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Radziszewska A, Peckham H, de Gruijter NM, Restuadi R, Wu WH, Jury EC, Rosser EC, Ciurtin C. Active juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with distinct NK cell transcriptional and phenotypic alterations. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13074. [PMID: 38844784 PMCID: PMC11156641 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62325-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
While adaptive immune responses have been studied extensively in SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus), there is limited and contradictory evidence regarding the contribution of natural killer (NK) cells to disease pathogenesis. There is even less evidence about the role of NK cells in the more severe phenotype with juvenile-onset (J)SLE. In this study, analysis of the phenotype and function of NK cells in a large cohort of JSLE patients demonstrated that total NK cells, as well as perforin and granzyme A expressing NK cell populations, were significantly diminished in JSLE patients compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The reduction in NK cell frequency was associated with increased disease activity, and transcriptomic analysis of NK populations from active and low disease activity JSLE patients versus healthy controls confirmed that disease activity was the main driver of differential NK cell gene expression. Pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed an upregulation of interferon-α responses and a downregulation of exocytosis in active disease compared to healthy controls. Further gene set enrichment analysis also demonstrated an overrepresentation of the apoptosis pathway in active disease. This points to increased propensity for apoptosis as a potential factor contributing to NK cell deficiency in JSLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Radziszewska
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL UCLH and GOSH, London, UK.
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Hannah Peckham
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL UCLH and GOSH, London, UK
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nina M de Gruijter
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL UCLH and GOSH, London, UK
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Restuadi Restuadi
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL UCLH and GOSH, London, UK
| | - Wing Han Wu
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL UCLH and GOSH, London, UK
- NHS North Thames Genomic Laboratory Hub, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Jury
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Rosser
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL UCLH and GOSH, London, UK.
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Coziana Ciurtin
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL UCLH and GOSH, London, UK.
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
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Huynh DC, Nguyen MP, Ngo DT, Nguyen XH, Nguyen DT, Mai TH, Le TH, Hoang MD, Le KL, Nguyen KQ, Nguyen VH, Kelley KW. A comprehensive analysis of the immune system in healthy Vietnamese people. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30647. [PMID: 38765090 PMCID: PMC11101793 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle, diet, socioeconomic status and genetics all contribute to heterogeneity in immune responses. Vietnam is plagued with a variety of health problems, but there are no available data on immune system values in the Vietnamese population. This study aimed to establish reference intervals for immune cell parameters specific to the healthy Vietnamese population by utilizing multi-color flow cytometry (MCFC). We provide a comprehensive analysis of total leukocyte count, quantitative and qualitative shifts within lymphocyte subsets, serum and cytokine and chemokine levels and functional attributes of key immune cells including B cells, T cells, natural killer (NK) cells and their respective subpopulations. By establishing these reference values for the Vietnamese population, these data contribute significantly to our understanding of the human immune system variations across diverse populations. These data will be of substantial comparative value and be instrumental in developing personalized medical approaches and optimizing diagnostic strategies for individuals based on their unique immune profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Keith W Kelley
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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3
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Li Y, Sharma A, Hoffmann MJ, Skowasch D, Essler M, Weiher H, Schmidt-Wolf IGH. Discovering single cannabidiol or synergistic antitumor effects of cannabidiol and cytokine-induced killer cells on non-small cell lung cancer cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1268652. [PMID: 38558822 PMCID: PMC10979545 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1268652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction A multitude of findings from cell cultures and animal studies are available to support the anti-cancer properties of cannabidiol (CBD). Since CBD acts on multiple molecular targets, its clinical adaptation, especially in combination with cancer immunotherapy regimen remains a serious concern. Methods Considering this, we extensively studied the effect of CBD on the cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell immunotherapy approach using multiple non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells harboring diverse genotypes. Results Our analysis showed that, a) The Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily V Member 2 (TRPV2) channel was intracellularly expressed both in NSCLC cells and CIK cells. b) A synergistic effect of CIK combined with CBD, resulted in a significant increase in tumor lysis and Interferon gamma (IFN-g) production. c) CBD had a preference to elevate the CD25+CD69+ population and the CD62L_CD45RA+terminal effector memory (EMRA) population in NKT-CIK cells, suggesting early-stage activation and effector memory differentiation in CD3+CD56+ CIK cells. Of interest, we observed that CBD enhanced the calcium influx, which was mediated by the TRPV2 channel and elevated phosphor-Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinase (p-ERK) expression directly in CIK cells, whereas ERK selective inhibitor FR180204 inhibited the increasing cytotoxic CIK ability induced by CBD. Further examinations revealed that CBD induced DNA double-strand breaks via upregulation of histone H2AX phosphorylation in NSCLC cells and the migration and invasion ability of NSCLC cells suppressed by CBD were rescued using the TRPV2 antagonist (Tranilast) in the absence of CIK cells. We further investigated the epigenetic effects of this synergy and found that adding CBD to CIK cells decreased the Long Interspersed Nuclear Element-1 (LINE-1) mRNA expression and the global DNA methylation level in NSCLC cells carrying KRAS mutation. We further investigated the epigenetic effects of this synergy and found that adding CBD to CIK cells decreased the Long Interspersed Nuclear Element-1 (LINE-1) mRNA expression and the global DNA methylation level in NSCLC cells carrying KRAS mutation. Conclusions Taken together, CBD holds a great potential for treating NSCLC with CIK cell immunotherapy. In addition, we utilized NSCLC with different driver mutations to investigate the efficacy of CBD. Our findings might provide evidence for CBD-personized treatment with NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Li
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Amit Sharma
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michèle J. Hoffmann
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dirk Skowasch
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Essler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hans Weiher
- Department of Applied Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Ingo G. H. Schmidt-Wolf
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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4
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Maas-Bauer K, Köhler N, Stell AV, Zwick M, Acharya S, Rensing-Ehl A, König C, Kroll J, Baker J, Koßmann S, Pradier A, Wang S, Docquier M, Lewis DB, Negrin RS, Simonetta F. Single-cell transcriptomics reveal different maturation stages and sublineage commitment of human thymic invariant natural killer T cells. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:401-409. [PMID: 37742056 PMCID: PMC10799303 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T cells are a rare, heterogeneous T-cell subset with cytotoxic and immunomodulatory properties. During thymic development, murine invariant natural killer T cells go through different maturation stages differentiating into distinct sublineages, namely, invariant natural killer T1, 2, and 17 cells. Recent reports indicate that invariant natural killer T2 cells display immature properties and give rise to other subsets, whereas invariant natural killer T1 cells seem to be terminally differentiated. Whether human invariant natural killer T cells follow a similar differentiation model is still unknown. To define the maturation stages and assess the sublineage commitment of human invariant natural killer T cells during thymic development, in this study, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing analysis on human Vα24+Vβ11+ invariant natural killer T cells isolated from thymocytes. We show that these invariant natural killer T cells displayed heterogeneity, and our unsupervised analysis identified 5 clusters representing different maturation stages, from an immature profile with high expression of genes important for invariant natural killer T cell development and proliferation to a mature, fully differentiated profile with high levels of cytotoxic effector molecules. Evaluation of expression of sublineage-defining gene sets revealed mainly cells with an invariant natural killer T2 signature in the most immature cluster, whereas the more differentiated ones displayed an invariant natural killer T1 signature. Combined analysis with a publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing data set of human invariant natural killer T cells from peripheral blood suggested that the 2 main subsets exist both in thymus and in the periphery, while a third more immature one was restricted to the thymus. Our data point to the existence of different maturation stages of human thymic invariant natural killer T cells and provide evidence for sublineage commitment of invariant natural killer T cells in the human thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Maas-Bauer
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Stanford University, Center for Clinical Sciences Research Building, 269 W. Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Hugstetter Str. 55, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Natalie Köhler
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Hugstetter Str. 55, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- CIBSS—Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 18, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Anna-Verena Stell
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Hugstetter Str. 55, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Melissa Zwick
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Hugstetter Str. 55, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Swati Acharya
- Sean N. Parker Center for Asthma and Allergy Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 240 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA 94304, United States
| | - Anne Rensing-Ehl
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Breisacher Str. 115, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Christoph König
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Breisacher Str. 115, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Johannes Kroll
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center Freiburg University, Hugstetter Straße 55, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Jeanette Baker
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Stanford University, Center for Clinical Sciences Research Building, 269 W. Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Stefanie Koßmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Hugstetter Str. 55, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Amandine Pradier
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
- Translational Research Center for Oncohematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Sisi Wang
- Translational Research Center for Oncohematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Mylène Docquier
- iGE3 Genomics Platform, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
- Department of Genetics & Evolution, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - David B Lewis
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 240 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA 94304, United States
| | - Robert S Negrin
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Stanford University, Center for Clinical Sciences Research Building, 269 W. Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Federico Simonetta
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Stanford University, Center for Clinical Sciences Research Building, 269 W. Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
- Translational Research Center for Oncohematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
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Iloba I, McGarry SV, Yu L, Cruickshank D, Jensen GS. Differential Immune-Modulating Activities of Cell Walls and Secreted Metabolites from Probiotic Bacillus coagulans JBI-YZ6.3 under Normal versus Inflamed Culture Conditions. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2564. [PMID: 37894222 PMCID: PMC10609156 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Spore-forming probiotic bacteria, including Bacillus coagulans, are resilient and produce a variety of beneficial metabolites. We evaluated the immune-modulating effects of the novel probiotic strain Bacillus coagulans JBI-YZ6.3, where the germinated spores, metabolite fraction, and cell wall fraction were tested in parallel using human peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures under both normal and lipopolysaccharide-induced inflamed culture conditions. The expression of CD25 and CD69 activation markers was evaluated via flow cytometry. Supernatants were tested for cytokines, interferons, chemokines, and growth factors using Luminex arrays. The germinated spores were highly immunogenic; both the cell wall and metabolite fractions contributed significantly. Under normal culture conditions, increased levels of immune activation were observed as increased expressions of CD25 and CD69 relative to natural killer cells, suggesting an increased ability to attack virus-infected target cells. On monocytes, a complex effect was observed, where the expression of CD25 increased under normal conditions but decreased under inflamed conditions. This, in combination with increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) and decreased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) production under inflamed conditions, points to anti-inflammatory effects. The production of the stem cell-related growth factor granulocyte colony-stimulating Factor (G-CSF) was enhanced. Further research is warranted to characterize the composition of the postbiotic metabolite fraction and document the characteristics of immunomodulating agents secreted by this probiotic strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeanyi Iloba
- NIS Labs, 1437 Esplanade, Klamath Falls, OR 97601, USA;
| | - Sage V. McGarry
- NIS Labs, 807 St. George St., Port Dover, ON N0A 1N0, Canada; (S.V.M.); (L.Y.); (D.C.)
| | - Liu Yu
- NIS Labs, 807 St. George St., Port Dover, ON N0A 1N0, Canada; (S.V.M.); (L.Y.); (D.C.)
| | - Dina Cruickshank
- NIS Labs, 807 St. George St., Port Dover, ON N0A 1N0, Canada; (S.V.M.); (L.Y.); (D.C.)
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Mou J, Xie L, Xu Y, Zhou T, Liu Y, Huang Q, Tang K, Tian Z, Xing H, Qiu S, Rao Q, Wang M, Wang J. 2B4 inhibits the apoptosis of natural killer cells through phosphorylated extracellular signal-related kinase/B-cell lymphoma 2 signal pathway. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:1080-1090. [PMID: 37516949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Decades after the identification of natural killer (NK) cells as potential effector cells against malignantly transformed cells, an increasing amount of research suggests that NK cells are a prospective choice of immunocytes for cancer immunotherapy in addition to T lymphocytes for cancer immunotherapy. Recent studies have led to a breakthrough in the combination of hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation with allogeneic NK cells infusion for the treatment of malignant tumors. However, the short lifespan of NK cells in patients is the major impediment, limiting their efficacy. Therefore, prolonging the survival of NK cells will promote the application of NK-cell immunotherapy. As we have known, NK cells use a "missing-self" mechanism to lyse target cells and exert their functions through a wide array of activating, co-stimulatory and inhibitory receptors. Our previous study has suggested that CD244 (2B4), one of the co-stimulatory receptors, can improve the function of chimeric antigen receptor NK cells. However, the underlying mechanism of how 2B4 engages in the function of NK cells requires further investigation. Overall, we established a feeder cell with the expression of CD48, the ligand of 2B4, to investigate the function of 2B4-CD48 axis in NK cells, and meanwhile, to explore whether the newly generated feeder cell can improve the function of ex vivo-expanded NK cells. METHODS First, K562 cells overexpressing 4-1BBL and membrane-bound IL-21 (mbIL-21) were constructed (K562-41BBL-mbIL-21) and were sorted to generate the single clone. These widely used feeder cells (K562-41BBL-mbIL-21) were named as Basic Feeder hereinafter. Based on the Basic feeder, CD48 was overexpressed and named as CD48 Feeder. Then, the genetically modified feeder cells were used to expand primary NK cells from peripheral blood or umbilical cord blood. In vitro experiments were performed to compare proliferation ability, cytotoxicity, survival and activation/inhibition phenotypes of NK cells stimulated via different feeder cells. K562 cells were injected into nude mice subcutaneously with tail vein injection of NK cells from different feeder system for the detection of NK in vivo persistence and function. RESULTS Compared with Basic Feeders, CD48 Feeders can promote the proliferation of primary NK cells from peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood and reduce NK cell apoptosis by activating the p-ERK/BCL2 pathway both in vitro and in vivo without affecting overall phenotypes. Furthermore, NK cells expanded via CD48 Feeders showed stronger anti-tumor capability and infiltration ability into the tumor microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS In this preclinical study, the engagement of the 2B4-CD48 axis can inhibit the apoptosis of NK cells through the p-ERK/BCL2 signal pathway, leading to an improvement in therapeutic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China; Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Leling Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China; Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China; Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China; Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China; Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qianqian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China; Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Kejing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China; Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China; Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiyan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China; Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaowei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China; Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China; Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China; Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China; Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
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Yu L, McGarry S, Cruickshank D, Jensen GS. Rapid increase in immune surveillance and expression of NKT and γδT cell activation markers after consuming a nutraceutical supplement containing Aloe vera gel, extracts of Poria cocos and rosemary. A randomized placebo-controlled cross-over trial. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291254. [PMID: 37699014 PMCID: PMC10497150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
GOAL To evaluate the acute impact of a nutraceutical blend on immune surveillance. STUDY DESIGN A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial was conducted in 11 healthy subjects. Blood samples were taken immediately before and at 1, 2, and 3 hours after consuming placebo or 500 mg of UP360, which is a blend of botanicals from Aloe vera, Poria cocos, and rosemary (APR extract). Immunophenotyping and flow cytometry quantified numbers of monocytes, NK cells, NKT cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, γδT cells, and total T cells, and expression of CD25 and CD69 activation markers. Plasma was tested for cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase. RESULTS Compared to the placebo, consumption of APR extract triggered rapid increases in chemokine levels starting at 1 hour, including IP-10 (P<0.05) and MCP-1 (P<0.1), which peaked at 2 hours (P<0.01) and 3 hours (P<0.05), respectively. The stem cell-mobilizing growth factor G-CSF increased at 2 hours (P<0.05). Increased immune surveillance involved a transient effect for monocytes at 1 hour, followed by NKT cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, and γδT cells at 2-3 hours. Increased immune cell alertness was seen at 1 hour by increased CD25 expression on monocytes (P<0.01), NKT cells (P<0.01), and T cells (P<0.05). NKT cells showed upregulation of CD69 at 2 hours (P<0.01). Increased enzymatic activity was seen at 2 hours for the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (P<0.05) and catalase (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Consumption of APR extract triggered acute changes to chemokine levels. In addition, immune alertness was increased via the expression of activation markers on multiple types of innate immune cells, followed by increased immune surveillance and antioxidant protection. This suggests a beneficial enhancement of natural immune surveillance, likely via a combination of gut-mediated cytokine release and vagus nerve communication, in combination with cellular protection from oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yu
- NIS Labs, Port Dover, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Nisnboym M, Vincze SR, Xiong Z, Sneiderman CT, Raphael RA, Li B, Jaswal AP, Sever RE, Day KE, LaToche JD, Foley LM, Karimi H, Hitchens TK, Agnihotri S, Hu B, Rajasundaram D, Anderson CJ, Blumenthal DT, Pearce TM, Uttam S, Nedrow JR, Panigrahy A, Pollack IF, Lieberman FS, Drappatz J, Raphael I, Edwards WB, Kohanbash G. Immuno-PET Imaging of CD69 Visualizes T-Cell Activation and Predicts Survival Following Immunotherapy in Murine Glioblastoma. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:1173-1188. [PMID: 37426447 PMCID: PMC10324623 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Immunotherapy may be promising for the treatment of some patients with GBM; however, there is a need for noninvasive neuroimaging techniques to predict immunotherapeutic responses. The effectiveness of most immunotherapeutic strategies requires T-cell activation. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate an early marker of T-cell activation, CD69, for its use as an imaging biomarker of response to immunotherapy for GBM. Herein, we performed CD69 immunostaining on human and mouse T cells following in vitro activation and post immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in an orthotopic syngeneic mouse glioma model. CD69 expression on tumor-infiltrating leukocytes was assessed using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from patients with recurrent GBM receiving ICI. Radiolabeled CD69 Ab PET/CT imaging (CD69 immuno-PET) was performed on GBM-bearing mice longitudinally to quantify CD69 and its association with survival following immunotherapy. We show CD69 expression is upregulated upon T-cell activation and on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in response to immunotherapy. Similarly, scRNA-seq data demonstrated elevated CD69 on TILs from patients with ICI-treated recurrent GBM as compared with TILs from control cohorts. CD69 immuno-PET studies showed a significantly higher tracer uptake in the tumors of ICI-treated mice compared with controls. Importantly, we observed a positive correlation between survival and CD69 immuno-PET signals in immunotherapy-treated animals and established a trajectory of T-cell activation by virtue of CD69-immuno-PET measurements. Our study supports the potential use of CD69 immuno-PET as an immunotherapy response assessment imaging tool for patients with GBM. Significance Immunotherapy may hold promise for the treatment of some patients with GBM. There is a need to assess therapy responsiveness to allow the continuation of effective treatment in responders and to avoid ineffective treatment with potential adverse effects in the nonresponders. We demonstrate that noninvasive PET/CT imaging of CD69 may allow early detection of immunotherapy responsiveness in patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Nisnboym
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Neurology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Sarah R. Vincze
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Zujian Xiong
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Chaim T. Sneiderman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rebecca A. Raphael
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Cancer Biology Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ambika P. Jaswal
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - ReidAnn E. Sever
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathryn E. Day
- In Vivo Imaging Facility, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph D. LaToche
- In Vivo Imaging Facility, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lesley M. Foley
- In Vivo Imaging Facility, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hanieh Karimi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - T. Kevin Hitchens
- In Vivo Imaging Facility, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sameer Agnihotri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Baoli Hu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dhivyaa Rajasundaram
- Division of Health Informatics, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Deborah T. Blumenthal
- Neuro-oncology Division, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Thomas M. Pearce
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shikhar Uttam
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Cancer Biology Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jessie R. Nedrow
- In Vivo Imaging Facility, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ashok Panigrahy
- Department of Radiology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ian F. Pollack
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Frank S. Lieberman
- Neuro-oncology Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jan Drappatz
- Neuro-oncology Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Itay Raphael
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wilson B. Edwards
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Gary Kohanbash
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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9
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The pro-tumorigenic responses in metastatic niches: an immunological perspective. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF SPANISH ONCOLOGY SOCIETIES AND OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE OF MEXICO 2023; 25:333-344. [PMID: 36136272 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02950-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of mortality related to cancer. In the course of metastasis, cancer cells detach from the primary tumor, enter the circulation, extravasate at secondary sites, and colonize there. All of these steps are rate limiting and decrease the efficiency of metastasis. Prior to their arrival, tumor cells can modify the secondary sites. These favorable microenvironments increase the probability of successful dissemination and are referred to as pre-metastatic niches. Cancer cells use different mechanisms to induce and maintain these niches, among which immune cells play prominent roles. The immune system, including innate and adaptive, enhances recruitment, extravasation, and colonization of tumor cells at distant sites. In addition to immune cells, stromal cells can also contribute to forming pre-metastatic niches. This review summarizes the pro-metastatic responses conducted by immune cells and the assistance of stromal cells and endothelial cells in the induction of pre-metastatic niches.
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10
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Improving NK cell function in multiple myeloma with NKTR-255, a novel polymer-conjugated human IL-15. Blood Adv 2023; 7:9-19. [PMID: 35882498 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by an immunosuppressive microenvironment that enables tumor development. One of the mechanisms of immune evasion used by MM cells is the inhibition of natural killer (NK) cell effector functions; thus, the restoration of NK cell antitumor activity represents a key goal to increase tumor cell recognition, avoid tumor escape and potentially enhancing the effect of other drugs. In this study, we evaluated the ability of the investigational medicine NKTR-255, an IL-15 receptor agonist, to engage the IL-15 pathway and stimulate NK cells against MM cells. We observed that incubation with NKTR-255 was able to tilt the balance toward an activated phenotype in NK cells isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with MM, with increased expression of activating receptors on the surface of treated NK cells. This resulted in an enhanced degranulation, cytokine release, and anti-tumor cytotoxicity when the NK cells were exposed to both MM cell lines and primary MM cells. We further evaluated the in vivo effect of NKTR-255 in fully humanized immunocompetent mice subcutaneously engrafted with H929 MM cells. Compared with placebo, weekly injection of the mice with NKTR-255 increased the number of circulating NK cells in peripheral blood and delayed tumor growth. Finally, we observed that combination of NKTR-255 with the anti-CD38 antibody, daratumumab, was effective against MM cells in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our data suggest a significant impact of NKTR-255 in inducing NK cell function against MM cells with important translational implications.
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11
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Alhajjat AM, Redden CR, Langereis M, Papastefan ST, Ito JA, Ott KC, Turner LE, Kang HK, Shaaban AF. CD4 and IL-2 mediated NK cell responses after COVID-19 infection and mRNA vaccination in adults. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152304. [PMID: 36508885 PMCID: PMC9683520 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A detailed understanding of protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 is incredibly important in fighting the pandemic. Central to protective immunity is the ability of the immune system to recall previous exposures. Although antibody and T cell immunity have gained considerable attention, the contribution of the NK cell compartment to immune recall and protection from SARS-CoV-2 has not been explored. In this study, we investigate the NK cell responses to stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 in previously exposed and non-exposed individuals. We show that NK cells demonstrate an enhanced CD4+ T cell dependent response when re-exposed to SARS-CoV-2 antigen. The enhanced response is dependent on T cells and correlates with the number of SARS-CoV-2 specific CD4 T cells. We find that IL-2 is a critical mediator of NK cell function. These findings suggest that NK cells contribute to the protective responses against SARS-CoV-2 through a cooperation with antigen-specific CD4 T cells and have significant implications on our understanding of protective immunity in SARS-CoV-2.
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12
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Hagelstein I, Engel M, Hinterleitner C, Manz T, Märklin M, Jung G, Salih HR, Zekri L. B7-H3-targeting Fc-optimized antibody for induction of NK cell reactivity against sarcoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1002898. [PMID: 36275693 PMCID: PMC9585277 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1002898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells largely contribute to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), a central factor for success of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) treatment of cancer. The B7 family member B7-H3 (CD276) recently receives intense interest as a novel promising target antigen for immunotherapy. B7-H3 is highly expressed in many tumor entities, whereas expression on healthy tissues is rather limited. We here studied expression of B7-H3 in sarcoma, and found substantial levels to be expressed in various bone and soft-tissue sarcoma subtypes. To date, only few immunotherapeutic options for treatment of sarcomas that are limited to a minority of patients are available. We here used a B7-H3 mAb to generate chimeric mAbs containing either a wildtype Fc-part (8H8_WT) or a variant Fc part with amino-acid substitutions (S239D/I332E) to increase affinity for CD16 expressing NK cells (8H8_SDIE). In comparative studies we found that 8H8_SDIE triggers profound NK cell functions such as activation, degranulation, secretion of IFNγ and release of NK effector molecules, resulting in potent lysis of different sarcoma cells and primary sarcoma cells derived from patients. Our findings emphasize the potential of 8H8_SDIE as novel compound for treatment of sarcomas, particularly since B7-H3 is expressed in bone and soft-tissue sarcoma independent of their subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Hagelstein
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Monika Engel
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department for Immunology and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Clemens Hinterleitner
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Timo Manz
- Department for Immunology and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Melanie Märklin
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Gundram Jung
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department for Immunology and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Helmut R. Salih
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Latifa Zekri
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department for Immunology and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
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13
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Tian Y, Hao Y, Dong M, Li S, Wang D, Jiang F, Wang Q, Hao X, Yang Y, Chen N, Zhu J, Guo J, Wu J, Shang S, Zhou J. Development of a Monoclonal Antibody to Pig CD69 Reveals Early Activation of T Cells in Pig after PRRSV and ASFV Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061343. [PMID: 35746813 PMCID: PMC9231377 DOI: 10.3390/v14061343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The CD69 molecule, as an early activation marker of lymphocytes, is often used to assess the activation of cellular immunity. However, for pigs, an anti-pig CD69 antibody is not yet available for this purpose after infection or vaccination. In this study, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against pig CD69 was produced by peptide immunization and hybridoma technique. One mAb (5F12) showed good reactivity with pig CD69 that was expressed in transfected-HEK-293T cells and on mitogen-activated porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by indirect immunofluorescence assay and flow cytometry. This mAb did not cross-react with activated lymphocytes from mouse, bovine, and chicken. Epitope mapping showed that the epitope recognized by this mAb was located at amino acid residues 147–161 of pig CD69. By conjugating with fluorochrome, this mAb was used to detect the early activation of lymphocytes in PRRSV- and ASFV-infected pigs by flow cytometry. The results showed that PRRSV infection induced the dominant activation of CD4 T cells in mediastinal lymph nodes and CD8 T cells in the spleen at 14 days post-infection, in terms of CD69 expression. In an experiment on ASFV infection, we found that ASFV infection resulted in the early activation of NK cells, B cells, and distinct T cell subsets with variable magnitude in PBMCs, spleen, and submandibular lymph nodes. Our study revealed an early event of lymphocyte and T cell activation after PRRSV and ASFV infections and provides an important immunological tool for the in-depth analysis of cellular immune response in pigs after infection or vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Tian
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.T.); (M.D.); (S.L.); (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (N.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yuxin Hao
- The Biosafety High-Level Laboratory Management Office, China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing 102609, China; (Y.H.); (D.W.); (F.J.); (Q.W.)
| | - Maoli Dong
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.T.); (M.D.); (S.L.); (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (N.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Shuai Li
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.T.); (M.D.); (S.L.); (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (N.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Dongyue Wang
- The Biosafety High-Level Laboratory Management Office, China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing 102609, China; (Y.H.); (D.W.); (F.J.); (Q.W.)
| | - Fei Jiang
- The Biosafety High-Level Laboratory Management Office, China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing 102609, China; (Y.H.); (D.W.); (F.J.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qingqing Wang
- The Biosafety High-Level Laboratory Management Office, China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing 102609, China; (Y.H.); (D.W.); (F.J.); (Q.W.)
| | - Xiaoli Hao
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.T.); (M.D.); (S.L.); (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (N.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yi Yang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.T.); (M.D.); (S.L.); (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (N.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Nanhua Chen
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.T.); (M.D.); (S.L.); (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (N.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jianzhong Zhu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.T.); (M.D.); (S.L.); (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (N.C.); (J.Z.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Junqing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450008, China;
| | - Jiajun Wu
- The Biosafety High-Level Laboratory Management Office, China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing 102609, China; (Y.H.); (D.W.); (F.J.); (Q.W.)
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Shaobin Shang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.T.); (M.D.); (S.L.); (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (N.C.); (J.Z.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- International Corporation Laboratory of Agriculture and Agricultural Products Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Jiyong Zhou
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
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14
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Takano T, Morikawa M, Adachi Y, Kabasawa K, Sax N, Moriyama S, Sun L, Isogawa M, Nishiyama A, Onodera T, Terahara K, Tonouchi K, Nishimura M, Tomii K, Yamashita K, Matsumura T, Shinkai M, Takahashi Y. Distinct immune cell dynamics correlate with the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100631. [PMID: 35545084 PMCID: PMC9023335 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Two doses of Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine elicit robust severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-neutralizing antibodies with frequent adverse events. Here, by applying a high-dimensional immune profiling on 92 vaccinees, we identify six vaccine-induced immune dynamics that correlate with the amounts of neutralizing antibodies, the severity of adverse events, or both. The early dynamics of natural killer (NK)/monocyte subsets (CD16+ NK cells, CD56high NK cells, and non-classical monocytes), dendritic cell (DC) subsets (DC3s and CD11c- Axl+ Siglec-6+ [AS]-DCs), and NKT-like cells are revealed as the distinct cell correlates for neutralizing-antibody titers, severity of adverse events, and both, respectively. The cell correlates for neutralizing antibodies or adverse events are consistently associated with elevation of interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-inducible chemokines, but the chemokine receptors CCR2 and CXCR3 are expressed in distinct manners between the two correlates: vaccine-induced expression on the neutralizing-antibody correlate and constitutive expression on the adverse-event correlate. The finding may guide vaccine strategies that balance immunogenicity and reactogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Takano
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | | | - Yu Adachi
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | | | - Nicolas Sax
- KOTAI Biotechnologies, Inc., Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Saya Moriyama
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Lin Sun
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Masanori Isogawa
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Ayae Nishiyama
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Taishi Onodera
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Terahara
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tonouchi
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | | | - Kentaro Tomii
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center (AIRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo 135-0064, Japan; AIST-Tokyo Tech Real World Big-Data Computation Open Innovation Laboratory (RWBC-OIL), Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | | | - Takayuki Matsumura
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
| | | | - Yoshimasa Takahashi
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
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15
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[Comparison of the characteristics of NK cells after two different methods of expansion and observation of the clinical efficacy in patients who relapsed post allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2022; 43:400-407. [PMID: 35680598 PMCID: PMC9250962 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the differences in the biological effects of different expansion systems on natural killer (NK) cells, as well as the safety and preliminary clinical efficacy in the treatment of patients with recurrence after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) . Methods: Peripheral blood cells from healthy donors were stimulated with either CD3 combined with CD52 or K562 feeder cells loaded with IL-21/4-1BB to induce NK cell expansion. Changes in the NK cell phenotype, cytokine secretion, and cytotoxicity before and after expansion were detected. We also evaluated the safety and clinical efficacy of two different expansion strategies for patients received NK infusion. Results: Compared with the CD3/CD52 monoclonal antibody amplification system, the feeder cell expansion group had a higher purity of NK cells and higher expression ratios of NK cell surface activation receptors such as DNAM-1 and NKp30, while inhibitory receptor CTLA-4 expression was low and NKG2D/CD25/CD69/ Trail/PD-1/TIM-3/TIGIT had no statistically significant differences between the groups. Further functional results showed that the expression level of KI67 in NK cells after expansion in the two groups increased significantly, especially in the feeder cell expansion group. Simultaneously, the perforin and granzyme B levels of NK cells in the feeder cell expansion group were significantly higher than in the CD3/CD52 expansion group. A retrospective analysis of eight patients who received monoclonal antibody-expanded NK cell reinfusion and nine patients with trophoblast cell-expanded NK cell reinfusion was done. The disease characteristics of the two groups were comparable, NK cell reinfusion was safe, and there were no obvious adverse reactions. Clinical prognostic results showed that in the CD3/CD52 monoclonal antibody amplification group, the MRD conversion rate was 50% (2/4) , and the feeder cell expansion group was 50% (3/6) . After 5 years of follow-up from allo-HSCT, three patients in the monoclonal antibody expansion group had long-term survival without leukemia, and the remaining five patients had died; two patients died in the feeder cell expansion group, and the other six patients had long-term survival. Six cases had GVHD before NK cell reinfusion, and GVHD did not aggravate or even relieved after NK cell reinfusion. Conclusions: Preliminary results show that the biological characteristics of NK cells with diverse expansion strategies are significantly different, which may affect the clinical prognosis of patients with recurrence or persistent minimal residual disease after HSCT. The two groups of patients treated with NK cells from different expansion strategies had no obvious adverse reactions after NK cell infusion, but efficacy still needs to be further confirmed.
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16
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Abbasi B, Shamsasenjan K, Ahmadi M, Beheshti SA, Saleh M. Mesenchymal stem cells and natural killer cells interaction mechanisms and potential clinical applications. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:97. [PMID: 35255980 PMCID: PMC8900412 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02777-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer cells (NK cells) are innate immune cells that are activated to fight tumor cells and virus-infected cells. NK cells also play an important role in the graft versus leukemia response. However, they can over-develop inflammatory reactions by secreting inflammatory cytokines and increasing Th1 differentiation, eventually leading to tissue damage. Today, researchers have attributed some autoimmune diseases and GVHD to NK cells. On the other hand, it has been shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can modulate the activity of NK cells, while some researchers have shown that NK cells can cause MSCs to lysis. Therefore, we considered it is necessary to investigate the effect of these two cells and their signaling pathway in contact with each other, also their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batol Abbasi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Karim Shamsasenjan
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Majid Ahmadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Ameneh Beheshti
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahshid Saleh
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Rubio-Azpeitia E, Pérez-Corral AM, Dorado-Herrero N, Monsalvo S, Pérez-Balsera G, Fernández-Santos ME, Kwon M, Oarbeascoa G, Bastos-Oreiro M, Falero C, Pascual Izquierdo C, Muñoz-Martínez C, Pérez-Martínez A, Diez-Martin JL, Anguita J. Clinical grade production of IL-15 stimulated NK cells for early infusion in adult AML patients undergoing haploidentical stem cell transplantation with post-transplant cyclophosphamide. Transfusion 2022; 62:374-385. [PMID: 35023148 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is the treatment of choice for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Unmanipulated haploidentical transplantation (Haplo-HSCT) is commonly used for those AML patients who need a timely transplant and do not have a suitable matched donor, but relapse rates are still high, and improvements are needed. Adoptive immunotherapy using natural killer cells (NK cells) could be a promising tool to improved Haplo-HSCT but, to date, no optimal infusion and manufacturing protocols have been developed. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS In this study, we describe a quick and reproducible protocol for clinical-grade production of haploidentical donor NK cells using double immunomagnetic depletion and enrichment protocol and overnight IL-15 stimulation. RESULTS Thus, we have obtained 8 viable and functional NK cell products that have been safely infused to five AML patients undergoing unmanipulated Haplo-HSCT. DISCUSSION Our results demonstrate the safety and feasibility of manufactured NK IL15 cells obtained from an adult allogeneic donor in the setting of haploidentical transplantation for AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Rubio-Azpeitia
- Hematology department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Maria Pérez-Corral
- Hematology department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nieves Dorado-Herrero
- Hematology department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Monsalvo
- Hematology department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Pérez-Balsera
- Hematology department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Eugenia Fernández-Santos
- Hematology department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,ATMPs Production Unit-GMP Facility, IISGM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mi Kwon
- Hematology department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gillen Oarbeascoa
- Hematology department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariana Bastos-Oreiro
- Hematology department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Falero
- Hematology department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Pascual Izquierdo
- Hematology department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Muñoz-Martínez
- Hematology department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Pérez-Martínez
- Paediatric Haemato-Oncology Department, La Paz University Hospital, La Paz Health Research Institute (idiPaz), Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Diez-Martin
- Hematology department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Anguita
- Hematology department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Bosch NC, Martin LM, Voskens CJ, Berking C, Seliger B, Schuler G, Schaft N, Dörrie J. A Chimeric IL-15/IL-15Rα Molecule Expressed on NFκB-Activated Dendritic Cells Supports Their Capability to Activate Natural Killer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910227. [PMID: 34638566 PMCID: PMC8508776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, members of the innate immune system, play an important role in the rejection of HLA class I negative tumor cells. Hence, a therapeutic vaccine, which can activate NK cells in addition to cells of the adaptive immune system might induce a more comprehensive cellular response, which could lead to increased tumor elimination. Dendritic cells (DCs) are capable of activating and expanding NK cells, especially when the NFκB pathway is activated in the DCs thereby leading to the secretion of the cytokine IL-12. Another prominent NK cell activator is IL-15, which can be bound by the IL-15 receptor alpha-chain (IL-15Rα) to be transpresented to the NK cells. However, monocyte-derived DCs do neither secrete IL-15, nor express the IL-15Rα. Hence, we designed a chimeric protein consisting of IL-15 and the IL-15Rα. Upon mRNA electroporation, the fusion protein was detectable on the surface of the DCs, and increased the potential of NFκB-activated, IL-12-producing DC to activate NK cells in an autologous cell culture system with ex vivo-generated cells from healthy donors. These data show that a chimeric IL-15/IL-15Rα molecule can be expressed by monocyte-derived DCs, is trafficked to the cell surface, and is functional regarding the activation of NK cells. These data represent an initial proof-of-concept for an additional possibility of further improving cellular DC-based immunotherapies of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi C. Bosch
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (N.C.B.); (B.S.)
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.-M.M.); (C.J.V.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (N.S.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen–EMN, NCT WERA, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lena-Marie Martin
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.-M.M.); (C.J.V.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Caroline J. Voskens
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.-M.M.); (C.J.V.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (N.S.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen–EMN, NCT WERA, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carola Berking
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.-M.M.); (C.J.V.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (N.S.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen–EMN, NCT WERA, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (N.C.B.); (B.S.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerold Schuler
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.-M.M.); (C.J.V.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Niels Schaft
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.-M.M.); (C.J.V.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Jan Dörrie
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.-M.M.); (C.J.V.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (N.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-8531127
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19
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Choi H, Lee Y, Hur G, Lee SE, Cho HI, Sohn HJ, Cho BS, Kim HJ, Kim TG. γδ T cells cultured with artificial antigen-presenting cells and IL-2 show long-term proliferation and enhanced effector functions compared with γδ T cells cultured with only IL-2 after stimulation with zoledronic acid. Cytotherapy 2021; 23:908-917. [PMID: 34312069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Immunotherapeutic approaches using γδ T cells have emerged as the function of γδ T cells in tumor surveillance and clearance has been discovered. In vitro expansion methods of γ9δ2 T cells have been based on phosphoantigens and cytokines, but expansion methods using feeder cells to generate larger numbers of γδ T cells have also been studied recently. However, there are no studies that directly compare γδ T cells cultured with phosphoantigens with those cultured with feeder cells. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the expansion, characteristics and effector functions of γδ T cells stimulated with K562-based artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) (aAPC-γδ T cells) and γδ T cells stimulated with only zoledronic acid (ZA) (ZA-γδ T cells). METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with ZA for 7 days, and aAPC-γδ T cells were stimulated weekly with K562-based aAPCs expressing CD32, CD80, CD83, 4-1BBL, CD40L and CD70, whereas ZA-γδ T cells were stimulated with only IL-2. Cultured γδ T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry for the expression of co-stimulatory molecules, activating receptors and checkpoint inhibitors. Differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis was also performed to determine the difference in gene expression between aAPC-γδ T cells and ZA-γδ T cells. In vitro cytotoxicity assay was performed with calcein AM release assay, and in vivo anti-tumor effect was compared using a U937 xenograft model. RESULTS Fold expansion on day 21 was 690.7 ± 413.1 for ZA-γδ T cells and 1415.2 ± 1016.8 for aAPC- γδ T cells. Moreover, aAPC-γδ T cells showed continuous growth, whereas ZA-γδ T cells showed a decline in growth after day 21. The T-cell receptor Vγ9+δ2+ percentages (mean ± standard deviation) on day 21 were 90.0 ± 2.7% and 87.0 ± 4.5% for ZA-γδ T cells and aAPC-γδ T cells, respectively. CD25 and CD86 expression was significantly higher in aAPC-γδ T cells. In DEG analysis, aAPC-γδ T cells and ZA-γδ T cells formed distinct clusters, and aAPC-γδ T cells showed upregulation of genes associated with metabolism and cytokine pathways. In vitro cytotoxicity revealed superior anti-tumor effects of aAPC-γδ T cells compared with ZA-γδ T cells on Daudi, Raji and U937 cell lines. In addition, in the U937 xenograft model, aAPC-γδ T-cell treatment increased survival, and a higher frequency of aAPC-γδ T cells was shown in bone marrow compared with ZA-γδ T cells. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study demonstrates that aAPC-γδ T cells show long-term proliferation, enhanced activation and anti-tumor effects compared with ZA-γδ T cells and provides a basis for using aAPC-γδ T cells in further studies, including clinical applications and genetic engineering of γδ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeyoun Choi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunkyung Lee
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gaeun Hur
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- R&D Division, ViGenCell Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Il Cho
- R&D Division, ViGenCell Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Sohn
- Translational and Clinical Division, ViGenCell Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Sik Cho
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Hematology Hospital, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Je Kim
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Hematology Hospital, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tai-Gyu Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Ye W, Zhang W, Wu S, Zhu M, Xu Z. Study of surface activation markers on CD3 - CD16 + NK cells and their correlation with clinical manifestations in children with infectious mononucleosis. Microbiol Immunol 2021; 65:400-404. [PMID: 34101867 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the proportion of surface activation markers on natural killer (NK) cells in children with infectious mononucleosis (IM) and to explore its clinical relevance. A total of 17 children hospitalized with IM were included in this study as the experimental group. Meanwhile, healthy children matched for age and gender served as controls. First, we isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from children with IM and healthy children. Then, NK cell surface markers were stained with monoclonal antibodies and analyzed by flow cytometry. The results showed that the percentage of CD3- CD16+ NK cells was higher in peripheral blood lymphocytes from children with IM than that from healthy children (t = -4.52, P < 0.05). And the expression of the surface activation markers CD69 and CD25 on CD3- CD16+ NK cells was also higher in children with IM (t = -7.729, P < 0.05; t = -5.068, P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the percentage of CD3- CD16+ NK cells in peripheral blood and the duration of fever in children with IM (r = 0.530, P < 0.05). Therefore, the proportion of NK cell subsets in children's peripheral blood changes in the acute phase of IM, suggesting that NK cells enhance their cytotoxicity and play a role in the control of infection in children with IM. Higher levels of CD3- CD16+ NK cells and the association with disease progression suggest that these cells might be a useful index to help evaluate the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanding Ye
- Wenzhou Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wan Zhang
- Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shixiong Wu
- Wenzhou Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengquan Zhu
- Wenzhou Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- Wenzhou Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou, China
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21
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Phase I Trial of Prophylactic Donor-Derived IL-2-Activated NK Cell Infusion after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation from a Matched Sibling Donor. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112673. [PMID: 34071607 PMCID: PMC8198961 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a curative option for high-risk hematologic malignancies. However, disease recurrence after allo-HSCT remains a critical issue, underlining the need to develop maintenance therapy. In this context, NK cell-based immunotherapies could enhance graft-versus-tumor effect without triggering graft-versus-host disease. In this prospective phase I clinical trial, we demonstrated the safety of donor-derived NK cell infusion as a prophylactic treatment after allo-HSCT for patients with hematological malignancies. This opens perspectives for future developments of NK cell based therapeutic strategies after allo-HSCT with low incidence of GVHD, representing an advantage over post-transplant T cell modulations that are commonly used in clinical routine. Abstract Background: NK cell-based immunotherapy to prevent relapse after allogeneic transplantation is an appealing strategy because NK cells can provide strong antitumor effect without inducing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Thus, we designed a phase-I clinical trial evaluating the safety of a prophylactic donor-derived ex vivo IL-2 activated NK cell (IL-2 NK) infusion after allo-HSCT for patients with hematologic malignancies. Methods: Donor NK cells were purified and cultured ex vivo with IL-2 before infusion, at three dose levels. To identify the maximum tolerated dose was the main objective. In addition, we performed phenotypical and functional characterization of the NK cell therapy product, and longitudinal immune monitoring of NK cell phenotype in patients. Results: Compared to unstimulated NK cells, IL-2 NK cells expressed higher levels of activating receptors and exhibited increased degranulation and cytokine production in vitro. We treated 16 patients without observing any dose-limiting toxicity. At the last follow up, 11 out of 16 treated patients were alive in complete remission of hematologic malignancies without GVHD features and immunosuppressive treatment. Conclusions: Prophylactic donor-derived IL-2 NK cells after allo-HSCT is safe with low incidence of GVHD. Promising survivals and IL-2 NK cell activated phenotype may support a potential clinical efficacy of this strategy.
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22
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Raiter A, Zlotnik O, Lipovetsky J, Mugami S, Dar S, Lubin I, Sharon E, Cohen CJ, Yerushalmi R. A novel role for an old target: CD45 for breast cancer immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1929725. [PMID: 34104545 PMCID: PMC8158046 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1929725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer subtypes have not shown significant response to current immunomodulatory therapies. Although most subtypes are treatable, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive highly metastatic cancer, comprising 10-20% of breast cancers, remains an unmet medical need. New strategies are needed in order to overcome flaws in the responsiveness to current TNBC therapies. Our aims were: first, to determine the efficacy of a novel immunomodulatory peptide, C24D, on TNBC and second, to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which C24D induces immune-modulating tumor killing. Using mass spectrometry analysis, we identified CD45 as the C24D binding receptor. In vitro and in vivo TNBC models were used to assess the efficacy of C24D in reversing TNBC-induced immunosuppression and in triggering immune-modulated tumor cell killing. The CD45 signal transduction pathway was evaluated by western blot and FACS analyses. We revealed that addition of PBMCs from healthy female donors to TNBC cells results in a cascade of suppressive CD45 intracellular signals. On binding to CD45's extra-cellular domain on TNBC-suppressed leukocytes, the C24D peptide re-activates the Src family of tyrosine kinases, resulting in specific tumor immune response. In vitro, immune reactivation by C24D results in an increase of CD69+ T and CD69+ NK cells, triggering specific killing of TNBC cells. In vivo, C24D induced CD8+ and activated CD56+ tumor infiltrated cells, resulting in tumor apoptosis. Our results should renew interest in molecules targeting CD45, such as the C24D peptide, as a novel strategy for TNBC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annat Raiter
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
- CONTACT Annat Raiter Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva49100, Israel
| | - Oran Zlotnik
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Surgery Department, Breast Cancer Unit, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Julia Lipovetsky
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Shany Mugami
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Shira Dar
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Ido Lubin
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Eran Sharon
- Surgery Department, Breast Cancer Unit, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Cyrille J. Cohen
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy, the Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Rinat Yerushalmi
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Breast Cancer Unit, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
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23
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Lee H, Da Silva IP, Palendira U, Scolyer RA, Long GV, Wilmott JS. Targeting NK Cells to Enhance Melanoma Response to Immunotherapies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061363. [PMID: 33802954 PMCID: PMC8002669 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a key component of an innate immune system. They are important not only in initiating, but also in augmenting adaptive immune responses. NK cell activation is mediated by a carefully orchestrated balance between the signals from inhibitory and activating NK cell receptors. NK cells are potent producers of proinflammatory cytokines and are also able to elicit strong antitumor responses through secretion of perforin and granzyme B. Tumors can develop many mechanisms to evade NK cell antitumor responses, such as upregulating ligands for inhibitory receptors, secreting anti-inflammatory cytokines and recruiting immunosuppressive cells. Enhancing NK cell responses will likely augment the effectiveness of immunotherapies, and strategies to accomplish this are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. A comprehensive understanding of NK cell biology will likely provide additional opportunities to further leverage the antitumor effects of NK cells. In this review, we therefore sought to highlight NK cell biology, tumor evasion of NK cells and clinical trials that target NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansol Lee
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (H.L.); (I.P.D.S.); (U.P.); (R.A.S.); (J.S.W.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Inês Pires Da Silva
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (H.L.); (I.P.D.S.); (U.P.); (R.A.S.); (J.S.W.)
| | - Umaimainthan Palendira
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (H.L.); (I.P.D.S.); (U.P.); (R.A.S.); (J.S.W.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, The Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Richard A. Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (H.L.); (I.P.D.S.); (U.P.); (R.A.S.); (J.S.W.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Georgina V. Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (H.L.); (I.P.D.S.); (U.P.); (R.A.S.); (J.S.W.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital and Mater Hospital, Sydney 2065, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-9911-7336
| | - James S. Wilmott
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (H.L.); (I.P.D.S.); (U.P.); (R.A.S.); (J.S.W.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
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24
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Cheng ZF, Li HK, Yang HP, Lee CY, Tang SW, Lin YL, Hsiao SC. A novel endogenous CD16-Expressing Natural Killer Cell for cancer immunotherapy. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 26:100935. [PMID: 33644421 PMCID: PMC7889824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.100935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, as a potential source for off-the-shelf cell therapy, attack tumor cells with low risk of severe cytokine release syndrome (CRS) or graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Fcγ receptor IIIA, also known as CD16, further confers NK cells with antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), one mechanism of action of antibody-based immunotherapy. Here, we establish a novel human NK cell line, oNK-1, endogenously expressing CD16 along with high levels of NK activation markers and low levels of NK inhibitory markers. The long-term expansion and CD16 expression of oNK-1 cells were demonstrated. Furthermore, oNK-1 cells elicit superior cytotoxicity against cancer cells than primary NK cells. In conclusion, this study suggests that endogenous CD16-expressing oNK-1 has the potential to develop an effective NK-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hao-Kang Li
- Acepodia Biotech Inc. San Mateo, California, USA
| | | | - Chia-Yun Lee
- Acepodia Biotech Inc. San Mateo, California, USA
| | - Sai-Wen Tang
- Acepodia Biotech Inc. San Mateo, California, USA
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Du SH, Xiang YJ, Liu L, Nie M, Hou Y, Wang L, Li BB, Xu M, Teng QL, Peng J, Hou M, Shi Y. Co-Inhibition of the Immunoproteasome Subunits LMP2 and LMP7 Ameliorates Immune Thrombocytopenia. Front Immunol 2021; 11:603278. [PMID: 33552061 PMCID: PMC7855704 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.603278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunoproteasome, a special isoform of the 20S proteasome, is expressed when the cells receive an inflammatory signal. Immunoproteasome inhibition proved efficacy in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. However, the role of the immunoproteasome in the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) remains unknown. We found that the expression of the immunoproteasome catalytic subunit, large multifunctional protease 2 (LMP2), was significantly upregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of active ITP patients compared to those of healthy controls. No significant differences in LMP7 expression were observed between patients and controls. ML604440, an specific LMP2 inhibitor, had no significant impact on the platelet count of ITP mice, while ONX-0914 (an inhibitor of both LMP2 and LMP7) increased the number of platelets. In vitro assays revealed that ONX-0914 decreased the expression of FcγRI in ITP mice and decreased that of FcγRIII in ITP patients, inhibited the activation of CD4+ T cells, and affected the differentiation of Th1 cells in patients with ITP. These results suggest that the inhibition of immunoproteasome is a potential therapeutic approach for ITP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-hong Du
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Hematology, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Yu-jiao Xiang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mu Nie
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yu Hou
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Hematology, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Ban-ban Li
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Hematology, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qing-liang Teng
- Department of Hematology, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Hou
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center in Hematological Diseases, Jinan, China
- Leading Research Group of Scientific Innovation, Department of Science and Technology of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Brownlie D, Doughty-Shenton D, Yh Soong D, Nixon C, O Carragher N, M Carlin L, Kitamura T. Metastasis-associated macrophages constrain antitumor capability of natural killer cells in the metastatic site at least partially by membrane bound transforming growth factor β. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e001740. [PMID: 33472858 PMCID: PMC7818844 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. Infusion of natural killer (NK) cells is an emerging immunotherapy for such malignant tumors, although elimination of the immunosuppressive tumor environment is required to improve its efficacy. The effects of this "metastatic" tumor environment on NK cells, however, remain largely unknown. Previous studies, including our own, have demonstrated that metastasis-associated macrophages (MAMs) are one of the most abundant immune cell types in the metastatic tumor niche in mouse models of metastatic breast cancer. We thus investigated the effects of MAMs on antitumor functions of NK cells in the metastatic tumor microenvironment. METHODS MAMs were isolated from the tumor-bearing lung of C57BL/6 mice intravenously injected with E0771-LG mouse mammary tumor cells. The effects of MAMs on NK cell cytotoxicity towards E0771-LG cells were evaluated in vitro by real-time fluorescence microscopy. The effects of MAM depletion on NK cell activation, maturation, and accumulation in the metastatic lung were evaluated by flow cytometry (CD69, CD11b, CD27) and in situ hybridization (Ncr1) using colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) receptor conditional knockout (Csf1r-cKO) mice. Finally, metastatic tumor loads in the chest region of mice were determined by bioluminescence imaging in order to evaluate the effect of MAM depletion on therapeutic efficacy of endogenous and adoptively transferred NK cells in suppressing metastatic tumor growth. RESULTS MAMs isolated from the metastatic lung suppressed NK cell-induced tumor cell apoptosis in vitro via membrane-bound transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) dependent mechanisms. In the tumor-challenged mice, depletion of MAMs increased the percentage of activated (CD69+) and mature (CD11b+CD27-) NK cells and the number of Ncr1+ NK cells as well as NK cell-mediated tumor rejection in the metastatic site. Moreover, MAM depletion or TGF-β receptor antagonist treatment significantly enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of NK cell infusion in suppressing early metastatic tumor outgrowth. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that MAMs are a main negative regulator of NK cell function within the metastatic tumor niche, and MAM targeting is an attractive strategy to improve NK cell-based immunotherapy for metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demi Brownlie
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dahlia Doughty-Shenton
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniel Yh Soong
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Neil O Carragher
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Leo M Carlin
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Takanori Kitamura
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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27
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Menasche BL, Davis EM, Wang S, Ouyang Y, Li S, Yu H, Shen J. PBRM1 and the glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthetic pathway promote tumor killing mediated by MHC-unrestricted cytotoxic lymphocytes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabc3243. [PMID: 33246952 PMCID: PMC7695474 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc3243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-unrestricted cytotoxic lymphocytes (CLs) such as natural killer (NK) cells can detect and destroy tumor and virus-infected cells resistant to T cell-mediated killing. Here, we performed genome-wide genetic screens to identify tumor-intrinsic genes regulating killing by MHC-unrestricted CLs. A group of genes identified in our screens encode enzymes for the biosynthesis of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor, which is not involved in tumor response to T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Another gene identified in the screens was PBRM1, which encodes a subunit of the PBAF form of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex. PBRM1 mutations in tumor cells cause resistance to MHC-unrestricted killing, in contrast to their sensitizing effects on T cell-mediated killing. PBRM1 and the GPI biosynthetic pathway regulate the ligands of NK cell receptors in tumor cells and promote cytolytic granule secretion in CLs. The regulators identified in this work represent potential targets for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget L Menasche
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Eric M Davis
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Shifeng Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Chinese Medicine Information Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yan Ouyang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Suzhao Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Haijia Yu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingshi Shen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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28
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Yamaguchi T, Chang CJ, Karger A, Keller M, Pfaff F, Wangkahart E, Wang T, Secombes CJ, Kimoto A, Furihata M, Hashimoto K, Fischer U, Dijkstra JM. Ancient Cytokine Interleukin 15-Like (IL-15L) Induces a Type 2 Immune Response. Front Immunol 2020; 11:549319. [PMID: 33193315 PMCID: PMC7658486 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.549319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Related interleukin-2, -15, and -15-like (IL-2, -15, and -15L) are ancient cytokines, with all three genes surviving in extant fish and some mammals. The present study is the first to identify IL-15L functions, namely in rainbow trout. In isolated trout splenocytes, and in vivo, purified recombinant IL-15L+IL-15Rα molecules induced expression of IL-4 and IL-13 homologs, which are markers of type 2 immunity. In contrast, trout IL-15 stimulated type 1 immunity markers, thus IL-15 and IL-15L can have opposing functions. Trout IL-15L was more dependent on "in trans" presentation by the receptor chain IL-15Rα than IL-15, and stimulated CD4-CD8-(IgM-) lymphocytes from thymus and spleen. We propose an important role for IL-15L early in the type 2 immunity cytokine cascade. Trout IL-2 and IL-15 exhibited features reminiscent of their mechanistic and functional dichotomy observed in mammals; for example, IL-15 but not IL-2 required a receptor alpha chain (only IL-15Rα in the case of fish) for its stability, and only IL-15 was efficient in stimulating lymphocytes from mucosal tissues. Data suggest that IL-15L and IL-15 may be particularly effective in stimulating innate lymphocyte type 2 cells (ILC2) and natural killer (NK) cells, respectively, but further identification of the cell types is needed. An interesting finding different from in mammals was the efficient stimulation of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes by IL-2. In short, this study presents fundamental information on the evolution of the IL-2/15/15L cytokine family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yamaguchi
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Chia Jung Chang
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Axel Karger
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Markus Keller
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Florian Pfaff
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Eakapol Wangkahart
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Tiehui Wang
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Secombes
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Azusa Kimoto
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Furihata
- Nagano Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station, Nagano, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Hashimoto
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Uwe Fischer
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Johannes M Dijkstra
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
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29
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Wijaya RS, Read SA, Selvamani SP, Schibeci S, Azardaryany MK, Ong A, van der Poorten D, Lin R, Douglas MW, George J, Ahlenstiel G. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Eradication With Interferon-Free Direct-Acting Antiviral-Based Therapy Results in KLRG1+ HCV-Specific Memory Natural Killer Cells. J Infect Dis 2020; 223:1183-1195. [PMID: 32777077 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct acting antiviral therapies rapidly clear chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and restore natural killer (NK) cell function. We investigated NK-cell memory formation following HCV clearance by examining NK-cell phenotype and responses from control and chronic HCV patients before and after therapy following sustained virologic response at 12 weeks post therapy (SVR12). NK-cell phenotype at SVR12 differed significantly from paired pretreatment samples, with an increase in maturation markers CD16, CD57, and KLRG1. HCV patients possessed stronger cytotoxic responses against HCV-infected cells as compared to healthy controls; a response that further increased following SVR12. The antigen-specific response was mediated by KLRG1+ NK cells, as demonstrated by increased degranulation and proliferation in response to HCV antigen only. Our data suggest that KLRG1+ HCV-specific memory NK cells develop following viral infection, providing insight into their role in HCV clearance and relevance with regard to vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratna S Wijaya
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Scott A Read
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Blacktown Medical School, Western Sydney University, Blacktown, New South Wales, Australia.,Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sakthi P Selvamani
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen Schibeci
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mahmoud K Azardaryany
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adrian Ong
- Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Rita Lin
- Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark W Douglas
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Golo Ahlenstiel
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Blacktown Medical School, Western Sydney University, Blacktown, New South Wales, Australia.,Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, New South Wales, Australia
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30
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UV Light-inactivated HSV-1 Stimulates Natural Killer Cell-induced Killing of Prostate Cancer Cells. J Immunother 2020; 42:162-174. [PMID: 30933043 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Herein we demonstrate that ultraviolet light-inactivated Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (UV-HSV-1) stimulates peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to lyse both androgen-sensitive and androgen-independent prostate cancer (PrCA) cell lines, but not the benign prostatic hyperplastic epithelial cell line, BPH-1, and is 1000-10,000-fold more potent at stimulating this killing than ultraviolet light-inactivated Vesicular Stomatitis Virus, adenovirus, reovirus or cytomegalovirus. Among PBMCs, natural killer (NK) cells appear to be a major cell type involved in this killing and UV-HSV-1 appears to directly and potently stimulate NK cell expression of CD69, degranulation, cytokine production, and migration to IL-8 in PC3 conditioned medium. We also found that UV-HSV-1 stimulates glycolysis in PBMCs and NK cells, and that 2-deoxyglucose and the protein kinase C inhibitor, Go6976, and the NFκB inhibitor, Bay 11-7082, all abrogate UV-HSV-1 activated killing of PC3 cells by PBMCs and NK cells. Using neutralizing anti-Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) we found that UV-HSV-1, like HSV-1, activates NK cells via TLR2. Taken together, these results are consistent with Toll-like receptor 2 ligands on UV-HSV-1 stimulating TLR2 on NK cells to activate protein kinase C, leading to enhanced glycolysis and NFκB activation, both of which play a critical role in this anti-PrCA innate immune response. Importantly, UV-HSV-1 synergizes with IL-15 to increase the cytolytic activity of PBMCs against PC3 cells and there was considerable donor-to-donor variation in killing ability. These results support the preclinical development of UV-HSV-1 as an adjuvant, in combination with IL-15, for cell infusions of healthy, preselected NK cells to treat PrCA.
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31
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Basher F, Dhar P, Wang X, Wainwright DA, Zhang B, Sosman J, Ji Z, Wu JD. Antibody targeting tumor-derived soluble NKG2D ligand sMIC reprograms NK cell homeostatic survival and function and enhances melanoma response to PDL1 blockade therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:74. [PMID: 32517713 PMCID: PMC7285527 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00896-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma patients who have detectable serum soluble NKG2D ligands either at the baseline or post-treatment of PD1/PDL1 blockade exhibit poor overall survival. Among families of soluble human NKG2D ligands, the soluble human MHC I chain-related molecule (sMIC) was found to be elevated in melanoma patients and mostly associated with poor response to PD1/PDL1 blockade therapy. METHODS In this study, we aim to investigate whether co-targeting tumor-released sMIC enhances the therapeutic outcome of PD1/PDL1 blockade therapy for melanoma. We implanted sMIC-expressing B16F10 melanoma tumors into syngeneic host and evaluated therapeutic efficacy of anti-sMIC antibody and anti-PDL1 antibody combination therapy in comparison with monotherapy. We analyzed associated effector mechanism. We also assessed sMIC/MIC prevalence in metastatic human melanoma tumors. RESULTS We found that the combination therapy of the anti-PDL1 antibody with an antibody targeting sMIC significantly improved animal survival as compared to monotherapies and that the effect of combination therapy depends significantly on NK cells. We show that combination therapy significantly increased IL-2Rα (CD25) on NK cells which sensitizes NK cells to low dose IL-2 for survival. We demonstrate that sMIC negatively reprograms gene expression related to NK cell homeostatic survival and proliferation and that antibody clearing sMIC reverses the effect of sMIC and reprograms NK cell for survival. We further show that sMIC/MIC is abundantly present in metastatic human melanoma tumors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide a pre-clinical proof-of-concept and a new mechanistic understanding to underscore the significance of antibody targeting sMIC to improve therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD1/PDL1 antibody for MIC/sMIC+ metastatic melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahmin Basher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.,Current address: Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Payal Dhar
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Driskill Graduate Program in Life Science, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Derek A Wainwright
- Driskill Graduate Program in Life Science, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jeffrey Sosman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Zhe Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60628, USA
| | - Jennifer D Wu
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. .,Driskill Graduate Program in Life Science, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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32
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Kim H, Khanna V, Kucaba TA, Zhang W, Sehgal D, Ferguson DM, Griffith TS, Panyam J. TLR7/8 Agonist-Loaded Nanoparticles Augment NK Cell-Mediated Antibody-Based Cancer Immunotherapy. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:2109-2124. [PMID: 32383885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Activated natural killer (NK) cells can kill malignant tumor cells via granule exocytosis and secretion of IFN-γ, a key regulator of the TH1 response. Thus, mobilization of NK cells can augment cancer immunotherapy, particularly when mediated through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Stimulation of toll-like receptor (TLR)7/8 activity in dendritic cells promotes pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and costimulatory molecule upregulation, both of which can potentiate NK cell activation. However, currently available TLR7/8 agonists exhibit unfavorable pharmacokinetics, limiting their in vivo efficacy. To enable efficient delivery to antigen-presenting cells, we encapsulated a novel imidazoquinoline-based TLR7/8 agonist in pH-responsive polymeric NPs. Enhanced costimulatory molecule expression on dendritic cells and a stronger pro-inflammatory cytokine response were observed with a NP-encapsulated agonist, compared to that with the soluble form. Treatment with NP-encapsulated agonists resulted in stronger in vivo cytotoxicity and prolonged activation of NK cells compared to that with a soluble agonist. In addition, TLR7/8 agonist-loaded NPs potentiated stronger NK cell degranulation, which resulted in enhanced in vitro and in vivo ADCC mediated by the epidermal growth factor receptor-targeting antibody cetuximab. TLR7/8 agonist-loaded NP treatment significantly enhanced the antitumor efficacy of cetuximab and an anti-HER2/neu antibody in mouse tumor models. Collectively, our data show that a pH-responsive NP-encapsulating TLR7/8 agonist could be used as a potent immunostimulatory adjuvant for antibody-based cancer immunotherapy by promoting NK cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjoon Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Vidhi Khanna
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Tamara A Kucaba
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Wenqiu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Drishti Sehgal
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - David M Ferguson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Thomas S Griffith
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jayanth Panyam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Systematic Multiomic Analysis of Ly75 Gene Expression and Its Prognostic Value Through the Infiltration of Natural Killer (NK) Cells in Skin Cutaneous Melanoma. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051383. [PMID: 32397120 PMCID: PMC7291273 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ly75 (also known as DEC-205 or CD205) is expressed in immune cells and cancers and involved in tumor immunity. However, clinical relevance of Ly75 expression in skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) have not been comprehensively studied. This study analyzed the correlation between Ly75 mRNA expression and patient survival using systematic multiomic analysis tools. Ly75 mRNA expression level was significantly lower in SKCM tissues than in normal tissues. Survival analysis showed that Ly75 expression significantly correlated with good patient survival. To determine possible mechanisms, the association between Ly75 expression and immune cell infiltration was analyzed. Ly75 expression was positively correlated with various infiltrated immune cells, particularly with natural killer (NK) cell infiltration and activation in SKCM. Moreover, analysis of Ly75-co-altered gene expression revealed that Ptprc (CD45) was most significantly correlated with Ly75. Gene ontology analysis of Ly75-co-altered genes indicated the relation to lymphocyte activation, including NK cell activation. Overall, our study provides the first clinical evidence that Ly75 expression is significantly associated with melanoma patient survival and NK cell infiltration, suggesting that Ly75 could be a useful prognostic factor.
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34
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Tamblyn JA, Jeffery LE, Susarla R, Lissauer DM, Coort SL, Garcia AM, Knoblich K, Fletcher AL, Bulmer JN, Kilby MD, Hewison M. Transcriptomic analysis of vitamin D responses in uterine and peripheral NK cells. Reproduction 2020; 158:211-221. [PMID: 31163399 DOI: 10.1530/rep-18-0509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in pregnant women and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, in particular disorders of malplacentation. The active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), is a potent regulator of innate and adaptive immunity, but its immune effects during pregnancy remain poorly understood. During early gestation, the predominant immune cells in maternal decidua are uterine natural killer cells (uNK), but the responsivity of these cells to 1,25(OH)2D3 is unknown despite high levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 in decidua. Transcriptomic responses to 1,25(OH)2D3 were characterised in paired donor uNK and peripheral natural killer cells (pNK) following cytokine (CK) stimulation. RNA-seq analyses indicated 911 genes were differentially expressed in CK-stimulated uNK versus CK-stimulated pNK in the absence of 1,25(OH)2D3, with predominant differentially expressed pathways being associated with glycolysis and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ). RNA-seq also showed that the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and its heterodimer partner retinoid X receptor were differentially expressed in CK-stimulated uNK vs CK-stimulated pNK. Further analyses confirmed increased expression of VDR mRNA and protein, as well as VDR-RXR target in CK-stimulated uNK. RNA-seq analysis showed that in CK-stimulated pNK, 1,25(OH)2D3 induced 38 and suppressed 33 transcripts, whilst in CK-stimulated uNK 1,25(OH)2D3 induced 46 and suppressed 19 genes. However, multiple comparison analysis of transcriptomic data indicated that 1,25(OH)2D3 had no significant overall effect on gene expression in either CK-stimulated pNK or uNK. These data indicate that CK-stimulated uNK are transcriptionally distinct from pNK and, despite expressing abundant VDR, neither pNK nor uNK are sensitive targets for vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Tamblyn
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Women's & Newborn Health, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's & Children's Foundation Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
| | - L E Jeffery
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - R Susarla
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - D M Lissauer
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Women's & Newborn Health, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's & Children's Foundation Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - S L Coort
- Department of Bioinformatics-BiGCaT, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - A Muñoz Garcia
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Bioinformatics-BiGCaT, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - K Knoblich
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - A L Fletcher
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - J N Bulmer
- Reproductive and Vascular Biology Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - M D Kilby
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Women's & Newborn Health, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's & Children's Foundation Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK.,Fetal Medicine Centre, Birmingham Women's & Children's Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - M Hewison
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
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Kuznetsova TA, Smolina TP, Makarenkova ID, Ivanushko LA, Persiyanova EV, Ermakova SP, Silchenko AS, Zaporozhets TS, Besednova NN, Fedyanina LN, Kryzhanovsky SP. Immunoadjuvant Activity of Fucoidans from the Brown Alga Fucus evanescens. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E155. [PMID: 32168741 PMCID: PMC7143619 DOI: 10.3390/md18030155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thе study presents the results of a comparative evaluation of the effect of structural modifications of fucoidans from the brown alga Fucus evanescens (native, highly purified рroduct of fucoidan enzymatic hydrolysis, a new regular 1→3;1→4-α-L-fucan, sulphated mainly at C2 and acetylated at C4 of the fucose residue) on the effector functions of innate and adaptive immunity cells in vitro and in vivo. Using flow cytometry, we found that all examined fucoidans induce the maturation of dendritic cells, enhance the ability of neutrophils to migrate and adhere, activate monocytes and enhance their antigen-presenting functions, and increase the cytotoxic potential of natural killers. Fucoidans increase the production of hepatitis B virus (HBs) specific IgG and cytokine Th1 (IFN-γ, TNF-α) and Th2 (IL-4) profiles in vivo. The data obtained suggest that in vitro and in vivo adjuvant effects of the products of fucoidan enzymatic hydrolysis with regular structural characteristics are comparable to those of the native fucoidan. Based on these data, the products of fucoidan enzymatic hydrolysis can be considered as an effective and safe candidate adjuvant to improve the efficacy of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana A. Kuznetsova
- Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Vladivostok 690087, Russia; (T.P.S.); (I.D.M.); (L.A.I.); (E.V.P.); (T.S.Z.); (N.N.B.)
| | - Tatyana P. Smolina
- Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Vladivostok 690087, Russia; (T.P.S.); (I.D.M.); (L.A.I.); (E.V.P.); (T.S.Z.); (N.N.B.)
| | - Ilona D. Makarenkova
- Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Vladivostok 690087, Russia; (T.P.S.); (I.D.M.); (L.A.I.); (E.V.P.); (T.S.Z.); (N.N.B.)
| | - Lydmila A. Ivanushko
- Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Vladivostok 690087, Russia; (T.P.S.); (I.D.M.); (L.A.I.); (E.V.P.); (T.S.Z.); (N.N.B.)
| | - Elena V. Persiyanova
- Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Vladivostok 690087, Russia; (T.P.S.); (I.D.M.); (L.A.I.); (E.V.P.); (T.S.Z.); (N.N.B.)
| | - Svetlana P. Ermakova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (S.P.E.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Artem S. Silchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (S.P.E.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Tatyana S. Zaporozhets
- Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Vladivostok 690087, Russia; (T.P.S.); (I.D.M.); (L.A.I.); (E.V.P.); (T.S.Z.); (N.N.B.)
| | - Natalya N. Besednova
- Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Vladivostok 690087, Russia; (T.P.S.); (I.D.M.); (L.A.I.); (E.V.P.); (T.S.Z.); (N.N.B.)
| | - Lydmila N. Fedyanina
- Far Eastern Federal University, School of Biomedicine, Vladivostok, 690922, Russia; (L.N.F.); (S.P.K.)
| | - Sergey P. Kryzhanovsky
- Far Eastern Federal University, School of Biomedicine, Vladivostok, 690922, Russia; (L.N.F.); (S.P.K.)
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Age-associated changes in the immune system may influence the response to anti-PD1 therapy in metastatic melanoma patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:717-730. [PMID: 32036449 PMCID: PMC7183505 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02497-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Anti-PD1 treatment has improved the survival of metastatic melanoma patients, yet it is unknown which patients benefit from the treatment. In this exploratory study, we aimed to understand the effects of anti-PD1 therapy on the patients’ immune system and discover the characteristics that would result in successful treatment. We collected peripheral blood (PB) samples from 17 immuno-oncology-naïve metastatic melanoma patients before and after 1 and 3 months of anti-PD1 therapy. In addition, matching tumor biopsies at the time of diagnosis were collected for tissue microarray. The complete blood counts, PB immunophenotype, serum cytokine profiles, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were analyzed and correlated with the clinical data. Patients were categorized based on their disease control into responders (complete response, partial response, stable disease > 6 months, N = 11) and non-responders (progressive disease, stable disease ≤ 6 months, N = 6). During therapy, the PB natural killer T (NKT) cell frequency, expression of CD25 and CD45RO on cytotoxic natural killer (NK) cells, and serum CXC chemokine levels were significantly increased in responders. Furthermore, higher age together with age-associated characteristics from PB, lower frequency of PB-naïve CD8+ T cells, and elevated levels of serum MCP-4 and OPG were discovered as baseline predictors of treatment response. We therefore propose that in addition to T cells, anti-PD1 treatment is associated with NK- and NKT-cell population dynamics, and that the age-associated characteristics from PB together with older age may contribute to prolonged PFS in anti-PD1-treated melanoma patients.
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Bosch NC, Voll RE, Voskens CJ, Gross S, Seliger B, Schuler G, Schaft N, Dörrie J. NF-κB activation triggers NK-cell stimulation by monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2019; 11:1758835919891622. [PMID: 31853267 PMCID: PMC6909276 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919891622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In therapeutic cancer vaccination, monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) efficiently activate specific T-cell responses; however, optimizing the activation of innate immune cells could support and improve the antitumor effects. A major disadvantage of moDCs matured with the standard cytokine cocktail (consisting of IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and PGE2) is their inability to secrete IL-12p70. IL-12 prominently activates natural killer (NK) cells, which are crucial in innate antitumor immunity, as they act as helper cells for the induction of a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response and are also able to directly kill the tumor. Methods: Previously we have shown that triggering the NF-κB pathway in moDCs by transfection of mRNA encoding constitutively active IKKβ (caIKKβ) led to IL-12p70 secretion and improved the dendritic cells’ capability to activate and expand CTLs with a memory-like phenotype. In this study, we examined whether such dendritic cells could activate autologous NK cells. Results: moDCs matured with the standard cytokine cocktail followed by transfection with the caIKKβ-RNA were able to activate autologous NK cells, detected by the upregulation of CD54, CD69, and CD25 on the NK cells, their ability to secrete IFNγ, and their high lytic activity. Moreover, the ability of NK-cell activation was not diminished by simultaneous T-cell activation. Conclusion: The capacity of caIKKβ-DCs to activate both the adaptive and innate immune response indicates an enhanced potential for clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi C Bosch
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Reinhard E Voll
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Caroline J Voskens
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Gross
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Gerold Schuler
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Niels Schaft
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Dörrie
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Research Campus, Hartmannstraße 14, Erlangen, 91052, Germany
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Benson KF, Stamets P, Davis R, Nally R, Taylor A, Slater S, Jensen GS. The mycelium of the Trametes versicolor (Turkey tail) mushroom and its fermented substrate each show potent and complementary immune activating properties in vitro. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:342. [PMID: 31791317 PMCID: PMC6889544 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2681-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The medicinal mushroom Trametes versicolor (Tv, Turkey Tail) is often prepared for consumption as a powder from the fungal mycelium and the fermented substrate on which it grew. The goal for this study was to evaluate the immune-modulating properties of the mycelium versus the fermented substrate, to document whether an important part of the immune-activating effects resides in the metabolically fermented substrate. METHODS Tv mycelium was cultured on rice flour. The mycelium and the fermented substrate were mechanically separated, dried, and milled. The initial substrate served as a control. Aqueous fractions were extracted and passed through 0.22-μm filters. The remaining solids were passed through homogenization spin columns without filtration. The aqueous and solid fractions of the initial substrate (IS), the fermented substrate (FS), and the Trametes versicolor mycelium (TvM) were tested for immune-activating and modulating activities on human peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures, to examine expression of the CD69 activation marker on lymphocytes versus monocytes, and on the T, NKT, and NK lymphocyte subsets. Culture supernatants were tested for cytokines using Luminex arrays. RESULTS Both aqueous and solid fractions of TvM triggered robust induction of CD69 on lymphocytes and monocytes, whereas FS only triggered minor induction of CD69, and IS had no activating effect. The aqueous extract of TvM had stronger activating effects than the solid fraction. In contrast, the solid fraction of IS triggered a reduction in CD69, below levels on untreated cells. Both aqueous and solid fractions of FS triggered large and dose-dependent increases in immune-activating pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-6), anti-inflammatory cytokines Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10), anti-viral cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-alpha (MIP-1α), as well as Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) and Interleukin-8 (IL-8). TvM triggered more modest cytokine increases. The aqueous extract of IS showed no effects, whereas the solid fraction showed modest effects on induction of cytokines and growth factors. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that the immune-activating bioactivity of a mycelial-based medicinal mushroom preparation is a combination of the mycelium itself (including insoluble beta-glucans, and also water-soluble components), and the highly bioactive, metabolically fermented substrate, not present in the initial substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Stamets
- Fungi Perfecti, Postal Box 7634, Olympia, Washington, 98507 USA
| | - Renee Davis
- Fungi Perfecti, Postal Box 7634, Olympia, Washington, 98507 USA
| | - Regan Nally
- Fungi Perfecti, Postal Box 7634, Olympia, Washington, 98507 USA
| | - Alex Taylor
- Fungi Perfecti, Postal Box 7634, Olympia, Washington, 98507 USA
| | - Sonya Slater
- Fungi Perfecti, Postal Box 7634, Olympia, Washington, 98507 USA
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Lee DA. Cellular therapy: Adoptive immunotherapy with expanded natural killer cells. Immunol Rev 2019; 290:85-99. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dean A. Lee
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio
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40
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Holubova M, Leba M, Gmucova H, Caputo VS, Jindra P, Lysak D. Improving the Clinical Application of Natural Killer Cells by Modulating Signals Signal from Target Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143472. [PMID: 31311121 PMCID: PMC6679089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a significant post-transplant complication lacking standard treatment and associated with a poor prognosis. Cellular therapy, which is already widely used as a treatment for several hematological malignancies, could be a potential treatment alternative. Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in relapse control but can be inhibited by the leukemia cells highly positive for HLA class I. In order to restore NK cell activity after their ex vivo activation, NK cells can be combined with conditioning target cells. In this study, we tested NK cell activity against KG1a (AML cell line) with and without two types of pretreatment—Ara-C treatment that induced NKG2D ligands (increased activating signal) and/or blocking of HLA–KIR (killer-immunoglobulin-like receptors) interaction (decreased inhibitory signal). Both treatments improved NK cell killing activity. Compared with target cell killing of NK cells alone (38%), co-culture with Ara-C treated KG1a target cells increased the killing to 80%. Anti-HLA blocking antibody treatment increased the proportion of dead KG1a cells to 53%. Interestingly, the use of the combination treatment improved the killing potential to led to the death of 85% of KG1a cells. The combination of Ara-C and ex vivo activation of NK cells has the potential to be a feasible approach to treat relapsed AML after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cells, Cultured
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Cytarabine/pharmacology
- Humans
- Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/transplantation
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K/immunology
- Receptors, KIR/immunology
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Holubova
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen 323 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Leba
- Faculty of Applied Science, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen 301 00, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Gmucova
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen 304 60, Czech Republic
| | - Valentina S Caputo
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Pavel Jindra
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen 304 60, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Lysak
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen 304 60, Czech Republic
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The Interplay between Host Innate Immunity and Hepatitis E Virus. Viruses 2019; 11:v11060541. [PMID: 31212582 PMCID: PMC6630959 DOI: 10.3390/v11060541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection represents an emerging global health issue, whereas the clinical outcomes vary dramatically among different populations. The host innate immune system provides a first-line defense against the infection, but dysregulation may partially contribute to severe pathogenesis. A growing body of evidence has indicated the active response of the host innate immunity to HEV infection both in experimental models and in patients. In turn, HEV has developed sophisticated strategies to counteract the host immune system. In this review, we aim to comprehensively decipher the processes of pathogen recognition, interferon, and inflammatory responses, and the involvement of innate immune cells in HEV infection. We further discuss their implications in understanding the pathogenic mechanisms and developing antiviral therapies.
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Wagner AK, Alici E, Lowdell MW. Characterization of human natural killer cells for therapeutic use. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:315-326. [PMID: 30910383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As a part of the innate immune system, natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes that can exert cytotoxic activity against infected or transformed cells. Furthermore, due to their expression of a functional Fc receptor, they have also been eluded as a major effector fraction in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. These characteristics have led to multiple efforts to use them for adoptive immunotherapy against various malignancies. There are now at least 70 clinical trials testing the safety and efficacy of NK cell products around the world in early-phase clinical trials. NK cells are also being tested in the context of tumor retargeting via chimeric antigen receptors, other genetic modification strategies, as well as tumor-specific activation strategies such as bispecific engagers with or without cytokine stimulations. One advantage of the use of NK cells for adoptive immunotherapy is their potential to overcome HLA barriers. This has led to a plethora of sources, such as cord blood hematopoietic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, which can generate comparatively high cytotoxic NK cells to peripheral blood counterparts. However, the variety of the sources has led to a heterogeneity in the characterization of the final infusion product. Therefore, in this review, we will discuss a comparative assessment strategy, from characterization of NK cells at collection to final product release by various phenotypic and functional assays, in an effort to predict potency of the cellular product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnika K Wagner
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evren Alici
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark W Lowdell
- Department of Haematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.
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Second-generation IL-2 receptor-targeted diphtheria fusion toxin exhibits antitumor activity and synergy with anti-PD-1 in melanoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:3100-3105. [PMID: 30718426 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1815087116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Denileukin diftitox (DAB-IL-2, Ontak) is a diphtheria-toxin-based fusion protein that depletes CD25-positive cells including regulatory T cells and has been approved for the treatment of persistent or recurrent cutaneous T cell lymphoma. However, the clinical use of denileukin diftitox was limited by vascular leak toxicity and production issues related to drug aggregation and purity. We found that a single amino acid substitution (V6A) in a motif associated with vascular leak induction yields a fully active, second-generation biologic, s-DAB-IL-2(V6A), which elicits 50-fold less human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayer permeation and is 3.7-fold less lethal to mice by LD50 analysis than s-DAB-IL-2. Additionally, to overcome aggregation problems, we developed a production method for the fusion toxin using Corynebacterium diphtheriae that secretes fully folded, biologically active, monomeric s-DAB-IL-2 into the culture medium. Using the poorly immunogenic mouse B16F10 melanoma model, we initiated treatment 7 days after tumor challenge and observed that, while both s-DAB-IL-2(V6A) and s-DAB-IL-2 are inhibitors of tumor growth, the capacity to treat with higher doses of s-DAB-IL-2(V6A) could provide a superior activity window. In a sequential dual-therapy study in tumors that have progressed for 10 days, both s-DAB-IL-2(V6A) and s-DAB-IL-2 given before checkpoint inhibition with anti-programmed cell death-1 (anti-PD-1) antibodies inhibited tumor growth, while either drug given as monotherapy had less effect. s-DAB-IL-2(V6A), a fully monomeric protein with reduced vascular leak, is a second-generation diphtheria-toxin-based fusion protein with promise as a cancer immunotherapeutic both alone and in conjunction with PD-1 blockade.
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Vis B, Hewitt RE, Faria N, Bastos C, Chappell H, Pele L, Jugdaohsingh R, Kinrade SD, Powell JJ. Non-Functionalized Ultrasmall Silica Nanoparticles Directly and Size-Selectively Activate T Cells. ACS NANO 2018; 12:10843-10854. [PMID: 30346692 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b03363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Sub-micron-sized silica nanoparticles, even as small as 10-20 nm in diameter, are well-known for their activation of mononuclear phagocytes. In contrast, the cellular impact of those <10 nm [ i.e., ultrasmall silica nanoparticles (USSN)] is not well-established for any cell type despite anticipated human exposure. Here, we synthesized discrete populations of USSN with volume median diameters between 1.8 to 16 nm and investigated their impact on the mixed cell population of human primary peripheral mononuclear cells. USSN 1.8-7.6 nm in diameter, optimally 3.6-5.1 nm in diameter, induced dose-dependent CD4 and CD8 T-cell activation in terms of cell surface CD25 and CD69 up-regulation at concentrations above 150 μM Sitotal (∼500 nM particles). Induced activation with only ∼2.4 μM particles was (a) equivalent to that observed with typical positive control levels of Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and (b) evident in antigen presenting cell-deplete cultures as well as in a pure T-cell line (Jurkat) culture. In the primary mixed-cell population, USSN induced IFN-γ secretion but failed to induce T-cell proliferation or the secretion of IL-2, IL-10, or IL-4. Collectively, these data indicate that USSN initiate activation, with Th1 polarization, of T cells via direct particle-cell interaction. Finally, similarly sized iron hydroxide particles did not induce the expression of T-cell activation markers, indicating some selectivity of the ultrasmall particle type. Given that humans may be exposed to ultrasmall particles and that these materials have emerging bioclinical applications, their off-target immunomodulatory effects via direct T-cell activation should be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Vis
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine , University of Cambridge , Madingley Road , Cambridge CB3 0ES , United Kingdom
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Mineral Science and Technology , MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory , Fulbourn Road , Cambridge CB1 9NL , United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry , Lakehead University , Thunder Bay , Ontario P7B 5E1 , Canada
| | - Rachel E Hewitt
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine , University of Cambridge , Madingley Road , Cambridge CB3 0ES , United Kingdom
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Mineral Science and Technology , MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory , Fulbourn Road , Cambridge CB1 9NL , United Kingdom
| | - Nuno Faria
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine , University of Cambridge , Madingley Road , Cambridge CB3 0ES , United Kingdom
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Mineral Science and Technology , MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory , Fulbourn Road , Cambridge CB1 9NL , United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Bastos
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine , University of Cambridge , Madingley Road , Cambridge CB3 0ES , United Kingdom
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Mineral Science and Technology , MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory , Fulbourn Road , Cambridge CB1 9NL , United Kingdom
| | - Helen Chappell
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Mineral Science and Technology , MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory , Fulbourn Road , Cambridge CB1 9NL , United Kingdom
- School of Food Science and Nutrition , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , United Kingdom
| | - Laetitia Pele
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine , University of Cambridge , Madingley Road , Cambridge CB3 0ES , United Kingdom
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Mineral Science and Technology , MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory , Fulbourn Road , Cambridge CB1 9NL , United Kingdom
| | - Ravin Jugdaohsingh
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine , University of Cambridge , Madingley Road , Cambridge CB3 0ES , United Kingdom
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Mineral Science and Technology , MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory , Fulbourn Road , Cambridge CB1 9NL , United Kingdom
| | - Stephen D Kinrade
- Department of Chemistry , Lakehead University , Thunder Bay , Ontario P7B 5E1 , Canada
| | - Jonathan J Powell
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine , University of Cambridge , Madingley Road , Cambridge CB3 0ES , United Kingdom
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Mineral Science and Technology , MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory , Fulbourn Road , Cambridge CB1 9NL , United Kingdom
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Wu L, Zhang F, Wei Z, Li X, Zhao H, Lv H, Ge R, Ma H, Zhang H, Yang B, Li J, Jiang J. Magnetic delivery of Fe 3O 4@polydopamine nanoparticle-loaded natural killer cells suggest a promising anticancer treatment. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:2714-2725. [PMID: 30151523 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00588e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK)-cell-based immunotherapy has been reported to have promising prospects in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, one of the most common malignancies in the world. It has been proven that higher the NK cell infiltration into the tumor, the better is the curative effect. Therefore, it would be beneficial to develop a method that increases NK cell recruitment and infiltration into the tumor site. The purpose of this study was to establish an immune-cell delivery system for clear lung cancer cells based on magnetic nanoparticle (NP)-labeled NK cells that can be accumulated at the tumor site by placing a tiny external magnetic device inside animals. We developed superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs consisting of a magnetic Fe3O4 core and a shell of polydopamine (PDA) for magnetic targeting therapy. Fe3O4@PDA NPs possess favorable physiological stability and biocompatibility that facilitate their active uptake by NK cells. The biology of NK cells was not affected by the presence of NPs. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that Fe3O4@PDA NP-labeled NK cells significantly inhibited tumor growth and reduced the expression of Ki-67 and increased the apoptosis of A549 cancer cells. H&E staining showed Fe3O4@PDA NP-labeled NK cells, under a magnetic field, had higher intra-tumoral iron density and increased accumulation of CD56+ NK cells. Our results suggest that Fe3O4@PDA NPs are a promising magnetic nanomaterial that can manipulate immune cells, thereby inhibiting tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Wu
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Xiantai Street No.126, Changchun, China.
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Backes CS, Friedmann KS, Mang S, Knörck A, Hoth M, Kummerow C. Natural killer cells induce distinct modes of cancer cell death: Discrimination, quantification, and modulation of apoptosis, necrosis, and mixed forms. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:16348-16363. [PMID: 30190323 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune therapy of cancer is among the most promising recent advances in medicine. Whether the immune system can keep cancer in check depends on, among other factors, the efficiency of immune cells to recognize and eliminate cancer cells. We describe a time-resolved single-cell assay that reports the quality, quantity, and kinetics of target cell death induced by single primary human natural killer (NK) cells. The assay reveals that single NK cells induce cancer cell death by apoptosis and necrosis but also by mixed forms. Inhibition of either one of the two major cytotoxic pathways, perforin/granzyme release or FasL/FasR interaction, unmasked the parallel activity of the other one. Ca2+ influx through Orai channels is important for tuning killer cell function. We found that the apoptosis/necrosis ratio of cancer cell death by NK cells is controlled by the magnitude of Ca2+ entry and furthermore by the relative concentrations of perforin and granzyme B. The possibility to change the apoptosis/necrosis ratio employed by NK cells offers an intriguing possibility to modulate the immunogenicity of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian S Backes
- From the Department of Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Kim S Friedmann
- From the Department of Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Mang
- From the Department of Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Arne Knörck
- From the Department of Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Markus Hoth
- From the Department of Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Kummerow
- From the Department of Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
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Mendez-Encinas MA, Carvajal-Millan E, Rascon-Chu A, Astiazaran-Garcia HF, Valencia-Rivera DE. Ferulated Arabinoxylans and Their Gels: Functional Properties and Potential Application as Antioxidant and Anticancer Agent. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2314759. [PMID: 30186541 PMCID: PMC6116397 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2314759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the last years, biomedical research has focused its efforts in the development of new oral delivery systems for the treatment of different diseases. Ferulated arabinoxylans are polysaccharides from cereals that have been gaining attention in the pharmaceutical field due to their prebiotic, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. The antioxidant and anticancer properties of these polysaccharides make them attractive compounds for the treatment of cancer, particularly colon cancer. In addition, ferulated arabinoxylans can form covalent gels through the cross-linking of their ferulic acids. Due to their particular characteristics, ferulated arabinoxylan gels represent an excellent alternative as colon-targeted drug delivery systems. The aim of the present work is to review the physicochemical and functional properties of ferulated arabinoxylans and their gels and to present the future perspectives for potential application as antioxidant and anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Alejandra Mendez-Encinas
- Biopolymers, Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD, A.C. Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6, 83304 Hermosillo, SON, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Carvajal-Millan
- Biopolymers, Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD, A.C. Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6, 83304 Hermosillo, SON, Mexico
| | - Agustín Rascon-Chu
- Biotechnology, Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD, A.C. Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6, 83304 Hermosillo, SON, Mexico
| | | | - Dora Edith Valencia-Rivera
- Department of Chemical Biological and Agropecuary Sciences, University of Sonora, Avenida Universidad e Irigoyen, 83621 Caborca, SON, Mexico
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Frimpong A, Kusi KA, Tornyigah B, Ofori MF, Ndifon W. Characterization of T cell activation and regulation in children with asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infection. Malar J 2018; 17:263. [PMID: 30005684 PMCID: PMC6045887 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2410-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Asymptomatic Plasmodium infections are characterized by the absence of clinical disease and the ability to restrict parasite replication. Increasing levels of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in Plasmodium falciparum infections have been associated with the risk of developing clinical disease, suggesting that individuals with asymptomatic infections may have reduced Treg frequency. However, the relationship between Tregs, cellular activation and parasite control in asymptomatic malaria remains unclear. Methods In a cross-sectional study, the levels of Tregs and other T cell activation phenotypes were compared using flow cytometry in symptomatic, asymptomatic and uninfected children before and after stimulation with infected red blood cell lysates (iRBCs). In addition, the association between these T cell phenotypes and parasitaemia were investigated. Results In children with asymptomatic infections, levels of Tregs and activated T cells were comparable to those in healthy controls but significantly lower than those in symptomatic children. After iRBC stimulation, levels of Tregs remained lower for asymptomatic versus symptomatic children. In contrast, levels of activated T cells were higher for asymptomatic children. Strikingly, the pre-stimulation levels of two T cell activation phenotypes (CD8+CD69+ and CD8+CD25+CD69+) and the post-stimulation levels of two regulatory phenotypes (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ and CD8+CD25+Foxp3+) were significantly positively correlated with and explained 68% of the individual variation in parasitaemia. A machine-learning model based on levels of these four phenotypes accurately distinguished between asymptomatic and symptomatic children (sensitivity = 86%, specificity = 94%), suggesting that these phenotypes govern the observed variation in disease status. Conclusion Compared to symptomatic P. falciparum infections, in children asymptomatic infections are characterized by lower levels of Tregs and activated T cells, which are associated with lower parasitaemia. The results indicate that T cell regulatory and activation phenotypes govern both parasitaemia and disease status in paediatric malaria in the studied sub-Saharan African population. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-018-2410-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustina Frimpong
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, P. O. Box LG 54, Accra, Ghana. .,Immunology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Accra, Ghana. .,African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, P.O. Box DL 676, Cape-Coast, Ghana.
| | - Kwadwo Asamoah Kusi
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, P. O. Box LG 54, Accra, Ghana.,Immunology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Accra, Ghana
| | - Bernard Tornyigah
- Immunology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Accra, Ghana
| | - Michael Fokuo Ofori
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, P. O. Box LG 54, Accra, Ghana.,Immunology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Accra, Ghana
| | - Wilfred Ndifon
- African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, P.O. Box DL 676, Cape-Coast, Ghana. .,African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, 7 Melrose Rd, Muizenberg, Cape Town, 7945, South Africa.
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Mandó P, Rizzo M, Roberti MP, Juliá EP, Pampena MB, Pérez de la Puente C, Loza CM, Ponce C, Nadal J, Coló FA, Mordoh J, Levy EM. High neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and decreased CD69 +NK cells represent a phenotype of high risk in early-stage breast cancer patients. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:2901-2910. [PMID: 29844687 PMCID: PMC5961634 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s160911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Breast cancer (BC) is a highly heterogeneous disease presenting a broad range of clinical and molecular characteristics. In the past years, a growing body of evidence demonstrated that immune response plays a significant role in cancer outcome. However, immune prognostic markers are not completely validated in clinical practice in BC patients. Materials and methods With the aim to characterize immune features, several parameters were analyzed in peripheral blood at diagnosis of 85 nonmetastatic BC patients between April 2011 and July 2014. Results With a median follow-up of 38.6 months, peripheral blood analysis of BC patients (stages I, II, and III) showed that total lymphocyte and T lymphocyte counts were augmented in nonrelapsed patients. Also, a higher neutrophil-to-lymphocytes ratio was associated with prolonged disease-free survival. Natural killer cell receptor analysis revealed that early activation receptor CD69 was associated with a better outcome. Conclusion This preliminary evidence is in accordance with the concept of immune surveillance. We suggest an “immune phenotype” that provides relevant prognostic information in early-stage BC patients and which could be useful in the decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Mandó
- Oncology Research Center CIO-FUCA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manglio Rizzo
- Alexander Fleming Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jorge Nadal
- Alexander Fleming Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - José Mordoh
- Oncology Research Center CIO-FUCA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Alexander Fleming Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Biochemical Research Institute of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Nham T, Poznanski SM, Fan IY, Shenouda MM, Chew MV, Lee AJ, Vahedi F, Karimi Y, Butcher M, Lee DA, Hirte H, Ashkar AA. Ex vivo-expanded NK cells from blood and ascites of ovarian cancer patients are cytotoxic against autologous primary ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:575-587. [PMID: 29299659 PMCID: PMC11028100 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-2112-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the leading cause of gynecological cancer-related death in North America. Most ovarian cancer patients (OCPs) experience disease recurrence after first-line surgery and chemotherapy; thus, there is a need for novel second-line treatments to improve the prognosis of OC. Although peripheral blood-derived NK cells are known for their ability to spontaneously lyse tumour cells without prior sensitization, ascites-derived NK cells (ascites-NK cells) isolated from OCPs exhibit inhibitory phenotypes, impaired cytotoxicity and may play a pro-tumourigenic role in cancer progression. Therefore, it is of interest to improve the cytotoxic effector function of impaired OCP ascites-NK cells at the tumour environment. We investigated the efficacy of using an artificial APC-based ex vivo expansion technique to generate cytotoxic, expanded NK cells from previously impaired OCP ascites-NK cells, for use in an autologous model of NK cell immunotherapy. We are the first to obtain a log-scale expansion of OCP ascites-NK cells that upregulate the surface expression of activating receptors NKG2D, NKp30, NKp44, produce robust amounts of anti-tumour cytokines in the presence of OC cells and mediate direct tumour cytotoxicity against ascites-derived, primary OC cells obtained from autologous patients. Our findings demonstrate that it is possible to generate cytotoxic OCP ascites-NK cells from previously impaired OCP ascites-NK cells, which presents a promising immunotherapeutic target for the second-line treatment of OC. Future work should focus on evaluating the in vivo efficacy of autologous NK cell immunotherapy through the intraperitoneal delivery of NK cell expansion factors to a preclinical xenograft mouse model of human OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Nham
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Rm 4015 Michael DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Sophie M Poznanski
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Rm 4015 Michael DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Isabella Y Fan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Rm 4015 Michael DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Mira M Shenouda
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Rm 4015 Michael DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Marianne V Chew
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Rm 4015 Michael DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Amanda J Lee
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Rm 4015 Michael DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Vahedi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Rm 4015 Michael DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Yalda Karimi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Rm 4015 Michael DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Martin Butcher
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Dean A Lee
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hal Hirte
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ali A Ashkar
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Rm 4015 Michael DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
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