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Zhao H, Iyama R, Kurogi E, Hayashi T, Egawa T. Direct and acute effects of advanced glycation end products on proteostasis in isolated mouse skeletal muscle. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16121. [PMID: 38898369 PMCID: PMC11186708 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been implicated in several skeletal muscle dysfunctions. However, whether the adverse effects of AGEs on skeletal muscle are because of their direct action on the skeletal muscle tissue is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the direct and acute effects of AGEs on skeletal muscle using an isolated mouse skeletal muscle to eliminate several confounders derived from other organs. The results showed that the incubation of isolated mouse skeletal muscle with AGEs (1 mg/mL) for 2-6 h suppressed protein synthesis and the mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling pathway. Furthermore, AGEs showed potential inhibitory effects on protein degradation pathways, including autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Additionally, AGEs stimulated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by modulating the activating transcription factor 6, PKR-like ER kinase, C/EBP homologous protein, and altered inflammatory cytokine expression. AGEs also stimulated receptor for AGEs (RAGE)-associated signaling molecules, including mitogen-activated protein kinases. These findings suggest that AGEs have direct and acute effect on skeletal muscle and disturb proteostasis by modulating intracellular pathways such as RAGE signaling, protein synthesis, proteolysis, ER stress, and inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyu Zhao
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental StudiesKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Laboratory of Molecular Exercise Adaptation Sciences, Graduate School of Human and Environmental StudiesKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Ryota Iyama
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental StudiesKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Laboratory of Molecular Exercise Adaptation Sciences, Graduate School of Human and Environmental StudiesKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Eriko Kurogi
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental StudiesKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Tatsuya Hayashi
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental StudiesKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Tatsuro Egawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Exercise Adaptation Sciences, Graduate School of Human and Environmental StudiesKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
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2
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Peifer-Weiß L, Al-Hasani H, Chadt A. AMPK and Beyond: The Signaling Network Controlling RabGAPs and Contraction-Mediated Glucose Uptake in Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1910. [PMID: 38339185 PMCID: PMC10855711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Impaired skeletal muscle glucose uptake is a key feature in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Skeletal muscle glucose uptake can be enhanced by a variety of different stimuli, including insulin and contraction as the most prominent. In contrast to the clearance of glucose from the bloodstream in response to insulin stimulation, exercise-induced glucose uptake into skeletal muscle is unaffected during the progression of insulin resistance, placing physical activity at the center of prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases. The two Rab GTPase-activating proteins (RabGAPs), TBC1D1 and TBC1D4, represent critical nodes at the convergence of insulin- and exercise-stimulated signaling pathways, as phosphorylation of the two closely related signaling factors leads to enhanced translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) to the plasma membrane, resulting in increased cellular glucose uptake. However, the full network of intracellular signaling pathways that control exercise-induced glucose uptake and that overlap with the insulin-stimulated pathway upstream of the RabGAPs is not fully understood. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge on exercise- and insulin-regulated kinases as well as hypoxia as stimulus that may be involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Peifer-Weiß
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (L.P.-W.); (H.A.-H.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Partner Düsseldorf, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hadi Al-Hasani
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (L.P.-W.); (H.A.-H.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Partner Düsseldorf, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Chadt
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (L.P.-W.); (H.A.-H.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Partner Düsseldorf, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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3
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RSPO3 is a novel contraction-inducible factor identified in an "in vitro exercise model" using primary human myotubes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14291. [PMID: 35995979 PMCID: PMC9395423 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18190-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological significance of skeletal muscle as a secretory organ is now well known but we can only speculate as to the existence of as-yet-unidentified myokines, especially those upregulated in response to muscle contractile activity. We first attempted to establish an “insert-chamber based in vitro exercise model” allowing the miniature but high cell-density culture state enabling highly developed contractile human myotubes to be readily obtained by applying electric pulse stimulation (EPS). By employing this in vitro exercise model, we identified R-spondin 3 (RSPO3) as a novel contraction-inducible myokine produced by cultured human myotubes. Contraction-dependent muscular RSPO3 mRNA upregulation was confirmed in skeletal muscles of mice subjected to sciatic nerve mediated in situ contraction as well as those of mice after 2 h of running. Pharmacological in vitro experiments demonstrated a relatively high concentration of metformin (millimolar range) to suppress the contraction-inducible mRNA upregulation of human myokines including RSPO3, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and CXCL1. Our data also suggest human RSPO3 to be a paracrine factor that may positively participate in the myogenesis processes of myoblasts and satellite cells. Thus, the “insert chamber-based in vitro exercise model” is a potentially valuable research tool for investigating contraction-inducible biological responses of human myotubes usually exhibiting poorer contractility development even in the setting of EPS treatment.
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Višnjić D, Lalić H, Dembitz V, Tomić B, Smoljo T. AICAr, a Widely Used AMPK Activator with Important AMPK-Independent Effects: A Systematic Review. Cells 2021. [PMID: 34064363 DOI: 10.3390/cellsl0051095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAr) has been one of the most commonly used pharmacological modulators of AMPK activity. The majority of early studies on the role of AMPK, both in the physiological regulation of metabolism and in cancer pathogenesis, were based solely on the use of AICAr as an AMPK-activator. Even with more complex models of AMPK downregulation and knockout being introduced, AICAr remained a regular starting point for many studies focusing on AMPK biology. However, there is an increasing number of studies showing that numerous AICAr effects, previously attributed to AMPK activation, are in fact AMPK-independent. This review aims to give an overview of the present knowledge on AMPK-dependent and AMPK-independent effects of AICAr on metabolism, hypoxia, exercise, nucleotide synthesis, and cancer, calling for caution in the interpretation of AICAr-based studies in the context of understanding AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Višnjić
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Physiology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Lalić
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Physiology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vilma Dembitz
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Physiology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Barbara Tomić
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Physiology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Smoljo
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Physiology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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5
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AICAr, a Widely Used AMPK Activator with Important AMPK-Independent Effects: A Systematic Review. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051095. [PMID: 34064363 PMCID: PMC8147799 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAr) has been one of the most commonly used pharmacological modulators of AMPK activity. The majority of early studies on the role of AMPK, both in the physiological regulation of metabolism and in cancer pathogenesis, were based solely on the use of AICAr as an AMPK-activator. Even with more complex models of AMPK downregulation and knockout being introduced, AICAr remained a regular starting point for many studies focusing on AMPK biology. However, there is an increasing number of studies showing that numerous AICAr effects, previously attributed to AMPK activation, are in fact AMPK-independent. This review aims to give an overview of the present knowledge on AMPK-dependent and AMPK-independent effects of AICAr on metabolism, hypoxia, exercise, nucleotide synthesis, and cancer, calling for caution in the interpretation of AICAr-based studies in the context of understanding AMPK signaling pathway.
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6
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Kang JH, Park JE, Dagoon J, Masson SWC, Merry TL, Bremner SN, Dent JR, Schenk S. Sirtuin 1 is not required for contraction-stimulated glucose uptake in mouse skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:1893-1902. [PMID: 33886385 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00065.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While it has long been known that contraction robustly stimulates skeletal muscle glucose uptake, the molecular steps regulating this increase remain incompletely defined. The mammalian ortholog of Sir2, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), is an NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase that is thought to link perturbations in energy flux associated with exercise to subsequent cellular adaptations. Nevertheless, its role in contraction-stimulated glucose uptake has not been described. The objective of this study was to determine the importance of SIRT1 to contraction-stimulated glucose uptake in mouse skeletal muscle. Using a radioactive 2-deoxyglucose uptake (2DOGU) approach, we measured ex vivo glucose uptake in unstimulated (rested) and electrically stimulated (100 Hz contraction every 15 s for 10 min; contracted) extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus from ∼15-wk-old male and female mice with muscle-specific knockout of SIRT1 deacetylase activity and their wild-type littermates. Skeletal muscle force decreased over the contraction protocol, although there were no differences in the rate of fatigue between genotypes. In EDL and soleus, loss of SIRT1 deacetylase activity did not affect contraction-induced increase in glucose uptake in either sex. Interestingly, the absolute rate of contraction-stimulated 2DOGU was ∼1.4-fold higher in female compared with male mice, regardless of muscle type. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that SIRT1 is not required for contraction-stimulated glucose uptake in mouse skeletal muscle. Moreover, to our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of sex-based differences in contraction-stimulated glucose uptake in mouse skeletal muscle.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we demonstrate that glucose uptake in response to ex vivo contractions is not affected by the loss of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) deacetylase function in muscle, regardless of sex or muscle type. Interestingly, however, similar to studies on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, we demonstrate that contraction-stimulated glucose uptake is robustly higher in female compared with the male skeletal muscle. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of sex-based differences in contraction-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji H Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ji E Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jason Dagoon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Stewart W C Masson
- Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Troy L Merry
- Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shannon N Bremner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jessica R Dent
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simon Schenk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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7
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Queiroz AL, Lessard SJ, Ouchida AT, Araujo HN, Gonçalves DA, Simões Fróes Guimarães DSP, Teodoro BG, So K, Espreafico EM, Hirshman MF, Alberici LC, Kettelhut IDC, Goodyear LJ, Silveira LR. The MicroRNA miR-696 is regulated by SNARK and reduces mitochondrial activity in mouse skeletal muscle through Pgc1α inhibition. Mol Metab 2021; 51:101226. [PMID: 33812060 PMCID: PMC8121711 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNAs (miRNA) are known to regulate the expression of genes involved in several physiological processes including metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, proliferation, differentiation, and cell death. METHODS Using "in silico" analyses, we identified 219 unique miRNAs that potentially bind to the 3'UTR region of a critical mitochondrial regulator, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC) 1 alpha (Pgc1α). Of the 219 candidate miRNAs, miR-696 had one of the highest interactions at the 3'UTR of Pgc1α, suggesting that miR-696 may be involved in the regulation of Pgc1α. RESULTS Consistent with this hypothesis, we found that miR-696 was highly expressed in the skeletal muscle of STZ-induced diabetic mice and chronic high-fat-fed mice. C2C12 muscle cells exposed to palmitic acid also exhibited a higher expression of miR-696. This increased expression corresponded with a reduced expression of oxidative metabolism genes and reduced mitochondrial respiration. Importantly, reducing miR-696 reversed decreases in mitochondrial activity in response to palmitic acid. Using C2C12 cells treated with the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator AICAR and skeletal muscle from AMPKα2 dominant-negative (DN) mice, we found that the signaling mechanism regulating miR-696 did not involve AMPK. In contrast, overexpression of SNF1-AMPK-related kinase (SNARK) in C2C12 cells increased miR-696 transcription while knockdown of SNARK significantly decreased miR-696. Moreover, muscle-specific transgenic mice overexpressing SNARK exhibited a lower expression of Pgc1α, elevated levels of miR-696, and reduced amounts of spontaneous activity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that metabolic stress increases miR-696 expression in skeletal muscle cells, which in turn inhibits Pgc1α, reducing mitochondrial function. SNARK plays a role in this process as a metabolic stress signaling molecule inducing the expression of miR-696.
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Affiliation(s)
- André L Queiroz
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah J Lessard
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amanda T Ouchida
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Hygor N Araujo
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, OCRC, IB, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Dawit A Gonçalves
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno G Teodoro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Kawai So
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Enilza M Espreafico
- Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Michael F Hirshman
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luciane C Alberici
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Isis do Carmo Kettelhut
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Leonardo R Silveira
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, OCRC, IB, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil.
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Rhein P, Desjardins EM, Rong P, Ahwazi D, Bonhoure N, Stolte J, Santos MD, Ovens AJ, Ehrlich AM, Sanchez Garcia JL, Ouyang Q, Yabut JM, Kjolby M, Membrez M, Jessen N, Oakhill JS, Treebak JT, Maire P, Scott JW, Sanders MJ, Descombes P, Chen S, Steinberg GR, Sakamoto K. Compound- and fiber type-selective requirement of AMPKγ3 for insulin-independent glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Mol Metab 2021; 51:101228. [PMID: 33798773 PMCID: PMC8381060 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The metabolic master-switch AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) mediates insulin-independent glucose uptake in muscle and regulates the metabolic activity of brown and beige adipose tissue (BAT). The regulatory AMPKγ3 isoform is uniquely expressed in skeletal muscle and potentially in BAT. Herein, we investigated the role that AMPKγ3 plays in mediating skeletal muscle glucose uptake and whole-body glucose clearance in response to small-molecule activators that act on AMPK via distinct mechanisms. We also assessed whether γ3 plays a role in adipose thermogenesis and browning. Methods Global AMPKγ3 knockout (KO) mice were generated. A systematic whole-body, tissue, and molecular phenotyping linked to glucose homeostasis was performed in γ3 KO and wild-type (WT) mice. Glucose uptake in glycolytic and oxidative skeletal muscle ex vivo as well as blood glucose clearance in response to small molecule AMPK activators that target the nucleotide-binding domain of the γ subunit (AICAR) and allosteric drug and metabolite (ADaM) site located at the interface of the α and β subunit (991, MK-8722) were assessed. Oxygen consumption, thermography, and molecular phenotyping with a β3-adrenergic receptor agonist (CL-316,243) treatment were performed to assess BAT thermogenesis, characteristics, and function. Results Genetic ablation of γ3 did not affect body weight, body composition, physical activity, and parameters associated with glucose homeostasis under chow or high-fat diet. γ3 deficiency had no effect on fiber-type composition, mitochondrial content and components, or insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Glycolytic muscles in γ3 KO mice showed a partial loss of AMPKα2 activity, which was associated with reduced levels of AMPKα2 and β2 subunit isoforms. Notably, γ3 deficiency resulted in a selective loss of AICAR-, but not MK-8722-induced blood glucose-lowering in vivo and glucose uptake specifically in glycolytic muscle ex vivo. We detected γ3 in BAT and found that it preferentially interacts with α2 and β2. We observed no differences in oxygen consumption, thermogenesis, morphology of BAT and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT), or markers of BAT activity between WT and γ3 KO mice. Conclusions These results demonstrate that γ3 plays a key role in mediating AICAR- but not ADaM site binding drug-stimulated blood glucose clearance and glucose uptake specifically in glycolytic skeletal muscle. We also showed that γ3 is dispensable for β3-adrenergic receptor agonist-induced thermogenesis and browning of iWAT. Loss of AMPKγ3 reduces glucose uptake in glycolytic skeletal muscle and whole-body glucose clearance with AMP-mimetic drug. γ3 is not required for muscle glucose uptake and whole-body glucose clearance with ADaM site-targeted allosteric activators. γ3 is present and forms a trimeric complex with α2 and β2 in brown adipose tissue. γ3 is dispensable for adipose thermogenesis and browning in response to a β3-adrenergic receptor agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Rhein
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Eric M Desjardins
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N3Z5, Canada; Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N3Z5, Canada
| | - Ping Rong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Danial Ahwazi
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Nicolas Bonhoure
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Jens Stolte
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu D Santos
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Ashley J Ovens
- Metabolic Signalling Laboratory, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Amy M Ehrlich
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - José L Sanchez Garcia
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Qian Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Julian M Yabut
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N3Z5, Canada; Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N3Z5, Canada
| | - Mads Kjolby
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mathieu Membrez
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Niels Jessen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jonathan S Oakhill
- Metabolic Signalling Laboratory, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Pascal Maire
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, 75014, Paris, France
| | - John W Scott
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia; Protein Chemistry and Metabolism Unit, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Matthew J Sanders
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Descombes
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Shuai Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N3Z5, Canada; Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N3Z5, Canada
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.
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9
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Faisal M, Kim JH, Yoo KH, Roh EJ, Hong SS, Lee SH. Development and Therapeutic Potential of NUAKs Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2020; 64:2-25. [PMID: 33356242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
NUAK isoforms, NUAK1 (ARK5) and NUAK2 (SNARK), are important members of the AMPK family of protein kinases. They are involved in a broad spectrum of physiological and cellular events, and sometimes their biological roles overlap. NUAK isoform dysregulation is associated with numerous pathological disorders, including neurodegeneration, metastatic cancer, and diabetes. Therefore, they are promising therapeutic targets in metabolic diseases and cancers; consequently, various NUAK-targeted inhibitors have been disclosed. The first part of this review comprises a brief discussion of the homology, expression, structure, and characteristics of NUAK isoforms. The second part focuses on NUAK isoforms' involvement in crucial biological operations, including mechanistic findings, highlighting how their abnormal functioning contributes to disease progression and quality of life. The third part summarizes the key findings and applications of targeting NUAK isoforms for treating multiple cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. The final part systematically presents a critical review and analysis of the literature on NUAK isoform inhibitions through small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faisal
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Yoo
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Roh
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Sun Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, and Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - So Ha Lee
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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10
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Balnis J, Lee CG, Elias JA, Jaitovich A. Hypercapnia-Driven Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction in an Animal Model of Pulmonary Emphysema Suggests a Complex Phenotype. Front Physiol 2020; 11:600290. [PMID: 33192616 PMCID: PMC7658396 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.600290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic pulmonary conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often develop skeletal muscle dysfunction, which is strongly and independently associated with poor outcomes including higher mortality. Some of these patients also develop chronic CO2 retention, or hypercapnia, which is also associated with worse prognosis. While muscle dysfunction in these settings involve reduction of muscle mass and disrupted fibers’ metabolism leading to suboptimal muscle work, mechanistic research in the field has been limited by the lack of adequate animal models. Over the last years, we have established a rodent model of COPD-induced skeletal muscle dysfunction that allowed a disaggregated interrogation of the cellular and physiological effects driven by COPD from the ones unique to hypercapnia. We found that while COPD and hypercapnia synergistically contribute to muscle atrophy, they are antagonistic processes regarding fibers respiratory capacity. We propose that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a crucial regulator of CO2 signaling in hypercapnic muscles, which leads to both net protein catabolism and improved mitochondrial respiration to support a transition into a substrate-rich, fuel-efficient metabolic mode that allows muscle cells cope with the CO2 toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Balnis
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Chun Geun Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Jack A Elias
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Ariel Jaitovich
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
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11
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McConell GK, Wadley GD, Le Plastrier K, Linden KC. Skeletal muscle AMPK is not activated during 2 h of moderate intensity exercise at ∼65% V ̇ O 2 peak in endurance trained men. J Physiol 2020; 598:3859-3870. [PMID: 32588910 PMCID: PMC7540472 DOI: 10.1113/jp277619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Key points AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is considered a major regulator of skeletal muscle metabolism during exercise. However, we previously showed that, although AMPK activity increases by 8–10‐fold during ∼120 min of exercise at ∼65% V˙O2peak in untrained individuals, there is no increase in these individuals after only 10 days of exercise training (longitudinal study). In a cross‐sectional study, we show that there is also a lack of activation of skeletal muscle AMPK during 120 min of cycling exercise at 65% V˙O2peak in endurance‐trained individuals. These findings indicate that AMPK is not an important regulator of exercise metabolism during 120 min of exercise at 65% V˙O2peak in endurance trained men. It is important that more energy is directed towards examining other potential regulators of exercise metabolism.
Abstract AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is considered a major regulator of skeletal muscle metabolism during exercise. Indeed, AMPK is activated during exercise and activation of AMPK by 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxyamide‐ribonucleoside (AICAR) increases skeletal muscle glucose uptake and fat oxidation. However, we have previously shown that, although AMPK activity increases by 8–10‐fold during ∼120 min of exercise at ∼65% V˙O2peak in untrained individuals, there is no increase in these individuals after only 10 days of exercise training (longitudinal study). In a cross‐sectional study, we examined whether there is also a lack of activation of skeletal muscle AMPK during 120 min of cycling exercise at 65% V˙O2peak in endurance‐trained individuals. Eleven untrained (UT; V˙O2peak = 37.9 ± 5.6 ml.kg−1 min−1) and seven endurance trained (ET; V˙O2peak = 61.8 ± 2.2 ml.kg−1 min−1) males completed 120 min of cycling exercise at 66 ± 4% V˙O2peak (UT: 100 ± 21 W; ET: 190 ± 15 W). Muscle biopsies were obtained at rest and following 30 and 120 min of exercise. Muscle glycogen was significantly (P < 0.05) higher before exercise in ET and decreased similarly during exercise in the ET and UT individuals. Exercise significantly increased calculated skeletal muscle free AMP content and more so in the UT individuals. Exercise significantly (P < 0.05) increased skeletal muscle AMPK α2 activity (4‐fold), AMPK αThr172 phosphorylation (2‐fold) and ACCβ Ser222 phosphorylation (2‐fold) in the UT individuals but not in the ET individuals. These findings indicate that AMPK is not an important regulator of exercise metabolism during 120 min of exercise at 65% V˙O2peak in endurance trained men. AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is considered a major regulator of skeletal muscle metabolism during exercise. However, we previously showed that, although AMPK activity increases by 8–10‐fold during ∼120 min of exercise at ∼65% V˙O2peak in untrained individuals, there is no increase in these individuals after only 10 days of exercise training (longitudinal study). In a cross‐sectional study, we show that there is also a lack of activation of skeletal muscle AMPK during 120 min of cycling exercise at 65% V˙O2peak in endurance‐trained individuals. These findings indicate that AMPK is not an important regulator of exercise metabolism during 120 min of exercise at 65% V˙O2peak in endurance trained men. It is important that more energy is directed towards examining other potential regulators of exercise metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn K McConell
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Glenn D Wadley
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Kelly C Linden
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, Australia
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12
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Inducible deletion of skeletal muscle AMPKα reveals that AMPK is required for nucleotide balance but dispensable for muscle glucose uptake and fat oxidation during exercise. Mol Metab 2020; 40:101028. [PMID: 32504885 PMCID: PMC7356270 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Evidence for AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mediated regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism during exercise is mainly based on transgenic mouse models with chronic (lifelong) disruption of AMPK function. Findings based on such models are potentially biased by secondary effects related to a chronic lack of AMPK function. To study the direct effect(s) of AMPK on muscle metabolism during exercise, we generated a new mouse model with inducible muscle-specific deletion of AMPKα catalytic subunits in adult mice. Methods Tamoxifen-inducible and muscle-specific AMPKα1/α2 double KO mice (AMPKα imdKO) were generated by using the Cre/loxP system, with the Cre under the control of the human skeletal muscle actin (HSA) promoter. Results During treadmill running at the same relative exercise intensity, AMPKα imdKO mice showed greater depletion of muscle ATP, which was associated with accumulation of the deamination product IMP. Muscle-specific deletion of AMPKα in adult mice promptly reduced maximal running speed and muscle glycogen content and was associated with reduced expression of UGP2, a key component of the glycogen synthesis pathway. Muscle mitochondrial respiration, whole-body substrate utilization, and muscle glucose uptake and fatty acid (FA) oxidation during muscle contractile activity remained unaffected by muscle-specific deletion of AMPKα subunits in adult mice. Conclusions Inducible deletion of AMPKα subunits in adult mice reveals that AMPK is required for maintaining muscle ATP levels and nucleotide balance during exercise but is dispensable for regulating muscle glucose uptake, FA oxidation, and substrate utilization during exercise. Inducible deletion of AMPKα in adult mice disturbs nucleotide balance during exercise. Inducible deletion of AMPKα in adult mice lowers muscle glycogen content and reduces exercise capacity. Muscle mitochondrial respiration, and glucose uptake and FA oxidation during muscle contractions remain unaffected by AMPKα deletion.
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13
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McConell GK. It's well and truly time to stop stating that AMPK regulates glucose uptake and fat oxidation during exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E564-E567. [PMID: 32017593 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00511.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Glenn K McConell
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Choi RH, McConahay A, Johnson MB, Jeong HW, Koh HJ. Adipose tissue-specific knockout of AMPKα1/α2 results in normal AICAR tolerance and glucose metabolism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 519:633-638. [PMID: 31540695 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a member of Ser/Thr kinases that has been shown to regulate energy balance. Although recent studies have demonstrated the function of AMPK in adipose tissue using different fat-specific AMPK knockout mouse models, the results were somewhat inconsistent. For this study, we tested the hypothesis that AMPK in adipose tissue regulates whole body glucose metabolism. To determine the role of adipose tissue AMPK in vivo, we generated fat-specific AMPKα1/α2 knockout mice (AMPKFKO) using the Cre-loxP system. Body weights of AMPKFKO mice were not different between 8 and 27 weeks of age. Furthermore, tissue weights (liver, kidney, muscle, heart and white and brown adipose tissue) were similar to wild type littermates and DEXA scan analysis revealed no differences in percentages of body fat and lean mass. Knockout of AMPKα1/α2 in adipose tissue abolished basal and AICAR-stimulated phosphorylation of AMPK and Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase, a downstream of AMPK. Despite of the ablation of AICAR-stimulated AMPK phosphorylation, the blood glucose-lowering effect of AICAR injection (i.p.) was normal in AMPKFKO mice. In addition, AMPKFKO displayed normal fasting blood glucose concentration, glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance, and insulin signaling, indicating normal whole body glucose metabolism. These data demonstrate that adipose tissue AMPK plays a minimum role in whole body glucose metabolism on a chow diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Hee Choi
- Division of Applied Physiology, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Abigail McConahay
- Division of Applied Physiology, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Mackenzie B Johnson
- Division of Applied Physiology, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Ha-Won Jeong
- Division of Applied Physiology, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Ho-Jin Koh
- Division of Applied Physiology, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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15
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Dexmedetomidine Impairs Diaphragm Function and Increases Oxidative Stress but Does Not Aggravate Diaphragmatic Atrophy in Mechanically Ventilated Rats. Anesthesiology 2019; 128:784-795. [PMID: 29346133 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000002081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anesthetics in ventilated patients are critical as any cofactor hampering diaphragmatic function may have a negative impact on the weaning progress and therefore on patients' mortality. Dexmedetomidine may display antioxidant and antiproteolytic properties, but it also reduced glucose uptake by the muscle, which may impair diaphragm force production. This study tested the hypothesis that dexmedetomidine could inhibit ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction. METHODS Twenty-four rats were separated into three groups (n = 8/group). Two groups were mechanically ventilated during either dexmedetomidine or pentobarbital exposure for 24 h, referred to as interventional groups. A third group of directly euthanized rats served as control. Force generation, fiber dimensions, proteolysis markers, protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation, calcium homeostasis markers, and glucose transporter-4 (Glut-4) translocation were measured in the diaphragm. RESULTS Diaphragm force, corrected for cross-sectional area, was significantly decreased in both interventional groups compared to controls and was significantly lower with dexmedetomidine compared to pentobarbital (e.g., 100 Hz: -18%, P < 0.0001). In contrast to pentobarbital, dexmedetomidine did not lead to diaphragmatic atrophy, but it induced more protein oxidation (200% vs. 73% in pentobarbital, P = 0.0015), induced less upregulation of muscle atrophy F-box (149% vs. 374% in pentobarbital, P < 0.001) and impaired Glut-4 translocation (-73%, P < 0.0005). It activated autophagy, the calcium-dependent proteases, and caused lipid peroxidation similarly to pentobarbital. CONCLUSIONS Twenty-four hours of mechanical ventilation during dexmedetomidine sedation led to a worsening of ventilation-induced diaphragm dysfunction, possibly through impaired Glut-4 translocation. Although dexmedetomidine prevented diaphragmatic fiber atrophy, it did not inhibit oxidative stress and activation of the proteolytic pathways.
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16
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Kjøbsted R, Roll JLW, Jørgensen NO, Birk JB, Foretz M, Viollet B, Chadt A, Al-Hasani H, Wojtaszewski JFP. AMPK and TBC1D1 Regulate Muscle Glucose Uptake After, but Not During, Exercise and Contraction. Diabetes 2019; 68:1427-1440. [PMID: 31010958 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Exercise increases glucose uptake in skeletal muscle independently of insulin signaling. This makes exercise an effective stimulus to increase glucose uptake in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle. AMPK has been suggested to regulate muscle glucose uptake during exercise/contraction, but findings from studies of various AMPK transgenic animals have not reached consensus on this matter. Comparing methods used in these studies reveals a hitherto unappreciated difference between those studies reporting a role of AMPK and those that do not. This led us to test the hypothesis that AMPK and downstream target TBC1D1 are involved in regulating muscle glucose uptake in the immediate period after exercise/contraction but not during exercise/contraction. Here we demonstrate that glucose uptake during exercise/contraction was not compromised in AMPK-deficient skeletal muscle, whereas reversal of glucose uptake toward resting levels after exercise/contraction was markedly faster in AMPK-deficient muscle compared with wild-type muscle. Moreover, muscle glucose uptake after contraction was positively associated with phosphorylation of TBC1D1, and skeletal muscle from TBC1D1-deficient mice displayed impaired glucose uptake after contraction. These findings reconcile previous observed discrepancies and redefine the role of AMPK activation during exercise/contraction as being important for maintaining glucose permeability in skeletal muscle in the period after, but not during, exercise/contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Kjøbsted
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julie L W Roll
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolas O Jørgensen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper B Birk
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marc Foretz
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Viollet
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Chadt
- German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hadi Al-Hasani
- German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Egawa T, Ohno Y, Goto A, Yokoyama S, Hayashi T, Goto K. AMPK Mediates Muscle Mass Change But Not the Transition of Myosin Heavy Chain Isoforms during Unloading and Reloading of Skeletal Muscles in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102954. [PMID: 30262782 PMCID: PMC6212939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
5′AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays an important role in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass and fiber-type distribution. However, it is unclear whether AMPK is involved in muscle mass change or transition of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms in response to unloading or increased loading. Here, we checked whether AMPK controls muscle mass change and transition of MyHC isoforms during unloading and reloading using mice expressing a skeletal-muscle-specific dominant-negative AMPKα1 (AMPK-DN). Fourteen days of hindlimb unloading reduced the soleus muscle weight in wild-type and AMPK-DN mice, but reduction in the muscle mass was partly attenuated in AMPK-DN mice. There was no difference in the regrown muscle weight between the mice after 7 days of reloading, and there was concomitantly reduced AMPKα2 activity, however it was higher in AMPK-DN mice after 14 days reloading. No difference was observed between the mice in relation to the levels of slow-type MyHC I, fast-type MyHC IIa/x, and MyHC IIb isoforms following unloading and reloading. The levels of 72-kDa heat-shock protein, which preserves muscle mass, increased in AMPK-DN-mice. Our results indicate that AMPK mediates the progress of atrophy during unloading and regrowth of atrophied muscles following reloading, but it does not influence the transition of MyHC isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Egawa
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi, Aichi 440-8511, Japan.
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
- Laboratory of Health and Exercise Sciences, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Yoshitaka Ohno
- Laboratory of Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi, Aichi 440-8511, Japan.
| | - Ayumi Goto
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi, Aichi 440-8511, Japan.
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Shingo Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi, Aichi 440-8511, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Hayashi
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Katsumasa Goto
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi, Aichi 440-8511, Japan.
- Laboratory of Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi, Aichi 440-8511, Japan.
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18
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Isoform-specific AMPK association with TBC1D1 is reduced by a mutation associated with severe obesity. Biochem J 2018; 475:2969-2983. [PMID: 30135087 PMCID: PMC6156765 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key regulator of cellular and systemic energy homeostasis which achieves this through the phosphorylation of a myriad of downstream targets. One target is TBC1D1 a Rab-GTPase-activating protein that regulates glucose uptake in muscle cells by integrating insulin signalling with that promoted by muscle contraction. Ser237 in TBC1D1 is a target for phosphorylation by AMPK, an event which may be important in regulating glucose uptake. Here, we show AMPK heterotrimers containing the α1, but not the α2, isoform of the catalytic subunit form an unusual and stable association with TBC1D1, but not its paralogue AS160. The interaction between the two proteins is direct, involves a dual interaction mechanism employing both phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domains of TBC1D1 and is increased by two different pharmacological activators of AMPK (AICAR and A769962). The interaction enhances the efficiency by which AMPK phosphorylates TBC1D1 on its key regulatory site, Ser237. Furthermore, the interaction is reduced by a naturally occurring R125W mutation in the PTB1 domain of TBC1D1, previously found to be associated with severe familial obesity in females, with a concomitant reduction in Ser237 phosphorylation. Our observations provide evidence for a functional difference between AMPK α-subunits and extend the repertoire of protein kinases that interact with substrates via stabilisation mechanisms that modify the efficacy of substrate phosphorylation.
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19
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Hu F, Li N, Li Z, Zhang C, Yue Y, Liu Q, Chen L, Bilan PJ, Niu W. Electrical pulse stimulation induces GLUT4 translocation in a Rac-Akt-dependent manner in C2C12 myotubes. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:644-654. [PMID: 29355935 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Muscle contraction increases skeletal muscle glucose uptake, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. While important for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, the role of Akt in contraction-stimulated muscle glucose uptake is controversial. In our study, C2C12 skeletal muscle myotubes were contracted by electrical pulse stimulation (EPS). We found that EPS leads to Akt phosphorylation on sites S473 and T308 in a time-dependent manner. The Akt inhibitor MK2206 partly reduces EPS-stimulated GLUT4 translocation without affecting EPS-stimulated AMPK phosphorylation. EPS activates Rac1 GTP-binding, and EPS-stimulated GLUT4 translocation is partly inhibited by Rac1 inhibitor II and siRac1. Interestingly, both Rac1 inhibitor II and siRac1 inhibit EPS-stimulated Akt phosphorylation on sites S473 and T308. Our findings implicate a Rac1-Akt signaling pathway in EPS-stimulated GLUT4 translocation in C2C12 myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Hu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Nana Li
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Zhu Li
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Chang Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Yingying Yue
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Liming Chen
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Philip J Bilan
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wenyan Niu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, China
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20
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Kjøbsted R, Hingst JR, Fentz J, Foretz M, Sanz MN, Pehmøller C, Shum M, Marette A, Mounier R, Treebak JT, Wojtaszewski JFP, Viollet B, Lantier L. AMPK in skeletal muscle function and metabolism. FASEB J 2018; 32:1741-1777. [PMID: 29242278 PMCID: PMC5945561 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700442r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle possesses a remarkable ability to adapt to various physiologic conditions. AMPK is a sensor of intracellular energy status that maintains energy stores by fine-tuning anabolic and catabolic pathways. AMPK’s role as an energy sensor is particularly critical in tissues displaying highly changeable energy turnover. Due to the drastic changes in energy demand that occur between the resting and exercising state, skeletal muscle is one such tissue. Here, we review the complex regulation of AMPK in skeletal muscle and its consequences on metabolism (e.g., substrate uptake, oxidation, and storage as well as mitochondrial function of skeletal muscle fibers). We focus on the role of AMPK in skeletal muscle during exercise and in exercise recovery. We also address adaptations to exercise training, including skeletal muscle plasticity, highlighting novel concepts and future perspectives that need to be investigated. Furthermore, we discuss the possible role of AMPK as a therapeutic target as well as different AMPK activators and their potential for future drug development.—Kjøbsted, R., Hingst, J. R., Fentz, J., Foretz, M., Sanz, M.-N., Pehmøller, C., Shum, M., Marette, A., Mounier, R., Treebak, J. T., Wojtaszewski, J. F. P., Viollet, B., Lantier, L. AMPK in skeletal muscle function and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Kjøbsted
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janne R Hingst
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joachim Fentz
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marc Foretz
- INSERM, Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Maria-Nieves Sanz
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, and.,Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Pehmøller
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Shum
- Axe Cardiologie, Quebec Heart and Lung Research Institute, Laval University, Québec, Canada.,Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Axe Cardiologie, Quebec Heart and Lung Research Institute, Laval University, Québec, Canada.,Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Remi Mounier
- Institute NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM Unité 1217, CNRS UMR, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benoit Viollet
- INSERM, Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Louise Lantier
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Chen J, Huang XF, Shao R, Chen C, Deng C. Molecular Mechanisms of Antipsychotic Drug-Induced Diabetes. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:643. [PMID: 29209160 PMCID: PMC5702456 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs (APDs) are widely prescribed to control various mental disorders. As mental disorders are chronic diseases, these drugs are often used over a life-time. However, APDs can cause serious glucometabolic side-effects including type 2 diabetes and hyperglycaemic emergency, leading to medication non-compliance. At present, there is no effective approach to overcome these side-effects. Understanding the mechanisms for APD-induced diabetes should be helpful in prevention and treatment of these side-effects of APDs and thus improve the clinical outcomes of APDs. In this review, the potential mechanisms for APD-induced diabetes are summarized so that novel approaches can be considered to relieve APD-induced diabetes. APD-induced diabetes could be mediated by multiple mechanisms: (1) APDs can inhibit the insulin signaling pathway in the target cells such as muscle cells, hepatocytes and adipocytes to cause insulin resistance; (2) APD-induced obesity can result in high levels of free fatty acids (FFA) and inflammation, which can also cause insulin resistance. (3) APDs can cause direct damage to β-cells, leading to dysfunction and apoptosis of β-cells. A recent theory considers that both β-cell damage and insulin resistance are necessary factors for the development of diabetes. In high-fat diet-induced diabetes, the compensatory ability of β-cells is gradually damaged, while APDs cause direct β-cell damage, accounting for the severe form of APD-induced diabetes. Based on these mechanisms, effective prevention of APD-induced diabetes may need an integrated approach to combat various effects of APDs on multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiezhong Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Xu-Feng Huang
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Renfu Shao
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Chao Deng
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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22
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Laker RC, Drake JC, Wilson RJ, Lira VA, Lewellen BM, Ryall KA, Fisher CC, Zhang M, Saucerman JJ, Goodyear LJ, Kundu M, Yan Z. Ampk phosphorylation of Ulk1 is required for targeting of mitochondria to lysosomes in exercise-induced mitophagy. Nat Commun 2017; 8:548. [PMID: 28916822 PMCID: PMC5601463 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00520-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial health is critical for skeletal muscle function and is improved by exercise training through both mitochondrial biogenesis and removal of damaged/dysfunctional mitochondria via mitophagy. The mechanisms underlying exercise-induced mitophagy have not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that acute treadmill running in mice causes mitochondrial oxidative stress at 3-12 h and mitophagy at 6 h post-exercise in skeletal muscle. These changes were monitored using a novel fluorescent reporter gene, pMitoTimer, that allows assessment of mitochondrial oxidative stress and mitophagy in vivo, and were preceded by increased phosphorylation of AMP activated protein kinase (Ampk) at tyrosine 172 and of unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (Ulk1) at serine 555. Using mice expressing dominant negative and constitutively active Ampk in skeletal muscle, we demonstrate that Ulk1 activation is dependent on Ampk. Furthermore, exercise-induced metabolic adaptation requires Ulk1. These findings provide direct evidence of exercise-induced mitophagy and demonstrate the importance of Ampk-Ulk1 signaling in skeletal muscle.Exercise is associated with biogenesis and removal of dysfunctional mitochondria. Here the authors use a mitochondrial reporter gene to demonstrate the occurrence of mitophagy following exercise in mice, and show this is dependent on AMPK and ULK1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhianna C Laker
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.,Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Joshua C Drake
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.,Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Rebecca J Wilson
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.,Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Vitor A Lira
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.,Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.,Department of Health and Human Physiology, Obesity Research and Education Initiative, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Bevan M Lewellen
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.,Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Karen A Ryall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Carleigh C Fisher
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.,Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.,Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Mondira Kundu
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA. .,Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA. .,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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23
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Multi-regulatory network of ROS: the interconnection of ROS, PGC-1 alpha, and AMPK-SIRT1 during exercise. J Physiol Biochem 2017; 73:487-494. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-017-0576-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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24
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Kjøbsted R, Wojtaszewski JFP, Treebak JT. Role of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase for Regulating Post-exercise Insulin Sensitivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 107:81-126. [PMID: 27812978 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-43589-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle insulin resistance precedes development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). As skeletal muscle is a major sink for glucose disposal, understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in maintaining insulin sensitivity of this tissue could potentially benefit millions of people that are diagnosed with insulin resistance. Regular physical activity in both healthy and insulin-resistant individuals is recognized as the single most effective intervention to increase whole-body insulin sensitivity and thereby positively affect glucose homeostasis. A single bout of exercise has long been known to increase glucose disposal in skeletal muscle in response to physiological insulin concentrations. While this effect is identified to be restricted to the previously exercised muscle, the molecular basis for an apparent convergence between exercise- and insulin-induced signaling pathways is incompletely known. In recent years, we and others have identified the Rab GTPase-activating protein, TBC1 domain family member 4 (TBC1D4) as a target of key protein kinases in the insulin- and exercise-activated signaling pathways. Our working hypothesis is that the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is important for the ability of exercise to insulin sensitize skeletal muscle through TBC1D4. Here, we aim to provide an overview of the current available evidence linking AMPK to post-exercise insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Kjøbsted
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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25
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Sylow L, Møller LLV, Kleinert M, D'Hulst G, De Groote E, Schjerling P, Steinberg GR, Jensen TE, Richter EA. Rac1 and AMPK Account for the Majority of Muscle Glucose Uptake Stimulated by Ex Vivo Contraction but Not In Vivo Exercise. Diabetes 2017; 66:1548-1559. [PMID: 28389470 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Exercise bypasses insulin resistance to increase glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and therefore represents an important alternative to stimulate glucose uptake in insulin-resistant muscle. Both Rac1 and AMPK have been shown to partly regulate contraction-stimulated muscle glucose uptake, but whether those two signaling pathways jointly account for the entire signal to glucose transport is unknown. We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. Interestingly, when pharmacological Rac1 inhibition was combined with either AMPK β1β2 KO or α2KD, contraction-stimulated glucose transport was almost completely inhibited. Importantly, α2KD+Rac1 mKO double-transgenic mice also displayed severely impaired contraction-stimulated glucose transport, whereas exercise-stimulated glucose uptake in vivo was only partially reduced by Rac1 mKO with no additive effect of α2KD. It is concluded that Rac1 and AMPK together account for almost the entire ex vivo contraction response in muscle glucose transport, whereas only Rac1, but not α2 AMPK, regulates muscle glucose uptake during submaximal exercise in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lykke Sylow
- Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth L V Møller
- Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maximilian Kleinert
- Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gommaar D'Hulst
- Department of Kinesiology, Exercise Physiology Research Group, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik A Richter
- Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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26
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Li Y, Park J, Wu Y, Cui J, Jia N, Xi M, Wen A. Identification of AMPK activator from twelve pure compounds isolated from Aralia Taibaiensis: implication in antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic activities. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 21:279-286. [PMID: 28461769 PMCID: PMC5409114 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2017.21.3.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The root bark extract of Aralia taibaiensis is used traditionally for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in China. The total saponin extracted from Aralia Taibaiensis (sAT) has effective combined antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic activities in experimental type 2 diabetic rats. However, the active compounds have not yet been fully investigated. In the present study, we examined effects of twelve triterpenoid saponins on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, and found that compound 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (AT12) significantly increased phosphorylation of AMPK and Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). AT12 effectively decreased blood glucose, triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in the rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The mechanism by which AT12 activated AMPK was subsequently investigated. Intracellular ATP level and oxygen consumption were significantly reduced by AT12 treatment. The findings suggested AT12 was a novel AMPK activator, and could be useful for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an 710032, P. R. China
| | - Jongsun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University, Daejon 34134, Korea
| | - Yin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an 710032, P. R. China
| | - Jia Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an 710032, P. R. China
| | - Na Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an 710032, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Xi
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an 710032, P. R. China
| | - Aidong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an 710032, P. R. China
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27
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Sylow L, Kleinert M, Richter EA, Jensen TE. Exercise-stimulated glucose uptake - regulation and implications for glycaemic control. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2017; 13:133-148. [PMID: 27739515 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle extracts glucose from the blood to maintain demand for carbohydrates as an energy source during exercise. Such uptake involves complex molecular signalling processes that are distinct from those activated by insulin. Exercise-stimulated glucose uptake is preserved in insulin-resistant muscle, emphasizing exercise as a therapeutic cornerstone among patients with metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. Exercise increases uptake of glucose by up to 50-fold through the simultaneous stimulation of three key steps: delivery, transport across the muscle membrane and intracellular flux through metabolic processes (glycolysis and glucose oxidation). The available data suggest that no single signal transduction pathway can fully account for the regulation of any of these key steps, owing to redundancy in the signalling pathways that mediate glucose uptake to ensure maintenance of muscle energy supply during physical activity. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms that regulate the movement of glucose from the capillary bed into the muscle cell and discuss what is known about their integrated regulation during exercise. Novel developments within the field of mass spectrometry-based proteomics indicate that the known regulators of glucose uptake are only the tip of the iceberg. Consequently, many exciting discoveries clearly lie ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lykke Sylow
- Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maximilian Kleinert
- Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Erik A Richter
- Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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28
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Inada A, Fujii NL, Inada O, Higaki Y, Furuichi Y, Nabeshima YI. Effects of 17β-Estradiol and Androgen on Glucose Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle. Endocrinology 2016; 157:4691-4705. [PMID: 27653033 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes develops predominantly in males in experimental models, and extensive evidence suggests that 17β-estradiol (E2) modulates progression of diabetes in humans. We previously developed a severely diabetic transgenic (Tg) mouse model by β-cell-specific overexpression of inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) and found that male ICER-Tg mice exhibit sustained severe hyperglycemia, but female ICER-Tg mice gradually became normoglycemic with aging. This implies that differences in circulating androgen and E2 levels might influence skeletal muscle glucose uptake and glycemic status. Here we examined whether a decrease of androgen or E2 excess can improve muscle glucose uptake in hyperglycemic male ICER-Tg mice and, conversely, whether a decrease of E2 or androgen excess can elevate blood glucose levels and impair muscle glucose uptake in normoglycemic female ICER-Tg mice. We treated hyperglycemic male ICER-Tg mice with orchiectomy (ORX) or ORX+E2 pellet implantation and normoglycemic female ICER-Tg mice with ovariectomy (OVX) or OVX+5α-DHT pellet implantation to alter the androgen to E2 ratio. ORX+E2 treatment of male ICER-Tg mice caused a rapid drop in blood glucose via both a dramatic increase of β-cells and significantly improved muscle glucose uptake due to the induction of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) expression and translocation of GLUT4 to the cell membrane. In contrast, OVX+5α-DHT-treated female ICER-Tg mice showed an elevation of blood glucose without any decrease of β-cells; instead, they showed decreased muscle glucose uptake due to decreased activation of serine/threonine-specific protein kinase AKT and GLUT4 expression. These findings suggest that androgen (5α-DHT) promotes insulin resistance in females, whereas E2 improves insulin sensitivity in severely diabetic male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akari Inada
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Science (A.I., Y.N.), Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Department of Diabetes and Genes (A.I., O.I.), Advanced Medical Initiatives, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Health Promotion Sciences (N.L.F.), Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan; and Faculty of Sports and Health Science (Y.H.) and Institute for Physical Activity (Y.H.), Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Nobuharu L Fujii
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Science (A.I., Y.N.), Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Department of Diabetes and Genes (A.I., O.I.), Advanced Medical Initiatives, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Health Promotion Sciences (N.L.F.), Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan; and Faculty of Sports and Health Science (Y.H.) and Institute for Physical Activity (Y.H.), Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Oogi Inada
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Science (A.I., Y.N.), Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Department of Diabetes and Genes (A.I., O.I.), Advanced Medical Initiatives, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Health Promotion Sciences (N.L.F.), Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan; and Faculty of Sports and Health Science (Y.H.) and Institute for Physical Activity (Y.H.), Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yasuki Higaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Science (A.I., Y.N.), Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Department of Diabetes and Genes (A.I., O.I.), Advanced Medical Initiatives, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Health Promotion Sciences (N.L.F.), Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan; and Faculty of Sports and Health Science (Y.H.) and Institute for Physical Activity (Y.H.), Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yasuro Furuichi
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Science (A.I., Y.N.), Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Department of Diabetes and Genes (A.I., O.I.), Advanced Medical Initiatives, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Health Promotion Sciences (N.L.F.), Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan; and Faculty of Sports and Health Science (Y.H.) and Institute for Physical Activity (Y.H.), Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yo-Ichi Nabeshima
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Science (A.I., Y.N.), Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Department of Diabetes and Genes (A.I., O.I.), Advanced Medical Initiatives, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Health Promotion Sciences (N.L.F.), Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan; and Faculty of Sports and Health Science (Y.H.) and Institute for Physical Activity (Y.H.), Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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The Anticancer Agent, Di-2-Pyridylketone 4,4-Dimethyl-3-Thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT), Up-Regulates the AMPK-Dependent Energy Homeostasis Pathway in Cancer Cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:2916-2933. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Zhu Q, Ghoshal S, Tyagi R, Chakraborty A. Global IP6K1 deletion enhances temperature modulated energy expenditure which reduces carbohydrate and fat induced weight gain. Mol Metab 2016; 6:73-85. [PMID: 28123939 PMCID: PMC5220553 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE IP6 kinases (IP6Ks) regulate cell metabolism and survival. Mice with global (IP6K1-KO) or adipocyte-specific (AdKO) deletion of IP6K1 are protected from diet induced obesity (DIO) at ambient (23 °C) temperature. AdKO mice are lean primarily due to increased AMPK mediated thermogenic energy expenditure (EE). Thus, at thermoneutral (30 °C) temperature, high fat diet (HFD)-fed AdKO mice expend energy and gain body weight, similar to control mice. IP6K1 is ubiquitously expressed; thus, it is critical to determine to what extent the lean phenotype of global IP6K1-KO mice depends on environmental temperature. Furthermore, it is not known whether IP6K1 regulates AMPK mediated EE in cells, which do not express UCP1. METHODS Q-NMR, GTT, food intake, EE, QRT-PCR, histology, mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR), fatty acid metabolism assays, and immunoblot studies were conducted in IP6K1-KO and WT mice or cells. RESULTS Global IP6K1 deletion mediated enhancement in EE is impaired albeit not abolished at 30 °C. As a result, IP6K1-KO mice are protected from DIO, insulin resistance, and fatty liver even at 30 °C. Like AdKO, IP6K1-KO mice display enhanced adipose tissue browning. However, unlike AdKO mice, thermoneutrality only partly abolishes browning in IP6K1-KO mice. Cold (5 °C) exposure enhances carbohydrate expenditure, whereas 23 °C and 30 °C promote fat oxidation in HFD-KO mice. Furthermore, IP6K1 deletion diminishes cellular fat accumulation via activation of the AMPK signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Global deletion of IP6K1 ameliorates obesity and insulin resistance irrespective of the environmental temperature conditions, which strengthens its validity as an anti-obesity target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhang Zhu
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Sarbani Ghoshal
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Richa Tyagi
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Anutosh Chakraborty
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.
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31
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Koh HJ. Regulation of exercise-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2016; 21:61-5. [PMID: 27462580 PMCID: PMC4960015 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2016.21.2.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a Ser/Thr kinase that has been thought to be an important mediator for exercise-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is an upstream kinase for AMPK and AMPK-related protein kinases, of which the function in skeletal muscle has not been well documented. Our group and others have generated mice lacking AMPK activity in skeletal muscle, as well as muscle-specific LKB1 knockout mice. In this review, we discuss the potential role of AMPK and LKB1 in regulating exercise-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. We also discuss our recent study, demonstrating the molecular mechanism of obesity-induced development of skeletal muscle insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Jin Koh
- Applied Physiology Division, Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, Univer sity of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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32
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Miyamoto L. Novel Strategies for Treating Lifestyle-related Diseases Using Various Approaches. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2016; 136:751-9. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.15-00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Licht Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Physiological Sciences, Frontier Laboratories for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School
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33
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Miyamoto L. Can food factors provide Us with the similar beneficial effects of physical exercise? Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:9-13. [PMID: 30263480 PMCID: PMC6049404 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0092-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases have got global health issues. Physical exercise as well as diet therapy is a potent strategy for fighting against the diseases. However, it is often difficult to continue to keep exercise regularly enough to take sufficient effect. Thus, good substitutes for the therapeutic exercise would be greatly beneficial. Recent studies have suggested that 5'AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) play important roles in the metabolic alterations by muscle contraction. The notion that AMPK mediates broad effects of physical exercise has been widely accepted, though it has been challenged by observations in some genetically AMPK-disrupted animals. We have demonstrated metabolome-wide significance of AMPK activation in contracting muscles. Thus, pharmacological activation of AMPK can be a promising way to obtain similar effects of the exercise. The relevance of AMPK will be introduced, and possible strategies for obtaining similar effects to the exercise from food factors will be discussed in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licht Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Physiological Sciences, Frontier Laboratories for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Röhling M, Herder C, Stemper T, Müssig K. Influence of Acute and Chronic Exercise on Glucose Uptake. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:2868652. [PMID: 27069930 PMCID: PMC4812462 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2868652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance plays a key role in the development of type 2 diabetes. It arises from a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental and lifestyle factors including lack of physical exercise and poor nutrition habits. The increased risk of type 2 diabetes is molecularly based on defects in insulin signaling, insulin secretion, and inflammation. The present review aims to give an overview on the molecular mechanisms underlying the uptake of glucose and related signaling pathways after acute and chronic exercise. Physical exercise, as crucial part in the prevention and treatment of diabetes, has marked acute and chronic effects on glucose disposal and related inflammatory signaling pathways. Exercise can stimulate molecular signaling pathways leading to glucose transport into the cell. Furthermore, physical exercise has the potential to modulate inflammatory processes by affecting specific inflammatory signaling pathways which can interfere with signaling pathways of the glucose uptake. The intensity of physical training appears to be the primary determinant of the degree of metabolic improvement modulating the molecular signaling pathways in a dose-response pattern, whereas training modality seems to have a secondary role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Röhling
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Herder
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Theodor Stemper
- Department Fitness and Health, University Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Karsten Müssig
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Abstract
AMPK is an evolutionary conserved energy sensor involved in the regulation of energy metabolism. Based on biochemical studies, AMPK has brought much of interest in recent years due to its potential impact on metabolic disorders. Suitable animal models are therefore essential to promote our understanding of the molecular and functional roles of AMPK but also to bring novel information for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. The organism systems include pig (Sus scrofa), mouse (Mus musculus), fly (Drosophila melanogaster), worm (Caenorhabditis elegans), and fish (Danio rerio) models. These animal models have provided reliable experimental evidence demonstrating the crucial role of AMPK in the regulation of metabolism but also of cell polarity, autophagy, and oxidative stress. In this chapter, we update the new development in the generation and application of animal models for the study of AMPK biology. We also discuss recent breakthroughs from studies in mice, flies, and worms showing how AMPK has a primary role in initiating or promoting pathological or beneficial impact on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Viollet
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France. .,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Marc Foretz
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Yu H, Fujii NL, Toyoda T, An D, Farese RV, Leitges M, Hirshman MF, Mul JD, Goodyear LJ. Contraction stimulates muscle glucose uptake independent of atypical PKC. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/11/e12565. [PMID: 26564060 PMCID: PMC4673624 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise increases skeletal muscle glucose uptake, but the underlying mechanisms are only partially understood. The atypical protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms λ and ζ (PKC‐λ/ζ) have been shown to be necessary for insulin‐, AICAR‐, and metformin‐stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, but not for treadmill exercise‐stimulated muscle glucose uptake. To investigate if PKC‐λ/ζ activity is required for contraction‐stimulated muscle glucose uptake, we used mice with tibialis anterior muscle‐specific overexpression of an empty vector (WT), wild‐type PKC‐ζ (PKC‐ζWT), or an enzymatically inactive T410A‐PKC‐ζ mutant (PKC‐ζT410A). We also studied skeletal muscle‐specific PKC‐λ knockout (MλKO) mice. Basal glucose uptake was similar between WT, PKC‐ζWT, and PKC‐ζT410A tibialis anterior muscles. In contrast, in situ contraction‐stimulated glucose uptake was increased in PKC‐ζT410A tibialis anterior muscles compared to WT or PKC‐ζWT tibialis anterior muscles. Furthermore, in vitro contraction‐stimulated glucose uptake was greater in soleus muscles of MλKO mice than WT controls. Thus, loss of PKC‐λ/ζ activity increases contraction‐stimulated muscle glucose uptake. These data clearly demonstrate that PKC‐λ/ζ activity is not necessary for contraction‐stimulated glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yu
- Harvard Medical School, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nobuharu L Fujii
- Harvard Medical School, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Taro Toyoda
- Harvard Medical School, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ding An
- Harvard Medical School, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Michael Leitges
- The Biotechnology Center of Oslo, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Joram D Mul
- Harvard Medical School, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Harvard Medical School, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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Egawa T, Goto A, Ohno Y, Yokoyama S, Ikuta A, Suzuki M, Sugiura T, Ohira Y, Yoshioka T, Hayashi T, Goto K. Involvement of AMPK in regulating slow-twitch muscle atrophy during hindlimb unloading in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E651-62. [PMID: 26244519 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00165.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AMPK is considered to have a role in regulating skeletal muscle mass. However, there are no studies investigating the function of AMPK in modulating skeletal muscle mass during atrophic conditions. In the present study, we investigated the difference in unloading-associated muscle atrophy and molecular functions in response to 2-wk hindlimb suspension between transgenic mice overexpressing the dominant-negative mutant of AMPK (AMPK-DN) and their wild-type (WT) littermates. Male WT (n = 24) and AMPK-DN (n = 24) mice were randomly divided into two groups: an untreated preexperimental control group (n = 12 in each group) and an unloading (n = 12 in each group) group. The relative soleus muscle weight and fiber cross-sectional area to body weight were decreased by ∼30% in WT mice by hindlimb unloading and by ∼20% in AMPK-DN mice. There were no changes in puromycin-labeled protein or Akt/70-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase signaling, the indicators of protein synthesis. The expressions of ubiquitinated proteins and muscle RING finger 1 mRNA and protein, markers of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, were increased by hindlimb unloading in WT mice but not in AMPK-DN mice. The expressions of molecules related to the protein degradation system, phosphorylated forkhead box class O3a, inhibitor of κBα, microRNA (miR)-1, and miR-23a, were decreased only in WT mice in response to hindlimb unloading, and 72-kDa heat shock protein expression was higher in AMPK-DN mice than in WT mice. These results imply that AMPK partially regulates unloading-induced atrophy of slow-twitch muscle possibly through modulation of the protein degradation system, especially the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Egawa
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ayumi Goto
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan; Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Ohno
- Laboratory of Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shingo Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ikuta
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan
| | - Miho Suzuki
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takao Sugiura
- Department of Exercise and Sports Physiology, Faculty of Education, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Ohira
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan; and
| | | | - Tatsuya Hayashi
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Goto
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan;
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Zhang H, Guan M, Townsend KL, Huang TL, An D, Yan X, Xue R, Schulz TJ, Winnay J, Mori M, Hirshman MF, Kristiansen K, Tsang JS, White AP, Cypess AM, Goodyear LJ, Tseng YH. MicroRNA-455 regulates brown adipogenesis via a novel HIF1an-AMPK-PGC1α signaling network. EMBO Rep 2015; 16:1378-93. [PMID: 26303948 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201540837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates chemical energy as heat and can counteract obesity. MicroRNAs are emerging as key regulators in development and disease. Combining microRNA and mRNA microarray profiling followed by bioinformatic analyses, we identified miR-455 as a new regulator of brown adipogenesis. miR-455 exhibits a BAT-specific expression pattern and is induced by cold and the browning inducer BMP7. In vitro gain- and loss-of-function studies show that miR-455 regulates brown adipocyte differentiation and thermogenesis. Adipose-specific miR-455 transgenic mice display marked browning of subcutaneous white fat upon cold exposure. miR-455 activates AMPKα1 by targeting HIF1an, and AMPK promotes the brown adipogenic program and mitochondrial biogenesis. Concomitantly, miR-455 also targets the adipogenic suppressors Runx1t1 and Necdin, initiating adipogenic differentiation. Taken together, the data reveal a novel microRNA-regulated signaling network that controls brown adipogenesis and may be a potential therapeutic target for human metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Zhang
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Meiping Guan
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kristy L Townsend
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tian Lian Huang
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ding An
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xu Yan
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruidan Xue
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tim J Schulz
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Adipocyte Development Research Group, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jonathon Winnay
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcelo Mori
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Department of Biophysics, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael F Hirshman
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - John S Tsang
- Systems Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew P White
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron M Cypess
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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39
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Ha J, Guan KL, Kim J. AMPK and autophagy in glucose/glycogen metabolism. Mol Aspects Med 2015; 46:46-62. [PMID: 26297963 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glucose/glycogen metabolism is a primary metabolic pathway acting on a variety of cellular needs, such as proliferation, growth, and survival against stresses. The multiple regulatory mechanisms underlying a specific metabolic fate have been documented and explained the molecular basis of various pathophysiological conditions, including metabolic disorders and cancers. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been appreciated for many years as a central metabolic regulator to inhibit energy-consuming pathways as well as to activate the compensating energy-producing programs. In fact, glucose starvation is a potent physiological AMPK activating condition, in which AMPK triggers various subsequent metabolic events depending on cells or tissues. Of note, the recent studies show bidirectional interplay between AMPK and glycogen. A growing number of studies have proposed additional level of metabolic regulation by a lysosome-dependent catabolic program, autophagy. Autophagy is a critical degradative pathway not only for maintenance of cellular homeostasis to remove potentially dangerous constituents, such as protein aggregates and dysfunctional subcellular organelles, but also for adaptive responses to metabolic stress, such as nutrient starvation. Importantly, many lines of evidence indicate that autophagy is closely connected with nutrient signaling modules, including AMPK, to fine-tune the metabolic pathways in response to many different cellular cues. In this review, we introduce the studies demonstrating the role of AMPK and autophagy in glucose/glycogen metabolism. Also, we describe the recent advances on their contributions to the metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Research Center and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Joungmok Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Tissue Regeneration, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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40
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Mul JD, Stanford KI, Hirshman MF, Goodyear LJ. Exercise and Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 135:17-37. [PMID: 26477909 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are the preferred substrate for contracting skeletal muscles during high-intensity exercise and are also readily utilized during moderate intensity exercise. This use of carbohydrates during physical activity likely played an important role during the survival of early Homo sapiens, and genes and traits regulating physical activity, carbohydrate metabolism, and energy storage have undoubtedly been selected throughout evolution. In contrast to the life of early H. sapiens, modern lifestyles are predominantly sedentary. As a result, intake of excessive amounts of carbohydrates due to the easy and continuous accessibility to modern high-energy food and drinks has not only become unnecessary but also led to metabolic diseases in the face of physical inactivity. A resulting metabolic disease is type 2 diabetes, a complex endocrine disorder characterized by abnormally high concentrations of circulating glucose. This disease now affects millions of people worldwide. Exercise has beneficial effects to help control impaired glucose homeostasis with metabolic disease, and is a well-established tool to prevent and combat type 2 diabetes. This chapter focuses on the effects of exercise on carbohydrate metabolism in skeletal muscle and systemic glucose homeostasis. We will also focus on the molecular mechanisms that mediate the effects of exercise to increase glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. It is now well established that there are different proximal signaling pathways that mediate the effects of exercise and insulin on glucose uptake, and these distinct mechanisms are consistent with the ability of exercise to increase glucose uptake in the face of insulin resistance in people with type 2 diabetes. Ongoing research in this area is aimed at defining the precise mechanism by which exercise increases glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity and the types of exercise necessary for these important health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joram D Mul
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael F Hirshman
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham, and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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41
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Plaideau C, Lai YC, Kviklyte S, Zanou N, Löfgren L, Andersén H, Vertommen D, Gailly P, Hue L, Bohlooly-Y M, Hallén S, Rider MH. Effects of pharmacological AMP deaminase inhibition and Ampd1 deletion on nucleotide levels and AMPK activation in contracting skeletal muscle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 21:1497-1510. [PMID: 25459662 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a central role in regulating metabolism and energy homeostasis. It achieves its function by sensing fluctuations in the AMP:ATP ratio. AMP deaminase (AMPD) converts AMP into IMP, and the AMPD1 isoenzyme is expressed in skeletal muscles. Here, effects of pharmacological inhibition and genetic deletion of AMPD were examined in contracting skeletal muscles. Pharmacological AMPD inhibition potentiated rises in AMP, AMP:ATP ratio, AMPK Thr172, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) Ser218 phosphorylation induced by electrical stimulation, without affecting glucose transport. In incubated extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles from Ampd1 knockout mice, increases in AMP levels and AMP:ATP ratio by electrical stimulation were potentiated considerably compared with muscles from wild-type mice, whereas enhanced AMPK activation was moderate and only observed in soleus, suggesting control by factors other than changes in adenine nucleotides. AMPD inhibitors could be useful tools for enhancing AMPK activation in cells and tissues during ATP-depletion.
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42
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ALVIM RAFAELO, CHEUHEN MARCELR, MACHADO SILMARAR, SOUSA ANDRÉGUSTAVOP, SANTOS PAULOC. General aspects of muscle glucose uptake. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 87:351-68. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201520140225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucose uptake in peripheral tissues is dependent on the translocation of GLUT4 glucose transporters to the plasma membrane. Studies have shown the existence of two major signaling pathways that lead to the translocation of GLUT4. The first, and widely investigated, is the insulin activated signaling pathway through insulin receptor substrate-1 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. The second is the insulin-independent signaling pathway, which is activated by contractions. Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus have reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle due to the phenomenon of insulin resistance. However, those individuals have normal glucose uptake during exercise. In this context, physical exercise is one of the most important interventions that stimulates glucose uptake by insulin-independent pathways, and the main molecules involved are adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, nitric oxide, bradykinin, AKT, reactive oxygen species and calcium. In this review, our main aims were to highlight the different glucose uptake pathways and to report the effects of physical exercise, diet and drugs on their functioning. Lastly, with the better understanding of these pathways, it would be possible to assess, exactly and molecularly, the importance of physical exercise and diet on glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, it would be possible to assess the action of drugs that might optimize glucose uptake and consequently be an important step in controlling the blood glucose levels in diabetic patients, in addition to being important to clarify some pathways that justify the development of drugs capable of mimicking the contraction pathway.
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43
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Hong YH, Frugier T, Zhang X, Murphy RM, Lynch GS, Betik AC, Rattigan S, McConell GK. Glucose uptake during contraction in isolated skeletal muscles from neuronal nitric oxide synthase μ knockout mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 118:1113-21. [PMID: 25749441 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00056.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) significantly attenuates the increase in skeletal muscle glucose uptake during contraction/exercise, and a greater attenuation is observed in individuals with Type 2 diabetes compared with healthy individuals. Therefore, NO appears to play an important role in mediating muscle glucose uptake during contraction. In this study, we investigated the involvement of neuronal NOSμ (nNOSμ), the main NOS isoform activated during contraction, on skeletal muscle glucose uptake during ex vivo contraction. Extensor digitorum longus muscles were isolated from nNOSμ(-/-) and nNOSμ(+/+) mice. Muscles were contracted ex vivo in a temperature-controlled (30°C) organ bath with or without the presence of the NOS inhibitor N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine (L-NMMA) and the NOS substrate L-arginine. Glucose uptake was determined by radioactive tracers. Skeletal muscle glucose uptake increased approximately fourfold during contraction in muscles from both nNOSμ(-/-) and nNOSμ(+/+) mice. L-NMMA significantly attenuated the increase in muscle glucose uptake during contraction in both genotypes. This attenuation was reversed by L-arginine, suggesting that L-NMMA attenuated the increase in muscle glucose uptake during contraction by inhibiting NOS and not via a nonspecific effect of the inhibitor. Low levels of NOS activity (~4%) were detected in muscles from nNOSμ(-/-) mice, and there was no evidence of compensation from other NOS isoform or AMP-activated protein kinase which is also involved in mediating muscle glucose uptake during contraction. These results indicate that NO regulates skeletal muscle glucose uptake during ex vivo contraction independently of nNOSμ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yet Hoi Hong
- College of Health and Biomedicine and Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Malaysia
| | - Tony Frugier
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xinmei Zhang
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robyn M Murphy
- Department of Zoology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gordon S Lynch
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; and
| | - Andrew C Betik
- College of Health and Biomedicine and Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen Rattigan
- Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Glenn K McConell
- College of Health and Biomedicine and Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia;
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44
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Stanford KI, Goodyear LJ. Exercise and type 2 diabetes: molecular mechanisms regulating glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2014; 38:308-14. [PMID: 25434013 PMCID: PMC4315445 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00080.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Exercise is a well-established tool to prevent and combat type 2 diabetes. Exercise improves whole body metabolic health in people with type 2 diabetes, and adaptations to skeletal muscle are essential for this improvement. An acute bout of exercise increases skeletal muscle glucose uptake, while chronic exercise training improves mitochondrial function, increases mitochondrial biogenesis, and increases the expression of glucose transporter proteins and numerous metabolic genes. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms that mediate the effects of exercise to increase glucose uptake in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin I Stanford
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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45
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Markan KR, Naber MC, Ameka MK, Anderegg MD, Mangelsdorf DJ, Kliewer SA, Mohammadi M, Potthoff MJ. Circulating FGF21 is liver derived and enhances glucose uptake during refeeding and overfeeding. Diabetes 2014; 63:4057-63. [PMID: 25008183 PMCID: PMC4238010 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)21 is an endocrine hormone that is expressed in multiple tissues and functions physiologically to maintain energy homeostasis. FGF21 is being pursued as a therapeutic target for diabetes and obesity because of its rapid and potent effects on improving insulin sensitivity. However, whether FGF21 enhances insulin sensitivity under physiologic conditions remains unclear. Here, we show that liver-derived FGF21 enters the circulation during fasting but also remains present and functional during the early stage of refeeding. After a prolonged fast, FGF21 acts as an insulin sensitizer to overcome the peripheral insulin resistance induced by fasting, thereby maximizing glucose uptake. Likewise, FGF21 is produced from the liver during overfeeding and mitigates peripheral insulin resistance. DIO FGF21 liver-specific knockout, but not FGF21 adipose-specific knockout, mice have increased insulin resistance and decreased brown adipose tissue-mediated glucose disposal. These data are compatible with the concept that FGF21 functions physiologically as an insulin sensitizer under conditions of acute refeeding and overfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen R Markan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Meghan C Naber
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Magdalene K Ameka
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Maxwell D Anderegg
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - David J Mangelsdorf
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Steven A Kliewer
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Moosa Mohammadi
- Department of Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Matthew J Potthoff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
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Marcinko K, Steinberg GR. The role of AMPK in controlling metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis during exercise. Exp Physiol 2014; 99:1581-5. [PMID: 25261498 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2014.082255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is associated with defects in skeletal muscle fatty acid (FA) metabolism that contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes. Endurance exercise increases FA and glucose metabolism, muscle mitochondrial content and insulin sensitivity. In skeletal muscle, basal rates of FA oxidation are dependent on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2, the rate-limiting enzyme controlling the production of the metabolic intermediate malonyl-CoA. Likewise, AMPK is essential for maintaining muscle mitochondrial content in untrained mice; effects that may be mediated through regulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator-1α. However, the importance of AMPK in regulating glucose and FA uptake, FA oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis during and following endurance exercise training is not fully understood. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which endurance exercise regulates substrate utilization and mitochondrial biogenesis may lead to improved therapeutic and preventative strategies for the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Marcinko
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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47
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Abstract
Recent discoveries of AMPK activators point to the large number of therapeutic candidates that can be transformed to successful designs of novel drugs. AMPK is a universal energy sensor and influences almost all physiological processes in the cells. Thus, regulation of the cellular energy metabolism can be achieved in selective tissues via the artificial activation of AMPK by small molecules. Recently, special attention has been given to direct activators of AMPK that are regulated by several nonspecific upstream factors. The direct activation of AMPK, by definition, should lead to more specific biological activities and as a result minimize possible side effects.
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48
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Role of AMPK α in skeletal muscle glycometabolism regulation and adaptation in relation to sepsis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:390760. [PMID: 25097857 PMCID: PMC4100375 DOI: 10.1155/2014/390760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) protein always involve disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism. Objective. To determine whether the change of blood glucose in the early stage of septic rat is associated with the alteration of AMPKα protein expression and GLUT4 protein translocation expression. Methods. Animal models of sepsis were induced by tail vein injection of LPS in Wistar rats. The dynamic values of blood glucose within 2 hours after injection of LPS were observed. AMPKα protein and GLUT4 protein translocation in different tissues (such as soleus muscle and extensor digitorum longus) were assessed by western blot.
Results. Blood glucose levels appeared to rise at 0.5 h after injection of LPS, arrived the peak value at 1 h, then fell at 1.5 h and 2 h Animals in LPS group experienced the increase of phos-AMPKα protein and GLUT4 protein translocation expression in soleus muscle and extensor digitorum longus. Conclusion. The dynamic change of blood glucose, represented in a form of initiative increase and subsequent decrease in the early stage of sepsis, may be related to glycometabolism disorder in the skeletal muscle, coming down to enhancement of GLUT4 translocation expression promoted by activation of AMPKα.
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49
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Lantier L, Fentz J, Mounier R, Leclerc J, Treebak JT, Pehmøller C, Sanz N, Sakakibara I, Saint‐Amand E, Rimbaud S, Maire P, Marette A, Ventura‐Clapier R, Ferry A, Wojtaszewski JFP, Foretz M, Viollet B. AMPK controls exercise endurance, mitochondrial oxidative capacity, and skeletal muscle integrity. FASEB J 2014; 28:3211-24. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-250449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Lantier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité (U)1016Institut CochinParisFrance
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)8104ParisFrance
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Joachim Fentz
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyThe August Krogh CentreDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise, and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Rémi Mounier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité (U)1016Institut CochinParisFrance
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)8104ParisFrance
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Jocelyne Leclerc
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité (U)1016Institut CochinParisFrance
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)8104ParisFrance
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Jonas T. Treebak
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyThe August Krogh CentreDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise, and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Christian Pehmøller
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyThe August Krogh CentreDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise, and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Nieves Sanz
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité (U)1016Institut CochinParisFrance
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)8104ParisFrance
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Iori Sakakibara
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité (U)1016Institut CochinParisFrance
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)8104ParisFrance
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | | | | | - Pascal Maire
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité (U)1016Institut CochinParisFrance
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)8104ParisFrance
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | | | | | - Arnaud Ferry
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
- Institut de Myologie, INSERM, U974, CNRS UMR 7215Université Pierre et Marie CurieParisFrance
| | - Jørgen F. P. Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyThe August Krogh CentreDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise, and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Marc Foretz
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité (U)1016Institut CochinParisFrance
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)8104ParisFrance
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité (U)1016Institut CochinParisFrance
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)8104ParisFrance
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
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50
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Insulin- and contraction-induced glucose transporter 4 traffic in muscle: insights from a novel imaging approach. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2014; 41:77-86. [PMID: 23072821 DOI: 10.1097/jes.0b013e318275574c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Insulin- and contraction-mediated glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) trafficking have different kinetics in mature skeletal muscle. Intravital imaging indicates that insulin-stimulated GLUT4 trafficking differs between t-tubules and sarcolemma. In contrast, contraction-induced GLUT4 trafficking does not differ between membrane surfaces. This distinction likely is caused by differences in the underlying signaling pathways regulating GLUT4 vesicle depletion, GLUT4 membrane fusion, and GLUT4 reinternalization.
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