased at 24 h after APAP treatment, which was inversely correlated with the hepatic levels of APAP-adducts. APAP also activated mTOR at 24 h, which is associated with increased cell proliferation. In contrast, p62 knockout (KO) mice showed increased hepatic levels of APAP-adducts detected by a specific antibody using Western blot analysis but decreased mTOR activation and cell proliferation with aggravated liver injury at 24 h after APAP treatment. Surprisingly, p62 KO mice recovered from AILI whereas the wild-type mice still sustained liver injury at 48 h. We found increased number of infiltrated macrophages in p62 KO mice that were accompanied with decreased hepatic von Willebrand factor (VWF) and platelet aggregation, which are associated with increased cell proliferation and improved liver injury at 48 h after APAP treatment. Our data indicate that p62 inhibits the late injury phase of AILI by increasing autophagic selective removal of APAP-adducts and mitochondria but impairs the recovery phase of AILI likely by enhancing hepatic blood coagulation.
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Key Words
- 4EBP-1, translational initiation factor 4E binding protein-1
- AILI, APAP-induced liver injury
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- APAP, acetaminophen
- APAP-AD, APAP-adducts
- Autophagy
- CLEC-2, C-type lectin-like receptor
- CYP2E1, cytochrome P450 2E
- Coagulation
- DILI
- GCL, glutamate cysteine ligase
- GSH, glutathione
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- Hepatotoxicity
- KC, Kupffer cells
- KEAP1, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1
- KIR, KEAP1-interacting region
- KO, knockout
- LC3, microtubule-associated light chain 3
- Liver regeneration
- Macrophage
- NAC, N-acetylcysteine
- NAPQI, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- NPCs, non-parenchymal cells
- NQO1, NADPH quinone dehydrogenase 1
- NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- Platelet
- S6, ribosomal protein S6 kinase
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling
- VWF, von Willebrand factor
- WT, wild type
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qian
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Qingyun Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jephte Y. Akakpo
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Lili Ji
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Veterinärplatz, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Kurt Zatloukal
- The Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz A-8036, Austria
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Hong-Min Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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25
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Yu LP, Shi TT, Li YQ, Mu JK, Yang YQ, Li WX, Yu J, Yang XX. The impact of Traditional Chinese Medicine on mitophagy in disease models. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 28:488-496. [PMID: 34620055 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666211006150410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitophagy plays an important role in maintaining mitochondrial quality and cell homeostasis through the degradation of damaged, aged, and dysfunctional mitochondria and misfolded proteins. Many human diseases, particularly neurodegenerative diseases, are related to disorders of mitochondrial phagocytosis. Exploring the regulatory mechanisms of mitophagy is of great significance for revealing the molecular mechanisms underlying the related diseases. Herein, we summarize the major mechanisms of mitophagy, the relationship of mitophagy with human diseases, and the role of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in mitophagy. These discussions enhance our knowledge of mitophagy and its potential therapeutic targets using TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500. China
| | - Ting-Ting Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, The Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310023. China
| | - Yan-Qin Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500. China
| | - Jian-Kang Mu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500. China
| | - Ya-Qin Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500. China
| | - Wei-Xi Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500. China
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500. China
| | - Xing-Xin Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500. China
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26
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Qian H, Chao X, Williams J, Fulte S, Li T, Yang L, Ding WX. Autophagy in liver diseases: A review. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 82:100973. [PMID: 34120768 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a highly dynamic metabolic organ that plays critical roles in plasma protein synthesis, gluconeogenesis and glycogen storage, cholesterol metabolism and bile acid synthesis as well as drug/xenobiotic metabolism and detoxification. Research from the past decades indicate that autophagy, the cellular catabolic process mediated by lysosomes, plays an important role in maintaining cellular and metabolic homeostasis in the liver. Hepatic autophagy fluctuates with hormonal cues and the availability of nutrients that respond to fed and fasting states as well as circadian activities. Dysfunction of autophagy in liver parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells can lead to various liver diseases including non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, alcohol associated liver disease, drug-induced liver injury, cholestasis, viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, targeting autophagy may be a potential strategy for treating these various liver diseases. In this review, we will discuss the current progress on the understanding of autophagy in liver physiology. We will also discuss several forms of selective autophagy in the liver and the molecular signaling pathways in regulating autophagy of different cell types and their implications in various liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qian
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Xiaojuan Chao
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Jessica Williams
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Sam Fulte
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Tiangang Li
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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27
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Sun H, Ni HM, McCracken JM, Akakpo JY, Fulte S, McKeen T, Jaeschke H, Wang H, Ding WX. Liver-specific deletion of mechanistic target of rapamycin does not protect against acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. LIVER RESEARCH 2021; 5:79-87. [PMID: 34504721 PMCID: PMC8425470 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose can cause liver injury and liver failure, which is one of the most common causes of drug-induced liver injury in the United States. Pharmacological activation of autophagy by inhibiting mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) protects against APAP-induced liver injury likely via autophagic removal of APAP-adducts and damaged mitochondria. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of genetic ablation of mTOR pathways in mouse liver in APAP-induced liver injury and liver repair/regeneration. METHODS Albumin-Cre (Alb-Cre) mice, mTORf/f and Raptorf/f mice (C57BL/6J background) were crossbred to produce liver-specific mTOR knockout (L-mTOR KO, Alb Cre+/-, mTORf/f) and liver-specific Raptor KO (L-Raptor, Alb Cre+/-, Raptor f/f) mice. Alb-Cre littermates were used as wild-type (WT) mice. These mice were treated with APAP for various time points for up to 48 h. Liver injury, cell proliferation, autophagy and mTOR activation were determined. RESULTS We found that genetic deletion of neither Raptor, an important adaptor protein in mTOR complex 1, nor mTOR, in the mouse liver significantly protected against APAP-induced liver injury despite increased hepatic autophagic flux. Genetic deletion of Raptor or mTOR in mouse livers did not affect APAP metabolism and APAP-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, but slightly improved mouse survival likely due to increased hepatocyte proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that genetic ablation of mTOR in mouse livers does not protect against APAP-induced liver injury but may slightly improve liver regeneration and mouse survival after APAP overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hong-Min Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jennifer M. McCracken
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jephte Y Akakpo
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Sam Fulte
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Tara McKeen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA. (W.-X. Ding)
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28
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Wrighton PJ, Shwartz A, Heo JM, Quenzer ED, LaBella KA, Harper JW, Goessling W. Quantitative intravital imaging in zebrafish reveals in vivo dynamics of physiological-stress-induced mitophagy. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs.256255. [PMID: 33536245 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.256255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy, the selective recycling of mitochondria through autophagy, is a crucial metabolic process induced by cellular stress, and defects are linked to aging, sarcopenia and neurodegenerative diseases. To therapeutically target mitophagy, the fundamental in vivo dynamics and molecular mechanisms must be fully understood. Here, we generated mitophagy biosensor zebrafish lines expressing mitochondrially targeted, pH-sensitive fluorescent probes, mito-Keima and mito-EGFP-mCherry, and used quantitative intravital imaging to illuminate mitophagy during physiological stresses, namely, embryonic development, fasting and hypoxia. In fasted muscle, volumetric mitolysosome size analyses documented organelle stress response dynamics, and time-lapse imaging revealed that mitochondrial filaments undergo piecemeal fragmentation and recycling rather than the wholesale turnover observed in cultured cells. Hypoxia-inducible factor (Hif) pathway activation through physiological hypoxia or chemical or genetic modulation also provoked mitophagy. Intriguingly, mutation of a single mitophagy receptor (bnip3) prevented this effect, whereas disruption of other putative hypoxia-associated mitophagy genes [bnip3la (nix), fundc1, pink1 or prkn (Parkin)] had no effect. This in vivo imaging study establishes fundamental dynamics of fasting-induced mitophagy and identifies bnip3 as the master regulator of Hif-induced mitophagy in vertebrate muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Wrighton
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Arkadi Shwartz
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jin-Mi Heo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eleanor D Quenzer
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kyle A LaBella
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - J Wade Harper
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA .,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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29
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Shojaie L, Iorga A, Dara L. Cell Death in Liver Diseases: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249682. [PMID: 33353156 PMCID: PMC7766597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) is pivotal in directing the severity and outcome of liver injury. Hepatocyte cell death is a critical event in the progression of liver disease due to resultant inflammation leading to fibrosis. Apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, autophagy, and recently, pyroptosis and ferroptosis, have all been investigated in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases. These cell death subroutines display distinct features, while sharing many similar characteristics with considerable overlap and crosstalk. Multiple types of cell death modes can likely coexist, and the death of different liver cell populations may contribute to liver injury in each type of disease. This review addresses the known signaling cascades in each cell death pathway and its implications in liver disease. In this review, we describe the common findings in each disease model, as well as the controversies and the limitations of current data with a particular focus on cell death-related research in humans and in rodent models of alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis (NASH/NAFLD), acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity, autoimmune hepatitis, cholestatic liver disease, and viral hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Shojaie
- Division of Gastrointestinal & Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (L.S.); (A.I.)
- Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Andrea Iorga
- Division of Gastrointestinal & Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (L.S.); (A.I.)
- Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Lily Dara
- Division of Gastrointestinal & Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (L.S.); (A.I.)
- Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Correspondence:
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Zhang P, Chen S, Tang H, Fang W, Chen K, Chen X. CoQ10 protects against acetaminophen-induced liver injury by enhancing mitophagy. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 410:115355. [PMID: 33271250 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), which is a key cofactor of the electron transport chain in the mitochondria has shown many beneficial effects on liver diseases. However, the mechanisms of CoQ10 protective role on the acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury are elusive and unclear. In this study, we further investigated the CoQ10 therapeutic effects on APAP-overdose liver injury. C57BL/6 J mice were intraperitoneally treated with APAP to induce liver injury. CoQ10 (5 mg/kg) was given to mice at 1.5 h after APAP treatment. The results showed that hepatic CoQ10 levels were decreased during the APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and preceded serum ALT elevation. Treatment of CoQ10 significantly improved the liver injury induced by APAP. Moreover, CoQ10 treatment decreased the ROS levels and promoted the antioxidative related gene expression in APAP overdose mice. Importantly, results showed that even though CoQ10 had no effects on the mtDNA copy number and the expression of genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis, it significantly improved the mitochondrial complex I and V activities and promoted the mitophagy in APAP-overdose mice. To further authenticate mitophagy role in CoQ10-mediated improved liver injury in vivo, we administrated APAP-overdose mice with chloroquine 1 h prior to APAP treatment and found that chloroquine treatment functionally abrogated the CoQ10 protective role on APAP overdose mice. To conclude, this study provides evidence that CoQ10 activates mitophagy to protect against APAP-induced liver injury. Therefore, CoQ10 may represent a novel therapeutic option for the prevention and treatment of drug-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwen Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, People's Republic of China; School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, People's Republic of China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanwen Tang
- School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanjun Fang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, People's Republic of China; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, People's Republic of China; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Schulz A, Sekine Y, Oyeyemi MJ, Abrams AJ, Basavaraju M, Han SM, Groth M, Morrison H, Strittmatter SM, Hammarlund M. The stress-responsive gene GDPGP1/mcp-1 regulates neuronal glycogen metabolism and survival. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:133634. [PMID: 31968056 PMCID: PMC7041677 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201807127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Maladaptive responses to stress might play a role in the sensitivity of neurons to stress. To identify novel cellular responses to stress, we performed transcriptional analysis in acutely stressed mouse neurons, followed by functional characterization in Caenorhabditis elegans. In both contexts, we found that the gene GDPGP1/mcp-1 is down-regulated by a variety of stresses. Functionally, the enzyme GDPGP1/mcp-1 protects against stress. Knockdown of GDPGP1 in mouse neurons leads to widespread neuronal cell death. Loss of mcp-1, the single homologue of GDPGP1 in C. elegans, leads to increased degeneration of GABA neurons as well as reduced survival of animals following environmental stress. Overexpression of mcp-1 in neurons enhances survival under hypoxia and protects against neurodegeneration in a tauopathy model. GDPGP1/mcp-1 regulates neuronal glycogen levels, indicating a key role for this metabolite in neuronal stress resistance. Together, our data indicate that down-regulation of GDPGP1/mcp-1 and consequent loss of neuronal glycogen is a maladaptive response that limits neuronal stress resistance and reduces survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schulz
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Yuichi Sekine
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT.,Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Motunrayo J Oyeyemi
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Alexander J Abrams
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Manasa Basavaraju
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Sung Min Han
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Marco Groth
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Helen Morrison
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Stephen M Strittmatter
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT.,Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Marc Hammarlund
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT
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Edmunds LR, Xie B, Mills AM, Huckestein BR, Undamatla R, Murali A, Pangburn MM, Martin J, Sipula I, Kaufman BA, Scott I, Jurczak MJ. Liver-specific Prkn knockout mice are more susceptible to diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. Mol Metab 2020; 41:101051. [PMID: 32653576 PMCID: PMC7399260 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective PARKIN is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that regulates mitochondrial quality control through a process called mitophagy. Recent human and rodent studies suggest that loss of hepatic mitophagy may occur during the pathogenesis of obesity-associated fatty liver and contribute to changes in mitochondrial metabolism associated with this disease. Whole-body Prkn knockout mice are paradoxically protected against diet-induced hepatic steatosis; however, liver-specific effects of Prkn deficiency cannot be discerned in this model due to pleotropic effects of germline Prkn deletion on energy balance and subsequent protection against diet-induced obesity. We therefore generated the first liver-specific Prkn knockout mouse strain (LKO) to directly address the role of hepatic Prkn. Methods Littermate control (WT) and LKO mice were fed regular chow (RC) or high-fat diet (HFD) and changes in body weight and composition were measured over time. Liver mitochondrial content was assessed using multiple, complementary techniques, and mitochondrial respiratory capacity was assessed using Oroboros O2K platform. Liver fat was measured biochemically and assessed histologically, while global changes in hepatic gene expression were measured by RNA-seq. Whole-body and tissue-specific insulin resistance were assessed by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp with isotopic tracers. Results Liver-specific deletion of Prkn had no effect on body weight or adiposity during RC or HFD feeding; however, hepatic steatosis was increased by 45% in HFD-fed LKO compared with WT mice (P < 0.05). While there were no differences in mitochondrial content between genotypes on either diet, mitochondrial respiratory capacity and efficiency in the liver were significantly reduced in LKO mice. Gene enrichment analyses from liver RNA-seq results suggested significant changes in pathways related to lipid metabolism and fibrosis in HFD-fed Prkn knockout mice. Finally, whole-body insulin sensitivity was reduced by 35% in HFD-fed LKO mice (P < 0.05), which was primarily due to increased hepatic insulin resistance (60% of whole-body effect; P = 0.11). Conclusions These data demonstrate that PARKIN contributes to mitochondrial homeostasis in the liver and plays a protective role against the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity is reduced in liver-specific Prkn knockout mice. Liver-specific Prkn knockout mice develop more severe steatosis during high-fat diet feeding. Pathogenesis of NAFLD, including insulin resistance and markers of fibrosis, is enhanced in liver-specific Prkn knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia R Edmunds
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bingxian Xie
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amanda M Mills
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brydie R Huckestein
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ramya Undamatla
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anjana Murali
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Martha M Pangburn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James Martin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ian Sipula
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brett A Kaufman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Iain Scott
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael J Jurczak
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Tan Q, Liu Y, Deng X, Chen J, Tsai PJ, Chen PH, Ye M, Guo J, Su Z. Autophagy: a promising process for the treatment of acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:2925-2938. [PMID: 32529281 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02780-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Toxicity from drugs has become an important cause of acute liver failure. Acetaminophen, a commonly used analgesic, can cause severe acute liver injury that can worsen into acute liver failure. Autophagy, a protective cell programme, has been reported to have protective effects in a variety of diseases such as cancer, immune diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammatory diseases. In this review, we describe how an excess of acetaminophen causes liver injury step by step, from the formation of the initial protein adduct to the final hepatocyte necrosis, as well as the induction of autophagy and its beneficial effects on diseases. Emphasis is placed on the potential effect of autophagy on improving the damage of acetaminophen to hepatocytes. Finally, we are committed to providing insights into the treatment of acute liver failure through the mechanism of acetaminophen induced liver injury, the mechanism of autophagy, and the link between autophagy and liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhua Tan
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Deng
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping-Ju Tsai
- King-Prebiotics Biotechnology (TW) CO., Ltd., New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Hsuan Chen
- King-Prebiotics Biotechnology (TW) CO., Ltd., New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Manxiang Ye
- New Francisco (Yunfu City) Biotechnology CO. Ltd., Yunfu, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Crespo I, Fernández-Palanca P, San-Miguel B, Álvarez M, González-Gallego J, Tuñón MJ. Melatonin modulates mitophagy, innate immunity and circadian clocks in a model of viral-induced fulminant hepatic failure. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:7625-7636. [PMID: 32468679 PMCID: PMC7339179 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) is a non‐cultivable virus that promotes in rabbits an acute disease which accomplishes many characteristics of an animal model of fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). Beneficial effects of melatonin have been reported in RHDV‐infected rabbits. This study investigated whether protection against viral‐derived liver injury by melatonin is associated with modulation of mitophagy, innate immunity and clock signalling. Rabbits were experimentally infected with 2 × 104 haemagglutination units of a RHDV isolate and killed at 18, 24 and 30 hours after infection (hpi). Melatonin (20 mg/kg body weight ip) was administered at 0, 12 and 24 hpi. RHDV infection induced mitophagy, with the presence of a high number of mitophagosomes in hepatocytes and increased expression of mitophagy genes. Greater expression of main innate immune intermediaries and inflammasome components was also found in livers with RHDV‐induced FHF. Both mitophagy and innate immunity activation was significantly hindered by melatonin. FHF induction also elicited an early dysregulation in clock signalling, and melatonin was able to prevent such circadian disruption. Our study discloses novel molecular routes contributing to RHDV‐induced damage progression and supports the potential of melatonin as a promising therapeutic option in human FHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Crespo
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain.,Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Javier González-Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), León, Spain
| | - María Jesús Tuñón
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), León, Spain
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35
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Ma X, McKeen T, Zhang J, Ding WX. Role and Mechanisms of Mitophagy in Liver Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040837. [PMID: 32244304 PMCID: PMC7226762 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrion is an organelle that plays a vital role in the regulation of hepatic cellular redox, lipid metabolism, and cell death. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with both acute and chronic liver diseases with emerging evidence indicating that mitophagy, a selective form of autophagy for damaged/excessive mitochondria, plays a key role in the liver’s physiology and pathophysiology. This review will focus on mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy regulation, and their roles in various liver diseases (alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, drug-induced liver injury, hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, viral hepatitis, and cancer) with the hope that a better understanding of the molecular events and signaling pathways in mitophagy regulation will help identify promising targets for the future treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (X.M.); (T.M.)
| | - Tara McKeen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (X.M.); (T.M.)
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (X.M.); (T.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-913-588-9813
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Ke PY. Mitophagy in the Pathogenesis of Liver Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040831. [PMID: 32235615 PMCID: PMC7226805 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic process involving vacuolar sequestration of intracellular components and their targeting to lysosomes for degradation, thus supporting nutrient recycling and energy regeneration. Accumulating evidence indicates that in addition to being a bulk, nonselective degradation mechanism, autophagy may selectively eliminate damaged mitochondria to promote mitochondrial turnover, a process termed “mitophagy”. Mitophagy sequesters dysfunctional mitochondria via ubiquitination and cargo receptor recognition and has emerged as an important event in the regulation of liver physiology. Recent studies have shown that mitophagy may participate in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases, such as liver injury, liver steatosis/fatty liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, viral hepatitis, and hepatic fibrosis. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the molecular regulations and functions of mitophagy in liver physiology and the roles of mitophagy in the development of liver-related diseases. Furthermore, the therapeutic implications of targeting hepatic mitophagy to design a new strategy to cure liver diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yuan Ke
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; ; Tel.: +886-3-211-8800 (ext. 5115); Fax: +886-3-211-8700
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
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Ishaq M, Ojha R, Sharma AP, Singh SK. Autophagy in cancer: Recent advances and future directions. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 66:171-181. [PMID: 32201367 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is being explored as a potential therapeutic target for enhancing the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic regimens in various malignancies. Autophagy plays a very important role in cancer pathogenesis. Here, we discuss the updates on the modulation of autophagy via dynamic interactions with different organelles and the exploitation of selective autophagy for exploring therapeutic strategies. We further discuss the role of autophagy inhibitors in cancer preclinical and clinical trials, novel autophagy inhibitors, and challenges likely to be faced by clinicians while inducting autophagy modulators in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Ishaq
- School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stanford University, CA, USA.
| | - Rani Ojha
- School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stanford University, CA, USA.
| | - Aditya P Sharma
- Department of Urology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Shrawan K Singh
- Department of Urology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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Jaeschke H, Ramachandran A. Mechanisms and pathophysiological significance of sterile inflammation during acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 138:111240. [PMID: 32145352 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic drug, which can cause severe liver injury after an overdose. The intracellular signaling mechanisms of APAP-induced cell death such as reactive metabolite formation, mitochondrial dysfunction and nuclear DNA fragmentation have been extensively studied. Hepatocyte necrosis releases damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) which activate cytokine and chemokine formation in macrophages. These signals activate and recruit neutrophils, monocytes and other leukocytes into the liver. While this sterile inflammatory response removes necrotic cell debris and promotes tissue repair, the capability of leukocytes to also cause tissue injury makes this a controversial topic. This review summarizes the literature on the role of various DAMPs, cytokines and chemokines, and the pathophysiological function of Kupffer cells, neutrophils, monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages, and NK and NKT cells during APAP hepatotoxicity. Careful evaluation of results and experimental designs of studies dealing with the inflammatory response after APAP toxicity provide very limited evidence for aggravation of liver injury but support of the hypothesis that these leukocytes promote tissue repair. In addition, many cytokines and chemokines modulate tissue injury by affecting the intracellular signaling events of cell death rather than toxicity of leukocytes. Reasons for the controversial results in this area are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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Role of autophagy in alcohol and drug-induced liver injury. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 136:111075. [PMID: 31877367 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.111075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) and drug-induced liver injury (DILI) are common causes of severe liver disease, and successful treatments are lacking. Autophagy plays a protective role in both ALD and DILI by selectively removing damaged mitochondria (mitophagy), lipid droplets (lipophagy), protein aggregates and adducts in hepatocytes. Autophagy also protects against ALD by degrading interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) and damaged mitochondria in hepatic macrophages. Specifically, we will discuss selective autophagy for removal of damaged mitochondria and lipid droplets in hepatocytes and autophagy-mediated degradation of IRF1 in hepatic macrophages as protective mechanisms against alcohol-induced liver injury and steatosis. In addition, selective autophagy for removal of damaged mitochondria and protein adducts for protection against DILI is discussed in this review. Development of new therapeutics for ALD and DILI is greatly needed, and selective autophagy pathways may provide promising targets. Drug and alcohol effects on autophagy regulation as well as protective mechanisms of autophagy against DILI and ALD are highlighted in this review.
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40
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Chen Y, Park HJ, Park J, Song HC, Ryter SW, Surh YJ, Kim UH, Joe Y, Chung HT. Carbon monoxide ameliorates acetaminophen-induced liver injury by increasing hepatic HO-1 and Parkin expression. FASEB J 2019; 33:13905-13919. [PMID: 31645120 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901258rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is widely used as an antifebrile and analgesic drug at recommended doses, whereas an overdose of APAP can cause severe liver damage. The molecular mechanisms underlying APAP-induced liver damage remain incompletely understood. Carbon monoxide (CO), an end-product of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 activity, can confer anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties in cellular models of toxicity via regulation of mitochondrial function. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of CO on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and CO's relationship to regulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial signaling using CO-releasing molecules or low concentrations of CO applied as pretreatment or posttreatment. Using genetic deletion or knockdown approaches in alpha mouse liver cells or primary hepatocytes, respectively, we investigated the role of HO-1 and the mitophagy regulator protein Parkin on APAP-induced expression of the ER stress-associated apoptosis regulator cytosine-cytosine-adenosine-adenosine-thymidine (CCAAT)/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP). We found that CO induced Parkin expression in hepatocytes via the protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase/eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-α/activating transcription factor-4 signaling pathway. Additionally, CO gas inhalation significantly alleviated APAP-induced liver damage in vivo and correspondingly reduced serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels as well as proinflammatory cytokines and reduced the expression of CHOP in liver tissues while dramatically increasing hepatic HO-1 and Parkin expression. We found that the protective effects of CO on APAP-induced liver damage were mediated by down-regulation of CHOP at a transcriptional and post-translational level via induction of HO-1 and Parkin, respectively, and associated with decreases in reactive oxygen species production and JNK phosphorylation. We conclude that CO may represent a promising therapeutic agent for APAP-induced liver injury.-Chen, Y., Park, H.-J., Park, J., Song, H.-C., Ryter, S. W., Surh, Y.-J., Kim, U.-H., Joe, Y., Chung, H. T. Carbon monoxide ameliorates acetaminophen-induced liver injury by increasing hepatic HO-1 and Parkin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqing Chen
- National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca2+ Signaling Network, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Dalian University Medical College, Dalian, China
| | - Hyeok-Jun Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Jeongmin Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Chul Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Stefan W Ryter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Uh-Hyun Kim
- National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca Signaling Network, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Yeonsoo Joe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Hun Taeg Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
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Jaeschke H, Ramachandran A, Chao X, Ding WX. Emerging and established modes of cell death during acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:3491-3502. [PMID: 31641808 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury is an important clinical and toxicological problem. Understanding the mechanisms and modes of cell death are vital for the development of therapeutic interventions. The histological and clinical features of APAP hepatotoxicity including cell and organelle swelling, karyolysis, and extensive cell contents release lead to the characterization of the cell death as oncotic necrosis. However, the more recent identification of detailed signaling mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction, the amplification mechanisms of mitochondrial oxidant stress and peroxynitrite formation by a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, mechanisms of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening and nuclear DNA fragmentation as well as the characterization of the sterile inflammatory response suggested that the mode of cell death is better termed programmed necrosis. Additional features like mitochondrial Bax translocation and cytochrome c release, mobilization of lysosomal iron and the activation of receptor-interacting protein kinases and the inflammasome raised the question whether other emerging modes of cell death such as apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis and pyroptosis could also play a role. The current review summarizes the key mechanisms of APAP-induced liver injury and compares these with key features of the newly described modes of cell death. Based on the preponderance of experimental and clinical evidence, the mode of APAP-induced cell death should be termed programmed necrosis; despite some overlap with other modes of cell death, APAP hepatotoxicity does not fulfill the characteristics of either apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis or autophagic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 1018, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 1018, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Xiaojuan Chao
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 1018, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 1018, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
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Shan S, Shen Z, Zhang C, Kou R, Xie K, Song F. Mitophagy protects against acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury in mice through inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 169:113643. [PMID: 31542387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction was considered as a critical event involved in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury. Mitophagy is a type of autophagy responsible for the selective removal of damaged mitochondria. However, the exact role and possible mechanism of mitophagy in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity remains largely unknown. In this study, C57/BL6 mice were used to establish a model of acute liver injury via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection with different doses of APAP. Furthermore, autophagy intervention experiments were achieved by the administration of rapamycin (RAPA) or chloroquine (CQ) one hour prior to dosing 300 mg/kg APAP. The activity of serum enzymes and pathological changes of APAP-treated mice were evaluated, and the critical molecules in mitophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome pathway were determined by electron microscopy, immunoblot, immunofluorescence and real-time PCR. The results demonstrated that APAP overdose resulted in an activation of PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in mice liver. Moreover, the expression of the critical molecules in NF-kB and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway were markedly increased by APAP. Our further investigation found that pretreatment with RAPA protected against APAP-induced hepatoxicity in mice. Notably, RAPA significantly inhibited the activation of NF-kB and NLRP3 inflammasome and the production of IL-1β in APAP-treated mice. By contrast, pretreatment with CQ further enhanced NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway. Taken together, these results indicated that activation of PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy protects against APAP-induced acute liver injury in mice through inhibiting inflammasome activation. Therefore, mitophagy may represent a promising therapeutic target for APAP-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Shan
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Shen
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China; Hebei Provincial Chest Hospital, 372 North Shengli Street, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050041, PR China
| | - Cuiqin Zhang
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Ruirui Kou
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Keqin Xie
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Fuyong Song
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
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Wrighton PJ, Oderberg IM, Goessling W. There Is Something Fishy About Liver Cancer: Zebrafish Models of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 8:347-363. [PMID: 31108233 PMCID: PMC6713889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the mortality resulting from HCC are both increasing. Most patients with HCC are diagnosed at advanced stages when curative treatments are impossible. Current drug therapy extends mean overall survival by only a short period of time. Genetic mutations associated with HCC vary widely. Therefore, transgenic and mutant animal models are needed to investigate the molecular effects of specific mutations, classify them as drivers or passengers, and develop targeted treatments. Cirrhosis, however, is the premalignant state common to 90% of HCC patients. Currently, no specific therapies are available to halt or reverse the progression of cirrhosis to HCC. Understanding the genetic drivers of HCC as well as the biochemical, mechanical, hormonal, and metabolic changes associated with cirrhosis could lead to novel treatments and cancer prevention strategies. Although additional therapies recently received Food and Drug Administration approval, significant clinical breakthroughs have not emerged since the introduction of the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib, necessitating alternate research strategies. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are effective for disease modeling because of their high degree of gene and organ architecture conservation with human beings, ease of transgenesis and mutagenesis, high fecundity, and low housing cost. Here, we review zebrafish models of HCC and identify areas on which to focus future research efforts to maximize the advantages of the zebrafish model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Wrighton
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Isaac M Oderberg
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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44
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Wang H, Ni HM, Chao X, Ma X, Rodriguez YA, Chavan H, Wang S, Krishnamurthy P, Dobrowsky R, Xu DX, Jaeschke H, Ding WX. Double deletion of PINK1 and Parkin impairs hepatic mitophagy and exacerbates acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. Redox Biol 2019; 22:101148. [PMID: 30818124 PMCID: PMC6395945 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria damage plays a critical role in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced necrosis and liver injury. Cells can adapt and protect themselves by removing damaged mitochondria via mitophagy. PINK1-Parkin pathway is one of the major pathways that regulate mitophagy but its role in APAP-induced liver injury is still elusive. We investigated the role of PINK1-Parkin pathway in hepatocyte mitophagy in APAP-induced liver injury in mice. Wild-type (WT), PINK1 knockout (KO), Parkin KO, and PINK1 and Parkin double KO (DKO) mice were treated with APAP for different time points. Liver injury was determined by measuring serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, H&E staining as well as TUNEL staining of liver tissues. Tandem fluorescent-tagged inner mitochondrial membrane protein Cox8 (Cox8-GFP-mCherry) can be used to monitor mitophagy based on different pH stability of GFP and mCherry fluorescent proteins. We overexpressed Cox8-GFP-mCherry in mouse livers via tail vein injection of an adenovirus Cox8-GFP-mCherry. Mitophagy was assessed by confocal microscopy for Cox8-GFP-mCherry puncta, electron microscopy (EM) analysis for mitophagosomes and western blot analysis for mitochondrial proteins. Parkin KO and PINK1 KO mice improved the survival after treatment with APAP although the serum levels of ALT were not significantly different among PINK1 KO, Parkin KO and WT mice. We only found mild defects of mitophagy in PINK1 KO or Parkin KO mice after APAP, and improved survival in PINK1 KO and Parkin KO mice could be due to other functions of PINK1 and Parkin independent of mitophagy. In contrast, APAP-induced mitophagy was significantly impaired in PINK1-Parkin DKO mice. PINK1-Parkin DKO mice had further elevated serum levels of ALT and increased mortality after APAP administration. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that PINK1-Parkin signaling pathway plays a critical role in APAP-induced mitophagy and liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230032, China; Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Hong-Min Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Xiaojuan Chao
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Xiaowen Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Yssa Ann Rodriguez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Hemantkumar Chavan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Shaogui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Partha Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Rick Dobrowsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230032, China
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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45
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Li Y, Ni HM, Jaeschke H, Ding WX. Chlorpromazine protects against acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice by modulating autophagy and c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation. LIVER RESEARCH 2019; 3:65-74. [PMID: 31815033 PMCID: PMC6897503 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) leads to liver injury, which is one of the most common causes of liver failure in the United States. We previously demonstrated that pharmacological activation of autophagy protects against APAP-induced liver injury in mice via removal of damaged mitochondria and APAP-adducts (APAP-ADs). Using an image-based high-throughput screening for autophagy modulators, we recently identified that chlorpromazine (CPZ), a dopamine inhibitor used for anti-schizophrenia, is a potent autophagy inducer in vitro. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to determine whether CPZ may protect against APAP-induced liver injury via inducing autophagy. METHODS Wild type C57BL/6J mice were injected with APAP to induce liver injury. CPZ was administrated either at the same time with APAP (co-treatment) or 2 h later after APAP administration (post-treatment). Hemotoxyline and eosin (H&E) staining of liver histology, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining of necrotic cell death as well as serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were used to monitor liver injury. RESULTS We found that CPZ markedly protected against APAP-induced liver injury as demonstrated by decreased serum levels of ALT, liver necrotic areas as well as TUNEL-positive cells in mice that were either co-treated or post-treated with CPZ. Mechanistically, we observed that CPZ increased the number of autolysosomes and decreased APAP-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation without affecting the metabolic activation of APAP. Pharmacological inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine partially weakened the protective effects of CPZ against APAP-induced liver injury. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that CPZ ameliorates APAP-induced liver injury partially via activating hepatic autophagy and inhibiting JNK activation.
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Ding Q, Xie XL, Wang MM, Yin J, Tian JM, Jiang XY, Zhang D, Han J, Bai Y, Cui ZJ, Jiang HQ. The role of the apoptosis-related protein BCL-B in the regulation of mitophagy in hepatic stellate cells during the regression of liver fibrosis. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-13. [PMID: 30635551 PMCID: PMC6329697 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0199-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The clearance of activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) by apoptosis is critical for the reversibility of hepatic fibrosis. Mitochondrial homeostasis is regulated by mitophagy, which is an efficient way of clearing injured mitochondria that plays an important role in apoptosis. However, the role of mitophagy in apoptosis in HSCs and hepatic fibrosis is still unclear. Here, we show that mitophagy is enhanced in parallel with increased apoptosis in hepatic stellate cells during the reversal of hepatic fibrosis. The inhibition of mitophagy suppressed apoptosis in HSCs and aggravated hepatic fibrosis in mice. In contrast, the activation of mitophagy induced apoptosis in HSCs. Furthermore, we confirmed that BCL-B, which is a member of the BCL-2 family, is a regulator mediating mitophagy-related apoptosis. The knockdown of BCL-B resulted in increased apoptosis and mitophagy in HSCs, while the overexpression of BCL-B caused the opposite effects. BCL-B inhibited the phosphorylation of Parkin (a key regulator of mitophagy) and directly bound phospho-Parkin. Altogether, enhanced mitophagy promotes apoptosis in HSCs during the reversal of hepatic fibrosis. BCL-B suppresses mitophagy in HSCs by binding and suppressing phospho-Parkin, thereby inhibiting apoptosis. BCL-B-dependent mitophagy is a new pathway for the regulation of apoptosis in HSCs during the regression of hepatic fibrosis. Clearing away defective mitochondria helps destroy cells in the liver that contribute to tissue scarring; the signaling pathway involved offers a new therapeutic target. Hui-Qing Jiang and colleagues from the Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology in Shijiazhuang, China, induced liver fibrosis in mice and showed that as the animals recovered and the damage to their liver tissue was reversed, injured mitochondria were cleared from fibrosis-causing cells in tandem with the cells’ controlled destruction. Experimentally inhibiting the process of mitochondrial clearance also inhibited cell death and aggravated fibrotic scarring in the mice. The researchers identified a signaling pathway that regulates mitochondrial cleanup and, in turn, also controlled cell death. Targeting this pathway offer a potential new therapeutic strategy for reversing liver fibrosis in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiao-Li Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Miao-Miao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jin-Mei Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yun Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zi-Jin Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hui-Qing Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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Zheng S, Kusnadi A, Choi JE, Vuong BQ, Rhodes D, Chaudhuri J. NME proteins regulate class switch recombination. FEBS Lett 2018; 593:80-87. [PMID: 30411342 PMCID: PMC6333498 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Class switch recombination (CSR) in B cells involves deletion-recombination at switch (S) region DNA and is important for the diversification of antibody isotypes during an immune response. Here, we identify two NME [NM23/NDPK (nucleoside diphosphate kinase)] isoforms, NME1 and NME2, as novel players in this process. Knockdown of NME2 leads to decreased CSR, while knockdown of the highly homologous NME1 results in increased CSR. Interestingly, these NME proteins also display differential occupancy at S regions during CSR despite their homology; NME1 binds to S regions prior to stimulation, while NME2 binds to S regions only after stimulation. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first report of a role for these proteins in the regulation of CSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Zheng
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA.,NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anthony Kusnadi
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA.,Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and Genomics Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jee Eun Choi
- Department of Biology, City College of New York, NY, USA
| | - Bao Q Vuong
- Department of Biology, City College of New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniela Rhodes
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jayanta Chaudhuri
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
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48
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Chao X, Wang S, Zhao K, Li Y, Williams JA, Li T, Chavan H, Krishnamurthy P, He XC, Li L, Ballabio A, Ni HM, Ding WX. Impaired TFEB-Mediated Lysosome Biogenesis and Autophagy Promote Chronic Ethanol-Induced Liver Injury and Steatosis in Mice. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:865-879.e12. [PMID: 29782848 PMCID: PMC6120772 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Defects in lysosome function and autophagy contribute to the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. We investigated the mechanisms by which alcohol consumption affects these processes by evaluating the functions of transcription factor EB (TFEB), which regulates lysosomal biogenesis. METHODS We performed studies with GFP-LC3 mice, mice with liver-specific deletion of TFEB, mice with disruption of the transcription factor E3 gene (TFE3-knockout mice), mice with disruption of the Tefb and Tfe3 genes (TFEB and TFE3 double-knockout mice), and Tfebflox/flox albumin cre-negative mice (controls). TFEB was overexpressed from adenoviral vectors or knocked down with small interfering RNAs in mouse livers. Mice were placed on diets of regular ethanol feeding plus an acute binge to induce liver damage (ethanol diet); some mice also were given injections of torin-1, an inhibitor of the kinase activity of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). Liver tissues were collected and analyzed by immunohistochemistry, immunoblots, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to monitor lysosome biogenesis. We analyzed levels of TFEB in liver tissues from patients with alcoholic hepatitis and from healthy donors (controls) by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Liver tissues from mice on the ethanol diet had lower levels of total and nuclear TFEB compared with control mice, and hepatocytes had decreased lysosome biogenesis and autophagy. Hepatocytes from mice on the ethanol diet had increased translocation of mTOR into lysosomes, resulting in increased mTOR activation. Administration of torin-1 increased liver levels of TFEB and decreased steatosis and liver injury induced by ethanol. Mice that overexpressed TFEB in the liver developed less severe ethanol-induced liver injury and had increased lysosomal biogenesis and mitochondrial bioenergetics compared with mice carrying a control vector. Mice with knockdown of TFEB and TFEB-TFE3 double-knockout mice developed more severe liver injury in response to the ethanol diet than control mice. Liver tissues from patients with alcohol-induced hepatitis had lower nuclear levels of TFEB than control tissues. CONCLUSIONS We found that ethanol feeding plus an acute binge decreased hepatic expression of TFEB, which is required for lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. Strategies to block mTOR activity or increase levels of TFEB might be developed to protect the liver from ethanol-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Chao
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Shaogui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Katrina Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Jessica A Williams
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Tiangang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Hemantkumar Chavan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Partha Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Xi C He
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Linheng Li
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, TIGEM, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy,Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hong-Min Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA,Correspondence to: Wen-Xing Ding, Ph.D., Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, MS 1018, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, Kansas 66160, Phone: 913-588-9813; Fax: 913-588-7501, ; Hong-Min Ni, MD., Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, MS 1018 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, Kansas 66160, Phone: 913-588-9813; Fax: 913-588-7501,
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.
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49
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Chao X, Wang H, Jaeschke H, Ding WX. Role and mechanisms of autophagy in acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Liver Int 2018; 38:1363-1374. [PMID: 29682868 PMCID: PMC6105454 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the most frequent cause of acute liver failure in the USA and many other countries. Although the metabolism and pathogenesis of APAP has been extensively investigated for decades, the mechanisms by which APAP induces liver injury are incompletely known, which hampers the development of effective therapeutic approaches to tackle this important clinical problem. Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular degradation pathway, which aims at recycling cellular components and damaged organelles in response to adverse environmental conditions and stresses as a survival mechanism. There is accumulating evidence indicating that autophagy is activated in response to APAP overdose in specific liver zone areas, and pharmacological activation of autophagy protects against APAP-induced liver injury. Increasing evidence also suggests that hepatic autophagy is impaired in nonalcoholic fatty livers (NAFLD), and NAFLD patients are more susceptible to APAP-induced liver injury. Here, we summarized the current progress on the role and mechanisms of autophagy in protecting against APAP-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Chao
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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50
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Mo R, Lai R, Lu J, Zhuang Y, Zhou T, Jiang S, Ren P, Li Z, Cao Z, Liu Y, Chen L, Xiong L, Wang P, Wang H, Cai W, Xiang X, Bao S, Xie Q. Enhanced autophagy contributes to protective effects of IL-22 against acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Theranostics 2018; 8:4170-4180. [PMID: 30128045 PMCID: PMC6096391 DOI: 10.7150/thno.25798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute or acute-on-chronic liver failure is a leading cause of death in liver diseases without effective treatment. Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of severe alcoholic hepatitis, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be explored. Autophagy plays a critical role in alleviating liver injury. The aim of the current study is to explore the role of autophagy in IL-22-mediated hepato-protective effect against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury. Methods: A model of acute liver injury induced by APAP was used in vivo. IL-22 was administrated to the APAP-treated mice. Hepatocytes were pre-incubated with IL-22, followed by exposure to APAP for in vitro analyses. Results: IL-22 administration significantly reduced serum ALT and AST, hepatic reactive oxygen species, and liver necrosis in APAP-challenged mice. APAP treatment increased hepatic autophagosomes, which was further intensified by IL-22 co-treatment. Hepatic LC3-II was moderately upregulated after APAP administration without obvious alteration of phosphorylation of AMP-activated kinase (p-AMPK). IL-22 pretreatment significantly upregulated hepatic LC3-II and p-AMPK in APAP-treated mice. IL-22 also alleviated APAP-induced cytotoxicity and upregulated LC3-II and p-AMPK expression in cultured hepatocytes treated with APAP in vitro. When p-AMPK was blocked with compound C (an AMPK inhibitor), IL-22-mediated LC3-II conversion and protection against APAP-induced cytotoxicity was weakened. Conclusions: Enhanced AMPK-dependent autophagy contributes to protective effects of IL-22 against APAP-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruidong Mo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongtao Lai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianhui Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaowen Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peipei Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziqiang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhujun Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lichang Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifu Xiong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaogang Xiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shisan Bao
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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