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Nishida K, Ueno S, Seino Y, Hidaka S, Murao N, Asano Y, Fujisawa H, Shibata M, Takayanagi T, Ohbayashi K, Iwasaki Y, Iizuka K, Okuda S, Tanaka M, Fujii T, Tochio T, Yabe D, Yamada Y, Sugimura Y, Hirooka Y, Hayashi Y, Suzuki A. Impaired Fat Absorption from Intestinal Tract in High-Fat Diet Fed Male Mice Deficient in Proglucagon-Derived Peptides. Nutrients 2024; 16:2270. [PMID: 39064713 PMCID: PMC11280123 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Proglucagon-derived peptides (PDGPs) including glucagon (Gcg), GLP-1, and GLP-2 regulate lipid metabolism in the liver, adipocytes, and intestine. However, the mechanism by which PGDPs participate in alterations in lipid metabolism induced by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding has not been elucidated. (2) Methods: Mice deficient in PGDP (GCGKO) and control mice were fed HFD for 7 days and analyzed, and differences in lipid metabolism in the liver, adipose tissue, and duodenum were investigated. (3) Results: GCGKO mice under HFD showed lower expression levels of the genes involved in free fatty acid (FFA) oxidation such as Hsl, Atgl, Cpt1a, Acox1 (p < 0.05), and Pparα (p = 0.05) mRNA in the liver than in control mice, and both FFA and triglycerides content in liver and adipose tissue weight were lower in the GCGKO mice. On the other hand, phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in white adipose tissue did not differ between the two groups. GCGKO mice under HFD exhibited lower expression levels of Pparα and Cd36 mRNA in the duodenum as well as increased fecal cholesterol contents compared to HFD-controls. (4) Conclusions: GCGKO mice fed HFD exhibit a lesser increase in hepatic FFA and triglyceride contents and adipose tissue weight, despite reduced β-oxidation in the liver, than in control mice. Thus, the absence of PGDP prevents dietary-induced fatty liver development due to decreased lipid uptake in the intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Nishida
- Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.N.); (S.U.); (S.H.); (N.M.); (Y.A.); (H.F.); (M.S.); (T.T.); (Y.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Shinji Ueno
- Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.N.); (S.U.); (S.H.); (N.M.); (Y.A.); (H.F.); (M.S.); (T.T.); (Y.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Yusuke Seino
- Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.N.); (S.U.); (S.H.); (N.M.); (Y.A.); (H.F.); (M.S.); (T.T.); (Y.S.); (A.S.)
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kyoto 604-8436, Japan; (D.Y.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Shihomi Hidaka
- Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.N.); (S.U.); (S.H.); (N.M.); (Y.A.); (H.F.); (M.S.); (T.T.); (Y.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Naoya Murao
- Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.N.); (S.U.); (S.H.); (N.M.); (Y.A.); (H.F.); (M.S.); (T.T.); (Y.S.); (A.S.)
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kyoto 604-8436, Japan; (D.Y.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yuki Asano
- Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.N.); (S.U.); (S.H.); (N.M.); (Y.A.); (H.F.); (M.S.); (T.T.); (Y.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Haruki Fujisawa
- Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.N.); (S.U.); (S.H.); (N.M.); (Y.A.); (H.F.); (M.S.); (T.T.); (Y.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Megumi Shibata
- Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.N.); (S.U.); (S.H.); (N.M.); (Y.A.); (H.F.); (M.S.); (T.T.); (Y.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Takeshi Takayanagi
- Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.N.); (S.U.); (S.H.); (N.M.); (Y.A.); (H.F.); (M.S.); (T.T.); (Y.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Kento Ohbayashi
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan; (K.O.); (Y.I.)
| | - Yusaku Iwasaki
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan; (K.O.); (Y.I.)
| | - Katsumi Iizuka
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan;
| | - Shoei Okuda
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan; (S.O.); (M.T.)
| | - Mamoru Tanaka
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan; (S.O.); (M.T.)
| | - Tadashi Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (T.F.); (T.T.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Medical Research on Prebiotics and Probiotics, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1101, Japan
- BIOSIS Lab. Co., Ltd., Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Takumi Tochio
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (T.F.); (T.T.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Medical Research on Prebiotics and Probiotics, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1101, Japan
- BIOSIS Lab. Co., Ltd., Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yabe
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kyoto 604-8436, Japan; (D.Y.); (Y.Y.)
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yuuichiro Yamada
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kyoto 604-8436, Japan; (D.Y.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yoshihisa Sugimura
- Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.N.); (S.U.); (S.H.); (N.M.); (Y.A.); (H.F.); (M.S.); (T.T.); (Y.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Yoshiki Hirooka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (T.F.); (T.T.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Medical Research on Prebiotics and Probiotics, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1101, Japan
- BIOSIS Lab. Co., Ltd., Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hayashi
- Department of Endocrinology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan;
- Department of Endocrinology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.N.); (S.U.); (S.H.); (N.M.); (Y.A.); (H.F.); (M.S.); (T.T.); (Y.S.); (A.S.)
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Gusdon AM, Savarraj JPJ, Redell JB, Paz A, Hinds S, Burkett A, Torres G, Ren X, Badjatia N, Hergenroeder GW, Moore AN, Choi HA, Dash PK. Lysophospholipids Are Associated With Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2024; 41:59-72. [PMID: 37551969 PMCID: PMC11071087 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2023.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) accounts for 70-90% of all TBI cases. Lipid metabolites have important roles in plasma membrane biogenesis, function, and cell signaling. As TBI can compromise plasma membrane integrity and alter brain cell function, we sought to identify circulating phospholipid alterations after mTBI, and determine if these changes were associated with clinical outcomes. Patients with mTBI (Glasgow Coma Score [GCS] ≥13 and loss of consciousness <30 min) were recruited. A total of 84 mTBI subjects were enrolled after admission to a level I trauma center, with the majority having evidence of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage on brain computed tomography (CT). Plasma samples were collected within 24 h of injury with 32 mTBI subjects returning at 3 months after injury for a second plasma sample to be collected. Thirty-five healthy volunteers were enrolled as controls and had a one-time blood draw. Lipid metabolomics was performed on plasma samples from each subject. Fold change of selected lipid metabolites was determined. Multivariable regression models were created to test associations between lipid metabolites and discharge and 6-month Glasgow Outcomes Scale-Extended (GOSE) outcomes (dichotomized between "good" [GOSE ≥7] and "bad" [GOSE ≤6] functional outcomes). Plasma levels of 31 lipid metabolites were significantly associated with discharge GOSE using univariate models; three of these metabolites were significantly increased, while 14 were significantly decreased in subjects with good outcomes compared with subjects with poor outcomes. In multivariable logistic regression models, higher circulating levels of the lysophospholipids (LPL) 1-linoleoyl-glycerophosphocholine (GPC) (18:2), 1-linoleoyl-GPE (18:2), and 1-linolenoyl-GPC (18:3) were associated with both good discharge GOSE (odds ratio [OR] 12.2 [95% CI 3.35, 58.3], p = 5.23 × 10-4; OR 9.43 [95% CI 2.87, 39.6], p = 7.26 × 10-4; and OR 5.26 [95% CI 1.99, 16.7], p = 2.04 × 10-3, respectively) and 6-month (OR 4.67 [95% CI 1.49, 17.7], p = 0.013; OR 2.93 [95% CI 1.11, 8.87], p = 0.039; and OR 2.57 [95% CI 1.08, 7.11], p = 0.046, respectively). Compared with healthy volunteers, circulating levels of these three LPLs were decreased early after injury and had normalized by 3 months after injury. Logistic regression models to predict functional outcomes were created by adding each of the described three LPLs to a baseline model that included age and sex. Including 1-linoleoyl-GPC (18:2) (8.20% improvement, p = 0.009), 1-linoleoyl-GPE (18:2) (8.85% improvement, p = 0.021), or 1-linolenoyl-GPC (18:3) (7.68% improvement, p = 0.012), significantly improved the area under the curve (AUC) for predicting discharge outcomes compared with the baseline model. Models including 1-linoleoyl-GPC (18:2) significantly improved AUC for predicting 6-month outcomes (9.35% improvement, p = 0.034). Models including principal components derived from 25 LPLs significantly improved AUC for prediction of 6-month outcomes (16.0% improvement, p = 0.020). Our results demonstrate that higher plasma levels of LPLs (1-linoleoyl-GPC, 1-linoleoyl-GPE, and 1-linolenoyl-GPC) after mTBI are associated with better functional outcomes at discharge and 6 months after injury. This class of phospholipids may represent a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Gusdon
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jude PJ Savarraj
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John B. Redell
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Atzhiry Paz
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sarah Hinds
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Angela Burkett
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Glenda Torres
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xuefang Ren
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Neeraj Badjatia
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Georgene W. Hergenroeder
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anthony N. Moore
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - H. Alex Choi
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pramod K. Dash
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Zhao C, Li J, Liu M, Chen L, Zhu Y, Gao W, Du X, Song Y, Liu G, Lei L, Li X. Inhibition of cluster antigen 36 protects against fatty acid-induced lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation in bovine hepatocytes. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:9186-9199. [PMID: 37641277 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
When ketosis occurs, supraphysiological concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) display lipotoxicity and are closely related to the occurrence of hepatic lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation, resulting in hepatic damage and exacerbating the progression of ketosis. However, the mechanism of these lipotoxic effects caused by high concentrations of NEFA in ketosis is still unclear. Cluster antigen 36 (CD36), a fatty acid transporter, plays a vital role in the development of hepatic pathological injury in nonruminants. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether CD36 plays a role in NEFA-induced hepatic lipotoxicity in dairy cows with clinical ketosis. Liver tissue and blood samples were collected from healthy (n = 10) and clinically ketotic (n = 10) cows at 3 to 15 d in milk. In addition, hepatocytes isolated from healthy calves were treated with 0, 0.6, 1.2, or 2.4 mM NEFA for 12 h; or infected with CD36 expressing adenovirus or CD36 silencing small interfering RNA for 48 h and then treated with 1.2 mM NEFA for 12 h. Compared with healthy cows, clinically ketotic cows had greater concentrations of serum NEFA and β-hydroxybutyrate and activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase but lower serum glucose. In addition, dairy cows with clinical ketosis displayed excessive hepatic lipid accumulation. More importantly, these alterations were accompanied by an increased abundance of hepatic CD36. In the cell culture model, exogenous NEFA (0, 0.6, 1.2, or 2.4 mM) treatment could dose-dependently increase the abundance of CD36. Meanwhile, NEFA (1.2 mM) increased the content of triacylglycerol, reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, and decreased the activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Moreover, NEFA upregulated phosphorylation levels of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and the inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) α, along with the upregulation of protein abundance of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and caspase-1, and mRNA abundance of IL1B, IL6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFA). These alterations induced by NEFA in bovine hepatocytes were associated with increased lipid accumulation, oxidative stress and inflammation, which could be further aggravated by CD36 overexpression. Conversely, silencing CD36 attenuated these NEFA-induced detriments. Overall, these data suggest that CD36 may be a potential therapeutic target for NEFA-induced hepatic lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jinxia Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Menglin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Linfang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yiwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Wenwen Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xiliang Du
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yuxiang Song
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Guowen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Lin Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Xinwei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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Silvestri A, Gil-Gomez A, Vitale M, Braga D, Demitri C, Brescia P, Madaghiele M, Spadoni I, Jones B, Fornasa G, Mouries J, Carloni S, Lizier M, Romero-Gomez M, Penna G, Sannino A, Rescigno M. Biomimetic superabsorbent hydrogel acts as a gut protective dynamic exoskeleton improving metabolic parameters and expanding A. muciniphila. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101235. [PMID: 37852177 PMCID: PMC10591066 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The rising prevalence of obesity and metabolic disorders worldwide highlights the urgent need to find new long-term and clinically meaningful weight-loss therapies. Here, we evaluate the therapeutic potential and the mechanism of action of a biomimetic cellulose-based oral superabsorbent hydrogel (OSH). Treatment with OSH exerts effects on intestinal tissue and gut microbiota composition, functioning like a protective dynamic exoskeleton. It protects from gut barrier permeability disruption and induces rapid and consistent changes in the gut microbiota composition, specifically fostering Akkermansia muciniphila expansion. The mechanobiological, physical, and chemical structures of the gel are required for A. muciniphila growth. OSH treatment induces weight loss and reduces fat accumulation, in both preventative and therapeutic settings. OSH usage also prevents liver steatosis, immune infiltration, and fibrosis, limiting the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Our work shows the potential of using OSH as a non-systemic mechanobiological approach to treat metabolic syndrome and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Gil-Gomez
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Milena Vitale
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Braga
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Demitri
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; Gelesis, 73021 Calimera, Lecce, Italy
| | - Paola Brescia
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Madaghiele
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; Gelesis, 73021 Calimera, Lecce, Italy
| | - Ilaria Spadoni
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Fornasa
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Juliette Mouries
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Carloni
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Lizier
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuel Romero-Gomez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Penna
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sannino
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; Gelesis, Boston, MA 02116, USA
| | - Maria Rescigno
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.
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5
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Makki BE, Rahman S. Alzheimer's Disease in Diabetic Patients: A Lipidomic Prospect. Neuroscience 2023; 530:79-94. [PMID: 37652288 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been two of the most common chronic diseases affecting people worldwide. Type 2 DM (T2DM) is a metabolic disease depicted by insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and chronic hyperglycemia while AD is a neurodegenerative disease marked by Amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation, neurofibrillary tangles aggregation, and tau phosphorylation. Various clinical, epidemiological, and lipidomics studies have linked those diseases claiming shared pathological pathways raising the assumption that diabetic patients are at an increased risk of developing AD later in their lives. Insulin resistance is the tipping point beyond where advanced glycation end (AGE) products and free radicals are produced leading to oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Additionally, different types of lipids are playing a crucial role in the development and the relationship between those diseases. Lipidomics, an analysis of lipid structure, formation, and interactions, evidently exhibits these lipid changes and their direct and indirect effect on Aβ synthesis, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. In this review, we have discussed the pathophysiology of T2DM and AD, the interconnecting pathological pathways they share, and the lipidomics where different lipids such as cholesterol, phospholipids, sphingolipids, and sulfolipids contribute to the underlying features of both diseases. Understanding their role can be beneficial for diagnostic purposes or introducing new drugs to counter AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Rahman
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Chen Y, Du X, Kuppa A, Feitosa MF, Bielak LF, O'Connell JR, Musani SK, Guo X, Kahali B, Chen VL, Smith AV, Ryan KA, Eirksdottir G, Allison MA, Bowden DW, Budoff MJ, Carr JJ, Chen YDI, Taylor KD, Oliveri A, Correa A, Crudup BF, Kardia SLR, Mosley TH, Norris JM, Terry JG, Rotter JI, Wagenknecht LE, Halligan BD, Young KA, Hokanson JE, Washko GR, Gudnason V, Province MA, Peyser PA, Palmer ND, Speliotes EK. Genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies 17 loci associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nat Genet 2023; 55:1640-1650. [PMID: 37709864 PMCID: PMC10918428 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is common and partially heritable and has no effective treatments. We carried out a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of imaging (n = 66,814) and diagnostic code (3,584 cases versus 621,081 controls) measured NAFLD across diverse ancestries. We identified NAFLD-associated variants at torsin family 1 member B (TOR1B), fat mass and obesity associated (FTO), cordon-bleu WH2 repeat protein like 1 (COBLL1)/growth factor receptor-bound protein 14 (GRB14), insulin receptor (INSR), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1) and patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 (PNPLA2), as well as validated NAFLD-associated variants at patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3), transmembrane 6 superfamily 2 (TM6SF2), apolipoprotein E (APOE), glucokinase regulator (GCKR), tribbles homolog 1 (TRIB1), glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAM), mitochondrial amidoxime-reducing component 1 (MARC1), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein large subunit (MTTP), alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B), transmembrane channel like 4 (TMC4)/membrane-bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 7 (MBOAT7) and receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase δ (PTPRD). Implicated genes highlight mitochondrial, cholesterol and de novo lipogenesis as causally contributing to NAFLD predisposition. Phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) analyses suggest at least seven subtypes of NAFLD. Individuals in the top 10% and 1% of genetic risk have a 2.5-fold to 6-fold increased risk of NAFLD, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. These genetic variants identify subtypes of NAFLD, improve estimates of disease risk and can guide the development of targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Du
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Annapurna Kuppa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jeffrey R O'Connell
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland - Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Solomon K Musani
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Bratati Kahali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Vincent L Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Albert V Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kathleen A Ryan
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland - Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Matthew A Allison
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - John Jeffrey Carr
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yii-Der I Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Antonino Oliveri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Breland F Crudup
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Jill M Norris
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - James G Terry
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Lynne E Wagenknecht
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Brian D Halligan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kendra A Young
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - John E Hokanson
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - George R Washko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicholette D Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Speliotes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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7
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Shen P, Bai ZJ, Zhou L, Wang NN, Ni ZX, Sun DZ, Huang CS, Hu YY, Xiao CR, Zhou W, Zhang BL, Gao Y. A Scd1-mediated metabolic alteration participates in liver responses to low-dose bavachin. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:806-816. [PMID: 37577386 PMCID: PMC10422113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatotoxicity induced by bioactive constituents in traditional Chinese medicines or herbs, such as bavachin (BV) in Fructus Psoraleae, has a prolonged latency to overt drug-induced liver injury in the clinic. Several studies have described BV-induced liver damage and underlying toxicity mechanisms, but little attention has been paid to the deciphering of organisms or cellular responses to BV at no-observed-adverse-effect level, and the underlying molecular mechanisms and specific indicators are also lacking during the asymptomatic phase, making it much harder for early recognition of hepatotoxicity. Here, we treated mice with BV for 7 days and did not detect any abnormalities in biochemical tests, but found subtle steatosis in BV-treated hepatocytes. We then profiled the gene expression of hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells at single-cell resolution and discovered three types of hepatocyte subsets in the BV-treated liver. Among these, the hepa3 subtype suffered from a vast alteration in lipid metabolism, which was characterized by enhanced expression of apolipoproteins, carboxylesterases, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (Scd1). In particular, increased Scd1 promoted monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) synthesis and was considered to be related to BV-induced steatosis and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) generation, which participates in the initiation of ferroptosis. Additionally, we demonstrated that multiple intrinsic transcription factors, including Srebf1 and Hnf4a, and extrinsic signals from niche cells may regulate the above-mentioned molecular events in BV-treated hepatocytes. Collectively, our study deciphered the features of hepatocytes in response to BV insult, decoded the underlying molecular mechanisms, and suggested that Scd1 could be a hub molecule for the prediction of hepatotoxicity at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Bai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Ning-Ning Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zhe-Xin Ni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - De-Zhi Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Cong-Shu Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yang-Yi Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Cheng-Rong Xiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Bo-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
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8
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He W, Cai W, Yang X, Camilleri G, Zheng X, Wang Q, Li Y, Mukherjee R, Huang W, Sutton R. Insulin or blood purification treatment for hypertriglyceridaemia-associated acute pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pancreatology 2022; 22:846-857. [PMID: 35981949 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Hypertriglyceridaemia increases risks from acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP) over other aetiologies, but optimal management for HTG-AP remains undefined. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of insulin-based treatment (IT) versus blood purification treatment (BPT) for HTG-AP. METHODS Searches were conducted to identify randomised trials and observational studies published between 1946 and 2022 that compared IT and BPT for HTG-AP reporting baseline and post-treatment serum triglyceride (TG) levels with clinical outcomes. The primary outcome was serum TG reduction (Δ-TG) from baseline while secondary outcomes included complications, length of stay, adverse events, and cost. RESULTS Fifteen (1 randomised, 2 prospective case-controlled, and 12 retrospective cohort) studies were analysed comprising 909 cases with HTG-AP. Pooled results demonstrated IT was significantly less efficient than BPT in Δ-TG at 24 h (WMD -666.06, 95% CI -1130.18 to -201.94, P = 0.005; 12 studies), at 48 h (WMD -672.60, 95% CI -1233.44 to -111.77; 8 studies), and overall Δ-TG by day 7 (WMD -385.81, 95% CI -711.07 to -60.54; 8 studies) (both P = 0.02). IT, however, was associated with significantly fewer adverse events (OR 0.09, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.27, P < 0.0001; 7 studies) and significantly reduced cost (WMD -2.50, 95% CI -3.61 to -1.39, P < 0.00001; 3 studies). Other secondary outcomes were not significantly different between the two regimens (all P ≥ 0.11). In subgroup analysis Δ-TG at 24 h and overall Δ-TG became insignificant, while other results were unaffected. CONCLUSION Our findings support the general use of IT for inpatient management of HTG-AP, restricting BPT to those predicted or found to respond poorly to IT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua He
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Liverpool Pancreatitis Research Group, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool and Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Wenhao Cai
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Research Group, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool and Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK; West China Centre of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinmin Yang
- West China Centre of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Georgette Camilleri
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Research Group, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool and Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Xi Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiqi Wang
- West China Centre of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuying Li
- West China Centre of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rajarshi Mukherjee
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Research Group, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool and Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Wei Huang
- West China Centre of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; West China Biobanks and Department of Clinical Research Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Robert Sutton
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Research Group, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool and Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.
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9
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Fasciolo G, Napolitano G, Aprile M, Cataldi S, Costa V, Ciccodicola A, Di Meo S, Venditti P. Hepatic Insulin Resistance in Hyperthyroid Rat Liver: Vitamin E Supplementation Highlights a Possible Role of ROS. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071295. [PMID: 35883786 PMCID: PMC9311543 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are normally involved in glycaemic control, but their excess can lead to altered glucose metabolism and insulin resistance (IR). Since hyperthyroidism-linked increase in ROS results in tissue oxidative stress that is considered a hallmark of conditions leading to IR, it is conceivable a role of ROS in the onset of IR in hyperthyroidism. To verify this hypothesis, we evaluated the effects of vitamin E on thyroid hormone-induced oxidative damage, insulin resistance, and on gene expression of key molecules involved in IR in the rat liver. The factors involved in oxidative damage, namely the total content of ROS, the mitochondrial production of ROS, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the in vitro susceptibility to oxidative stress, have been correlated to insulin resistance indices, such as insulin activation of hepatic Akt and plasma level of glucose, insulin and HOMA index. Our results indicate that increased levels of oxidative damage ROS content and production and susceptibility to oxidative damage, parallel increased fasting plasma level of glucose and insulin, reduced activation of Akt and increased activation of JNK. This last result suggests a role for JNK in the insulin resistance induced by hyperthyroidism. Furthermore, the variation of the genes Pparg, Ppara, Cd36 and Slc2a2 could explain, at least in part, the observed metabolic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Fasciolo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.F.); (S.D.M.)
| | - Gaetana Napolitano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, Centro Direzionale, Isola C4, 80143 Naples, Italy; (G.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Marianna Aprile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics Adriano Buzzati Traverso, National Research Council, Pietro Castellino Street 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.A.); (S.C.); (V.C.)
| | - Simona Cataldi
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics Adriano Buzzati Traverso, National Research Council, Pietro Castellino Street 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.A.); (S.C.); (V.C.)
| | - Valerio Costa
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics Adriano Buzzati Traverso, National Research Council, Pietro Castellino Street 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.A.); (S.C.); (V.C.)
| | - Alfredo Ciccodicola
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, Centro Direzionale, Isola C4, 80143 Naples, Italy; (G.N.); (A.C.)
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics Adriano Buzzati Traverso, National Research Council, Pietro Castellino Street 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.A.); (S.C.); (V.C.)
| | - Sergio Di Meo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.F.); (S.D.M.)
| | - Paola Venditti
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.F.); (S.D.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-2535080
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10
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Lee S, Usman TO, Yamauchi J, Chhetri G, Wang X, Coudriet GM, Zhu C, Gao J, McConnell R, Krantz K, Rajasundaram D, Singh S, Piganelli J, Ostrowska A, Soto-Gutierrez A, Monga SP, Singhi AD, Muzumdar RH, Tsung A, Dong HH. Myeloid FoxO1 depletion attenuates hepatic inflammation and prevents nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:154333. [PMID: 35700043 PMCID: PMC9282937 DOI: 10.1172/jci154333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic inflammation is culpable for the evolution of asymptomatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Hepatic inflammation results from abnormal macrophage activation. We found that FoxO1 links overnutrition to hepatic inflammation by regulating macrophage polarization and activation. FoxO1 was upregulated in hepatic macrophages, correlating with hepatic inflammation, steatosis and fibrosis in mice and patients with NASH. Myeloid cell-conditional FoxO1 knockout skewed macrophage polarization from pro-inflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes, accompanied by the reduction of macrophage infiltration in liver. These effects mitigated overnutrition-induced hepatic inflammation and insulin resistance, contributing to improved hepatic metabolism and increased energy expenditure in myeloid cell FoxO1 knockout mice on HFD. When fed a NASH-inducing diet, myeloid cell FoxO1 knockout mice were protected from developing NASH, culminating in the reduction of hepatic inflammation, steatosis and fibrosis. Mechanistically, FoxO1 counteracts Stat6 to skew macrophage polarization from M2 toward M1 signatures to perpetuate hepatic inflammation in NASH. FoxO1 appears as a pivotal mediator of macrophage activation in response to overnutrition and a therapeutic target for ameliorating hepatic inflammation to stem the disease progression from benign steatosis to NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojin Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Taofeek O Usman
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Jun Yamauchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Goma Chhetri
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Xingchun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Gina M Coudriet
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Cuiling Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Jingyang Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Riley McConnell
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Kyler Krantz
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Dhivyaa Rajasundaram
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Sucha Singh
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Jon Piganelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Alina Ostrowska
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Alejandro Soto-Gutierrez
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Satdarshan P Monga
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Aatur D Singhi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Radhika H Muzumdar
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, United States of America
| | - H Henry Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States of America
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11
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NAFLD: Mechanisms, Treatments, and Biomarkers. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060824. [PMID: 35740949 PMCID: PMC9221336 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently renamed metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is one of the most common causes of liver diseases worldwide. NAFLD is growing in parallel with the obesity epidemic. No pharmacological treatment is available to treat NAFLD, specifically. The reason might be that NAFLD is a multi-factorial disease with an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms involved, an absence of accurate and inexpensive imaging tools, and lack of adequate non-invasive biomarkers. NAFLD consists of the accumulation of excess lipids in the liver, causing lipotoxicity that might progress to metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (NASH), liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The mechanisms for the pathogenesis of NAFLD, current interventions in the management of the disease, and the role of sirtuins as potential targets for treatment are discussed here. In addition, the current diagnostic tools, and the role of non-coding RNAs as emerging diagnostic biomarkers are summarized. The availability of non-invasive biomarkers, and accurate and inexpensive non-invasive diagnosis tools are crucial in the detection of the early signs in the progression of NAFLD. This will expedite clinical trials and the validation of the emerging therapeutic treatments.
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12
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Bai M, Chen M, Zeng Q, Lu S, Li P, Ma Z, Lin N, Zheng C, Zhou H, Zeng S, Sun D, Jiang H. Up‐regulation of hepatic CD36 by increased corticosterone/cortisol levels via GR leads to lipid accumulation in liver and hypertriglyceridaemia during pregnancy. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:4440-4456. [PMID: 35491243 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Bai
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Mingyang Chen
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Qingquan Zeng
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Shuanghui Lu
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Nengming Lin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Caihong Zheng
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Su Zeng
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Dongli Sun
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Huidi Jiang
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
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13
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Tanataweethum N, Trang A, Lee C, Mehta J, Patel N, Cohen RN, Bhushan A. Investigation of insulin resistance through a multiorgan microfluidic organ-on-chip. Biomed Mater 2021; 17. [PMID: 34942604 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac4611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of hepatic insulin resistance (IR) is a critical factor in developing type 2 diabetes (T2D), where insulin fails to inhibit hepatic glucose production but retains its capacity to promote hepatic lipogenesis. Improving insulin sensitivity can be effective in preventing and treating T2D. However, selective control of glucose and lipid synthesis has been difficult. It is known that excess white adipose tissue is detrimental to insulin sensitivity, whereas brown adipose tissue transplantation can restore it in diabetic mice. However, challenges remain in our understanding of liver-adipose communication because the confounding effects of hypothalamic regulation of metabolic function cannot be ruled out in previous studies. There is a lack of in vitro models that use primary cells to study cellular-crosstalk under insulin resistant conditions. Building upon our previous work on the microfluidic primary liver and adipose organ-on-chips, we report for the first time the development of integrated insulin resistant liver-adipose (white and brown) organ-on-chip. The design of the microfluidic device was carried out using computational fluid dynamics; the experimental studies were conducted by carrying out detailed biochemical analysis RNA-seq analysis on both cell types. Further, we tested the hypothesis that brown adipocytes regulated both hepatic insulin sensitivity and lipogenesis. Our results show effective co-modulation of hepatic glucose and lipid synthesis through a platform for identifying potential therapeutics for IR and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Tanataweethum
- Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Dept of Biomedical Engineering, 3255 South dearborn street, Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60616-3717, UNITED STATES
| | - Allyson Trang
- Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Dept of Biomedical Engineering, 3255 South Dearborn Street Wishnick Hall, Suite 314, Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60616-3717, UNITED STATES
| | - Chaeeun Lee
- Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Dept of Biomedical Engineering, 3255 South Dearborn Street Wishnick Hall, Suite 314, Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60616-3717, UNITED STATES
| | - Jhalak Mehta
- Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Dept of Biomedical Engineering, 3255 South dearborn street, Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60616-3717, UNITED STATES
| | - Neha Patel
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Dept of Biomedical Engineering, 3255 South dearborn street, Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60616-3717, UNITED STATES
| | - Ronald N Cohen
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 1027, Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637-1476, UNITED STATES
| | - Abhinav Bhushan
- Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3255 S Dearborn St, Wishnick 314, Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60616-3717, UNITED STATES
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14
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Hu J, Ying H, Yao J, Yang L, Jin W, Ma H, Li L, Zhao Y. Micronized Palmitoylethanolamide Ameliorates Methionine- and Choline-Deficient Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis via Inhibiting Inflammation and Restoring Autophagy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:744483. [PMID: 34712137 PMCID: PMC8546106 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.744483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has become one of the serious causes of chronic liver diseases, characterized by hepatic steatosis, hepatocellular injury, inflammation and fibrosis, and lack of efficient therapeutic agents. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an endogenous bioactive lipid with various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and neuroprotective effects. However, the effect of PEA on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is still unknown. Our study aims to explore the potential protective role of PEA on NASH and to reveal the underlying mechanism. In this study, the C57BL/6 mice were used to establish the NASH model through methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet feeding. Here, we found that PEA treatment significantly improved liver function, alleviated hepatic pathological changes, and attenuated the lipid accumulation and hepatic fibrosis in NASH mice induced by MCD diet feeding. Mechanistically, the anti-steatosis effect of PEA may be due to the suppressed expression of ACC1 and CD36, elevated expression of PPAR-α, and the phosphorylation levels of AMPK. In addition, hepatic oxidative stress was greatly inhibited in MCD-fed mice treated with PEA via enhancing the expression and activities of antioxidant enzymes, including GSH-px and SOD. Moreover, PEA exerted a clear anti-inflammatory effect though ameliorating the expression of inflammatory mediators and suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway activation. Furthermore, the impaired autophagy in MCD-induced mice was reactivated with PEA treatment. Taken together, our research suggested that PEA protects against NASH through the inhibition of inflammation and restoration of autophagy. Thus, PEA may represent an efficient therapeutic agent to treat NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaji Hu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hanglu Ying
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jie Yao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Longhe Yang
- Technology Innovation Center for Exploitation of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Wenhui Jin
- Technology Innovation Center for Exploitation of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Huabin Ma
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Long Li
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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15
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Quesada-Vázquez S, Colom-Pellicer M, Navarro-Masip È, Aragonès G, Del Bas JM, Caimari A, Escoté X. Supplementation with a Specific Combination of Metabolic Cofactors Ameliorates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Hepatic Fibrosis, and Insulin Resistance in Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:3532. [PMID: 34684533 PMCID: PMC8541294 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have emerged as the leading causes of chronic liver disease in the world. Obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia are multifactorial risk factors strongly associated with NAFLD/NASH. Here, a specific combination of metabolic cofactors (a multi-ingredient; MI) containing precursors of glutathione (GSH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) (betaine, N-acetyl-cysteine, L-carnitine and nicotinamide riboside) was evaluated as effective treatment for the NAFLD/NASH pathophysiology. Six-week-old male mice were randomly divided into control diet animals and animals exposed to a high fat and high fructose/sucrose diet to induce NAFLD. After 16 weeks, diet-induced NAFLD mice were distributed into two groups, treated with the vehicle (HFHFr group) or with a combination of metabolic cofactors (MI group) for 4 additional weeks, and blood and liver were obtained from all animals for biochemical, histological, and molecular analysis. The MI treatment reduced liver steatosis, decreasing liver weight and hepatic lipid content, and liver injury, as evidenced by a pronounced decrease in serum levels of liver transaminases. Moreover, animals supplemented with the MI cocktail showed a reduction in the gene expression of some proinflammatory cytokines when compared with their HFHFr counterparts. In addition, MI supplementation was effective in decreasing hepatic fibrosis and improving insulin sensitivity, as observed by histological analysis, as well as a reduction in fibrotic gene expression (Col1α1) and improved Akt activation, respectively. Taken together, supplementation with this specific combination of metabolic cofactors ameliorates several features of NAFLD, highlighting this treatment as a potential efficient therapy against this disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Quesada-Vázquez
- Eurecat, Technology Centre of Catalunya, Nutrition and Health Unit, 43204 Reus, Spain; (S.Q.-V.); (J.M.D.B.)
| | - Marina Colom-Pellicer
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (M.C.-P.); (È.N.-M.); (G.A.)
| | - Èlia Navarro-Masip
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (M.C.-P.); (È.N.-M.); (G.A.)
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (M.C.-P.); (È.N.-M.); (G.A.)
| | - Josep M. Del Bas
- Eurecat, Technology Centre of Catalunya, Nutrition and Health Unit, 43204 Reus, Spain; (S.Q.-V.); (J.M.D.B.)
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Biotechnology Area, 43204 Reus, Spain;
| | - Xavier Escoté
- Eurecat, Technology Centre of Catalunya, Nutrition and Health Unit, 43204 Reus, Spain; (S.Q.-V.); (J.M.D.B.)
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16
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Smolka C, Schlösser D, Hohnloser C, Bemtgen X, Jänich C, Schneider L, Martin J, Pfeifer D, Moser M, Hasselblatt P, Bode C, Grundmann S, Pankratz F. MiR-100 overexpression attenuates high fat diet induced weight gain, liver steatosis, hypertriglyceridemia and development of metabolic syndrome in mice. Mol Med 2021; 27:101. [PMID: 34488621 PMCID: PMC8422764 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00364-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet-induced obesity can result in the development of a diverse spectrum of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic liver steatosis and atherosclerotic disease. MicroRNAs have been described to be important regulators of metabolism and disease development. METHODS In the current study, we investigated the effects of ubiquitous miR-100 overexpression on weight gain and the metabolic phenotype in a newly generated transgenic mouse strain under normal chow and high fat diet and used microarray expression analysis to identify new potential target genes of miR-100. RESULTS While transgenic overexpression of miR-100 did not significantly affect weight and metabolism under a normal diet, miR-100 overexpressing mice showed a reduced weight gain under a high fat diet compared to wildtype mice, despite an equal calorie intake. This was accompanied by less visceral and subcutaneous fat development and lover serum LDL cholesterol. In addition, transgenic miR-100 mice were more glucose tolerant and insulin sensitive and demonstrated increased energy expenditure under high fat diet feeding. A comprehensive gene expression profiling revealed the differential expression of several genes involved in lipid storage- and metabolism, among them CD36 and Cyp4A14. Our data showed a direct regulation of CD36 by miR-100, leading to a reduced fatty acid uptake in primary hepatocytes overexpressing miR-100 and the downregulation of several downstream mediators of lipid metabolism such as ACC1, FABP4, FAS and PPARγ in the liver. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate a protective role of miR-100 in high fat diet induced metabolic syndrome and liver steatosis, partially mediated by the direct repression of CD36 and attenuation of hepatic lipid storage, implicating miR-100 as a possible therapeutic target in liver steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Smolka
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Delia Schlösser
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Catherine Hohnloser
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Xavier Bemtgen
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Caterina Jänich
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura Schneider
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julien Martin
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Pfeifer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Moser
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hasselblatt
- Department of Medicine II, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Infectious Diseases, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Bode
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Grundmann
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Pankratz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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17
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Mohan S, George G, Raghu K. Vanillic acid retains redox status in HepG2 cells during hyperinsulinemic shock using the mitochondrial pathway. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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18
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Borges DO, Patarrão RS, Ribeiro RT, de Oliveira RM, Duarte N, Belew GD, Martins M, Andrade R, Costa J, Correia I, Boavida JM, Duarte R, Gardete-Correia L, Medina JL, Raposo JF, Jones JG, Penha-Gonçalves C, Macedo MP. Loss of postprandial insulin clearance control by Insulin-degrading enzyme drives dysmetabolism traits. Metabolism 2021; 118:154735. [PMID: 33631143 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Systemic insulin availability is determined by a balance between beta-cell secretion capacity and insulin clearance (IC). Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is involved in the intracellular mechanisms underlying IC. The liver is a major player in IC control yet the role of hepatic IDE in glucose and lipid homeostasis remains unexplored. We hypothesized that IDE governs postprandial IC and hepatic IDE dysfunction amplifies dysmetabolic responses and prediabetes traits such as hepatic steatosis. In a European/Portuguese population-based cohort, IDE SNPs were strongly associated with postprandial IC in normoglycemic men but to a considerably lesser extent in women or in subjects with prediabetes. Liver-specific knockout-mice (LS-IDE KO) under normal chow diet (NCD), showed reduced postprandial IC with glucose intolerance and under high fat diet (HFD) were more susceptible to hepatic steatosis than control mice. This suggests that regulation of IC by IDE contributes to liver metabolic resilience. In agreement, LS-IDE KO hepatocytes revealed reduction of Glut2 expression levels with consequent impairment of glucose uptake and upregulation of CD36, a major hepatic free fatty acid transporter. Together these findings provide strong evidence that dysfunctional IC due to abnormal IDE regulation directly impairs postprandial hepatic glucose disposal and increases susceptibility to dysmetabolic conditions in the setting of Western diet/lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego O Borges
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School-FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Molecular Biosciences PhD Program, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier - ITQB NOVA, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rita S Patarrão
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School-FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rogério T Ribeiro
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Diabetologia, Lisboa, Portugal; APDP-Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisboa, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências Médicas, Instituto de Biomedicina - iBiMED, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita Machado de Oliveira
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School-FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nádia Duarte
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | | | - Rita Andrade
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Diabetologia, Lisboa, Portugal; APDP-Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Costa
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Isabel Correia
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Diabetologia, Lisboa, Portugal; APDP-Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José Manuel Boavida
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Diabetologia, Lisboa, Portugal; APDP-Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui Duarte
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Diabetologia, Lisboa, Portugal; APDP-Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Gardete-Correia
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Diabetologia, Lisboa, Portugal; APDP-Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - João F Raposo
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School-FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Sociedade Portuguesa de Diabetologia, Lisboa, Portugal; APDP-Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - John G Jones
- APDP-Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisboa, Portugal; Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Penha-Gonçalves
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal; APDP-Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Paula Macedo
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School-FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Sociedade Portuguesa de Diabetologia, Lisboa, Portugal; APDP-Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisboa, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências Médicas, Instituto de Biomedicina - iBiMED, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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19
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Filali-Mouncef Y, Hunter C, Roccio F, Zagkou S, Dupont N, Primard C, Proikas-Cezanne T, Reggiori F. The ménage à trois of autophagy, lipid droplets and liver disease. Autophagy 2021; 18:50-72. [PMID: 33794741 PMCID: PMC8865253 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1895658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagic pathways cross with lipid homeostasis and thus provide energy and essential building blocks that are indispensable for liver functions. Energy deficiencies are compensated by breaking down lipid droplets (LDs), intracellular organelles that store neutral lipids, in part by a selective type of autophagy, referred to as lipophagy. The process of lipophagy does not appear to be properly regulated in fatty liver diseases (FLDs), an important risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). Here we provide an overview on our current knowledge of the biogenesis and functions of LDs, and the mechanisms underlying their lysosomal turnover by autophagic processes. This review also focuses on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a specific type of FLD characterized by steatosis, chronic inflammation and cell death. Particular attention is paid to the role of macroautophagy and macrolipophagy in relation to the parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells of the liver in NASH, as this disease has been associated with inappropriate lipophagy in various cell types of the liver.Abbreviations: ACAT: acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase; ACAC/ACC: acetyl-CoA carboxylase; AKT: AKT serine/threonine kinase; ATG: autophagy related; AUP1: AUP1 lipid droplet regulating VLDL assembly factor; BECN1/Vps30/Atg6: beclin 1; BSCL2/seipin: BSCL2 lipid droplet biogenesis associated, seipin; CMA: chaperone-mediated autophagy; CREB1/CREB: cAMP responsive element binding protein 1; CXCR3: C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3; DAGs: diacylglycerols; DAMPs: danger/damage-associated molecular patterns; DEN: diethylnitrosamine; DGAT: diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase; DNL: de novo lipogenesis; EHBP1/NACSIN (EH domain binding protein 1); EHD2/PAST2: EH domain containing 2; CoA: coenzyme A; CCL/chemokines: chemokine ligands; CCl4: carbon tetrachloride; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ESCRT: endosomal sorting complexes required for transport; FA: fatty acid; FFAs: free fatty acids; FFC: high saturated fats, fructose and cholesterol; FGF21: fibroblast growth factor 21; FITM/FIT: fat storage inducing transmembrane protein; FLD: fatty liver diseases; FOXO: forkhead box O; GABARAP: GABA type A receptor-associated protein; GPAT: glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; HDAC6: histone deacetylase 6; HECT: homologous to E6-AP C-terminus; HFCD: high fat, choline deficient; HFD: high-fat diet; HSCs: hepatic stellate cells; HSPA8/HSC70: heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8; ITCH/AIP4: itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; KCs: Kupffer cells; LAMP2A: lysosomal associated membrane protein 2A; LDs: lipid droplets; LDL: low density lipoprotein; LEP/OB: leptin; LEPR/OBR: leptin receptor; LIPA/LAL: lipase A, lysosomal acid type; LIPE/HSL: lipase E, hormone sensitive type; LIR: LC3-interacting region; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; LSECs: liver sinusoidal endothelial cells; MAGs: monoacylglycerols; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MAP3K5/ASK1: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MCD: methionine-choline deficient; MGLL/MGL: monoglyceride lipase; MLXIPL/ChREBP: MLX interacting protein like; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NAS: NAFLD activity score; NASH: nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; NPC: NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter; NR1H3/LXRα: nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 3; NR1H4/FXR: nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4; PDGF: platelet derived growth factor; PIK3C3/VPS34: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PLIN: perilipin; PNPLA: patatin like phospholipase domain containing; PNPLA2/ATGL: patatin like phospholipase domain containing 2; PNPLA3/adiponutrin: patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3; PPAR: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor; PPARA/PPARα: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha; PPARD/PPARδ: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta; PPARG/PPARγ: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma; PPARGC1A/PGC1α: PPARG coactivator 1 alpha; PRKAA/AMPK: protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit; PtdIns3K: class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homolog; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SE: sterol esters; SIRT1: sirtuin 1; SPART/SPG20: spartin; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; SREBF1/SREBP1c: sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1; TAGs: triacylglycerols; TFE3: transcription factor binding to IGHM enhancer 3; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TGFB1/TGFβ: transforming growth factor beta 1; Ub: ubiquitin; UBE2G2/UBC7: ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 G2; ULK1/Atg1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; USF1: upstream transcription factor 1; VLDL: very-low density lipoprotein; VPS: vacuolar protein sorting; WIPI: WD-repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting; WDR: WD repeat domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina Filali-Mouncef
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine Hunter
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School 'From Molecules to Organisms', Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology and Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Federica Roccio
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Stavroula Zagkou
- Adjuvatis, Lyon, France.,Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, CNRS UMR 5305, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
| | - Nicolas Dupont
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Tassula Proikas-Cezanne
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School 'From Molecules to Organisms', Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology and Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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20
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Wu ZE, Fraser K, Kruger MC, Sequeira IR, Yip W, Lu LW, Plank LD, Murphy R, Cooper GJS, Martin JC, Poppitt SD. Metabolomic signatures for visceral adiposity and dysglycaemia in Asian Chinese and Caucasian European adults: the cross-sectional TOFI_Asia study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:95. [PMID: 33292338 PMCID: PMC7667766 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00518-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asian Chinese are more susceptible to deposition of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) development than European Caucasians when matched for gender, age and body mass index (BMI). Our aims were: (i) characterise the ethnicity-specific metabolomic signature of visceral adiposity measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and (ii) identify individuals susceptible to worse metabolic health outcomes. METHODS Fasting plasma samples from normoglycaemic (n = 274) and prediabetic (n = 83) participants were analysed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry using untargeted metabolomics. Multiple linear regression adjusting for age, gender and BMI was performed to identify metabolites associated with FPG and VAT calculated as percentage of total body fat (%VATTBF) in each ethnic group. Metabolic risk groups in each ethnicity were stratified based on the joint metabolomic signature for FPG and %VATTBF and clinically characterised using partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and t-tests. RESULTS FPG was correlated with 40 and 110 metabolites in Caucasians and Chinese respectively, with diglyceride DG(38:5) (adjusted β = 0.29, p = 3.00E-05) in Caucasians and triglyceride TG(54:4) (adjusted β = 0.28, p = 2.02E-07) in Chinese being the most significantly correlated metabolite based on the p-value. %VATTBF was correlated with 85 and 119 metabolites in Caucasians and Chinese respectively, with TG(56:2) (adjusted β = 0.3, p = 8.25E-09) in Caucasians and TG(58:3) (adjusted β = 0.25, p = 2.34E-08) in Chinese being the most significantly correlated. 24 metabolites associated with FPG were common to both ethnicities including glycerolipid species. 67 metabolites associated with %VATTBF were common to both ethnicities including positive correlations with dihydroceramide, sphingomyelin, glycerolipid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethnolamine, and inverse correlations with ether-linked phosphatidylcholine. Participant re-stratification found greater total and central adiposity, worse clinical lipid profiles, higher serum glucoregulatory peptides and liver enzymes in normal fasting glucose (NFG) individuals with a prediabetic metabolomic profile than NFG individuals with a normoglycaemic metabolomic profile in both ethnicities. CONCLUSIONS Untargeted metabolomics identified common and disparate metabolites associated with FPG and %VATTBF, with an ethnic-dimorphic signature for these metabolic traits. These signatures could improve risk stratification and identify NFG individuals with an adverse cardiometabolic and T2D risk profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanxuan E Wu
- Food Nutrition and Health, Food and Bio-Based Products, AgResearch Limited, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.,School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karl Fraser
- Food Nutrition and Health, Food and Bio-Based Products, AgResearch Limited, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand. .,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand. .,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Marlena C Kruger
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Ivana R Sequeira
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand.,Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Wilson Yip
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand.,Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Louise W Lu
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand.,Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Lindsay D Plank
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Rinki Murphy
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Garth J S Cooper
- Department of Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.,Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | | | - Sally D Poppitt
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.,Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.,Department of Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
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21
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Zhou B, Jia L, Zhang Z, Xiang L, Yuan Y, Zheng P, Liu B, Ren X, Bian H, Xie L, Li Y, Lu J, Zhang H, Lu Y. The Nuclear Orphan Receptor NR2F6 Promotes Hepatic Steatosis through Upregulation of Fatty Acid Transporter CD36. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2002273. [PMID: 33173745 PMCID: PMC7610302 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a superfamily of transcription factors which sense hormonal signals or nutrients to regulate various biological events, including development, reproduction, and metabolism. Here, this study identifies nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 6 (NR2F6), as an important regulator of hepatic triglyceride (TG) homeostasis and causal factor in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated overexpression of NR2F6 in the liver promotes TG accumulation in lean mice, while hepatic-specific suppression of NR2F6 improves obesity-associated hepatosteatosis, insulin resistance, and methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Mechanistically, the fatty acid translocase CD36 is identified as a transcriptional target of NR2F6 to mediate its steatotic role. NR2F6 is able to bind directly onto the CD36 promoter region in hepatocytes and increases the enrichment of nuclear receptor coactivator 1 (SRC-1) and histone acetylation at its promoter. Of pathophysiological significance, NR2F6 is significantly upregulated in the livers of obese mice and NAFLD patients. Moreover, treatment with metformin decreases NR2F6 expression in obese mice, resulting in suppression of CD36 and reduced hepatic TG contents. Therefore, these results provide evidence for an unpredicted role of NR2F6 that contributes to liver steatosis and suggest that NR2F6 antagonists may present a therapeutic strategy for reversing or treating NAFLD/NASH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of EducationDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismFudan Institute for Metabolic DiseasesZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai230032P. R. China
| | - Lijing Jia
- Department of EndocrinologyShenzhen People's HospitalThe Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdong518020P. R. China
| | - Zhijian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai201620P. R. China
| | - Liping Xiang
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of EducationDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismFudan Institute for Metabolic DiseasesZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai230032P. R. China
| | - Youwen Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515P. R. China
| | - Peilin Zheng
- Department of EndocrinologyShenzhen People's HospitalThe Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdong518020P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of EducationDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismFudan Institute for Metabolic DiseasesZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai230032P. R. China
| | - Xingxing Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of EducationDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismFudan Institute for Metabolic DiseasesZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai230032P. R. China
| | - Hua Bian
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of EducationDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismFudan Institute for Metabolic DiseasesZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai230032P. R. China
| | - Liwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and ApplicationGuangdong Open Laboratory of Applied MicrobiologyGuangdong Institute of MicrobiologyGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouGuangdong510070P. R. China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Laboratory Animal ScienceShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Jieli Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515P. R. China
| | - Yan Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of EducationDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismFudan Institute for Metabolic DiseasesZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai230032P. R. China
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22
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Understanding lipotoxicity in NAFLD pathogenesis: is CD36 a key driver? Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:802. [PMID: 32978374 PMCID: PMC7519685 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03003-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. NAFLD stages range from simple steatosis (NAFL) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) which can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. One of the crucial events clearly involved in NAFLD progression is the lipotoxicity resulting from an excessive fatty acid (FFA) influx to hepatocytes. Hepatic lipotoxicity occurs when the capacity of the hepatocyte to manage and export FFAs as triglycerides (TGs) is overwhelmed. This review provides succinct insights into the molecular mechanisms responsible for lipotoxicity in NAFLD, including ER and oxidative stress, autophagy, lipoapotosis and inflammation. In addition, we highlight the role of CD36/FAT fatty acid translocase in NAFLD pathogenesis. Up-to-date, it is well known that CD36 increases FFA uptake and, in the liver, it drives hepatosteatosis onset and might contribute to its progression to NASH. Clinical studies have reinforced the significance of CD36 by showing increased content in the liver of NAFLD patients. Interestingly, circulating levels of a soluble form of CD36 (sCD36) are abnormally elevated in NAFLD patients and positively correlate with the histological grade of hepatic steatosis. In fact, the induction of CD36 translocation to the plasma membrane of the hepatocytes may be a determining factor in the physiopathology of hepatic steatosis in NAFLD patients. Given all these data, targeting the fatty acid translocase CD36 or some of its functional regulators may be a promising therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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23
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Puchałowicz K, Rać ME. The Multifunctionality of CD36 in Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications-Update in Pathogenesis, Treatment and Monitoring. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081877. [PMID: 32796572 PMCID: PMC7465275 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CD36 is a multiligand receptor contributing to glucose and lipid metabolism, immune response, inflammation, thrombosis, and fibrosis. A wide range of tissue expression includes cells sensitive to metabolic abnormalities associated with metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus (DM), such as monocytes and macrophages, epithelial cells, adipocytes, hepatocytes, skeletal and cardiac myocytes, pancreatic β-cells, kidney glomeruli and tubules cells, pericytes and pigment epithelium cells of the retina, and Schwann cells. These features make CD36 an important component of the pathogenesis of DM and its complications, but also a promising target in the treatment of these disorders. The detrimental effects of CD36 signaling are mediated by the uptake of fatty acids and modified lipoproteins, deposition of lipids and their lipotoxicity, alterations in insulin response and the utilization of energy substrates, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis leading to the progressive, often irreversible organ dysfunction. This review summarizes the extensive knowledge of the contribution of CD36 to DM and its complications, including nephropathy, retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and cardiomyopathy.
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24
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Reducing endogenous insulin is linked with protection against hepatic steatosis in mice. Nutr Diabetes 2020; 10:11. [PMID: 32286259 PMCID: PMC7156670 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-020-0114-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are closely associated with hepatic steatosis (HS), which if untreated can advance to serious liver conditions. Since insulin promotes hepatic lipogenesis, reducing hyperinsulinemia may help in treating HS. E4orf1 is an adenovirus-derived protein that improves glucose clearance independent of insulin, lowers insulin amount required for glucose disposal, and reduces HS. As a next step, we evaluated the mechanism for E4orf1-induced reduction in HS and tested that E4orf1 does not induce hypoglycemia, an important attribute for its application as a potential anti-diabetic agent. Methods C57Bl/6J mice that transgenically express E4orf1 in adipose tissue (E4orf-Tg) and wild-type (WT) mice received a chow diet for 6 weeks, followed by a high-fat (HF) diet for additional 10 weeks. Body composition, blood glucose, and serum insulin levels upon glucose load were measured at 0, 6, 7, and 16 weeks. Serum free fatty acid (FFA), triglyceride (TG), and hepatic TG were measured at study termination. We compared histology and the mRNA/protein markers of hepatic and adipose tissue lipid metabolism between the two groups of mice. Results On chow diet, both groups remained normoglycemic, but E4orf1 expression reduced insulin response. On HF diet, glycemic control in WT deteriorated, whereas E4orf1 significantly enhanced glycemic control, lowered insulin response, reduced hepatic triglycerides, and serum FFA. Overall, a comparison of hepatic mRNA and/or protein expression suggested that E4orf1 expression significantly decreased de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and intracellular lipid transport and increased fat oxidation and TG export. Adipose tissue mRNA and protein markers suggested that E4orf1 expression lowered DNL and increased lipolysis. Conclusion Considering that E4orf1 is not secreted in circulation, we postulate that reduced endogenous insulin in E4orf1 mice indirectly contributes to reduce HS by altering hepatic lipid metabolism, including lipogenesis. This study underscores the possibility of indirectly impacting HS by manipulating adipose tissue metabolism.
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25
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McPherson KC, Shields CA, Poudel B, Johnson AC, Taylor L, Stubbs C, Nichols A, Cornelius DC, Garrett MR, Williams JM. Altered renal hemodynamics is associated with glomerular lipid accumulation in obese Dahl salt-sensitive leptin receptor mutant rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F911-F921. [PMID: 32068459 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00438.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined whether development of renal injury in the nondiabetic obese Dahl salt-sensitive leptin receptor mutant (SSLepRmutant) strain is associated with elevations in glomerular filtration rate and renal lipid accumulation. Baseline mean arterial pressure at 6 wk of age was similar between Dahl salt-sensitive wild-type (SSWT) and SSLepRmutant rats. However, by 18 wk of age, the SSLepRmutant strain developed hypertension, while the elevation in mean arterial pressure was not as severe in SSWT rats (192 ± 4 and 149 ± 6 mmHg, respectively). At baseline, proteinuria was fourfold higher in SSLepRmutant than SSWT rats and remained elevated throughout the study. The early development of progressive proteinuria was associated with renal hyperfiltration followed by a decline in renal function over the course of study in the SSLepRmutant compared with SSWT rats. Kidneys from the SSLepRmutant strain displayed more glomerulosclerosis and glomerular lipid accumulation than SSWT rats. Glomeruli were isolated from the renal cortex of both strains at 6 and 18 wk of age, and RNA sequencing was performed to identify genes and pathways driving glomerular injury. We observed significant increases in expression of the influx lipid transporters, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16 (Cxcl16) and scavenger receptor and fatty acid translocase (Cd36), respectively, and a significant decrease in expression of the efflux lipid transporter, ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 2 (Abca2; cholesterol efflux regulatory protein 2), in SSLepRmutant compared with SSWT rats at 6 and 18 wk of age, which were validated by RT-PCR analysis. These data suggest an association between glomerular hyperfiltration and glomerular lipid accumulation during the early development of proteinuria associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasi C McPherson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Corbin A Shields
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Bibek Poudel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Ashley C Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Lateia Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Cassandra Stubbs
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Alyssa Nichols
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Denise C Cornelius
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Michael R Garrett
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Jan M Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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26
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Fang H, Feng Q, Shi Y, Zhou J, Wang Q, Zhong L. Hepatic insulin resistance induced by mitochondrial oxidative stress can be ameliorated by sphingosine 1-phosphate. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 501:110660. [PMID: 31759099 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The bioactive lipid mediator sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is considered to be involved in the development of insulin resistance (IR) via effects on oxidative stress; the mechanism however is not yet fully revealed. To this end, we investigated the role and mechanism of S1P on hepatic IR. We found that treatment of the normal human liver cell LO2 with 1000 nM insulin for 48 h reduced glucose uptake and increased serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1, indicating a reduction in insulin receptor signaling. Moreover, the same concentration of insulin caused accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cytosol and mitochondria, and enhanced expression of the antioxidant transcription factor (Nrf2) and upregulated Nrf2 nuclear translocation. Using known inhibitors and donors of ROS (H2O2, ·O2-, ·OH), the results demonstrated the differential roles for the specific ROS in regulating IR in LO2 cells, with H2O2 having a more significant inhibitory role compared with ·O2- and ·OH. Cell treatment with S1P at 0.1-5.0 μM reversed the effects of high insulin concentrations on ROS generation, glucose uptake, and insulin signaling. H2O2 also reversed the beneficial effects of S1P in alleviating IR. These results show that H2O2 signaling plays a key determinant in hepatic IR induced by insulin. S1P can ameliorate hepatic IR by reducing mitochondrial ROS generation, and the possible anti-IR effect mechanism may be involved in H2O2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Qiong Feng
- Chinese People's Liberation Army Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yunxiang Shi
- Chinese People's Liberation Army Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jiping Zhou
- Chinese People's Liberation Army Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Chinese People's Liberation Army Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Liyong Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
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27
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Hepatic FATP5 expression is associated with histological progression and loss of hepatic fat in NAFLD patients. J Gastroenterol 2020; 55:227-243. [PMID: 31602526 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-019-01633-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are characterized by the accumulation of excess hepatic fat. However, in the progression from NASH to cirrhosis, hepatic fat is often lost. Our aim was to elucidate the mechanism underlying hepatic fat loss during NASH progression. METHODS Liver biopsies were performed at The University of Tokyo Hospital between November 2011 and March 2016 on 146 patients with NAFLD and 14 patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis who were not being treated with any diabetes or dyslipidemia drugs. Among them, 70 patients underwent liver biopsy after an overnight fast, and 90 patients were biopsied 5 h after an oral glucose tolerance test. Expression differences in genes encoding several fatty acid metabolism-related factors were examined and correlated with hepatic histological changes based on NAFLD activity scores. Prospective patient follow-up continued until June 2018. RESULTS The level of fatty acid transport protein 5 (FATP5), which is associated with free fatty acid intake, was significantly and inversely correlated with features of histological progression, including ballooning and fibrosis. This was confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis. Transcript levels of genes encoding fatty acid metabolism-related proteins were comparable between NASH with severe fibrosis and cryptogenic cirrhosis. Furthermore, a prospective cohort study demonstrated that low FATP5 expression was the most significant risk factor for hepatic fat loss. CONCLUSIONS Decreased hepatic FATP5 expression in NAFLD is linked to histological progression, and may be associated with hepatic fat loss during NASH progression to cirrhosis.
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28
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Han L, Bittner S, Dong D, Cortez Y, Bittner A, Chan J, Umar M, Shen WJ, Peterson RG, Kraemer FB, Azhar S. Molecular changes in hepatic metabolism in ZDSD rats-A new polygenic rodent model of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165688. [PMID: 31987840 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes is increasing dramatically. They share pathophysiological mechanisms and often lead to cardiovascular diseases. The ZDSD rat was suggested as a new animal model to study diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. In the current study, we have further characterized metabolic and hepatic gene expression changes in ZDSD rats. Immuno-histochemical staining of insulin and glucagon on pancreas sections of ZDSD and control SD rats revealed that ZDSD rats have severe damage to their islet structures as early as 15 weeks of age. Animals were followed till they were 26 weeks old, where they exhibited obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and diabetes. We found that gene expressions involved in glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism were changed significantly in ZDSD rats. Elevated levels of ER stress markers correlated with the dysregulation of hepatic lipid metabolism in ZDSD rats. Key proteins participating in unfolded protein response pathways were also upregulated and likely contribute to the pathogenesis of dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Based on its intact leptin system, its insulin deficiency, as well as its timeline of disease development without diet manipulation, this insulin resistant, dyslipidemic, hypertensive, and diabetic rat represents an additional, unique polygenic animal model that could be very useful to study human diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America; Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Stefanie Bittner
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Dachuan Dong
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America; Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Yuan Cortez
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Alex Bittner
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Jackie Chan
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America; Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Meenakshi Umar
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America; Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Wen-Jun Shen
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America; Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America.
| | | | - Fredric B Kraemer
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America; Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Salman Azhar
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America; Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America.
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29
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Starčević K, Roškarić P, Šperanda M, Đidara M, Kurilj AG, Maurić M, Mašek T. High dietary n6/n3 ratio decreases eicosapentaenoic to arachidonic acid ratios and upregulates NFκB/p50 expression in short-term low-dose streptozotocin and high-fructose rat model of diabetes. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 149:1-7. [PMID: 31421522 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We studied the influence of dietary n6/n3 ratio and docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids supplementation on fatty acid profile, lipid peroxidation and NFκ/p50 expression in diabetes type 2. Treatments consisted of three dietary n6/n3 ratios: 6 (Control), 50 (high n6) and 1 (DHA and EPA supplemented). Half of the rats in each of the dietary treatments were made diabetic using the fructose/low-streptozotocin model. The Control and high n6 diets decreased EPA/ARA (arachidonic acid) ratios in the plasma and in the hepatic tissue suggesting proinflammatory fatty acid profile. The high n6 diet additionally increased the 4-HNE and NFκ/p50 expression in the hepatic tissue. These changes were the consequence of a decrease in the plasma content of DHA and EPA and an increase in the content of arachidonic acid in the liver neutral lipids. The supplementation with the DHA and EPA attenuated the change in EPA/ARA ratios, which imply the importance of the n6/n3 ratio in diabetes type 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Starčević
- Department of Forensic and State Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petra Roškarić
- Department of Forensic and State Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marcela Šperanda
- Department of Animal Science, University of Osijek, Faculty of Agriculture, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mislav Đidara
- Department of Animal Science, University of Osijek, Faculty of Agriculture, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Andrea Gudan Kurilj
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Maurić
- Department of Animal Husbandry, University of Zagreb Faculty, of Veterinary Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Mašek
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Biswas B, Dey G, Dogra S, Mukhopadhyay A, Chowdhury SR, Mondal P, Ghosh S. Molecular Scale Optimum Hydrophobicity To Establish an Enhanced Probe-Protein Interaction: Near-Infrared Imaging of Albumin Biosynthesis Modulation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:3372-3379. [PMID: 35030779 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Albumin is the most abundant serum protein and shows variation in its synthesis rate in different physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Thus, there might be an association expected between serum albumin concentration and body health. A library of NIR probes engineered with the optimum hydrophobicity has been developed and characterized using spectroscopy techniques and was employed to understand the variation of hepatic albumin synthesis rates on physiological and pathophysiological states. Given the importance of hydrophobicity in rendering an effective interaction of small molecules with biomolecules, strategic structure interaction relationship studies led us toward the development of a potent emissive molecular probe through chemical library development. By exploration of these newly developed molecular probes, our study elegantly showed how a pathophysiological condition like the hyperinsulinemic state significantly downregulates albumin biosynthesis in HepG2 cells using fluorescence microscopy as a tool. An excellent correlation between the albumin transcript level and fluorescence intensity inside the cells has been observed. The key role of hydrophobicity resulting in an effective interaction of the probes with albumin, thus leading to strong optical signals, has been experimentally demonstrated in this report. Also, a siRNA interference technique has been utilized to establish the excellent selectivity of the developed probes with excitation as well as emission in the NIR region. We therefore have established through our experimental findings that suitable cell permeable emissive molecular markers with a high degree of albumin specificity can be used as a good optical tool for studying the effect of hyperinsulinemia on albumin biosynthesis modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Biswas
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175001, India
| | - Gourab Dey
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175001, India
| | - Surbhi Dogra
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175001, India
| | - Antara Mukhopadhyay
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175001, India
| | - Shubhajit Roy Chowdhury
- School of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175001, India
| | - Prosenjit Mondal
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175001, India
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175001, India
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Rege SD, Royes L, Tsai B, Zhang G, Yang X, Gomez-Pinilla F. Brain Trauma Disrupts Hepatic Lipid Metabolism: Blame It on Fructose? Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801054. [PMID: 31087499 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The action of brain disorders on peripheral metabolism is poorly understood. The impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on peripheral organ function and how TBI effects can be influenced by the metabolic perturbation elicited by fructose ingestion are studied. METHODS AND RESULTS It is found that TBI affects glucose metabolism and signaling proteins for insulin and growth hormone in the liver; these effects are exacerbated by fructose ingestion. Fructose, principally metabolized in the liver, potentiates the action of TBI on hepatic lipid droplet accumulation. Studies in isolated cultured hepatocytes identify GH and fructose as factors for the synthesis of lipids. The liver has a major role in the synthesis of lipids used for brain function and repair. TBI results in differentially expressed genes in the hypothalamus, primarily associated with lipid metabolism, providing cues to understand central control of peripheral alterations. Fructose-fed TBI animals have elevated levels of markers of inflammation, lipid peroxidation, and cell energy metabolism, suggesting the pro-inflammatory impact of TBI and fructose in the liver. CONCLUSION Results reveal the impact of TBI on systemic metabolism and the aggravating action of fructose. The hypothalamic-pituitary-growth axis seems to play a major role in the regulation of the peripheral TBI pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha D Rege
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Luiz Royes
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Centro De Educacao Fisica e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105, Brazil
| | - Brandon Tsai
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Guanglin Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Fernando Gomez-Pinilla
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Suksangrat T, Phannasil P, Jitrapakdee S. miRNA Regulation of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Relation to Diabetes and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1134:129-148. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12668-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Botha J, Nielsen MH, Christensen MH, Vestergaard H, Handberg A. Bariatric surgery reduces CD36-bearing microvesicles of endothelial and monocyte origin. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:76. [PMID: 30386406 PMCID: PMC6199798 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bariatric surgery is a widely adopted treatment for obesity and its secondary complications. In the past decade, microvesicles (MVs) and CD36 have increasingly been considered as possible biomarkers for obesity, the metabolic syndrome (MetSy), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate how weight loss resulting from bariatric surgery affects levels of specific MV phenotypes and their expression of CD36 scavenger receptor. Additionally, we hypothesised that subjects with MetSy had higher baseline concentrations of investigated MV phenotypes. Methods Twenty individuals undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery were evaluated before and 3 months after surgery. MVs were characterised by flow cytometry at both time points and defined as lactadherin-binding particles within a 100-1000 nm size gate. MVs of monocyte (CD14) and endothelial (CD62E) origin were defined by cell-specific markers, and their expression of CD36 was investigated. Results Following bariatric surgery, subjects incurred an average BMI reduction (delta) of − 8.4 ± 1.4 (p < 0.0001). Significant reductions were observed for the total MVs (− 66.55%, p = 0.0017) and MVs of monocyte (− 36.11%, p = 0.0056) and endothelial (− 40.10%, p = 0.0007) origins. Although the bulk of CD36-bearing MVs were unaltered, significant reductions were observed for CD36-bearing MVs of monocyte (− 60.04%, p = 0.0192) and endothelial (− 54.93%, p = 0.04) origin. No differences in levels of MVs were identified between subjects who presented with MetSy at baseline (n = 13) and those that did not (n = 7). Conclusion Bariatric surgery resulted in significantly altered levels of CD36-bearing MVs of monocyte and endothelial origin. This likely reflects improvements in ectopic fat distribution, plasma lipid profile, low-grade inflammation, and oxidative stress following weight loss. Conversely, however, the presence of MetSy at baseline had no impact on MV phenotypes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12986-018-0309-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaco Botha
- 1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark.,2Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Sdr. Skovvej 15, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Morten Hjuler Nielsen
- 1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Maja Høegh Christensen
- 1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- 3Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, SUND, University of Copenhagen, Panum, Mærsk tårnet, Bygning 7, 8. Etage, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Aase Handberg
- 1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark.,2Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Sdr. Skovvej 15, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark
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Insulin/Snail1 axis ameliorates fatty liver disease by epigenetically suppressing lipogenesis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2751. [PMID: 30013137 PMCID: PMC6048127 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05309-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin stimulates lipogenesis but insulin resistance is also associated with increased hepatic lipogenesis in obesity. However, the underlying mechanism remains poorly characterized. Here, we show a noncanonical insulin-Snail1 pathway that suppresses lipogenesis. Insulin robustly upregulates zinc-finger protein Snail1 in a PI 3-kinase-dependent manner. In obesity, the hepatic insulin-Snail1 cascade is impaired due to insulin resistance. Hepatocyte-specific deletion of Snail1 enhances insulin-stimulated lipogenesis in hepatocytes, exacerbates dietary NAFLD in mice, and attenuates NAFLD-associated insulin resistance. Liver-specific overexpression of Snail1 has the opposite effect. Mechanistically, Snail1 binds to the fatty acid synthase promoter and recruits HDAC1/2 to induce deacetylation of H3K9 and H3K27, thereby repressing fatty acid synthase promoter activity. Our data suggest that insulin pathways bifurcate into canonical (lipogenic) and noncanonical (anti-lipogenesis by Snail1) two arms. The noncanonical arm counterbalances the canonical arm through Snail1-elicited epigenetic suppression of lipogenic genes. Impairment in the insulin-Snail1 arm may contribute to NAFLD in obesity.
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Targeting CD36 as Biomarker for Metastasis Prognostic: How Far from Translation into Clinical Practice? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7801202. [PMID: 30069479 PMCID: PMC6057354 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7801202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis requires cellular changes related to cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix adhesion, immune surveillance, activation of growth and survival signalling pathways, and epigenetic modifications. In addition to tumour cells, tumour stroma is also modified in relationship to the primary tumour as well as to distant metastatic sites (forming a metastatic niche). A common denominator of most stromal partners in tumour progression is CD36, a scavenger receptor for fatty acid uptake that modulates cell-to-extracellular matrix attachment, stromal cell fate (for adipocytes, endothelial cells), TGFβ activation, and immune signalling. CD36 has been repeatedly proposed as a prognostic marker in various cancers, mostly of epithelial origin (breast, prostate, ovary, and colon) and also for hepatic carcinoma and gliomas. Data gathered in preclinical models of various cancers have shown that blocking CD36 might prove beneficial in stopping metastasis spread. However, targeting the receptor in clinical trials with thrombospondin mimetic peptides has proven ineffective, and monoclonal antibodies are not yet available for patient use. This review presents data to support CD36 as a potential prognostic biomarker in cancer, its current stage towards achieving bona fide biomarker status, and knowledge gaps that must be filled before further advancement towards clinical practice.
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36
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Sun P, Zhu JJ, Wang T, Huang Q, Zhou YR, Yu BW, Jiang HL, Wang HY. Benzbromarone aggravates hepatic steatosis in obese individuals. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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37
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Kim KH, Lee MS. Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Hormone-Based Therapeutic Approaches. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:485. [PMID: 30197624 PMCID: PMC6117414 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging global health problem and a potential risk factor for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an advanced form of NAFLD, is a predisposing factor for development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The increasing prevalence of NASH emphasizes the need for novel therapeutic approaches. Although therapeutic drugs against NASH are not yet available, fundamental insights into the pathogenesis of NASH have been made during the past few decades. Multiple therapeutic strategies have been developed and are currently being explored in clinical trials or preclinical testing. The pathogenesis of NASH involves multiple intracellular/extracellular events in various cell types in the liver or crosstalk events between the liver and other organs. Here, we review current findings and knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of NASH, focusing on the most recent advances. We also highlight hormone-based therapeutic approaches for treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kook Hwan Kim
- Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Kook Hwan Kim ;
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Myung-Shik Lee
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38
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Torre-Villalvazo I, Cervantes-Pérez LG, Noriega LG, Jiménez JV, Uribe N, Chávez-Canales M, Tovar-Palacio C, Marfil-Garza BA, Torres N, Bobadilla NA, Tovar AR, Gamba G. Inactivation of SPAK kinase reduces body weight gain in mice fed a high-fat diet by improving energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 314:E53-E65. [PMID: 29066461 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00108.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The STE20/SPS1-related proline-alanine-rich protein kinase (SPAK) controls the activity of the electroneutral cation-chloride cotransporters (SLC12 family) and thus physiological processes such as modulation of cell volume, intracellular chloride concentration [Cl-]i, and transepithelial salt transport. Modulation of SPAK kinase activity may have an impact on hypertension and obesity, as STK39, the gene encoding SPAK, has been suggested as a hypertension and obesity susceptibility gene. In fact, the absence of SPAK activity in mice in which the activating threonine in the T loop was substituted by alanine (SPAK-KI mice) is associated with decreased blood pressure; however its consequences in metabolism have not been explored. Here, we fed wild-type and homozygous SPAK-KI mice a high-fat diet for 17 wk to evaluate weight gain, circulating substrates and hormones, energy expenditure, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity. SPAK-KI mice exhibit resistance to HFD-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis associated with increased energy expenditure, higher thermogenic activity in brown adipose tissue, increased mitochondrial activity in skeletal muscle, and reduced white adipose tissue hypertrophy mediated by augmented whole body insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. Our data reveal a previously unrecognized role for the SPAK kinase in the regulation of energy balance, thermogenesis, and insulin sensitivity, suggesting that this kinase could be a new drug target for the treatment of obesity and the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Torre-Villalvazo
- Department of Nutrition Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Lilia G Noriega
- Department of Nutrition Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jose V Jiménez
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Norma Uribe
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , México City, Mexico
| | - María Chávez-Canales
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Tovar-Palacio
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Braulio A Marfil-Garza
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Department of Nutrition Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Norma A Bobadilla
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Mexico City, Mexico
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Armando R Tovar
- Department of Nutrition Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Gamba
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Mexico City, Mexico
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y de Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Mexico
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Guri Y, Colombi M, Dazert E, Hindupur SK, Roszik J, Moes S, Jenoe P, Heim MH, Riezman I, Riezman H, Hall MN. mTORC2 Promotes Tumorigenesis via Lipid Synthesis. Cancer Cell 2017; 32:807-823.e12. [PMID: 29232555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) promotes cancer, but underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We describe an mTOR-driven mouse model that displays hepatosteatosis progressing to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Longitudinal proteomic, lipidomics, and metabolomic analyses revealed that hepatic mTORC2 promotes de novo fatty acid and lipid synthesis, leading to steatosis and tumor development. In particular, mTORC2 stimulated sphingolipid (glucosylceramide) and glycerophospholipid (cardiolipin) synthesis. Inhibition of fatty acid or sphingolipid synthesis prevented tumor development, indicating a causal effect in tumorigenesis. Increased levels of cardiolipin were associated with tubular mitochondria and enhanced oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, increased lipogenesis correlated with elevated mTORC2 activity and HCC in human patients. Thus, mTORC2 promotes cancer via formation of lipids essential for growth and energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakir Guri
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Colombi
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eva Dazert
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Jason Roszik
- Departments of Melanoma Medical Oncology and Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Suzette Moes
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Jenoe
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus H Heim
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Riezman
- NCCR Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Howard Riezman
- NCCR Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michael N Hall
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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GosB Inhibits Triacylglycerol Synthesis and Promotes Cell Survival in Mouse Mammary Epithelial Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7394869. [PMID: 29181403 PMCID: PMC5664265 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7394869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that the activator protein related transcription factor Finkel-Biskis-Jinkins murine osteosarcoma B (GosB) is involved in preadipocyte differentiation and triacylglycerol synthesis. However, the role of GosB in regulating the synthesis of milk fatty acid in mouse mammary glands remains unclear. This research uncovered potentially new roles of GosB in suppressing milk fatty acid synthesis. Results revealed that GosB had the highest expression in lung tissue and showed a higher expression level during nonlactation than during lactation. GosB inhibited the expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), perilipin 2 (PLIN2), perilipin 3 (PLIN3), and C/EBPα in mouse mammary gland epithelial cells (MEC). In addition, GosB reduced cellular triglyceride content and the accumulation of lipid droplets; in particular, GosB enhanced saturated fatty acid concentration (C16:0 and C18:0). The PPARγ agonist, rosiglitazone (ROSI), promoted apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation. GosB increased the expression of Bcl-2 and protected MEC from ROSI-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, MECs were protected from apoptosis through the GosB regulation of intracellular calcium concentrations. These findings suggest that GosB may regulate mammary epithelial cells milk fat synthesis and apoptosis via PPARγ in mouse mammary glands.
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Wei X, Li H, Zhao G, Yang J, Li L, Huang Y, Lan X, Ma Y, Hu L, Zheng H, Chen H. ΔFosB regulates rosiglitazone-induced milk fat synthesis and cell survival. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:9284-9298. [PMID: 29154466 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rosiglitazone induces adipogenesis in adipocyte and regulates cell survival and differentiation in number of cell types. However, whether PPARγ regulates the synthesis of milk fat and cell survival in goat mammary gland remains unknown. Rosiglitazone strongly enhanced cellular triacylglycerol content and accumulation of lipid droplet in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMEC). Furthermore, ΔFosB decreased the expression of PPARγ at both mRNA and protein levels, and rosiglitazone-induced milk fat synthesis was abolished by ΔFosB overexpression. ΔFosB reduced milk fat synthesis and enhanced saturated fatty acid concentration. Rosiglitazone increased the number of GMEC in G0/G1 phase and inhibited cell proliferation, and these effects were improved by overexpression of ΔFosB. ΔFosB was found to promote the expression of Bcl-2 and suppress the expression of Bax, and protected GMEC from apoptosis induced by rosiglitazone. Intracellular calcium trafficking assay revealed that rosiglitazone markedly increased intracellular calcium concentration. ΔFosB protected GMEC from apoptosis induced by intracellular Ca2+ overload. ΔFosB increased MMP-9 gelatinolytic activity. SB-3CT, an MMP-9 inhibitor, suppressed the expression of Bcl-2, and increased intracellular calcium levels, and this effect was abolished by ΔFosB overexpression. SB-3CT induced GMEC apoptosis and this effect was inhibited by ΔFosB overexpression. These findings suggest that ΔFosB regulates rosiglitazone-induced milk fat synthesis and cell survival. Therefore, ΔFosB may be an important checkpoint to control milk fat synthesis and cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Hui Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Guangwei Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiameng Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Lihui Li
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Yongzhen Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Xianyong Lan
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Yun Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linyong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Huiling Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang, Henan, China
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Soares AF, Duarte JMN, Gruetter R. Increased hepatic fatty acid polyunsaturation precedes ectopic lipid deposition in the liver in adaptation to high-fat diets in mice. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 31:341-354. [PMID: 29027041 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-017-0654-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We monitored hepatic lipid content (HLC) and fatty acid (FA) composition in the context of enhanced lipid handling induced by a metabolic high-fat diet (HFD) challenge and fasting. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice received a control diet (10% of kilocalories from fat, N = 14) or an HFD (45% or 60% of kilocalories from fat, N = 10 and N = 16, respectively) for 26 weeks. A subset of five mice receiving an HFD (60% of kilocalories from fat) were switched to the control diet for the final 7 weeks. At nine time points, magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed in vivo at 14.1 T, interleaved with glucose tolerance tests. RESULTS Glucose intolerance promptly developed with the HFD, followed by a progressive increase of fasting insulin level, simultaneously with that of HLC. These metabolic defects were normalized by dietary reversal. HFD feeding immediately increased polyunsaturation of hepatic FA, before lipid accumulation. Fasting-induced changes in hepatic lipids (increased HLC and FA polyunsaturation, decreased FA monounsaturation) in control-diet-fed mice were not completely reproduced in HFD-fed mice, not even after dietary reversal. CONCLUSION A similar adaptation of hepatic lipids to both fasting and an HFD suggests common mechanisms of lipid trafficking from adipose tissue to the liver. Altered hepatic lipid handling with fasting indicates imperfect metabolic recovery from HFD exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Francisca Soares
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Bâtiment CH, Station 6, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - João M N Duarte
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Bâtiment CH, Station 6, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Gruetter
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Bâtiment CH, Station 6, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Yang W, Wang J, Chen Z, Chen J, Meng Y, Chen L, Chang Y, Geng B, Sun L, Dou L, Li J, Guan Y, Cui Q, Yang J. NFE2 Induces miR-423-5p to Promote Gluconeogenesis and Hyperglycemia by Repressing the Hepatic FAM3A-ATP-Akt Pathway. Diabetes 2017; 66:1819-1832. [PMID: 28411267 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic FAM3A expression is repressed under obese conditions, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. This study determined the role and mechanism of miR-423-5p in hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism by repressing FAM3A expression. miR-423-5p expression was increased in the livers of obese diabetic mice and in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with decreased FAM3A expression. miR-423-5p directly targeted FAM3A mRNA to repress its expression and the FAM3A-ATP-Akt pathway in cultured hepatocytes. Hepatic miR-423-5p inhibition suppressed gluconeogenesis and improved insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and fatty liver in obese diabetic mice. In contrast, hepatic miR-423-5p overexpression promoted gluconeogenesis and hyperglycemia and increased lipid deposition in normal mice. miR-423-5p inhibition activated the FAM3A-ATP-Akt pathway and repressed gluconeogenic and lipogenic gene expression in diabetic mouse livers. The miR-423 precursor gene was further shown to be a target gene of NFE2, which induced miR-423-5p expression to repress the FAM3A-ATP-Akt pathway in cultured hepatocytes. Hepatic NFE2 overexpression upregulated miR-423-5p to repress the FAM3A-ATP-Akt pathway, promoting gluconeogenesis and lipid deposition and causing hyperglycemia in normal mice. In conclusion, under the obese condition, activation of the hepatic NFE2/miR-423-5p axis plays important roles in the progression of type 2 diabetes and NAFLD by repressing the FAM3A-ATP-Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Junpei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Meng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Chen
- Department of Biophysics and Molecular Physiology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science & Technology School of Life Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongsheng Chang
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Geng
- Hypertension Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Libo Sun
- Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Dou
- Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics & Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics & Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Youfei Guan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qinghua Cui
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jichun Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Geisler CE, Renquist BJ. Hepatic lipid accumulation: cause and consequence of dysregulated glucoregulatory hormones. J Endocrinol 2017; 234:R1-R21. [PMID: 28428362 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fatty liver can be diet, endocrine, drug, virus or genetically induced. Independent of cause, hepatic lipid accumulation promotes systemic metabolic dysfunction. By acting as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ligands, hepatic non-esterified fatty acids upregulate expression of gluconeogenic, beta-oxidative, lipogenic and ketogenic genes, promoting hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and ketosis. The typical hormonal environment in fatty liver disease consists of hyperinsulinemia, hyperglucagonemia, hypercortisolemia, growth hormone deficiency and elevated sympathetic tone. These endocrine and metabolic changes further encourage hepatic steatosis by regulating adipose tissue lipolysis, liver lipid uptake, de novo lipogenesis (DNL), beta-oxidation, ketogenesis and lipid export. Hepatic lipid accumulation may be induced by 4 separate mechanisms: (1) increased hepatic uptake of circulating fatty acids, (2) increased hepatic de novo fatty acid synthesis, (3) decreased hepatic beta-oxidation and (4) decreased hepatic lipid export. This review will discuss the hormonal regulation of each mechanism comparing multiple physiological models of hepatic lipid accumulation. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is typified by increased hepatic lipid uptake, synthesis, oxidation and export. Chronic hepatic lipid signaling through PPARgamma results in gene expression changes that allow concurrent activity of DNL and beta-oxidation. The importance of hepatic steatosis in driving systemic metabolic dysfunction is highlighted by the common endocrine and metabolic disturbances across many conditions that result in fatty liver. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the metabolic dysfunction that develops as a consequence of hepatic lipid accumulation is critical to identifying points of intervention in this increasingly prevalent disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Geisler
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Benjamin J Renquist
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Engin A. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 960:443-467. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48382-5_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Pardina E, Ferrer R, Rossell J, Ricart-Jané D, Méndez-Lara KA, Baena-Fustegueras JA, Lecube A, Julve J, Peinado-Onsurbe J. Hepatic CD36 downregulation parallels steatosis improvement in morbidly obese undergoing bariatric surgery. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:1388-1393. [PMID: 28555086 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The notion that hepatic expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism is altered in obese patients is relatively new and its relationship with hepatic steatosis and cardiometabolic alterations remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We assessed the impact of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) on the expression profile of genes related to metabolic syndrome in liver biopsies from morbidly obese individuals using a custom-made, focused cDNA microarray, and assessed the relationship between the expression profile and hepatic steatosis regression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plasma and liver samples were obtained from patients at baseline and 12 months after surgery. Samples were assayed for chemical and gene expression analyses, as appropriate. Gene expression profiles were assessed using custom-made, focused TaqMan low-density array cards. RESULTS RYGB-induced weight loss produced a favorable reduction in fat deposits, insulin resistance (estimated by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)), and plasma and hepatic lipid levels. Compared with the baseline values, the gene expression levels of key targets of lipid metabolism were significantly altered: CD36 was significantly downregulated (-40%; P=0.001), whereas APOB (+27%; P=0.032) and SCARB1 (+37%; P=0.040) were upregulated in response to surgery-induced weight reduction. We also observed a favorable reduction in the expression of the PAI1 gene (-80%; P=0.007) and a significant increase in the expression of the PPARA (+60%; P=0.014) and PPARGC1 genes (+36%; P=0.015). Notably, the relative fold decrease in the expression of the CD36 gene was directly associated with a concomitant reduction in the cholesterol (Spearman's r=0.92; P=0.001) and phospholipid (Spearman's r=0.76; P=0.04) contents in this tissue. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, RYGB-induced weight loss was shown to promote a favorable downregulation of CD36 expression, which was proportional to a favorable reduction in the hepatic cholesterol and phospholipid contents in our morbidly obese subjects following surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pardina
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Ferrer
- Unitat d'Hormones, Servei de Bioquímica, Hospital Universitari de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Rossell
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Ricart-Jané
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - K A Méndez-Lara
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - A Lecube
- Departament d'Endocrinologia i Nutrició, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain.,Unitat de Recerca en Diabetes i Metabolisme, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Julve
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Peinado-Onsurbe
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Choi YJ, Lee KY, Jung SH, Kim HS, Shim G, Kim MG, Oh YK, Oh SH, Jun DW, Lee BH. Activation of AMPK by berberine induces hepatic lipid accumulation by upregulation of fatty acid translocase CD36 in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 316:74-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Tawfik SH, Haiba MM, Saad MI, Abdelkhalek TM, Hanafi MY, Kamel MA. Intrauterine diabetic milieu instigates dysregulated adipocytokines production in F1 offspring. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017; 59:1. [PMID: 28078101 PMCID: PMC5220612 DOI: 10.1186/s40781-016-0125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Intrauterine environment plays a pivotal role in the origin of fatal diseases such as the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes is associated with low-grade inflammatory state and dysregulated adipokines production. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of maternal diabetes on adipocytokines (adiponectin, leptin and TNF-α) production in F1 offspring in rats. Methods The offspring groups were as follows: F1 offspring of control mothers under control diet (CD) (CF1-CD), F1 offspring of control mothers under high caloric diet (HCD) (CF1-HCD), F1 offspring of diabetic mothers under CD (DF1-CD), and F1 offspring of diabetic mothers under HCD (DF1-HCD). Every 5 weeks post-natal, 10 pups of each subgroup were culled to obtain blood samples for biochemical analysis. Results The results indicate that DF1-CD and DF1-HCD groups exhibited hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and impaired glucose homeostasis compared to CF1-CD (p > 0.05). DF1-CD and DF1-HCD groups had high hepatic and muscular depositions of TGs. The significant elevated NEFA level only appeared in offspring of diabetic mothers that was fed HCD. DF1-CD and DF1-HCD groups demonstrated low serum levels of adiponectin, high levels of leptin, and elevated levels of TNF-α compared to CF1-CD (p > 0.05). These results reveal the disturbed metabolic lipid profile of offspring of diabetic mothers and could guide further characterization of the mechanisms involved. Conclusion Dysregulated adipocytokines production could be a possible mechanism for the transgenerational transmittance of diabetes, especially following a postnatal diabetogenic environment. Moreover, the exacerbating effects of postnatal HCD on NEFA in rats might be prone to adipcytokine dysregulation. Furthermore, dysregulation of serum adipokines is a prevalent consequence of maternal diabetes and could guide further investigations to predict the development of metabolic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shady H Tawfik
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 21561, 165 Elhorreya Avenue, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maha M Haiba
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 21561, 165 Elhorreya Avenue, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 21561, 165 Elhorreya Avenue, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Taha M Abdelkhalek
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mervat Y Hanafi
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 21561, 165 Elhorreya Avenue, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maher A Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 21561, 165 Elhorreya Avenue, Alexandria, Egypt
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Wolf Greenstein A, Majumdar N, Yang P, Subbaiah PV, Kineman RD, Cordoba-Chacon J. Hepatocyte-specific, PPARγ-regulated mechanisms to promote steatosis in adult mice. J Endocrinol 2017; 232:107-121. [PMID: 27799461 PMCID: PMC5120553 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is the target for thiazolidinones (TZDs), drugs that improve insulin sensitivity and fatty liver in humans and rodent models, related to a reduction in hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL). The systemic effects of TZDs are in contrast to reports suggesting hepatocyte-specific activation of PPARγ promotes DNL, triacylglycerol (TAG) uptake and fatty acid (FA) esterification. As these hepatocyte-specific effects of PPARγ could counterbalance the positive therapeutic actions of systemic delivery of TZDs, the current study used a mouse model of adult-onset, liver (hepatocyte)-specific PPARγ knockdown (aLivPPARγkd). This model has advantages over existing congenital knockout models, by avoiding compensatory changes related to embryonic knockdown, thus better modeling the impact of altering PPARγ on adult physiology, where metabolic diseases most frequently develop. The impact of aLivPPARγkd on hepatic gene expression and endpoints in lipid metabolism was examined after 1 or 18 weeks (Chow-fed) or after 14 weeks of low- or high-fat (HF) diet. aLivPPARγkd reduced hepatic TAG content but did not impact endpoints in DNL or TAG uptake. However, aLivPPARγkd reduced the expression of the FA translocase (Cd36), in 18-week Chow- and HF-fed mice, associated with increased NEFA after HF feeding. Also, aLivPPARγkd dramatically reduced Mogat1 expression, that was reflected by an increase in hepatic monoacylglycerol (MAG) levels, indicative of reduced MOGAT activity. These results, coupled with previous reports, suggest that Cd36-mediated FA uptake and MAG pathway-mediated FA esterification are major targets of hepatocyte PPARγ, where loss of this control explains in part the protection against steatosis observed after aLivPPARγkd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Wolf Greenstein
- Research and Development DivisionJesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Section of EndocrinologyDiabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Biologic Resources LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Neena Majumdar
- Research and Development DivisionJesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Section of EndocrinologyDiabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Peng Yang
- Research and Development DivisionJesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Section of EndocrinologyDiabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Papasani V Subbaiah
- Research and Development DivisionJesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Section of EndocrinologyDiabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rhonda D Kineman
- Research and Development DivisionJesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Section of EndocrinologyDiabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jose Cordoba-Chacon
- Research and Development DivisionJesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Section of EndocrinologyDiabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Prevention and treatment effect of evogliptin on hepatic steatosis in high-fat-fed animal models. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 40:268-281. [PMID: 27885461 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0864-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is an adipokine that interrupts insulin signaling. The resulting insulin resistance exacerbates hepatic steatosis. We previously reported that the novel DPP4 inhibitor evogliptin improves insulin resistance. This study aimed to verify the therapeutic potential of evogliptin for fatty liver. Evogliptin treatment was initiated simultaneously with a high-fat diet (HFD) feeding in normal mice and in a post-24 week HFD-fed rats. In a prevention study, insulin sensitivity was preserved in evogliptin-treated mice after a 16-week treatment. Overall plasma lipid levels stayed lower and hepatic lipid accumulation was drastically suppressed by evogliptin treatment. Evogliptin reduced hepatic expression of Srebf1, a key transcriptional factor for lipogenesis. Additionally, DPP4 inhibitor-treated mice showed less weight gain. In a treatment study, after evogliptin treatment for 14 weeks in pre-established HFD-fed obese rats, weight loss was marginal, while hepatic lipid accumulation and liver damage assessed by measuring plasma aminotransferase levels were completely resolved, suggesting weight loss-independent beneficial effects on fatty liver. Moreover, reduction in plasma non-esterified fatty acids supported the improvement of insulin resistance by evogliptin treatment. Conclusively, our findings suggest that evogliptin treatment ameliorates fatty liver by increasing insulin sensitivity and suppressing lipogenesis.
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