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Dolin HH, Franco JH, Chen X, Pan ZK. Retinoic Acid-Induced Regulation of Inflammatory Pathways Is a Potential Sepsis Treatment. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0045722. [PMID: 36877073 PMCID: PMC10112230 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00457-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is among the most dangerous known diseases, resulting from the dysregulation of the innate immune system in a process that is characterized largely by proinflammatory cytokines. It manifests as an excessive immune response to a pathogen and often leads to life-threatening complications such as shock and multiple-organ failure. Within the past several decades, much progress has been made to better understand the pathophysiology of sepsis and improve treatment. However, the average case-fatality rate for sepsis remains high. Current anti-inflammatory therapeutics for sepsis are not effective for use as first-line treatments. Focusing on all-trans-retinoic acid (RA), or activated vitamin A, as a novel anti-inflammatory agent, we have shown both in vitro and in vivo that RA decreases the production of proinflammatory cytokines. In vitro studies using mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages show that RA decreases tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and increases mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP-1). RA treatment was also associated with the reduced phosphorylation of key inflammatory signaling proteins. Using a lipopolysaccharide and cecal slurry sepsis model, we found that RA significantly reduced mortality rates in mice, downregulated proinflammatory cytokine production, decreased neutrophil infiltration into lung tissue, and reduced the destructive lung histopathology typically seen in sepsis. We propose that RA may increase the function of native regulatory pathways and serve as a novel treatment for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallie H. Dolin
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Justin H. Franco
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaohuan Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Zhixing K. Pan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
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2
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Synergistic Antiproliferative Effects of All-Trans Retinoic Acid and Paclitaxel on Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Epithelial Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:1242916. [PMID: 34660779 PMCID: PMC8514275 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1242916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by uncontrollable epithelial cell growth, cyst formation, and kidney malfunction. In the present study, we investigated the antiproliferative effects of the treatment with the combination of paclitaxel (PAC) and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on ADPKD epithelial cells. Our results show that the combined treatment with 1 nM PAC and 10 nM ATRA significantly suppressed ADPKD cell proliferation (20%), while the treatment with ATRA or PAC alone had no such effect. Treatment with PAC and ATRA induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and apoptosis by upregulating p53 and caspase-8 expression and increased the intracellular calcium (Ca2+) level possibly by enhancing Ca2+ uptake via plasma membrane channels. In addition, this treatment suppressed extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling possibly through mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 activation. Thus, the combination of PAC and ATRA can be explored as a potential treatment regimen for ADPKD.
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3
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Da Silva F, Jian Motamedi F, Weerasinghe Arachchige LC, Tison A, Bradford ST, Lefebvre J, Dolle P, Ghyselinck NB, Wagner KD, Schedl A. Retinoic acid signaling is directly activated in cardiomyocytes and protects mouse hearts from apoptosis after myocardial infarction. eLife 2021; 10:68280. [PMID: 34623260 PMCID: PMC8530512 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is an essential signaling molecule for cardiac development and plays a protective role in the heart after myocardial infarction (MI). In both cases, the effect of RA signaling on cardiomyocytes, the principle cell type of the heart, has been reported to be indirect. Here we have developed an inducible murine transgenic RA-reporter line using CreERT2 technology that permits lineage tracing of RA-responsive cells and faithfully recapitulates endogenous RA activity in multiple organs during embryonic development. Strikingly, we have observed a direct RA response in cardiomyocytes during mid-late gestation and after MI. Ablation of RA signaling through deletion of the Aldh1a1/a2/a3 genes encoding RA-synthesizing enzymes leads to increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis in adults subjected to MI. RNA sequencing analysis reveals Tgm2 and Ace1, two genes with well-established links to cardiac repair, as potential targets of RA signaling in primary cardiomyocytes, thereby providing novel links between the RA pathway and heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amelie Tison
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, CNRS, iBV, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Pascal Dolle
- IGBMC, Inserm U1258, UNISTRA CNRS, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Kay D Wagner
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, CNRS, iBV, Nice, France
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4
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Ma KH, Lippner DS, Basi KA, DeLeon SM, Cappuccio WR, Rhoomes MO, Hildenberger DM, Hoard-Fruchey HM, Rockwood GA. Cyanide Poisoning Compromises Gene Pathways Modulating Cardiac Injury in Vivo. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1530-1541. [PMID: 33914522 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Smoke inhalation from a structure fire is a common route of cyanide poisoning in the U.S. Cyanide inhibits cellular respiration, often leading to death. Its rapid distribution throughout the body can result in injuries to multiple organs, and cyanide victims were reported to experience myocardial infarction and other cardiac complications. However, molecular mechanisms of such complications are yet to be elucidated. While FDA-approved CN antidotes such as sodium thiosulfate and hydroxocobalamin are clinically used, they have foreseeable limitations during mass casualty situations because they require intravenous administration. To facilitate the development of better antidotes and therapeutic treatments, a global view of molecular changes induced by cyanide exposure is necessary. As an exploratory pursuit, we performed oligonucleotide microarrays to establish cardiac transcriptomes of an animal model of nose-only inhalation exposure to hydrogen cyanide (HCN), which is relevant to smoke inhalation. We also profiled cardiac transcriptomes after subcutaneous injection of potassium cyanide (KCN). Although the KCN injection model has often been used to evaluate medical countermeasures, this study demonstrated that cardiac transcriptomes are largely different from that of the HCN inhalation model at multiple time points within 24 h after exposure. Pathway analysis identified that HCN-induced transcriptomes were enriched with genes encoding mediators of pathways critical in modulation of cardiac complications and that a large number of such genes were significantly decreased in expression. We utilized the upstream regulatory analysis to propose drugs that can be potentially employed to treat cyanide-induced cardiac complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki H Ma
- Medical Toxicology Research Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 8350 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Dennean S Lippner
- Medical Toxicology Research Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 8350 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Kelly A Basi
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command, Chemical Biological Center, 5183 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Susan M DeLeon
- Medical Toxicology Research Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 8350 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - William R Cappuccio
- Medical Toxicology Research Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 8350 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Melissa O Rhoomes
- Medical Toxicology Research Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 8350 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Diane M Hildenberger
- Medical Toxicology Research Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 8350 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Heidi M Hoard-Fruchey
- Medical Toxicology Research Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 8350 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Gary A Rockwood
- Medical Toxicology Research Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 8350 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
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5
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Yang N, Parker LE, Yu J, Jones JW, Liu T, Papanicolaou KN, Talbot CC, Margulies KB, O’Rourke B, Kane MA, Foster DB. Cardiac retinoic acid levels decline in heart failure. JCI Insight 2021; 6:137593. [PMID: 33724958 PMCID: PMC8119182 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.137593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although low circulating levels of the vitamin A metabolite, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality, few studies have addressed whether cardiac retinoid levels are altered in the failing heart. Here, we showed that proteomic analyses of human and guinea pig heart failure (HF) were consistent with a decline in resident cardiac ATRA. Quantitation of the retinoids in ventricular myocardium by mass spectrometry revealed 32% and 39% ATRA decreases in guinea pig HF and in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM), respectively, despite ample reserves of cardiac vitamin A. ATRA (2 mg/kg/d) was sufficient to mitigate cardiac remodeling and prevent functional decline in guinea pig HF. Although cardiac ATRA declined in guinea pig HF and human IDCM, levels of certain retinoid metabolic enzymes diverged. Specifically, high expression of the ATRA-catabolizing enzyme, CYP26A1, in human IDCM could dampen prospects for an ATRA-based therapy. Pertinently, a pan-CYP26 inhibitor, talarozole, blunted the impact of phenylephrine on ATRA decline and hypertrophy in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Taken together, we submit that low cardiac ATRA attenuates the expression of critical ATRA-dependent gene programs in HF and that strategies to normalize ATRA metabolism, like CYP26 inhibition, may have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lauren E. Parker
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jianshi Yu
- Mass Spectrometry Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jace W. Jones
- Mass Spectrometry Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ting Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - C. Conover Talbot
- Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kenneth B. Margulies
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian O’Rourke
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maureen A. Kane
- Mass Spectrometry Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - D. Brian Foster
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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6
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Vitamin A as a Transcriptional Regulator of Cardiovascular Disease. HEARTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/hearts1020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A is a micronutrient and signaling molecule that regulates transcription, cellular differentiation, and organ homeostasis. Additionally, metabolites of Vitamin A are utilized as differentiation agents in the treatment of hematological cancers and skin disorders, necessitating further study into the effects of both nutrient deficiency and the exogenous delivery of Vitamin A and its metabolites on cardiovascular phenotypes. Though vitamin A/retinoids are well-known regulators of cardiac formation, recent evidence has emerged that supports their role as regulators of cardiac regeneration, postnatal cardiac function, and cardiovascular disease progression. We here review findings from genetic and pharmacological studies describing the regulation of both myocyte- and vascular-driven cardiac phenotypes by vitamin A signaling. We identify the relationship between retinoids and maladaptive processes during the pathological hypertrophy of the heart, with a focus on the activation of neurohormonal signaling and fetal transcription factors (Gata4, Tbx5). Finally, we assess how this information might be leveraged to develop novel therapeutic avenues.
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7
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Rosuvastatin and retinoic acid may act as 'pleiotropic agents' against β-adrenergic agonist-induced acute myocardial injury through modulation of multiple signalling pathways. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 318:108970. [PMID: 32007421 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.108970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disorders constitute the principal cause of deaths worldwide and will continue as the major disease-burden by the year 2060. A significant proportion of heart failures occur because of use and misuse of drugs and most of the investigational agents fail to achieve any clinical relevance. Here, we investigated rosuvastatin and retinoic acid for their "pharmacological pleiotropy" against high dose β-adrenergic agonist (isoproterenol)-induced acute myocardial insult. Rats were pretreated with rosuvastatin and/or retinoic acid for seven days and the myocardial injury was induced by administering isoproterenol on the seventh and eighth day. After induction, rats were anaesthetized for electrocardiography, then sacrificed and different samples were collected/stored for various downstream assays. Myocardial injury with isoproterenol resulted in increased cardiac mass, decreased R-wave amplitude, increased QRS and QT durations; elevated levels of cardiac markers like cTnI, CK-MB, ALT and AST; increased lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation and tissue nitric oxide levels; decreased endogenous antioxidants like SOD, CAT, GR, GST, GPx and total antioxidant activity; increased inflammatory markers like TNF-α and IL-6; decreased the mRNA expression of Nrf2 and Bcl-2; increased the mRNA expression of Bax, eNOS and iNOS genes. Pretreatment with rosuvastatin and/or retinoic acid mitigated many of the above biochemical and pathological alterations. Our results demonstrate that rosuvastatin and retinoic acid exert cardioprotective effects and may act as potential agents in the prevention of β-adrenergic agonist-induced acute myocardial injury in rats. Cardioprotective potential of rosuvastatin and retinoic acid could be attributed to their influence on the redox pathways, immunomodulation, membrane stability, Nrf2 preservation, iNOS and Bax expression levels. Thus, they may act directly or indirectly at various steps, the breakpoints, in the pathophysiological cascade responsible for cardiac injury. Our study gives insights about the pharmacological pleiotropism of rosuvastatin and retinoic acid.
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8
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All-trans retinoic acid attenuates isoproterenol-induced cardiac dysfunction through Crabp1 to dampen CaMKII activation. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 858:172485. [PMID: 31238067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Inhibiting Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) over activation can decrease detrimental cardiac remodeling that leads to dilated cardiomyopathy, cell death, and heart failure. We previously showed that cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1 (Crabp1) knockout mice (CKO) exhibited a more severe isoproterenol (ISO)-induced heart failure and cardiac remodeling phenotype with elevated CaMKII activity in the heart, suggesting a cardiac-protective function of Crabp1 through modulating CaMKII activity. Here we examine whether the highly selective, endogenous ligand of Crabp1, all-trans retinoic acid (RA), can attenuate ISO-induced cardiac dysfunction. We also examine if this attenuation involves Crabp1 and the inhibition of CaMKII. RA pre-treatment followed by ISO challenge effectively restores ejection fraction in wild type, but not in CKO mice. This is correlated with reduced CaMKII auto-phosphorylation at T287 and phospholamban phosphorylation at T17, a substrate of CaMKII. RA pretreatment also reduces ISO-induced apoptosis in WT heart. Cell culture experiments confirm that RA inhibits CaMKII phosphorylation, which requires Crabp1. Molecular data reveal interaction of Crabp1 with the kinase and regulatory domains of CaMKII, and that RA selectively enhances Crabp1 interaction with the regulatory domain, suggesting a potential regulatory role for holo-Crabp1 in CaMKII activation. Together, these data demonstrate that RA bound Crabp1 plays a protective role in β-adrenergic stimulated cardiac remodeling, which is partially attributed to its dampening CaMKII activation. Targeting Crabp1 provides a potentially new therapeutic strategy for managing heart diseases.
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9
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El-Baz FK, Hussein RA, Saleh DO, Abdel Jaleel GAR. Zeaxanthin Isolated from Dunaliella salina Microalgae Ameliorates Age Associated Cardiac Dysfunction in Rats through Stimulation of Retinoid Receptors. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17050290. [PMID: 31091726 PMCID: PMC6562725 DOI: 10.3390/md17050290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoids are essential during early cardiovascular morphogenesis. However, recent studies showed their important role in cardiac remodeling in rats with hypertension and following myocardial infarction. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of zeaxanthin heneicosylate (ZH); a carotenoid ester isolated from Dunaliella salina microalgae, on cardiac dysfunction ensuing d-galactose injection in rats. Rats injected with d-GAL (200 mg/kg; I.P) for 8 weeks were orally treated with ZH (250 μg/kg) for 28 consecutive days. Results showed that d-GAL injection caused dramatic electrocardiographic changes as well as marked elevation in serum levels of homocysteine, creatinine kinase isoenzyme and lactate dehydrogenase. A reduction in the cardiac contents of glucose transporter-4 and superoxide dismutase along with the elevation of inducible nitric oxide synthetase and interleukin-6 was also noticed. Oral administration of ZH significantly improved the above mentioned cardiac aging manifestations; this was further emphasized through histopathological examinations. The effect of ZH is mediated through the interaction with retinoid receptor alpha (RAR-α) as evidenced through a significant elevation of RAR-α expression in cardiac tissue following the lead of an in silico molecular docking study. In conclusion, zeaxanthin heneicosylate isolated from D. salina ameliorated age-associated cardiac dysfunction in rats through the activation of retinoid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farouk Kamel El-Baz
- Plant Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Buhouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza P.O.12622, Egypt.
| | - Rehab Ali Hussein
- Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Buhouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza P.O.12622, Egypt.
| | - Dalia Osama Saleh
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Buhouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza P.O.12622, Egypt.
| | - Gehad Abdel Raheem Abdel Jaleel
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Buhouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza P.O.12622, Egypt.
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10
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Gui Y, Duan S, Xiao L, Tang J, Li A. Bexarotent Attenuated Chronic Constriction Injury-Induced Spinal Neuroinflammation and Neuropathic Pain by Targeting Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase-1. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2019; 21:1149-1159. [PMID: 30660765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that neuroinflammation in the spinal cord contributes to the development of central sensitization in neuropathic pain. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation plays a vital role in the development of neuroinflammation in the spinal cord. In this study, we investigated the effect of bexarotene (bex), a retinoid X receptor agonist, on MAPKs activation in chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain. The data showed that daily treatment with bex 50 mg/kg significantly alleviated CCI-induced nociceptive hypersensitivity in rats. Bex 50 mg/kg/day inhibited CCI-induced MAPKs (p38MAPK, ERK1/2, and JNK) activation and upregulation of proinflammatory factors (IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-6). Bex also reversed CCI-induced microglia activation in the ipsilateral spinal cord. Furthermore, bex treatment significantly upregulated MKP-1 in the spinal cord. These effects were completely abrogated by MKP-1 inhibitor BCI. These results indicated that bex relieved CCI-induced neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain by targeting MKP-1. Therefore, bex might be a potential agent for the treatment of neuropathic pain. PERSPECTIVE: Bex could relieve neuropathic pain behaviors in animals by reversing MKP-1 downregulation and MAPKs activation in the spinal cord. Therapeutic applications of bex may be extended beyond cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Gui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shunyuan Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, Yongzhou-affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Yongzhou, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lihong Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Aiyuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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11
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Subramanian U, Nagarajan D. All-Trans Retinoic Acid supplementation prevents cardiac fibrosis and cytokines induced by Methylglyoxal. Glycoconj J 2017; 34:255-265. [PMID: 28091942 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9760-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG), a metabolic intermediate of glycolysis is a precursor for endogeneous production of advanced glycation end-products. The increased production of MG have negative influence over the structure and function of different biomolecules and thus plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiac complications. Retinoic acid (RA), an active metabolite of vitamin A, has a major role in preventing cardiac remodeling and ventricular fibrosis. Hence, the objective of the present study was to determine whether rats administered with all-trans retinoic acid (RA) could attenuate MG induced pathological effects. Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 rats were kept as control; Group 2 rats were administrated with MG (75 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks. Group 3 rats were given RA (Orally, 1.0 mg/kg/day) along with MG; Group 4 rats received RA alone. Cardiac antioxidant status, induction of fibrosis, AGE receptor (RAGE) and cytokines expression was evaluated in the heart tissues. Administration of MG led to depletion of antioxidant enzymes, induction of fibrosis (p < 0.001), up-regulated expression of RAGE (3.5 fold), TGF-β (4.4 fold), SMAD2 (3.7 fold), SMAD3 (6.0 fold), IL-6 (4.3 fold) and TNF-α (5.5 fold) in the heart tissues compared to control rats. Moreover, the exogenous administration of MG caused significant (p < 0.001) increase in the circulating CML levels. Whereas, RA treatment prevented the induction of fibrosis and restored the levels of cytokines and RAGE expression. Methylglyoxal-induced fibrosis can lead to pathological effects in the heart tissues. RA attenuates the effects of MG in the heart, suggesting that it can be of added value to usual diabetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umadevi Subramanian
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Devipriya Nagarajan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
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12
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Majerczyk M, Choręza P, Bożentowicz-Wikarek M, Brzozowska A, Arabzada H, Owczarek A, Mossakowska M, Grodzicki T, Zdrojewski T, Więcek A, Olszanecka-Glinianowicz M, Chudek J. Increased plasma RBP4 concentration in older hypertensives is related to the decreased kidney function and the number of antihypertensive drugs-results from the PolSenior substudy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 11:71-80. [PMID: 28038989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Increased plasma retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), a novel adipokine, has been associated in previous studies with obesity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension (HT), atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between HT occurrence and its treatment, and plasma RBP4 concentrations in the older polish population. The study sample consisted of 1728 (890 men and 838 women) PolSenior study participants aged 65 years and older with available plasma samples and NT-proBNP values below 2000 pg/mL. The analysis included body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, estimated glomerular filtration rate, serum glucose and insulin (and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance), and plasma RBP4 levels. RBP4 plasma concentrations were higher in hypertensive (N = 645) than normotensive (N = 236) men (43.4 [30.4-64.8] vs. 38.1 [27.1-54.4] ng/mL, respectively; P < .01) but not in women (44.6 [29.6-63.5] vs. 40.7 [29.1-58.1] ng/mL, respectively; P = .21). In the subanalysis, higher plasma RBP4 levels were observed in women with treated than untreated HT and in subjects taking four of more antihypertensive drugs. The linear regression shown that estimated glomerular filtration rate (β = -0.015), thiazide diuretics (β = 0.041), and α-blockers (β = 0.049) were explaining log10RBP4 plasma levels variability in the study group. Older male Caucasians with HT are characterized by elevated plasma RBP4 levels. This increase is proportional to the number of antihypertensive drugs and decreased glomerular filtration rate. Among the antihypertensive drugs, only thiazide diuretics and α-blockers had a significant influence on RBP4 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Majerczyk
- Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; Department of Cardiology, District Hospital in Zakopane, Poland
| | - Piotr Choręza
- Division of Statistics, Department of Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Maria Bożentowicz-Wikarek
- Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Aniceta Brzozowska
- Health Promotion and Obesity Management Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Habibullah Arabzada
- Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksander Owczarek
- Division of Statistics, Department of Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Grodzicki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Zdrojewski
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Education, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Więcek
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Olszanecka-Glinianowicz
- Health Promotion and Obesity Management Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jerzy Chudek
- Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
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13
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Zhu S, Guleria RS, Thomas CM, Roth A, Gerilechaogetu F, Kumar R, Dostal DE, Baker KM, Pan J. Loss of myocardial retinoic acid receptor α induces diastolic dysfunction by promoting intracellular oxidative stress and calcium mishandling in adult mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 99:100-112. [PMID: 27539860 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) has been implicated in pathological stimuli-induced cardiac remodeling. To determine whether the impairment of RARα signaling directly contributes to the development of heart dysfunction and the involved mechanisms, tamoxifen-induced myocardial specific RARα deletion (RARαKO) mice were utilized. Echocardiographic and cardiac catheterization studies showed significant diastolic dysfunction after 16wks of gene deletion. However, no significant differences were observed in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), between RARαKO and wild type (WT) control mice. DHE staining showed increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the hearts of RARαKO mice. Significantly increased NOX2 (NADPH oxidase 2) and NOX4 levels and decreased SOD1 and SOD2 levels were observed in RARαKO mouse hearts, which were rescued by overexpression of RARα in cardiomyocytes. Decreased SERCA2a expression and phosphorylation of phospholamban (PLB), along with decreased phosphorylation of Akt and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II δ (CaMKII δ) was observed in RARαKO mouse hearts. Ca2+ reuptake and cardiomyocyte relaxation were delayed by RARα deletion. Overexpression of RARα or inhibition of ROS generation or NOX activation prevented RARα deletion-induced decrease in SERCA2a expression/activation and delayed Ca2+ reuptake. Moreover, the gene and protein expression of RARα was significantly decreased in aged or metabolic stressed mouse hearts. RARα deletion accelerated the development of diastolic dysfunction in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic mice or in high fat diet fed mice. In conclusion, myocardial RARα deletion promoted diastolic dysfunction, with a relative preserved LVEF. Increased oxidative stress have an important role in the decreased expression/activation of SERCA2a and Ca2+ mishandling in RARαKO mice, which are major contributing factors in the development of diastolic dysfunction. These data suggest that impairment of cardiac RARα signaling may be a novel mechanism that is directly linked to pathological stimuli-induced diastolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhu
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Rakeshwar S Guleria
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States; Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States.
| | - Candice M Thomas
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Amanda Roth
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Fnu Gerilechaogetu
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States; Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States
| | - David E Dostal
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States; Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Kenneth M Baker
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Jing Pan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States; Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States.
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14
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Subramanian U, Kumar P, Mani I, Chen D, Kessler I, Periyasamy R, Raghavaraju G, Pandey KN. Retinoic acid and sodium butyrate suppress the cardiac expression of hypertrophic markers and proinflammatory mediators in Npr1 gene-disrupted haplotype mice. Physiol Genomics 2016; 48:477-90. [PMID: 27199456 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00073.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to examine the genetically determined differences in the natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPRA) gene (Npr1) copies affecting the expression of cardiac hypertrophic markers, proinflammatory mediators, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in a gene-dose-dependent manner. We determined whether stimulation of Npr1 by all-trans retinoic acid (RA) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor sodium butyric acid (SB) suppress the expression of cardiac disease markers. In the present study, we utilized Npr1 gene-disrupted heterozygous (Npr1(+/-), 1-copy), wild-type (Npr1(+/+), 2-copy), gene-duplicated (Npr1(++/+), 3-copy) mice, which were treated intraperitoneally with RA, SB, and a combination of RA/SB, a hybrid drug (HB) for 2 wk. Untreated 1-copy mice showed significantly increased heart weight-body weight (HW/BW) ratio, blood pressure, hypertrophic markers, including beta-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) and proto-oncogenes (c-fos and c-jun), proinflammatory mediator nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and MMPs (MMP-2, MMP-9) compared with 2-copy and 3-copy mice. The heterozygous (haplotype) 1-copy mice treated with RA, SB, or HB, exhibited significant reduction in the expression of β-MHC, c-fos, c-jun, NF-κB, MMP-2, and MMP-9. In drug-treated animals, the activity and expression levels of HDAC were significantly reduced and histone acetyltransferase activity and expression levels were increased. The drug treatments significantly increased the fractional shortening and reduced the systolic and diastolic parameters of the Npr1(+/-) mice hearts. Together, the present results demonstrate that a decreased Npr1 copy number enhanced the expression of hypertrophic markers, proinflammatory mediators, and MMPs, whereas an increased Npr1 repressed the cardiac disease markers in a gene-dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umadevi Subramanian
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Prerna Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Indra Mani
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - David Chen
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Isaac Kessler
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Ramu Periyasamy
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Giri Raghavaraju
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Kailash N Pandey
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
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15
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Aminkeng F, Bhavsar AP, Visscher H, Rassekh SR, Li Y, Lee JW, Brunham LR, Caron HN, van Dalen EC, Kremer LC, van der Pal HJ, Amstutz U, Rieder MJ, Bernstein D, Carleton BC, Hayden MR, Ross CJD. A coding variant in RARG confers susceptibility to anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity in childhood cancer. Nat Genet 2015; 47:1079-84. [PMID: 26237429 PMCID: PMC4552570 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Anthracyclines are used in over 50% of childhood cancer treatment protocols, but their clinical usefulness is limited by anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (ACT) manifesting as asymptomatic cardiac dysfunction and congestive heart failure in up to 57% and 16% of patients, respectively. Candidate gene studies have reported genetic associations with ACT, but these studies have in general lacked robust patient numbers, independent replication or functional validation. Thus, the individual variability in ACT susceptibility remains largely unexplained. We performed a genome-wide association study in 280 patients of European ancestry treated for childhood cancer, with independent replication in similarly treated cohorts of 96 European and 80 non-European patients. We identified a nonsynonymous variant (rs2229774, p.Ser427Leu) in RARG highly associated with ACT (P = 5.9 × 10(-8), odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 4.7 (2.7-8.3)). This variant alters RARG function, leading to derepression of the key ACT genetic determinant Top2b, and provides new insight into the pathophysiology of this severe adverse drug reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Folefac Aminkeng
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amit P Bhavsar
- Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Translational Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Henk Visscher
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Shahrad R Rassekh
- Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yuling Li
- Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Translational Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jong W Lee
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Liam R Brunham
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, National University of Singapore and Association for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Huib N Caron
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children's Hospital/Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elvira C van Dalen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children's Hospital/Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leontien C Kremer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children's Hospital/Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Helena J van der Pal
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children's Hospital/Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Emma Children's Hospital/Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ursula Amstutz
- Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Translational Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael J Rieder
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Bruce C Carleton
- Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Translational Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Pharmaceutical Outcomes Programme, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael R Hayden
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, National University of Singapore and Association for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Colin J D Ross
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Translational Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Pharmaceutical Outcomes Programme, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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16
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Zhu J, Ning RB, Lin XY, Chai DJ, Xu CS, Xie H, Zeng JZ, Lin JX. Retinoid X receptor agonists inhibit hypertension-induced myocardial hypertrophy by modulating LKB1/AMPK/p70S6K signaling pathway. Am J Hypertens 2014; 27:1112-24. [PMID: 24603314 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpu017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoid X receptor (RXR) has been demonstrated to play an important role in cardiac development and has been implicated in cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to examine the effects of RXRα agonist bexarotene on pathological left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in a spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model and the underlying mechanism. METHODS WKY rats served as controls. SHRs were randomized into 3 groups at the age of 4 weeks and were treated (once daily for 12 weeks) with either bexarotene (30 or 100mg/kg body weight) or vehicle alone. Echocardiography was performed to determine cardiac structure and function. Neonatal cardiomyocytes were treated with AngII (10(-7) mmol/L) with or without the indicated concentration of RXRα ligand 9-cis-RA. The protein abundances of β-actin, RXRα, LKB1, phospho-LKB1, AMPK, phospho-AMPK, P70S6K, phospho-P70S6K, ACE, and AT1 receptor were measured along with blood pressure, body weight and angiotensin II (Ang II) levels. The effects of LKB1 downregulation by LKB1 small, interfering RNA were examined. RESULTS Treatment of SHRs with bexarotene resulted in significant inhibition of LVH without eliminating hypertension. Immunoblot with heart tissue homogenates from SHRs revealed that bexarotene activated the LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway and inhibited p70S6K. However, the increased Ang II levels in SHR serum and heart tissue were not reduced by bexarotene treatment. Treatment of cardiomyocytes with Ang II resulted in significantly reduced LKB1/AMPK activity and increased p70S6K activity. 9-cis-RA antagonized Ang II-induced LKB1/AMPK and p70S6K activation changes in vitro. CONCLUSIONS RXR agonists prevent the inhibition of the LKB1/AMPK/p70S6K pathway and regulate protein synthesis to reduce LVH. This antihypertrophic effect of bexarotene is independent of blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhu
- First Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ruo-Bing Ning
- First Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Lin
- Echocardiological Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Da-Jun Chai
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China;
| | - Chang-Sheng Xu
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hong Xie
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jin-Zhang Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute for Biomedical Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jin-Xiu Lin
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China;
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17
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The PPARβ/δ agonist GW0742 modulates signaling pathways associated with cardiac myocyte growth via a non-genomic redox mechanism. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 395:145-54. [PMID: 24939361 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2120-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily and appear to have beneficial effects in the cardiovascular system. PPARβ/δ has been shown previously to exert an inhibitory effect on cardiac myocyte hypertrophy in vivo and in vitro although the exact mechanism is not fully clear yet. The principal signaling pathways that have been involved in triggering cardiac hypertrophic response are mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and PI3K/Akt cascades. In this study, we sought to evaluate the potential effects evoked by PPARβ/δ activation on signaling pathways that are implicated in cardiac myocyte growth responses. The selective PPARβ/δ agonist GW0742 attenuated ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation that was stimulated by growth promoting agonists (phenylephrine, insulin or IGF-1). This effect was not reversed by the specific PPARβ/δ antagonist, GSK0660, but was inhibited by vanadate, a potent protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor. In addition, GW0742 prevented the oxidation and inactivation of PTEN supporting further the notion that its inhibitory action on the agonist-induced kinase phosphorylation is mediated by the modulation of phosphatase activity. Furthermore, GW0742 abolished the agonist-induced intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species, independently of PPARβ/δ activation. Our data reveals a new non-genomic mechanism of GW0742, which ameliorates the generation of reactive oxygen species and attenuates ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signaling, with implications in the regulation of cardiac hypertrophic response.
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18
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Pan J, Guleria RS, Zhu S, Baker KM. Molecular Mechanisms of Retinoid Receptors in Diabetes-Induced Cardiac Remodeling. J Clin Med 2014; 3:566-94. [PMID: 26237391 PMCID: PMC4449696 DOI: 10.3390/jcm3020566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients, is characterized by ventricular dysfunction, in the absence of coronary atherosclerosis and hypertension. There is no specific therapeutic strategy to effectively treat patients with DCM, due to a lack of a mechanistic understanding of the disease process. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of vitamin A, is involved in a wide range of biological processes, through binding and activation of nuclear receptors: retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR). RAR/RXR-mediated signaling has been implicated in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Recently, it has been reported that activation of RAR/RXR has an important role in preventing the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy, through improving cardiac insulin resistance, inhibition of intracellular oxidative stress, NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses and the renin-angiotensin system. Moreover, downregulated RAR/RXR signaling has been demonstrated in diabetic myocardium, suggesting that impaired RAR/RXR signaling may be a trigger to accelerate diabetes-induced development of DCM. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of retinoid receptors in the regulation of cardiac metabolism and remodeling under diabetic conditions is important in providing the impetus for generating novel therapeutic approaches for the prevention and treatment of diabetes-induced cardiac complications and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pan
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, 76504, USA.
| | - Rakeshwar S Guleria
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, 76504, USA.
| | - Sen Zhu
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, 76504, USA.
| | - Kenneth M Baker
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, 76504, USA.
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Kotake D, Sato T, Hirasawa N. Retinoid signaling in pathological remodeling related to cardiovascular disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 729:144-7. [PMID: 24056119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Retinoids, the active derivatives of vitamin A, are critical signaling molecules in crucial biological processes such as embryonic development, the maintenance of immune function, and cellular differentiation and proliferation. Preclinical studies have shown that retinoids also regulate morphological changes during the progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is complexly formed in a mutual chain reaction of various modern lifestyle-related risk factors such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. These factors induce the pathological remodeling of adipose tissue, the vasculature, and the ventricles, which are a potential target for retinoid signaling. This perspective highlights emerging topics and future prospectives on the relationship between CVD and retinoid signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kotake
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Taiki Sato
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Hirasawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.
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20
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De Jong AM, Maass AH, Oberdorf-Maass SU, De Boer RA, Van Gilst WH, Van Gelder IC. Cyclical stretch induces structural changes in atrial myocytes. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:743-53. [PMID: 23617620 PMCID: PMC3823178 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) often occurs in the presence of an underlying disease. These underlying diseases cause atrial remodelling, which make the atria more susceptible to AF. Stretch is an important mediator in the remodelling process. The aim of this study was to develop an atrial cell culture model mimicking remodelling due to atrial pressure overload. Neonatal rat atrial cardiomyocytes (NRAM) were cultured and subjected to cyclical stretch on elastic membranes. Stretching with 1 Hz and 15% elongation for 30 min. resulted in increased expression of immediate early genes and phosphorylation of Erk and p38. A 24-hr stretch period resulted in hypertrophy-related changes including increased cell diameter, reinduction of the foetal gene program and cell death. No evidence of apoptosis was observed. Expression of atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide and growth differentiation factor-15 was increased, and calcineurin signalling was activated. Expression of several potassium channels was decreased, suggesting electrical remodelling. Atrial stretch-induced change in skeletal α-actin expression was inhibited by pravastatin, but not by eplerenone or losartan. Stretch of NRAM results in elevation of stress markers, changes related to hypertrophy and dedifferentiation, electrical remodelling and cell death. This model can contribute to investigating the mechanisms involved in the remodelling process caused by stretch and to the testing of pharmaceutical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Margreet De Jong
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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21
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Nizamutdinova IT, Guleria RS, Singh AB, Kendall JA, Baker KM, Pan J. Retinoic acid protects cardiomyocytes from high glucose-induced apoptosis through inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:380-92. [PMID: 22718360 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that retinoic acid (RA) has protective effects on high glucose (HG)-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. To further elucidate the molecular mechanisms of RA effects, we determined the interaction between nuclear factor (NF)-κB and RA signaling. HG induced a sustained phosphorylation of IKK/IκBα and transcriptional activation of NF-κB in cardiomyocytes. Activated NF-κB signaling has an important role in HG-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and gene expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). All-trans RA (ATRA) and LGD1069, through activation of RAR/RXR-mediated signaling, inhibited the HG-mediated effects in cardiomyocytes. The inhibitory effect of RA on NF-κB activation was mediated through inhibition of IKK/IκBα phosphorylation. ATRA and LGD1069 treatment promoted protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity, which was significantly suppressed by HG stimulation. The RA effects on IKK and IκBα were blocked by okadaic acid or silencing the expression of PP2Ac-subunit, indicating that the inhibitory effect of RA on NF-κB is regulated through activation of PP2A and subsequent dephosphorylation of IKK/IκBα. Moreover, ATRA and LGD1069 reversed the decreased PP2A activity and inhibited the activation of IKK/IκBα and gene expression of MCP-1, IL-6, and TNF-α in the hearts of Zucker diabetic fatty rats. In summary, our findings suggest that the suppressed activation of PP2A contributed to sustained activation of NF-κB in HG-stimulated cardiomyocytes; and that the protective effect of RA on hyperglycemia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and inflammatory responses is partially regulated through activation of PP2A and suppression of NF-κB-mediated signaling and downstream targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina T Nizamutdinova
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas 76504, USA
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22
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Bilbija D, Haugen F, Sagave J, Baysa A, Bastani N, Levy FO, Sirsjö A, Blomhoff R, Valen G. Retinoic acid signalling is activated in the postischemic heart and may influence remodelling. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44740. [PMID: 23028599 PMCID: PMC3460971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background All-trans retinoic acid (atRA), an active derivative of vitamin A, regulates cell differentiation, proliferation and cardiac morphogenesis via transcriptional activation of retinoic acid receptors (RARs) acting on retinoic acid response elements (RARE).We hypothesized that the retinoic acid (RA) signalling pathway is activated in myocardial ischemia and postischemic remodelling. Methods and Findings Myocardial infarction was induced through ligating the left coronary artery in mice. In vivo cardiac activation of the RARs was measured by imaging RARE-luciferase reporter mice, and analysing expression of RAR target genes and proteins by real time RT-PCR and western blot. Endogenous retinoids in postinfarcted hearts were analysed by triple-stage liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Cardiomyocytes (CM) and cardiofibroblasts (CF) were isolated from infarcted and sham operated RARE luciferase reporter hearts and monitored for RAR activity and expression of target genes. The effect of atRA on CF proliferation was evaluated by EdU incorporation. Myocardial infarction increased thoracic RAR activity in vivo (p<0.001), which was ascribed to the heart through ex vivo imaging (p = 0.002) with the largest signal 1 week postinfarct. This was accompanied by increased cardiac gene and protein expression of the RAR target genes retinol binding protein 1 (p = 0.01 for RNA, p = 0,006 for protein) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A2 (p = 0.04 for RNA, p = 0,014 for protein), while gene expression of cytochrome P450 26B1 was downregulated (p = 0.007). Concomitantly, retinol accumulated in the infarcted zone (p = 0.02). CM and CF isolated from infarcted hearts had higher luminescence than those from sham operated hearts (p = 0.02 and p = 0.008). AtRA inhibited CF proliferation in vitro (p = 0.02). Conclusion The RA signalling pathway is activated in postischemic hearts and may play a role in regulation of damage and repair during remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusan Bilbija
- Department of Physiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Montessuit C, Lerch R. Regulation and dysregulation of glucose transport in cardiomyocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1833:848-56. [PMID: 22967513 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the heart muscle to derive energy from a wide variety of substrates provides the myocardium with remarkable capacity to adapt to the ever-changing metabolic environment depending on factors including nutritional state and physical activity. There is increasing evidence that loss of metabolic flexibility of the myocardium contributes to cardiac dysfunction in disease conditions such as diabetes, ischemic heart disease and heart failure. At the level of glucose metabolism reduced metabolic adaptation in most cases is characterized by impaired stimulation of transarcolemmal glucose transport in the cardiomyocytes in response to insulin, referred to as insulin resistance, or to other stimuli such as energy deficiency. This review discusses cellular mechanisms involved in the regulation of glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes and their potential implication in impairment of stimulation of glucose transport under disease conditions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cardiomyocyte Biology: Cardiac Pathways of Differentiation, Metabolism and Contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Montessuit
- Department of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Sanz MJ, Albertos F, Otero E, Juez M, Morcillo EJ, Piqueras L. Retinoid X Receptor Agonists Impair Arterial Mononuclear Cell Recruitment through Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:411-24. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Singh AB, Guleria RS, Nizamutdinova IT, Baker KM, Pan J. High glucose-induced repression of RAR/RXR in cardiomyocytes is mediated through oxidative stress/JNK signaling. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:2632-44. [PMID: 21882190 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.23005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The biological actions of retinoids are mediated by nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs). We have recently reported that decreased expression of RARα and RXRα has an important role in high glucose (HG)-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. However, the regulatory mechanisms of HG effects on RARα and RXRα remain unclear. Using neonatal cardiomyocytes, we found that ligand-induced promoter activity of RAR and RXR was significantly suppressed by HG. HG promoted protein destabilization and serine-phosphorylation of RARα and RXRα. Proteasome inhibitor MG132 blocked the inhibitory effect of HG on RARα and RXRα. Inhibition of intracellular reactive oxidative species (ROS) abolished the HG effect. In contrast, H(2)O(2) stimulation suppressed the expression and ligand-induced promoter activity of RARα and RXRα. HG promoted phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK and p38 MAP kinases, which was abrogated by an ROS inhibitor. Inhibition of JNK, but not ERK and p38 activity, reversed HG effects on RARα and RXRα. Activation of JNK by over expressing MKK7 and MEKK1, resulted in significant downregulation of RARα and RXRα. Ligand-induced promoter activity of RARα and RXRα was also suppressed by overexpression of MEKK1. HG-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis was potentiated by activation of JNK, and prevented by all-trans retinoic acid and inhibition of JNK. Silencing the expression of RARα and RXRα activated the JNK pathway. In conclusion, HG-induced oxidative stress and activation of the JNK pathway negatively regulated expression/activation of RAR and RXR. The impaired RAR/RXR signaling and oxidative stress/JNK pathway forms a vicious circle, which significantly contributes to hyperglycemia induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar B Singh
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas 76504, USA
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26
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Snyder R, Thekkumkara T. 13-cis-Retinoic acid specific down-regulation of angiotensin type 1 receptor in rat liver epithelial and aortic smooth muscle cells. J Mol Endocrinol 2012; 48:99-114. [PMID: 22180636 DOI: 10.1530/jme-11-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional repression through cis- and trans-acting factors enabling an alternate approach to control angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1 or AGTR1 as listed in the MGI database) expression has not been studied. In previous investigations, treatment with retinoic acid was found to be associated with enhanced insulin sensitivity. In our previous study, expression of AT1 was found to be inversely correlated with intracellular glucose concentrations. Therefore, we hypothesized that 13-cis-retinoic acid (13cRA), an antioxidant, enhances insulin-sensitive glucose-mediated down-regulation of the AT1. In this study, we used continuously passaged rat liver epithelial cells. Our study shows that cells exposed to 13cRA specifically down-regulated the AT1 protein in a dose- and time-dependent manner, independently of any change in receptor affinity. Down-regulation of the AT1 expression leads to reduced AngII-mediated intracellular calcium release, a hallmark of receptor-mediated intracellular signaling. Similarly with receptor down-regulation, we observed a significant reduction in AT1 mRNA; however, the AT1 down-regulation was independent of insulin-sensitive glucose uptake and retinoic acid receptor activation (RAR/RXR). Treatment with 13cRA resulted in phosphorylation of p42/p44 MAP kinases in these cells. Subsequent studies using MEK inhibitor PD98059 prevented 13cRA-mediated AT1 down-regulation and restored AngII-mediated intracellular calcium response. Furthermore, 13cRA-mediated inhibitory effects on AT1 were validated in primary rat aortic smooth muscle cells. In summary, our results demonstrate for the first time that 13cRA has a glucose- and RAR/RXR-independent mechanism for transcriptional inhibition of AT1, suggesting its therapeutic potential in systems in which AT1 expression is deregulated in insulin-sensitive and -insensitive tissues.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/metabolism
- Animals
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Aorta/cytology
- Cells, Cultured
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Epithelial Cells/cytology
- Epithelial Cells/drug effects
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Flavonoids/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Glucose/metabolism
- Insulin/metabolism
- Isotretinoin/pharmacology
- Liver/cytology
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/metabolism
- Retinoid X Receptors/genetics
- Retinoid X Receptors/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Snyder
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas 79106, USA
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27
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Wancket LM, Frazier WJ, Liu Y. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase (MKP)-1 in immunology, physiology, and disease. Life Sci 2012; 90:237-48. [PMID: 22197448 PMCID: PMC3465723 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are key regulators of cellular physiology and immune responses, and abnormalities in MAPKs are implicated in many diseases. MAPKs are activated by MAPK kinases through phosphorylation of the threonine and tyrosine residues in the conserved Thr-Xaa-Tyr domain, where Xaa represents amino acid residues characteristic of distinct MAPK subfamilies. Since MAPKs play a crucial role in a variety of cellular processes, a delicate regulatory network has evolved to control their activities. Over the past two decades, a group of dual specificity MAPK phosphatases (MKPs) has been identified that deactivates MAPKs. Since MAPKs can enhance MKP activities, MKPs are considered as an important feedback control mechanism that limits the MAPK cascades. This review outlines the role of MKP-1, a prototypical MKP family member, in physiology and disease. We will first discuss the basic biochemistry and regulation of MKP-1. Next, we will present the current consensus on the immunological and physiological functions of MKP-1 in infectious, inflammatory, metabolic, and nervous system diseases as revealed by studies using animal models. We will also discuss the emerging evidence implicating MKP-1 in human disorders. Finally, we will conclude with a discussion of the potential for pharmacomodulation of MKP-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyn M. Wancket
- Department of Veterinary Bioscience, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43221
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205
| | - W. Joshua Frazier
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205
| | - Yusen Liu
- Department of Veterinary Bioscience, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43221
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205
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Hu X, Li T, Zhang C, Liu Y, Xu M, Wang W, Jia Z, Ma K, Zhang Y, Zhou C. GATA4 regulates ANF expression synergistically with Sp1 in a cardiac hypertrophy model. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 15:1865-77. [PMID: 20874724 PMCID: PMC3918043 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01182.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy in response to multiple stimuli has important physiological and pathological significances. GATA4 serves as a nuclear integrator of several signalling pathways during cardiac hypertrophy. Sp1 and Sp3 are also reported to be involved in this process. However, the mechanism by which GATA4 acts as a mediator, integrating these ubiquitously expressed transcriptional factors, is poorly understood. We found that the expression of GATA4 and Sp1 was up-regulated in the myocardium of a pressure overload hypertrophy rat model, as well in phenylephrine-induced (PE-induced) hypertrophic growth of neonatal cardiomyocytes. GST pull-down assays demonstrated that GATA4 could interact with Sp1 in vitro. Therefore, we proposed that GATA4 cooperates with Sp1 in regulating ANF expression, as its reactivation is closely linked with hypertrophy. Further studies demonstrated that GATA4 could activate the ANF promoter synergistically with Sp1 through direct interaction. In contrast, Sp3 exhibited antagonistic function, and overexpression of Sp3 repressed the transcriptional synergy between Sp1 and GATA4. We also found that Sp1 alone could activate the ANF promoter in cardiomyocytes, whereas Sp3 exerted negative effects on ANF expression. Bioinformatics analysis revealed novel Sp-binding sites on the ANF promoter. The recruitment of GATA4 and Sp1 on the ANF promoter was enhanced during phenylephrine-mediated hypertrophy, whereas the recruitment of Sp3 was reduced. The phosphorylation of GATA4 by ERK1/2 kinase could enhance the affinity between GATA4 and Sp1. Thus, our findings revealed the critical interaction of GATA4 and Sp1 in modulating ANF expression, indicating their involvement in cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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29
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Zhang T, Lu X, Arnold P, Liu Y, Baliga R, Huang H, Bauer JA, Liu Y, Feng Q. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 inhibits myocardial TNF-α expression and improves cardiac function during endotoxemia. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 93:471-9. [PMID: 22198506 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Myocardial tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression induces cardiac dysfunction in endotoxemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP1) pathway in myocardial TNF-α expression and cardiac function during endotoxemia. METHODS AND RESULTS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased MKP1 expression in the myocardium in vivo and in cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes in vitro. LPS-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and p38 phosphorylation in the myocardium was prolonged in MKP1(-/-) mice. Myocardial TNF-α mRNA and protein levels were enhanced in MKP1(-/-) compared with wild-type (WT) mice in endotoxemia, leading to a further decrease in cardiac function. To study if Rac1/p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) signalling regulates MKP1 expression, cardiomyocytes were treated with LPS. Inhibition of Rac1 and PAK1 by a dominant negative Rac1 adenovirus (Ad-Rac1N17) and PAK1 siRNA, respectively, blocked LPS-induced MKP1 expression in cardiomyocytes. PAK1 siRNA also decreased p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, and TNF-α expression induced by LPS. Furthermore, deficiency in either Rac1 or JNK1 decreased myocardial MKP1 expression in endotoxemic mice. CONCLUSION LPS activates the Rac1/PAK1 pathway, which increases myocardial MKP1 expression via JNK1. MKP1 attenuates ERK1/2 and p38 activation, inhibits myocardial TNF-α expression, and improves cardiac function in endotoxemia. Thus, MKP1 represents an important negative feedback mechanism limiting pro-inflammatory response in the heart during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1
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Asrih M, Pellieux C, Papageorgiou I, Lerch R, Montessuit C. Role of ERK1/2 activation in microtubule stabilization and glucose transport in cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011; 301:E836-43. [PMID: 21771966 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00160.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that microtubule disruption impairs stimulation of glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes and that 9-cis retinoic acid (9cRA) treatment preserved both microtubule integrity and stimulated glucose transport. Herein we investigated whether 1) activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) is responsible for microtubule destabilization and 2) ERK1/2 inactivation may explain the positive effects of 9cRA on glucose uptake and microtubule stabilization. Adult rat cardiomyocytes in primary culture showed increased basal ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Cardiomyocytes exposed to inhibitors of the ERK1/2 kinase mitogen/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) 1/2 had preserved microtubular scaffold, including microtubule-organizing centers (MTOC), together with increased insulin and metabolic stress-stimulated glucose transport as well as signaling, thus replicating the effects of 9cRA treatment. Although 9cRA treatment did not significantly reduce global ERK1/2 activation, it markedly reduced perinuclear-activated ERK1/2 at the location of MTOC. 9cRA also triggered relocation of the ERK1/2 phosphatase mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-3 from the cytosol to the nucleus. These results indicate that, in cardiomyocytes, microtubule destabilization, leading to impaired stimulation of glucose transport, is mediated by ERK1/2 activation, impacting on the MTOC. 9cRA acid restores stimulated glucose transport indirectly through compartmentalized inactivation of ERK1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Asrih
- Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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31
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Tapping the brake on cardiac growth-endogenous repressors of hypertrophic signaling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 51:156-67. [PMID: 21586293 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is considered an early hallmark during the clinical course of heart failure and an important risk factor for cardiac morbidity and mortality. Although hypertrophy of individual cardiomyocytes in response to pathological stimuli has traditionally been considered as an adaptive response required to sustain cardiac output, accumulating evidence from studies in patients and animal models suggests that in most instances hypertrophy of the heart also harbors maladaptive aspects. Major strides have been made in our understanding of the pathways that convey pro-hypertrophic signals from the outside of the cell to the nucleus. In recent years it also has become increasingly evident that the heart possesses a variety of endogenous feedback mechanisms to counterbalance this growth response. These repressive mechanisms are of particular interest since they may provide valuable therapeutic options. In this review we summarize currently known endogenous repressors of pathological cardiac growth as they have been studied by gene targeting in mice. Many of the repressors that function in signal transduction appear to regulate calcineurin (e.g. PICOT, calsarcin, RCAN) and JNK signaling (e.g. CDC42, MKP-1) and some will be described in greater detail in this review. In addition, we will focus on factors such as Kruppel-like factors (KLF4, KLF15 and KLF10) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), which constitute a relevant group of nuclear proteins that repress transcription of the hypertrophic gene program in cardiomyocytes.
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Li W, Chang L, Rong Z, Liu W. Retinoic acid diminished the expression of MMP-2 in hyperoxia-exposed premature rat lung fibroblasts through regulating mitogen-activated protein kinases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 31:251-257. [PMID: 21505995 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-011-0262-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of retinoic acid (RA), PD98059, SP600125 and SB203580 on the hyperoxia-induced expression and regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) in premature rat lung fibroblasts (LFs). LFs were exposed to hyperoxia or room air for 12 h in the presence of RA and the kinase inhibitors PD98059 (ERK1/2), SP600125 (JNK1/2) and SB203580 (p38) respectively. The expression levels of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 mRNA were detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). MMP-2 activity was measured by zymography. The amount of p-ERK1/2, REK1/2, p-JNK1/2, JNK1/2, p-p38 and p38 was determined by Western blotting. The results showed that: (1) PD98059, SP600125 and SB203580 significantly inhibited p-ERK1/2, p-JNK1/2 and p-p38 respectively in LFs; (2) The expression of MMP-2 mRNA in LFs exposed to hyperoxia was decreased after treatment with RA, SP600125 and SB203580 respectively (P<0.01 or 0.05), but did not change after treatment with PD98059 (P>0.05). Meanwhile, RA, PD98059, SP600125 and SB203580 had no effect on the expression of TIMP-2 mRNA in LFs exposed to room air or hyperoxia (P>0.05); (3) The expression of pro- and active MMP-2 experienced no change after treatment with RA or SP600125 in LFs exposed to room air (P>0.05), but decreased remarkably after hyperoxia (P<0.01 or 0.05). SB203580 inhibited the expression of pro- and active MMP-2 either in room air or under hyperoxia (P<0.01). PD98059 exerted no effect on the expression of pro- and active MMP-2 (P<0.05). It was suggested that RA had a protective effect on hyperoxia-induced lung injury by down-regulating the expression of MMP-2 through decreasing the JNK and p38 activation in hyperoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Liwen Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Zhihui Rong
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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Guleria RS, Choudhary R, Tanaka T, Baker KM, Pan J. Retinoic acid receptor-mediated signaling protects cardiomyocytes from hyperglycemia induced apoptosis: role of the renin-angiotensin system. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:1292-307. [PMID: 20945395 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and heart failure. Activation of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) has an anti-diabetic effect; but, a role in diabetic cardiomyopathy remains unclear. Using neonatal and adult cardiomyocytes, we determined the role of RAR and RXR in hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis and expression of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components. Decreased nuclear expression of RARα and RXRα, activation of apoptotic signaling and cell apoptosis was observed in high glucose (HG) treated neonatal and adult cardiomyocytes and diabetic hearts in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. HG-induced apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was prevented by both RAR and RXR agonists. Silencing expression of RARα and RXRα, by small interference RNA, promoted apoptosis under normal conditions and significantly enhanced HG-induced apoptosis, indicating that RARα and RXRα are required in regulating cell apoptotic signaling. Blocking angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT(1) R); but, not AT(2) R, attenuated HG-induced apoptosis and ROS generation. Moreover, HG induced gene expression of angiotensinogen, renin, AT(1) R, and angiotensin II (Ang II) synthesis were inhibited by RARα agonists and promoted by silencing RARα. Activation of RXRα, downregulated the expression of AT(1) R; and RXRα silencing accelerated HG induced expression of angiotensinogen and Ang II synthesis, whereas there was no significant effect on renin gene expression. These results indicate that reduction in the expression of RARα and RXRα has an important role in hyperglycemia mediated apoptosis and expression of RAS components. Activation of RAR/RXR signaling protects cardiomyocytes from hyperglycemia, by reducing oxidative stress and inhibition of the RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakeshwar S Guleria
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas 76504, USA
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Leonarduzzi G, Sottero B, Poli G. Targeting tissue oxidative damage by means of cell signaling modulators: The antioxidant concept revisited. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 128:336-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Kumar P, Garg R, Bolden G, Pandey KN. Interactive roles of Ets-1, Sp1, and acetylated histones in the retinoic acid-dependent activation of guanylyl cyclase/atrial natriuretic peptide receptor-A gene transcription. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:37521-30. [PMID: 20864529 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.132795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hormones atrial and brain natriuretic peptides activate guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A (GC-A/NPRA), which plays a critical role in reduction of blood pressure and blood volume. Currently, the mechanisms responsible for regulating the Npr1 gene (coding for GC-A/NPRA) transcription are not well understood. The present study was conducted to examine the interactive roles of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), Ets-1, Sp1, and histone acetylation on the transcriptional regulation and function of the Npr1 gene. Deletion analysis of the Npr1 promoter and luciferase assays showed that ATRA enhanced a 16-fold Npr1 promoter activity and greatly stimulated guanylyl cyclase (GC) activity of the receptor protein in both atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)-dependent and -independent manner. As confirmed by gel shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, ATRA enhanced the binding of both Ets-1 and Sp1 to the Npr1 promoter. The retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) was recruited by Ets-1 and Sp1 to form a transcriptional activator complex with their binding sites in the Npr1 promoter. Interestingly, ATRA also increased the acetylation of histones H3 and H4 and enhanced their recruitment to Ets-1 and Sp1 binding sites within the Npr1 promoter. Collectively, the present results demonstrate that ATRA regulates Npr1 gene transcription and GC activity of the receptor by involving the interactive actions of Ets-1, Sp1, and histone acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center and School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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36
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Kumar A, Singh CK, DiPette DD, Singh US. Ethanol impairs activation of retinoic acid receptors in cerebellar granule cells in a rodent model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2010; 34:928-37. [PMID: 20201933 PMCID: PMC4502960 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01166.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethanol is the main addictive and neurotoxic constituent of alcohol. Ethanol exposure during embryonic development causes dysfunction of the central nervous system (CNS) and leads to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. The cerebellum is one of the CNS regions that are particularly vulnerable to ethanol toxic effects. Retinoic acid (RA) is a physiologically active metabolite of vitamin A that is locally synthesized in the cerebellum. Studies have shown that RA is required for neuronal development, but it remains unknown if ethanol impairs RA signaling and thus induces neuronal malformations. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that ethanol impairs the expression and activation of RA receptors in cerebellum and in cerebellar granule cells. METHODS The cerebellum of ethanol unexposed and exposed pups was used to study the expression of retinoic acid receptors (RARs or RXRs) by immunohistochemistry and by Western blot analysis. We also studied the effect of ethanol on expression of RA receptors in the cerebellar granule cells. Activation of RA receptors (DNA-binding activities) in response to high-dose ethanol was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift and supershift assays. RESULTS Findings from these studies demonstrated that ethanol exposure reduced the expression of RARalpha/gamma while it increased the expression of RXRalpha/gamma in the cerebellum and in cerebellar granule neurons. Immuno-histological studies further strengthened the expression pattern of RA receptors in response to ethanol. The DNA-binding activity of RARs was reduced, while DNA-binding activity of RXRs was increased in response to ethanol exposure. CONCLUSION For the first time, our studies have demonstrated that high-dose ethanol affects the expression and activation of RA receptors, which could impair the signaling events and induce harmful effects on the survival and differentiation of cerebellar granule cells. Taken together, these findings could provide insight into the treatment options for brain defects caused by excessive ethanol exposure, such as in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambrish Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, 29209, USA
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37
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Baraka A, Mikhail M, Guemei A, El Ghotny S. Effect of Targeting Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase on Cardiac Remodeling in Rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2009; 14:339-46. [DOI: 10.1177/1074248409349620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Increasing evidence suggests that the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) plays a role in cardiac remodeling. Targeting p38MAPK using drugs reported to interfere with its phosphorylation, namely statins and all-trans retinoic acid (atRA), might play a role in ameliorating this remodeling. Methods and Results: Cardiac remodeling was induced in male albino rats by chronic inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by N-nitro L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Daily oral administration of L-NAME for 4 weeks resulted in the elevation of mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) together with cardiac remodeling evidenced by an increase in left ventricular-body weight ratio together with an increase in cardiac hydroxyproline concentration and a decrease in left ventricular papillary muscle-developed tension. An elevation in cardiac phosphorylated p38MAPK concentration, tumor necrosis factor alpha concentration and in cardiac caspase 3 activity was also observed. Administration of either rosuvastatin or all-trans retinoic acid (atRA), starting 4 weeks after L-NAME administration, ameliorated remodeling and improved all studied parameters. Conclusions: Targeting MAPK might represent a useful therapeutic avenue to ameliorate cardiac remodeling and support the notion that atRA and statins are potential candidates for the prevention and therapy of cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Baraka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt,
| | - Maher Mikhail
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Aida Guemei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Samar El Ghotny
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Koo HS, Kang SD, Lee JH, Kim NH, Chung HT, Pae HO. Triptolide Inhibits the Proliferation of Immortalized HT22 Hippocampal Cells Via Persistent Activation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase-1/2 by Down-Regulating Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase-1 Expression. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2009; 46:389-96. [PMID: 19893732 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2009.46.4.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Revised: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 10/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Triptolide (TP) has been reported to suppress the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase-1 (MKP-1), of which main function is to inactivate the extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK-1/2), the p38 MAPK and the c-Jun N-terminal kinase-1/2 (JNK-1/2), and to exert antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activities. However, the mechanisms underlying antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activities of TP are not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the down-regulation of MKP-1 expression by TP would account for antiproliferative activity of TP in immortalized HT22 hippocampal cells. METHODS MKP-1 expression and MAPK phosphorylation were analyzed by Western blot. Cell proliferation was assessed by (3)H-thymidine incorporation. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) against MKP-1, vanadate (a phosphatase inhibitor), U0126 (a specific inhibitor for ERK-1/2), SB203580 (a specific inhibitor for p38 MAPK), and SP600125 (a specific inhibitor for JNK-1/2) were employed to evaluate a possible mechanism of antiproliferative action of TP. RESULTS At its non-cytotoxic dose, TP suppressed MKP-1 expression, reduced cell growth, and induced persistent ERK-1/2 activation. Similar growth inhibition and ERK-1/2 activation were observed when MKP-1 expression was blocked by MKP-1 siRNA and its activity was inhibited by vanadate. The antiproliferative effects of TP, MKP-1 siRNA, and vanadate were significantly abolished by U0126, but not by SB203580 or SP600125. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that TP inhibits the growth of immortalized HT22 hippocampal cells via persistent ERK-1/2 activation by suppressing MKP-1 expression. Additionally, this study provides evidence supporting that MKP-1 may play an important role in regulation of neuronal cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Sang Koo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
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Chiloeches A, Sánchez-Pacheco A, Gil-Araujo B, Aranda A, Lasa M. Thyroid hormone-mediated activation of the ERK/dual specificity phosphatase 1 pathway augments the apoptosis of GH4C1 cells by down-regulating nuclear factor-kappaB activity. Mol Endocrinol 2008; 22:2466-80. [PMID: 18755855 DOI: 10.1210/me.2008-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (T3) plays a crucial role in processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation, whereas its implication on cellular apoptosis has not been well documented. Here we examined the effect of T3 on the apoptosis of GH4C1 pituitary cells and the mechanisms underlying this effect. We show that T3 produced a significant increase in apoptosis in serum-depleted conditions. This effect was accompanied by a decrease in nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)-dependent transcription, IkappaBalpha phosphorylation, translocation of p65/NF-kappaB to the nucleus, phosphorylation, and transactivation. Moreover, these effects were correlated with a T3-induced decrease in the expression of antiapoptotic gene products, such as members of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein and Bcl-2 families. On the other hand, ERK but not c-Jun N-terminal kinase or MAPK p38, was activated upon exposure to T3, and inhibition of ERK alone abrogated T3-mediated apoptosis. In addition, T3 increased the expression of the MAPK phosphatase, dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1), in an ERK-dependent manner. Interestingly, the suppression of DUSP1 expression abrogated T3-induced inhibition of NF-kappaB-dependent transcription and p65/NF-kappaB translocation to the nucleus, as well as T3-mediated apoptosis. Overall, our results indicate that T3 induces apoptosis in rat pituitary tumor cells by down-regulating NF-kappaB activity through a mechanism dependent on the ERK/DUSP1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Chiloeches
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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Retinoic acid utilizes CREB and USF1 in a transcriptional feed-forward loop in order to stimulate MKP1 expression in human immunodeficiency virus-infected podocytes. Mol Cell Biol 2008; 28:5785-94. [PMID: 18625721 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00245-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nef-induced podocyte proliferation and dedifferentiation via mitogen-activated protein kinase 1,2 (MAPK1,2) activation plays a role in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) nephropathy pathogenesis. All-trans retinoic acid (atRA) reverses the HIV-induced podocyte phenotype by activating cyclic AMP (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) and inhibiting MAPK1,2. Here we show that atRA, through cAMP and PKA, triggers a feed-forward loop involving CREB and USF1 to induce biphasic stimulation of MKP1. atRA stimulated CREB and USF1 binding to the MKP1 gene promoter, as shown by gel shifting and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. CREB directly mediated the early phase of atRA-induced MKP1 stimulation; whereas the later phase was mediated by CREB indirectly through induction of USF1. These findings were confirmed by a reporter gene assay using the MKP1 promoter with mutation of CRE or Ebox binding sites. Consistent with these findings, the biological effects of atRA on podocytes were inhibited by silencing either MKP1, CREB, or USF1 with small interfering RNA. atRA also induced CREB phosphorylation and MKP1 expression and reduced MAPK1,2 phosphorylation in kidneys of HIV type 1-infected transgenic mice. We conclude that atRA induces sustained activation of MKP1 to suppress Nef-induced activation of the Src-MAPK1,2 pathway, thus returning the podocyte to a more differentiated state. The mechanism involves a feed-forward loop where activation of one transcription factor (TF) (CREB) leads to induction of a second TF (USF1).
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Schlüter KD, Wenzel S. Angiotensin II: a hormone involved in and contributing to pro-hypertrophic cardiac networks and target of anti-hypertrophic cross-talks. Pharmacol Ther 2008; 119:311-25. [PMID: 18619489 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 05/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) plays a major role in the progression of myocardial hypertrophy to heart failure. Inhibiting the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) or blockade of the corresponding Ang II receptors is used extensively in clinical practice, but there is scope for refinement of this mode of therapy. This review summarizes the current understanding of the direct effects of Ang II on cardiomyocytes and then focus particularly on interaction of components of the renin-angiotensin system with other hormones and cytokines. New findings described in approximately 400 papers identified in the PubMed database and published during the 2.5 years are discussed in the context of previous relevant literature. The cardiac action of Ang II is influenced by the activity of different isoforms of ACE leading to different amounts of Ang II by comparison with other angiotensinogen-derived peptides. The effect of Ang II is mediated by at least two different AT receptors that are differentially expressed in cardiomyocytes from neonatal, adult and failing hearts. The intracellular effects of Ang II are influenced by nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP-dependent cross talk and are mediated by the release of autocrine factors, such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 and interleukin (IL)-6. Besides interactions with cytokines, Ang II is involved in systemic networks including aldosterone, parathyroid hormone and adrenomedullin, which have their own effects on cardiomyocytes that modify, amplify or antagonize the primary effect of Ang II. Finally, hyperinsulemia and hyperglycaemia influence Ang II-dependent processes in diabetes and its cardiac sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-D Schlüter
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Germany.
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Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA), the active derivative of vitamin A, by acting through retinoid receptors, is involved in signal transduction pathways regulating embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and cellular differentiation and proliferation. RA is important for the development of the heart. The requirement of RA during early cardiovascular morphogenesis has been studied in targeted gene deletion of retinoic acid receptors and in the vitamin A-deficient avian embryo. The teratogenic effects of high doses of RA on cardiovascular morphogenesis have also been demonstrated in different animal models. Specific cardiovascular targets of retinoid action include effects on the specification of cardiovascular tissues during early development, anteroposterior patterning of the early heart, left/right decisions and cardiac situs, endocardial cushion formation, and in particular, the neural crest. In the postdevelopment period, RA has antigrowth activity in fully differentiated neonatal cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts. Recent studies have shown that RA has an important role in the cardiac remodeling process in rats with hypertension and following myocardial infarction. This chapter will focus on the role of RA in regulating cardiomyocyte growth and differentiation during embryonic and the postdevelopment period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pan
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, The Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, College of Medicine Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas 76504, USA
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Choudhary R, Baker KM, Pan J. All-trans retinoic acid prevents angiotensin II- and mechanical stretch-induced reactive oxygen species generation and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. J Cell Physiol 2008; 215:172-81. [PMID: 17941088 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte apoptosis has an important role in the transition from compensatory cardiac remodeling to heart failure. All-trans retinoic acid (RA), a bioactive vitamin A derivative, prevents stretch- and angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cardiac hypertrophy. However, the anti-apoptotic potential of RA in the heart remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that stretch- and Ang II-induced apoptosis is prevented by RA in neonatal cardiomyocytes. RA improved mitochondrial function by inhibiting the stretch- and Ang II-induced reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release and by increasing the Bcl2/Bax ratio. RA inhibited stretch- and Ang II-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and upregulated the SOD2 level. Hydrogen peroxide-induced increases in the number of TUNEL-positive cells and percentage of Annexin V positive cells, were dose-dependently inhibited by RA. The thiol antioxidant, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), completely inhibited stretch- and Ang II-induced apoptosis. Using diazoxide (mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K(+) channel opener) and SDS (NADPH oxidase activator), we confirmed that RA suppressed both mitochondrial- and NADPH oxidase-derived ROS. We also observed that both RAR and RXR were involved in preventing Ang II- and stretch-induced ROS production and apoptosis, by using selective retinoid receptor agonists and antagonists. Our data provide the first evidence that RA prevents Ang II and stretch induced apoptosis, by inhibiting ROS generation and increasing the anti-oxidant defense system, suggesting that RA-mediated signaling may provide a new therapeutic target for the prevention of the cardiac remodeling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Choudhary
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas 76504, USA
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Choudhary R, Palm-Leis A, Scott RC, Guleria RS, Rachut E, Baker KM, Pan J. All-trans retinoic acid prevents development of cardiac remodeling in aortic banded rats by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007; 294:H633-44. [PMID: 18156191 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01301.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) on the development of cardiac remodeling in a pressure overload rat model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to sham operation and the aortic constriction procedure. A subgroup of sham control and aortic constricted rats were treated with RA for 5 mo after surgery. Pressure-overloaded rats showed significantly increased interstitial and perivascular fibrosis, heart weight-to-body weight ratio, and gene expression of atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide. Echocardiographic analysis showed that pressure overload induced systolic and diastolic dysfunction, as evidenced by decreased fractional shortening, ejection fraction, stroke volume, and increased E-to-E(a) ratio and isovolumic relaxation time. RA treatment prevented the above changes in cardiac structure and function and hypertrophic gene expression in pressure-overloaded rats. RA restored the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax, inhibited cleavage of caspase-3 and -9, and prevented the decreases in the levels of SOD-1 and SOD-2. Pressure overload-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 was inhibited by RA, via upregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase (MKP)-1 and MKP-2. The pressure overload-induced production of angiotensin II was inhibited by RA via upregulation of expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)2 and through inhibition of the expression of cardiac and renal renin, angiotensinogen, ACE, and angiotensin type 1 receptor. Similar results were observed in cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes in response to static stretch. These results demonstrate that RA has a significant inhibitory effect on pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling, through inhibition of the expression of renin-angiotensin system components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Choudhary
- Department of Renal Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Li B, Yang L, Shen J, Wang C, Jiang Z. The antiproliferative effect of sildenafil on pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells is mediated via upregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 and degradation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation. Anesth Analg 2007; 105:1034-41, table of contents. [PMID: 17898384 DOI: 10.1213/01.ane.0000278736.81133.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension is a group of diseases comprising vascular constriction and by obstructive changes of the pulmonary vasculature. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, e.g., sildenafil, can alleviate vascular remodeling in the monocrotaline pulmonary hypertension model in rats, and inhibit the proliferation of pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro. We examined the ability of sildenafil to inhibit platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced proliferation of porcine pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. METHODS Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation and cell cycle analysis were assessed by MTT assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Western blotting was used to examine protein expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) and phosphorylation level of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2). RESULTS PDGF increased cell proliferation and the percentage of cells in S phase. These effects were inhibited by pretreatment with sildenafil in a dose-dependent manner. Sildenafil (96 microM) also caused a 67% decrease in PDGF-stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Sildenafil inhibition of ERK1/2 was accompanied by a rapid induction of MKP-1. Inhibition of the cGMP-dependent kinase I alpha (cGK I alpha) using Rp-8-BrcGMPS (25 microM) blocked sildenafil-induced MKP-1 expression. Either vanadate (12.5 microM), a phosphatase inhibitor, or Rp-8-BrcGMPS abolished the inhibitory effect of sildenafil on PDGF-stimulated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and restored PDGF-induced cell proliferation. CONCLUSION This study indicates that sildenafil upregulates MKP-1 expression and promotes degradation of phosphorylation of ERK1/2, which suppresses the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Kondoh K, Nishida E. Regulation of MAP kinases by MAP kinase phosphatases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2007; 1773:1227-37. [PMID: 17208316 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2006.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2006] [Revised: 12/05/2006] [Accepted: 12/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
MAP kinase phosphatases (MKPs) catalyze dephosphorylation of activated MAP kinase (MAPK) molecules and deactivate them. Therefore, MKPs play an important role in determining the magnitude and duration of MAPK activities. MKPs constitute a structurally distinct family of dual-specificity phosphatases. The MKP family members share the sequence homology and the preference for MAPK molecules, but they are different in substrate specificity among MAPK molecules, tissue distribution, subcellular localization and inducibility by extracellular stimuli. Our understanding of their protein structure, substrate recognition mechanisms, and regulatory mechanisms of the enzymatic activity has greatly increased over the past few years. Furthermore, although there are a number of MKPs, that have similar substrate specificities, non-redundant roles of MKPs have begun to be identified. Here we focus on recent findings regarding regulation and function of the MKP family members as physiological regulators of MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunio Kondoh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Tephly LA, Carter AB. Differential expression and oxidation of MKP-1 modulates TNF-alpha gene expression. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2007; 37:366-74. [PMID: 17507666 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2006-0268oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytic cells are integral in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders. We have shown previously that asbestos-induced p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation and TNF-alpha expression are mediated by H(2)O(2) in blood monocytes. Due to the high expression and activity of catalase and glutathione peroxidase, normal alveolar macrophages do not respond in a manner similar to that of blood monocytes. Since kinase activity is tightly regulated by phosphatases, we hypothesized that the dual specificity phosphatase MAP kinase phosphatase (MKP)-1 regulates p38 activity and TNF-alpha production in alveolar macrophages due to insufficient H(2)O(2) generation in response to asbestos. We found that MKP-1 was highly expressed in alveolar macrophages, while blood monocytes had minimal expression. Inhibition of expression and activity of MKP-1 or overexpression of a catalytic mutant MKP-1 recovered p38 activity in alveolar macrophages. We questioned whether MKP-1 oxidation played a role dictating the contrasting responses of these cells to asbestos exposure, and found that overexpressed wild-type MKP-1 in monocytes was oxidized, while the mutant MKP-1 remained in the reduced form. Monocytes overexpressing either catalase or wild-type MKP-1 had decreased p38 activation and TNF-alpha production, respectively. In addition, TNF-alpha gene expression was regained in alveolar macrophages overexpressing the catalytic mutant MKP-1. These data suggest that MKP-1, through increased expression and lack of oxidation, modulates the inflammatory response in alveolar macrophages exposed to asbestos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Tephly
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Ren X, Li Y, Ma X, Zheng L, Xu Y, Wang J. Activation of p38/MEF2C pathway by all-trans retinoic acid in cardiac myoblasts. Life Sci 2007; 81:89-96. [PMID: 17568621 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2006] [Revised: 04/07/2007] [Accepted: 04/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C) is a transcription factor particularly expressed in cardiac muscle. While the effects of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) on embryonic heart are well described, the mechanism of atRA action on MEF2C activity in cardiomyocytes is less known. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether and how atRA regulates MEF2C activity in H9c2 rat ventricular cells. Here, our results, obtained from Western blot and protein kinase assays, showed that the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and MEF2C was induced by atRA in H9c2 myocardial cells. And the result from luciferase assays showed that the transactivation activity of MEF2C was upregulated by p38. Furthermore, using confocal microscopy and immunoprecipitation, we found that atRA hastened p38 translocation into nuclei to interact with MEF2C, and SB202190 inhibited nuclear translocation of p38. These results suggest that atRA may mediate p38/MEF2C signaling pathway during heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Ren
- Laboratory of Development Molecular Biology, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, PR China
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Binétruy B, Heasley L, Bost F, Caron L, Aouadi M. Concise Review: Regulation of Embryonic Stem Cell Lineage Commitment by Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases. Stem Cells 2007; 25:1090-5. [PMID: 17218395 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2006-0612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells can give rise, in vivo, to the ectodermal, endodermal, and mesodermal germ layers and, in vitro, can differentiate into multiple cell lineages, offering broad perspectives in regenerative medicine. Understanding the molecular mechanisms governing ES cell commitment is an essential challenge in this field. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38MAPK are able to regulate ES commitment from early steps of the process to mature differentiated cells. Whereas the ERK pathway inhibits the self-renewal of ES cells, upon commitment this pathway is involved in the development of extraembryonic tissues, in early mesoderm differentiation, and in the formation of mature adipocytes; p38MAPK displays a large spectrum of action from neurons to adipocytes, and JNK is involved in both ectoderm and primitive endoderm differentiations. Furthermore, for a given pathway, several of these effects are isoform-dependent, revealing the complexity of the cellular response to activation of MAPK pathways. Regarding tissue regeneration, the potential outcome of systematic analysis of the function of different MAPKs in different ES cell differentiation programs is discussed. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Binétruy
- INSERM, U626, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd J Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
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