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Morito K, Ali H, Kishino S, Tanaka T. Fatty Acid Metabolism in Peroxisomes and Related Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38811487 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2024_802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
One of the functions of peroxisomes is the oxidation of fatty acids (FAs). The importance of this function in our lives is evidenced by the presence of peroxisomal disorders caused by the genetic deletion of proteins involved in these processes. Unlike mitochondrial oxidation, peroxisomal oxidation is not directly linked to ATP production. What is the role of FA oxidation in peroxisomes? Recent studies have revealed that peroxisomes supply the building blocks for lipid synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum and facilitate intracellular carbon recycling for membrane quality control. Accumulation of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), which are peroxisomal substrates, is a diagnostic marker in many types of peroxisomal disorders. However, the relationship between VLCFA accumulation and various symptoms of these disorders remains unclear. Recently, we developed a method for solubilizing VLCFAs in aqueous media and found that VLCFA toxicity could be mitigated by oleic acid replenishment. In this chapter, we present the physiological role of peroxisomal FA oxidation and the knowledge obtained from VLCFA-accumulating peroxisome-deficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Morito
- Laboratory of Environmental Biochemistry, Division of Biological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hanif Ali
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | - Tamotsu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
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2
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Vaz FM, Staps P, van Klinken JB, van Lenthe H, Vervaart M, Wanders RJA, Pras-Raves ML, van Weeghel M, Salomons GS, Ferdinandusse S, Wevers RA, Willemsen MAAP. Discovery of novel diagnostic biomarkers for Sjögren-Larsson syndrome by untargeted lipidomics. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159447. [PMID: 38181883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
AIM Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is a rare neurometabolic disorder that mainly affects brain, eye and skin and is caused by deficiency of fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase. Our recent finding of a profoundly disturbed brain tissue lipidome in SLS prompted us to search for similar biomarkers in plasma as no functional test in blood is available for SLS. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed plasma lipidomics and used a newly developed bioinformatics tool to mine the untargeted part of the SLS plasma and brain lipidome to search for SLS biomarkers. Plasma lipidomics showed disturbed ether lipid metabolism in known lipid classes. Untargeted lipidomics of both plasma and brain (white and grey matter) uncovered two new endogenous lipid classes highly elevated in SLS. The first biomarker group were alkylphosphocholines/ethanolamines containing different lengths of alkyl-chains where some alkylphosphocholines were > 600-fold elevated in SLS plasma. The second group of biomarkers were a set of 5 features of unknown structure. Fragmentation studies suggested that they contain ubiquinol and phosphocholine and one feature was also found as a glucuronide conjugate in plasma. The plasma features were highly distinctive for SLS with levels >100-1000-fold the level in controls, if present at all. We speculate on the origin of the alkylphosphocholines/ethanolamines and the nature of the ubiquinol-containing metabolites. CONCLUSIONS The metabolites identified in this study represent novel endogenous lipid classes thus far unknown in humans. They represent the first plasma metabolite SLS-biomarkers and may also yield more insight into SLS pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric M Vaz
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Inborn errors of metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; United for Metabolic Diseases, the Netherlands.
| | - Pippa Staps
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children's Hospital, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Bert van Klinken
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Henk van Lenthe
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Inborn errors of metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Vervaart
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Inborn errors of metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald J A Wanders
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Inborn errors of metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; United for Metabolic Diseases, the Netherlands
| | - Mia L Pras-Raves
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michel van Weeghel
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Inborn errors of metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gajja S Salomons
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Inborn errors of metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; United for Metabolic Diseases, the Netherlands
| | - Sacha Ferdinandusse
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Inborn errors of metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; United for Metabolic Diseases, the Netherlands
| | - Ron A Wevers
- United for Metabolic Diseases, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Michèl A A P Willemsen
- United for Metabolic Diseases, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children's Hospital, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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3
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Mori K, Naganuma T, Kihara A. Role of 2-hydroxy acyl-CoA lyase HACL2 in odd-chain fatty acid production via α-oxidation in vivo. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar85. [PMID: 37285239 PMCID: PMC10398889 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-02-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although most fatty acids (FAs) are even chain, certain tissues, including brain, contain relatively large quantities of odd-chain FAs in their sphingolipids. One of the pathways producing odd-chain FAs is the α-oxidation of 2-hydroxy (2-OH) FAs, where 2-OH acyl-CoA lyases (HACL1 and HACL2) catalyze the key cleavage reaction. However, the contribution of each HACL to odd-chain FA production in vivo remains unknown. Here, we found that HACL2 and HACL1 play major roles in the α-oxidation of 2-OH FAs (especially very-long-chain types) and 3-methyl FAs (other α-oxidation substrates), respectively, using ectopic expression systems of human HACL2 and HACL1 in yeast and analyzing Hacl1 and/or Hacl2 knockout (KO) CHO-K1 cells. We then generated Hacl2 KO mice and measured the quantities of odd-chain and 2-OH lipids (free FAs and sphingolipids [ceramides, sphingomyelins, and monohexosylceramides]) in 17 tissues. We observed fewer odd-chain lipids and more 2-OH lipids in many tissues of Hacl2 KO mice than in wild-type mice, and of these differences the reductions were most prominent for odd-chain monohexosylceramides in the brain and ceramides in the stomach. These results indicate that HACL2-involved α-oxidation of 2-OH FAs is mainly responsible for odd-chain FA production in the brain and stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Mori
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Naganuma
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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4
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Kaya I, Nilsson A, Luptáková D, He Y, Vallianatou T, Bjärterot P, Svenningsson P, Bezard E, Andrén PE. Spatial lipidomics reveals brain region-specific changes of sulfatides in an experimental MPTP Parkinson's disease primate model. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:118. [PMID: 37495571 PMCID: PMC10372136 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism of MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) to the neurotoxin MPP+ in the brain causes permanent Parkinson's disease-like symptoms by destroying dopaminergic neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra in humans and non-human primates. However, the complete molecular pathology underlying MPTP-induced parkinsonism remains poorly understood. We used dual polarity matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging to thoroughly image numerous glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids in coronal brain tissue sections of MPTP-lesioned and control non-human primate brains (Macaca mulatta). The results revealed specific distributions of several sulfatide lipid molecules based on chain-length, number of double bonds, and importantly, hydroxylation stage. More specifically, certain long-chain hydroxylated sulfatides with polyunsaturated chains in the molecular structure were depleted within motor-related brain regions in the MPTP-lesioned animals, e.g., external and internal segments of globus pallidus and substantia nigra pars reticulata. In contrast, certain long-chain non-hydroxylated sulfatides were found to be elevated within the same brain regions. These findings demonstrate region-specific dysregulation of sulfatide metabolism within the MPTP-lesioned macaque brain. The depletion of long-chain hydroxylated sulfatides in the MPTP-induced pathology indicates oxidative stress and oligodendrocyte/myelin damage within the pathologically relevant brain regions. Hence, the presented findings improve our current understanding of the molecular pathology of MPTP-induced parkinsonism within primate brains, and provide a basis for further research regarding the role of dysregulated sulfatide metabolism in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Kaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Nilsson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dominika Luptáková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yachao He
- Section of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Theodosia Vallianatou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrik Bjärterot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Section of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erwan Bezard
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Per E Andrén
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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5
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Ranea-Robles P, Houten SM. The biochemistry and physiology of long-chain dicarboxylic acid metabolism. Biochem J 2023; 480:607-627. [PMID: 37140888 PMCID: PMC10214252 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial β-oxidation is the most prominent pathway for fatty acid oxidation but alternative oxidative metabolism exists. Fatty acid ω-oxidation is one of these pathways and forms dicarboxylic acids as products. These dicarboxylic acids are metabolized through peroxisomal β-oxidation representing an alternative pathway, which could potentially limit the toxic effects of fatty acid accumulation. Although dicarboxylic acid metabolism is highly active in liver and kidney, its role in physiology has not been explored in depth. In this review, we summarize the biochemical mechanism of the formation and degradation of dicarboxylic acids through ω- and β-oxidation, respectively. We will discuss the role of dicarboxylic acids in different (patho)physiological states with a particular focus on the role of the intermediates and products generated through peroxisomal β-oxidation. This review is expected to increase the understanding of dicarboxylic acid metabolism and spark future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ranea-Robles
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sander M Houten
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, U.S.A
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6
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Fatty Acid 2-Hydroxylase and 2-Hydroxylated Sphingolipids: Metabolism and Function in Health and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054908. [PMID: 36902339 PMCID: PMC10002949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids containing acyl residues that are hydroxylated at C-2 are found in most, if not all, eukaryotes and certain bacteria. 2-hydroxylated sphingolipids are present in many organs and cell types, though they are especially abundant in myelin and skin. The enzyme fatty acid 2-hydroxylase (FA2H) is involved in the synthesis of many but not all 2-hydroxylated sphingolipids. Deficiency in FA2H causes a neurodegenerative disease known as hereditary spastic paraplegia 35 (HSP35/SPG35) or fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration (FAHN). FA2H likely also plays a role in other diseases. A low expression level of FA2H correlates with a poor prognosis in many cancers. This review presents an updated overview of the metabolism and function of 2-hydroxylated sphingolipids and the FA2H enzyme under physiological conditions and in diseases.
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7
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Kareem O, Nisar S, Tanvir M, Muzaffer U, Bader GN. Thiamine deficiency in pregnancy and lactation: implications and present perspectives. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1080611. [PMID: 37153911 PMCID: PMC10158844 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1080611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, many physiologic changes occur in order to accommodate fetal growth. These changes require an increase in many of the nutritional needs to prevent long-term consequences for both mother and the offspring. One of the main vitamins that are needed throughout the pregnancy is thiamine (vitamin B1) which is a water-soluble vitamin that plays an important role in many metabolic and physiologic processes in the human body. Thiamine deficiency during pregnancy can cause can have many cardiac, neurologic, and psychological effects on the mother. It can also dispose the fetus to gastrointestinal, pulmonological, cardiac, and neurologic conditions. This paper reviews the recently published literature about thiamine and its physiologic roles, thiamine deficiency in pregnancy, its prevalence, its impact on infants and subsequent consequences in them. This review also highlights the knowledge gaps within these topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozaifa Kareem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
- *Correspondence: Ozaifa Kareem, ,
| | - Sobia Nisar
- Department of Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, India
| | - Masood Tanvir
- Department of Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, India
| | - Umar Muzaffer
- Department of Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, India
| | - G. N. Bader
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
- G. N. Bader,
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8
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Beteta-Göbel R, Miralles M, Fernández-Díaz J, Rodríguez-Lorca R, Torres M, Fernández-García P, Escribá PV, Lladó V. HCA (2-Hydroxy-Docosahexaenoic Acid) Induces Apoptosis and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9902. [PMID: 36077299 PMCID: PMC9456069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has a high mortality rate due to its aggressive nature and high metastatic rate. When coupled to the difficulties in detecting this type of tumor early and the lack of effective treatments, this cancer is currently one of the most important clinical challenges in the field of oncology. Melitherapy is an innovative therapeutic approach that is based on modifying the composition and structure of cell membranes to treat different diseases, including cancers. In this context, 2-hydroxycervonic acid (HCA) is a melitherapeutic agent developed to combat pancreatic cancer cells, provoking the programmed cell death by apoptosis of these cells by inducing ER stress and triggering the production of ROS species. The efficacy of HCA was demonstrated in vivo, alone and in combination with gemcitabine, using a MIA PaCa-2 cell xenograft model of pancreatic cancer in which no apparent toxicity was evident. HCA is metabolized by α-oxidation to C21:5n-3 (heneicosapentaenoic acid), which in turn also showed anti-proliferative effect in these cells. Given the unmet clinical needs associated with pancreatic cancer, the data presented here suggest that the use of HCA merits further study as a potential therapy for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Beteta-Göbel
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- R&D Department, Laminar Pharmaceuticals, C/Isaac Newton, 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Marc Miralles
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- R&D Department, Laminar Pharmaceuticals, C/Isaac Newton, 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández-Díaz
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- R&D Department, Laminar Pharmaceuticals, C/Isaac Newton, 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Raquel Rodríguez-Lorca
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- R&D Department, Laminar Pharmaceuticals, C/Isaac Newton, 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Manuel Torres
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Paula Fernández-García
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- R&D Department, Laminar Pharmaceuticals, C/Isaac Newton, 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Pablo V. Escribá
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Victoria Lladó
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- R&D Department, Laminar Pharmaceuticals, C/Isaac Newton, 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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9
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Bartolacci C, Andreani C, Vale G, Berto S, Melegari M, Crouch AC, Baluya DL, Kemble G, Hodges K, Starrett J, Politi K, Starnes SL, Lorenzini D, Raso MG, Solis Soto LM, Behrens C, Kadara H, Gao B, Wistuba II, Minna JD, McDonald JG, Scaglioni PP. Targeting de novo lipogenesis and the Lands cycle induces ferroptosis in KRAS-mutant lung cancer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4327. [PMID: 35882862 PMCID: PMC9325712 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31963-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutant KRAS (KM), the most common oncogene in lung cancer (LC), regulates fatty acid (FA) metabolism. However, the role of FA in LC tumorigenesis is still not sufficiently characterized. Here, we show that KMLC has a specific lipid profile, with high triacylglycerides and phosphatidylcholines (PC). We demonstrate that FASN, the rate-limiting enzyme in FA synthesis, while being dispensable in EGFR-mutant or wild-type KRAS LC, is required for the viability of KMLC cells. Integrating lipidomic, transcriptomic and functional analyses, we demonstrate that FASN provides saturated and monounsaturated FA to the Lands cycle, the process remodeling oxidized phospholipids, such as PC. Accordingly, blocking either FASN or the Lands cycle in KMLC, promotes ferroptosis, a reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and iron-dependent cell death, characterized by the intracellular accumulation of oxidation-prone PC. Our work indicates that KM dictates a dependency on newly synthesized FA to escape ferroptosis, establishing a targetable vulnerability in KMLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Bartolacci
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | - Cristina Andreani
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | - Gonçalo Vale
- Center for Human Nutrition, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Stefano Berto
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Margherita Melegari
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | - Anna Colleen Crouch
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dodge L Baluya
- Tissue Imaging and Proteomics Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | | | - Kurt Hodges
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | | | - Katerina Politi
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sandra L Starnes
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | - Daniele Lorenzini
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriela Raso
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luisa M Solis Soto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carmen Behrens
- Department of Thoracic H&N Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Humam Kadara
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Boning Gao
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John D Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jeffrey G McDonald
- Center for Human Nutrition, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Scaglioni
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA.
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10
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Paul F, Ng C, Mohamad Sahari UB, Nafissi S, Nilipoor Y, Tavasoli AR, Bonnard C, Wong PM, Nabavizadeh N, Altunoğlu U, Estiar MA, Majoie CB, Lee H, Nelson SF, Gan-Or Z, Rouleau GA, Van Veldhoven PP, Massie R, Hennekam RC, Kariminejad A, Reversade B. RABENOSYN separation-of-function mutations uncouple endosomal recycling from lysosomal degradation, causing a distinct Mendelian Disorder. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:3729-3740. [PMID: 35652444 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabenosyn (RBSN) is a conserved endosomal protein necessary for regulating internalized cargo. Here, we present clinical, genetic, cellular and biochemical evidence that two distinct RBSN missense variants are responsible for a novel Mendelian disorder consisting of progressive muscle weakness, facial dysmorphisms, ophthalmoplegia and intellectual disability. Using exome sequencing, we identified recessively-acting germline alleles p.Arg180Gly and p.Gly183Arg which are both situated in the FYVE domain of RBSN. We find that these variants abrogate binding to its cognate substrate PI3P and thus prevent its translocation to early endosomes. Although the endosomal recycling pathway was unaltered, mutant p.Gly183Arg patient fibroblasts exhibit accumulation of cargo tagged for lysosomal degradation. Our results suggest that these variants are separation-of-function alleles, which cause a delay in endosomal maturation without affecting cargo recycling. We conclude that distinct germline mutations in RBSN cause non-overlapping phenotypes with specific and discrete endolysosomal cellular defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Paul
- Laboratory of Human Genetics & Therapeutics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Calista Ng
- Laboratory of Human Genetics & Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Umar Bin Mohamad Sahari
- Laboratory of Human Genetics & Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Shahriar Nafissi
- Department of Neurology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yalda Nilipoor
- Pediatric Pathology Research Centre, Research Institute for Children Health, Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Tavasoli
- Myelin Disorders Clinic, Pediatric Neurology Division, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University Of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Carine Bonnard
- Model Development, A*STAR Skin Research Labs (ASRL), Singapore
| | - Pui-Mun Wong
- Laboratory of Human Genetics & Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Nasrinsadat Nabavizadeh
- Laboratory of Human Genetics & Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), A*STAR, Singapore
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Umut Altunoğlu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehrdad A Estiar
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Charles B Majoie
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hane Lee
- 3billion Inc., Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stanley F Nelson
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Paul P Van Veldhoven
- Laboratory of Lipid Biochemistry and Protein Interactions (LIPIT), Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rami Massie
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Raoul C Hennekam
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bruno Reversade
- Laboratory of Human Genetics & Therapeutics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Singapore
- Laboratory of Human Genetics & Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), A*STAR, Singapore
- Department of Medical Genetics, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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11
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Biological Properties of Vitamins of the B-Complex, Part 1: Vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B5. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030484. [PMID: 35276844 PMCID: PMC8839250 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the current knowledge on essential vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B5. These B-complex vitamins must be taken from diet, with the exception of vitamin B3, that can also be synthetized from amino acid tryptophan. All of these vitamins are water soluble, which determines their main properties, namely: they are partly lost when food is washed or boiled since they migrate to the water; the requirement of membrane transporters for their permeation into the cells; and their safety since any excess is rapidly eliminated via the kidney. The therapeutic use of B-complex vitamins is mostly limited to hypovitaminoses or similar conditions, but, as they are generally very safe, they have also been examined in other pathological conditions. Nicotinic acid, a form of vitamin B3, is the only exception because it is a known hypolipidemic agent in gram doses. The article also sums up: (i) the current methods for detection of the vitamins of the B-complex in biological fluids; (ii) the food and other sources of these vitamins including the effect of common processing and storage methods on their content; and (iii) their physiological function.
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12
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Voronkov AS, Ivanova TV, Kumachova TK. The features of the fatty acid composition of Pyrus L. total lipids are determined by mountain ecosystem conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 170:350-363. [PMID: 34959055 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The composition of fatty acids (FAs) of total lipids of pericarp, seeds, and leaves of Pyrus caucasica Fed. and Pyrus communis L. growing in mountain ecosystems at different altitudes (300, 700 and 1200 m) was studied. It was found that the greatest differences in the relative content of FAs within a species, depending on the altitudes above sea level, were characteristic of the outer tissues of the pericarp (peel) and leaves, which were in direct contact with the external environment. Pericarp parenchyma to a lesser extent, and seeds practically did not differ in FA composition at different heights. At altitudes with increased UV radiation, conjugated octadecadienoates: rumenic acid (9,11-18:2) and 10,12-18:2 were registered in the pericarp and leaf of Purys L., the functions of which in plants were practically not studied. The wild P. caucasica at all growing altitudes was characterized by more very-long-chain FAs (VLCFAs) than the P. communis cultivar. At 700 m, most likely when exposed to fungal infections, the relative number of VLCFAs increased significantly, and new species of individual odd-chaine FAs appeared in their composition in both representatives. It was especially worth noting the appearance in peel and leaf melissic acid (30:0), which was rarely recorded in the plant. A characteristic feature of only P. communis at an altitude of 700 m was the large number of unsaturated individual VLCFAs. Based on the data obtained, a scheme of possible pathways for VLCFA biosynthesis in P. communis were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Voronkov
- K. A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, 35 Botanicheskaya St, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
| | - Tatiana V Ivanova
- K. A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, 35 Botanicheskaya St, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Tamara K Kumachova
- Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 49 Timiryazevskaya St, Moscow, 127550, Russia
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13
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Abdoul-Aziz SKA, Zhang Y, Wang J. Milk Odd and Branched Chain Fatty Acids in Dairy Cows: A Review on Dietary Factors and Its Consequences on Human Health. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3210. [PMID: 34827941 PMCID: PMC8614267 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the importance of odd and branched chain fatty acids (OBCFAs) and dietary factors that may affect the content of milk OBCFAs in dairy cows. Historically, OBCFAs in cow milk had little significance due to their low concentrations compared to other milk fatty acids (FAs). The primary source of OBCFAs is ruminal bacteria. In general, FAs and OBCFAs profile in milk is mainly affected by dietary FAs and FAs metabolism in the rumen. Additionally, lipid mobilization in the body and FAs metabolism in mammary glands affect the milk OBCFAs profile. In cows, supplementation with fat rich in linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid decrease milk OBCFAs content, whereas supplementation with marine algae or fish oil increase milk OBCFAs content. Feeding more forage rather than concentrate increases the yield of some OBCFAs in milk. A high grass silage rate in the diet may increase milk total OBCFAs. In contrast to saturated FAs, OBCFAs have beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases and type II diabetes. Furthermore, OBCFAs may have anti-cancer properties and prevent Alzheimer's disease and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China; (S.K.A.A.-A.); (Y.Z.)
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14
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Wouters CP, Toquet MP, Renaud B, François AC, Fortier-Guillaume J, Marcillaud-Pitel C, Boemer F, De Tullio P, Richard EA, Votion DM. Metabolomic Signatures Discriminate Horses with Clinical Signs of Atypical Myopathy from Healthy Co-grazing Horses. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:4681-4692. [PMID: 34435779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Atypical myopathy (AM) is a severe rhabdomyolysis syndrome that occurs in grazing horses. Despite the presence of toxins in their blood, all horses from the same pasture are not prone to display clinical signs of AM. The objective of this study was to compare the blood metabolomic profiles of horses with AM clinical signs with those of healthy co-grazing (Co-G) horses. To do so, plasma samples from 5 AM horses and 11 Co-G horses were investigated using untargeted metabolomics. Metabolomic data were evaluated using unsupervised, supervised, and pathway analyses. Unsupervised principal component analysis performed with all detected features separated AM and healthy Co-G horses. Supervised analyses had identified 1276 features showing differential expression between both groups. Among them, 46 metabolites, belonging predominantly to the fatty acid, fatty ester, and amino acid chemical classes, were identified by standard comparison. Fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, organic dicarboxylic acids, and fatty esters were detected with higher intensities in AM horses in link with the toxins' pathological mechanism. The main relevant pathways were lipid metabolism; valine, leucine, and isoleucine metabolism; and glycine metabolism. This study revealed characteristic metabolite changes in the plasma of clinically affected horses, which might ultimately help scientists and field veterinarians to detect and manage AM. The raw data of metabolomics are available in the MetaboLights database with the access number MTBLS2579.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clovis P Wouters
- LABÉO (Frank Duncombe), 1 route de Rosel, 14053 Caen Cedex 4, France.,Normandie Université, UniCaen, EA7450 Biotargen, 3 rue Nelson Mandela, 14280 Saint-Contest, France.,Equine Pole, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.,Pommier-Nutrition, 28170 Châteauneuf-en-Thymerais, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Toquet
- LABÉO (Frank Duncombe), 1 route de Rosel, 14053 Caen Cedex 4, France.,Normandie Université, UniCaen, EA7450 Biotargen, 3 rue Nelson Mandela, 14280 Saint-Contest, France
| | - Benoit Renaud
- Service of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Functional Sciences, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Anne-Christine François
- Service of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Functional Sciences, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | | | | | - François Boemer
- Biochemical Genetics Lab, Department of Human Genetics, CHU of Liege, University of Liege, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pascal De Tullio
- Center of Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, Metabolomics group, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Eric A Richard
- LABÉO (Frank Duncombe), 1 route de Rosel, 14053 Caen Cedex 4, France.,Normandie Université, UniCaen, EA7450 Biotargen, 3 rue Nelson Mandela, 14280 Saint-Contest, France
| | - Dominique-Marie Votion
- Equine Pole, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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15
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The Novel Antitumor Compound HCA Promotes Glioma Cell Death by Inducing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174290. [PMID: 34503102 PMCID: PMC8428344 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive type of primary brain tumor in adults, and the median survival of patients with GBM is 14.5 months. Melitherapy is an innovative therapeutic approach to treat different diseases, including cancer, and it is based on the regulation of cell membrane composition and structure, which modulates relevant signal pathways. Here, we have tested the effects of 2-hydroxycervonic acid (HCA) on GBM cells and xenograft tumors. HCA was taken up by cells and it compromised the survival of several human GBM cell lines in vitro, as well as the in vivo growth of xenograft tumors (mice) derived from these cells. HCA appeared to enhance ER stress/UPR signaling, which consequently induced autophagic cell death of the GBM tumor cells. This negative effect of HCA on GBM cells may be mediated by the JNK/c-Jun/CHOP/BiP axis, and it also seems to be provoked by the cellular metabolite of HCA, C21:5n-3 (heneicosapentaenoic acid). These results demonstrate the efficacy of the melitherapeutic treatment used and the potential of using C21:5n-3 as an efficacy biomarker for this treatment. Given the safety profile in animal models, the data presented here provide evidence that HCA warrants further clinical study as a potential therapy for GBM, currently an important unmet medical need.
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16
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Nattermann M, Burgener S, Pfister P, Chou A, Schulz L, Lee SH, Paczia N, Zarzycki J, Gonzalez R, Erb TJ. Engineering a Highly Efficient Carboligase for Synthetic One-Carbon Metabolism. ACS Catal 2021; 11:5396-5404. [PMID: 34484855 PMCID: PMC8411744 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
![]()
One of the biggest
challenges to realize a circular carbon economy
is the synthesis of complex carbon compounds from one-carbon (C1)
building blocks. Since the natural solution space of C1–C1
condensations is limited to highly complex enzymes, the development
of more simple and robust biocatalysts may facilitate the engineering
of C1 assimilation routes. Thiamine diphosphate-dependent enzymes
harbor great potential for this task, due to their ability to create
C–C bonds. Here, we employed structure-guided iterative saturation
mutagenesis to convert oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase (OXC) from Methylobacterium extorquens into a glycolyl-CoA synthase
(GCS) that allows for the direct condensation of the two C1 units
formyl-CoA and formaldehyde. A quadruple variant MeOXC4 showed a 100 000-fold
switch between OXC and GCS activities, a 200-fold increase in the
GCS activity compared to the wild type, and formaldehyde affinity
that is comparable to natural formaldehyde-converting enzymes. Notably,
MeOCX4 outcompetes all other natural and engineered enzymes for C1–C1
condensations by more than 40-fold in catalytic efficiency and is
highly soluble in Escherichia coli.
In addition to the increased GCS activity, MeOXC4 showed up to 300-fold
higher activity than the wild type toward a broad range of carbonyl
acceptor substrates. When applied in vivo, MeOXC4 enables the production
of glycolate from formaldehyde, overcoming the current bottleneck
of C1–C1 condensation in whole-cell bioconversions and paving
the way toward synthetic C1 assimilation routes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Nattermann
- Department of Biochemistry & Synthetic Metabolism, Max-Planck-Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 10, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Simon Burgener
- Department of Biochemistry & Synthetic Metabolism, Max-Planck-Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 10, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Pfister
- Department of Biochemistry & Synthetic Metabolism, Max-Planck-Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 10, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Chou
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Luca Schulz
- Department of Biochemistry & Synthetic Metabolism, Max-Planck-Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 10, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Seung Hwan Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Nicole Paczia
- Department of Biochemistry & Synthetic Metabolism, Max-Planck-Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 10, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jan Zarzycki
- Department of Biochemistry & Synthetic Metabolism, Max-Planck-Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 10, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Ramon Gonzalez
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Tobias J. Erb
- Department of Biochemistry & Synthetic Metabolism, Max-Planck-Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 10, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), 35043 Marburg, Germany
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17
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Sphingolipids and physical function in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1169. [PMID: 33441925 PMCID: PMC7806657 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80929-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain sphingomyelins (SMs) may play an important role in the stability of myelin sheath underlying physical function. The objective of this study was to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of long-chain SMs [SM (41:1), SM (41:2), SM (43:1)] and ceramides [Cer (41:1) and Cer (43:1)] with physical function in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Plasma concentrations of SM (41:1), SM (41:2), SM (43:1), Cer (41:1) and Cer (43:1) were measured in 389 ARIC participants in 2011-13. Physical function was assessed by grip strength, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), 4-m walking speed at both 2011-13 and 2016-17, and the modified Rosow-Breslau questionnaire in 2016-2017. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were performed, controlling for demographic and clinical confounders. In cross-sectional analyses, plasma concentrations of SM 41:1 were positively associated with SPPB score (β-coefficients [95% confidence internal]: 0.33 [0.02, 0.63] per 1 standard deviation [SD] increase in log-transformed concentration, p value 0.04), 4-m walking speed (0.042 m/s [0.01, 0.07], p value 0.003), and negatively with self-reported disability (odds ratio = 0.73 [0.65, 0.82], p value < 0.0001). Plasma concentrations of the five metabolites examined were not significantly associated with longitudinal changes in physical function or incidence of poor mobility. In older adults, plasma concentrations of long-chain SM 41:1 were cross-sectionally positively associated with physical function.
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18
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Deb R, Joshi N, Nagotu S. Peroxisomes of the Brain: Distribution, Functions, and Associated Diseases. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:986-1006. [PMID: 33400183 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are versatile cell organelles that exhibit a repertoire of organism and cell-type dependent functions. The presence of oxidases and antioxidant enzymes is a characteristic feature of these organelles. The role of peroxisomes in various cell types in human health and disease is under investigation. Defects in the biogenesis of the organelle and its function lead to severe debilitating disorders. In this manuscript, we discuss the distribution and functions of peroxisomes in the nervous system and especially in the brain cells. The important peroxisomal functions in these cells and their role in the pathology of associated disorders such as neurodegeneration are highlighted in recent studies. Although the cause of the pathogenesis of these disorders is still not clearly understood, emerging evidence supports a crucial role of peroxisomes. In this review, we discuss research highlighting the role of peroxisomes in brain development and its function. We also provide an overview of the major findings in recent years that highlight the role of peroxisome dysfunction in various associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachayeeta Deb
- Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Neha Joshi
- Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Shirisha Nagotu
- Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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19
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Staps P, Rizzo WB, Vaz FM, Bugiani M, Giera M, Heijs B, van Kampen AHC, Pras‐Raves ML, Breur M, Groen A, Ferdinandusse S, van der Graaf M, Van Goethem G, Lammens M, Wevers RA, Willemsen MAAP. Disturbed brain ether lipid metabolism and histology in Sjögren-Larsson syndrome. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:1265-1278. [PMID: 32557630 PMCID: PMC7689726 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is a rare neurometabolic syndrome caused by deficient fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase. Patients exhibit intellectual disability, spastic paraplegia, and ichthyosis. The accumulation of fatty alcohols and fatty aldehydes has been demonstrated in plasma and skin but never in brain. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy studies, however, have shown an abundant lipid peak in the white matter of patients with SLS, suggesting lipid accumulation in the brain as well. Using histopathology, mass spectrometry imaging, and lipidomics, we studied the morphology and the lipidome of a postmortem brain of a 65-year-old female patient with genetically confirmed SLS and compared the results with a matched control brain. Histopathological analyses revealed structural white matter abnormalities with the presence of small lipid droplets, deficient myelin, and astrogliosis. Biochemically, severely disturbed lipid profiles were found in both white and gray matter of the SLS brain, with accumulation of fatty alcohols and ether lipids. Particularly, long-chain unsaturated ether lipid species accumulated, most prominently in white matter. Also, there was a striking accumulation of odd-chain fatty alcohols and odd-chain ether(phospho)lipids. Our results suggest that the central nervous system involvement in SLS is caused by the accumulation of fatty alcohols leading to a disbalance between ether lipid and glycero(phospho)lipid metabolism resulting in a profoundly disrupted brain lipidome. Our data show that SLS is not a pure leukoencephalopathy, but also a gray matter disease. Additionally, the histopathological abnormalities suggest that astrocytes and microglia might play a pivotal role in the underlying disease mechanism, possibly contributing to the impairment of myelin maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pippa Staps
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Radboud university medical center, Amalia Children's Hospital, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and BehaviourNijmegenNetherlands
| | - William B. Rizzo
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research InstituteUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Frédéric M. Vaz
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam Gastroenterology & MetabolismAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Marianna Bugiani
- Department of PathologyVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics & MetabolomicsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenNetherlands
| | - Bram Heijs
- Center for Proteomics & MetabolomicsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenNetherlands
| | - Antoine H. C. van Kampen
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamNetherlands
- Biosystems Data Analysis, Swammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Mia L. Pras‐Raves
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam Gastroenterology & MetabolismAmsterdamNetherlands
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Marjolein Breur
- Department of PathologyVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Annemieke Groen
- Department of PathologyVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Sacha Ferdinandusse
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam Gastroenterology & MetabolismAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Marinette van der Graaf
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenNetherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical CenterAmalia Children's HospitalNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Gert Van Goethem
- Het GielsBos, Gierle, Belgium and Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital of Antwerp (UZA)AntwerpBelgium
- Department of Pathology Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, and Laboratory of Neuropathology, Born‐Bunge InstituteUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Martin Lammens
- Department of Pathology Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, and Laboratory of Neuropathology, Born‐Bunge InstituteUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Ron A. Wevers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic LaboratoryRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Michèl A. A. P. Willemsen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Radboud university medical center, Amalia Children's Hospital, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and BehaviourNijmegenNetherlands
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20
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Sato A, Ohhara Y, Miura S, Yamakawa-Kobayashi K. The presence of odd-chain fatty acids in Drosophila phospholipids. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:2139-2148. [PMID: 32633700 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1790337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Most fatty acids in phospholipids and other lipid species carry an even number of carbon atoms. Also odd-chain fatty acids (OCFAs), such as C15:0 and C17:0, are widespread throughout the living organism. However, the qualitative and quantitative profiles of OCFAs-containing lipids in living organisms remain unclear. Here, we show that OCFAs are present in Drosophila phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and that their level increases in accordance with progression of growth. Furthermore, we found that food-derived propionic acid/propanoic acid (C3:0) is utilized for production of OCFA-containing PC and PE. This study provides the basis for understanding in vivo function of OCFA-containing phospholipids in development and lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Sato
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuya Ohhara
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka, Japan.,School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka, Japan.,Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shinji Miura
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka, Japan.,School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kimiko Yamakawa-Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka, Japan.,School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka, Japan
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21
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Rohwerder T, Rohde MT, Jehmlich N, Purswani J. Actinobacterial Degradation of 2-Hydroxyisobutyric Acid Proceeds via Acetone and Formyl-CoA by Employing a Thiamine-Dependent Lyase Reaction. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:691. [PMID: 32351493 PMCID: PMC7176365 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tertiary branched short-chain 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid (2-HIBA) has been associated with several metabolic diseases and lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation seems to be a common eukaryotic as well as prokaryotic post-translational modification in proteins. In contrast, the underlying 2-HIBA metabolism has thus far only been detected in a few microorganisms, such as the betaproteobacterium Aquincola tertiaricarbonis L108 and the Bacillus group bacterium Kyrpidia tusciae DSM 2912. In these strains, 2-HIBA can be specifically activated to the corresponding CoA thioester by the 2-HIBA-CoA ligase (HCL) and is then isomerized to 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA in a reversible and B12-dependent mutase reaction. Here, we demonstrate that the actinobacterial strain Actinomycetospora chiangmaiensis DSM 45062 degrades 2-HIBA and also its precursor 2-methylpropane-1,2-diol via acetone and formic acid by employing a thiamine pyrophosphate-dependent lyase. The corresponding gene is located directly upstream of hcl, which has previously been found only in operonic association with the 2-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA mutase genes in other bacteria. Heterologous expression of the lyase gene from DSM 45062 in E. coli established a 2-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA lyase activity in the latter. In line with this, analysis of the DSM 45062 proteome reveals a strong induction of the lyase-HCL gene cluster on 2-HIBA. Acetone is likely degraded via hydroxylation to acetol catalyzed by a MimABCD-related binuclear iron monooxygenase and formic acid appears to be oxidized to CO2 by selenium-dependent dehydrogenases. The presence of the lyase-HCL gene cluster in isoprene-degrading Rhodococcus strains and Pseudonocardia associated with tropical leafcutter ant species points to a role in degradation of biogenic short-chain ketones and highly branched organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thore Rohwerder
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria-Teresa Rohde
- Institut für Chemie - Biophysikalische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Nico Jehmlich
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jessica Purswani
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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22
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Mori K, Obara T, Seki N, Miyamoto M, Naganuma T, Kitamura T, Kihara A. Catalytic residues, substrate specificity, and role in carbon starvation of the 2-hydroxy FA dioxygenase Mpo1 in yeast. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:1104-1114. [PMID: 32350077 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120000803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The yeast protein Mpo1 belongs to a protein family that is widely conserved in bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and plants, and is the only protein of this family whose function has so far been elucidated. Mpo1 is an Fe2+-dependent dioxygenase that catalyzes the α-oxidation reaction of 2-hydroxy (2-OH) long-chain FAs (LCFAs) produced in the degradation pathway of the long-chain base phytosphingosine. However, several biochemical characteristics of Mpo1, such as its catalytic residues, membrane topology, and substrate specificity, remain unclear. Here, we report that yeast Mpo1 contains two transmembrane domains and that both its N- and C-terminal regions are exposed to the cytosol. Mutational analyses revealed that three histidine residues conserved in the Mpo1 family are especially important for Mpo1 activity, suggesting that they may be responsible for the formation of coordinate bonds with Fe2+ We found that, in addition to activity toward 2-OH LCFAs, Mpo1 also exhibits activity toward 2-OH very-long-chain FAs derived from the FA moiety of sphingolipids. These results indicate that Mpo1 is involved in the metabolism of long-chain to very-long-chain 2-OH FAs produced in different pathways. We noted that the growth of mpo1Δ cells is delayed upon carbon deprivation, suggesting that the Mpo1-mediated conversion of 2-OH FAs to nonhydroxy FAs is important for utilizing 2-OH FAs as a carbon source under carbon starvation. Our findings help to elucidate the as yet unknown functions and activities of other Mpo1 family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Mori
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takashi Obara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Naoya Seki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Miyamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Naganuma
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takuya Kitamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan. mailto:
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23
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Oxalyl‐CoA Decarboxylase katalysiert die nukleophile ein‐Kohlenstoff‐Verlängerung von Aldehyden zu chiralen α‐Hydroxysäuren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Parets S, Irigoyen Á, Ordinas M, Cabot J, Miralles M, Arbona L, Péter M, Balogh G, Fernández-García P, Busquets X, Lladó V, Escribá PV, Torres M. 2-Hydroxy-Docosahexaenoic Acid Is Converted Into Heneicosapentaenoic Acid via α-Oxidation: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:164. [PMID: 32292781 PMCID: PMC7122748 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with as yet no efficient therapies, the pathophysiology of which is still largely unclear. Many drugs and therapies have been designed and developed in the past decade to stop or slow down this neurodegenerative process, although none has successfully terminated a phase-III clinical trial in humans. Most therapies have been inspired by the amyloid cascade hypothesis, which has more recently come under question due to the almost complete failure of clinical trials of anti-amyloid/tau therapies to date. To shift the perspective for the design of new AD therapies, membrane lipid therapy has been tested, which assumes that brain lipid alterations lie upstream in the pathophysiology of AD. A hydroxylated derivative of docosahexaenoic acid was used, 2-hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA-H), which has been tested in a number of animal models and has shown efficacy against hallmarks of AD pathology. Here, for the first time, DHA-H is shown to undergo α-oxidation to generate the heneicosapentaenoic acid (HPA, C21:5, n-3) metabolite, an odd-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid that accumulates in cell cultures, mouse blood plasma and brain tissue upon DHA-H treatment, reaching higher concentrations than those of DHA-H itself. Interestingly, DHA-H does not share metabolic routes with its natural analog DHA (C22:6, n-3) but rather, DHA-H and DHA accumulate distinctly, both having different effects on cell fatty acid composition. This is partly explained because DHA-H α-hydroxyl group provokes steric hindrance on fatty acid carbon 1, which in turn leads to diminished incorporation into cell lipids and accumulation as free fatty acid in cell membranes. Finally, DHA-H administration to mice elevated the brain HPA levels, which was directly and positively correlated with cognitive spatial scores in AD mice, apparently in the absence of DHA-H and without any significant change in brain DHA levels. Thus, the evidence presented in this work suggest that the metabolic conversion of DHA-H into HPA could represent a key event in the therapeutic effects of DHA-H against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastià Parets
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences and Neurology, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ángel Irigoyen
- Instrumental Techniques Laboratory, DDUNAV-Drug Development Unit-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Margarita Ordinas
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Joan Cabot
- Department of Neurosciences and Neurology, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Marc Miralles
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences and Neurology, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Laura Arbona
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Mária Péter
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Balogh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Paula Fernández-García
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences and Neurology, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Xavier Busquets
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Victoria Lladó
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences and Neurology, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Pablo V Escribá
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences and Neurology, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Manuel Torres
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences and Neurology, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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25
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Burgener S, Cortina NS, Erb TJ. Oxalyl-CoA Decarboxylase Enables Nucleophilic One-Carbon Extension of Aldehydes to Chiral α-Hydroxy Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5526-5530. [PMID: 31894608 PMCID: PMC7154664 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of complex molecules from simple, renewable carbon units is the goal of a sustainable economy. Here we explored the biocatalytic potential of the thiamine-diphosphate-dependent (ThDP) oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase (OXC)/2-hydroxyacyl-CoA lyase (HACL) superfamily that naturally catalyzes the shortening of acyl-CoA thioester substrates through the release of the C1 -unit formyl-CoA. We show that the OXC/HACL superfamily contains promiscuous members that can be reversed to perform nucleophilic C1 -extensions of various aldehydes to yield the corresponding 2-hydroxyacyl-CoA thioesters. We improved the catalytic properties of Methylorubrum extorquens OXC by rational enzyme engineering and combined it with two newly described enzymes-a specific oxalyl-CoA synthetase and a 2-hydroxyacyl-CoA thioesterase. This enzymatic cascade enabled continuous conversion of oxalate and aromatic aldehydes into valuable (S)-α-hydroxy acids with enantiomeric excess up to 99 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Burgener
- Department of Biochemistry & Synthetic Metabolism, Max-Planck-Institute for terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 10, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Niña Socorro Cortina
- Department of Biochemistry & Synthetic Metabolism, Max-Planck-Institute for terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 10, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tobias J Erb
- Department of Biochemistry & Synthetic Metabolism, Max-Planck-Institute for terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 10, 35043, Marburg, Germany
- LOEWE-Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35043, Marburg, Germany
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26
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Van Veldhoven PP, de Schryver E, Young SG, Zwijsen A, Fransen M, Espeel M, Baes M, Van Ael E. Slc25a17 Gene Trapped Mice: PMP34 Plays a Role in the Peroxisomal Degradation of Phytanic and Pristanic Acid. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:144. [PMID: 32266253 PMCID: PMC7106852 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice lacking PMP34, a peroxisomal membrane transporter encoded by Slc25a17, did not manifest any obvious phenotype on a Swiss Webster genetic background, even with various treatments designed to unmask impaired peroxisomal functioning. Peroxisomal α- and β-oxidation rates in PMP34 deficient fibroblasts or liver slices were not or only modestly affected and in bile, no abnormal bile acid intermediates were detected. Peroxisomal content of cofactors like CoA, ATP, NAD+, thiamine-pyrophosphate and pyridoxal-phosphate, based on direct or indirect data, appeared normal as were tissue plasmalogen and very long chain fatty acid levels. However, upon dietary phytol administration, the knockout mice displayed hepatomegaly, liver inflammation, and an induction of peroxisomal enzymes. This phenotype was partially mediated by PPARα. Hepatic triacylglycerols and cholesterylesters were elevated and both phytanic acid and pristanic acid accumulated in the liver lipids, in females to higher extent than in males. In addition, pristanic acid degradation products were detected, as wells as the CoA-esters of all these branched fatty acids. Hence, PMP34 is important for the degradation of phytanic/pristanic acid and/or export of their metabolites. Whether this is caused by a shortage of peroxisomal CoA affecting the intraperoxisomal formation of pristanoyl-CoA (and perhaps of phytanoyl-CoA), or the SCPx-catalyzed thiolytic cleavage during pristanic acid β-oxidation, could not be proven in this model, but the phytol-derived acyl-CoA profile is compatible with the latter possibility. On the other hand, the normal functioning of other peroxisomal pathways, and especially bile acid formation, seems to exclude severe transport problems or a shortage of CoA, and other cofactors like FAD, NAD(P)+, TPP. Based on our findings, PMP34 deficiency in humans is unlikely to be a life threatening condition but could cause elevated phytanic/pristanic acid levels in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evelyn de Schryver
- LIPIT, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephen G. Young
- Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - An Zwijsen
- Laboratory of Developmental Signaling, Department Human Genetics, VIB-KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Fransen
- LIPIT, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Espeel
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology, Histology and Medical Physics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Myriam Baes
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elke Van Ael
- LIPIT, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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27
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Xie J, Ji T, Ferreira MAR, Li Y, Patel BN, Rivera RM. Modeling allele-specific expression at the gene and SNP levels simultaneously by a Bayesian logistic mixed regression model. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:530. [PMID: 31660858 PMCID: PMC6819473 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-3141-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-throughput sequencing experiments, which can determine allele origins, have been used to assess genome-wide allele-specific expression. Despite the amount of data generated from high-throughput experiments, statistical methods are often too simplistic to understand the complexity of gene expression. Specifically, existing methods do not test allele-specific expression (ASE) of a gene as a whole and variation in ASE within a gene across exons separately and simultaneously. RESULTS We propose a generalized linear mixed model to close these gaps, incorporating variations due to genes, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and biological replicates. To improve reliability of statistical inferences, we assign priors on each effect in the model so that information is shared across genes in the entire genome. We utilize Bayesian model selection to test the hypothesis of ASE for each gene and variations across SNPs within a gene. We apply our method to four tissue types in a bovine study to de novo detect ASE genes in the bovine genome, and uncover intriguing predictions of regulatory ASEs across gene exons and across tissue types. We compared our method to competing approaches through simulation studies that mimicked the real datasets. The R package, BLMRM, that implements our proposed algorithm, is publicly available for download at https://github.com/JingXieMIZZOU/BLMRM . CONCLUSIONS We will show that the proposed method exhibits improved control of the false discovery rate and improved power over existing methods when SNP variation and biological variation are present. Besides, our method also maintains low computational requirements that allows for whole genome analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xie
- Department of Statistics, University of Missouri at Columbia, Columbia, 65211 MO USA
| | - Tieming Ji
- Department of Statistics, University of Missouri at Columbia, Columbia, 65211 MO USA
| | | | - Yahan Li
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri at Columbia, Columbia, 65211 MO USA
| | - Bhaumik N. Patel
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri at Columbia, Columbia, 65211 MO USA
| | - Rocio M. Rivera
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri at Columbia, Columbia, 65211 MO USA
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28
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2-Hydroxyacyl-CoA lyase catalyzes acyloin condensation for one-carbon bioconversion. Nat Chem Biol 2019; 15:900-906. [PMID: 31383974 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-019-0328-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Despite the potential of biotechnological processes for one-carbon (C1) bioconversion, efficient biocatalysts required for their implementation are yet to be developed. To address intrinsic limitations of native C1 biocatalysts, here we report that 2-hydroxyacyl CoA lyase (HACL), an enzyme involved in mammalian α-oxidation, catalyzes the ligation of carbonyl-containing molecules of different chain lengths with formyl-coenzyme A (CoA) to produce C1-elongated 2-hydroxyacyl-CoAs. We discovered and characterized a prokaryotic variant of HACL and identified critical residues for this newfound activity, including those supporting the hypothesized thiamine pyrophosphate-dependent acyloin condensation mechanism. The use of formyl-CoA as a C1 donor provides kinetic advantages and enables C1 bioconversion to multi-carbon products, demonstrated here by engineering an Escherichia coli whole-cell biotransformation system for the synthesis of glycolate and 2-hydroxyisobutyrate from formaldehyde and formaldehyde plus acetone, respectively. Our work establishes a new approach for C1 bioconversion and the potential for HACL-based pathways to support synthetic methylotrophy.
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29
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Liu J, Lu W, Shi B, Klein S, Su X. Peroxisomal regulation of redox homeostasis and adipocyte metabolism. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101167. [PMID: 30921635 PMCID: PMC6434164 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are ubiquitous cellular organelles required for specific pathways of fatty acid oxidation and lipid synthesis, and until recently their functions in adipocytes have not been well appreciated. Importantly, peroxisomes host many oxygen-consumption reactions and play a major role in generation and detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), influencing whole cell redox status. Here, we review recent progress in peroxisomal functions in lipid metabolism as related to ROS/RNS metabolism and discuss the roles of peroxisomal redox homeostasis in adipogenesis and adipocyte metabolism. We provide a framework for understanding redox regulation of peroxisomal functions in adipocytes together with testable hypotheses for developing therapies for obesity and the related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University College of Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University College of Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, China; Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Bimin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Samuel Klein
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Xiong Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University College of Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, China; Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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30
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Dhir S, Tarasenko M, Napoli E, Giulivi C. Neurological, Psychiatric, and Biochemical Aspects of Thiamine Deficiency in Children and Adults. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:207. [PMID: 31019473 PMCID: PMC6459027 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiamine (vitamin B1) is an essential nutrient that serves as a cofactor for a number of enzymes, mostly with mitochondrial localization. Some thiamine-dependent enzymes are involved in energy metabolism and biosynthesis of nucleic acids whereas others are part of the antioxidant machinery. The brain is highly vulnerable to thiamine deficiency due to its heavy reliance on mitochondrial ATP production. This is more evident during rapid growth (i.e., perinatal periods and children) in which thiamine deficiency is commonly associated with either malnutrition or genetic defects. Thiamine deficiency contributes to a number of conditions spanning from mild neurological and psychiatric symptoms (confusion, reduced memory, and sleep disturbances) to severe encephalopathy, ataxia, congestive heart failure, muscle atrophy, and even death. This review discusses the current knowledge on thiamine deficiency and associated morbidity of neurological and psychiatric disorders, with special emphasis on the pediatric population, as well as the putative beneficial effect of thiamine supplementation in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibani Dhir
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Maya Tarasenko
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Eleonora Napoli
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Cecilia Giulivi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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31
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Yeast Mpo1 Is a Novel Dioxygenase That Catalyzes the α-Oxidation of a 2-Hydroxy Fatty Acid in an Fe 2+-Dependent Manner. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:MCB.00428-18. [PMID: 30530523 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00428-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytosphingosine (PHS) is the major long-chain base component of sphingolipids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae The PHS metabolic pathway includes a fatty acid (FA) α-oxidation reaction. Recently, we identified the novel protein Mpo1, which is involved in PHS metabolism. However, the details of the FA α-oxidation reaction and the role of Mpo1 in PHS metabolism remained unclear. In the present study, we revealed that Mpo1 is involved in the α-oxidation of 2-hydroxy (2-OH) palmitic acid (C16:0-COOH) in the PHS metabolic pathway. Our in vitro assay revealed that not only the Mpo1-containing membrane fraction but also the soluble fraction was required for the α-oxidation of 2-OH C16:0-COOH. The addition of Fe2+ eliminated the need for the soluble fraction. Purified Mpo1 converted 2-OH C16:0-COOH to C15:0-COOH in the presence of Fe2+, indicating that Mpo1 is the enzyme body responsible for catalyzing the FA α-oxidation reaction. This reaction was also found to require an oxygen molecule. Our findings indicate that Mpo1 catalyzes the FA α-oxidation reaction as 2-OH fatty acid dioxygenase, mediated by iron(IV) peroxide. Although numerous Mpo1 homologs exist in bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and plants, their functions had not yet been clarified. However, our findings suggest that these family members function as dioxygenases.
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32
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Nieman DC, Gillitt ND, Sha W. Identification of a select metabolite panel for measuring metabolic perturbation in response to heavy exertion. Metabolomics 2018; 14:147. [PMID: 30830401 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Databases from three global metabolomics-based studies (N = 59) (PMID: 25409020, 26561314, 29566095) were evaluated for metabolite shifts following heavy exertion (75-km cycling) to generate a representative, select panel of metabolites identified by variable importance in projection (VIP) scores. METHODS AND RESULTS OPLS-DA was used to separate samples at pre- and post-exercise during the water-only trial in one of the studies (PMID: 26561314), and of 590 metabolites, 26 (all but one from the lipid pathway) had a VIP > 2 and were selected for the panel. A second OPLS-DA based on the 26 metabolites was performed to separate pre- and post-exercise samples, and this model performed as well as the one with 590 metabolites (Q2Y = 0.923, 0.925 respectively); this model also showed a complete separation using OPLS-DA plots between pre- and post-exercise samples for the other two studies. A latent variable t1 (a linear combination of the 26 metabolites), was generated and the metabolite data at each time point were projected to t1 with the relative distance on t1 and area under the curve (AUC) determined from the three databases. Acute carbohydrate compared to water-only ingestion was linked to a 28-47% reduction in AUCs following exercise depending on the carbohydrate source and recovery time period. CONCLUSIONS These data support that a panel of 26 metabolites can be used to represent global metabolite increases induced by prolonged, intensive exercise. This select panel includes metabolites primarily from the lipid super pathway, and exercise-induced increases are sensitive to the moderating effect of acute carbohydrate ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Nieman
- Human Performance Laboratory, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA.
| | - Nicholas D Gillitt
- Dole Nutrition Research Laboratory, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Wei Sha
- Bioinformatics Services Division, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA.
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Fiandaca MS, Mapstone M, Mahmoodi A, Gross T, Macciardi F, Cheema AK, Merchant-Borna K, Bazarian J, Federoff HJ. Plasma metabolomic biomarkers accurately classify acute mild traumatic brain injury from controls. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195318. [PMID: 29677216 PMCID: PMC5909890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Past and recent attempts at devising objective biomarkers for traumatic brain injury (TBI) in both blood and cerebrospinal fluid have focused on abundance measures of time-dependent proteins. Similar independent determinants would be most welcome in diagnosing the most common form of TBI, mild TBI (mTBI), which remains difficult to define and confirm based solely on clinical criteria. There are currently no consensus diagnostic measures that objectively define individuals as having sustained an acute mTBI. Plasma metabolomic analyses have recently evolved to offer an alternative to proteomic analyses, offering an orthogonal diagnostic measure to what is currently available. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a developed set of metabolomic biomarkers is able to objectively classify college athletes sustaining mTBI from non-injured teammates, within 6 hours of trauma and whether such a biomarker panel could be effectively applied to an independent cohort of TBI and control subjects. A 6-metabolite panel was developed from biomarkers that had their identities confirmed using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in our Athlete cohort. These biomarkers were defined at ≤6 hours following mTBI and objectively classified mTBI athletes from teammate controls, and provided similar classification of these groups at the 2, 3, and 7 days post-mTBI. The same 6-metabolite panel, when applied to a separate, independent cohort provided statistically similar results despite major differences between the two cohorts. Our confirmed plasma biomarker panel objectively classifies acute mTBI cases from controls within 6 hours of injury in our two independent cohorts. While encouraged by our initial results, we expect future studies to expand on these initial observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo S. Fiandaca
- Translational Laboratory and Biorepository, Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA United States of America
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA United States of America
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA United States of America
| | - Mark Mapstone
- Translational Laboratory and Biorepository, Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA United States of America
| | - Amin Mahmoodi
- Translational Laboratory and Biorepository, Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA United States of America
| | - Thomas Gross
- Translational Laboratory and Biorepository, Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA United States of America
| | - Fabio Macciardi
- Translational Laboratory and Biorepository, Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA United States of America
| | - Amrita K. Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Kian Merchant-Borna
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Bazarian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Howard J. Federoff
- Translational Laboratory and Biorepository, Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Yu E, Hu FB. Dairy Products, Dairy Fatty Acids, and the Prevention of Cardiometabolic Disease: a Review of Recent Evidence. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2018; 20:24. [PMID: 29564646 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-018-0724-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To examine recent literature on dairy products, dairy fatty acids, and cardiometabolic disease. Primary questions of interest include what unique challenges researchers face when investigating dairy products/biomarkers, whether one should consume dairy to reduce disease risk, whether dairy fatty acids may be beneficial for health, and whether one should prefer low- or high-fat dairy products. RECENT FINDINGS Dairy composes about 10% of the calories in a typical American diet, about half of that coming from fluid milk, half coming from cheese, and small amounts from yogurt. Most meta-analyses report no or weak inverse association between dairy intake with cardiovascular disease and related intermediate outcomes. There is some suggestion that dairy consumption was inversely associated with stroke incidence and yogurt consumption was associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Odd chain fatty acids (OCFAs) found primarily in dairy (15:0 and 17:0) appear to be inversely associated with cardiometabolic risk, but causation is uncertain. Substitution analyses based on prospective cohorts suggested that replacing dairy fat with vegetable fat or polyunsaturated fat was associated with significantly lower risk of cardiovascular disease. Current evidence suggests null or weak inverse association between consumption of dairy products and risk of cardiovascular disease. However, replacing dairy fat with polyunsaturated fat, especially from plant-based foods, may confer health benefits. More research is needed to examine health effects of different types of dairy products in diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Yu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Build II Floor 3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Build II Floor 3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
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Jenkins B, de Schryver E, Van Veldhoven PP, Koulman A. Peroxisomal 2-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Lyase Is Involved in Endogenous Biosynthesis of Heptadecanoic Acid. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101718. [PMID: 29027957 PMCID: PMC6151664 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating heptadecanoic acid (C17:0) is reported to be a pathology risk/prognosis biomarker and a dietary biomarker. This pathology relationship has been shown to be reliably predictive even when independent of dietary contributions, suggesting that the endogenous biosynthesis of C17:0 is related to the pathological aetiology. Little is known about C17:0 biosynthesis, which tissues contribute to the circulating levels, and how C17:0 is related to pathology. Hacl1+/− mice were mated to obtain Hacl1−/− and Hacl1+/+ control mice. At 14 weeks, they were anesthetized for tissue collection and fatty acid analysis. Compared to Hacl1+/+, C15:0 was not significantly affected in any Hacl1−/− tissues. However, the Hacl1−/− plasma and liver C17:0 levels were significantly lower: ~26% and ~22%, respectively. No significant differences were seen in the different adipose tissues. To conclude, Hacl1 plays a significant role in the liver and plasma levels of C17:0, providing evidence it can be endogenously biosynthesized via alpha-oxidation. The strong inverse association of C17:0 with pathology raises the question whether there is a direct link between α-oxidation and these diseases. Currently, there is no clear evidence, warranting further research into the role of α-oxidation in relation to metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Jenkins
- NIHR BRC Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Pathology building Level 4, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
- Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK.
| | - Evelyn de Schryver
- Laboratory of Lipid Biochemistry and Protein Interactions (LIPIT), Campus Gasthuisberg-KU Leuven, Herestraat Box 601, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Paul P. Van Veldhoven
- Laboratory of Lipid Biochemistry and Protein Interactions (LIPIT), Campus Gasthuisberg-KU Leuven, Herestraat Box 601, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Albert Koulman
- NIHR BRC Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Pathology building Level 4, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
- Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK.
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Mezzar S, De Schryver E, Asselberghs S, Meyhi E, Morvay PL, Baes M, Van Veldhoven PP. Phytol-induced pathology in 2-hydroxyacyl-CoA lyase (HACL1) deficient mice. Evidence for a second non-HACL1-related lyase. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017. [PMID: 28629946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
2-Hydroxyacyl-CoA lyase (HACL1) is a key enzyme of the peroxisomal α-oxidation of phytanic acid. To better understand its role in health and disease, a mouse model lacking HACL1 was investigated. Under normal conditions, these mice did not display a particular phenotype. However, upon dietary administration of phytol, phytanic acid accumulated in tissues, mainly in liver and serum of KO mice. As a consequence of phytanic acid (or a metabolite) toxicity, KO mice displayed a significant weight loss, absence of abdominal white adipose tissue, enlarged and mottled liver and reduced hepatic glycogen and triglycerides. In addition, hepatic PPARα was activated. The central nervous system of the phytol-treated mice was apparently not affected. In addition, 2OH-FA did not accumulate in the central nervous system of HACL1 deficient mice, likely due to the presence in the endoplasmic reticulum of an alternate HACL1-unrelated lyase. The latter may serve as a backup system in certain tissues and account for the formation of pristanic acid in the phytol-fed KO mice. As the degradation of pristanic acid is also impaired, both phytanoyl- and pristanoyl-CoA levels are increased in liver, and the ω-oxidized metabolites are excreted in urine. In conclusion, HACL1 deficiency is not associated with a severe phenotype, but in combination with phytanic acid intake, the normal situation in man, it might present with phytanic acid elevation and resemble a Refsum like disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Mezzar
- LIPIT, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evelyn De Schryver
- LIPIT, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stanny Asselberghs
- LIPIT, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els Meyhi
- LIPIT, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Petruta L Morvay
- LIPIT, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Myriam Baes
- Laboratory for Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
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Kleinecke S, Richert S, de Hoz L, Brügger B, Kungl T, Asadollahi E, Quintes S, Blanz J, McGonigal R, Naseri K, Sereda MW, Sachsenheimer T, Lüchtenborg C, Möbius W, Willison H, Baes M, Nave KA, Kassmann CM. Peroxisomal dysfunctions cause lysosomal storage and axonal Kv1 channel redistribution in peripheral neuropathy. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28470148 PMCID: PMC5417850 DOI: 10.7554/elife.23332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment of peripheral nerve function is frequent in neurometabolic diseases, but mechanistically not well understood. Here, we report a novel disease mechanism and the finding that glial lipid metabolism is critical for axon function, independent of myelin itself. Surprisingly, nerves of Schwann cell-specific Pex5 mutant mice were unaltered regarding axon numbers, axonal calibers, and myelin sheath thickness by electron microscopy. In search for a molecular mechanism, we revealed enhanced abundance and internodal expression of axonal membrane proteins normally restricted to juxtaparanodal lipid-rafts. Gangliosides were altered and enriched within an expanded lysosomal compartment of paranodal loops. We revealed the same pathological features in a mouse model of human Adrenomyeloneuropathy, preceding disease-onset by one year. Thus, peroxisomal dysfunction causes secondary failure of local lysosomes, thereby impairing the turnover of gangliosides in myelin. This reveals a new aspect of axon-glia interactions, with Schwann cell lipid metabolism regulating the anchorage of juxtaparanodal Kv1-channels. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.23332.001 Nerve cells transmit messages along their length in the form of electrical signals. Much like an electrical wire, the nerve fiber or axon is coated by a multiple-layered insulation, called the myelin sheath. However, unlike electrical insulation, the myelin sheath is regularly interrupted to expose short regions of the underlying nerve. These exposed regions and the adjacent regions underneath the myelin contain ion channels that help to propagate electrical signals along the axon. Peroxisomes are compartments in animal cells that process fats. Genetic mutations that prevent peroxisomes from working properly can lead to diseases where the nerves cannot transmit signals correctly. This is thought to be because the nerves lose their myelin sheath, which largely consists of fatty molecules. The nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord are known as peripheral nerves. Kleinecke et al. have now analyzed peripheral nerves from mice that had one of three different genetic mutations, preventing their peroxisomes from working correctly. Even in cases where the mutation severely impaired nerve signaling, the peripheral nerves retained their myelin sheath. The peroxisome mutations did affect a particular type of potassium ion channel and the anchor proteins that hold these channels in place. The role of these potassium ion channels is not fully known, but normally they are only found close to regions of the axon that are not coated by myelin. However, the peroxisome mutations meant that the channels and their protein anchors were now also located along the myelinated segments of the nerve’s axons. This redistribution of the potassium ion channels likely contributes to the peripheral nerves being unable to signal properly. In addition, Kleinecke et al. found that disrupting the peroxisomes also affected another cell compartment, called the lysosome, in the nerve cells that insulate axons with myelin sheaths. Lysosomes help to break down unwanted fat molecules. Mutant mice had more lysosomes than normal, but these lysosomes did not work efficiently. This caused the nerve cells to store more of certain types of molecules, including molecules called glycolipids that stabilize protein anchors, which hold the potassium channels in place. A likely result is that protein anchors that would normally be degraded are not, leading to the potassium channels appearing inappropriately throughout the nerve. Future work is now needed to investigate whether peroxisomal diseases cause similar changes in the brain. The results presented by Kleinecke et al. also suggest that targeting the lysosomes or the potassium channels could present new ways to treat disorders of the peroxisomes. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.23332.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kleinecke
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Richert
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Livia de Hoz
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Britta Brügger
- University of Heidelberg, Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Theresa Kungl
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ebrahim Asadollahi
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Quintes
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Judith Blanz
- Unit of Molecular Cell Biology and Transgenic, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rhona McGonigal
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kobra Naseri
- Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Michael W Sereda
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Timo Sachsenheimer
- University of Heidelberg, Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hugh Willison
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Myriam Baes
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Cell Metabolism, KU Leuven- University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Celia Michèle Kassmann
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
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Jenkins BJ, Seyssel K, Chiu S, Pan PH, Lin SY, Stanley E, Ament Z, West JA, Summerhill K, Griffin JL, Vetter W, Autio KJ, Hiltunen K, Hazebrouck S, Stepankova R, Chen CJ, Alligier M, Laville M, Moore M, Kraft G, Cherrington A, King S, Krauss RM, de Schryver E, Van Veldhoven PP, Ronis M, Koulman A. Odd Chain Fatty Acids; New Insights of the Relationship Between the Gut Microbiota, Dietary Intake, Biosynthesis and Glucose Intolerance. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44845. [PMID: 28332596 PMCID: PMC5362956 DOI: 10.1038/srep44845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent findings have shown an inverse association between circulating C15:0/C17:0 fatty acids with disease risk, therefore, their origin needs to be determined to understanding their role in these pathologies. Through combinations of both animal and human intervention studies, we comprehensively investigated all possible contributions of these fatty acids from the gut-microbiota, the diet, and novel endogenous biosynthesis. Investigations included an intestinal germ-free study and a C15:0/C17:0 diet dose response study. Endogenous production was assessed through: a stearic acid infusion, phytol supplementation, and a Hacl1−/− mouse model. Two human dietary intervention studies were used to translate the results. Finally, a study comparing baseline C15:0/C17:0 with the prognosis of glucose intolerance. We found that circulating C15:0/C17:0 levels were not influenced by the gut-microbiota. The dose response study showed C15:0 had a linear response, however C17:0 was not directly correlated. The phytol supplementation only decreased C17:0. Stearic acid infusion only increased C17:0. Hacl1−/− only decreased C17:0. The glucose intolerance study showed only C17:0 correlated with prognosis. To summarise, circulating C15:0 and C17:0 are independently derived; C15:0 correlates directly with dietary intake, while C17:0 is substantially biosynthesized, therefore, they are not homologous in the aetiology of metabolic disease. Our findings emphasize the importance of the biosynthesis of C17:0 and recognizing its link with metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Jenkins
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL. Affiliated with the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Seyssel
- Lyon University, INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory and CENS, Claude Bernard University, CRNH Rhône-Alpes, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Sally Chiu
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA 94609, United States of America
| | - Pin-Ho Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism/Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No. 1650, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Elizabeth Stanley
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL. Affiliated with the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Zsuzsanna Ament
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL. Affiliated with the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James A West
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL. Affiliated with the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Summerhill
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL. Affiliated with the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Julian L Griffin
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL. Affiliated with the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Walter Vetter
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry, Garbenstrasse 28, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kaija J Autio
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5400, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Kalervo Hiltunen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5400, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Stéphane Hazebrouck
- UMR CEA-INRA Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, Laboratoire d'Immuno-Allergie Alimentaire, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91991 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Renata Stepankova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Science, Novy Hradek, 549 22, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No. 1650, Sec.4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Maud Alligier
- Lyon University, INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory and CENS, Claude Bernard University, CRNH Rhône-Alpes, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Martine Laville
- Lyon University, INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory and CENS, Claude Bernard University, CRNH Rhône-Alpes, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Mary Moore
- 702 Light Hall, Dept. of Molecular Physiology &Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0615, United States of America
| | - Guillaume Kraft
- 702 Light Hall, Dept. of Molecular Physiology &Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0615, United States of America
| | - Alan Cherrington
- 702 Light Hall, Dept. of Molecular Physiology &Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0615, United States of America
| | - Sarah King
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA 94609, United States of America
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA 94609, United States of America
| | - Evelyn de Schryver
- Laboratory of Lipid Biochemistry and Protein Interactions (LIPIT), Campus Gasthuisberg - KU Leuven, Herestraat Box 601, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul P Van Veldhoven
- Laboratory of Lipid Biochemistry and Protein Interactions (LIPIT), Campus Gasthuisberg - KU Leuven, Herestraat Box 601, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martin Ronis
- College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology &Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Centre 1901 Perdido Str., New Orleans, United States of America
| | - Albert Koulman
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL. Affiliated with the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.,NIHR BRC Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Level 4, Laboratory Block, Cambridge University Hospitals, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Phytosphingosine degradation pathway includes fatty acid α-oxidation reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E2616-E2623. [PMID: 28289220 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1700138114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although normal fatty acids (FAs) are degraded via β-oxidation, unusual FAs such as 2-hydroxy (2-OH) FAs and 3-methyl-branched FAs are degraded via α-oxidation. Phytosphingosine (PHS) is one of the long-chain bases (the sphingolipid components) and exists in specific tissues, including the epidermis and small intestine in mammals. In the degradation pathway, PHS is converted to 2-OH palmitic acid and then to pentadecanoic acid (C15:0-COOH) via FA α-oxidation. However, the detailed reactions and genes involved in the α-oxidation reactions of the PHS degradation pathway have yet to be determined. In the present study, we reveal the entire PHS degradation pathway: PHS is converted to C15:0-COOH via six reactions [phosphorylation, cleavage, oxidation, CoA addition, cleavage (C1 removal), and oxidation], in which the last three reactions correspond to the α-oxidation. The aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH3A2 catalyzes both the first and second oxidation reactions (fatty aldehydes to FAs). In Aldh3a2-deficient cells, the unmetabolized fatty aldehydes are reduced to fatty alcohols and are incorporated into ether-linked glycerolipids. We also identify HACL2 (2-hydroxyacyl-CoA lyase 2) [previous name, ILVBL; ilvB (bacterial acetolactate synthase)-like] as the major 2-OH acyl-CoA lyase involved in the cleavage (C1 removal) reaction in the FA α-oxidation of the PHS degradation pathway. HACL2 is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Thus, in addition to the already-known FA α-oxidation in the peroxisomes, we have revealed the existence of FA α-oxidation in the endoplasmic reticulum in mammals.
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Wang L, Urriola PE, Luo ZH, Rambo ZJ, Wilson ME, Torrison JL, Shurson GC, Chen C. Metabolomics revealed diurnal heat stress and zinc supplementation-induced changes in amino acid, lipid, and microbial metabolism. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/1/e12676. [PMID: 26755737 PMCID: PMC4760408 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) dramatically disrupts the events in energy and nutrient metabolism, many of which requires zinc (Zn) as a cofactor. In this study, metabolic effects of HS and Zn supplementation were evaluated by examining growth performance, blood chemistry, and metabolomes of crossbred gilts fed with ZnNeg (no Zn supplementation), ZnIO (120 ppm ZnSO4), or ZnAA (60 ppm ZnSO4 + 60 ppm zinc amino acid complex) diets under diurnal HS or thermal‐neutral (TN) condition. The results showed that growth performance was reduced by HS but not by Zn supplementation. Among measured serum biochemicals, HS was found to increase creatinine but decrease blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level. Metabolomic analysis indicated that HS greatly affected diverse metabolites associated with amino acid, lipid, and microbial metabolism, including urea cycle metabolites, essential amino acids, phospholipids, medium‐chain dicarboxylic acids, fatty acid amides, and secondary bile acids. More importantly, many changes in these metabolite markers were correlated with both acute and adaptive responses to HS. Relative to HS‐induced metabolic effects, Zn supplementation‐associated effects were much more limited. A prominent observation was that ZnIO diet, potentially through its influences on microbial metabolism, yielded different responses to HS compared with two other diets, which included higher levels of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in cecal fluid and higher levels of lysine in the liver and feces. Overall, comprehensive metabolomic analysis identified novel metabolite markers associated with HS and Zn supplementation, which could guide further investigation on the mechanisms of these metabolic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - Pedro E Urriola
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - Zhao-Hui Luo
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | | | | | | | - Gerald C Shurson
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - Chi Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota
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41
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Kihara A. Synthesis and degradation pathways, functions, and pathology of ceramides and epidermal acylceramides. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 63:50-69. [PMID: 27107674 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Ceramide (Cer) is a structural backbone of sphingolipids and is composed of a long-chain base and a fatty acid. Existence of a variety of Cer species, which differ in chain-length, hydroxylation status, and/or double bond number of either of their hydrophobic chains, has been reported. Ceramide is produced by Cer synthases. Mammals have six Cer synthases (CERS1-6), each of which exhibits characteristic substrate specificity toward acyl-CoAs with different chain-lengths. Knockout mice for each Cer synthase show corresponding, isozyme-specific phenotypes, revealing the functional differences of Cers with different chain-lengths. Cer diversity is especially prominent in epidermis. Changes in Cer levels, composition, and chain-lengths are associated with atopic dermatitis. Acylceramide (acyl-Cer) specifically exists in epidermis and plays an essential role in skin permeability barrier formation. Accordingly, defects in acyl-Cer synthesis cause the cutaneous disorder ichthyosis with accompanying severe skin barrier defects. Although the molecular mechanism by which acyl-Cer is generated was long unclear, most genes involved in its synthesis have been identified recently. In Cer degradation pathways, the long-chain base moiety of Cer is converted to acyl-CoA, which is then incorporated mainly into glycerophospholipids. This pathway generates the lipid mediator sphingosine 1-phosphate. This review will focus on recent advances in our understanding of the synthesis and degradation pathways, physiological functions, and pathology of Cers/acyl-Cers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-choume, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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42
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Wanders RJA, Waterham HR, Ferdinandusse S. Metabolic Interplay between Peroxisomes and Other Subcellular Organelles Including Mitochondria and the Endoplasmic Reticulum. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 3:83. [PMID: 26858947 PMCID: PMC4729952 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are unique subcellular organelles which play an indispensable role in several key metabolic pathways which include: (1.) etherphospholipid biosynthesis; (2.) fatty acid beta-oxidation; (3.) bile acid synthesis; (4.) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) synthesis; (5.) fatty acid alpha-oxidation; (6.) glyoxylate metabolism; (7.) amino acid degradation, and (8.) ROS/RNS metabolism. The importance of peroxisomes for human health and development is exemplified by the existence of a large number of inborn errors of peroxisome metabolism in which there is an impairment in one or more of the metabolic functions of peroxisomes. Although the clinical signs and symptoms of affected patients differ depending upon the enzyme which is deficient and the extent of the deficiency, the disorders involved are usually (very) severe diseases with neurological dysfunction and early death in many of them. With respect to the role of peroxisomes in metabolism it is clear that peroxisomes are dependent on the functional interplay with other subcellular organelles to sustain their role in metabolism. Indeed, whereas mitochondria can oxidize fatty acids all the way to CO2 and H2O, peroxisomes are only able to chain-shorten fatty acids and the end products of peroxisomal beta-oxidation need to be shuttled to mitochondria for full oxidation to CO2 and H2O. Furthermore, NADH is generated during beta-oxidation in peroxisomes and beta-oxidation can only continue if peroxisomes are equipped with a mechanism to reoxidize NADH back to NAD+, which is now known to be mediated by specific NAD(H)-redox shuttles. In this paper we describe the current state of knowledge about the functional interplay between peroxisomes and other subcellular compartments notably the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum for each of the metabolic pathways in which peroxisomes are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J A Wanders
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Laboratory Division, Departments of Paediatrics and Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hans R Waterham
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Laboratory Division, Departments of Paediatrics and Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sacha Ferdinandusse
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Laboratory Division, Departments of Paediatrics and Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Yu Y, Skočaj M, Kreft ME, Resnik N, Veranič P, Franceschi P, Sepčić K, Guella G. Comparative lipidomic study of urothelial cancer models: association with urothelial cancer cell invasiveness. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:3266-3279. [DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00477f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A joint NMR/LC-MS approach allows to establish significant differences in the lipidoma of invasive urothelial carcinoma cells (T24) with respect to noninvasive urothelial cells (RT4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- University of Trento
- Trento
- Italy
| | - Matej Skočaj
- Institute of Cell Biology
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Ljubljana
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Mateja Erdani Kreft
- Institute of Cell Biology
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Ljubljana
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Nataša Resnik
- Institute of Cell Biology
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Ljubljana
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Peter Veranič
- Institute of Cell Biology
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Ljubljana
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Pietro Franceschi
- Biostatistics and Data Management
- Research and Innovation Centre-Fondazione Edmund Mach
- S. Michele all'Adige
- Italy
| | - Kristina Sepčić
- Department of Biology
- Biotechnical Faculty
- University of Ljubljana
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Graziano Guella
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- University of Trento
- Trento
- Italy
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44
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Medium-chain dicarboxylic acylcarnitines as markers of n-3 PUFA-induced peroxisomal oxidation of fatty acids. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1573-83. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Yevglevskis M, Bowskill CR, Chan CCY, Heng JHJ, Threadgill MD, Woodman TJ, Lloyd MD. A study on the chiral inversion of mandelic acid in humans. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 12:6737-44. [PMID: 25050409 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42515k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mandelic acid is a chiral metabolite of the industrial pollutant styrene and is used in chemical skin peels, as a urinary antiseptic and as a component of other medicines. In humans, S-mandelic acid undergoes rapid chiral inversion to R-mandelic acid by an undefined pathway but it has been proposed to proceed via the acyl-CoA esters, S- and R-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl-CoA, in an analogous pathway to that for Ibuprofen. This study investigates chiral inversion of mandelic acid using purified human recombinant enzymes known to be involved in the Ibuprofen chiral inversion pathway. Both S- and R-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl-CoA were hydrolysed to mandelic acid by human acyl-CoA thioesterase-1 and -2 (ACOT1 and ACOT2), consistent with a possible role in the chiral inversion pathway. However, human α-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR; P504S) was not able to catalyse exchange of the α-proton of S- and R-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl-CoA, a requirement for chiral inversion. Both S- and R-2-phenylpropanoyl-CoA were epimerised by AMACR, showing that it is the presence of the hydroxy group that prevents epimerisation of R- and S-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl-CoAs. The results show that it is unlikely that 2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl-CoA is an intermediate in the chiral inversion of mandelic acid, and that the chiral inversion of mandelic acid is via a different pathway to that of Ibuprofen and related drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksims Yevglevskis
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.
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46
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Jenkins B, West JA, Koulman A. A review of odd-chain fatty acid metabolism and the role of pentadecanoic Acid (c15:0) and heptadecanoic Acid (c17:0) in health and disease. Molecules 2015; 20:2425-44. [PMID: 25647578 PMCID: PMC6272531 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20022425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of C17:0 and C15:0 in human health has recently been reinforced following a number of important biological and nutritional observations. Historically, odd chain saturated fatty acids (OCS-FAs) were used as internal standards in GC-MS methods of total fatty acids and LC-MS methods of intact lipids, as it was thought their concentrations were insignificant in humans. However, it has been thought that increased consumption of dairy products has an association with an increase in blood plasma OCS-FAs. However, there is currently no direct evidence but rather a casual association through epidemiology studies. Furthermore, a number of studies on cardiometabolic diseases have shown that plasma concentrations of OCS-FAs are associated with lower disease risk, although the mechanism responsible for this is debated. One possible mechanism for the endogenous production of OCS-FAs is α-oxidation, involving the activation, then hydroxylation of the α-carbon, followed by the removal of the terminal carboxyl group. Differentiation human adipocytes showed a distinct increase in the concentration of OCS-FAs, which was possibly caused through α-oxidation. Further evidence for an endogenous pathway, is in human plasma, where the ratio of C15:0 to C17:0 is approximately 1:2 which is contradictory to the expected levels of C15:0 to C17:0 roughly 2:1 as detected in dairy fat. We review the literature on the dietary consumption of OCS-FAs and their potential endogenous metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Jenkins
- MRC HNR, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK.
| | - James A West
- MRC HNR, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK.
| | - Albert Koulman
- MRC HNR, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK.
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47
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Zhang J, Song J. Amphiphilic degradable polymers for immobilization and sustained delivery of sphingosine 1-phosphate. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:3079-90. [PMID: 24631657 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Controlled delivery of the angiogenic factor sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) represents a promising strategy for promoting vascularization during tissue repair and regeneration. In this study, we developed an amphiphilic biodegradable polymer platform for the stable encapsulation and sustained release of S1P. Mimicking the interaction between amphiphilic S1P and its binding proteins, a series of polymers with hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) core and lipophilic flanking segments of polylactide and/or poly(alkylated lactide) with different alkyl chain lengths were synthesized. These polymers were electrospun into fibrous meshes, and loaded with S1P in generally high loading efficiencies (>90%). Sustained S1P release from these scaffolds could be tuned by adjusting the alkyl chain length, blockiness and lipophilic block length, achieving 35-55% and 45-80% accumulative releases in the first 8h and by 7 days, respectively. Furthermore, using endothelial cell tube formation assay and chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay, we showed that the different S1P loading doses and release kinetics translated into distinct pro-angiogenic outcomes. These results suggest that these amphiphilic polymers are effective delivery vehicles for S1P and may be explored as tissue engineering scaffolds where the delivery of lipophilic or amphiphilic bioactive factors is desired.
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48
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Ibarguren M, López DJ, Escribá PV. The effect of natural and synthetic fatty acids on membrane structure, microdomain organization, cellular functions and human health. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:1518-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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49
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Fraser JL, Vanderver A, Yang S, Chang T, Cramp L, Vezina G, Lichter-Konecki U, Cusmano-Ozog KP, Smpokou P, Chapman KA, Zand DJ. Thiamine pyrophosphokinase deficiency causes a Leigh Disease like phenotype in a sibling pair: identification through whole exome sequencing and management strategies. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2014; 1:66-70. [PMID: 27896076 PMCID: PMC5121315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a sibling pair with Leigh-like disease, progressive hypotonia, regression, and chronic encephalopathy. Whole exome sequencing in the younger sibling demonstrated a homozygous thiamine pyrophosphokinase (TPK) mutation. Initiation of high dose thiamine, niacin, biotin, α-lipoic acid and ketogenic diet in this child demonstrated improvement in neurologic function and re-attainment of previously lost milestones. The diagnosis of TPK deficiency was difficult due to inconsistent biochemical and diagnostic parameters, rapidity of clinical demise and would not have been made in a timely manner without the use of whole exome sequencing. Molecular diagnosis allowed for attempt at dietary modification with cofactor supplementation which resulted in an improved clinical course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Fraser
- Pediatrics Residency Program, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; Medical Genetics Training Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adeline Vanderver
- Division of Neurology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sandra Yang
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Taeun Chang
- Division of Neurology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Laura Cramp
- Division of Neurology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gilbert Vezina
- Department of Radiology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Uta Lichter-Konecki
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kristina P Cusmano-Ozog
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Patroula Smpokou
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kimberly A Chapman
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Dina J Zand
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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50
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Mezzar S, de Schryver E, Van Veldhoven PP. RP-HPLC-fluorescence analysis of aliphatic aldehydes: application to aldehyde-generating enzymes HACL1 and SGPL1. J Lipid Res 2013; 55:573-82. [PMID: 24323699 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d044230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain aldehydes are commonly produced in various processes, such as peroxisomal α-oxidation of long-chain 3-methyl-branched and 2-hydroxy fatty acids and microsomal breakdown of phosphorylated sphingoid bases. The enzymes involved in the aldehyde-generating steps of these processes are 2-hydroxyacyl-CoA lyase (HACL1) and sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (SGPL1), respectively. In the present work, nonradioactive assays for these enzymes were developed employing the Hantzsch reaction. Tridecanal (C13-al) and heptadecanal (C17-al) were selected as model compounds and cyclohexane-1,3-dione as 1,3-diketone, and the fluorescent derivatives were analyzed by reversed phase (RP)-HPLC. Assay mixture composition, as well as pH and heating, were optimized for C13-al and C17-al. Under optimized conditions, these aldehydes could be quantified in picomolar range and different long-chain aldehyde derivatives were well resolved with a linear gradient elution by RP-HPLC. Aldehydes generated by recombinant enzymes could easily be detected via this method. Moreover, the assay allowed to document activity or deficiency in tissue homogenates and fibroblast lysates without an extraction step. In conclusion, a simple, quick, and cheap assay for the study of HACL1 and SGPL1 activities was developed, without relying on expensive mass spectrometric detectors or radioactive substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Mezzar
- Department Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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