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Mashhadi Z, Yin L, Dosoky NS, Chen W, Davies SS. Plaat1l1 controls feeding induced NAPE biosynthesis and contributes to energy balance regulation in zebrafish. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 174:106869. [PMID: 38977258 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Dysregulation of energy balance leading to obesity is a significant risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases such as diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis. In rodents and several other vertebrates, feeding has been shown to induce a rapid rise in the intestinal levels of N-acyl-ethanolamines (NAEs) and the chronic consumption of a high fat diet abolishes this rise. Administering NAEs to rodents consuming a high fat diet reduces their adiposity, in part by reducing food intake and enhancing fat oxidation, so that feeding-induced intestinal NAE biosynthesis appears to be critical to appropriate regulation of energy balance. However, the contribution of feeding-induced intestinal NAE biosynthesis to appropriate energy balance remains poorly understood in part because there are multiple enzymes that can contribute to NAE biosynthesis and the specific enzyme(s) that are responsible for feeding-induced intestinal NAE biosynthesis have not been identified. The rate-limiting step in the intestinal biosynthesis of NAEs is formation of their immediate precursors, the N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs), by phosphatidylethanolamine N-acyltransferases (NATs). At least six NATs are found in humans and multiple homologs of these NATs are found in most vertebrate species. In recent years, the fecundity and small size of zebrafish (Danio rerio), as well as their similarities in feeding behavior and energy balance regulation with mammals, have led to their use to model key features of cardiometabolic disease. We therefore searched the Danio rerio genome to identify all NAT homologs and found two additional NAT homologs besides the previously reported plaat1, rarres3, and rarres3l, and used CRISPR/cas9 to delete these two NAT homologs (plaat1l1 and plaat1l2). While wild-type fish markedly increased their intestinal NAPE levels in response to a meal after fasting, this response was completely ablated in plaat1l1-/-fish. Furthermore, plaat1l1-/- fish fed a standard flake diet had increased weight gain and glucose intolerance compared to wild-type fish. The results support a critical role for feeding-induced NAPE and NAE biosynthesis in regulating energy balance and suggest that restoring this response in obese animals could potentially be used to treat obesity and cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mashhadi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Linlin Yin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Noura S Dosoky
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Wenbiao Chen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sean S Davies
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Institute for Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.
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2
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Costa A, Lucarini E. Treating chronic stress and chronic pain by manipulating gut microbiota with diet: can we kill two birds with one stone? Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-24. [PMID: 38889540 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2365021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Background: Chronic stress and chronic pain are closely linked by the capacity to exacerbate each other, sharing common roots in the brain and in the gut. The strict intersection between these two neurological diseases makes important to have a therapeutic strategy aimed at preventing both to maintain mental health in patients. Diet is an modifiable lifestyle factor associated with gut-brain axis diseases and there is growing interest in its use as adjuvant to main therapies. Several evidence attest the impact of specific diets or nutrients on chronic stress-related disorders and pain with a good degree of certainty. A daily adequate intake of foods containing micronutrients such as amino acids, minerals and vitamins, as well as the reduction in the consumption of processed food products can have a positive impact on microbiota and gut health. Many nutrients are endowed of prebiotic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective potential which make them useful tools helping the management of chronic stress and pain in patients. Dietary regimes, as intermittent fasting or caloric restriction, are promising, although further studies are needed to optimize protocols according to patient's medical history, age and sex. Moreover, by supporting gut microbiota health with diet is possible to attenuate comorbidities such as obesity, gastrointestinal dysfunction and mood disorders, thus reducing healthcare costs related to chronic stress or pain.Objective: This review summarize the most recent evidence on the microbiota-mediated beneficial effects of macro- and micronutrients, dietary-related factors, specific nutritional regimens and dietary intervention on these pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Costa
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Area and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Lucarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Area and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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3
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Zhuang J, Shang Q, Rastinejad F, Wu D. Decoding Allosteric Control in Hypoxia-Inducible Factors. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168352. [PMID: 37935255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian family of basic helix-loop-helix-PER-ARNT-SIM (bHLH-PAS) transcription factors possess the ability to sense and respond to diverse environmental and physiological cues. These proteins all share a common structural framework, comprising a bHLH domain, two PAS domains, and transcriptional activation or repression domain. To function effectively as transcription factors, members of the family must form dimers, bringing together bHLH segments to create a functional unit that allows for DNA response element binding. The significance of bHLH-PAS family is underscored by their involvement in many major human diseases, offering potential avenues for therapeutic intervention. Notably, the clear identification of ligand-binding cavities within their PAS domains enables the development of targeted small molecules. Two examples are Belzutifan, targeting hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2α, and Tapinarof, targeting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), both of which have gained regulatory approval recently. Here, we focus on the HIF subfamily. The crystal structures of all three HIF-α proteins have been elucidated, revealing their bHLH and tandem PAS domains are used to engage their dimerization partner aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT, also called HIF-1β). A broad range of recent findings point to a shared allosteric modulation mechanism among these proteins, whereby small-molecules at the PAS-B domains exert direct influence over the HIF-α transcriptional functions. As our understanding of the architectural and allosteric mechanisms of bHLH-PAS proteins continues to advance, the possibility of discovering new therapeutic drugs becomes increasingly promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhuang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; Helmholtz International Lab, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qinghong Shang
- Helmholtz International Lab, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Fraydoon Rastinejad
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK.
| | - Dalei Wu
- Helmholtz International Lab, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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4
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Engin AB, Engin A. The Checkpoints of Intestinal Fat Absorption in Obesity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1460:73-95. [PMID: 39287849 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
In this chapter, intestinal lipid transport, which plays a central role in fat homeostasis and the development of obesity in addition to the mechanisms of fatty acids and monoacylglycerol absorption in the intestinal lumen and reassembly of these within the enterocyte was described. A part of the resynthesized triglycerides (triacylglycerols; TAG) is repackaged in the intestine to form the hydrophobic core of chylomicrons (CMs). These are delivered as metabolic fuels, essential fatty acids, and other lipid-soluble nutrients, from enterocytes to the peripheral tissues following detachment from the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Moreover, the attitudes of multiple receptor functions in dietary lipid uptake, synthesis, and transport are highlighted. Additionally, intestinal fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs), which increase the cytosolic flux of fatty acids via intermembrane transfer in enterocytes, and the functions of checkpoints for receptor-mediated fatty acid signaling are debated. The importance of the balance between storage and secretion of dietary fat by enterocytes in determining the physiological fate of dietary fat, including regulation of blood lipid concentrations and energy balance, is mentioned. Consequently, promising checkpoints regarding how intestinal fat processing affects lipid homeostatic mechanisms and lipid stores in the body and the prevention of obesity-lipotoxicity due to excessive intestinal lipid absorption are evaluated. In this context, dietary TAG digestion, pharmacological inhibition of TAG hydrolysis, the regulation of long-chain fatty acid uptake traffic into adipocytes, intracellular TAG resynthesis, the enlargement of cytoplasmic lipid droplets in enterocytes and constitutional alteration of their proteome, CD36-mediated conversion of diet-derived fatty acid into cellular lipid messengers and their functions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Basak Engin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Gazi University, Hipodrom, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
- Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey
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5
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Guo J, Zhou B, Niu Y, Liu L, Yang L. Engineered probiotics introduced to improve intestinal microecology for the treatment of chronic diseases: present state and perspectives. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:1029-1038. [PMID: 37975092 PMCID: PMC10638336 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01279-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Correcting intestinal microecological imbalance has become one of the core strategies to treat chronic diseases. Some traditional microecology-based therapies targeting intestine, such as prebiotic therapy, probiotic therapy and fecal microbiota transplantation therapy, have been used in the prevention and treatment of clinical chronic diseases, which still facing low safety and poor controllability problems. The development of synthetic biology technology has promoted the development of intestinal microecology-based therapeutics for chronic diseases, which exhibiting higher robustness and controllability, and become an important part of the next generation of microecological therapy. The purpose of this review is to summarize the application of synthetic biology in intestinal microecology-based therapeutics for chronic diseases. Methods The available literatures were searched to find out experimental studies and relevant review articles on the application of synthetic biology in intestinal microecology-based therapeutics for chronic diseases from year 1990 to 2023. Results Evidence proposed that synthetic biology has been applied in the intestinal microecology-based therapeutics for chronic diseases, covering metabolic diseases (e.g. diabetes, obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and phenylketonuria), digestive diseases (e.g. inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer), and neurodegenerative diseases (e.g. Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease). Conclusion This review summarizes the application of synthetic biology in intestinal microecology-based therapeutics for major chronic diseases and discusses the opportunities and challenges in the above process, providing clinical possibilities of synthetic biology technology applied in microecological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianquan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, PR China
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi PR China
| | - Bangyuan Zhou
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi PR China
| | - Yali Niu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi PR China
| | - Liangpo Liu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi PR China
| | - Liyang Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 030619 Jinzhong, PR China
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6
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Forte N, Roussel C, Marfella B, Lauritano A, Villano R, De Leonibus E, Salviati E, Khalilzadehsabet T, Giorgini G, Silvestri C, Piscitelli F, Mollica MP, Di Marzo V, Cristino L. Olive oil-derived endocannabinoid-like mediators inhibit palatable food-induced reward and obesity. Commun Biol 2023; 6:959. [PMID: 37735539 PMCID: PMC10514336 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05295-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
N-oleoylglycine (OlGly), a lipid derived from the basic component of olive oil, oleic acid, and N-oleoylalanine (OlAla) are endocannabinoid-like mediators. We report that OlGly and OlAla, by activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), reduce the rewarding properties of a highly palatable food, dopamine neuron firing in the ventral tegmental area, and the obesogenic effect of a high-fat diet rich in lard (HFD-L). An isocaloric olive oil HFD (HFD-O) reduced body weight gain compared to the HFD-L, in a manner reversed by PPARα antagonism, and enhanced brain and intestinal OlGly levels and gut microbial diversity. OlGly or OlAla treatment of HFD-L mice resulted in gut microbiota taxonomic changes partly similar to those induced by HFD-O. We suggest that OlGly and OlAla control body weight by counteracting highly palatable food overconsumption, and possibly rebalancing the gut microbiota, and provide a potential new mechanism of action for the obeso-preventive effects of olive oil-rich diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Forte
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Charlène Roussel
- Heart and Lung Research Institute of Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods, Centre NUTRISS, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Brenda Marfella
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Lauritano
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Rosaria Villano
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Elvira De Leonibus
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Tina Khalilzadehsabet
- Heart and Lung Research Institute of Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods, Centre NUTRISS, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Giada Giorgini
- Heart and Lung Research Institute of Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods, Centre NUTRISS, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Cristoforo Silvestri
- Heart and Lung Research Institute of Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods, Centre NUTRISS, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Fabiana Piscitelli
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
- Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, 80126, Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy.
- Heart and Lung Research Institute of Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.
- Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods, Centre NUTRISS, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, 61V0AG, Canada.
| | - Luigia Cristino
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy.
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7
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Zarrow J, Alli-Oluwafuyi AM, Youwakim CM, Kim K, Jenkins AN, Suero IC, Jones MR, Mashhadi Z, Mackie K, Waterson AG, Doran AC, Sulikowski GA, Davies SS. Small Molecule Activation of NAPE-PLD Enhances Efferocytosis by Macrophages. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:1891-1904. [PMID: 37531659 PMCID: PMC10443532 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
N-Acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine hydrolyzing phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD) is a zinc metallohydrolase that hydrolyzes N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs) to form N-acyl-ethanolamines (NAEs) and phosphatidic acid. Several lines of evidence suggest that reduced NAPE-PLD activity could contribute to cardiometabolic diseases. For instance, NAPEPLD expression is reduced in human coronary arteries with unstable atherosclerotic lesions, defective efferocytosis is implicated in the enlargement of necrotic cores of these lesions, and NAPE-PLD products such as palmitoylethanolamide and oleoylethanolamide have been shown to enhance efferocytosis. Thus, enzyme activation mediated by a small molecule may serve as a therapeutic treatment for cardiometabolic diseases. As a proof-of-concept study, we sought to identify small molecule activators of NAPE-PLD. High-throughput screening followed by hit validation and primary lead optimization studies identified a series of benzothiazole phenylsulfonyl-piperidine carboxamides that variably increased activity of both mouse and human NAPE-PLD. From this set of small molecules, two NAPE-PLD activators (VU534 and VU533) were shown to increase efferocytosis by bone-marrow derived macrophages isolated from wild-type mice, while efferocytosis was significantly reduced in Napepld-/- BMDM or after Nape-pld inhibition. Together, these studies demonstrate an essential role for NAPE-PLD in the regulation of efferocytosis and the potential value of NAPE-PLD activators as a strategy to treat cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah
E. Zarrow
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | | | - Cristina M. Youwakim
- Department
of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center. Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Kwangho Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Vanderbilt
Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Andrew N. Jenkins
- Department
of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham
Young University. Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Isabelle C. Suero
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Margaret R. Jones
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Zahra Mashhadi
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Ken Mackie
- Gill Center
and Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Alex G. Waterson
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Vanderbilt
Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Amanda C. Doran
- Department
of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center. Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Gary A. Sulikowski
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Vanderbilt
Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Sean S. Davies
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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8
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Seramur ME, Sink S, Cox AO, Furdui CM, Key CCC. ABHD4 regulates adipocyte differentiation in vitro but does not affect adipose tissue lipid metabolism in mice. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100405. [PMID: 37352974 PMCID: PMC10400869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha/beta hydrolase domain-containing protein 4 (ABHD4) catalyzes the deacylation of N-acyl phosphatidyl-ethanolamine (NAPE) and lyso-NAPE to produce glycerophospho-N-acyl ethanolamine (GP-NAE). Through a variety of metabolic enzymes, NAPE, lyso-NAPE, and GP-NAE are ultimately converted into NAE, a group of bioactive lipids that control many physiological processes including inflammation, cognition, food intake, and lipolysis (i.e., oleoylethanolamide or OEA). In a diet-induced obese mouse model, adipose tissue Abhd4 gene expression positively correlated with adiposity. However, it is unknown whether Abhd4 is a causal or a reactive gene to obesity. To fill this knowledge gap, we generated an Abhd4 knockout (KO) 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte. During adipogenic stimulation, Abhd4 KO pre-adipocytes had increased adipogenesis and lipid accumulation, suggesting Abhd4 is responding to (a reactive gene), not contributing to (not a causal gene), adiposity, and may serve as a mechanism for protecting against obesity. However, we did not observe any differences in adiposity and metabolic outcomes between whole-body Abhd4 KO or adipocyte-specific Abhd4 KO mice and their littermate control mice (both male and female) on chow or a high-fat diet. This might be because we found that deletion of Abhd4 did not affect NAE such as OEA production, even though Abhd4 was highly expressed in adipose tissue and correlated with fasting adipose OEA levels and lipolysis. These data suggest that ABHD4 regulates adipocyte differentiation in vitro but does not affect adipose tissue lipid metabolism in mice despite nutrient overload, possibly due to compensation from other NAPE and NAE metabolic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Seramur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sandy Sink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Anderson O Cox
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Chia-Chi Chuang Key
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA.
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9
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Higuchi S, Wood C, Nasiri RH, Giddla LJ, Molina V, Diarra R, DiPatrizio NV, Kawamura A, Haeusler RA. The 16α-hydroxylated Bile Acid, Pythocholic Acid Decreases Food Intake and Increases Oleoylethanolamide in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad116. [PMID: 37490843 PMCID: PMC10407715 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of bile acid (BA) structure is a potential strategy for obesity and metabolic disease treatment. BAs act not only as signaling molecules involved in energy expenditure and glucose homeostasis, but also as regulators of food intake. The structure of BAs, particularly the position of the hydroxyl groups of BAs, impacts food intake partly by intestinal effects: (1) modulating the activity of N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D, which produces the anorexigenic bioactive lipid oleoylethanolamide (OEA) or (2) regulating lipid absorption and the gastric emptying-satiation pathway. We hypothesized that 16α-hydroxylated BAs uniquely regulate food intake because of the long intermeal intervals in snake species in which these BAs are abundant. However, the effects of 16α-hydroxylated BAs in mammals are completely unknown because they are not naturally found in mammals. To test the effect of 16α-hydroxylated BAs on food intake, we isolated the 16α-hydroxylated BA pythocholic acid from ball pythons (Python regius). Pythocholic acid or deoxycholic acid (DCA) was given by oral gavage in mice. DCA is known to increase N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D activity better than other mammalian BAs. We evaluated food intake, OEA levels, and gastric emptying in mice. We successfully isolated pythocholic acid from ball pythons for experimental use. Pythocholic acid treatment significantly decreased food intake in comparison to DCA treatment, and this was associated with increased jejunal OEA, but resulted in no change in gastric emptying or lipid absorption. The exogenous BA pythocholic acid is a novel regulator of food intake and the satiety signal for OEA in the mouse intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Higuchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Courtney Wood
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Raidah H Nasiri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Leela J Giddla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Valentina Molina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Rokia Diarra
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Nicholas V DiPatrizio
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Akira Kawamura
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of CUNY, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rebecca A Haeusler
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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10
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Romano A, Friuli M, Eramo B, Gallelli CA, Koczwara JB, Azari EK, Paquot A, Arnold M, Langhans W, Muccioli GG, Lutz TA, Gaetani S. "To brain or not to brain": evaluating the possible direct effects of the satiety factor oleoylethanolamide in the central nervous system. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1158287. [PMID: 37234803 PMCID: PMC10206109 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1158287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oleoylethanolamide (OEA), an endogenous N-acylethanolamine acting as a gut-to-brain signal to control food intake and metabolism, has been attracting attention as a target for novel therapies against obesity and eating disorders. Numerous observations suggested that the OEA effects might be peripherally mediated, although they involve central pathways including noradrenergic, histaminergic and oxytocinergic systems of the brainstem and the hypothalamus. Whether these pathways are activated directly by OEA or whether they are downstream of afferent nerves is still highly debated. Some early studies suggested vagal afferent fibers as the main route, but our previous observations have contradicted this idea and led us to consider the blood circulation as an alternative way for OEA's central actions. Methods To test this hypothesis, we first investigated the impact of subdiaphragmatic vagal deafferentation (SDA) on the OEA-induced activation of selected brain nuclei. Then, we analyzed the pattern of OEA distribution in plasma and brain at different time points after intraperitoneal administration in addition to measuring food intake. Results Confirming and extending our previous findings that subdiaphragmatic vagal afferents are not necessary for the eating-inhibitory effect of exogenous OEA, our present results demonstrate that vagal sensory fibers are also not necessary for the neurochemical effects of OEA. Rather, within a few minutes after intraperitoneal administration, we found an increased concentration of intact OEA in different brain areas, associated with the inhibition of food intake. Conclusion Our results support that systemic OEA rapidly reaches the brain via the circulation and inhibits eating by acting directly on selected brain nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Romano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Friuli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Eramo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Anna Gallelli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Justyna Barbara Koczwara
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Adrien Paquot
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Myrtha Arnold
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Giulio G. Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Alexander Lutz
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvana Gaetani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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11
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De Filippo C, Costa A, Becagli MV, Monroy MM, Provensi G, Passani MB. Gut microbiota and oleoylethanolamide in the regulation of intestinal homeostasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1135157. [PMID: 37091842 PMCID: PMC10113643 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1135157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A vast literature strongly suggests that the endocannabinoid (eCB) system and related bioactive lipids (the paracannabinoid system) contribute to numerous physiological processes and are involved in pathological conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and intestinal inflammation. The gut paracannabinoid system exerts a prominent role in gut physiology as it affects motility, permeability, and inflammatory responses. Another important player in the regulation of host metabolism is the intestinal microbiota, as microorganisms are indispensable to protect the intestine against exogenous pathogens and potentially harmful resident microorganisms. In turn, the composition of the microbiota is regulated by intestinal immune responses. The intestinal microbial community plays a fundamental role in the development of the innate immune system and is essential in shaping adaptive immunity. The active interplay between microbiota and paracannabinoids is beginning to appear as potent regulatory system of the gastrointestinal homeostasis. In this context, oleoylethanolamide (OEA), a key component of the physiological systems involved in the regulation of dietary fat consumption, energy homeostasis, intestinal motility, and a key factor in modulating eating behavior, is a less studied lipid mediator. In the small intestine namely duodenum and jejunum, levels of OEA change according to the nutrient status as they decrease during food deprivation and increase upon refeeding. Recently, we and others showed that OEA treatment in rodents protects against inflammatory events and changes the intestinal microbiota composition. In this review, we briefly define the role of OEA and of the gut microbiota in intestinal homeostasis and recapitulate recent findings suggesting an interplay between OEA and the intestinal microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta De Filippo
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessia Costa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Mariela Mejia Monroy
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gustavo Provensi
- Dipartimento di Neurofarba, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maria Beatrice Passani, ; Gustavo Provensi,
| | - Maria Beatrice Passani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maria Beatrice Passani, ; Gustavo Provensi,
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12
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Lange T, Depmeier T, Strünker T, Lehr M. HPLC fluorescence assay for measuring the activity of NAPE-PLD and the action of inhibitors affecting this enzyme. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 229:115354. [PMID: 37003086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
N-Acyl phosphatidylethanolamine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD) is the major enzyme for the biosynthesis of the endocannabinoid anandamide. The role of NAPE-PLD in various physiological and pathophysiological conditions is currently under investigation. For example, the enzyme might be involved in the control of neuronal activity, embryonic development and pregnancy, and prostate cancer. We synthesized a novel NAPE-PLD substrate with a fluorogenic pyrene substituent at the N-acyl residue as tool compound for studying this enzyme. As shown by HPLC with fluorescence detection, in rat brain microsomes the substrate was transformed into the expected pyrene-labeled N-acylethanolamine (NAE), but minor amounts of three by-products could also be detected. In the presence of pan-serine hydrolase and secretory phospholipase A2 inhibitors, the generation of these compounds, whose identity was verified using reference substances, was abolished. Based on these results, a method for determining the activity of NAPE-PLD was developed, validated, and applied to evaluate the action of known inhibitors of this enzyme. With human sperm, it was shown that the fluorescent substrate can also be used to study NAPE metabolism in intact cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lange
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tim Depmeier
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Timo Strünker
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Domagkstrasse 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Lehr
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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13
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Zarrow JE, Alli-Oluwafuyi AM, Youwakim CM, Kim K, Jenkins AN, Suero IC, Jones MR, Mashhadi Z, Mackie KP, Waterson AG, Doran AC, Sulikowski GA, Davies SS. Small Molecule Activation of NAPE-PLD Enhances Efferocytosis by Macrophages. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.25.525554. [PMID: 36747693 PMCID: PMC9900783 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.25.525554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
N -acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine hydrolyzing phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD) is a zinc metallohydrolase that hydrolyzes N -acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPEs) to form N -acyl-ethanolamides (NAEs) and phosphatidic acid. Several lines of evidence suggest that reduced NAPE-PLD activity could contribute to cardiometabolic diseases. For instance, NAPEPLD expression is reduced in human coronary arteries with unstable atherosclerotic lesions, defective efferocytosis is implicated in the enlargement of necrotic cores of these lesions, and NAPE-PLD products such as palmitoylethanolamide and oleoylethanolamide have been shown to enhance efferocytosis. Thus, enzyme activation mediated by a small molecule may serve as a therapeutic treatment for cardiometabolic diseases. As a proof-of-concept study, we sought to identify small molecule activators of NAPE-PLD. High-throughput screening followed by hit validation and primary lead optimization studies identified a series of benzothiazole phenylsulfonyl-piperidine carboxamides that variably increased activity of both mouse and human NAPE-PLD. From this set of small molecules, two NAPE-PLD activators (VU534 and VU533) were shown to increase efferocytosis by bone-marrow derived macrophages isolated from wild-type mice, while efferocytosis was significantly reduced in Napepld -/- BMDM or after Nape-pld inhibition. Together these studies demonstrate an essential role for NAPE-PLD in the regulation of efferocytosis and the potential value of NAPE-PLD activators as a strategy to treat cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah E. Zarrow
- Department of Pharmacology , Vanderbilt University. Nashville, TN
| | | | - Cristina M. Youwakim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Nashville, TN
| | - Kwangho Kim
- Department of Pharmacology Chemistry , Vanderbilt University. Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University. Nashville, TN
| | - Andrew N. Jenkins
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University. Provo, UT
| | | | - Margaret R. Jones
- Department of Pharmacology Chemistry , Vanderbilt University. Nashville, TN
| | - Zahra Mashhadi
- Department of Pharmacology , Vanderbilt University. Nashville, TN
| | - Kenneth P. Mackie
- Gill Center and Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Alex G. Waterson
- Department of Pharmacology , Vanderbilt University. Nashville, TN
- Department of Pharmacology Chemistry , Vanderbilt University. Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University. Nashville, TN
| | - Amanda C. Doran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Nashville, TN
| | - Gary A. Sulikowski
- Department of Pharmacology , Vanderbilt University. Nashville, TN
- Department of Pharmacology Chemistry , Vanderbilt University. Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University. Nashville, TN
| | - Sean S. Davies
- Department of Pharmacology , Vanderbilt University. Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University. Nashville, TN
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14
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Mock ED, Gagestein B, van der Stelt M. Anandamide and other N-acylethanolamines: A class of signaling lipids with therapeutic opportunities. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 89:101194. [PMID: 36150527 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), including N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA), N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA), N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA, anandamide), N-docosahexaenoylethanolamine (DHEA, synaptamide) and their oxygenated metabolites are a lipid messenger family with numerous functions in health and disease, including inflammation, anxiety and energy metabolism. The NAEs exert their signaling role through activation of various G protein-coupled receptors (cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, GPR55, GPR110, GPR119), ion channels (TRPV1) and nuclear receptors (PPAR-α and PPAR-γ) in the brain and periphery. The biological role of the oxygenated NAEs, such as prostamides, hydroxylated anandamide and DHEA derivatives, are less studied. Evidence is accumulating that NAEs and their oxidative metabolites may be aberrantly regulated or are associated with disease severity in obesity, metabolic syndrome, cancer, neuroinflammation and liver cirrhosis. Here, we comprehensively review NAE biosynthesis and degradation, their metabolism by lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases and cytochrome P450s and the biological functions of these signaling lipids. We discuss the latest findings and therapeutic potential of modulating endogenous NAE levels by inhibition of their degradation, which is currently under clinical evaluation for neuropsychiatric disorders. We also highlight NAE biosynthesis inhibition as an emerging topic with therapeutic opportunities in endocannabinoid and NAE signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot D Mock
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Berend Gagestein
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands.
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15
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Igarashi M, Hayakawa T, Tanabe H, Watanabe K, Nishida A, Kimura I. Intestinal GPR119 activation by microbiota-derived metabolites impacts feeding behavior and energy metabolism. Mol Metab 2022; 67:101649. [PMID: 36462626 PMCID: PMC9771719 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The gastrointestinal tract affects physiological activities and behavior by secreting hormones and generating signals through the activation of nutrient sensors. GPR119, a lipid sensor, is indirectly involved in the secretion of incretins, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, by enteroendocrine cells, while it directly stimulates insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells. Since GPR119 has the potential to modulate metabolic homeostasis in obesity and diabetes, it has attracted interest as a therapeutic target. However, previous studies have shown that the deletion of Gpr119 in mice does not affect glucose homeostasis and appetite in either basal or high-fat diet-fed conditions. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the role of GPR119 signaling system in energy metabolism and feeding behavior in mice. METHODS Gpr119 knockout (KO) mice were generated using CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technology, and their feeding behavior and energy metabolism were evaluated and compared with those of wild type (WT) mice. RESULTS Upon inducing metabolic stress via food deprivation, Gpr119 KO mice exhibited lower blood glucose levels and a higher body weight reduction compared to WT mice. Although food intake in WT and KO mice were similar under free-feeding conditions, Gpr119 KO mice exhibited increased food intake when they were refed after 24 h of food deprivation. Further, food-deprived Gpr119 KO mice presented shorter post-meal intervals and lower satiety for second and later meals during refeeding, resulting in increased food intake. Associated with this meal pattern, levels of oleoylethanolamide (OEA), an endogenous agonist of GPR119, in the luminal contents of the distal gastrointestinal tract were elevated within 2 h after refeeding. The large-intestinal infusion of OEA prolonged post-meal intervals and increased satiety in the first meal, but not the second meal. On the other hand, infusion of oleic acid increased cecal OEA levels at 2 h from the beginning of infusion, while prolonging post-meal intervals and increasing satiety on the meals that occurred approximately 2 h after the infusion. Cecal OEA levels were low in antibiotic-treated mice, suggesting that the gut microbiota partially synthesizes OEA from oleic acid. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results indicate that the activation of gastrointestinal GPR119 by microbiota-produced OEA derived from oleic acid is associated with satiety control and energy homeostasis under energy shortage conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Igarashi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai, Fuchu-City, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Neurological Disorders, 255 Furusawa-Tsuko, Asao-ku, Kanagawa 215-0026, Japan.
| | - Tetsuhiko Hayakawa
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai, Fuchu-City, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Haruka Tanabe
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Keita Watanabe
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Akari Nishida
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kimura
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai, Fuchu-City, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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16
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Boutagouga Boudjadja M, Culotta I, De Paula GC, Harno E, Hunter J, Cavalcanti-de-Albuquerque JP, Luckman SM, Hepworth M, White A, Aviello G, D'Agostino G. Hypothalamic AgRP neurons exert top-down control on systemic TNF-α release during endotoxemia. Curr Biol 2022; 32:4699-4706.e4. [PMID: 36182699 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Loss of appetite and negative energy balance are common features of endotoxemia in all animals and are thought to have protective roles by reducing nutrient availability to host and pathogen metabolism. Accordingly, fasting and caloric restriction have well-established anti-inflammatory properties. However, in response to reduced nutrient availability at the cellular and organ levels, negative energy balance also recruits distinct energy-sensing brain circuits, but it is not known whether these neuronal systems have a role in its anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we report that hypothalamic AgRP neurons-a critical neuronal population for the central representation of negative energy balance-have parallel immunoregulatory functions. We found that when endotoxemia occurs in fasted mice, the activity of AgRP neurons remains sustained, but this activity does not influence feeding behavior and endotoxemic anorexia. Furthermore, we found that endotoxemia acutely desensitizes AgRP neurons, which also become refractory to inhibitory signals. Mimicking this sustained AgRP neuron activity in fed mice by chemogenetic activation-a manipulation known to recapitulate core behavioral features of fasting-results in reduced acute tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) release during endotoxemia. Mechanistically, we found that endogenous glucocorticoids play an important role: glucocorticoid receptor deletion from AgRP neurons prevents their endotoxemia-induced desensitization, and importantly, it counteracts the fasting-induced suppression of TNF-α release, resulting in prolonged sickness. Together, these findings provide evidence directly linking AgRP neuron activity to the acute response during endotoxemia, suggesting that these neurons are a functional component of the immunoregulatory effects associated with negative energy balance and catabolic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Boutagouga Boudjadja
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Isabella Culotta
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Erika Harno
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jenna Hunter
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Simon M Luckman
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Matthew Hepworth
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anne White
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gabriella Aviello
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK; Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D'Agostino
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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17
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Watkins BA, Friedman AN, Kim J, Borkowski K, Kaiser S, Fiehn O, Newman JW. Blood Levels of Endocannabinoids, Oxylipins, and Metabolites Are Altered in Hemodialysis Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179781. [PMID: 36077177 PMCID: PMC9456435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemodialysis patients (HDPs) have higher blood pressure, higher levels of inflammation, a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, and unusually low plasma n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels compared to healthy subjects. The objective of our investigation was to examine the levels of endocannabinoids (eCBs) and oxylipins (OxLs) in female HDPs compared to healthy matched female controls, with the underlying hypothesis that differences in specific PUFA levels in hemodialysis patients would result in changes in eCBs and OxLs. Plasma phospholipid fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography. Plasma was extracted and analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography followed by electrospray ionization and tandem MS for eCBs and OxLs. The global untargeted metabolite profiling of plasma was performed by GCTOF MS. Compared to the controls, HDPs showed lower levels of plasma EPA and the associated OxL metabolites 5- and 12-HEPE, 14,15-DiHETE, as well as DHA derived 19(20)-EpDPE. Meanwhile, no changes in arachidonylethanolamide or 2-arachidonylglycerol in the open circulation were detected. Higher levels of multiple N-acylethanolamides, monoacylglycerols, biomarkers of progressive kidney disease, the nitric oxide metabolism-linked citrulline, and the uremic toxins kynurenine and creatine were observed in HDP. These metabolic differences in cCBs and OxLs help explain the severe inflammatory and cardiovascular disease manifested by HDPs, and they should be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A. Watkins
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Allon N. Friedman
- University Hospital, Suite 6100, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jeffrey Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kamil Borkowski
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - John W. Newman
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA-ARS Agriculture Research Service, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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18
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Sánchez-Marín L, Javier Pavón-Morón F, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Serrano A. Attenuation of Oleoylethanolamide-Induced Reduction of Alcohol Consumption in Adult Rats Exposed Intermittently to Alcohol During Adolescence. Neurosci Lett 2022; 781:136670. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Frias-Soler RC, Kelsey NA, Villarín Pildaín L, Wink M, Bairlein F. Transcriptome signature changes in the liver of a migratory passerine. Genomics 2022; 114:110283. [PMID: 35143886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The liver plays a principal role in avian migration. Here, we characterised the liver transcriptome of a long-distance migrant, the Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe), sampled at different migratory stages, looking for molecular processes linked with adaptations to migration. The analysis of the differentially expressed genes suggested changes in the periods of the circadian rhythm, variation in the proportion of cells in G1/S cell-cycle stages and the putative polyploidization of this cell population. This may explain the dramatic increment in the liver's metabolic capacities towards migration. Additionally, genes involved in anti-oxidative stress, detoxification and innate immune responses, lipid metabolism, inflammation and angiogenesis were regulated. Lipophagy and lipid catabolism were active at all migratory stages and increased towards the fattening and fat periods, explaining the relevance of lipolysis in controlling steatosis and maintaining liver health. Our study clears the way for future functional studies regarding long-distance avian migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Carlos Frias-Soler
- Institute of Avian Research, An der Vogelwarte 21, 26386 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Natalie A Kelsey
- Institute of Avian Research, An der Vogelwarte 21, 26386 Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
| | - Lilian Villarín Pildaín
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Franz Bairlein
- Institute of Avian Research, An der Vogelwarte 21, 26386 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany.
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Schiano Moriello A, Di Marzo V, Petrosino S. Mutual Links between the Endocannabinoidome and the Gut Microbiome, with Special Reference to Companion Animals: A Nutritional Viewpoint. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030348. [PMID: 35158670 PMCID: PMC8833664 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that perturbation of the gut microbiome, known as “dysbiosis”, is associated with the pathogenesis of human and veterinary diseases that are not restricted to the gastrointestinal tract. In this regard, recent studies have demonstrated that dysbiosis is linked to the pathogenesis of central neuroinflammatory disorders, supporting the existence of the so-called microbiome-gut-brain axis. The endocannabinoid system is a recently recognized lipid signaling system and termed endocannabinoidome monitoring a variety of body responses. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that a profound link exists between the gut microbiome and the endocannabinoidome, with mutual interactions controlling intestinal homeostasis, energy metabolism and neuroinflammatory responses during physiological conditions. In the present review, we summarize the latest data on the microbiome-endocannabinoidome mutual link in health and disease, focalizing the attention on gut dysbiosis and/or altered endocannabinoidome tone that may distort the bidirectional crosstalk between these two complex systems, thus leading to gastrointestinal and metabolic diseases (e.g., idiopathic inflammation, chronic enteropathies and obesity) as well as neuroinflammatory disorders (e.g., neuropathic pain and depression). We also briefly discuss the novel possible dietary interventions based not only on probiotics and/or prebiotics, but also, and most importantly, on endocannabinoid-like modulators (e.g., palmitoylethanolamide) for intestinal health and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniello Schiano Moriello
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.M.); (V.D.M.)
- Epitech Group SpA, Via Einaudi 13, 35030 Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.M.); (V.D.M.)
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, CRIUCPQ and INAF, Centre NUTRISS, Faculties of Medicine and Agriculture and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebéc City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Stefania Petrosino
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.M.); (V.D.M.)
- Epitech Group SpA, Via Einaudi 13, 35030 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
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21
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Basarkar V, Govardhane S, Shende P. Multifaceted applications of genetically modified microorganisms: A biotechnological revolution. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1833-1842. [PMID: 35088657 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220128102823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetically modified microorganisms specifically bacteria, viruses, algae and fungi are the novel approaches used in field of healthcare due to more efficacious and targeted delivery in comparison to conventional approaches. OBJECTIVE This review article focuses on applications of genetically modified microorganisms such as bacteria, virus, fungi, virus, etc. in treatment of cancer, obesity, and HIV. Gut microbiome is used to cause metabolic disorders but use of genetically-modified bacteria alters the gut microbiota and delivers the therapeutically effective drug in the treatment of obesity. METHODS To enhance the activity of different microorganisms for treatment, they are genetically modified by incorporating a fragment into the fungi filaments, integrating a strain into the bacteria, engineer a live-virus with a peptide using methods such as amelioration of NAPE synthesis, silica immobilization, polyadenylation, electrochemical, etc. Results: The development of newer microbial strains using genetic modifications offers higher precision, enhance the molecular multiplicity, prevent the degradation of microbes in atmospheric temperature and reduce the concerned side-effect for therapeutic application. Other side genetically modified microorganisms are used in non-healthcare based sector like generation of electricity, purification of water, bioremediation process etc. Conclusions: The bio-engineered micro-organisms with genetic modification prove the advantage over the treatment of various diseases like cancer, diabetes, malaria, organ regeneration, inflammatory bowel disease, etc. The article provides the insights of various applications of genetically modified microbes in various arena with its implementation for the regulatory approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasavi Basarkar
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Sharayu Govardhane
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Pravin Shende
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
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22
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Zarrow JE, Tian J, Dutter B, Kim K, Doran AC, Sulikowski GA, Davies SS. Selective measurement of NAPE-PLD activity via a PLA 1/2-resistant fluorogenic N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine analog. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100156. [PMID: 34843683 PMCID: PMC8953660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE)-hydrolyzing phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD) is a zinc metallohydrolase enzyme that converts NAPEs to bioactive N-acyl-ethanolamides. Altered NAPE-PLD activity may contribute to pathogenesis of obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and neurological diseases. Selective measurement of NAPE-PLD activity is challenging, however, because of alternative phospholipase pathways for NAPE hydrolysis. Previous methods to measure NAPE-PLD activity involved addition of exogenous NAPE followed by TLC or LC/MS/MS, which are time and resource intensive. Recently, NAPE-PLD activity in cells has been assayed using the fluorogenic NAPE analogs PED-A1 and PED6, but these substrates also detect the activity of serine hydrolase-type lipases PLA1 and PLA2. To create a fluorescence assay that selectively measured cellular NAPE-PLD activity, we synthesized an analog of PED-A1 (flame-NAPE) where the sn-1 ester bond was replaced with an N-methyl amide to create resistance to PLA1 hydrolysis. Recombinant NAPE-PLD produced fluorescence when incubated with either PED-A1 or flame-NAPE, whereas PLA1 only produced fluorescence when incubated with PED-A1. Furthermore, fluorescence in HepG2 cells using PED-A1 could be partially blocked by either biothionol (a selective NAPE-PLD inhibitor) or tetrahydrolipstatin (an inhibitor of a broad spectrum of serine hydrolase-type lipases). In contrast, fluorescence assayed in HepG2 cells using flame-NAPE could only be blocked by biothionol. In multiple cell types, the phospholipase activity detected using flame-NAPE was significantly more sensitive to biothionol inhibition than that detected using PED-A1. Thus, using flame-NAPE to measure phospholipase activity provides a rapid and selective method to measure NAPE-PLD activity in cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah E Zarrow
- Chemical and Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jianhua Tian
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Brendan Dutter
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kwangho Kim
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Amanda C Doran
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gary A Sulikowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sean S Davies
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Igarashi M, Iwasa K, Hayakawa T, Tsuduki T, Kimura I, Maruyama K, Yoshikawa K. Dietary oleic acid contributes to the regulation of food intake through the synthesis of intestinal oleoylethanolamide. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1056116. [PMID: 36733808 PMCID: PMC9886573 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1056116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Among the fatty acid ethanolamides (FAEs), oleoylethanolamide (OEA), linoleoylethanolamide (LEA), and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) are reported to be involved in feeding regulation. In particular, OEA is well characterized as a satiety signal. Following food consumption, OEA is synthesized from oleic acid (OA) via an N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D-dependent pathway in the gastroenterocytes, and OEA induces satiety by recruiting sensory fibers. Thus, we hypothesized that dietary OA is an important satiety-inducing molecule. However, there has been no direct demonstration of the effect of dietary OA on satiety induction without the influence of the endogenous biosynthesis of OA from stearic acid (SA) or other FAEs. METHODS In this study, we used two experimental diets to test our hypothesis: (i) an OA diet (OAD; 38.4 mg of OA/g and 7.2 mg of SA/g) and (ii) a low OA diet (LOAD; 3.1 mg of OA/g and 42.4 mg of SA/g). RESULTS Relative to mice fed the OAD, mice fed the LOAD for two weeks exhibited reduced levels of jejunal OEA but not jejunal LEA and PEA. The LOAD-fed mice showed an increase in food intake and body weight gain. Moreover, LOAD-induced increase in food intake was immediately observed after the switch from the OAD, whereas these effects were diminished by the switch back to the OAD. Furthermore, treatment with OA and OEA diminished the effects of LOAD on food intake. CONCLUSION Collectively, these results show that dietary OA is a key factor in the reduction of food intake and increase in satiety mediated by OEA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Igarashi
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Neurological Disorders, Kawasaki, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Miki Igarashi,
| | - Kensuke Iwasa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiko Hayakawa
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tsuduki
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology for Future Bioindustries, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kimura
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kei Maruyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yoshikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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Schmill MP, Thompson Z, Argueta DA, DiPatrizio NV, Garland T. Effects of Selective Breeding, Voluntary Exercise, and Sex on Endocannabinoid Levels in the Mouse Small-Intestinal Epithelium. Physiol Behav 2021; 245:113675. [PMID: 34929258 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid (eCB) system in the gut communicates with the body and brain as part of the homeostatic mechanisms that affect energy balance. Although perhaps best known for its effects on energy intake, the eCB system also regulates voluntary locomotor behavior. Here, we examined gut eCB concentrations in relation to voluntary exercise, specifically in mice selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running behavior. We measured gut eCBs in four replicate non-selected Control (C) lines and four replicate lines of High Runner (HR) mice that had been selectively bred for 74 generations based on the average number of wheel revolutions on days 5 and 6 of a 6-day period of wheel access when young adults. On average, mice from HR lines run voluntarily on wheels ∼3-fold more than C mice on a daily basis. A recent study showed that circulating levels of primary endocannabinoids 2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol (2-AG) and anandamide (AEA) are altered by six days of wheel access, by acute wheel running, and differ between HR and C mice in sex-specific ways [1]. We hypothesized that eCBs in the upper small-intestinal epithelium (i.e., proximal jejunum), a region firmly implicated in eCB signaling, would differ between HR and C mice (linetype), between the sexes, between mice housed with vs. without wheels for six days, and would covary with amounts of acute running and/or home-cage activity (during the previous 30 minutes). We used the same 192 mice as in [1] , half males and half females, half HR and half C (all 8 lines), and half either given or not given access to wheels for six days. We assessed the eCBs, 2-AG and AEA, and their analogs docosahexaenoylglycerol (DHG), docosahexaenoylethanolamide (DHEA), and oleoylethanolamide (OEA). Both 2-AG and DHG showed a significant 3-way interaction of linetype, wheel access, and sex. In addition, HR mice had lower concentrations of 2-AG in the small-intestinal epithelium when compared to C mice, which may be functionally related to differences in locomotor activity or to differences in body composition and/or food consumption. Moreover, the amount of home-cage activity during the prior 30 min was a negative predictor of 2-AG and AEA concentrations in jejunum mucosa, particularly in the mice with no wheel access. Lastly, 2-AG, but not AEA, was significantly correlated with 2-AG in plasma in the same mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret P Schmill
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, 92521, USA
| | - Zoe Thompson
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, 92521, USA; Department of Biology, Utah Valley University, Orem, UT, 84058, USA
| | - Donovan A Argueta
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, 92521, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, 92697, USA
| | - Nicholas V DiPatrizio
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, 92521, USA; Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, 92521, USA
| | - Theodore Garland
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, 92521, USA; Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, 92521, USA.
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25
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Long W, Johnson J, Kalyaanamoorthy S, Light P. TRPV1 channels as a newly identified target for vitamin D. Channels (Austin) 2021; 15:360-374. [PMID: 33825665 PMCID: PMC8032246 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2021.1905248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is known to elicit many biological effects in diverse tissue types and is thought to act almost exclusively upon its canonical receptor within the nucleus, leading to gene transcriptional changes and the subsequent cellular response. However, not all the observed effects of vitamin D can be attributed to this sole mechanism, and other cellular targets likely exist but remain to be identified. Our recent discovery that vitamin D is a partial agonist of the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid family 1 (TRPV1) channel may provide new insights as to how this important vitamin exerts its biological effects either independently or in addition to the nuclear vitamin D receptor. In this review, we discuss the literature surrounding this apparent discrepancy in vitamin D signaling and compare vitamin D with known TRPV1 ligands with respect to their binding to TRPV1. Furthermore, we provide evidence supporting the notion that this novel vitamin D/TRPV1 axis may explain some of the beneficial actions of this vitamin in disease states where TRPV1 expression and vitamin D deficiency are known to overlap. Finally, we discuss whether vitamin D may also act on other members of the TRP family of ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentong Long
- Department of Pharmacology and the Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Janyne Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and the Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Peter Light
- Department of Pharmacology and the Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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26
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On the Biomedical Properties of Endocannabinoid Degradation and Reuptake Inhibitors: Pre-clinical and Clinical Evidence. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:2072-2097. [PMID: 34741755 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00424-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is composed of endogenous cannabinoids; components involved in their synthesis, transport, and degradation; and an expansive variety of cannabinoid receptors. Hypofunction or deregulation of the ECS is related to pathological conditions. Consequently, endogenous enhancement of endocannabinoid levels and/or regulation of their metabolism represent promising therapeutic approaches. Several major strategies have been suggested for the modulation of the ECS: (1) blocking endocannabinoids degradation, (2) inhibition of endocannabinoid cellular uptake, and (3) pharmacological modulation of cannabinoid receptors as potential therapeutic targets. Here, we focused in this review on degradation/reuptake inhibitors over cannabinoid receptor modulators in order to provide an updated synopsis of contemporary evidence advancing mechanisms of endocannabinoids as pharmacological tools with therapeutic properties for the treatment of several disorders. For this purpose, we revisited the available literature and reported the latest advances regarding the biomedical properties of fatty acid amide hydrolase and monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitors in pre-clinical and clinical studies. We also highlighted anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol reuptake inhibitors with promising results in pre-clinical studies using in vitro and animal models as an outlook for future research in clinical trials.
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27
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A Duet Between Histamine and Oleoylethanolamide in the Control of Homeostatic and Cognitive Processes. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2021; 59:389-410. [PMID: 34410679 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In ballet, a pas de deux (in French it means "step of two") is a duet in which the two dancers perform ballet steps together. The suite of dances shares a common theme of partnership. How could we better describe the fine interplay between oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and histamine, two phylogenetically ancient molecules controlling metabolic, homeostatic and cognitive processes? Contrary to the pas de deux though, the two dancers presumably never embrace each other as a dancing pair but execute their "virtuoso solo" constantly exchanging interoceptive messages presumably via vagal afferents, the blood stream, the neuroenteric system. With one exception, which is in the control of liver ketogenesis, as in hepatocytes, OEA biosynthesis strictly depends on the activation of histaminergic H1 receptors. In this review, we recapitulate our main findings that evidence the interplay of histamine and OEA in the control of food consumption and eating behaviour, in the consolidation of emotional memory and mood, and finally, in the synthesis of ketone bodies. We will also summarise some of the putative underlying mechanisms for each scenario.
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28
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Oleoylethanolamide Reduces Hepatic Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081289. [PMID: 34439537 PMCID: PMC8389293 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term high-fat diet (HFD) consumption can cause weight gain and obesity, two conditions often associated with hepatic non-alcoholic fatty liver and oxidative stress. Oleoylethanolamide (OEA), a lipid compound produced by the intestine from oleic acid, has been associated with different beneficial effects in diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis. However, the role of OEA on hepatic oxidative stress has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we used a model of diet-induced obesity to study the possible antioxidant effect of OEA in the liver. In this model rats with free access to an HFD for 77 days developed obesity, steatosis, and hepatic oxidative stress, as compared to rats consuming a low-fat diet for the same period. Several parameters associated with oxidative stress were then measured after two weeks of OEA administration to diet-induced obese rats. We showed that OEA reduced, compared to HFD-fed rats, obesity, steatosis, and the plasma level of triacylglycerols and transaminases. Moreover, OEA decreased the amount of malondialdehyde and carbonylated proteins and restored the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, which decreased in the liver of HFD-fed rats. OEA had also an improving effect on parameters linked to endoplasmic reticulum stress, thus demonstrating a role in the homeostatic control of protein folding. Finally, we reported that OEA differently regulated the expression of two transcription factors involved in the control of lipid metabolism and antioxidant genes, namely nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 1 (Nrf1) and Nrf2, thus suggesting, for the first time, new targets of the protective effect of OEA in the liver.
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29
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Wiley MB, Perez PA, Argueta DA, Avalos B, Wood CP, DiPatrizio NV. UPLC-MS/MS Method for Analysis of Endocannabinoid and Related Lipid Metabolism in Mouse Mucosal Tissue. Front Physiol 2021; 12:699712. [PMID: 34335305 PMCID: PMC8317065 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.699712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is expressed in cells throughout the body and controls a variety of physiological and pathophysiological functions. We describe robust and reproducible UPLC-MS/MS-based methods for analyzing metabolism of the endocannabinoids, 2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol and arachidonoyl ethanolamide, and related monoacylglycerols (MAGs) and fatty acid ethanolamides (FAEs), respectively, in mouse mucosal tissues (i.e., intestine and lung). These methods are optimized for analysis of activity of the MAG biosynthetic enzyme, diacylglycerol lipase (DGL), and MAG degradative enzymes, monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) and alpha/beta hydrolase domain containing-6 (ABHD6). Moreover, we describe a novel UPLC-MS/MS-based method for analyzing activity of the FAE degradative enzyme, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), that does not require use of radioactive substrates. In addition, we describe in vivo pharmacological methods to inhibit MAG biosynthesis selectively in the mouse small-intestinal epithelium. These methods will be useful for profiling endocannabinoid metabolism in rodent mucosal tissues in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Wiley
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Pedro A Perez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Donovan A Argueta
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Bryant Avalos
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Courtney P Wood
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas V DiPatrizio
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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Danan D, Todder D, Zohar J, Cohen H. Is PTSD-Phenotype Associated with HPA-Axis Sensitivity?: The Endocannabinoid System in Modulating Stress Response in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6416. [PMID: 34203952 PMCID: PMC8232809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoids play a role in adaptation to stress and regulate the release of glucocorticoids in stressed and unstressed conditions. We recently found that basal corticosterone pulsatility may significantly impact the vulnerability for developing post-traumatic-stress-disorder (PTSD), suggesting that the endocannabinoid system may contribute to its development. To examine this, we exposed rats to predator scent stress (PSS). Behavioral reactions were recorded seven days post-PSS. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected from anesthetized rats shortly after PSS exposure to determine the levels of 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) and anandamide (AEA). To correlate between endocannabinoids and corticosterone levels, rats were placed in metabolic cages for urine collection. To assess the levels of endocannabinoids in specific brain regions, rats' brains were harvested one day after behavioral analysis for staining and fluorescence quantification. Moreover, 2-AG was elevated in the CSF of PTSD-phenotype rats as compared with other groups and was inversely correlated with corticosterone urinary secretion. Eight days post-PSS exposure, hippocampal and hypothalamic 2-AG levels and hippocampal AEA levels were significantly more reduced in the PTSD-phenotype group compared to other groups. We posit that maladaptation to stress, which is propagated by an abnormal activation of endocannabinoids, mediates the subsequent stress-induced behavioral disruption, which, later, reduces neuronal the expression of endocannabinoids, contributing to PTSD symptomology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dor Danan
- Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Beer-Sheva Mental Health Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Ministry of Health, Beer-Sheva 8461144, Israel; (D.D.); (D.T.)
| | - Doron Todder
- Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Beer-Sheva Mental Health Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Ministry of Health, Beer-Sheva 8461144, Israel; (D.D.); (D.T.)
| | - Joseph Zohar
- Post-Trauma Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv 5262000, Israel;
| | - Hagit Cohen
- Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Beer-Sheva Mental Health Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Ministry of Health, Beer-Sheva 8461144, Israel; (D.D.); (D.T.)
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31
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Rahman SMK, Uyama T, Hussain Z, Ueda N. Roles of Endocannabinoids and Endocannabinoid-like Molecules in Energy Homeostasis and Metabolic Regulation: A Nutritional Perspective. Annu Rev Nutr 2021; 41:177-202. [PMID: 34115519 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-043020-090216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is involved in signal transduction in mammals. It comprises principally G protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors and their endogenous agonists, called endocannabinoids, as well as the enzymes and transporters responsible for the metabolism of endocannabinoids. Two arachidonic acid-containing lipid molecules, arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, function as endocannabinoids. N-acylethanolamines and monoacylglycerols, in which the arachidonic acid chain is replaced with a saturated or monounsaturated fatty acid, are not directly involved in the endocannabinoid system but exhibit agonistic activities for other receptors. These endocannabinoid-like molecules include palmitoylethanolamide, oleoylethanolamide (OEA), and 2-oleoylglycerol. Endocannabinoids stimulate feeding behavior and the anabolism of lipids and glucose, while OEA suppresses appetite. Both central and peripheral systems are included in these nutritional and metabolic contexts. Therefore, they have potential in the treatment and prevention of obesity. We outline the structure, metabolism, and biological activities of endocannabinoids and related molecules, and focus on their involvement in energy homeostasis and metabolic regulation. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nutrition, Volume 41 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Khaledur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; , , .,Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore-7408, Bangladesh
| | - Toru Uyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; , ,
| | - Zahir Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; , , .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA;
| | - Natsuo Ueda
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; , ,
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Prentice RN, Younus M, Krittaphol-Bailey W, Rizwan SB. A sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the study of exogenously administered 13 C-oleoylethanolamide in rat plasma and brain tissue. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:2693-2704. [PMID: 33939878 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Oleoylethanolamide is an endogenous molecule with neuroprotective effects. It has been reported that exogenous oleoylethanolamide can be administered therapeutically, but the confounding presence of the endogenous molecule has led to conflicting reports regarding the mechanisms of the effects and highlights a need for an adequate methodology to differentiate them. We have developed a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method to study oleoylethanolamide in rat plasma and brain using a 13 C-labeled isotope, 13 C-oleoylethanolamide. 13 C-oleoylethanolamide was extracted using a liquid-liquid extraction employing acetonitrile and tert-butyl methyl ether (1:4). Analysis was performed using a gradient with a total run time of 12 min. 13 C-oleoylethanolamide, d4 -oleoylethanolamide (internal standard), and 12 C-oleoylethanolamide (endogenous background) eluted simultaneously at 1.64 min. The method was validated for specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, and precision and found to be capable of quantification within acceptable limits of ±15% over the calibration range of 0.39-25 ng/mL for the plasma and 1.17-75 ng/g for the brain. It was then applied to quantify 13 C-oleoylethanolamide over 90 min after intravenous administration of a solution (1 mg/kg) in rats. Results suggest that 13 C-oleoylethanolamide does not reach therapeutic concentrations in the brain, despite a relatively prolonged plasma circulation, suggesting that rapid degradation in the brain remains an obstacle to its clinical application to neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Younus
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Lu VB, Gribble FM, Reimann F. Nutrient-Induced Cellular Mechanisms of Gut Hormone Secretion. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030883. [PMID: 33803183 PMCID: PMC8000029 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract can assess the nutrient composition of ingested food. The nutrient-sensing mechanisms in specialised epithelial cells lining the gastrointestinal tract, the enteroendocrine cells, trigger the release of gut hormones that provide important local and central feedback signals to regulate nutrient utilisation and feeding behaviour. The evidence for nutrient-stimulated secretion of two of the most studied gut hormones, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), along with the known cellular mechanisms in enteroendocrine cells recruited by nutrients, will be the focus of this review. The mechanisms involved range from electrogenic transporters, ion channel modulation and nutrient-activated G-protein coupled receptors that converge on the release machinery controlling hormone secretion. Elucidation of these mechanisms will provide much needed insight into postprandial physiology and identify tractable dietary approaches to potentially manage nutrition and satiety by altering the secreted gut hormone profile.
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The Intestinal Fatty Acid-Enteroendocrine Interplay, Emerging Roles for Olfactory Signaling and Serotonin Conjugates. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051416. [PMID: 33807994 PMCID: PMC7961910 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal enteroendocrine cells (EECs) respond to fatty acids from dietary and microbial origin by releasing neurotransmitters and hormones with various paracrine and endocrine functions. Much has become known about the underlying signaling mechanisms, including the involvement of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), like free fatty acids receptors (FFARs). This review focusses on two more recently emerging research lines: the roles of odorant receptors (ORs), and those of fatty acid conjugates in gut. Odorant receptors belong to a large family of GPCRs with functional roles that only lately have shown to reach beyond the nasal-oral cavity. In the intestinal tract, ORs are expressed on serotonin (5-HT) and glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) producing enterochromaffin and enteroendocrine L cells, respectively. There, they appear to function as chemosensors of microbiologically produced short-, and branched-chain fatty acids. Another mechanism of fatty acid signaling in the intestine occurs via their conjugates. Among them, conjugates of unsaturated long chain fatty acids and acetate with 5-HT, N-acyl serotonins have recently emerged as mediators with immune-modulatory effects. In this review, novel findings in mechanisms and molecular players involved in intestinal fatty acid biology are highlighted and their potential relevance for EEC-mediated signaling to the pancreas, immune system, and brain is discussed.
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Klockars A, Levine AS, Head MA, Perez-Leighton CE, Kotz CM, Olszewski PK. Impact of Gut and Metabolic Hormones on Feeding Reward. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:1425-1447. [PMID: 33577129 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ingestion of food activates a cascade of endocrine responses (thereby reflecting a contemporaneous feeding status) that include the release of hormones from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, such as cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagonlike peptide YY (PYY), peptide PP, and oleoylethanolamide, as well as suppression of ghrelin secretion. The pancreas and adipose tissue, on the other hand, release hormones that serve as a measure of the current metabolic state or the long-term energy stores, that is, insulin, leptin, and adiponectin. It is well known and intuitively understandable that these hormones target either directly (by crossing the blood-brain barrier) or indirectly (e.g., via vagal input) the "homeostatic" brainstem-hypothalamic pathways involved in the regulation of appetite. The current article focuses on yet another target of the metabolic and GI hormones that is critical in inducing changes in food intake, namely, the reward system. We discuss the physiological basis of this functional interaction, its importance in the control of appetite, and the impact that disruption of this crosstalk has on energy intake in select physiological and pathophysiological states. We conclude that metabolic and GI hormones have a capacity to strengthen or weaken a response of the reward system to a given food, and thus, they are fundamental in ensuring that feeding reward is plastic and dependent on the energy status of the organism. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1425-1447, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anica Klockars
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Allen S Levine
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mitchell A Head
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | | - Catherine M Kotz
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Pawel K Olszewski
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.,Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Igarashi M, Iwasa K, Yoshikawa K. Feeding regulation by oleoylethanolamide synthesized from dietary oleic acid. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 165:102228. [PMID: 33385936 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Oleoylethanolamide (OEA), a well-known satiety factor, is produced during feeding in the proximal intestine. Enterocytes sense oleic acid in dietary fat via CD36 and convert it to OEA through NAPE-PLD dependent or independent pathways. The satiety function of OEA is known to involve peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor type-α (PPAR-α). OEA stimulates afferent sensory fibers (possibly those of the vagus nerve) and provoke the recruitment of feeding-controlling circuits in the brain that use oxytocin and histamine as neurotransmitters for regulating satiety. Dysfunction of OEA synthesis by high-fat feeding might contribute to increased weight and obesity. Here, we describe the roles played by OEA in the regulation of energy metabolism and food intake by introducing our preliminary data regarding this lipid mediator, and we briefly outline the biosynthesis and deactivation of OEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Igarashi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kensuke Iwasa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yoshikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan
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37
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Romano A, Friuli M, Del Coco L, Longo S, Vergara D, Del Boccio P, Valentinuzzi S, Cicalini I, Fanizzi FP, Gaetani S, Giudetti AM. Chronic Oleoylethanolamide Treatment Decreases Hepatic Triacylglycerol Level in Rat Liver by a PPARγ/SREBP-Mediated Suppression of Fatty Acid and Triacylglycerol Synthesis. Nutrients 2021; 13:394. [PMID: 33513874 PMCID: PMC7910994 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is a naturally occurring bioactive lipid belonging to the family of N-acylethanolamides. A variety of beneficial effects have been attributed to OEA, although the greater interest is due to its potential role in the treatment of obesity, fatty liver, and eating-related disorders. To better clarify the mechanism of the antiadipogenic effect of OEA in the liver, using a lipidomic study performed by 1H-NMR, LC-MS/MS and thin-layer chromatography analyses we evaluated the whole lipid composition of rat liver, following a two-week daily treatment of OEA (10 mg kg-1 i.p.). We found that OEA induced a significant reduction in hepatic triacylglycerol (TAG) content and significant changes in sphingolipid composition and ceramidase activity. We associated the antiadipogenic effect of OEA to decreased activity and expression of key enzymes involved in fatty acid and TAG syntheses, such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, diacylglycerol acyltransferase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1. Moreover, we found that both SREBP-1 and PPARγ protein expression were significantly reduced in the liver of OEA-treated rats. Our findings add significant and important insights into the molecular mechanism of OEA on hepatic adipogenesis, and suggest a possible link between the OEA-induced changes in sphingolipid metabolism and suppression of hepatic TAG level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Romano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (M.F.); (S.G.)
| | - Marzia Friuli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (M.F.); (S.G.)
| | - Laura Del Coco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (L.D.C.); (S.L.); (D.V.)
| | - Serena Longo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (L.D.C.); (S.L.); (D.V.)
| | - Daniele Vergara
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (L.D.C.); (S.L.); (D.V.)
| | - Piero Del Boccio
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.D.B.); (S.V.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Silvia Valentinuzzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.D.B.); (S.V.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Cicalini
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco P. Fanizzi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (L.D.C.); (S.L.); (D.V.)
| | - Silvana Gaetani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (M.F.); (S.G.)
| | - Anna M. Giudetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (L.D.C.); (S.L.); (D.V.)
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38
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Selber-Hnatiw S, Sultana T, Tse W, Abdollahi N, Abdullah S, Al Rahbani J, Alazar D, Alrumhein NJ, Aprikian S, Arshad R, Azuelos JD, Bernadotte D, Beswick N, Chazbey H, Church K, Ciubotaru E, D'Amato L, Del Corpo T, Deng J, Di Giulio BL, Diveeva D, Elahie E, Frank JGM, Furze E, Garner R, Gibbs V, Goldberg-Hall R, Goldman CJ, Goltsios FF, Gorjipour K, Grant T, Greco B, Guliyev N, Habrich A, Hyland H, Ibrahim N, Iozzo T, Jawaheer-Fenaoui A, Jaworski JJ, Jhajj MK, Jones J, Joyette R, Kaudeer S, Kelley S, Kiani S, Koayes M, Kpata AJAAL, Maingot S, Martin S, Mathers K, McCullogh S, McNamara K, Mendonca J, Mohammad K, Momtaz SA, Navaratnarajah T, Nguyen-Duong K, Omran M, Ortiz A, Patel A, Paul-Cole K, Plaisir PA, Porras Marroquin JA, Prevost A, Quach A, Rafal AJ, Ramsarun R, Rhnima S, Rili L, Safir N, Samson E, Sandiford RR, Secondi S, Shahid S, Shahroozi M, Sidibé F, Smith M, Sreng Flores AM, Suarez Ybarra A, Sénéchal R, Taifour T, Tang L, Trapid A, Tremblay Potvin M, Wainberg J, Wang DN, Weissenberg M, White A, Wilkinson G, Williams B, Wilson JR, Zoppi J, Zouboulakis K, Gamberi C. Metabolic networks of the human gut microbiota. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2020; 166:96-119. [PMID: 31799915 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The human gut microbiota controls factors that relate to human metabolism with a reach far greater than originally expected. Microbial communities and human (or animal) hosts entertain reciprocal exchanges between various inputs that are largely controlled by the host via its genetic make-up, nutrition and lifestyle. The composition of these microbial communities is fundamental to supply metabolic capabilities beyond those encoded in the host genome, and contributes to hormone and cellular signalling that support the dynamic adaptation to changes in food availability, environment and organismal development. Poor functional exchange between the microbial communities and their human host is associated with dysbiosis, metabolic dysfunction and disease. This review examines the biology of the dynamic relationship between the reciprocal metabolic state of the microbiota-host entity in balance with its environment (i.e. in healthy states), the enzymatic and metabolic changes associated with its imbalance in three well-studied diseases states such as obesity, diabetes and atherosclerosis, and the effects of bariatric surgery and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah Selber-Hnatiw
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Tarin Sultana
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - W Tse
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Niki Abdollahi
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Sheyar Abdullah
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Jalal Al Rahbani
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Diala Alazar
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Nekoula Jean Alrumhein
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Saro Aprikian
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Rimsha Arshad
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Jean-Daniel Azuelos
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Daphney Bernadotte
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Natalie Beswick
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Hana Chazbey
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Kelsey Church
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Emaly Ciubotaru
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Lora D'Amato
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Tavia Del Corpo
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Jasmine Deng
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Briana Laura Di Giulio
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Diana Diveeva
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Elias Elahie
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - James Gordon Marcel Frank
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Emma Furze
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Rebecca Garner
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Vanessa Gibbs
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Rachel Goldberg-Hall
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Chaim Jacob Goldman
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Fani-Fay Goltsios
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Kevin Gorjipour
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Taylor Grant
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Brittany Greco
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Nadir Guliyev
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Andrew Habrich
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Hillary Hyland
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Nabila Ibrahim
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Tania Iozzo
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Anastasia Jawaheer-Fenaoui
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Julia Jane Jaworski
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Maneet Kaur Jhajj
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Jermaine Jones
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Rodney Joyette
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Samad Kaudeer
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Shawn Kelley
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Shayesteh Kiani
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Marylin Koayes
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | | | - Shannon Maingot
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Sara Martin
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Kelly Mathers
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Sean McCullogh
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Kelly McNamara
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - James Mendonca
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Karamat Mohammad
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Sharara Arezo Momtaz
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Thiban Navaratnarajah
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Kathy Nguyen-Duong
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Mustafa Omran
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Angela Ortiz
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Anjali Patel
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Kahlila Paul-Cole
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Paul-Arthur Plaisir
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | | | - Ashlee Prevost
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Angela Quach
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Aries John Rafal
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Rewaparsad Ramsarun
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Sami Rhnima
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Lydia Rili
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Naomi Safir
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Eugenie Samson
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Rebecca Rose Sandiford
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Stefano Secondi
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Stephanie Shahid
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Mojdeh Shahroozi
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Fily Sidibé
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Megan Smith
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Alina Maria Sreng Flores
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Anabel Suarez Ybarra
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Rebecca Sénéchal
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Tarek Taifour
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Lawrence Tang
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Adam Trapid
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Maxim Tremblay Potvin
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Justin Wainberg
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Dani Ni Wang
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Mischa Weissenberg
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Allison White
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Wilkinson
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Brittany Williams
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Joshua Roth Wilson
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Johanna Zoppi
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Katerina Zouboulakis
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Chiara Gamberi
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
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39
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Boyer C, Cussonneau L, Brun C, Deval C, Pais de Barros JP, Chanon S, Bernoud-Hubac N, Daira P, Evans AL, Arnemo JM, Swenson JE, Gauquelin-Koch G, Simon C, Blanc S, Combaret L, Bertile F, Lefai E. Specific shifts in the endocannabinoid system in hibernating brown bears. Front Zool 2020; 17:35. [PMID: 33292302 PMCID: PMC7681968 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-020-00380-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In small hibernators, global downregulation of the endocannabinoid system (ECS), which is involved in modulating neuronal signaling, feeding behavior, energy metabolism, and circannual rhythms, has been reported to possibly drive physiological adaptation to the hibernating state. In hibernating brown bears (Ursus arctos), we hypothesized that beyond an overall suppression of the ECS, seasonal shift in endocannabinoids compounds could be linked to bear’s peculiar features that include hibernation without arousal episodes and capacity to react to external disturbance. We explored circulating lipids in serum and the ECS in plasma and metabolically active tissues in free-ranging subadult Scandinavian brown bears when both active and hibernating. In winter bear serum, in addition to a 2-fold increase in total fatty acid concentration, we found significant changes in relative proportions of circulating fatty acids, such as a 2-fold increase in docosahexaenoic acid C22:6 n-3 and a decrease in arachidonic acid C20:4 n-6. In adipose and muscle tissues of hibernating bears, we found significant lower concentrations of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), a major ligand of cannabinoid receptors 1 (CB1) and 2 (CB2). Lower mRNA level for genes encoding CB1 and CB2 were also found in winter muscle and adipose tissue, respectively. The observed reduction in ECS tone may promote fatty acid mobilization from body fat stores, and favor carbohydrate metabolism in skeletal muscle of hibernating bears. Additionally, high circulating level of the endocannabinoid-like compound N-oleoylethanolamide (OEA) in winter could favor lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation in peripheral tissues. We also speculated on a role of OEA in the conservation of an anorexigenic signal and in the maintenance of torpor during hibernation, while sustaining the capacity of bears to sense stimuli from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Boyer
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laura Cussonneau
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Charlotte Brun
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christiane Deval
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Stéphanie Chanon
- Université de Lyon, INSERM, INRAE, INSA, Functional Lipidomic Plateform, Lyon, France
| | | | - Patricia Daira
- Université de Lyon, INSERM, INRAE, INSA, Functional Lipidomic Plateform, Lyon, France
| | - Alina L Evans
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Evenstad, NO-2480, Koppang, Norway
| | - Jon M Arnemo
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Evenstad, NO-2480, Koppang, Norway.,Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jon E Swenson
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Chantal Simon
- Université de Lyon, INSERM, INRAE, INSA, Functional Lipidomic Plateform, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Blanc
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lydie Combaret
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fabrice Bertile
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
| | - Etienne Lefai
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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40
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Palese F, Pontis S, Realini N, Piomelli D. NAPE-specific phospholipase D regulates LRRK2 association with neuronal membranes. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2020; 90:217-238. [PMID: 33706934 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
N-acylphosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs) are glycerophospholipid precursors for bioactive lipid amides and potential regulators of membrane function. They are hydrolyzed by NAPE-specific phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD) and have been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease. Here, we used siRNA-mediated silencing of NAPE-PLD in human SH-SY5Y cells and NAPE-PLD-/- mice to determine whether NAPEs influence the membrane association of LRRK2, a multifunctional protein kinase that is frequently mutated in persons with sporadic Parkinson's disease. NAPE-PLD deletion caused a significant accumulation of non-metabolized NAPEs, which was accompanied by a shift of LRRK2 from membrane to cytosol and a reduction in total LRRK2 content. Conversely, exposure of intact SH-SY5Y cells to bacterial PLD lowered NAPE levels and enhanced LRRK2 association with membranes. The results suggest that NAPE-PLD activity may contribute to the control of LRRK2 localization by regulating membrane NAPE levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Palese
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy; Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Silvia Pontis
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Natalia Realini
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.
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41
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Bianco M, Calvano CD, Ventura G, Bianco G, Losito I, Cataldi TRI. Regiochemical Assignment of N-Acylphosphatidylethanolamines (NAPE) by Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization with Multistage Mass Spectrometry and Its Application to Extracts of Lupin Seeds. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:1994-2005. [PMID: 32840368 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
1,2-Diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-N-acyl-ethanolamines (NAPE) are low abundance phospholipids but important constituents of intracellular membranes of plant tissues, responsible for generating bioactive N-acylethanolamine (NAE), which participates in several physiological processes such as regulation of seed germination and protection against pathogenic attacks. From an analytical point of view, the critical aspect of these bioactive lipids lies in the determination of fatty acyl chains located in sn-1/sn-2 position on the glycerol backbone (O-linked), along with the amide-bound (N-linked) fatty acyl chain. Here, the identity and occurrence of NAPE in lipid extracts of lupin seeds (Lupinus luteus L.) was assessed by electrospray ionization in negative ion mode upon reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC-ESI) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) either at high- (i.e., Orbitrap FTMS) or low- (linear ion trap, LIT) resolution/accuracy. Collisional induced dissociation (CID)-tandem MS and MS3 acquisitions of chemically prepared NAPE allowed to unequivocally recognize the N-linked fatty acyl chain and to establish the diagnostic product ions that were successfully applied to identify NAPE in lipid extracts of yellow lupin seeds. The most abundant NAPE species were those containing N-acyl groups C18:1, C18:2; a minor prevalence was found for C16:0, C18:0, and C18:3, and almost the same acyl chains O-linked on the glycerol backbone in several sn-1/sn-2 combinations were observed. The positional isomers of NAPE species were identified as deprotonated molecules ([M-H]-) at m/z 978.7541 (three isomers 52:3), m/z 980.7694 (two isomers 52:2), m/z 1002.7535 (four isomers 54:5), m/z 1004.7686 (two isomers 54:4), m/z 1006.7837 (two isomers 54:3), and m/z 1008.8026 (single isomer 54:2). The total amount of NAPE in lupin seeds ranged in the interval of 2.00 ± 0.13 mg/g dw, in agreement with other edible legumes. We anticipate our approach to be a robust assessment method potentially applicable to biological extracts containing NAPE species and can provide comprehensive profiles and contents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Giuliana Bianco
- Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Dipartimento di Scienze, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
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42
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Higuchi S, Ahmad TR, Argueta DA, Perez PA, Zhao C, Schwartz GJ, DiPatrizio NV, Haeusler RA. Bile acid composition regulates GPR119-dependent intestinal lipid sensing and food intake regulation in mice. Gut 2020; 69:1620-1628. [PMID: 32111630 PMCID: PMC7423635 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lipid mediators in the GI tract regulate satiation and satiety. Bile acids (BAs) regulate the absorption and metabolism of dietary lipid in the intestine, but their effects on lipid-regulated satiation and satiety are completely unknown. Investigating this is challenging because introducing excessive BAs or eliminating BAs strongly impacts GI functions. We used a mouse model (Cyp8b1-/- mice) with normal total BA levels, but alterations in the composition of the BA pool that impact multiple aspects of intestinal lipid metabolism. We tested two hypotheses: BAs affect food intake by (1) regulating production of the bioactive lipid oleoylethanolamide (OEA), which enhances satiety; or (2) regulating the quantity and localisation of hydrolysed fat in small intestine, which controls gastric emptying and satiation. DESIGN We evaluated OEA levels, gastric emptying and food intake in wild-type and Cyp8b1-/- mice. We assessed the role of the fat receptor GPR119 in these effects using Gpr119-/- mice. RESULTS Cyp8b1-/- mice on a chow diet showed mild hypophagia. Jejunal OEA production was blunted in Cyp8b1-/- mice, thus these data do not support a role for this pathway in the hypophagia of Cyp8b1-/- mice. On the other hand, Cyp8b1 deficiency decreased gastric emptying, and this was dependent on dietary fat. GPR119 deficiency normalised the gastric emptying, gut hormone levels, food intake and body weight of Cyp8b1-/- mice. CONCLUSION BAs regulate gastric emptying and satiation by determining fat-dependent GPR119 activity in distal intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Higuchi
- Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tiara R Ahmad
- Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Donovan A Argueta
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Pedro A Perez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Chen Zhao
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gary J Schwartz
- Departments of Medicine and Neuroscience, Yeshiva University Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Nicholas V DiPatrizio
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Rebecca A Haeusler
- Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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43
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Links between central CB1-receptor availability and peripheral endocannabinoids in patients with first episode psychosis. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2020; 6:21. [PMID: 32848142 PMCID: PMC7450081 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-020-00110-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
There is an established, link between psychosis and metabolic abnormalities, such as altered glucose metabolism and dyslipidemia, which often precede the initiation of antipsychotic treatment. It is known that obesity-associated metabolic disorders are promoted by activation of specific cannabinoid targets (endocannabinoid system (ECS)). Our recent data suggest that there is a change in the circulating lipidome at the onset of first episode psychosis (FEP). With the aim of characterizing the involvement of the central and peripheral ECSs, and their mutual associations; here, we performed a combined neuroimaging and metabolomic study in patients with FEP and healthy controls (HC). Regional brain cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) availability was quantified in two, independent samples of patients with FEP (n = 20 and n = 8) and HC (n = 20 and n = 10), by applying three-dimensional positron emission tomography, using two radiotracers, [11C]MePPEP and [18F]FMPEP-d2. Ten endogenous cannabinoids or related metabolites were quantified in serum, drawn from these individuals during the same imaging session. Circulating levels of arachidonic acid and oleoylethanolamide (OEA) were reduced in FEP individuals, but not in those who were predominantly medication free. In HC, there was an inverse association between levels of circulating arachidonoyl glycerol, anandamide, OEA, and palmitoyl ethanolamide, and CB1R availability in the posterior cingulate cortex. This phenomenon was, however, not observed in FEP patients. Our data thus provide evidence of cross talk, and dysregulation between peripheral endocannabinoids and central CB1R availability in FEP.
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44
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Studies have identified several effects of bile acids (BAs) in glucose homeostasis, energy expenditure, and body weight control, through receptor-dependent and independent mechanisms. BAs are produced from cholesterol and characterized by their structures, which result from enzymes in the liver and the gut microbiota. The aim of this review is to characterize the effects of BA structure and composition on diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS The hydroxyl groups of BAs interact with binding pockets of receptors and enzymes that affect glucose homeostasis. Human and animal studies show that BA composition is associated with insulin resistance and food intake regulation. The hydroxylation of BAs and BA composition contributes to glucose regulation. Modulation of BA composition has the potential to improve glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Higuchi
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Russ Berrie Pavilion, Room 315, 1150 St. Nicholas Ave., New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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45
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Lama A, Provensi G, Amoriello R, Pirozzi C, Rani B, Mollica MP, Raso GM, Ballerini C, Meli R, Passani MB. The anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory effects of OEA limit DSS-induced colitis in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110368. [PMID: 32559625 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid ethanolamides acting on proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α are among the endogenous lipid molecules that attenuate inflammatory processes and pain sensitivity. Whereas these properties are well-known for palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), the efficacy of oleoylethanolamide (OEA, first described as a satiety hormone synthesized in the jejunum) has been overlooked. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of OEA administration in a mouse model of colitis. C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 2.5% dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) in drinking water for 5 days. Daily i.p. administration of 10 mg/kg OEA started 3 days before DSS and lasted for 12 days. The DSS-untreated control group received only ultrapure water. DSS mice treated with OEA had a significant improvement of disease score. OEA restored mRNA transcription of PPAR-α, of tight junctions and protective factors of colon integrity disrupted by DSS. The improvement correlated with significant decrease of colonic and systemic levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to the DSS group. OEA antiinflammatory effects were mediated by the selective targeting of the TLR4 axis causing a downstream inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)- MyD88-dependent and NLRP3 inflammation pathways. OEA treatment also inhibited DSS-induced increase of inflammatory cytokines levels in the mesenteric lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: These results underscore the validity of OEA as a potent protective and anti-inflammatory agent in ulcerative colitis that may be exploited to broaden the pharmacological strategies against inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Lama
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli (I), Italy
| | - Gustavo Provensi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Universitá di Firenze (I), Italy
| | - Roberta Amoriello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università di Firenze (I), Italy
| | - Claudio Pirozzi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli (I), Italy
| | - Barbara Rani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Firenze (I), Italy
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli (I), Italy
| | | | - Clara Ballerini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università di Firenze (I), Italy
| | - Rosaria Meli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli (I), Italy.
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46
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Mock ED, Mustafa M, Gunduz-Cinar O, Cinar R, Petrie GN, Kantae V, Di X, Ogasawara D, Varga ZV, Paloczi J, Miliano C, Donvito G, van Esbroeck ACM, van der Gracht AMF, Kotsogianni I, Park JK, Martella A, van der Wel T, Soethoudt M, Jiang M, Wendel TJ, Janssen APA, Bakker AT, Donovan CM, Castillo LI, Florea BI, Wat J, van den Hurk H, Wittwer M, Grether U, Holmes A, van Boeckel CAA, Hankemeier T, Cravatt BF, Buczynski MW, Hill MN, Pacher P, Lichtman AH, van der Stelt M. Discovery of a NAPE-PLD inhibitor that modulates emotional behavior in mice. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:667-675. [PMID: 32393901 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-0528-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), which include the endocannabinoid anandamide, represent an important family of signaling lipids in the brain. The lack of chemical probes that modulate NAE biosynthesis in living systems hamper the understanding of the biological role of these lipids. Using a high-throughput screen, chemical proteomics and targeted lipidomics, we report here the discovery and characterization of LEI-401 as a CNS-active N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD) inhibitor. LEI-401 reduced NAE levels in neuroblastoma cells and in the brain of freely moving mice, but not in NAPE-PLD KO cells and mice, respectively. LEI-401 activated the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and impaired fear extinction, thereby emulating the effect of a cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist, which could be reversed by a fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor. Our findings highlight the distinctive role of NAPE-PLD in NAE biosynthesis in the brain and suggest the presence of an endogenous NAE tone controlling emotional behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot D Mock
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mohammed Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ozge Gunduz-Cinar
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse (NIAAA), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Resat Cinar
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gavin N Petrie
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vasudev Kantae
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Analytical Biosciences and Metabolomics, Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Xinyu Di
- Analytical Biosciences and Metabolomics, Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Daisuke Ogasawara
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zoltan V Varga
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Janos Paloczi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cristina Miliano
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Giulia Donvito
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Annelot C M van Esbroeck
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk M F van der Gracht
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ioli Kotsogianni
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Joshua K Park
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrea Martella
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Wel
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Soethoudt
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ming Jiang
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tiemen J Wendel
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Antonius P A Janssen
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander T Bakker
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Colleen M Donovan
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse (NIAAA), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura I Castillo
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse (NIAAA), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bogdan I Florea
- Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jesse Wat
- Pivot Park Screening Centre B.V., Oss, the Netherlands
| | | | - Matthias Wittwer
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Grether
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Holmes
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse (NIAAA), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Constant A A van Boeckel
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Pivot Park Screening Centre B.V., Oss, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Analytical Biosciences and Metabolomics, Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Matthew W Buczynski
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Matthew N Hill
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aron H Lichtman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands. .,Oncode Institute, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether downstream [peroxisome proliferator-activated-receptor alpha (PPARα) and the G-protein coupled receptor, GPR119] and upstream (a fatty acid translocase, CD36) signaling targets of N-oleoylethanolamide (OEA) were necessary for weight loss, metabolic improvements, and diet preference following vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG). SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA OEA is an anorectic N-acylethanolamine produced from dietary fats within the intestinal lumen that can modulate lipid metabolism, insulin secretion, and energy expenditure by activating targets such as PPARα and GPR119. METHODS Diet-induced obese mice, including wild-type or whole body knockout (KO) of PPARα, GPR119, and CD36, were stratified to either VSG or sham surgery before body weight, body composition, diet preference, and glucose and lipid metabolic endpoints were assessed. RESULTS We found increased duodenal production of OEA and expression of both GPR119 and CD36 were upregulated in wild-type mice after VSG. However, weight loss and glucose tolerance were improved in response to VSG in PPARαKO, GPR119KO, and CD36KO mice. In fact, VSG corrected hepatic triglyceride dysregulation in CD36KO mice, and circulating triglyceride and cholesterol levels in PPARαKO mice. Lastly, we found PPARα-mediated signaling contributes to macronutrient preference independent of VSG, while removal of CD36 signaling blunts the VSG-induced shift toward carbohydrate preference. CONCLUSIONS In the search for more effective and less invasive therapies to help reverse the global acceleration of obesity and obesity-related disease OEA is a promising candidate; however, our data indicate that it is not an underlying mechanism of the effectiveness of VSG.
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De Luca L, Ferracane R, Calderón Ramírez N, Vitaglione P. N-Acylphosphatidylethanolamines and N-acylethanolamines increase in saliva upon food mastication: the influence of the individual nutritional status and fat type in food. Food Funct 2020; 11:3382-3392. [PMID: 32232261 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02205h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the individual nutritional status on the salivary concentration of N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), including linoleoylethanolamide (LEA), oleoylethanolamide (OEA), and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), and their precursors N-acylphosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs) upon mastication of biscuits containing different fats. Three types of biscuits were formulated with 10% extra-virgin olive oil (EVOB), 10% palm oil (PALMB) or 10% paraffin oil (0% lipids, CONB). Twenty-five healthy subjects, 12 normal weight (NW, 9 F, 30.4 ± 8.7 years) and 13 obese (OB, 8 F, 35.5 ± 10.7 years) participated in a randomized crossover study. Fasting subjects collected unstimulated saliva (US) and stimulated saliva by masticating a parafilm piece (PP), and CONB, EVOB and PALMB. NAPEs, LEA, OEA and PEA were quantified in saliva samples by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. The results showed that salivary NAPE and NAE concentrations in OB were higher than in NW in both US (NAPEs: 280.0 ± 45.4 ng mL-1vs. 121.8 ± 24.4 ng mL-1, p = 0.015; NAEs: 10.8 ± 1.4 ng mL-1vs. 4.8 ± 0.8 ng mL-1, p = 0.002, respectively) and PP (NAPEs: 259.8 ± 47.1 ng mL-1vs. 121.7 ± 16.9 ng mL-1, p = 0.049; NAEs: 6.1 ± 0.8 ng mL-1vs. 3.8 ± 0.4 ng mL-1, p = 0.03, respectively). NAPE and LEA levels were similar in US and PP, while the levels of OEA and PEA were lower in PP vs. US. Compared to PP, biscuit mastication increased the salivary NAPEs, LEA, OEA and overall NAEs in NW and OB. NAPEs increased in the order of EVOB = CONB > PALMB in NW and EVOB > CONB = PALMB in OB. LEA, OEA and overall NAEs increased similarly with all the biscuits in NW and in the order of EVOB > PALMB > CONB in OB. In contrast, the PEA concentration did not vary in saliva upon biscuit mastication in NW and neither with EVOB in OB, while it lowered with CONB and PALMB in OB. In conclusion, OB showed higher salivary levels of NAPEs and NAEs than NW. Mastication itself did not vary salivary NAPEs and LEA but reduced OEA, PEA and overall NAEs. Biscuit mastication increased salivary NAPEs and all NAEs, but PEA. Altogether, the data suggested that NAPEs and NAEs were released in saliva from biscuits at levels influenced by the individual nutritional status and biscuit type. These findings may have implications in molecular mechanisms underpinning gustatory processes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia De Luca
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", 80055 Portici, Italy.
| | - Rosalia Ferracane
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", 80055 Portici, Italy.
| | - Nancy Calderón Ramírez
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", 80055 Portici, Italy.
| | - Paola Vitaglione
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", 80055 Portici, Italy.
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49
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Ho M, Anderson GH, Lin L, Bazinet RP, Kubant R. Ethanolamides of essential α-linolenic and linoleic fatty acids suppress short-term food intake in rats. Food Funct 2020; 11:3066-3072. [PMID: 32191234 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02884f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Food source has a significant impact on levels of fatty acids and their derivatives, fatty acid ethanolamides (FAEs), in the small intestine and brain. Among non-essential fatty acids, oleic acid and its FAE acutely reduce food intake. However, effects of the essential α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, and their FAEs on appetite regulation remain undefined. This study tested the hypothesis that α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid mediate acute suppression of food intake through their corresponding FAEs, α-linolenoylethanolamide and linoleoylethanolamide, respectively. To allow for the differentiation of the effects of FAEs and their parent fatty acids, male Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenoylethanolamide and linoleoylethanolamide after a 12-hour overnight fast. Short-term food intake, plasma and brain FAE status, and plasma concentrations of insulin and leptin were measured to determine whether these hormones mediate the anorectic effect of FAEs. Both ethanolamides, but not their parent fatty acids, acutely suppressed food intake up to one hour post-treatment and this effect was independent of insulin and leptin hormones. In conclusion, essential α-linolenic and linoleic fatty acids mediate acute suppression of food intake through their corresponding FAEs. These findings may aid in the further research of FAEs as potential therapeutic agents for the management and treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Ho
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 5th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - G Harvey Anderson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 5th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 5th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 5th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Ruslan Kubant
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 5th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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50
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Fornelos N, Franzosa EA, Bishai J, Annand JW, Oka A, Lloyd-Price J, Arthur TD, Garner A, Avila-Pacheco J, Haiser HJ, Tolonen AC, Porter JA, Clish CB, Sartor RB, Huttenhower C, Vlamakis H, Xavier RJ. Growth effects of N-acylethanolamines on gut bacteria reflect altered bacterial abundances in inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Microbiol 2020; 5:486-497. [PMID: 31959971 PMCID: PMC7047597 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0655-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are associated with alterations in gut microbial abundances and lumenal metabolite concentrations, but the effects of specific metabolites on the gut microbiota in health and disease remain largely unknown. Here, we analysed the influences of metabolites that are differentially abundant in IBD on the growth and physiology of gut bacteria that are also differentially abundant in IBD. We found that N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), a class of endogenously produced signalling lipids elevated in the stool of IBD patients and a T-cell transfer model of colitis, stimulated growth of species over-represented in IBD and inhibited that of species depleted in IBD in vitro. Using metagenomic sequencing, we recapitulated the effects of NAEs in complex microbial communities ex vivo, with Proteobacteria blooming and Bacteroidetes declining in the presence of NAEs. Metatranscriptomic analysis of the same communities identified components of the respiratory chain as important for the metabolism of NAEs, and this was verified using a mutant deficient for respiratory complex I. In this study, we identified NAEs as a class of metabolites that are elevated in IBD and have the potential to shift gut microbiota towards an IBD-like composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric A Franzosa
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason Bishai
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John W Annand
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Akihiko Oka
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jason Lloyd-Price
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ashley Garner
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Henry J Haiser
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey A Porter
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - R Balfour Sartor
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hera Vlamakis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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