1
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Nagy N, Kaber G, Sunkari VG, Marshall PL, Hargil A, Kuipers HF, Ishak HD, Bogdani M, Hull RL, Grandoch M, Fischer JW, McLaughlin TL, Wight TN, Bollyky PL. Inhibition of hyaluronan synthesis prevents β-cell loss in obesity-associated type 2 diabetes. Matrix Biol 2023; 123:34-47. [PMID: 37783236 PMCID: PMC10841470 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and death are central to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We identified a novel role for the inflammatory extracellular matrix polymer hyaluronan (HA) in this pathophysiology. Low concentrations of HA were present in healthy pancreatic islets. However, HA substantially accumulated in cadaveric islets of T2D patients and islets of the db/db mouse model of T2D in response to hyperglycemia. Treatment with 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), an inhibitor of HA synthesis, or the deletion of the main HA receptor CD44, preserved glycemic control and insulin concentrations in db/db mice despite ongoing weight gain, indicating a critical role for this pathway in T2D pathogenesis. 4-MU treatment and the deletion of CD44 likewise preserved glycemic control in other settings of β-cell injury including streptozotocin treatment and islet transplantation. Mechanistically, we found that 4-MU increased the expression of the apoptosis inhibitor survivin, a downstream transcriptional target of CD44 dependent on HA/CD44 signaling, on β-cells such that caspase 3 activation did not result in β-cell apoptosis. These data indicated a role for HA accumulation in diabetes pathogenesis and suggested that it may be a viable target to ameliorate β-cell loss in T2D. These data are particularly exciting, because 4-MU is already an approved drug (also known as hymecromone), which could accelerate translation of these findings to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Nagy
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Beckman Center B241A, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gernot Kaber
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Beckman Center B241A, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vivekananda G Sunkari
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Beckman Center B241A, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Payton L Marshall
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Beckman Center B241A, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aviv Hargil
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Beckman Center B241A, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hedwich F Kuipers
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Beckman Center B241A, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Heather D Ishak
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Beckman Center B241A, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Rebecca L Hull
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens W Fischer
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tracey L McLaughlin
- Department of Medicine, Medicine - Endocrinology, Endocrine Clinic, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Paul L Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Beckman Center B241A, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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2
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Wang AJ, Ren J, Wang A, Hascall VC. Monocyte adhesive hyaluronan matrix induced by hyperglycemia in diabetic lung injuries. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104995. [PMID: 37394007 PMCID: PMC10413281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Infiltrated pre-inflammatory monocytes and macrophages have important roles in the induction of diabetic lung injuries, but the mechanism mediating their infiltration is still unclear. Here, we showed that airway smooth muscle cells (SMCs) activated monocyte adhesion in response to hyperglycemic glucose (25.6 mM) by significantly increasing hyaluronan (HA) in the cell matrix, with concurrent 2- to 4-fold increases in adhesion of U937 monocytic-leukemic cells. The HA-based structures were attributed directly to the high-glucose and not to increased extracellular osmolality, and they required growth stimulation of SMCs by serum. Treatment of SMCs with heparin in high-glucose induces synthesis of a much larger HA matrix, consistent with our observations in the glomerular SMCs. Further, we observed increases in tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) expression in high-glucose and high-glucose plus heparin cultures, and the heavy chain (HC)-modified HA structures existed on the monocyte-adhesive cable structures in high-glucose and in high-glucose plus heparin-treated SMC cultures. Interestingly, these HC-modified HA structures were unevenly distributed along the HA cables. Further, the in vitro assay with recombinant human TSG-6 and the HA14 oligo showed that heparin has no inhibitory activity on the TSG-6-induced HC-transfer to HA, consistent with the results from SMC cultures. These results support the hypothesis that hyperglycemia in airway smooth muscle induces the synthesis of a HA matrix that recruits inflammatory cells and establishes a chronic inflammatory process and fibrosis that lead to diabetic lung injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Jun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Juan Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Aimin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Vincent C Hascall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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3
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MacLeod R, Chan FV, Yuan H, Ye X, Sin YJA, Vitelli TM, Cucu T, Leung A, Baljak I, Osinski S, Fu Y, Jung GID, Amar A, DeAngelis PL, Hellman U, Cowman MK. Selective isolation of hyaluronan by solid phase adsorption to silica. Anal Biochem 2022; 652:114769. [PMID: 35660507 PMCID: PMC9589902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
A solid phase adsorption method for selective isolation of hyaluronan (HA) from biological samples is presented. Following enzymatic degradation of protein, HA can be separated from sulfated glycosaminoglycans, other unsulfated glycosaminoglycans, nucleic acids, and proteolytic fragments by adsorption to amorphous silica at specific salt concentrations. The adsorbed HA can be released from silica using neutral and basic aqueous solutions. HA ranging in size from ∼9 kDa to MDa polymers has been purified by this method from human serum and conditioned medium of cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca MacLeod
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 433 First Avenue, 9thfloor, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
| | - Fok Vun Chan
- Echelon Biosciences Inc., 675 Arapeen Drive, Suite 302, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA.
| | - Han Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 6 Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 6 Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.
| | - Yun Jin Ashley Sin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 433 First Avenue, 9thfloor, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
| | - Teraesa M Vitelli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 433 First Avenue, 9thfloor, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
| | - Tudor Cucu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 6 Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.
| | - Annie Leung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 6 Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.
| | - Irene Baljak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 433 First Avenue, 9thfloor, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
| | - Samantha Osinski
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 6 Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.
| | - Yuhong Fu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 6 Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.
| | - Gyu Ik Daniel Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 6 Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.
| | - Anant Amar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 6 Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.
| | - Paul L DeAngelis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Oklahoma, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - Urban Hellman
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Mary K Cowman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 433 First Avenue, 9thfloor, New York, NY, 10010, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 6 Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.
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4
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Tang F, Brune JE, Chang MY, Reeves SR, Altemeier WA, Frevert CW. Defining the Versican Interactome in Lung Health and Disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C249-C276. [PMID: 35649251 PMCID: PMC9291419 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00162.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) imparts critical mechanical and biochemical information to cells in the lungs. Proteoglycans are essential constituents of the ECM and play a crucial role in controlling numerous biological processes, including regulating cellular phenotype and function. Versican, a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan required for embryonic development, is almost absent from mature, healthy lungs and is re-expressed and accumulates in acute and chronic lung disease. Studies using genetically engineered mice show that the versican-enriched matrix can be pro- or anti-inflammatory depending on the cellular source or disease process studied. The mechanisms whereby versican develops a contextual ECM remain largely unknown. The primary goal of this review is to provide an overview of the interaction of versican with its many binding partners, the "versican interactome," and how through these interactions, versican is an integrator of complex extracellular information. Hopefully, the information provided in this review will be used to develop future studies to determine how versican and its binding partners can develop contextual ECMs that control select biological processes. While this review focuses on versican and the lungs, what is described can be extended to other proteoglycans, tissues, and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Tang
- Center for Lung Biology, the University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jourdan E Brune
- Center for Lung Biology, the University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Mary Y Chang
- Center for Lung Biology, the University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Stephen R Reeves
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - William A Altemeier
- Center for Lung Biology, the University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, WA, United States.,ivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Charles W Frevert
- Center for Lung Biology, the University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,ivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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5
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Albtoush N, Petrey AC. The role of Hyaluronan synthesis and degradation in the critical respiratory illness COVID-19. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C1037-C1046. [PMID: 35442830 PMCID: PMC9126216 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00071.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a polysaccharide found in all tissues as an integral component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that plays a central regulatory role in inflammation. In fact, HA matrices are increasingly considered as a barometer of inflammation. A number of proteins specifically recognize the HA structure and these interactions modify cell behavior and control the stability of the ECM. Moreover, inflamed airways are remarkably rich with HA and are associated with various inflammatory diseases including cystic fibrosis, influenza, sepsis, and more recently coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 is a worldwide pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2, and infected individuals have a wide range of disease manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to severe illness. Critically ill COVID-19 patient cases are frequently complicated by development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which typically leads to poor outcomes with high mortality rate. In general, ARDS is characterized by poor oxygenation accompanied with severe lung inflammation, damage, and vascular leakage and has been suggested to be linked to an accumulation of HA within the airways. Here, we provide a succinct overview of known inflammatory mechanisms regulated by HA in general, and those both observed and postulated in critically ill patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nansy Albtoush
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Aaron C Petrey
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States.,Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Rivas F, Erxleben D, Smith I, Rahbar E, DeAngelis PL, Cowman MK, Hall AR. Methods for isolating and analyzing physiological hyaluronan: a review. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C674-C687. [PMID: 35196167 PMCID: PMC8977137 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00019.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The carbohydrate hyaluronan (or hyaluronic acid, HA) is found in all human tissues and biofluids where it has wide-ranging functions in health and disease that are dictated by both its abundance and size. Consequently, hyaluronan evaluation in physiological samples has significant translational potential. Although the analytical tools and techniques for probing other biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids have become standard approaches in biochemistry, those available for investigating hyaluronan are less well established. In this review, we survey methods related to the assessment of native hyaluronan in biological specimens, including protocols for separating it from biological matrices and technologies for determining its concentration and molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Rivas
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Dorothea Erxleben
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Ian Smith
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Elaheh Rahbar
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Paul L DeAngelis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Mary K Cowman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, New York, New York
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Adam R Hall
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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7
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Herjan T, Xiao J, Dziendziel Kolanek M. RNA-Binding Protein HuR Promotes Airway Inflammation in a House Dust Mite-Induced Allergic Asthma Model. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2022; 42:29-38. [PMID: 35041516 PMCID: PMC8787712 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2021.0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that interleukin 17 (IL-17) is critically involved in the pathogenesis of severe asthma. We have previously reported that upon IL-17 stimulation, Act1, an IL-17-receptor-complex adaptor, directly binds to its target mRNAs and utilizes other proteins, such as HuR, to upregulate mRNA stability and translation. HuR mRNA targets include multiple asthma-related genes. In this study, we have used house dust mite (HDM), a natural allergen, to test the role of HuR in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. We found that HuR deletion in airway epithelium diminished HDM-induced lung inflammation, including neutrophil and eosinophil infiltration. While Th2 cytokines were not altered, the production of CXCL1, CXCL5 and CCL11 chemokines was significantly diminished. Airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells contribute to the pathogenesis of allergic asthma by orchestrating inflammatory and remodeling responses. We found that IL-17 treatment of ASM cells induced translocation of HuR from nucleus to cytoplasm, where it bound directly to Cxcl1 and Ccl11 mRNA. Deletion of HuR in ASM cells decreased their proliferation as well as CXCL1 and CCL11 production in response to IL-17. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the importance of HuR-mediated regulation of gene expression to the pathogenesis of allergic asthma, in both airway epithelial and ASM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Herjan
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jianxin Xiao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Monika Dziendziel Kolanek
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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8
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Johnson LA, Jackson DG. Hyaluronan and Its Receptors: Key Mediators of Immune Cell Entry and Trafficking in the Lymphatic System. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082061. [PMID: 34440831 PMCID: PMC8393520 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Entry to the afferent lymphatics marks the first committed step for immune cell migration from tissues to draining lymph nodes both for the generation of immune responses and for timely resolution of tissue inflammation. This critical process occurs primarily at specialised discontinuous junctions in initial lymphatic capillaries, directed by chemokines released from lymphatic endothelium and orchestrated by adhesion between lymphatic receptors and their immune cell ligands. Prominent amongst the latter is the large glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) that can form a bulky glycocalyx on the surface of certain tissue-migrating leucocytes and whose engagement with its key lymphatic receptor LYVE-1 mediates docking and entry of dendritic cells to afferent lymphatics. Here we outline the latest insights into the molecular mechanisms by which the HA glycocalyx together with LYVE-1 and the related leucocyte receptor CD44 co-operate in immune cell entry, and how the process is facilitated by the unusual character of LYVE-1 • HA-binding interactions. In addition, we describe how pro-inflammatory breakdown products of HA may also contribute to lymphatic entry by transducing signals through LYVE-1 for lymphangiogenesis and increased junctional permeability. Lastly, we outline some future perspectives and highlight the LYVE-1 • HA axis as a potential target for immunotherapy.
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9
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Nakada EM, Sun R, Fujii U, Martin JG. The Impact of Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Protein Modifications, Folding and Degradation on Lung Structure and Function. Front Physiol 2021; 12:665622. [PMID: 34122136 PMCID: PMC8188853 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.665622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) causes ER stress and induces the unfolded protein response (UPR) and other mechanisms to restore ER homeostasis, including translational shutdown, increased targeting of mRNAs for degradation by the IRE1-dependent decay pathway, selective translation of proteins that contribute to the protein folding capacity of the ER, and activation of the ER-associated degradation machinery. When ER stress is excessive or prolonged and these mechanisms fail to restore proteostasis, the UPR triggers the cell to undergo apoptosis. This review also examines the overlooked role of post-translational modifications and their roles in protein processing and effects on ER stress and the UPR. Finally, these effects are examined in the context of lung structure, function, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Nakada
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rui Sun
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Utako Fujii
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - James G. Martin
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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10
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Loh Z, Simpson J, Ullah A, Zhang V, Gan WJ, Lynch JP, Werder RB, Sikder AA, Lane K, Sim CB, Porrello E, Mazzone SB, Sly PD, Steptoe RJ, Spann KM, Sukkar MB, Upham JW, Phipps S. HMGB1 amplifies ILC2-induced type-2 inflammation and airway smooth muscle remodelling. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008651. [PMID: 32658914 PMCID: PMC7377495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-2 immunity elicits tissue repair and homeostasis, however dysregulated type-2 responses cause aberrant tissue remodelling, as observed in asthma. Severe respiratory viral infections in infancy predispose to later asthma, however, the processes that mediate tissue damage-induced type-2 inflammation and the origins of airway remodelling remain ill-defined. Here, using a preclinical mouse model of viral bronchiolitis, we find that increased epithelial and mesenchymal high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) expression is associated with increased numbers of IL-13-producing type-2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2s) and the expansion of the airway smooth muscle (ASM) layer. Anti-HMGB1 ablated lung ILC2 numbers and ASM growth in vivo, and inhibited ILC2-mediated ASM cell proliferation in a co-culture model. Furthermore, we identified that HMGB1/RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation endproducts) signalling mediates an ILC2-intrinsic IL-13 auto-amplification loop. In summary, therapeutic targeting of the HMGB1/RAGE signalling axis may act as a novel asthma preventative by dampening ILC2-mediated type-2 inflammation and associated ASM remodelling. Asthma can start at any time in life, although most often begins in early childhood. Wheezy viral bronchiolitis is a major independent risk factor for subsequent asthma. However, key knowledge gaps exist in relation to the sequelae of severe viral bronchiolitis and the pathogenic processes that promote type-2 inflammation and airway wall remodelling, cardinal features of asthma. Our study addresses this gap by identifying high-mobility group box 1 as a pathogenic cytokine that contributes to group 2 innate lymphoid cell-induced airway smooth muscle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixuan Loh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jennifer Simpson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ashik Ullah
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vivian Zhang
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wan J. Gan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason P. Lynch
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rhiannon B. Werder
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland, Australia
| | - Al Amin Sikder
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katie Lane
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Choon Boon Sim
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Enzo Porrello
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stuart B. Mazzone
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter D. Sly
- Children’s Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Raymond J. Steptoe
- UQ Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kirsten M. Spann
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maria B. Sukkar
- Graduate School of Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - John W. Upham
- UQ Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Simon Phipps
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
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11
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Lord MS, Melrose J, Day AJ, Whitelock JM. The Inter-α-Trypsin Inhibitor Family: Versatile Molecules in Biology and Pathology. J Histochem Cytochem 2020; 68:907-927. [PMID: 32639183 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420940067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inter-α-trypsin inhibitor (IαI) family members are ancient and unique molecules that have evolved over several hundred million years of vertebrate evolution. IαI is a complex containing the proteoglycan bikunin to which heavy chain proteins are covalently attached to the chondroitin sulfate chain. Besides its matrix protective activity through protease inhibitory action, IαI family members interact with extracellular matrix molecules and most notably hyaluronan, inhibit complement, and provide cell regulatory functions. Recent evidence for the diverse roles of the IαI family in both biology and pathology is reviewed and gives insight into their pivotal roles in tissue homeostasis. In addition, the clinical uses of these molecules are explored, such as in the treatment of inflammatory conditions including sepsis and Kawasaki disease, which has recently been associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan S Lord
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James Melrose
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, Northern, Sydney University, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony J Day
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - John M Whitelock
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Stem Cell Extracellular Matrix & Glycobiology, Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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12
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Wight TN, Kang I, Evanko SP, Harten IA, Chang MY, Pearce OMT, Allen CE, Frevert CW. Versican-A Critical Extracellular Matrix Regulator of Immunity and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:512. [PMID: 32265939 PMCID: PMC7105702 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) proteoglycan, versican increases along with other ECM versican binding molecules such as hyaluronan, tumor necrosis factor stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6), and inter alpha trypsin inhibitor (IαI) during inflammation in a number of different diseases such as cardiovascular and lung disease, autoimmune diseases, and several different cancers. These interactions form stable scaffolds which can act as "landing strips" for inflammatory cells as they invade tissue from the circulation. The increase in versican is often coincident with the invasion of leukocytes early in the inflammatory process. Versican interacts with inflammatory cells either indirectly via hyaluronan or directly via receptors such as CD44, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), and toll-like receptors (TLRs) present on the surface of immune and non-immune cells. These interactions activate signaling pathways that promote the synthesis and secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, IL-6, and NFκB. Versican also influences inflammation by interacting with a variety of growth factors and cytokines involved in regulating inflammation thereby influencing their bioavailability and bioactivity. Versican is produced by multiple cell types involved in the inflammatory process. Conditional total knockout of versican in a mouse model of lung inflammation demonstrated significant reduction in leukocyte invasion into the lung and reduced inflammatory cytokine expression. While versican produced by stromal cells tends to be pro-inflammatory, versican expressed by myeloid cells can create anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive microenvironments. Inflammation in the tumor microenvironment often contains elevated levels of versican. Perturbing the accumulation of versican in tumors can inhibit inflammation and tumor progression in some cancers. Thus versican, as a component of the ECM impacts immunity and inflammation through regulating immune cell trafficking and activation. Versican is emerging as a potential target in the control of inflammation in a number of different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N. Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Inkyung Kang
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Stephen P. Evanko
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ingrid A. Harten
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Mary Y. Chang
- Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Oliver M. T. Pearce
- Centre for the Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carys E. Allen
- Centre for the Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles W. Frevert
- Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
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13
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Bogdani M, Speake C, Dufort MJ, Johnson PY, Larmore MJ, Day AJ, Wight TN, Lernmark Å, Greenbaum CJ. Hyaluronan deposition in islets may precede and direct the location of islet immune-cell infiltrates. Diabetologia 2020; 63:549-560. [PMID: 31907557 PMCID: PMC7002022 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-05066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Substantial deposition of the extracellular matrix component hyaluronan (HA) is characteristic of insulitis in overt type 1 diabetes. We investigated whether HA accumulation is detectable in islets early in disease pathogenesis and how this affects the development of insulitis and beta cell mass. METHODS Pancreas tissue from 15 non-diabetic organ donors who were positive for islet autoantibodies (aAbs) and from 14 similarly aged aAb- control donors were examined for the amount of islet HA staining and the presence of insulitis. The kinetics of HA deposition in islets, along with the onset and progression of insulitis and changes in beta cell mass, were investigated in BioBreeding DRLyp/Lyp rats (a model of spontaneous autoimmune diabetes) from 40 days of age until diabetes onset. RESULTS Abundant islet HA deposits were observed in pancreas tissues from n = 3 single- and n = 4 double-aAb+ donors (aAb+HAhigh). In these seven tissues, the HA-stained areas in islets measured 1000 ± 240 μm2 (mean ± SEM) and were fourfold larger than those from aAb- control tissues. The aAb+HAhigh tissues also had a greater prevalence of islets that were highly rich in HA (21% of the islets in these tissues contained the largest HA-stained areas [>2000 μm2] vs less than 1% in tissues from aAb- control donors). The amount of HA staining in islets was associated with the number of aAbs (i.e. single- or double-aAb positivity) but not with HLA genotype or changes in beta cell mass. Among the seven aAb+HAhigh tissues, three from single- and one from double-aAb+ donors did not show any islet immune-cell infiltrates, indicating that HA accumulates in aAb+ donors independently of insulitis. The three aAb+HAhigh tissues that exhibited insulitis had the largest HA-stained areas and, in these tissues, islet-infiltrating immune cells co-localised with the most prominent HA deposits (i.e. with HA-stained areas >2000 μm2). Accumulation of HA in islets was evident prior to insulitis in 7-8-week-old presymptomatic DRLyp/Lyp rats, in which the islet HA-stained area measured 2370 ± 170 μm2 (mean ± SEM), which was threefold larger than in 6-week-old rats. This initial islet HA deposition was not concurrent with beta cell loss. Insulitis was first detected in 9-10-week-old rats, in which the HA-stained areas were 4980 ± 500 μm2. At this age, the rats also exhibited a 44% reduction in beta cell mass. Further enlargement of the HA-positive areas (mean ± SEM: 7220 ± 880 μm2) was associated with invasive insulitis. HA deposits remained abundant in the islets of rats with destructive insulitis, which had lost 85% of their beta cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION This study indicates that HA deposition in islets occurs early in type 1 diabetes and prior to insulitis, and points to a potential role of HA in triggering islet immune-cell infiltration and the promotion of insulitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Bogdani
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.
| | - Cate Speake
- Diabetes Research Program and Clinical Research Center, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mathew J Dufort
- Bioinformatics Department, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Pamela Y Johnson
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Megan J Larmore
- Histology and Imaging Core, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anthony J Day
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Åke Lernmark
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Carla J Greenbaum
- Diabetes Research Program and Clinical Research Center, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
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14
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Lazrak A, Yu Z, Doran S, Jian MY, Creighton J, Laube M, Garantziotis S, Prakash YS, Matalon S. Upregulation of airway smooth muscle calcium-sensing receptor by low-molecular-weight hyaluronan. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L459-L471. [PMID: 31913654 PMCID: PMC7099432 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00429.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the mechanisms involved in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) following exposure of mice to halogens. Male mice (C57BL/6; 20-25 g) exposed to either bromine (Br2) or Cl2 (600 or 400 ppm, respectively, for 30 min) developed AHR 24 h after exposure. Nifedipine (5 mg/kg body wt; an L-type calcium channel blocker), administered subcutaneously after Br2 or Cl2 exposure, produced higher AHR compared with Br2 or Cl2 alone. In contrast, diltiazem (5 mg/kg body wt; a nondihydropyridine L-type calcium channel blocker) decreased AHR to control (air) values. Exposure of immortalized human airway smooth muscle cells (hASMC) to Br2 resulted in membrane potential depolarization (Vm Air: 62 ± 3 mV; 3 h post Br2:-45 ± 5 mV; means ± 1 SE; P < 0.001), increased intracellular [Ca2+]i, and increased expression of the calcium-sensing receptor (Ca-SR) protein. Treatment of hASMC with a siRNA against Ca-SR significantly inhibited the Br2 and nifedipine-induced Vm depolarization and [Ca2+]i increase. Intranasal administration of an antagonist to Ca-SR in mice postexposure to Br2 reversed the effects of Br2 and nifedipine on AHR. Incubation of hASMC with low-molecular-weight hyaluronan (LMW-HA), generated by exposing high-molecular-weight hyaluronan (HMW-HA) to Br2, caused Vm depolarization, [Ca2+]i increase, and Ca-SR expression to a similar extent as exposure to Br2 and Cl2. The addition of HMW-HA to cells or mice exposed to Br2, Cl2, or LMW-HA reversed these effects in vitro and improved AHR in vivo. We conclude that detrimental effects of halogen exposure on AHR are mediated via activation of the Ca-SR by LMW-HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Lazrak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine & Pulmonary Injury Repair Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Zhihong Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine & Pulmonary Injury Repair Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Stephen Doran
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine & Pulmonary Injury Repair Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ming-Yuan Jian
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine & Pulmonary Injury Repair Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Judy Creighton
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine & Pulmonary Injury Repair Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mandy Laube
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stavros Garantziotis
- Matrix Biology Group, Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering and Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sadis Matalon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine & Pulmonary Injury Repair Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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15
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Hu Y, Yang W, Xie L, Liu T, Liu H, Liu B. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Circ 2020; 10:2045894019900121. [PMID: 32110387 PMCID: PMC7000863 DOI: 10.1177/2045894019900121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is a fatal disease of which pulmonary vasculopathy is the main pathological feature resulting in the mean pulmonary arterial pressure higher than 25 mmHg. Moreover, pulmonary hypertension remains a tough problem with unclear molecular mechanisms. There have been dozens of studies about endoplasmic reticulum stress during the onset of pulmonary hypertension in patients, suggesting that endoplasmic reticulum stress may have a critical effect on the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension. The review aims to summarize the rationale to elucidate the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in pulmonary hypertension. Started by reviewing the mechanisms responsible for the unfolded protein response following endoplasmic reticulum stress, the potential link between endoplasmic reticulum stress and pulmonary hypertension were introduced, and the contributions of endoplasmic reticulum stress to different vascular cells, mitochondria, and inflammation were described, and finally the potential therapies of attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress for pulmonary hypertension were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.,The Vascular Remodeling and Developmental Defects Research Unit, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.,The Vascular Remodeling and Developmental Defects Research Unit, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hanmin Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.,The Vascular Remodeling and Developmental Defects Research Unit, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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16
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Werder RB, Lynch JP, Simpson JC, Zhang V, Hodge NH, Poh M, Forbes-Blom E, Kulis C, Smythe ML, Upham JW, Spann K, Everard ML, Phipps S. PGD2/DP2 receptor activation promotes severe viral bronchiolitis by suppressing IFN- λ production. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/440/eaao0052. [PMID: 29743346 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aao0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) signals through PGD2 receptor 2 (DP2, also known as CRTH2) on type 2 effector cells to promote asthma pathogenesis; however, little is known about its role during respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis, a major risk factor for asthma development. We show that RSV infection up-regulated hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase expression and increased PGD2 release by cultured human primary airway epithelial cells (AECs). Moreover, PGD2 production was elevated in nasopharyngeal samples from young infants hospitalized with RSV bronchiolitis compared to healthy controls. In a neonatal mouse model of severe viral bronchiolitis, DP2 antagonism decreased viral load, immunopathology, and morbidity and ablated the predisposition for subsequent asthma onset in later life. This protective response was abolished upon dual DP1/DP2 antagonism and replicated with a specific DP1 agonist. Rather than mediating an effect via type 2 inflammation, the beneficial effects of DP2 blockade or DP1 agonism were associated with increased interferon-λ (IFN-λ) [interleukin-28A/B (IL-28A/B)] expression and were lost upon IL-28A neutralization. In RSV-infected AEC cultures, DP1 activation up-regulated IFN-λ production, which, in turn, increased IFN-stimulated gene expression, accelerating viral clearance. Our findings suggest that DP2 antagonists or DP1 agonists may be useful antivirals for the treatment of viral bronchiolitis and possibly as primary preventatives for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon B Werder
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jason P Lynch
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jennifer C Simpson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Queensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston 4006, Australia
| | - Vivian Zhang
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston 4006, Australia
| | - Nick H Hodge
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew Poh
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Western Australia 6840, Australia
| | | | - Christina Kulis
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Mark L Smythe
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - John W Upham
- Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Kirsten Spann
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Queensland 4067, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Mark L Everard
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Western Australia 6840, Australia
| | - Simon Phipps
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston 4006, Australia. .,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Queensland 4067, Australia
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17
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Nagy N, Sunkari VG, Kaber G, Hasbun S, Lam DN, Speake C, Sanda S, McLaughlin TL, Wight TN, Long SR, Bollyky PL. Hyaluronan levels are increased systemically in human type 2 but not type 1 diabetes independently of glycemic control. Matrix Biol 2019; 80:46-58. [PMID: 30196101 PMCID: PMC6401354 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA), an extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan, is implicated in the pathogenesis of both type 1 diabetes (T1D) as well as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and has been postulated to be increased in these diseases due to hyperglycemia. We have examined the serum and tissue distribution of HA in human subjects with T1D and T2D and in mouse models of these diseases and evaluated the relationship between HA levels and glycemic control. We found that serum HA levels are increased in T2D but not T1D independently of hemoglobin-A1c, C-peptide, body mass index, or time since diabetes diagnosis. HA is likewise increased in skeletal muscle in T2D subjects relative to non-diabetic controls. Analogous increases in serum and muscle HA are seen in diabetic db/db mice (T2D), but not in diabetic DORmO mice (T1D). Diabetes induced by the β-cell toxin streptozotozin (STZ) lead to an increase in blood glucose but not to an increase in serum HA. These data indicate that HA levels are increased in multiple tissue compartments in T2D but not T1D independently of glycemic control. Given that T2D but not T1D is associated with systemic inflammation, these patterns are consistent with inflammatory factors and not hyperglycemia driving increased HA. Serum HA may have value as a biomarker of systemic inflammation in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Nagy
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Vivekananda G. Sunkari
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Gernot Kaber
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Sonia Hasbun
- Department of Cardiology, Good Samaritan Regional Medical Center, 3600 NW Samaritan Dr, Corvallis, OR, 97330
| | - Dung N. Lam
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Cate Speake
- Diabetes Clinical Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute, 1201 Ninth Ave, Seattle, WA, 98101
| | - Srinath Sanda
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF School of Medicine, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143
| | - Tracey L. McLaughlin
- Department of Medicine, Medicine – Endocrinology, Endocrine Clinic, Stanford School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Thomas N. Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, 1201 Ninth Ave, Seattle, WA, 98101
| | - Steven R. Long
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lane 235, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Paul L. Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305
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18
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Bulek K, Chen X, Parron V, Sundaram A, Herjan T, Ouyang S, Liu C, Majors A, Zepp J, Gao J, Dongre A, Bodaszewska-Lubas M, Echard A, Aronica M, Carman J, Garantziotis S, Sheppard D, Li X. IL-17A Recruits Rab35 to IL-17R to Mediate PKCα-Dependent Stress Fiber Formation and Airway Smooth Muscle Contractility. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:1540-1548. [PMID: 30683702 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
IL-17A is a critical proinflammatory cytokine for the pathogenesis of asthma including neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. In this study, by cell type-specific deletion of IL-17R and adaptor Act1, we demonstrated that IL-17R/Act1 exerts a direct impact on the contraction of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). Mechanistically, IL-17A induced the recruitment of Rab35 (a small monomeric GTPase) and DennD1C (guanine nucleotide exchange factor [GEF]) to the IL-17R/Act1 complex in ASMCs, resulting in activation of Rab35. Rab35 knockdown showed that IL-17A-induced Rab35 activation was essential for protein kinase Cα (PKCα) activation and phosphorylation of fascin at Ser39 in ASMCs, allowing F-actin to interact with myosin to form stress fibers and enhance the contraction induced by methacholine. PKCα inhibitor or Rab35 knockdown indeed substantially reduced IL-17A-induced stress fiber formation in ASMCs and attenuated IL-17A-enhanced, methacholine-induced contraction of airway smooth muscle. Taken together, these data indicate that IL-17A promotes airway smooth muscle contraction via direct recruitment of Rab35 to IL-17R, followed by PKCα activation and stress fiber formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bulek
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; .,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Vandy Parron
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Aparna Sundaram
- Lung Biology Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Tomasz Herjan
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195.,Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Suidong Ouyang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Caini Liu
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Alana Majors
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Jarod Zepp
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Ji Gao
- Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543; and
| | - Ashok Dongre
- Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543; and
| | - Malgorzata Bodaszewska-Lubas
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Arnaud Echard
- Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Lab, Cell Biology and Infection Department, Pasteur Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Mark Aronica
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Julie Carman
- Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543; and
| | - Stavros Garantziotis
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Dean Sheppard
- Lung Biology Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195;
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19
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Manou D, Caon I, Bouris P, Triantaphyllidou IE, Giaroni C, Passi A, Karamanos NK, Vigetti D, Theocharis AD. The Complex Interplay Between Extracellular Matrix and Cells in Tissues. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1952:1-20. [PMID: 30825161 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9133-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) maintains the structural integrity of tissues and regulates cell and tissue functions. ECM is comprised of fibrillar proteins, proteoglycans (PGs), glycosaminoglycans, and glycoproteins, creating a heterogeneous but well-orchestrated network. This network communicates with resident cells via cell-surface receptors. In particular, integrins, CD44, discoidin domain receptors, and cell-surface PGs and additionally voltage-gated ion channels can interact with ECM components, regulating signaling cascades as well as cytoskeleton configuration. The interplay of ECM with recipient cells is enriched by the extracellular vesicles, as they accommodate ECM, signaling, and cytoskeleton molecules in their cargo. Along with the numerous biological properties that ECM can modify, autophagy and angiogenesis, which are critical for tissue homeostasis, are included. Throughout development and disease onset and progression, ECM endures rearrangement to fulfill cellular requirements. The main responsible molecules for tissue remodeling are ECM-degrading enzymes including matrix metalloproteinases, plasminogen activators, cathepsins, and hyaluronidases, which can modify the ECM structure and function in a dynamic mode. A brief summary of the complex interplay between ECM macromolecules and cells in tissues and the contribution of ECM in tissue homeostasis and diseases is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Manou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Ilaria Caon
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Panagiotis Bouris
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Cristina Giaroni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Davide Vigetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
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20
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Johnson CG, Stober VP, Cyphert-Daly JM, Trempus CS, Flake GP, Cali V, Ahmad I, Midura RJ, Aronica MA, Matalon S, Garantziotis S. High molecular weight hyaluronan ameliorates allergic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in the mouse. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 315:L787-L798. [PMID: 30188746 PMCID: PMC6425518 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00009.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a major cause of morbidity in both pediatric and adult patients. Recent research has highlighted the role of hyaluronan (HA), an extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan, in asthma pathogenesis. Experimental allergic airway inflammation and clinical asthma are associated with an increase of shorter fragments of HA (sHA), which complex with inter-α-inhibitor heavy chains (HCs) and induce inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Importantly, the effects of sHA can be antagonized by the physiological counterpart high molecular weight HA (HMWHA). We used a mouse model of house dust mite-induced allergic airway inflammation and demonstrated that instilled HMWHA ameliorated allergic airway inflammation and AHR, even when given after the establishment of allergic sensitization and after challenge exposures. Furthermore, instilled HMWHA reduced the development of HA-HC complexes and the activation of Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2. We conclude that airway application of HMWHA is a potential treatment for allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin G Johnson
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Vandy P Stober
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Jaime M Cyphert-Daly
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Carol S Trempus
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Gordon P Flake
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Valbona Cali
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Israr Ahmad
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, and Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ronald J Midura
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mark A Aronica
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sadis Matalon
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, and Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Stavros Garantziotis
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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21
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Majors AK, Chakravarti R, Ruple LM, Leahy R, Stuehr DJ, Lauer M, Erzurum SC, Janocha A, Aronica MA. Nitric oxide alters hyaluronan deposition by airway smooth muscle cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200074. [PMID: 29966020 PMCID: PMC6028120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that is known to cause changes in the extracellular matrix, including changes in hyaluronan (HA) deposition. However, little is known about the factors that modulate its deposition or the potential consequences. Asthmatics with high levels of exhaled nitric oxide (NO) are characterized by greater airway reactivity and greater evidence of airway inflammation. Based on these data and our previous work we hypothesized that excessive NO promotes the pathologic production of HA by airway smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Exposure of cultured SMCs to various NO donors results in the accumulation of HA in the form of unique, cable-like structures. HA accumulates rapidly after exposure to NO and can be seen as early as one hour after NO treatment. The cable-like HA in NO-treated SMC cultures supports the binding of leukocytes. In addition, NO produced by murine macrophages (RAW cells) and airway epithelial cells also induces SMCs to produce HA cables when grown in co-culture. The modulation of HA by NO appears to be independent of soluble guanylate cyclase. Taken together, NO-induced production of leukocyte-binding HA by SMCs provides a new potential mechanism for the non-resolving airway inflammation in asthma and suggests a key role of non-immune cells in driving the chronic inflammation of the submucosa. Modulation of NO, HA and the consequent immune cell interactions may serve as potential therapeutic targets in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana K. Majors
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ritu Chakravarti
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Lisa M. Ruple
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rachel Leahy
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Dennis J. Stuehr
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mark Lauer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Serpil C. Erzurum
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Allison Janocha
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Aronica
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
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22
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Bell TJ, Brand OJ, Morgan DJ, Salek-Ardakani S, Jagger C, Fujimori T, Cholewa L, Tilakaratna V, Östling J, Thomas M, Day AJ, Snelgrove RJ, Hussell T. Defective lung function following influenza virus is due to prolonged, reversible hyaluronan synthesis. Matrix Biol 2018; 80:14-28. [PMID: 29933044 PMCID: PMC6548309 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the impact of viral infections on lung matrix despite its important contribution to mechanical stability and structural support. The composition of matrix also indirectly controls inflammation by influencing cell adhesion, migration, survival, proliferation and differentiation. Hyaluronan is a significant component of the lung extracellular matrix and production and degradation must be carefully balanced. We have discovered an imbalance in hyaluronan production following resolution of a severe lung influenza virus infection, driven by hyaluronan synthase 2 from epithelial cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Furthermore hyaluronan is complexed with inter-α-inhibitor heavy chains due to elevated TNF-stimulated gene 6 expression and sequesters CD44-expressing macrophages. We show that intranasal administration of exogenous hyaluronidase is sufficient to release inter-α-inhibitor heavy chains, reduce lung hyaluronan content and restore lung function. Hyaluronidase is already used to facilitate dispersion of co-injected materials in the clinic. It is therefore feasible that fibrotic changes following severe lung infection and inflammation could be overcome by targeting abnormal matrix production. Influenza causes prolonged changes in hyaluronan due to increased synthase activity Influenza induces persistent hyaluronan cross-linking by inter-alpha-inhibitor heavy chains Pockets of persistent hyaluronan are associated with CD44-expressing macrophages Digestion of hyaluronan with intranasal hyaluronidase restores lung function but upon cessation of treatment post-viral complications return
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Bell
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, UK; Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Oliver J Brand
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, UK
| | - David J Morgan
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Samira Salek-Ardakani
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher Jagger
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Toshifumi Fujimori
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Lauren Cholewa
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Viranga Tilakaratna
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jörgen Östling
- Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity IMED, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matt Thomas
- Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity IMED, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anthony J Day
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Robert J Snelgrove
- Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Tracy Hussell
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, UK.
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23
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Fischer JW. Role of hyaluronan in atherosclerosis: Current knowledge and open questions. Matrix Biol 2018; 78-79:324-336. [PMID: 29510229 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA), HA synthases (HAS) and HA receptors are expressed during the progression of atherosclerotic plaques. HA is thought to promote the activated phenotype of local vascular smooth muscle cells characterized by increased migration, proliferation and matrix synthesis. Furthermore, HA may modulate the immune response by increasing macrophage retention and by promoting the polarization of Th1 cells that enhance macrophage driven inflammation as well. The pro-atherosclerotic functions of HA are opposed by the presence of HA in the glycocalyx where it critically contributes to anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory function of the glycocalyx. Patients with atherosclerosis often are affected by comorbidities among them diabetes mellitus type 2 and inflammatory comorbidities. Diabetes mellitus type 2 likely has close interrelations to HA synthesis in atherosclerosis because the activity and transcription of HA synthases are sensitive to the intracellular glucose metabolism, which determines the substrate availability and the posttranslational modifications of HA synthases. The pro-inflammatory comorbidities aggravate the course of atherosclerosis and will affect the expression of the genes related to HA biosynthesis, -degradation, HA-matrix assembly or signaling. One example being the induction of HAS3 by interleukin-1β and other cytokines. Furthermore complications of atherosclerosis such as the healing after myocardial infarction also involve HA responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens W Fischer
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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24
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Abstract
The glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) is a key component of the microenvironment surrounding cells. In healthy tissues, HA molecules have extremely high molecular mass and consequently large hydrodynamic volumes. Tethered to the cell surface by clustered receptor proteins, HA molecules crowd each other, as well as other macromolecular species. This leads to severe nonideality in physical properties of the biomatrix, because steric exclusion leads to an increase in effective concentration of the macromolecules. The excluded volume depends on both polymer concentration and hydrodynamic volume/molecular mass. The biomechanical properties of the extracellular matrix, tissue hydration, receptor clustering, and receptor-ligand interactions are strongly affected by the presence of HA and by its molecular mass. In inflammation, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species fragment the HA chains. Depending on the rate of chain degradation relative to the rates of new synthesis and removal of damaged chains, short fragments of the HA molecules can be present at significant levels. Not only are the physical properties of the extracellular matrix affected, but the HA fragments decluster their primary receptors and act as endogenous danger signals. Bioanalytical methods to isolate and quantify HA fragments have been developed to determine profiles of HA content and size in healthy and diseased biological fluids and tissues. These methods have potential use in medical diagnostic tests. Therapeutic agents that modulate signaling by HA fragments show promise in wound healing and tissue repair without fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Cowman
- Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, United States
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25
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Unno H, Miller M, Rosenthal P, Beppu A, Das S, Broide DH. Activating transcription factor 6α (ATF6α) regulates airway hyperreactivity, smooth muscle proliferation, and contractility. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 141:439-442.e4. [PMID: 28958904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotoshi Unno
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Marina Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Peter Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Andrew Beppu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Sudipta Das
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - David H Broide
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif.
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26
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Hyaluronan mediates the adhesion of porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells to poly (I:C)-treated intestinal cells and modulates their cytokine production. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 184:8-17. [PMID: 28166932 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA), a major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), has been increasingly recognized as a regulator of inflammation. Its role is complex since it has pro- and anti-inflammatory actions by modulating the expression of inflammatory genes, the recruitment of inflammatory cells and the production of inflammatory cytokines, but also by attenuating the course of inflammation and providing protection against tissue damage. Certain viruses and other inflammatory stimuli induce organization of HA into cable-like structures, which may be responsible for leukocyte recruitment and, on the other hand, low molecular weight fragments of HA have been shown to activate various inflammatory responses. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of a simulated infection with the viral mimetic Poly (I:C) on HA deposition on different porcine intestinal cells (primary colonic muscular smooth muscle cells (SMC), and epithelial IPEC-J2 and IPI-2I cell lines) and on the recruitment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to intestinal cell layers. We show that Poly (I:C) treatment induces the formation of an HA-based pericellular matrix coat in muscular SMC and in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and that, on differentiated IPEC-J2 cells, HA accumulates in the basolateral membrane. Porcine PBMCs bind to Poly (I:C)-treated cells and this binding is dependent on HA, since the increase in adhesion is abolished by hyaluronidase treatment of the cell layers. A second goal was to study the effect of different molecular weight HA forms on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-8) by porcine PBMCs. Low molecular weight HA fragments (100-150kDa), in contrast to high molecular weight HA (2500kDa), stimulate the release of these pro-inflammatory mediators by porcine PBMCs. Our results suggest that HA is involved in the inflammatory response against pathogenic insults to the porcine gut.
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27
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Kang I, Harten IA, Chang MY, Braun KR, Sheih A, Nivison MP, Johnson PY, Workman G, Kaber G, Evanko SP, Chan CK, Merrilees MJ, Ziegler SF, Kinsella MG, Frevert CW, Wight TN. Versican Deficiency Significantly Reduces Lung Inflammatory Response Induced by Polyinosine-Polycytidylic Acid Stimulation. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:51-63. [PMID: 27895126 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.753186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infection is an exacerbating factor contributing to chronic airway diseases, such as asthma, via mechanisms that are still unclear. Polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), a Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) agonist used as a mimetic to study viral infection, has been shown to elicit inflammatory responses in lungs and to exacerbate pulmonary allergic reactions in animal models. Previously, we have shown that poly(I:C) stimulates lung fibroblasts to accumulate an extracellular matrix (ECM), enriched in hyaluronan (HA) and its binding partner versican, which promotes monocyte adhesion. In the current study, we aimed to determine the in vivo role of versican in mediating inflammatory responses in poly(I:C)-induced lung inflammation using a tamoxifen-inducible versican-deficient mouse model (Vcan-/- mice). In C57Bl/6 mice, poly(I:C) instillation significantly increased accumulation of versican and HA, especially in the perivascular and peribronchial regions, which were enriched in infiltrating leukocytes. In contrast, versican-deficient (Vcan-/-) lungs did not exhibit increases in versican or HA in these regions and had strikingly reduced numbers of leukocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lower expression of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines. Poly(I:C) stimulation of lung fibroblasts isolated from control mice generated HA-enriched cable structures in the ECM, providing a substrate for monocytic cells in vitro, whereas lung fibroblasts from Vcan-/- mice did not. Moreover, increases in proinflammatory cytokine expression were also greatly attenuated in the Vcan-/- lung fibroblasts. These findings provide strong evidence that versican is a critical inflammatory mediator during poly(I:C)-induced acute lung injury and, in association with HA, generates an ECM that promotes leukocyte infiltration and adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mary Y Chang
- the Department of Comparative Medicine and Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, and
| | | | - Alyssa Sheih
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98101
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mervyn J Merrilees
- the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Steven F Ziegler
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98101
| | | | - Charles W Frevert
- the Department of Comparative Medicine and Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, and
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28
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Matuska B, Comhair S, Farver C, Chmiel J, Midura RJ, Bonfield T, Lauer ME. Pathological Hyaluronan Matrices in Cystic Fibrosis Airways and Secretions. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 55:576-585. [PMID: 27243106 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0358oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) has been used in treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) via a nebulizer and has demonstrated success in clinical outcomes. HA is an important glycosaminoglycan that is cross-linked by heavy chains (HCs) from inter-α-inhibitor during inflammation. HC cross-linked HA (HC-HA) becomes significantly more adhesive for leukocytes than non-cross-linked HA, which can enhance inflammation. Our studies tested the hypothesis that HC-HA is present in CF airways and that altered ratios of HC-HA to its degradation into relatively lower molecular weight HA contribute to the pathophysiology of chronic inflammation in CF. We evaluated the distribution, levels, and size of HC-HA within CF, healthy, and diseased control lung, bronchus, and sputum tissues by histological and biochemical approaches. HC-HA was significantly elevated in CF, with deposits around the pulmonary vasculature, airway submucosa, and in the stroma of the submucosal glands. The increased infiltration of leukocyte populations correlated with the distribution of HC-HA matrices in the airways. Elevated lung tissue HC-HA correlated with decreased HA levels in CF mucus and sputum compared with controls, suggesting that aberrant degradation and cross-linking of HA in lung tissue is a unique feature of CF. The accumulation and degradation of proinflammatory HC-HA in CF lung tissue suggests that aberrant HA catabolism and cross-linking may contribute to chronic inflammation in airway tissues and affect mucus viscosity in CF airways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - James Chmiel
- 4 Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; and.,5 Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy/Immunology, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Tracey Bonfield
- 4 Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; and
| | - Mark E Lauer
- Departments of 1 Biomedical Engineering.,6 Pediatric Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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29
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Hyaluronidase and Hyaluronan Oligosaccharides Promote Neurological Recovery after Intraventricular Hemorrhage. J Neurosci 2016; 36:872-89. [PMID: 26791217 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3297-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in premature infants results in inflammation, arrested oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) maturation, and reduced myelination of the white matter. Hyaluronan (HA) inhibits OPC maturation and complexes with the heavy chain (HC) of glycoprotein inter-α-inhibitor to form pathological HA (HC-HA complex), which exacerbates inflammation. Therefore, we hypothesized that IVH would result in accumulation of HA, and that either degradation of HA by hyaluronidase treatment or elimination of HCs from pathological HA by HA oligosaccharide administration would restore OPC maturation, myelination, and neurological function in survivors with IVH. To test these hypotheses, we used the preterm rabbit model of glycerol-induced IVH and analyzed autopsy samples from premature infants. We found that total HA levels were comparable in both preterm rabbit pups and human infants with and without IVH, but HA receptors--CD44, TLR2, TLR4--were elevated in the forebrain of both humans and rabbits with IVH. Hyaluronidase treatment of rabbits with IVH reduced CD44 and TLR4 expression, proinflammatory cytokine levels, and microglia infiltration. It also promoted OPC maturation, myelination, and neurological recovery. HC-HA and tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 were elevated in newborns with IVH; and depletion of HC-HA levels by HA oligosaccharide treatment reduced inflammation and enhanced myelination and neurological recovery in rabbits with IVH. Hence, hyaluronidase or HA oligosaccharide treatment represses inflammation, promotes OPC maturation, and restores myelination and neurological function in rabbits with IVH. These therapeutic strategies might improve the neurological outcome of premature infants with IVH. Significance statement: Approximately 12,000 premature infants develop IVH every year in the United States, and a large number of survivors with IVH develop cerebral palsy and cognitive deficits. The onset of IVH induces inflammation of the periventricular white matter, which results in arrested maturation of OPCs and myelination failure. HA is a major component of the extracellular matrix of the brain, which regulates inflammation through CD44 and TLR2/4 receptors. Here, we show two mechanism-based strategies that effectively enhanced myelination and neurological recovery in preterm rabbit model of IVH. First, degrading HA by hyaluronidase treatment reduced CD44 and TLR4 expression, proinflammatory cytokines, and microglial infiltration, as well as promoted oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination. Second, intraventricular injection of HA oligosaccharide reduced inflammation and enhanced myelination, conceivably by depleting HC-HA levels.
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30
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Lawrance W, Banerji S, Day AJ, Bhattacharjee S, Jackson DG. Binding of Hyaluronan to the Native Lymphatic Vessel Endothelial Receptor LYVE-1 Is Critically Dependent on Receptor Clustering and Hyaluronan Organization. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:8014-30. [PMID: 26823460 PMCID: PMC4825007 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.708305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic endothelial receptor LYVE-1 has been implicated in both uptake of hyaluronan (HA) from tissue matrix and in facilitating transit of leukocytes and tumor cells through lymphatic vessels based largely on in vitro studies with recombinant receptor in transfected fibroblasts. Curiously, however, LYVE-1 in lymphatic endothelium displays little if any binding to HA in vitro, and this has led to the conclusion that the native receptor is functionally silenced, a feature that is difficult to reconcile with its proposed in vivo functions. Nonetheless, as we reported recently, LYVE-1 can function as a receptor for HA-encapsulated Group A streptococci and mediate lymphatic dissemination in mice. Here we resolve these paradoxical findings and show that the capacity of LYVE-1 to bind HA is strictly dependent on avidity, demanding appropriate receptor self-association and/or HA multimerization. In particular, we demonstrate the prerequisite of a critical LYVE-1 threshold density and show that HA binding may be elicited in lymphatic endothelium by surface clustering with divalent LYVE-1 mAbs. In addition, we show that cross-linking of biotinylated HA in streptavidin multimers or supramolecular complexes with the inflammation-induced protein TSG-6 enables binding even in the absence of LYVE-1 cross-linking. Finally, we show that endogenous HA on the surface of macrophages can engage LYVE-1, facilitating their adhesion and transit across lymphatic endothelium. These results reveal LYVE-1 as a low affinity receptor tuned to discriminate between different HA configurations through avidity and establish a new mechanistic basis for the functions ascribed to LYVE-1 in matrix HA binding and leukocyte trafficking in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Lawrance
- From the MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom and
| | - Suneale Banerji
- From the MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom and
| | - Anthony J Day
- the Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Shaumick Bhattacharjee
- From the MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom and
| | - David G Jackson
- From the MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom and
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Al Faraj A, Shaik AS, Afzal S, Al-Muhsen S, Halwani R. Specific targeting and noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging of an asthma biomarker in the lung using polyethylene glycol functionalized magnetic nanocarriers. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2015; 11:172-83. [PMID: 26708935 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous inhibition of IL4 and IL13 via the common receptor chain IL4Rα to block adequately their biologic effects presents a promising therapeutic approach to give the additional relief required for asthma patients. In this study, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were conjugated with anti-IL4Rα blocking antibodies via polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers. The delivery of these blocking antibodies to the inflammatory sites in the lung via the developed nanocarriers was assessed using noninvasive free-breathing pulmonary MRI. Biocompatibility assays confirmed the safety of the developed nanocarriers for pre-clinical investigations. For all the investigated formulations, nanocarriers were found to be very stable at neutral pH. However, the stability noticeably decreased with the PEG length in acidic environment and thus the loaded antibodies were preferentially released. Immunofluorescence and fluorimetry assays confirmed the binding of the nanocarriers to the IL4Rα asthma biomarker. Pulmonary MRI performed using an ultra-short echo time sequence allowed simultaneous noninvasive monitoring of inflammatory responses induced by ovalbumin challenge and tracking of the developed nanocarriers, which were found to colocalize with the inflammatory sites in the lung. Targeting of the developed nanocarriers to areas rich in IL4Rα positive inflammatory cells was confirmed using histological and flow cytometry analyses. The anti-IL4Rα-conjugated nanocarriers developed here have been confirmed to be efficient in targeting key inflammatory cells during chronic lung inflammation following intrapulmonary administration. Targeting efficiency was monitored using noninvasive MRI, allowing detection of the nanocarriers' colocalizations with the inflammatory sites in the lung of ovalbumin-challenged asthmatic mice. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achraf Al Faraj
- King Saud University, Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Sultana Shaik
- King Saud University, Prince Naif Health Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud University, Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research and Asthma Research Chair, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sibtain Afzal
- King Saud University, Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research and Asthma Research Chair, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Al-Muhsen
- King Saud University, Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research and Asthma Research Chair, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabih Halwani
- King Saud University, Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research and Asthma Research Chair, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Lorentzen KA, Chai S, Chen H, Danielsen CC, Simonsen U, Wogensen L. Mechanisms involved in extracellular matrix remodeling and arterial stiffness induced by hyaluronan accumulation. Atherosclerosis 2015; 244:195-203. [PMID: 26671518 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hyperglycemia induces hyaluronan (HA) accumulation in the vasculature. Excessive accumulation of HA around the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) results in increased aortic stiffness and strength and accelerated atherosclerosis in ApoE(-)/(-) mice. We hypothesized that HA accumulation primes the vasculature for atherosclerosis by crosslinking and reorganizing the extracellular matrix (ECM) and by pushing VSMC differentiation towards a less mature phenotype. METHODS Aortas from HAS-2 transgenic (Tg) mice and wild type mice were used for all experiments. Biomechanics and cross-sectional area measurements were performed before and after HA digestion. The vessel and ECM composition was examined by immunoblotting and electron microscopy. Primary VSMC cultures were examined by qPCR and thymidine incorporation. RESULTS Tg mice aorta cross-sectional area was increased before (14%, p = 0.0148), but not after HA digestion (p = 0.3437). The increase in vessel stiffness (32%, p = 0.0217) and strength (31%, p = 0.0043) in the Tg aorta persisted after HA digestion. Crosslinking of HA by heavy chains from Inter-α-Inhibitor was increased (175%, p = 0.0006). The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that induced HA accumulation is followed by increased HA crosslinking and create a shift in VSMC phenotype and proliferation. These findings may provide a mechanism for how hyperglycemia through HA accumulation prime the vascular wall for cholesterol and leucocyte accumulation and development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Axelgaard Lorentzen
- The Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, The Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus University Hospital, Noerrebrogade 44, Bld. 3B -1, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Song Chai
- The Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, The Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus University Hospital, Noerrebrogade 44, Bld. 3B -1, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Hui Chen
- The Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, The Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus University Hospital, Noerrebrogade 44, Bld. 3B -1, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Carl Christian Danielsen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 3, Bld. 1233, Room 132, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Ulf Simonsen
- Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, Research and Education, East. Aarhus University Bartholins Allé 6, Bld. 1242, Room 341, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Lise Wogensen
- The Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, The Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus University Hospital, Noerrebrogade 44, Bld. 3B -1, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Abbadi A, Lauer M, Swaidani S, Wang A, Hascall V. Hyaluronan Rafts on Airway Epithelial Cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:1448-55. [PMID: 26601955 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.704288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cells, including murine airway epithelial cells, respond to a variety of inflammatory stimuli by synthesizing leukocyte-adhesive hyaluronan (HA) cables that remain attached to their cell surfaces. This study shows that air-liquid interface cultures of murine airway epithelial cells (AECs) also actively synthesize and release a majority of their HA onto their ciliated apical surfaces to form a heavy chain hyaluronan (HC-HA) matrix in the absence of inflammatory stimuli. These matrices do not resemble the rope-like HA cables but occur in distinct sheets or rafts that can capture and embed leukocytes from cell suspensions. The HC-HA modification involves the transfer of heavy chains from the inter-α-inhibitor (IαI) proteoglycan, which has two heavy chains (HC1 and HC2) on its chondroitin sulfate chain. The transesterification transfer of HCs from chondroitin sulfate to HA is mediated by tumor necrosis factor-induced gene 6 (TSG-6), which is up-regulated in inflammatory reactions. Because the AEC cultures do not have TSG-6 nor serum, the source of IαI, assays for HCs and TSG-6 were done. The results show that AECs synthesize TSG-6 and their own heavy chain donor (pre-IαI) with a single heavy chain 3 (HC3), which are also constitutively expressed by human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. These leukocyte adhesive HC3-HA structures were also found in the bronchoalveolar lavage of naïve mice and were observed on their apical ciliated surfaces. Thus, these leukocyte-adhesive HA rafts are now identified as HC3-HA complexes that could be part of a host defense mechanism filling some important gaps in our current understanding of murine airway epithelial biology and secretions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Abbadi
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115
| | - Mark Lauer
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering and
| | - Shadi Swaidani
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 and
| | - Aimin Wang
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering and
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Hyperglycemia-Induced Changes in Hyaluronan Contribute to Impaired Skin Wound Healing in Diabetes: Review and Perspective. Int J Cell Biol 2015; 2015:701738. [PMID: 26448756 PMCID: PMC4581551 DOI: 10.1155/2015/701738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcers and chronic wounds are a particularly common problem in diabetics and are associated with hyperglycemia. In this targeted review, we summarize evidence suggesting that defective wound healing in diabetics is causally linked, at least in part, to hyperglycemia-induced changes in the status of hyaluronan (HA) that resides in the pericellular coat (glycocalyx) of endothelial cells of small cutaneous blood vessels. Potential mechanisms through which exposure to high glucose levels causes a loss of the glycocalyx on the endothelium and accelerates the recruitment of leukocytes, creating a proinflammatory environment, are discussed in detail. Hyperglycemia also affects other cells in the immediate perivascular area, including pericytes and smooth muscle cells, through exposure to increased cytokine levels and through glucose elevations in the interstitial fluid. Possible roles of newly recognized, cross-linked forms of HA, and interactions of a major HA receptor (CD44) with cytokine/growth factor receptors during hyperglycemia, are also discussed.
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Cowman MK, Lee HG, Schwertfeger KL, McCarthy JB, Turley EA. The Content and Size of Hyaluronan in Biological Fluids and Tissues. Front Immunol 2015; 6:261. [PMID: 26082778 PMCID: PMC4451640 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan is a simple repeating disaccharide polymer, synthesized at the cell surface by integral membrane synthases. The repeating sequence is perfectly homogeneous, and is the same in all vertebrate tissues and fluids. The polymer molecular mass is more variable. Most commonly, hyaluronan is synthesized as a high-molecular mass polymer, with an average molecular mass of approximately 1000–8000 kDa. There are a number of studies showing increased hyaluronan content, but reduced average molecular mass with a broader range of sizes present, in tissues or fluids when inflammatory or tissue-remodeling processes occur. In parallel studies, exogenous hyaluronan fragments of low-molecular mass (generally, <200 kDa) have been shown to affect cell behavior through binding to receptor proteins such as CD44 and RHAMM (gene name HMMR), and to signal either directly or indirectly through toll-like receptors. These data suggest that receptor sensitivity to hyaluronan size provides a biosensor of the state of the microenvironment surrounding the cell. Sensitive methods for isolation and characterization of hyaluronan and its fragments have been developed and continue to improve. This review provides an overview of the methods and our current state of knowledge of hyaluronan content and size distribution in biological fluids and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Cowman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Biomatrix Research Center, New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering , New York, NY , USA
| | - Hong-Gee Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Biomatrix Research Center, New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering , New York, NY , USA
| | - Kathryn L Schwertfeger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Masonic Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN , USA
| | - James B McCarthy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Masonic Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN , USA
| | - Eva A Turley
- Department of Oncology, London Health Sciences Center, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University , London, ON , Canada ; Department of Biochemistry, London Health Sciences Center, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University , London, ON , Canada ; Department of Surgery, London Health Sciences Center, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University , London, ON , Canada
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Monslow J, Govindaraju P, Puré E. Hyaluronan - a functional and structural sweet spot in the tissue microenvironment. Front Immunol 2015; 6:231. [PMID: 26029216 PMCID: PMC4432798 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition from homeostatic to reactive matrix remodeling is a fundamental adaptive tissue response to injury, inflammatory disease, fibrosis, and cancer. Alterations in architecture, physical properties, and matrix composition result in changes in biomechanical and biochemical cellular signaling. The dynamics of pericellular and extracellular matrices, including matrix protein, proteoglycan, and glycosaminoglycan modification are continually emerging as essential regulatory mechanisms underlying cellular and tissue function. Nevertheless, the impact of matrix organization on inflammation and immunity in particular and the consequent effects on tissue healing and disease outcome are arguably under-studied aspects of adaptive stress responses. Herein, we review how the predominant glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) contributes to the structure and function of the tissue microenvironment. Specifically, we examine the evidence of HA degradation and the generation of biologically active smaller HA fragments in pathological settings in vivo. We discuss how HA fragments versus nascent HA via alternate receptor-mediated signaling influence inflammatory cell recruitment and differentiation, resident cell activation, as well as tumor growth, survival, and metastasis. Finally, we discuss how HA fragmentation impacts restoration of normal tissue function and pathological outcomes in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Monslow
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Priya Govindaraju
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ellen Puré
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Misra S, Hascall VC, Markwald RR, Ghatak S. Interactions between Hyaluronan and Its Receptors (CD44, RHAMM) Regulate the Activities of Inflammation and Cancer. Front Immunol 2015; 6:201. [PMID: 25999946 PMCID: PMC4422082 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 525] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA), a major component of extracellular matrices, and cell surface receptors of HA have been proposed to have pivotal roles in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, which are necessary for inflammation and cancer progression. CD44 and receptor for HA-mediated motility (RHAMM) are the two main HA-receptors whose biological functions in human and murine inflammations and tumor cells have been investigated comprehensively. HA was initially considered to be only an inert component of connective tissues, but is now known as a “dynamic” molecule with a constant turnover in many tissues through rapid metabolism that involves HA molecules of various sizes: high molecular weight HA (HMW HA), low molecular weight HA, and oligosaccharides. The intracellular signaling pathways initiated by HA interactions with CD44 and RHAMM that lead to inflammatory and tumorigenic responses are complex. Interestingly, these molecules have dual functions in inflammations and tumorigenesis. For example, the presence of CD44 is involved in initiation of arthritis, while the absence of CD44 by genetic deletion in an arthritis mouse model increases rather than decreases disease severity. Similar dual functions of CD44 exist in initiation and progression of cancer. RHAMM overexpression is most commonly linked to cancer progression, whereas loss of RHAMM is associated with malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor growth. HA may similarly perform dual functions. An abundance of HMW HA can promote malignant cell proliferation and development of cancer, whereas antagonists to HA-CD44 signaling inhibit tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo by interfering with HMW HA-CD44 interaction. This review describes the roles of HA interactions with CD44 and RHAMM in inflammatory responses and tumor development/progression, and how therapeutic strategies that block these key inflammatory/tumorigenic processes may be developed in rodent and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suniti Misra
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA
| | - Vincent C Hascall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland , Ohio, OH , USA
| | - Roger R Markwald
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA
| | - Shibnath Ghatak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA
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38
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Lee-Sayer SSM, Dong Y, Arif AA, Olsson M, Brown KL, Johnson P. The where, when, how, and why of hyaluronan binding by immune cells. Front Immunol 2015; 6:150. [PMID: 25926830 PMCID: PMC4396519 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan is made and extruded from cells to form a pericellular or extracellular matrix (ECM) and is present in virtually all tissues in the body. The size and form of hyaluronan present in tissues are indicative of a healthy or inflamed tissue, and the interactions of hyaluronan with immune cells can influence their response. Thus, in order to understand how inflammation is regulated, it is necessary to understand these interactions and their consequences. Although there is a large turnover of hyaluronan in our bodies, the large molecular mass form of hyaluronan predominates in healthy tissues. Upon tissue damage and/or infection, the ECM and hyaluronan are broken down and an inflammatory response ensues. As inflammation is resolved, the ECM is restored, and high molecular mass hyaluronan predominates again. Immune cells encounter hyaluronan in the tissues and lymphoid organs and respond differently to high and low molecular mass forms. Immune cells differ in their ability to bind hyaluronan and this can vary with the cell type and their activation state. For example, peritoneal macrophages do not bind soluble hyaluronan but can be induced to bind after exposure to inflammatory stimuli. Likewise, naïve T cells, which typically express low levels of the hyaluronan receptor, CD44, do not bind hyaluronan until they undergo antigen-stimulated T cell proliferation and upregulate CD44. Despite substantial knowledge of where and when immune cells bind hyaluronan, why immune cells bind hyaluronan remains a major outstanding question. Here, we review what is currently known about the interactions of hyaluronan with immune cells in both healthy and inflamed tissues and discuss how hyaluronan binding by immune cells influences the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally S M Lee-Sayer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
| | - Yifei Dong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
| | - Arif A Arif
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
| | - Mia Olsson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
| | - Kelly L Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
| | - Pauline Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
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The role of hyaluronan in innate defense responses of the intestine. Int J Cell Biol 2015; 2015:481301. [PMID: 25922605 PMCID: PMC4397497 DOI: 10.1155/2015/481301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan is an abundant extracellular matrix component prevalent in the vertebrate intestinal tract. Here we discuss what is known about hyaluronan distribution during homeostasis and inflammatory diseases of the gut and discuss ways in which this glycosaminoglycan can participate in regulating innate host defense mechanisms. These natural responses include mechanisms promoting rapid leukocyte recruitment after bacterial challenge/colon tissue damage as well as promoting epithelial defense mechanisms in the intestine.
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40
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Danielson BT, Knudson CB, Knudson W. Extracellular processing of the cartilage proteoglycan aggregate and its effect on CD44-mediated internalization of hyaluronan. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:9555-70. [PMID: 25733665 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.643171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In many cells hyaluronan receptor CD44 mediates the endocytosis of hyaluronan and its delivery to endosomes/lysosomes. The regulation of this process remains largely unknown. In most extracellular matrices hyaluronan is not present as a free polysaccharide but often is found in complex with other small proteins and macromolecules such as proteoglycans. This is especially true in cartilage, where hyaluronan assembles into an aggregate structure with the large proteoglycan termed aggrecan. In this study when purified aggrecan was added to FITC-conjugated hyaluronan, no internalization of hyaluronan was detected. This suggested that the overall size of the aggregate prevented hyaluronan endocytosis and furthermore that proteolysis of the aggrecan was a required prerequisite for local, cell-based turnover of hyaluronan. To test this hypothesis, limited C-terminal digestion of aggrecan was performed to determine whether a size range of aggrecan exists that permits hyaluronan endocytosis. Our data demonstrate that only limited degradation of the aggrecan monomer was required to allow for hyaluronan internalization. When hyaluronan was combined with partially degraded, dansyl chloride-labeled aggrecan, blue fluorescent aggrecan was also visualized within intracellular vesicles. It was also determined that sonicated hyaluronan of smaller molecular size was internalized more readily than high molecular mass hyaluronan. However, the addition of intact aggrecan to hyaluronan chains sonicated for 5 and 10 s reblocked their endocytosis, whereas aggregates containing 15-s sonicated hyaluronan were internalized. These data suggest that hyaluronan endocytosis is regulated in large part by the extracellular proteolytic processing of hyaluronan-bound proteoglycan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben T Danielson
- From the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834
| | - Cheryl B Knudson
- From the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834
| | - Warren Knudson
- From the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834
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Ghosh S, Hoselton SA, Dorsam GP, Schuh JM. Hyaluronan fragments as mediators of inflammation in allergic pulmonary disease. Immunobiology 2014; 220:575-88. [PMID: 25582403 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is frequently caused and/or exacerbated by sensitization to allergens, which are ubiquitous in many indoor and outdoor environments. Severe asthma is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and bronchial constriction in response to an inhaled allergen, leading to a disease course that is often very difficult to treat with standard asthma therapies. As a result of interactions among inflammatory cells, structural cells, and the intercellular matrix of the allergic lung, patients with sensitization to allergens may experience a greater degree of tissue injury followed by airway wall remodeling and progressive, accumulated pulmonary dysfunction as part of the disease sequela. In addition, turnover of extracellular matrix (ECM) components is a hallmark of tissue injury and repair. This review focuses on the role of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA), a component of the ECM, in pulmonary injury and repair with an emphasis on allergic asthma. Both the synthesis and degradation of the ECM are critical contributors to tissue repair and remodeling. Fragmented HA accumulates during tissue injury and functions in ways distinct from the larger native polymer. There is gathering evidence that HA degradation products are active participants in stimulating the expression of inflammatory genes in a variety of immune cells at the injury site. In this review, we will consider recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms that are associated with HA accumulation and inflammatory cell recruitment in the asthmatic lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Ghosh
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
| | - Scott A Hoselton
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Glenn P Dorsam
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Jane M Schuh
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
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42
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Platelet hyaluronidase-2: an enzyme that translocates to the surface upon activation to function in extracellular matrix degradation. Blood 2014; 125:1460-9. [PMID: 25411425 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-07-590513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Following injury, platelets rapidly interact with the exposed extracellular matrix (ECM) of the vessel wall and the surrounding tissues. Hyaluronan (HA) is a major glycosaminoglycan component of the ECM and plays a significant role in regulating inflammation. We have recently reported that human platelets degrade HA from the surfaces of activated endothelial cells into fragments capable of inducing immune responses by monocytes. We also showed that human platelets contain the enzyme hyaluronidase-2 (HYAL2), one of two major hyaluronidases that digest HA in somatic tissues. The deposition of HA increases in inflamed tissues in several inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We therefore wanted to define the mechanism by which platelets degrade HA in the inflamed tissues. In this study, we show that human platelets degrade the proinflammatory matrix HA through the activity of HYAL2 and that platelet activation causes the immediate translocation of HYAL2 from a distinct population of α-granules to platelet surfaces where it exerts its catalytic activity. Finally, we show that patients with IBD have lower platelet HYAL2 levels and activity than healthy controls.
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43
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Ady JW, Desir S, Thayanithy V, Vogel RI, Moreira AL, Downey RJ, Fong Y, Manova-Todorova K, Moore MAS, Lou E. Intercellular communication in malignant pleural mesothelioma: properties of tunneling nanotubes. Front Physiol 2014; 5:400. [PMID: 25400582 PMCID: PMC4215694 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a particularly aggressive and locally invasive malignancy with a poor prognosis despite advances in understanding of cancer cell biology and development of new therapies. At the cellular level, cultured mesothelioma cells present a mesenchymal appearance and a strong capacity for local cellular invasion. One important but underexplored area of mesothelioma cell biology is intercellular communication. Our group has previously characterized in multiple histological subtypes of mesothelioma a unique cellular protrusion known as tunneling nanotubes (TnTs). TnTs are long, actin filament-based, narrow cytoplasmic extensions that are non-adherent when cultured in vitro and are capable of shuttling cellular cargo between connected cells. Our prior work confirmed the presence of nanotube structures in tumors resected from patients with human mesothelioma. In our current study, we quantified the number of TnTs/cell among various mesothelioma subtypes and normal mesothelial cells using confocal microscopic techniques. We also examined changes in TnT length over time in comparison to cell proliferation. We further examined potential approaches to the in vivo study of TnTs in animal models of cancer. We have developed novel approaches to study TnTs in aggressive solid tumor malignancies and define fundamental characteristics of TnTs in malignant mesothelioma. There is mounting evidence that TnTs play an important role in intercellular communication in mesothelioma and thus merit further investigation of their role in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin W Ady
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA
| | - Snider Desir
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA ; Integrative Biology and Physiology Program, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Venugopal Thayanithy
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rachel I Vogel
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - André L Moreira
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Downey
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuman Fong
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Malcolm A S Moore
- Department of Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA
| | - Emil Lou
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Lauer ME, Hascall VC, Green DE, DeAngelis PL, Calabro A. Irreversible heavy chain transfer to chondroitin. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:29171-9. [PMID: 25135638 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.600809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that the transfer of heavy chains (HCs) from inter-α-inhibitor, via the enzyme TSG-6 (tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene 6), to hyaluronan (HA) oligosaccharides is an irreversible event in which subsequent swapping of HCs between HA molecules does not occur. We now describe our results of HC transfer experiments to chondroitin sulfate A, chemically desulfated chondroitin, chemoenzymatically synthesized chondroitin, unsulfated heparosan, heparan sulfate, and alginate. Of these potential HC acceptors, only chemically desulfated chondroitin and chemoenzymatically synthesized chondroitin were HC acceptors. The kinetics of HC transfer to chondroitin was similar to HA. At earlier time points, HCs were more widely distributed among the different sizes of chondroitin chains. As time progressed, the HCs migrated to lower molecular weight chains of chondroitin. Our interpretation is that TSG-6 swaps the HCs from the larger, reversible sites on chondroitin chains, which function as HC acceptors, onto smaller chondroitin chains, which function as irreversible HC acceptors. HCs transferred to smaller chondroitin chains were unable to be swapped off the smaller chondroitin chains and transferred to HA. HCs transferred to high molecular weight HA were unable to be swapped onto chondroitin. We also present data that although chondroitin was a HC acceptor, HA was the preferred acceptor when chondroitin and HA were in the same reaction mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Lauer
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 and
| | - Vincent C Hascall
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 and
| | - Dixy E Green
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma Center for Medical Glycobiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73126
| | - Paul L DeAngelis
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma Center for Medical Glycobiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73126
| | - Anthony Calabro
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 and
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Kang I, Yoon DW, Braun KR, Wight TN. Expression of versican V3 by arterial smooth muscle cells alters tumor growth factor β (TGFβ)-, epidermal growth factor (EGF)-, and nuclear factor κB (NFκB)-dependent signaling pathways, creating a microenvironment that resists monocyte adhesion. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:15393-404. [PMID: 24719328 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.544338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocyte/macrophage accumulation plays a critical role during progression of cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis. Our previous studies demonstrated that retrovirally mediated expression of the versican V3 splice variant (V3) by arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) decreases monocyte adhesion in vitro and macrophage accumulation in a model of lipid-induced neointimal formation in vivo. We now demonstrate that V3-expressing ASMCs resist monocyte adhesion by altering the composition of the microenvironment surrounding the cells by affecting multiple signaling pathways. Reduction of monocyte adhesion to V3-expressing ASMCs is due to the generation of an extracellular matrix enriched in elastic fibers and depleted in hyaluronan, and reduction of the proinflammatory cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1). Blocking these changes reverses the protective effect of V3 on monocyte adhesion. The enhanced elastogenesis induced by V3 expression is mediated by TGFβ signaling, whereas the reduction in hyaluronan cable formation induced by V3 expression is mediated by the blockade of epidermal growth factor receptor and NFκB activation pathways. In addition, expression of V3 by ASMCs induced a marked decrease in NFκB-responsive proinflammatory cell surface molecules that mediate monocyte adhesion, such as VCAM1. Overall, these results indicate that V3 expression by ASMCs creates a microenvironment resistant to monocyte adhesion via differentially regulating multiple signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inkyung Kang
- From the Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington 98101
| | - Dong Won Yoon
- From the Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington 98101
| | - Kathleen R Braun
- From the Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington 98101
| | - Thomas N Wight
- From the Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington 98101
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Petrey AC, de la Motte CA. Hyaluronan, a crucial regulator of inflammation. Front Immunol 2014; 5:101. [PMID: 24653726 PMCID: PMC3949149 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA), a major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), plays a key role in regulating inflammation. Inflammation is associated with accumulation and turnover of HA polymers by multiple cell types. Increasingly through the years, HA has become recognized as an active participant in inflammatory, angiogenic, fibrotic, and cancer promoting processes. HA and its binding proteins regulate the expression of inflammatory genes, the recruitment of inflammatory cells, the release of inflammatory cytokines, and can attenuate the course of inflammation, providing protection against tissue damage. A growing body of evidence suggests the cell responses are HA molecular weight dependent. HA fragments generated by multiple mechanisms throughout the course of inflammatory pathologies, elicit cellular responses distinct from intact HA. This review focuses on the role of HA in the promotion and resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C Petrey
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland, OH , USA
| | - Carol A de la Motte
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland, OH , USA
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47
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Versican and the control of inflammation. Matrix Biol 2014; 35:152-61. [PMID: 24513039 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Versican is an extracellular matrix (ECM) proteoglycan that interacts with cells by binding to non-integrin and integrin receptors and to other ECM components that associate with the cell surface. Recent studies have shown also that versican interacts with myeloid and lymphoid cells promoting their adhesion and production of inflammatory cytokines. Versican is produced by stromal cells, as well as leukocytes, and is markedly increased in inflammation. Inflammatory agonists, such as double-stranded RNA mimetics (e.g., poly I:C), stimulate stromal cells, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts, to produce fibrillar ECMs enriched in versican and hyaluronan (HA) that interact with leukocytes promoting their adhesion. Interference with the incorporation of versican into this ECM blocks monocyte adhesion and dampens the inflammatory response. Tumor cells also express elevated levels of versican which interact with myeloid cells to promote an inflammatory response, through stimulating cytokine release, and metastasis. In addition, myeloid cells, such as macrophages in tumors, synthesize versican which affects tumor cell phenotypes, inflammation, and subsequent metastasis. Versican, by binding to hyaluronan, influences T lymphocyte phenotypes and in part controls the ability of these cells to synthesize and secrete cytokines that influence the immune response. Collectively, these studies indicate that versican as an ECM molecule plays a central role in inflammation and as a result it is emerging as a potential target promising wide therapeutic benefits.
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48
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Hyaluronan synthase 1 (HAS1) produces a cytokine-and glucose-inducible, CD44-dependent cell surface coat. Exp Cell Res 2014; 320:153-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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49
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Yuan H, Tank M, Alsofyani A, Shah N, Talati N, LoBello JC, Kim JR, Oonuki Y, de la Motte CA, Cowman MK. Molecular mass dependence of hyaluronan detection by sandwich ELISA-like assay and membrane blotting using biotinylated hyaluronan binding protein. Glycobiology 2013; 23:1270-80. [PMID: 23964097 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwt064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is widely detected in biological samples and its concentration is most commonly determined by the use of a labeled specific HA binding protein (aggrecan G1-IGD-G2, HABP), employing membrane blotting and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-like methods. However, the detected signal intensity or the quantified value obtained by using these surface-based methods is related to the molecular mass (M) of HA, especially for HA in the low M range below ~150 kDa. At the same mass or mass concentration, higher M HA gives a higher signal than lower M HA. We have experimentally determined the quantitative relationship between the M of HA (in the range 20-150 kDa) and the relative signal intensity in comparison with a standard HA, in a sandwich ELISA-like assay. An M-dependent signal correction factor (SCF) was calculated and used to correct the signal intensity, so that the corrected concentration value would more accurately reflect the true HA concentration in solution. The SCF for polydisperse low M HA was also calculated and compared with experimental results. When the molecular mass distribution of an HA sample is determined by a method such as gel electrophoresis, then its appropriately averaged SCF can be calculated and used to correct the signal in sandwich ELISA to obtain a more accurate concentration estimation. The correction method works for HA with M between ~150 and 20 kDa, but lower M HA is too poorly detected for useful analysis. The physical basis of the M-dependent detection is proposed to be the increase in detector-accessible fraction of each surface-bound molecule as M increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of New York University, 6 Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
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Ono Y, Sakai T, Hiraiwa H, Hamada T, Omachi T, Nakashima M, Ishizuka S, Matsukawa T, Knudson W, Knudson CB, Ishiguro N. Chondrogenic capacity and alterations in hyaluronan synthesis of cultured human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 435:733-9. [PMID: 23702485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During osteoarthritis there is a disruption and loss of the extracellular matrix of joint cartilage, composed primarily of type II collagen, aggrecan and hyaluronan. In young patients, autologous chondrocyte implantation can be used to repair cartilage defects. However, for more elderly patients with osteoarthritis, such a repair approach is contraindicated because the procedure requires a large expansion of autologous chondrocytes in vitro leading a rapid, perhaps irreversible, loss of the chondrocyte phenotype. This study investigates whether osteoarthritic chondrocytes obtained from older patients can be expanded in vitro and moreover, induced to re-activate their chondrocyte phenotype. A decrease in chondrocyte phenotype markers, collagen II, aggrecan and SOX9 mRNA was observed with successive expansion of cells in monolayer culture. However, chondrogenic induction in three-dimensional pellet culture successfully rescued the expression of all three marker genes to native levels, even with 4th passage cells-cells representing an approximate 625-fold expansion in cell number. This data supports the use of osteoarthritic cells for autologous implantation repair. In addition, another set of gene products were explored as useful markers of the chondrocyte phenotype. Differentiated primary chondrocytes exhibited a common pattern of hyaluronan synthase isoforms that changed upon cell expansion in vitro and, reverted back to the original pattern following pellet culture. Moreover, the change in isoform pattern correlated with changes in the molecular size of synthesized hyaluronan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Ono
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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