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Wang E, Wang M, Gao M. Probe substrates assay estimates the effect of polyphyllin H on the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes in human liver microsomes. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2024; 12:e70002. [PMID: 39210686 PMCID: PMC11362609 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.70002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) play a crucial role in phase I metabolic reactions. The activity of CYPs would affect therapeutic efficacy and may even induce toxicity. Given the complex components of traditional Chinese medicine, it is important to understand the effect of active ingredients on CYPs activity to guide their prescription. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of polyphyllin H on the activity of CYPs major isoforms providing a reference for the clinical prescription of polyphyllin H and its source herbs. The effects of polyphyllin H were evaluated in pooled human liver microsomes using probe substrates of CYP1A2, 2A6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4 to determine their activities. The Lineweaver-Burk was used to model the inhibition, and a time-dependent inhibition experiment was performed to understand the characteristics of the inhibition. Polyphyllin H significantly suppressed the activity of CYP1A2, 2D6, and 3A4 with IC50 values of 6.44, 13.88, and 4.52 μM, respectively. The inhibition of CYP1A2 and 2D6 was best fitted with a competitive model, yielding the inhibition constant (Ki) values of 3.18 and 6.77 μM, respectively. The inhibition of CYP3A4 was fitted with the non-competitive model with the Ki value of 2.38 μM. Moreover, the inhibition of CYP3A4 was revealed to be time-dependent with the inhibition parameters inhibition constant (KI) and inactivation rate constant (Kinact) values of 2.26 μM-1 and 0.045 min-1. Polyphyllin H acted as a competitive inhibitor of CYP1A2 and 2D6 and a non-competitive and time-dependent inhibitor of CYP3A4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhao Wang
- Pharmacy Department, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Mengxi Wang
- Pharmacy Department, Seafarers General Hospital of Heilongjiang Province/Heilongjiang Sixth Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Pharmacy Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Stefanes NM, de Oliveira Silva L, Walter LO, Steimbach JV, Markendorf E, Ribeiro AAB, Feuser PE, Cordeiro AP, Santos-Silva MC. Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate: an effective and selective compound for hematological malignancies. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03399-8. [PMID: 39186189 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03399-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Myeloid leukemias and lymphomas are among the most common and well-studied hematological malignancies. However, due to the aggressiveness and rapid progression of certain subtypes, treating these diseases remains a challenge. Considering the promising results of diethyldithiocarbamates in preclinical and clinical oncology trials, this study aimed to investigate the potential of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate (DETC) as a prototype for developing new drugs to treat hematological malignancies. In silico analysis using SwissADME was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics and pharmacokinetic properties of DETC. An in vitro investigation utilizing the MTT assay assessed the cytotoxic effects of DETC on neoplastic and non-neoplastic cell lines. Selectivity was determined using a selectivity index and a hemolysis assay, while the mechanism of cell death in neoplastic cell lines was examined through flow cytometry analysis of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic protein levels. The results demonstrated that the physicochemical characteristics of DETC are suitable for oral administration. Furthermore, the compound showed promising cytotoxic activity against human myeloid leukemia (K562) and Burkitt's lymphoma (Daudi) cell lines, with high selectivity for neoplastic cells over non-neoplastic cells of the bone marrow microenvironment (HS-5 cell line). Moreover, hemolysis was observed only at very high concentrations. The cytotoxicity mechanism of DETC against both neoplastic cell lines involved cell cycle arrest and the production of reactive oxygen species. In K562 cells, cell death was induced via apoptosis. Additional experiments are needed to confirm the exact mechanism of cell death in Daudi Burkitt's lymphoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Marcéli Stefanes
- Experimental Oncology and Hemopathies Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Lisandra de Oliveira Silva
- Experimental Oncology and Hemopathies Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Laura Otto Walter
- Experimental Oncology and Hemopathies Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - João Vitor Steimbach
- Experimental Oncology and Hemopathies Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Emanueli Markendorf
- Experimental Oncology and Hemopathies Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Amanda Abdalla Biasi Ribeiro
- Experimental Oncology and Hemopathies Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Paulo Emílio Feuser
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Technological Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Arthur Poester Cordeiro
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Technological Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Maria Cláudia Santos-Silva
- Experimental Oncology and Hemopathies Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil.
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Hossam Abdelmonem B, Abdelaal NM, Anwer EKE, Rashwan AA, Hussein MA, Ahmed YF, Khashana R, Hanna MM, Abdelnaser A. Decoding the Role of CYP450 Enzymes in Metabolism and Disease: A Comprehensive Review. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1467. [PMID: 39062040 PMCID: PMC11275228 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) is a group of enzymes that play an essential role in Phase I metabolism, with 57 functional genes classified into 18 families in the human genome, of which the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 families are prominent. Beyond drug metabolism, CYP enzymes metabolize endogenous compounds such as lipids, proteins, and hormones to maintain physiological homeostasis. Thus, dysregulation of CYP450 enzymes can lead to different endocrine disorders. Moreover, CYP450 enzymes significantly contribute to fatty acid metabolism, cholesterol synthesis, and bile acid biosynthesis, impacting cellular physiology and disease pathogenesis. Their diverse functions emphasize their therapeutic potential in managing hypercholesterolemia and neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, CYP450 enzymes are implicated in the onset and development of illnesses such as cancer, influencing chemotherapy outcomes. Assessment of CYP450 enzyme expression and activity aids in evaluating liver health state and differentiating between liver diseases, guiding therapeutic decisions, and optimizing drug efficacy. Understanding the roles of CYP450 enzymes and the clinical effect of their genetic polymorphisms is crucial for developing personalized therapeutic strategies and enhancing drug responses in diverse patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Hossam Abdelmonem
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (B.H.A.); (M.A.H.); (Y.F.A.); (R.K.); (M.M.H.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences & Arts (MSA), Giza 12451, Egypt
| | - Noha M. Abdelaal
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (N.M.A.); (E.K.E.A.); (A.A.R.)
| | - Eman K. E. Anwer
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (N.M.A.); (E.K.E.A.); (A.A.R.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo 4411601, Egypt
| | - Alaa A. Rashwan
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (N.M.A.); (E.K.E.A.); (A.A.R.)
| | - Mohamed Ali Hussein
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (B.H.A.); (M.A.H.); (Y.F.A.); (R.K.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Yasmin F. Ahmed
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (B.H.A.); (M.A.H.); (Y.F.A.); (R.K.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Rana Khashana
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (B.H.A.); (M.A.H.); (Y.F.A.); (R.K.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Mireille M. Hanna
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (B.H.A.); (M.A.H.); (Y.F.A.); (R.K.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Anwar Abdelnaser
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (B.H.A.); (M.A.H.); (Y.F.A.); (R.K.); (M.M.H.)
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Ye Z, Xia H, Hu J, Liu YN, Wang A, Cai JP, Hu GX, Xu RA. CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms and myricetin interaction on tofacitinib metabolism. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116421. [PMID: 38719708 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Tofacitinib can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. In this current study, a recombinant human CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 system was operated to study the effects of recombinant variants on tofacitinib metabolism. Moreover, the interaction between tofacitinib and myricetin was analyzed in vitro. The levels of M9 (the main metabolite of tofacitinib) was detected by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The findings revealed that 11 variants showed significant changes in the levels of M9 compared to CYP3A4.1, while the other variants didn't reveal any remarkable significances. Compared with CYP2C19.1, 11 variants showed increases in the levels of M9, and 10 variants showed decreases. Additionally, it was demonstrated in vitro that the inhibition of tofacitinib by myricetin was a non-competitive type in rat liver microsomes (RLM) and human liver microsomes (HLM). However, the inhibitory mechanism was a competitive type in CYP3A4.18, and mixed type in CYP3A4.1 and .28, respectively. The data demonstrated that gene polymorphisms and myricetin had significant effects on the metabolism of tofacitinib, contributing to important clinical data for the precise use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhize Ye
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hailun Xia
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinyu Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya-Nan Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Anzhou Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China.
| | - Guo-Xin Hu
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ren-Ai Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Chen W, Hu J, Chen J, Guo Y, Hong Y, Xia H. Spatio-temporal analysis of toxigenic genes expression in the growing Bufo gargarizans based on RNA sequencing data. Genomics 2024; 116:110847. [PMID: 38685287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2024.110847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bufo gargarizans Cantor, a widely distributed amphibian species in Asia, produces and releases toxins through its retroauricular and granular glands. Although various tissues have been sequenced, the molecular mechanisms underlying the toxin production remain unclear. To elucidate these mechanisms, abdominal skin (non-toxic secretory glands) and retroauricular gland (toxic secreting glands) samples were collected at different time points (3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months) for RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and analysis. RESULTS In comparison to the S group during the same period, a total of 3053, 3026, 1516, 1028, and 2061 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified across five developmental stages. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that DEGs were primarily enriched in biological processes including cellular processes, single-organism processes, metabolic processes, and biological regulation. In terms of cellular components, the DEGs were predominantly localized in the cell and cell parts, whereas molecular function indicated significant enrichment in binding and catalytic activity. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that the metabolism and synthesis of various substances, such as lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, steroid biosynthesis, and primary bile acid biosynthesis, were accompanied by the development of toads. Additionally, using trend analysis, we discovered candidate genes that were upregulated in the retroauricular glands during development, and the abundance of these genes in the abdominal skin was extremely low. Finally, we identified 26 genes that are likely to be involved in toxin production and that are likely to be involved in toxin anabolism. CONCLUSION Overall, these results provide new insights into the genes involved in toxin production in B. gargarizans, which will improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying toxigenic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Jinghong Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Control and Construction of the Whole Industrial Chain of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yongjian Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Houkai Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Shandong Kang Yuan Tang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
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Chen Z, Zhang L, Zhang P, Guo H, Zhang R, Li L, Li X. Prediction of Cytochrome P450 Inhibition Using a Deep Learning Approach and Substructure Pattern Recognition. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:2528-2538. [PMID: 37864562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is a family of enzymes that are responsible for about 75% of all metabolic reactions. Among them, CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 participate in the metabolism of most drugs and mediate many adverse drug reactions. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate the chemical inhibition of Cytochrome P450 enzymes in drug discovery and the food industry. In the past few decades, many computational models have been reported, and some provided good performance. However, there are still several issues that should be resolved for these models, such as single isoform, models with unbalanced performance, lack of structural characteristics analysis, and poor availability. In the present study, the deep learning models based on python using the Keras framework and TensorFlow were developed for the chemical inhibition of each CYP isoform. These models were established based on a large data set containing 85715 compounds extracted from the PubChem bioassay database. On external validation, the models provided good AUC values with 0.97, 0.94, 0.94, 0.96, and 0.94 for CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4, respectively. The models can be freely accessed on the Web server named CYPi-DNNpredictor (cypi.sapredictor.cn), and the codes for the model were made open source in the Supporting Information. In addition, we also analyzed the structural characteristics of chemicals with CYP450 inhibition and detected the structural alerts (SAs), which should be responsible for the inhibition. The SAs were also made available online, named CYPi-SAdetector (cypisa.sapredictor.cn). The models can be used as a powerful tool for the prediction of CYP450 inhibitors, and the SAs should provide useful information for the mechanisms of Cytochrome P450 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Huizhu Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Ruiqiu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan 250014, China
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Wang R, Zheng K, Liu Y, Ji S, Tang Y, Wang J, Jiang R. Effect of tubeimoside I on the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes in human liver microsomes. Xenobiotica 2024; 54:57-63. [PMID: 38166553 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2023.2301352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
This study assessed the effect of tubeimoside I on CYP1A2, 2A6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4 to reveal the potential of tubeimoside I to induce drug-drug interaction.The evaluation of cytochromes P450 enzyme (CYP) activity was performed in pooled human liver microsomes with probing substrates of CYP1A2, 2A6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4. Typical inhibitors were employed as positive controls and the effect of 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 μM tubeimoside I was investigated.The activity of CYP2D6, 2E1, and 3A4 was significantly inhibited by tubeimoside I with the IC50 values of 10.34, 11.58, and 9.74 μM, respectively. The inhibition of CYP2D6 and 2E1 was competitive with the Ki value of 5.66 and 5.29 μM, respectively. While the inhibition of CYP3A4 was non-competitive with the Ki value of 4.87 μM. Moreover, the inhibition of CYP3A4 was time-dependent with the KI and Kinact values of 0.635 μM-1 and 0.0373 min-1, respectively.Tubeimoside I served as a competitive inhibitor of CYP2D6 and 2E1 exerting weak inhibition and a non-competitive inhibitor of CYP3A4 exerting moderate inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Zhongye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Baoshan Luodian Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunjiao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Baoshan Luodian Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuxia Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Baoshan Luodian Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaxin Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Baoshan Luodian Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Bone and Joint Rehabilitation, The Second Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Department of Bone and Joint Rehabilitation, The Second Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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Ye F, Li X, Ni J, Xu X, Luo J, Zhong Y, Wang Y, Wang S, Zhang Y, Hu G, Qian J. Gene Polymorphisms and Drug-Drug Interactions Determine the Metabolic Profile of Blonanserin. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:190-200. [PMID: 37863485 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) gene polymorphism and drug interaction on the metabolism of blonanserin. Human recombinant CYP3A4 was prepared using the Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system. A microsomal enzyme reaction system was established, and drug-drug interactions were evaluated using Sprague-Dawley rats. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to detect the concentrations of blonanserin and its metabolite. Compared with wild type CYP34A, the relative clearance of blonanserin by CYP3A4.29 significantly increased to 251.3%, while it decreased notably with CYP3A4.4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 23, 24, 28, 31, 33, and 34, ranging from 6.09% to 63.34%. Among 153 tested drugs, nimodipine, felodipine, and amlodipine were found to potently inhibit the metabolism of blonanserin. Moreover, the inhibitory potency of nimodipine, felodipine, and amlodipine varied with different CYP3A4 variants. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration and enzymatic kinetics assay demonstrated that the metabolism of blonanserin was noncompetitively inhibited by nimodipine in rat liver microsomes and was inhibited in a mixed manner by felodipine and amlodipine in both rat liver microsomes and human liver microsomes. When nimodipine and felodipine were coadministered with blonanserin, the area under the blood concentration-time curve (AUC)(0-t), AUC(0-∞), and C max of blonanserin increased. When amlodipine and blonanserin were combined, the C max of blonanserin C increased remarkably. The vast majority of CYP3A4 variants have a low ability to catalyze blonanserin. With combined administration of nimodipine, felodipine, and amlodipine, the elimination of blonanserin was inhibited. This study provides the basis for individualized clinical use of blonanserin. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The enzyme kinetics of novel CYP3A4 enzymes for metabolizing blonanserin were investigated. Clearance of blonanserin by CYP3A4.4, 5, 7-10, 12-14, 16-18, 23-24, 28, 31, 33, and 34 decreased notably, but increased with CYP3A4.29. Additionally, we established a drug interaction spectrum for blonanserin, in which nimodipine, felodipine, and amlodipine kinetics exhibited mixed inhibition. Moreover, their inhibitory potencies decreased with CYP3A4.4 and 5 compared to CYP3A4.1. This study provides essential data for personalized clinical use of blonanserin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ye
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinhuan Ni
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianchao Luo
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunshan Zhong
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yahui Wang
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoxin Hu
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianchang Qian
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Zhang X, Mu H, Zhong Y, Wang R, Li W. Effect of High Altitude Environment on Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic of Warfarin in Rats. Curr Drug Metab 2024; 25:54-62. [PMID: 38409697 DOI: 10.2174/0113892002277930240201101256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High altitude environment affects the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of drugs and the PK parameters are an important theoretical basis for guiding the rational clinical use of drugs. Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant of the coumarin class commonly used in clinical practice, but it has a narrow therapeutic window and wide individual variation. However, the effect of high altitude environment on PK and pharmacodynamic (PD) of warfarin is unclear. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of a high altitude environment on PK and PD of warfarin in rats. METHOD Rats were randomly divided into plain group and high altitude group and blood samples were collected through the orbital venous plexus after administration of 2 mg/kg warfarin. Warfarin concentrations in plasma samples were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and PK parameters were calculated by the non-compartment model using WinNonlin 8.1 software. Meanwhile, the expression of PXR, P-gp and CYP2C9 in liver tissues was also determined by western blotting. The effect of high altitude environment on PD of warfarin was explored by measuring activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) values and then calculated international normalized ratio (INR) values based on PT. RESULTS Significant changes in PK behaviors and PD of warfarin in high altitude-rats were observed. Compared with the plain-rats, the peak concentration (Cmax) and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) increased significantly by 50.9% and 107.46%, respectively. At the same time, high altitude environment significantly inhibited the expression of PXR, P-gp and CYP2C9 in liver tissues. The results of the PD study showed that high altitude environments significantly prolonged PT, APTT and INR values. CONCLUSION High altitude environment inhibited the metabolism and increased the absorption of warfarin in rats and increased the effect of anticoagulant effect, suggesting that the optimal dose of warfarin for patients at high altitude should be reassessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongfang Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, China
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10
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Zhang R, Wang Y, Wu A, Wang J, Zhang J. Strategies of targeting CYP51 for IFIs therapy: Emerging prospects, opportunities and challenges. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115658. [PMID: 37480712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
CYP51, a monooxygenase associated with the sterol synthesis pathway, is responsible for the catalysis of the 14-methyl hydroxylation reaction of lanosterol precursors. This enzyme is widely present in microorganisms, plants, and mammals. In mammals, CYP51 plays a role in cholesterol production, oligodendrocyte formation, oocyte maturation, and spermatogenesis. In fungal cells, CYP51 is an enzyme that synthesizes membrane sterols. By inhibiting fungal CYP51, ergosterol synthesis can be inhibited and ergosterol membrane fluidity is altered, resulting in fungal cell apoptosis. Thus, targeting CYP51 is a reliable antifungal strategy with important implications for the treatment of invasive fungal infections (IFIs). Many CYP51 inhibitors have been approved by the FDA for clinical treatment. However, several limitations of CYP51 inhibitors remain to be resolved, including fungal resistance, hepatotoxicity, and drug-drug interactions. New broad-spectrum, anti-resistant, highly selective CYP51 inhibitors are expected to be developed to enhance clinical efficacy and minimize adverse effects. Herein, we summarize the structural features and biological functions of CYP51 and emphatically analyze the structure-activity relationship (SAR) and therapeutic potential of different chemical types of small-molecule CYP51 inhibitors. We also discuss the latest progress of novel strategies, providing insights into new drugs targeting CYP51 for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruofei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Aijia Wu
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, 38163, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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11
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Lebedev SS, Tavobilov MM, Karpov AA, Abramov KA, Bochkov PO, Shevchenko RV, Denisenko NP, Shabunin AV, Sychev DA. Cytochrome P450 3A4 activity and genetic variants as predictors of liver failure in patients with obstructive jaundice. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:229-235. [PMID: 37573895 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Liver failure in patients with obstructive jaundice is a significant contributor to mortality within this patient cohort. The exact mechanism and triggers of this occurrence are yet to be fully understood. With this in mind, our study aimed to assess the correlation between the urinary 6 β-OHC/C ratio and various biochemical parameters of liver function. Furthermore, we conducted genotyping of CYP3A4*22 (rs35599367), CYP3A5*3 (rs776746) polymorphic markers to investigate the potential effects of their variants on the probability of liver failure in obstructive jaundice. Our study included 75 patients diagnosed with severe obstructive jaundice. All test subjects underwent functional liver tests, and control blood tests were administered on the seventh day following biliary decompression. Patients were categorized into two groups: group 1 - patients without liver failure (n = 60) and group 2 - patients with liver failure (n = 15). Laboratory indexes such as 6 β -OHC concentration and 6 β- OHC/cortisol ratio can serve as significant predictors of liver failure in patients with moderate and severe degree obstructive jaundice after biliary decompression. Based on the study of "wild" and polymorphic variants of CYP3A4*22 (CC and CT) and polymorphism of CYP3A5*3A6986G (GG, GA, AA), it was discovered that liver failure in the CYP3A4*22 variant may be associated with the CC genotype, and in the CYP3A5*3 variant - with the GA genotype. Hence, the determination of 6β- OHC concentration and 6β- OHC/C ratio, as well as the analysis of polymorphic and "wild" variants of CYP3A4*22 (CC and CT) and CYP3A5*3 polymorphism A6986G (GG, GA, AA), may play a crucial role in predicting liver failure in patients with obstructive jaundice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey S Lebedev
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, st. Barrikadnaya, 2/1, Russia; Botkin Hospital, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, st. 2nd Botkinsky proezd, 5, Russia
| | - Mikhail M Tavobilov
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, st. Barrikadnaya, 2/1, Russia; Botkin Hospital, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, st. 2nd Botkinsky proezd, 5, Russia
| | - Alexey A Karpov
- Botkin Hospital, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, st. 2nd Botkinsky proezd, 5, Russia
| | - Kirill A Abramov
- Botkin Hospital, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, st. 2nd Botkinsky proezd, 5, Russia.
| | - Pavel O Bochkov
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, st. Barrikadnaya, 2/1, Russia
| | - Roman V Shevchenko
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, st. Barrikadnaya, 2/1, Russia
| | - Natalia P Denisenko
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, st. Barrikadnaya, 2/1, Russia
| | - Alexey V Shabunin
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, st. Barrikadnaya, 2/1, Russia; Botkin Hospital, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, st. 2nd Botkinsky proezd, 5, Russia
| | - Dmitri A Sychev
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, st. Barrikadnaya, 2/1, Russia
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12
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Gu S, Luo Q, Wen C, Zhang Y, Liu L, Liu L, Liu S, Chen C, Lei Q, Zeng S. Application of Advanced Technologies-Nanotechnology, Genomics Technology, and 3D Printing Technology-In Precision Anesthesia: A Comprehensive Narrative Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2289. [PMID: 37765258 PMCID: PMC10535504 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been increasing interest and rapid developments in precision medicine, which is a new medical concept and model based on individualized medicine with the joint application of genomics, bioinformatics engineering, and big data science. By applying numerous emerging medical frontier technologies, precision medicine could allow individualized and precise treatment for specific diseases and patients. This article reviews the application and progress of advanced technologies in the anesthesiology field, in which nanotechnology and genomics can provide more personalized anesthesia protocols, while 3D printing can yield more patient-friendly anesthesia supplies and technical training materials to improve the accuracy and efficiency of decision-making in anesthesiology. The objective of this manuscript is to analyze the recent scientific evidence on the application of nanotechnology in anesthesiology. It specifically focuses on nanomedicine, precision medicine, and clinical anesthesia. In addition, it also includes genomics and 3D printing. By studying the current research and advancements in these advanced technologies, this review aims to provide a deeper understanding of the potential impact of these advanced technologies on improving anesthesia techniques, personalized pain management, and advancing precision medicine in the field of anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Qingyong Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Cen Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Su Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Chunhua Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qian Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Si Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
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13
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Wang L, Gu H, Chen K. Effect of ophiopogonin D on the pharmacokinetics and transport of cryptotanshinone during their co-administration and the potential mechanism. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:557-563. [PMID: 37291736 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cryptotanshinone and ophiopogonin D are sourced from herbs with similar indications. It is necessary to evaluate their interaction to provide a reference for their clinical prescriptions. The co-administration of cryptotanshinone (30 and 60 mg/kg) and ophiopogonin D was carried out in Sprague-Dawley rats and the pharmacokinetics of cryptotanshinone were analyzed. The Caco-2 cells were employed to evaluate the transport of cryptotanshinone, and the metabolic stability was studied in the rat liver microsomes. Ophiopogonin D significantly increased the Cmax (from 5.56 ± 0.26 to 8.58 ± 0.71 μg/mL and from 15.99 ± 1.81 to 185.12 ± 1.43 μg/mL), half-life (21.72 ± 10.63 vs. 11.47 ± 3.62 h and 12.58 ± 5.97 vs. 8.75 ± 2.71 h) and decreased the clearance rate (0.697 ± 0.36 vs. 1.71 ± 0.15 L/h/kg) and (60 mg/kg and 0.101 ± 0.02 vs. 0.165 ± 0.05 L/h/kg) of cryptotanshinone. In vitro, ophiopogonin D significantly suppressed the transport of cryptotanshinone with the decreasing efflux rate and enhanced the metabolic stability with the reducing intrinsic clearance. The combination of cryptotanshinone and ophiopogonin D induced prolonged exposure and suppressed the transport of cryptotanshinone, which indicated the decreased bioavailability of cryptotanshinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Pharmacy Management Section, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Gu
- Pharmacy Management Section, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaixia Chen
- Pharmacy Management Section, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China
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14
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Guo JW, Cheng YP, Lim CJ, Liu CY, Jee SH. A Promising Approach to Treat Psoriasis: Inhibiting Cytochrome P450 3A4 Metabolism to Enhance Desoximetasone Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2016. [PMID: 37631230 PMCID: PMC10458942 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Human keratinocytes and murine skin express various cytochrome P450 enzymes. These include cytochrome P450 3A4, which may participate in the metabolism of cytochrome P450 3A4 substrate drugs. Desoximetasone, a topical corticosteroid and cytochrome P450 3A4 substrate, is used to treat skin conditions such as skin allergies, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-psoriatic effect of a low dose of desoximetasone by inhibiting cytochrome P450 3A4 metabolism in the epidermis. (2) Methods: Psoriasis-like skin was induced in BALB/c mice via the topical administration of imiquimod. The mice were then topically treated with 0.01-0.05% desoximetasone loaded into a cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme inhibitor excipient base emollient microemulsion, 0.25% commercial desoximetasone ointment, or 0.5 mg/gm clobetasol ointment. (3) Results: The topical application of 0.05% desoximetasone loaded into a cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme inhibitor excipient base emollient formulation restored the imiquimod-induced skin barrier disruption and resulted in fewer severe clinical and pathological features compared with the treatments with 0.25% commercial desoximetasone ointment and 0.5 mg/gm clobetasol ointment. (4) Conclusions: The cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme inhibitor excipient base emollient formulation improved and prolonged the therapeutic effect of cytochrome P450 3A4 substrate drugs and may be a promising approach for psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Wen Guo
- Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Pin Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan;
| | - Cherng-Jyr Lim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Yi Liu
- Division of Pathology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City 22174, Taiwan;
| | - Shiou-Hwa Jee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
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15
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Westra N, Touw D, Lub-de Hooge M, Kosterink J, Oude Munnink T. Pharmacokinetic Boosting of Kinase Inhibitors. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041149. [PMID: 37111635 PMCID: PMC10146729 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Introduction: Pharmacokinetic boosting of kinase inhibitors can be a strategy to enhance drug exposure and to reduce dose and associated treatment costs. Most kinase inhibitors are predominantly metabolized by CYP3A4, enabling boosting using CYP3A4 inhibition. Kinase inhibitors with food enhanced absorption can be boosted using food optimized intake schedules. The aim of this narrative review is to provide answers to the following questions: Which different boosting strategies can be useful in boosting kinase inhibitors? Which kinase inhibitors are potential candidates for either CYP3A4 or food boosting? Which clinical studies on CYP3A4 or food boosting have been published or are ongoing? (2) Methods: PubMed was searched for boosting studies of kinase inhibitors. (3) Results/Discussion: This review describes 13 studies on exposure boosting of kinase inhibitors. Boosting strategies included cobicistat, ritonavir, itraconazole, ketoconazole, posaconazole, grapefruit juice and food. Clinical trial design for conducting pharmacokinetic boosting trials and risk management is discussed. (4) Conclusion: Pharmacokinetic boosting of kinase inhibitors is a promising, rapidly evolving and already partly proven strategy to increase drug exposure and to potentially reduce treatment costs. Therapeutic drug monitoring can be of added value in guiding boosted regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Westra
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan Touw
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn Lub-de Hooge
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Kosterink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- PharmacoTherapy, Epidemiology & Economics, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs Oude Munnink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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16
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Darnaud L, Delage C, Daali Y, Trouvin AP, Perrot S, Khoudour N, Merise N, Labat L, Etain B, Bellivier F, Lloret-Linares C, Bloch V, Curis E, Declèves X. Phenotyping Indices of CYP450 and P-Glycoprotein in Human Volunteers and in Patients Treated with Painkillers or Psychotropic Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030979. [PMID: 36986840 PMCID: PMC10054647 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters are key determinants of drug pharmacokinetics and response. The cocktail-based cytochrome P450 (CYP) and drug transporter phenotyping approach consists in the administration of multiple CYP or transporter-specific probe drugs to determine their activities simultaneously. Several drug cocktails have been developed over the past two decades in order to assess CYP450 activity in human subjects. However, phenotyping indices were mostly established for healthy volunteers. In this study, we first performed a literature review of 27 clinical pharmacokinetic studies using drug phenotypic cocktails in order to determine 95%,95% tolerance intervals of phenotyping indices in healthy volunteers. Then, we applied these phenotypic indices to 46 phenotypic assessments processed in patients having therapeutic issues when treated with painkillers or psychotropic drugs. Patients were given the complete phenotypic cocktail in order to explore the phenotypic activity of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A, and P-glycoprotein (P-gp). P-gp activity was evaluated by determining AUC0-6h for plasma concentrations over time of fexofenadine, a well-known substrate of P-gp. CYP metabolic activities were assessed by measuring the CYP-specific metabolite/parent drug probe plasma concentrations, yielding single-point metabolic ratios at 2 h, 3 h, and 6 h or AUC0-6h ratio after oral administration of the cocktail. The amplitude of phenotyping indices observed in our patients was much wider than those observed in the literature for healthy volunteers. Our study helps define the range of phenotyping indices with "normal" activities in human volunteers and allows classification of patients for further clinical studies regarding CYP and P-gp activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Darnaud
- Biologie du Médicament-Toxicologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, 27 rue du Faubourg St. Jacques, 75679 Paris, France
| | - Clément Delage
- Faculty of Health, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, UMRS-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France
- Service de Pharmacie, Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Youssef Daali
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Serge Perrot
- Centre de la Douleur, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, 75679 Paris, France
| | - Nihel Khoudour
- Biologie du Médicament-Toxicologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, 27 rue du Faubourg St. Jacques, 75679 Paris, France
| | - Nadia Merise
- Biologie du Médicament-Toxicologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, 27 rue du Faubourg St. Jacques, 75679 Paris, France
| | - Laurence Labat
- Faculty of Health, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, UMRS-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Etain
- Faculty of Health, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, UMRS-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Hôpital GHU Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Frank Bellivier
- Faculty of Health, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, UMRS-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Hôpital GHU Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
| | | | - Vanessa Bloch
- Faculty of Health, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, UMRS-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France
- Service de Pharmacie, Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Curis
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Cité, UR 7537 BioSTM, 75006 Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'hématologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Xavier Declèves
- Biologie du Médicament-Toxicologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, 27 rue du Faubourg St. Jacques, 75679 Paris, France
- Faculty of Health, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, UMRS-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France
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Wang Z, Li QQ, Huang CK, Dong YY, Lang LP, Sun W, Qian JC, Zhang XD. Determination of CYP450 activities in diabetes mellitus rats by a UHPLC-MS/MS method. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 224:115191. [PMID: 36512868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of type 1 diabetes mellitus on the modulation of the activities of CYP450s in dynamics by a UHPLC-MS/MS method. The diabetic rat model was constructed by an intraperitoneal single injection of streptozotocin. Fasting blood glucose levels > 16.7 mmol/L were considered as diabetic. The rats were given a cocktail of four probe drugs (10 mg/kg phenacetin, 1 mg/kg tolbutamide, 10 mg/kg metoprolol, and 10 mg/kg midazolam) by oral administration for the pharmacokinetic study. Thereafter, the metabolic ratio (MR) of the metabolites to probe substrates were determined. The results indicated that two weeks after diabetes was induced, diabetes increased the MRs of acetaminophen/phenacetin (CYP1A2) and 4-hydroxyl tolbutamide/tolbutamide (CYP2C9); however, it decreased the MRs of α-hydroxy metoprolol/metoprolol (CYP2D6) and 1-hydroxy midazolam/midazolam (CYP3A4). Two months after diabetes was induced, diabetes increased the MRs of acetaminophen/phenacetin and 4-hydroxyl tolbutamide/tolbutamide. The MR of α-hydroxy metoprolol/metoprolol was decreased and the MR of 1-hydroxy midazolam/midazolam was increased but the difference was not significant. According to the results, CYP1A2 and CYP2C9 activities were enhanced in the diabetic rats. and CYP2D6 activity was inhibited in a short period of diabetes; however, the decrease in CYP2D6 activity was not significant in the long period. CYP3A4 activity was decreased in a short period of diabetes and increased in a long period of diabetes but was not significant in the two periods. This study suggests the activity change rule of the CYP450 enzyme system in diabetes mellitus, which can provide a reference for precise clinical medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Qing-Qing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Cheng-Ke Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yan-Yan Dong
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Li-Ping Lang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Jian-Chang Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Xiao-Dan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
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18
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Mo Y, Lu Y, Guo F, Wu A, Weng Y. Analysis of CYP2C19 gene polymorphism and influencing factors of pharmacological response of clopidogrel in patients with cerebral infarction in Zhejiang, China. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1020593. [PMID: 36818341 PMCID: PMC9931738 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1020593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Certain genetic and non-genetic factors may cause damaged platelet inhibition by clopidogrel. We aimed to determine the effect of cytochrome P4502C19 (CYP2C19) polymorphism, along with other clinical factors, on the platelet response to clopidogrel in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods A total of 214 patients with AIS receiving clopidogrel at a maintenance dose of 75 mg daily admitted to the Ningbo First Hospital between 1 January 2020, and 31 December 2021, were enrolled. Platelet aggregation analysis was performed to determine clopidogrel resistance. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) was used to determine CYP2C19 genotype. Other laboratory data on complete blood count and biochemical parameters were taken from patient medical files. Results Among the 214 AIS patients treated with clopidogrel in the Ningbo population, the incidence of clopidogrel resistance was approximately 43.9%, and the distribution of CYP2C19 genotypes was highest for CYP2C19(*1/*2) (43.0%), followed by CYP2C19 (*1/*1) (38.8%). The distribution of alleles *1, *2, *3, and *17 was 62.1, 32.5, 4.9, and 0.5%, respectively. A chi-squared test showed that the gene frequencies of alleles *2 and *3 were significantly higher in the clopidogrel-resistant group than in the clopidogrel-sensitive group (p < 0.001), and a Mann-Whitney U-test showed that high HCY levels were significantly correlated with clopidogrel resistance (p < 0.001). Multi-factor logistic regression analysis demonstrated that mutant heterozygous genotype [OR 2.893; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.456-5.748; p = 0.002], mutant homozygous genotype (OR 4.741; 95% CI 1.828-12.298; p = 0.001), and high HCY levels (OR 1.209; 95% CI 1.072-1.362; p = 0.002) were significantly associated with clopidogrel resistance. Conclusion According to our results, carrying the CYP2C19*2/*3 allele and high HCY levels are independent risk factors for clopidogrel resistance after clopidogrel therapy in patients with AIS. These two factors should be considered prior to clopidogrel administration.
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Wang Z, Nie Y, Yu S, Chen L, Zhang L, Zhu W, Zhou Z, Diao J. Consolidation of temperature-dependent toxicity and thermoregulatory behavior into risk assessments of insecticides under thermal scenarios: A prospective study on Eremias argus. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 172:107742. [PMID: 36669286 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the temperature-dependent chemical toxicity of three insecticides and the resulting thermoregulatory (TR) behavior of the lizard Eremias argus have been consolidated into the current risk assessment framework. According to acute dermal toxicity assays, an increase of ambient temperature from 15 °C to 35 °C decreased the acute dermal toxicity of beta-cyfluthrin (BC) but increased the toxicity of chlorpyrifos (CPF). The toxicity of avermectin (AVM) did not show significant temperature-dependent responses. Based on thermal preference trials, lizards changed their body temperature via TR behavior to adaptively reduce toxicity under sub-lethal doses, which can be understood as a "self-rescue" behavior attenuating lethal effects. However, the risk quotient indicated that the effectiveness of this "self-rescue" behavior is limited. Metabolomics analysis showed that six different metabolites (i.e., creatine, glutamate, succinate, N-acetylaspartate, acetylcholine, and lactate) contributed to TR behavior changes. Biochemical assays and insecticide residue results demonstrated that the temperature-dependent toxicity of BC, CPF, and AVM affected lizards in the three aspects of biotransformation, oxidative stress, and neurometabolic interference. This work clarifies the ecotoxicological impacts of representative insecticides on reptiles from toxicological understanding to risk relevance. This knowledge may improve ecological predictions of agrochemical applications in the context of global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikang Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yufan Nie
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Simin Yu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Chen
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Luyao Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinling Diao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China.
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20
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Xu M, Liu P, Huang Q, Xu S, Dumont HJ, Han BP. High-quality genome of Diaphanosoma dubium provides insights into molecular basis of its broad ecological adaptation. iScience 2023; 26:106006. [PMID: 36798432 PMCID: PMC9926121 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diaphanosoma dubium Manuilova, 1964, is a widespread planktonic water flea in Asian freshwater. Although sharing similar ecological roles with species of Daphnia, studies on D. dubium and its congeners are still few and lacking a genome for the further studies. Here, we assembled a high quality and chromosome level genome of D. dubium by combining long reads sequencing and Hi-C technologies. The total length of assembled genome was 101.8 Mb, with 98.92 Mb (97.2%) anchored into 22 chromosomes. Through comparative genomic analysis, we found the genes, involved in anti-ROS, detoxification, protein digestion, germ cells regulation and protection, underwent expansion in D. dubium. These genes and their expansion helpfully explain its widespread geographical distribution and dominance in eutrophic waters. This study provides insight into the adaptive evolution of D. dubium at genomic perspectives, and the present high quality genomic resource will be a footstone for future omics studies of the species and its congeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China,College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shaolin Xu
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Henri J. Dumont
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China,Ghent University, Department of Biology, Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bo-Ping Han
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China,Corresponding author
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21
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Li S, Yang R, Yin N, Zhao M, Zhang S, Faiola F. Developmental toxicity assessments for TBBPA and its commonly used analogs with a human embryonic stem cell liver differentiation model. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136924. [PMID: 36272632 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is widely used in industrial production as a halogenated flame retardant (HFR). Its substitutes and derivatives are also commonly employed as HFRs. Consequently, they can be frequently detected in environmental and human samples. The potential developmental toxicity of TBBPA and its analogs, particularly to the human liver, is still controversial or not thoroughly assessed. Therefore, in this study, we focused on the early stages of human liver development to explore the toxic effects of those HFRs, by using a human embryonic stem cell liver differentiation model. We concluded that nanomolar treatments (1, 10, and 100 nM) of those pollutants may not exert significant interference to liver development and functions. However, at 5 μM doses, TBBPA and its analogs severely affected liver functions, such as glycogen storage, and caused lipid accumulation. Furthermore, TBBPA-bis(allyl ether) showed the most drastic effects among the six compounds tested. Taken together, our findings support the view that TBBPA can be used safely, provided its amounts are strictly controlled. Nonetheless, TBBPA alternatives or derivatives may exhibit stronger adverse effects than TBBPA itself, and may not be safer choices for manufacturing applications when utilized in a large and unrestricted way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Renjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nuoya Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Miaomiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuxian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Francesco Faiola
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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22
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Zhang Q, Qi Y, Wang S, Zhao F, Zou L, Zhou Q, Geng P, Hong Y, Yang H, Luo Q, Cai J, Wu H, Wang D, Chen H, Yang J, Dai D. Identification and in vitro functional assessment of 10 CYP2C9 variants found in Chinese Han subjects. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1139805. [PMID: 37008923 PMCID: PMC10052410 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1139805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) participates in about 15% of clinical drug metabolism, and its polymorphism is associated with individual drug metabolism differences, which may lead to the adverse drug reactions (ADRs). In this study, 1163 Chinese Han individuals were recruited to investigate their distribution pattern of CYP2C9 gene and find out the variants that may affect their drug metabolic activities. We successfully developed a multiplex PCR amplicon sequencing method and used it for the genetic screening of CYP2C9 in a large scale. Besides the wild type CYP2C9*1, totally 26 allelic variants of CYP2C9 were detected, which included 16 previously reported alleles and 10 new non-synonymous variants that had not been listed on the PharmVar website. The characteristics of these newly detected CYP2C9 variants were then evaluated after co-expressing them with CYPOR in S. cerevisiae microsomes. Immunoblot analysis revealed that except for Pro163Ser, Glu326Lys, Gly431Arg and Ile488Phe, most of newly detected variants showed comparable protein expression levels to wild type in yeast cells. Two typical CYP2C9 probe drugs, losartan and glimepiride, were then used for the evaluation of metabolic activities of variants. As a result, 3 variants Thr301Met, Glu326Lys, and Gly431Arg almost lost their catalytic activities and most of other variants exhibited significantly elevated activities for drug metabolism. Our data not only enriches the knowledge of naturally occurring CYP2C9 variants in the Chinese Han population, but also provides the fundamental evidence for its potential clinical usage for personalized medicine in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuying Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuanghu Wang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People’s Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, China
| | - Fangling Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Zou
- Department of Cardiovascular, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People’s Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, China
| | - Peiwu Geng
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People’s Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, China
| | - Yun Hong
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qingfeng Luo
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Hualan Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dapeng Dai, ; Jiefu Yang, ; Hao Chen,
| | - Jiefu Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dapeng Dai, ; Jiefu Yang, ; Hao Chen,
| | - Dapeng Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dapeng Dai, ; Jiefu Yang, ; Hao Chen,
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23
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Zhao FL, Zhang Q, Wang SH, Hong Y, Zhou S, Zhou Q, Geng PW, Luo QF, Yang JF, Chen H, Cai JP, Dai DP. Identification and drug metabolic characterization of four new CYP2C9 variants CYP2C9*72- *75 in the Chinese Han population. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1007268. [PMID: 36582532 PMCID: PMC9792615 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1007268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome 2C9 (CYP2C9), one of the most important drug metabolic enzymes in the human hepatic P450 superfamily, is required for the metabolism of 15% of clinical drugs. Similar to other CYP2C family members, CYP2C9 gene has a high genetic polymorphism which can cause significant racial and inter-individual differences in drug metabolic activity. To better understand the genetic distribution pattern of CYP2C9 in the Chinese Han population, 931 individuals were recruited and used for the genotyping in this study. As a result, seven synonymous and 14 non-synonymous variations were identified, of which 4 missense variants were designated as new alleles CYP2C9*72, *73, *74 and *75, resulting in the amino acid substitutions of A149V, R150C, Q214H and N418T, respectively. When expressed in insect cell microsomes, all four variants exhibited comparable protein expression levels to that of the wild-type CYP2C9 enzyme. However, drug metabolic activity analysis revealed that these variants exhibited significantly decreased catalytic activities toward three CYP2C9 specific probe drugs, as compared with that of the wild-type enzyme. These data indicate that the amino acid substitution in newly designated variants can cause reduced function of the enzyme and its clinical significance still needs further investigation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Ling Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China,Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang-Hu Wang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People’s Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, China
| | - Yun Hong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Zhou
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People’s Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, China
| | - Pei-Wu Geng
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People’s Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, China
| | - Qing-Feng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie-Fu Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Da-Peng Dai, ; Jian-Ping Cai, ; Hao Chen,
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Da-Peng Dai, ; Jian-Ping Cai, ; Hao Chen,
| | - Da-Peng Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China,Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Da-Peng Dai, ; Jian-Ping Cai, ; Hao Chen,
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Song H, Wei C, Yang W, Niu Z, Gong M, Hu H, Wang H. Alpinetin suppresses CYP3A4, 2C9, and 2E1 activity in vitro. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1032-1037. [PMID: 35634649 PMCID: PMC9154758 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2071450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Alpinetin, the major active constitutes of Alpinia katsumata Hayata (Zingiberaceae), has been demonstrated to possess the activity of anti-breast cancer. Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450s) plays vital roles in the biotransformation of various drugs. OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of alpinetin on the activity of CYP450s and estimate the inhibition characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS The activity of CYP450s was evaluated in pooled human liver microsomes with corresponding substrates and marker reactions. The effect of alpinetin was compared with blank control (negative control) and corresponding inhibitors (positive control). The dose-dependent and time-dependent experiments were conducted in the presence of 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 μM alpinetin and incubated for 0, 5, 10, 15, and 30 min. RESULTS Alpinetin suppressed CYP3A4, 2C9, and 2E1 activity. All the inhibitions were significantly influenced by alpinetin contration with the IC50 values of 8.23 μM (CYP3A4), 12.64 μM (CYP2C9), and 10.97 μM (CYP2E1), respectively. The inhibition of CYP3A4 was fitted with the non-competitive model with a Ki value of 4.09 μM and was time-dependent with KI and Kinact values of 4.67 min and 0.041 μM-1, respectively. While CYP2C9 and 2E1 were inhibited by alpinetin competitively with Ki values of 6.42 (CYP2C9) and 5.40 μM (CYP2E1), respectively, in a time-independent manner. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The in vitro inhibitory effect of alpineticn on CYP3A, 2C9, and 2E1 implied the potential interaction of alpinetin or its origin herbs with the drugs metabolised by those CYP450s, which needs further in vivo validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Song
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuankui Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wu Yang
- Department of International Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaohe Niu
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingkai Gong
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
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Oliveira GM, Dionísio TJ, Siqueira-Sandrin VS, Ferrari LADL, Bolani B, Parisi VA, Polanco NLDH, Colombini-Ishikiriama BL, Faria FAC, Santos CF, Calvo AM. CYP2C9 Polymorphism Influence in PK/PD Model of Naproxen and 6-O-Desmethylnaproxen in Oral Fluid. Metabolites 2022; 12:1106. [PMID: 36422246 PMCID: PMC9694679 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms in CYP2C9 can significantly interfere with the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including naproxen. The present research aimed to study the PK/PD parameters of naproxen and its metabolite, 6-O-desmethylnaproxen, associated with allelic variations of CYP2C9. In our study, a rapid, selective, and sensitive Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of naproxen and its main metabolite, 6-O-desmethylnaproxen, in oral fluid. Naproxen and its main metabolite were separated using a Shim-Pack XR-ODS 75L × 2.0 column and C18 pre-column at 40 °C using a mixture of methanol and 10 mM ammonium acetate (70:30, v/v), with an injection flow of 0.3 mL/min. The total analytical run time was 3 min. The volunteers, previously genotyped for CYP2C9 (16 ancestral—CYP2C9 *1 and 12 with the presence of polymorphism—CYP2C9 *2 or *3), had their oral fluids collected sequentially before and after taking a naproxen tablet (500 mg) at the following times: 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 8, 11, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. Significant differences in the PK parameters (* p < 0.05) of naproxen in the oral fluid were: Vd/F (L): 98.86 (55.58−322.07) and 380.22 (261.84−1097.99); Kel (1/h): 0.84 (0.69−1.34) and 1.86 (1.09−4.06), in ancestral and mutated CYP2C9 *2 and/or *3, respectively. For 6-O-desmethylnaproxen, no PK parameters were significantly different between groups. The analysis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) proved to be effective and sensitive for PD parameters analysis and showed higher levels in the mutated group (p < 0.05). Both naproxen and its main metabolite, 6-O-desmethylnaproxen, and PGE2 in oral fluid can be effectively quantified using LC-MS/MS after a 500 mg oral dose of naproxen. Our method proved to be effective and sensitive to determine the lower limit of quantification of naproxen and its metabolite, 6-O-desmethylnaproxen, in oral fluid (2.4 ng/mL). All validation data, such as accuracy, precision, and repeatability intra- and inter-assay, were less than 15%. Allelic variations of CYP2C9 may be considered relevant in the PK of naproxen and its main metabolite, 6-O-desmethylnaproxen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adriana Maria Calvo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, São Paulo, Brazil
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26
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Klyushova LS, Perepechaeva ML, Grishanova AY. The Role of CYP3A in Health and Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2686. [PMID: 36359206 PMCID: PMC9687714 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CYP3A is an enzyme subfamily in the cytochrome P450 (CYP) superfamily and includes isoforms CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP3A7, and CYP3A43. CYP3A enzymes are indiscriminate toward substrates and are unique in that these enzymes metabolize both endogenous compounds and diverse xenobiotics (including drugs); almost the only common characteristic of these compounds is lipophilicity and a relatively large molecular weight. CYP3A enzymes are widely expressed in human organs and tissues, and consequences of these enzymes' activities play a major role both in normal regulation of physiological levels of endogenous compounds and in various pathological conditions. This review addresses these aspects of regulation of CYP3A enzymes under physiological conditions and their involvement in the initiation and progression of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria L. Perepechaeva
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Timakova Str. 2, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Wang D, Yong L, Zhang Q, Chen H. Impact of CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms on warfarin dose requirement: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pharmacogenomics 2022; 23:903-911. [PMID: 36222113 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2022-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Various genetic factors influence warfarin maintenance dose. Methods: A literature search was performed on PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library, and a meta-analysis to analyze the impact of CYP2C19 polymorphisms on warfarin maintenance dose was conducted. Results: From nine studies encompassing 1393 patients, three CYP2C19 SNPs were identified: rs4244285, rs4986893 and rs3814637. Warfarin maintenance dose was significantly reduced by 10% in individuals with the rs4986893 A allele compared with the GG carriers and was 34%, 16% and 18% lower in patients with rs3814637 TT and CT genotypes and T allele, respectively, than that in CC carriers. No significant dose difference was observed among the rs4244285 genotypes. Conclusion: CYP2C19 rs4986893 and rs3814637 are associated with significantly reduced warfarin dose requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Wang
- Arrhythmia Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases & Fuwai Hospital, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Ling Yong
- Department of Pharmacy Administration & Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Beijing Hospital, National Centre of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular, Beijing Hospital, National Centre of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, China
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Huang L, Zhang X, Luo L, Mu H, Li W, Wang R. Effects of high-altitude environment on pharmacokinetic parameters of gliquidone in rats. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2022; 51:389-396. [PMID: 37202102 PMCID: PMC10264973 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2022-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of high-altitude hypoxia on the pharmacokinetics parameters of gliquidone. METHODS Twelve healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into plain group and high-altitude group with 6 rats in each group. Blood samples were collected after intragastric administration of gliquidone (6.3 mg/kg). Ultra-fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS/MS) was used to determine the concentration of gliquidone in rat plasma samples. And the expression of CYP2C9 in rat liver tissues was determined by Western blotting. RESULTS Compared with the plain group, the peak concentration of gliquidone in the high-altitude rats was significantly increased, the absorption rate constant was decreased, the elimination rate constant and the absorption half-life were increased, the elimination half-life was shortened, the mean residence time and apparent volume of distribution were decreased (all P<0.05). Western blotting showed that the expression of CYP2C9 was significantly up-regulated in the liver tissues of high altitude group rats, compared with the plain group (4.18 ±0.06 vs. 2.13±0.06, t=11.57, P<0.01). CONCLUSION Under the high-altitude hypoxia environment, the absorption of gliquidone in rats was reduced and the metabolism was accelerated in rats, which may be related to the up-regulation of CYP2C9 expression in liver tissues.
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Park JW, Kim JM, Lee HY, Noh J, Kim KA, Park JY. CYP3A5*3 and SLCO1B1 c.521T>C Polymorphisms Influence the Pharmacokinetics of Atorvastatin and 2-Hydroxy Atorvastatin. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071491. [PMID: 35890386 PMCID: PMC9323915 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a large variability in individual responses to atorvastatin administration. This study assessed the pharmacogenetic effects of solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 (SLCO1B1, c.388A>G and c.521T>C) and cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5, CYP3A5*3) genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin and its active metabolite, 2-hydroxy (2-OH) atorvastatin, in 46 individuals who were administered a clinically used single oral dosage of 80 mg. The Cmax and AUC of atorvastatin in CYP3A5*3/*3 carriers were 2.6- and 2.8-fold higher, respectively, than those in CYP3A5*1/*1 carriers, and similar results were observed for 2-OH atorvastatin pharmacokinetics. SLCO1B1 c.521T>C also increased the AUC of atorvastatin and 2-OH atorvastatin. The AUC ratio of atorvastatin and 2-OH atorvastatin were not affected by SLCO1B1 c.388A>G or c.521T>C, whereas CYP3A5*3 reduced the AUC ratio. In an analysis evaluating the simultaneous effect of the SLCO1B1 c.521T>C and CYP3A5*3 polymorphisms, SLCO1B1 c.521TT/CYP3A5*1/*1 carriers showed lower Cmax and AUC values for atorvastatin and 2-OH atorvastatin than in individuals with the SLCO1B1 c.521T>C and/or CYP3A5*3 genotypes. Among the participants with the SLCO1B1 c.521TT genotype, the CYP3A5*3 carriers had a higher systemic exposure to atorvastatin and 2-OH atorvastatin than the CYP3A5*1/*1 carriers. Thus, SLCO1B1 c.521T>C and CYP3A5*3 polymorphisms affect the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin and 2-OH atorvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Park
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea; (J.-W.P.); (J.-M.K.); (H.-Y.L.); (J.N.); (K.-A.K.)
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jong-Min Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea; (J.-W.P.); (J.-M.K.); (H.-Y.L.); (J.N.); (K.-A.K.)
| | - Hwa-Young Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea; (J.-W.P.); (J.-M.K.); (H.-Y.L.); (J.N.); (K.-A.K.)
| | - Jihyeon Noh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea; (J.-W.P.); (J.-M.K.); (H.-Y.L.); (J.N.); (K.-A.K.)
| | - Kyoung-Ah Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea; (J.-W.P.); (J.-M.K.); (H.-Y.L.); (J.N.); (K.-A.K.)
| | - Ji-Young Park
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea; (J.-W.P.); (J.-M.K.); (H.-Y.L.); (J.N.); (K.-A.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-02-920-6288
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Khojasteh SC, Argikar UA, Cho S, Crouch R, Heck CJS, Johnson KM, Kalgutkar AS, King L, Maw HH, Seneviratne HK, Wang S, Wei C, Zhang D, Jackson KD. Biotransformation Novel Advances - 2021 year in review. Drug Metab Rev 2022; 54:207-245. [PMID: 35815654 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2022.2097253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Biotransformation field is constantly evolving with new molecular structures and discoveries of metabolic pathways that impact efficacy and safety. Recent review by Kramlinger et al (2022) nicely captures the future (and the past) of highly impactful science of biotransformation (see the first article). Based on the selected articles, this review was categorized into three sections: (1) new modalities biotransformation, (2) drug discovery biotransformation, and (3) drug development biotransformation (Table 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cyrus Khojasteh
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, MS412a, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Upendra A Argikar
- Non-clinical Development, Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sungjoon Cho
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, MS412a, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Rachel Crouch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Carley J S Heck
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kevin M Johnson
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, MS412a, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Amit S Kalgutkar
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lloyd King
- Quantitative Drug Discovery, UCB Biopharma UK, 216 Bath Road, Slough, SL1 3WE, UK
| | - Hlaing Holly Maw
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, 06877, USA
| | - Herana Kamal Seneviratne
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, MS412a, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Cong Wei
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Biogen Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Donglu Zhang
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, MS412a, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Klarissa D Jackson
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Fang C, Ouyang W, Zeng Y, Pei Q, Xia Y, Luo S, Chen M. CYP2A6 and GABRA2 Gene Polymorphisms are Associated With Dexmedetomidine Drug Response. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:943200. [PMID: 35873555 PMCID: PMC9301121 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.943200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dexmedetomidine is a commonly used clinical sedative; however, the drug response varies among individuals. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore the association between dexmedetomidine response and gene polymorphisms related to drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug response (CYP2A6, UGT2B10, UGT1A4, ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C, GABRA1, GABRB2, and GLRA1). Methods: This study was a prospective cohort study. A total of 194 female patients aged 18–60 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score I-II, who underwent laparoscopy at the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, were included. The sedative effect was assessed every 2 min using the Ramsay score, and the patient’s heart rate decrease within 20 min was recorded. Peripheral blood was collected from each participant to identify genetic variants in the candidate genes of metabolic and drug effects using the Sequenom MassARRAY® platform. Furthermore, additional peripheral blood samples were collected from the first 99 participants at multiple time points after dexmedetomidine infusion to perform dexmedetomidine pharmacokinetic analysis by Phoenix® WinNonlin 7.0 software. Results: Carriers of the minor allele (C) of CYP2A6 rs28399433 had lower metabolic enzyme efficiency and higher plasma concentrations of dexmedetomidine. In addition, the participants were divided into dexmedetomidine sensitive or dexmedetomidine tolerant groups based on whether they had a Ramsay score of at least four within 20 min, and CYP2A6 rs28399433 was identified to have a significant influence on the dexmedetomidine sedation sensitivity by logistic regression with Plink software [p = 0.003, OR (95% CI): 0.27 (0.11–0.65)]. C allele carriers were more sensitive to the sedative effects of dexmedetomidine than A allele carriers. GABRA2 rs279847 polymorphism was significantly associated with the degree of the heart rate decrease. In particular, individuals with the GG genotype had a 4-fold higher risk of heart rate abnormality than carriers of the T allele (OR = 4.32, 95% CI: 1.96–9.50, p = 0.00027). Conclusion:CYP2A6 rs28399433 polymorphism affects the metabolic rate of dexmedetomidine and is associated with susceptibility to the sedative effects of dexmedetomidine; GABRA2 rs279847 polymorphism is significantly associated with the degree of the heart rate decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Ouyang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Youjie Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Pei
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuhao Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Siwan Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Minghua Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Minghua Chen,
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Zhu W, Wang J, Zhang Y. The Mechanism of Chlorantraniliprole Resistance and Detoxification in Trichogramma chilonis (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2022; 22:6651453. [PMID: 35903824 PMCID: PMC9334689 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieac044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic Trichogramma chilonis Ishii, an egg parasitoid of Grapholita molesta, is a critical agent for biological control of insect pests in crop plants. However, the efficiency of T. chilonis is influenced by its resistance to the common pesticide chlorantraniliprole. To elucidate the chlorantraniliprole detoxification mechanism, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to chlorantraniliprole resistance were studied at different developmental stages of the wasp. Individuals of T. chilonis were grouped and treated with chlorantraniliprole at different developmental stages. Untreated wasps were used as controls. Transcriptomic analysis identified the DEGs associated with chlorantraniliprole resistance and detoxification in T. chilonis. A total of 1,483 DEGs were associated with chlorantraniliprole resistance at all developmental stages. DEGs that correlated with chlorantraniliprole sensitivity of T. chilonis at different developmental stages were distinct and had various functions. The newly identified DEGs are involved in cytochrome P450- and glutathione metabolism-related pathways, which were predicted to contribute to chlorantraniliprole detoxification. Chlorantraniliprole detoxification by T. chilonis was associated with cytochrome P450- and glutathione-related pathways. Our findings may be useful for balancing chemical and biological control practices aimed to optimize agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
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Merino D, Fernandez A, Gérard AO, Ben Othman N, Rocher F, Askenazy F, Verstuyft C, Drici MD, Thümmler S. Adverse Drug Reactions of Olanzapine, Clozapine and Loxapine in Children and Youth: A Systematic Pharmacogenetic Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060749. [PMID: 35745668 PMCID: PMC9230864 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Children and youth treated with antipsychotic drugs (APs) are particularly vulnerable to adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and prone to poor treatment response. In particular, interindividual variations in drug exposure can result from differential metabolism of APs by cytochromes, subject to genetic polymorphism. CYP1A2 is pivotal in the metabolism of the APs olanzapine, clozapine, and loxapine, whose safety profile warrants caution. We aimed to shed some light on the pharmacogenetic profiles possibly associated with these drugs’ ADRs and loss of efficacy in children and youth. We conducted a systematic review relying on four databases, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 recommendations and checklist, with a quality assessment. Our research yielded 32 publications. The most frequent ADRs were weight gain and metabolic syndrome (18; 56.3%), followed by lack of therapeutic effect (8; 25%) and neurological ADRs (7; 21.8%). The overall mean quality score was 11.3/24 (±2.7). In 11 studies (34.3%), genotyping focused on the study of cytochromes. Findings regarding possible associations were sometimes conflicting. Nonetheless, cases of major clinical improvement were fostered by genotyping. Yet, CYP1A2 remains poorly investigated. Further studies are required to improve the assessment of the risk–benefit balance of prescription for children and youth treated with olanzapine, clozapine, and/or loxapine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Merino
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Children’s Hospitals of Nice CHU-Lenval, 06200 Nice, France; (D.M.); (A.F.); (F.A.)
- CoBTek Laboratory, Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Center, University Hospital of Nice, 06000 Nice, France; (A.O.G.); (N.B.O.); (F.R.); (M.-D.D.)
| | - Arnaud Fernandez
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Children’s Hospitals of Nice CHU-Lenval, 06200 Nice, France; (D.M.); (A.F.); (F.A.)
- CoBTek Laboratory, Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France
| | - Alexandre O. Gérard
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Center, University Hospital of Nice, 06000 Nice, France; (A.O.G.); (N.B.O.); (F.R.); (M.-D.D.)
| | - Nouha Ben Othman
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Center, University Hospital of Nice, 06000 Nice, France; (A.O.G.); (N.B.O.); (F.R.); (M.-D.D.)
| | - Fanny Rocher
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Center, University Hospital of Nice, 06000 Nice, France; (A.O.G.); (N.B.O.); (F.R.); (M.-D.D.)
| | - Florence Askenazy
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Children’s Hospitals of Nice CHU-Lenval, 06200 Nice, France; (D.M.); (A.F.); (F.A.)
- CoBTek Laboratory, Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France
| | - Céline Verstuyft
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saclay, AP–HP, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France;
- CESP/UMR-S1178, Inserm, Université Paris-Sud, 92290 Paris, France
| | - Milou-Daniel Drici
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Center, University Hospital of Nice, 06000 Nice, France; (A.O.G.); (N.B.O.); (F.R.); (M.-D.D.)
| | - Susanne Thümmler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Children’s Hospitals of Nice CHU-Lenval, 06200 Nice, France; (D.M.); (A.F.); (F.A.)
- CoBTek Laboratory, Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France
- Correspondence:
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Inhibition of a Mitochondrial Potassium Channel in Combination with Gemcitabine and Abraxane Drastically Reduces Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma in an Immunocompetent Orthotopic Murine Model. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112618. [PMID: 35681598 PMCID: PMC9179813 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Treatment of pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains challenging due to the late stage of presentation, limited efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapies, and aggressive tumor biology. Novel therapeutic targets are desperately needed. The voltage-gated potassium channel, Kv1.3, is one such unique target. It has been extensively studied in many cancers but less is known in pancreas cancer. In this study, we evaluated the tissue expression of Kv1.3 in resected PDAC and tumor inhibition using novel Kv1.3 inhibitors developed by our group (PCARBTP and PAPTP) with cytotoxic chemotherapies. We found that Kv1.3 is expressed in early stage, non-metastatic, resectable pancreas cancer specimens. Treatment with novel mitochondrial Kv1.3 inhibitors resulted in 95% reduced tumor growth when combined with cytotoxic chemotherapies. This near complete eradication of tumors using this treatment strategy shows that Kv1.3 represents an innovative therapeutic target for pancreas cancer therapy. Abstract Pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one the most aggressive cancers and associated with very high mortality, requiring the development of novel treatments. The mitochondrial voltage-gated potassium channel, Kv1.3 is emerging as an attractive oncologic target but its function in PDAC is unknown. Here, we evaluated the tissue expression of Kv1.3 in resected PDAC from 55 patients using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and show that all tumors expressed Kv1.3 with 60% of tumor specimens having high Kv1.3 expression. In Pan02 cells, the recently developed mitochondria-targeted Kv1.3 inhibitors PCARBTP and PAPTP strongly reduced cell survival in vitro. In an orthotopic pancreas tumor model (Pan02 cells injected into C57BL/6 mice) in immune-competent mice, injection of PAPTP or PCARBTP resulted in tumor reductions of 87% and 70%, respectively. When combined with clinically used Gemcitabine plus Abraxane (albumin-bound paclitaxel), reduction reached 95% and 80% without resultant organ toxicity. Drug-mediated tumor cell death occurred through the p38-MAPK pathway, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and oxidative stress. Resistant Pan02 clones to PCARBTP escaped cell death through upregulation of the antioxidant system. In contrast, tumor cells did not develop resistance to PAPTP. Our data show that Kv1.3 is highly expressed in resected human PDAC and the use of novel mitochondrial Kv1.3 inhibitors combined with cytotoxic chemotherapies might be a novel, effective treatment for PDAC.
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Jiang Y, Qin L, Lu A, Chen J, Wang J, Zhang Q, Lu Y, Gong Q, Gao J, Ma H, Tan D, He Y. CYP3A1 metabolism-based neurotoxicity of strychnine in rat. Toxicology 2022; 471:153156. [PMID: 35358606 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Strychnine is one of the main bioactive and toxic constituents of Semen Strychni. In the present study, the neurotoxic effects of strychnine, and the role of individual differences in metabolism on susceptibility to neurotoxicity of strychnine were investigated. The acute toxicity was observed by a single dose of strychnine (2.92 mg/kg, i.g.) in rats, the epileptic stages of rats were scored according to Racine's scale. The neurotoxicity of strychnine was evaluated by the levels of ROS, MDA, SOD and GSH in hippocampus, striatum, and cortex tissues measurements and histopathological analysis. The concentrations of strychnine in the plasma, hippocampus, striatum, and cortex tissues were determined using high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The expressions of the cytochrome P450, which is the most critical protein family involved in drugs metabolism, were detected by proteomics. The mechanism of susceptibility to neurotoxicity of strychnine was elucidated by correlation analysis among above indicators. The results indicated that striatum and cortex were the main toxic targets of strychnine, and the CYP3A1 might be a susceptible biomarker to neurotoxicity of strychnine. These results provide valuable insights into the neurotoxic susceptibility of strychnine that will aid in the rational clinical use of strychnine (possibly including Semen Strychni).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Lin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Anjing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Qianru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Yanliu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Qihai Gong
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Jianmei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Daopeng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China.
| | - Yuqi He
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China.
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Cardoso JLM, Salazar YEAR, Almeida ACG, Barbosa LRA, Silva EL, Rodrigues MGA, Rodrigues-Soares F, Sampaio VS, Siqueira AM, Lacerda MVG, Monteiro WM, Melo GC. Influence of CYP2D6, CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 Genotypes on Recurrence of Plasmodium vivax. FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2022.845451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe influence of the CYPs (cytochrome P-450) in the success of antimalarial therapy remains uncertain. In this study, the association of CYP2D6, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 polymorphisms and predicted phenotypes with malaria recurrence was investigated.MethodsAfter diagnosis of vivax malaria, individuals treated at a reference center in Manaus were followed up for 180 days. Patients were separated into two groups: a recurrence group and a non-recurrence group. Genotyping of CYP2D6, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 was performed using a TaqMan™ assay and real-time PCR.FindingsThe frequencies of decreased-function and normal-function alleles and phenotypes for all CYPs were similar between the groups, except for the CYP2D6*2xN allele (p=0.047) and the CYP2D6 gUM phenotype (p=0.057), which were more frequent in individuals without recurrence. Despite this, the CYP2D6, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 genotypes had no association with an increased risk of recurrence. CYPs polymorphisms also had no influence in parasite clearance, neither in the time nor the number of recurrence episodes. MAINConclusionThis prospective cohort study demonstrated that CYP2D6, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 polymorphisms have no influence on malaria recurrence. Nonetheless, our findings suggest that the CYP2D6 predicted ultrarapid phenotype was less susceptible to recurrence, and that patients with the CYP2D6 gUM phenotype are less susceptible to primaquine failure. Additional investigation of pharmacogenetics and pharmacokinetics are needed before implementing CYP analysis to better orientate individualized radical treatment of vivax malaria in reference centers that treat patients with multiple recurrences.
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Metabolizing status of CYP2C19 in response and side effects to medications for depression: Results from a naturalistic study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 56:100-111. [PMID: 35152032 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 genes (CYP450) were demonstrated to play a significant role in antidepressant response and side effects, but their effect in real-world clinical practice is poorly known. We determined the metabolic status of CYP2C19 based on the combination of *1, *2, *3 and *17 alleles extracted from genome-wide data in 1239 patients with MDD, pharmacologically treated in a naturalistic setting. Symptom improvement and side effects were assessed using the Montgomery and Åsberg Depression Rating Scale and the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersøgelse scale, respectively. We tested if symptom improvement, response and side effects were associated with CYP2C19 metabolic status adjusting for potential confounders. We considered patients treated with drugs for depression having CYP2C19 genotyping recommended by guidelines (T1 Drugs); secondarily, with all psychotropic drugs having CYP2C19 as relevant metabolic path (T2 Drugs). In the group treated with T1 drugs (n = 540), poor metabolizers (PMs) showed higher response and higher symptom improvement compared to normal metabolizers (p = 0.023 and p = 0.009, respectively), but also higher risk of autonomic and neurological side effects (p = 0.022 and p = 0.022 respectively). In patients treated with T2 drugs (n = 801), similar results were found. No associations between metabolizer status and other types of side effects were found (psychic and other side effects). Our study suggests potential advantages of CYP2C19 pharmacogenetic testing to guide treatment prescription, that may not be limited to the drugs currently recommended by guidelines.
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Ten Years of Experience Support Pharmacogenetic Testing to Guide Individualized Drug Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010160. [PMID: 35057056 PMCID: PMC8779486 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine utilizing the genetic information of genes involved in the metabolism and disposition of drugs can not only improve drug efficacy but also prevent or minimize adverse events. Polypharmacy is common among multimorbid patients and is associated with increased adverse events. One of the main objectives in health care is safe and efficacious drug therapy, which is directly correlated to the individual response to treatment. Precision medicine can increase drug safety in many scenarios, including polypharmacy. In this report, we share our experience utilizing precision medicine over the past ten years. Based on our experience using pharmacogenetic (PGx)-informed prescribing, we implemented a five-step precision medicine protocol (5SPM) that includes the assessment of the biological-clinical characteristics of the patient, current and past prescription history, and the patient's PGx test results. To illustrate our approach, we present cases highlighting the clinical relevance of precision medicine with a focus on patients with a complex history and polypharmacy.
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Long-term, low-dose macrolide antibiotic treatment in pediatric chronic airway diseases. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:1036-1042. [PMID: 34120139 PMCID: PMC9122820 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01613-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Macrolide antibiotics are one of the most commonly used broad-spectrum antibiotics. They have an inhibitory effect on a variety of respiratory pathogens; besides, they have non-anti-infective effects, including anti-inflammatory, regulating airway secretion, immune regulation, and other effects. A growing number of studies have shown that the non-anti-infective effects of macrolides have important and potential value in the treatment of pediatric chronic airway diseases; the therapy was described as "long-term, low-dose usage"; unfortunately, there is no guideline or consensus that applies to children. To better carry out the mechanism and clinical research of non-anti-infective effect and promote its rational use in children, the authors summarize the evidence of the usage of long-term, low-dose macrolide antibiotic therapy (LLMAT) in the treatment of chronic airway diseases in children and the progress in recent years. IMPACT: This review summarizes the evidence (mostly in recent 5 years) of the usage of long-term, low-dose macrolide antibiotic therapy in the treatment of chronic airway diseases. The recent studies and guidelines support and enrich the point that long-term, low-dose macrolide antibiotic therapy has potential benefit for children with severe asthma, CF, non-CF bronchiectasis, and BO, which provides clinical references and is of clinical interest. Long-term, low-dose macrolide antibiotic therapy has good safety, and no serious events have been reported; however, potential cardiac side effects and macrolide resistance should be clinically noted.
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40
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Binmahfouz LS, Bagher AM. Genetic polymorphism of the drug-metabolizing enzyme Cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) in a healthy Saudi population. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:1355-1360. [PMID: 34819796 PMCID: PMC8596149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is one of the major enzymes involved in the metabolism and detoxification of various drugs and xenobiotics. Polymorphisms in the CYP2E1 gene exhibit high inter-individual variations associated with alterations in CYP2E1 gene expression and enzyme function. This study aimed to determine the genotype distributions and allele frequencies of CYP2E1*1B, *5B, and *6 polymorphisms among Saudis in western Saudi Arabia. Methods In total, 140 healthy Saudis attending King Abdulaziz University Hospital between February and April 2021 were included in the study. CYP2E1 gene polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Results The genotype frequencies of CYP2E1*1B A2A2, A2A1, and A1A1 were 54.29%, 40%, and 8%, respectively. The frequencies of CYP2E1*5B c1c1 and c1c2 genotypes were approximately 99.93% and 0.07%, respectively. The frequencies of the CYP2E1*6 DD, DC, and CC genotypes were 91.43%, 7.85%, and 0.72%, respectively. The genotype distributions for these polymorphisms were consistent with the expected distribution based on Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The allele frequencies were 74.29% A2 and 25.71% A1 for CYP2E1*1B, 99.64% c1 and 0.36% c2 for CYP2E1*5B, and 95.36% D and 4.65% C for CYP2E1*6. Conclusion The genotype distribution of CYP2E1*1B polymorphism was higher in the western Saudi population, whereas the CYP2E1*5B and *6 polymorphisms were lower than the global average. Knowledge of the prevalence of CYP2E1 polymorphisms among our population will provide a better understanding of whether individual patients might benefit from their medication or whether they might develop adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenah S Binmahfouz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amina M Bagher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Abouir K, Samer CF, Gloor Y, Desmeules JA, Daali Y. Reviewing Data Integrated for PBPK Model Development to Predict Metabolic Drug-Drug Interactions: Shifting Perspectives and Emerging Trends. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:708299. [PMID: 34776945 PMCID: PMC8582169 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.708299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiologically-based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) modeling is a robust tool that supports drug development and the pharmaceutical industry and regulatory authorities. Implementation of predictive systems in the clinics is more than ever a reality, resulting in a surge of interest for PBPK models by clinicians. We aimed to establish a repository of available PBPK models developed to date to predict drug-drug interactions (DDIs) in the different therapeutic areas by integrating intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as genetic polymorphisms of the cytochromes or environmental clues. This work includes peer-reviewed publications and models developed in the literature from October 2017 to January 2021. Information about the software, type of model, size, and population model was extracted for each article. In general, modeling was mainly done for DDI prediction via Simcyp® software and Full PBPK. Overall, the necessary physiological and physio-pathological parameters, such as weight, BMI, liver or kidney function, relative to the drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination and to the population studied for model construction was publicly available. Of the 46 articles, 32 sensibly predicted DDI potentials, but only 23% integrated the genetic aspect to the developed models. Marked differences in concentration time profiles and maximum plasma concentration could be explained by the significant precision of the input parameters such as Tissue: plasma partition coefficients, protein abundance, or Ki values. In conclusion, the models show a good correlation between the predicted and observed plasma concentration values. These correlations are all the more pronounced as the model is rich in data representative of the population and the molecule in question. PBPK for DDI prediction is a promising approach in clinical, and harmonization of clearance prediction may be helped by a consensus on selecting the best data to use for PBPK model development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenza Abouir
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caroline F Samer
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Gloor
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jules A Desmeules
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Youssef Daali
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Ni KD, Liu JY. The Functions of Cytochrome P450 ω-hydroxylases and the Associated Eicosanoids in Inflammation-Related Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:716801. [PMID: 34594219 PMCID: PMC8476763 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.716801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 (CYP) ω-hydroxylases are a subfamily of CYP enzymes. While CYPs are the main metabolic enzymes that mediate the oxidation reactions of many endogenous and exogenous compounds in the human body, CYP ω-hydroxylases mediate the metabolism of multiple fatty acids and their metabolites via the addition of a hydroxyl group to the ω- or (ω-1)-C atom of the substrates. The substrates of CYP ω-hydroxylases include but not limited to arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins. The CYP ω-hydroxylases-mediated metabolites, such as 20-hyroxyleicosatrienoic acid (20-HETE), 19-HETE, 20-hydroxyl leukotriene B4 (20-OH-LTB4), and many ω-hydroxylated prostaglandins, have pleiotropic effects in inflammation and many inflammation-associated diseases. Here we reviewed the classification, tissue distribution of CYP ω-hydroxylases and the role of their hydroxylated metabolites in inflammation-associated diseases. We described up-regulation of CYP ω-hydroxylases may be a pathogenic mechanism of many inflammation-associated diseases and thus CYP ω-hydroxylases may be a therapeutic target for these diseases. CYP ω-hydroxylases-mediated eicosanods play important roles in inflammation as pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory mediators, participating in the process stimulated by cytokines and/or the process stimulating the production of multiple cytokines. However, most previous studies focused on 20-HETE,and further studies are needed for the function and mechanisms of other CYP ω-hydroxylases-mediated eicosanoids. We believe that our studies of CYP ω-hydroxylases and their associated eicosanoids will advance the translational and clinal use of CYP ω-hydroxylases inhibitors and activators in many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Di Ni
- Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun-Yan Liu
- Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Ing Lorenzini K, Desmeules J, Rollason V, Bertin S, Besson M, Daali Y, Samer CF. CYP450 Genotype-Phenotype Concordance Using the Geneva Micrococktail in a Clinical Setting. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:730637. [PMID: 34512355 PMCID: PMC8427306 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.730637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacokinetic variability is a major source of differences in drug response and can be due to genetic variants and/or drug-drug interactions. Cytochromes P450 are among the most studied enzymes from a pharmacokinetic point of view. Their activity can be measured by phenotyping, and/or predicted by genotyping. Depending on the presence of drugs and/or diseases that can affect their in vivo activity, both approaches can be complementary. In 2014, the Geneva cocktail using dried blood spots was validated in healthy volunteers for CYP450 phenotyping. Since its clinical implementation, it has been used in approximately 500 patients in various clinical situations. Our study aims to report the concordance between CYP450 genotype and phenotype in real-life patients. The prospectively collected data from patients who were genotyped and/or phenotyped between January 2014 and December 2020 were reviewed. A total of 537 patients were genotyped and/or phenotyped for CYP450 during this period, and 241 underwent simultaneous genotyping and phenotyping allowing for genotype/phenotype concordance assessment. Genotyping correctly predicted poor metabolizer phenotypes for most CYPs isoenzymes studied, whereas agreement was more variable for intermediate, normal, and ultrarapid metabolizers. Discrepancies between the phenotype predicted on the basis of genotyping and the measured phenotype were not always explained by concurrent medication (phenotypic switch). Therefore genotyping and phenotyping tests are complementary approaches when aiming to individualize drug therapy. In the 537 patients, the majority of clinical situations were observed with analgesic/anesthetic drugs (n = 187), followed by antidepressants (n = 153), antineoplastics (n = 97), and immunosuppressants (n = 93). Inefficacy (or low drug levels) and adverse drug reaction (or high drug levels) were the main reasons for testing. Genotype and/or phenotype results explained or at least contributed to the clinical event in 44% of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntheavy Ing Lorenzini
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jules Desmeules
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Victoria Rollason
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Bertin
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie Besson
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Youssef Daali
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caroline F Samer
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Impact of CYP2C19 Phenotype and Drug-Drug Interactions on Voriconazole Concentration in Pediatric Patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:e0020721. [PMID: 34152823 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00207-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Voriconazole (VRC), a first-line agent for the treatment of invasive fungal infections, is mainly metabolized by human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19. In this study, a retrospective analysis was performed to investigate the key factors that influence the plasma trough concentration (Cmin) of VRC, and an appropriate dosing regimen for pediatric patients was drafted subsequently. Overall, factors such as age, CYP2C19 phenotype, and combination medication with proton pump inhibitors accounted for 23.4% of variability in dose-normalized Cmin values of VRC by a multiple linear regression analysis. Dose-normalized Cmin values in the poor metabolizers (PMs) and intermediate metabolizers (IMs) were significantly higher than those in extensive metabolizers (EMs) (P < 0.001). To achieve therapeutic Cmin for CYP2C19 ultrarapid metabolizers (UMs) or EMs, patients aged no more than 12 and more than 12 years required doses of 6.53 ± 2.08 and 3.95 ± 0.85 mg/kg of body weight twice daily (P = 0.007). For CYP2C19 PMs or IMs, patients aged under 12 and over 12 years required doses of 5.75 ± 1.73 and 4.23 ± 0.76 mg/kg twice daily, respectively (P = 0.019). Furthermore, coadministration of rifamycin sodium or omeprazole exhibited significant effects on VRC Cmin. Taken together, it is necessary to pay attention to the impact of CYP2C19 phenotype and drug-drug interactions to achieve optimal therapy.
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Qian JC, Cai JP, Hu GX. Han Chinese specific cytochrome P450 polymorphisms and their impact on the metabolism of anti-hypertensive drugs with adrenoreceptor blocking properties. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:707-716. [PMID: 33910442 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1921147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is a monooxygenase superfamily mediating the elimination of anti-hypertensive drugs. Polymorphisms of CYP would lead to differential drug efficacy. Building relationships between genotype and phenotype will benefit individual medical treatment of hypertension.Areas covered: The review systematically summarizes the polymorphisms of four CYPs (CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4) concentrated distributed in the Han Chinese population. Moreover, the activity of variants on metabolizing anti-hypertensive drugs are reviewed, especially drugs with adrenoceptor blocking properties, as well as their clinical relevancies.Expert opinion: The polymorphisms of CYP can cause stratification in drug exposure of antihypertensive drugs. Although the clinical relevance has been built partially, the translational medicine still lacks reliable data support. Furthermore, the studies have demonstrated that even the same CYP variant will exhibit different catalytic capability for different drugs, which is another obstacle to hinder its application. With the deepening of multiomics research and structural biology, nucleotide polymorphisms can be combined with transcriptome, proteome, metabolome and molecular structure analyses to study the susceptibility to hypertension and drug efficacy. A complete data chain would be further estabolished by combining studies of pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics, which can effectively promote the precise application of anti-hypertensive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Chang Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Zhejiang, P.R. China.,The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing P.R. China
| | - Guo-Xin Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Jakobsson G, Larsson R, Pellè L, Kronstrand R, Gréen H. Oxycodone findings and CYP2D6 function in postmortem cases. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2021; 53:102510. [PMID: 33799050 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2021.102510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Genetic disposition can cause variation in oxycodone pharmacokinetic characteristics and decrease or increase the expected clinical response. In forensic medicine, determination of cause of death or assessing time between drug intake and death can be facilitated by knowledge of parent and metabolite concentrations. In this study, the aim was to investigate if CYP2D6 genotyping can facilitate interpretation by investigating the frequency of the four CYP2D6 phenotypes, poor metabolizer, intermediate metabolizer, extensive metabolizer, and ultra-rapid metabolizer in postmortem cases, and to study if the CYP2D6 activity was associated with a certain cause of death, concentration, or metabolic ratio. Cases positive for oxycodone in femoral blood (n = 174) were genotyped by pyrosequencing for CYP2D6*3, *4, and *6 and concentrations of oxycodone, noroxycodone, oxymorphone, and noroxymorphone were determined by LC-MS/MS (LLOQ 0.005 µg/g). Digital droplet PCR was used to determine the copy number variation for CYP2D6*5. Cases were categorized by cause of death. It was found that poor and intermediate CYP2D6 metabolizers had significantly higher oxycodone and noroxycodone concentrations compared to extensive and ultra-rapid metabolizers. CYP2D6 phenotype were equally distributed between cause of death groups, showing that no phenotype was overrepresented in any of the cause of death groups. We also found that the concentration ratio between oxymorphone and oxycodone depended on the CYP2D6 activity when death was unrelated to intoxication. In general, a low metabolite to parent ratio indicate an acute intake. By using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, we conclude that an oxymorphone/oxycodone ratio lower than 0.075 has a high sensitivity for separating intoxications with oxycodone from other intoxications and non-intoxications. However, the phenotype needs to be known to reach a high specificity. Therefore, the ratio should not be used as a biomarker on its own to distinguish between different causes of death but needs to be complemented by genotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Jakobsson
- Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology, National Board of Forensic Medicine, Artillerigatan 12, 58758 Linkoping, Sweden; Division of Drug Research, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Science, Linkoping University, 58183 Linkoping, Sweden.
| | - Ronja Larsson
- Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology, National Board of Forensic Medicine, Artillerigatan 12, 58758 Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Lucia Pellè
- Division of Drug Research, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Science, Linkoping University, 58183 Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Robert Kronstrand
- Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology, National Board of Forensic Medicine, Artillerigatan 12, 58758 Linkoping, Sweden; Division of Drug Research, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Science, Linkoping University, 58183 Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Henrik Gréen
- Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology, National Board of Forensic Medicine, Artillerigatan 12, 58758 Linkoping, Sweden; Division of Drug Research, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Science, Linkoping University, 58183 Linkoping, Sweden
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Liu J, Chen H, Wang S, Zhou Q, Geng P, Zhou Y, Wu H, Shi H, Wang F, Yang J, Cai J, Dai D. Functional characterization of the defective CYP2C9 variant CYP2C9*18. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00718. [PMID: 33508175 PMCID: PMC7842875 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) is one of the most important drugs metabolizing enzymes and accounts for the metabolism of about 13%-17% of clinical drugs. Like other members in CYP2 family, CYP2C9 gene exhibits great genetic polymorphism among different races and individuals. CYP2C9*18 is one CYP2C9 allelic variant identified in a Southeast Asian population and is estimated to cause the amino acid substitutions of I359L and D397A in CYP2C9 enzyme simultaneously. Limited by the low expression level in bacteria and COS-7 cells, no valuable enzyme kinetics have been reported on this CYP2C9 variant. In this study, the baculovirus-based system was used for the high expression of recombinant CYP2C9 s in insect cells. As a result, together with I359L substitution, D397A could significantly decrease the protein expression of CYP2C9.18 in insect cells, although substitution of D397A alone had no effect on the expression of CYP2C9 in vitro. As compared with that of wild-type enzyme, both CYP2C9.18 variant and D397A variant could decrease more than 80% of the catalytic activity of CYP2C9 enzyme toward three probe substrates, suggesting that caution should be exercised when patients carrying CYP2C9*18 taking medicines metabolized by CYP2C9 enzyme with a narrow therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- The Key laboratory of GeriatricsBeijing Institute of GeriatricsBeijing HospitalNational Center of GerontologyNational Health CommissionInstitute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Cardiovascular DepartmentBeijing HospitalNational Center of GerontologyInstitute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Shuang‐Hu Wang
- Laboratory of Clinical PharmacyThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityThe People's Hospital of LishuiLishuiP.R. China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Laboratory of Clinical PharmacyThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityThe People's Hospital of LishuiLishuiP.R. China
| | - Pei‐Wu Geng
- Laboratory of Clinical PharmacyThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityThe People's Hospital of LishuiLishuiP.R. China
| | - Yun‐Fang Zhou
- Laboratory of Clinical PharmacyThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityThe People's Hospital of LishuiLishuiP.R. China
| | - Hua‐Lan Wu
- Cardiovascular DepartmentBeijing HospitalNational Center of GerontologyInstitute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Hai‐Feng Shi
- Cardiovascular DepartmentBeijing HospitalNational Center of GerontologyInstitute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Cardiovascular DepartmentBeijing HospitalNational Center of GerontologyInstitute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Jie‐Fu Yang
- Cardiovascular DepartmentBeijing HospitalNational Center of GerontologyInstitute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Jian‐Ping Cai
- The Key laboratory of GeriatricsBeijing Institute of GeriatricsBeijing HospitalNational Center of GerontologyNational Health CommissionInstitute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Da‐Peng Dai
- The Key laboratory of GeriatricsBeijing Institute of GeriatricsBeijing HospitalNational Center of GerontologyNational Health CommissionInstitute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
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Application of a Pharmacogenetics-Based Precision Medicine Model (5SPM) to Psychotic Patients That Presented Poor Response to Neuroleptic Therapy. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040289. [PMID: 33352925 PMCID: PMC7767089 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotics are the keystone of the treatment of severe and prolonged mental disorders. However, there are many risks associated with these drugs and not all patients undergo full therapeutic profit from them. The application of the 5 Step Precision Medicine model(5SPM), based on the analysis of the pharmacogenetic profile of each patient, could be a helpful tool to solve many of the problematics traditionally associated with the neuroleptic treatment. In order to solve this question, a cohort of psychotic patients that showed poor clinical evolution was analyzed. After evaluating the relationship between the prescribed treatment and pharmacogenetic profile of each patient, a great number of pharmacological interactions and pharmacogenetical conflicts were found. After reconsidering the treatment of the conflictive cases, patients showed a substantial reduction on mean daily doses and polytherapy cases, which may cause less risk of adverse effects, greater adherence, and a reduction on economic costs.
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Déri MT, Kiss ÁF, Tóth K, Paulik J, Sárváry E, Kóbori L, Monostory K. End-stage renal disease reduces the expression of drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450s. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:1695-1705. [PMID: 32638224 PMCID: PMC7704481 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00127-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND End-stage renal disease is an irreversible status of kidney dysfunction that reduces both renal and non-renal drug clearance. Accumulation of uremic toxins seems to modify the activities of drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. The aim of the present work was to refine gene expression analysis for efficient and accurate quantification of CYP mRNAs in patients' leukocytes. METHODS We compared six liquid-liquid extraction reagents for RNA isolation and five reverse transcriptase kits for RNA-to-cDNA conversion, and developed quantitative polymerase chain reaction methods for duplex measurements of CYP target genes and the reference gene. The expression of CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 in patients with end-stage kidney disease (N = 105) and in organ donors with healthy kidney function (N = 110) was compared. RESULTS Regarding the RNA yield and purity, TRIzol, Trizolate and TRI reagents were equal; however, TRI reagent was the most advantageous in terms of financial cost. Reverse transcription using Maxima First Strand cDNA Synthesis kit appeared to be the most efficient with the widest range for quantification of the target transcript. The refined method with the detection of various CYPs and the reference gene in duplex PCR efficiently quantified even the low-level CYP expression. In leukocytes of patients with end-stage renal disease, all four CYPs were expressed at significantly lower level than in organ donors with normal kidney function (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Reduced CYP expression was a direct evidence of transcriptional down-regulation of CYP genes in patients with impaired kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Tamás Déri
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Ferenc Kiss
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Tóth
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Paulik
- Nucleotest Bio Ltd., Tündérliget 3/2, 1038, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enikő Sárváry
- Department of Transplantation and Surgery, Semmelweis University, Baross 23, 1082, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Kóbori
- Department of Transplantation and Surgery, Semmelweis University, Baross 23, 1082, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Monostory
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
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50
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Mishin V, Heck DE, Laskin DL, Laskin JD. The amplex red/horseradish peroxidase assay requires superoxide dismutase to measure hydrogen peroxide in the presence of NAD(P)H. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:620-628. [PMID: 32912004 PMCID: PMC7874521 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1821883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive fluorescence assay based on Amplex Red (AR) oxidation by horseradish peroxidase (AR/HRP) is described which continuously monitor rates of H2O2 production by microsomal enzymes in the presence of relatively high concentrations of NADPH. NADPH and NADH are known to interact with HRP and generate significant quantities of superoxide anion, a radical that spontaneously dismutates to form H2O2 which interferes with the AR/HRP assay. Microsomal enzymes generate H2O2 as a consequence of electron transfer from NADPH to cytochrome P450 hemoproteins with subsequent oxygen activation. We found that superoxide anion formation via the interaction of NADPH with HRP was inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD) without affecting H2O2 generation by microsomal enzymes. Using SOD in enzyme assays, we consistently detected rates of H2O2 production using microgram quantities of microsomal proteins (2.62 ± 0.20 picomol/min/µg protein for liver microsomes from naïve female rats, 12.27 ± 1.29 for liver microsomes from dexamethasone induced male rats, and 2.17 ± 0.25 picomol/min/µg protein for human liver microsomes). This method can also be applied to quantify rates of H2O2 production by oxidases where superoxide anion generation by NADH or NADPH and HRP can interfere with enzyme assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Mishin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Diane E Heck
- Department of Environmental Health Science, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595
| | - Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rutgers University School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
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