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Wallace ER, O'Neill S, Lagdon S. Risk and protective factors for suicidality among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) young people, from countries with a high global acceptance index (GAI), within the context of the socio-ecological model: A scoping review. J Adolesc 2024; 96:897-924. [PMID: 38372179 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) young people experience higher prevalence rates of suicidality than their heterosexual and/or cisgender peers. However, there is limited research that can inform suicide prevention efforts. Our aim was to synthesize quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research on risk and protective factors among LGBTQ+ young people, from countries with a high Global Acceptance Index. METHODS A scoping review guided by Arksey and O'Malley's five-stage framework, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews protocol. Five databases and grey literature were searched for relevant studies. Identified factors were clustered by thematic type, according to the socio-ecological model to identify empirical trends and knowledge gaps. The mixed methods appraisal tool was used for quality assessment of studies. RESULTS Sixty-six studies met our inclusion criteria. Overall, 59 unique risk factors and 37 unique protective factors were identified. Key risk factors include past suicidality, adverse childhood experiences, internalized queerphobia, minority stress, interpersonal violence, bullying, familial conflict, and anti-LGBTQ+ policies/legislation. Key protective factors include self-affirming strategies, adult/peer support, at-school safety, access to inclusive healthcare, family connectedness, positive coming out experiences, gender-affirming services and LGBTQ+ inclusive policies and legislation. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings affirm that multiple risk and protective factors, at all levels of the socio-ecological model, interact in complex, unique and diverse ways upon suicidality among LGBTQ+ young people. Implications for suicide prevention are discussed. Further empirical studies are required, particularly at the communities, policies, and societal levels of the socio-ecological model, and these studies should include a focus on protective factors and significant within-group differences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siobhan O'Neill
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - Susan Lagdon
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
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2
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Ching THW, Finkelstein-Fox L, Lee SY, Watson RJ. Effects of sexual and gender minority stress on depressive symptoms among adolescents of color in the United States. CULTURAL DIVERSITY & ETHNIC MINORITY PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 30:309-318. [PMID: 36048116 PMCID: PMC9975117 DOI: 10.1037/cdp0000562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a need for more research on minority stress theory (MST) with sexual and gender minority (SGM) adolescents of color, because of their disproportionate risk for depression. METHOD We recruited 1,627 SGM adolescents of color in the United States to complete measures assessing lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) climate, LGBTQ microaggressions within one's ethnoracial community, internalized LGBTQ stigma, stress management ability, and depressive symptoms. Using structural equation modeling, a hybrid measurement-structural model was tested, indicating good model fit. RESULTS Multiple significant indirect pathways linking LGBTQ climate and depressive symptoms emerged. A less positive LGBTQ climate was associated with more microaggression-related stress, more internalized LGBTQ stigma, and worse stress management ability, all of which were associated with greater depressive symptoms. A serial mediation with more microaggression-related stress being associated with greater internalized LGBTQ stigma approached significance. CONCLUSIONS Our findings generally support MST processes in terms of depressive symptoms in SGM adolescents of color, suggesting that psychosocial interventions targeting these processes may have meaningful implications for the mental health of this vulnerable group. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sharon Y. Lee
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Ryan J. Watson
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
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3
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Gibbs JJ, O'Shields J, DeVane R, Purcell A. Religious Identity Dissonance: Examining the Path of Religious Factors to Depression in Sexual Minority Men in the USA. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2024:10.1007/s10943-024-02025-4. [PMID: 38517583 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-024-02025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Little is known about the religious factors that contribute to religious identity dissonance (ID) for sexual minority men. Our aim was to model the path of religious factors to depression symptoms through ID and internalized stigma (IS). US sexual minority men (N = 168) participated in a survey about religious factors and mental health. Serial mediation of religious factors through ID and IS to depression symptoms was assessed using Hayes PROCESS macro. Results indicate that two religious factors significantly increase depression through ID and IS. Negative parental religious messages about LGBTQ people play a meaningful role in ID and increasing depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy J Gibbs
- School of Social Work, University of Georgia, 279 Williams Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Jay O'Shields
- School of Social Work, University of Georgia, 279 Williams Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Ryan DeVane
- School of Social Work, University of Georgia, 279 Williams Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Anna Purcell
- School of Social Work, University of Georgia, 279 Williams Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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4
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Ferbežar N, Kopinič A, Gavriloski Tretjak M. Elements of Minority Stress and Resilience in LGBTQ+ Students' Experience of Education. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2024:1-24. [PMID: 38470515 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2024.2326473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the experiences of minority stress and resilience among LGBTQ+ students in educational settings and identifies critical contributors to their well-being. To highlight the unique educational experiences of LGBTQ+ participants a qualitative research strategy was employed. We conducted narrative interviews with 27 LGBTQ+ people aged 17 to 41 who are or have been enrolled in primary, secondary or tertiary education in Slovenia. The results indicate that minority stress is a significant in their educational experiences, with various deleterious effects. The testimonies of our respondents indicate, albeit to a lesser extent, that the education system can enhance the resilience of LGBTQ+ youth and mitigate the negative impacts of minority stress. This study confirms prior research on minority stress effects on LGBTQ+ individuals. It asserts that LGBTQ+ youth experience minority stress within the education system, while emphasizing that certain aspects of resilience can significantly mitigate these negative effects. As social support emerged as a significant factor in our study, it would be reasonable to investigate how school personnel can enhance LGBT youths' resilience in the future. Additionally, it would be beneficial to investigate how the support of peers and (chosen) families influences the school experiences of LGBTQ+ students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nika Ferbežar
- Department of Social Pedagogy, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Alja Kopinič
- Adult Mental Health Department, Health Center, Sevnica, Slovenia
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5
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Weeks SN, Renshaw TL, Vinal SA. Minority Stress as a Multidimensional Predictor of LGB+ Adolescents' Mental Health Outcomes. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2023; 70:938-962. [PMID: 34806974 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2021.2006000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The minority stress model has been used to explain added daily stressors that non-heterosexual (LGB+) individuals experience. While the emphasis of minority stress research is frequently broad (global minority stress) or narrow (specific stressors) in focus, the literature often refers to specific stressors at the domain level as either distal (external) or proximal (internal). This study found that, compared with broad and narrow levels, a domain level approach may be best for understanding the predictive value of minority stress. Multiple regression analyses with a sample of 152 LGB+ adolescents found that distal stress predicted substance misuse (p < .001) and suicidality (p = .002) and was a stronger predicter than proximal stress for psychological inflexibility. This study might contribute to an evidence base that could guide measurement approaches for assessing minority stress and using related results to inform the prediction of-and, ultimately, intervention with-LGB+ adolescents' mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean N Weeks
- Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Tyler L Renshaw
- Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
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Bochicchio L, Carmichael AJ, Veldhuis C, Stefancic A. What We Lose When We "Don't Say Gay": Generational Shifts in Sexual Identity and Gender. SOCIAL WORK 2023; 68:159-165. [PMID: 36668681 PMCID: PMC10159372 DOI: 10.1093/sw/swad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
At a time when anti-LGBTQ+ legislation is on the rise in more than a dozen states across the United States, social work providers and researchers must be acutely aware of the ways in which their practice may unintentionally invalidate the identities of LGBTQ+ youth. Concurrently, language used in the LGBTQ+ youth community to describe both sexual identity and gender has moved away from monosexual and binary labels toward nonmonosexual and nonbinary descriptions. The adoption of such language, in practice and in research, is a simple step toward combatting invalidation in the social work field. This commentary explores the expansion of identity labels through the lens of a study conducted across four leading LGBTQ+ agencies in New York and New Jersey with youth and staff. Authors review data that demonstrate the evolution of labels and argue that adopting these terms in practice and research will have fruitful and affirming effects on access to care, treatment attrition, and the design and quality of research in and for the LGBTQ+ community. This shift in language must be comprehensively addressed to ensure that practice and research continue to adopt and advocate for ways to affirm LGBTQ+ people, particularly given the recent onslaught of anti-LGBTQ+ legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Bochicchio
- is a postdoctoral research fellow, School of Nursing, Columbia University, 560 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | | | - Ana Stefancic
- is assistant research scientist, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Sumbane GO, Makua NM. Exploring the Mental Health Challenges and Coping Behaviour of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Students at an Institution of Higher Learning. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4420. [PMID: 36901434 PMCID: PMC10001921 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The South African university community is predominantly heterosexual, which fosters stigmatisation and discrimination against LGBTQI students despite the efforts to create conditions where LGBTQI students can succeed academically, socially, and personally. The study aimed to explore and describe the challenges experienced by LGBTQI students and their mental well-being as well as the coping behaviours adopted in a university in South Africa. This was accomplished using a descriptive phenomenological approach. A snowballing sampling method was used to select ten students who identified themselves as gay, lesbian, and bisexual (LGB). Semi-structured one-on-one interviews were conducted, and data were analysed thematically. The students perceived character defects stigma from fellow students and lecturers in and out of class. The mental health challenges experienced included a diminished sense of safety, lack of a sense of belonging, low self-esteem, and acting out of character. As a result, confrontation, passive withdrawal, and active dependent behaviour were utilised as different types of coping behaviour. The LGB students were subjected to stigma that negatively affected their mental health. Therefore, creating awareness about the rights of LGBTQI students to education, safety, and self-determination is recommended.
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"I'm Too Old for That": The Role of Ageism and Sexual Dysfunctional Beliefs in Sexual Health in a Sample of Heterosexual and LGB Older Adults: A Pilot Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11040459. [PMID: 36832993 PMCID: PMC9957165 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11040459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of ageism (i.e., discrimination against individuals or groups on the basis of their age), in particular toward the sexuality of the elderly, remains, to date, an overlooked issue. A few studies have suggested that ageistic stereotypes can negatively affect older adults' sexual health. No data are available, in particular, about differences among heterosexual and LGB (lesbian, gay, and bisexual) populations. The present study aimed to investigate differences in perceived ageism and related dysfunctional beliefs in a sample of heterosexual (n = 104) and LGB (n = 103) older adults (aged 55 or older; mean age 66.5) and their impact on sexual health and satisfaction. LGB individuals reported higher rates of masturbation and sexual intercourse and an increased quality of sexual activity as compared to heterosexuals. In addition, no differences between the groups emerged as regards perceived ageism and dysfunctional beliefs toward ageing. In conclusion, LGB individuals perceived more ageism toward sexuality than their counterparts; however, heterosexuals were more likely to have dysfunctional beliefs toward sexuality in ageing. The study findings highlight the significance of examining sexual orientation to understand experiences of sexuality in ageing of the growing older population. Renewed socio-educational efforts based on these data are clearly needed.
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Shepherd BF, Maki JL, Zelaya DG, Warner Ş, Wilson A, Brochu PM. Development and Validation of the Gay-Specific Intraminority Stigma Inventory (G-SISI): Initial Evidence Underpinned by Intraminority Stress Theory. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:170-186. [PMID: 36661763 PMCID: PMC9858161 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is currently a lack of measures testing intraminority stress within gay men. Therefore, the current study sought to develop and psychometrically test the Gay-Specific Intraminority Stigma Inventory (G-SISI). Based on a content review of the literature and a panel of experts, a pool of items assessing gay men's perceived exposure to a range of discriminatory attitudes from other gay men was generated. Utilizing a randomly split sample of 1723 gay men between the ages of 19 and 79 years, an exploratory factor analysis was first performed (n = 861). The remaining unexamined data were then used to conduct a confirmatory factor analysis (n = 862). The results support a six-factor model: (1) Age Stigma, (2) Socioeconomic Stigma, (3) Gay Non-Conformity Stigma, (4) Racial Stigma, (5) Gender Expression Stigma, and (6) Body Stigma. Cronbach's alpha for the total scale was 0.90 and for the subscales ranged from 0.60 to 0.85. Sociodemographic factors and measures of community involvement were differentially associated with the G-SISI subscales, providing evidence of construct validity. The findings demonstrate initial support for the dimensionality and validity of the G-SISI, which targets modifiable factors (e.g., identity-based stigma) that may increase stress and reduce community coping resources among gay men with diverse identities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin F. Shepherd
- Department of Clinical and School Psychology, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Justin L. Maki
- Department of Clinical and School Psychology, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
| | - David G. Zelaya
- School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Şeniz Warner
- Department of Clinical and School Psychology, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
| | - Adriana Wilson
- Department of Clinical and School Psychology, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
| | - Paula M. Brochu
- Department of Clinical and School Psychology, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
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10
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de Lange J, Baams L, Bos H, Bosker R, Dumon E, Portzky G, Robinson J, van Bergen D. Moderating role of coping in the association between minority stress and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among sexual and gender minority young adults. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2022; 52:1178-1192. [PMID: 36056550 PMCID: PMC10946947 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined associations of minority stressors (i.e., victimization, internalized homonegativity, and stigma consciousness), and coping styles (i.e., active, avoidant, and passive) with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts (suicidality) among sexual and gender minority (SGM) young adults, and whether coping style moderated these associations. METHODS Logistic regression analyses examined these associations among 1432 SGM young adults (ages 18-29). RESULTS Minority stressors and passive coping were associated with a higher likelihood of suicidality. Avoidant coping was associated with a lower likelihood of lifetime suicidal ideation and attempts among sexual minority participants, and active coping with a lower likelihood of past-year suicidal ideation among sexual minority participants. Moderation analyses among sexual minority participants showed that when avoidant coping was high, associations between low victimization (compared with no victimization) and lifetime suicide attempts, and stigma consciousness and lifetime suicide attempts became non-significant, and the association between internalized homonegativity and lifetime suicide attempts became significant. Among gender minority participants, when passive coping was high the association between low victimization and lifetime suicidal ideation became significant. CONCLUSION This study underlines the importance of minority stress and coping for suicidality among SGM young adults and the need for more research regarding the role of coping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer de Lange
- Department of Pedagogy and Educational SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Laura Baams
- Department of Pedagogy and Educational SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Henny Bos
- Department of Child Development and EducationUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Roel Bosker
- Department of Pedagogy and Educational SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Eva Dumon
- Department of Head and Skin, Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide PreventionGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Gwendolyn Portzky
- Department of Head and Skin, Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide PreventionGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Jo Robinson
- OrygenParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Centre for Youth Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Diana van Bergen
- Department of Pedagogy and Educational SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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Azucar D, Rusow JA, Slay L, Taiwo M, Rodriguez A, Johnson A, Calvetti S, Wright D, Wu S, Bray B, Goldbach JT, Kipke MD. Combining the HYM (Healthy Young Men's) Cohort Study and the TRUTH (A Trans Youth of Color Study): Protocol for an Expanded Mixed Methods Study Renewal. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e39232. [PMID: 36326811 PMCID: PMC9672995 DOI: 10.2196/39232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As we enter the fifth decade of the AIDS epidemic, health researchers and AIDS activists reflect both on the progress that has been made and the importance of continued prevention efforts for those most at risk. As HIV infection rates continue to fluctuate across communities, a trend has emerged with new HIV infections becoming increasingly concentrated-with cascading effects-among people aged <30 years, from marginalized racial and ethnic groups, and who are sexual or gender minorities. OBJECTIVE In this paper, we discuss the renewal of the Healthy Young Men's (HYM) Cohort Study and the addition of a subcohort-TRUTH: A Transgender Youth of Color Study. The overarching aim of our renewed study was to inform new intervention strategies; understand linkage to care; and examine changes over time with respect to minority-related stress and intersectional identities and their relationship with substance use, mental health, and HIV risk. Findings from this study will help to inform the development of new interventions designed to engage African American and Black and Latino young men who have sex with men (YMSM) and transgender and gender minority youth in the HIV prevention and care continua and to reduce risk by addressing pathways of minority-related stress and intersectional stigma. METHODS Longitudinal study (baseline and follow-up assessments every 6 months for a total of 8 waves of data collection) is ongoing with reconsented cohort from the last iteration of HYM Cohort Study. This study protocol includes self-report survey, collection of urine to assess recent use of illicit drugs, and collection of blood and rectal and throat swabs to test for current sexually transmitted infection and HIV infection. An additional sample of blood and plasma (10 mL for 4 aliquots and 1 pellet) is also collected and stored in the HYM Cohort Study biorepository for future studies. This mixed methods study design includes collection of triangulated analysis of quantitative, qualitative, and biological measures (ie, drug use, sexually transmitted infection and HIV testing, and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among participants who are HIV+) at baseline and every 6 months. RESULTS As of February 2022, participants from the past 4 years of the HYM Cohort Study and TRUTH: A Transgender Youth of Color Study Cohort have been reconsented and enrolled into the renewal period of longitudinal data collection, which is projected from summer of 2020 until summer of 2025. Recruitment is ongoing to reach our target enrollment goal of YMSM and transgender minority youth. CONCLUSIONS The findings from this study are being used to inform the development of new, and adaptation of existing, evidence-based HIV prevention interventions designed to engage populations of transgender and gender minority youth and YMSM in the HIV prevention and care continua. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/39232.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Azucar
- Division of Research on Children, Youth, and Families, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Joshua A Rusow
- Division of Research on Children, Youth, and Families, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lindsay Slay
- Division of Research on Children, Youth, and Families, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mariam Taiwo
- Division of Research on Children, Youth, and Families, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Aracely Rodriguez
- Division of Research on Children, Youth, and Families, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ali Johnson
- Division of Research on Children, Youth, and Families, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sam Calvetti
- Division of Research on Children, Youth, and Families, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Deja Wright
- Division of Research on Children, Youth, and Families, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Su Wu
- Division of Research on Children, Youth, and Families, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Bethany Bray
- Institute for Health Research Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jeremy T Goldbach
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, MO, United States
| | - Michele D Kipke
- Division of Research on Children, Youth, and Families, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Wike TL, Bouchard LM, Kemmerer A, Yabar MP. Victimization and Resilience: Experiences of Rural LGBTQ+ Youth Across Multiple Contexts. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP18988-NP19015. [PMID: 34490826 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211043574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
LGBTQ+ youth experience higher rates of interpersonal violence, such as peer-based bullying and identity-based harassment, than their counterparts. Experiences of victimization can occur across different social contexts including family, school, peers, and community. LGBTQ+ youth in rural communities may be at increased risk for identity-based victimization due in part to geographic isolation and an often conservative value system that may create a hostile environment to LGBTQ+ individuals. However, few studies have examined the experiences of rural LGBTQ+ youth from their perspectives, and how the rural context may affect their experiences with victimization and social support. This qualitative study explores the victimization experiences of rural LGBTQ+ youth, the supports available to them, and ways they show resilience. We conducted qualitative interviews with a sample of 11 young people ages 12-21, recruited in partnership with a local LGBTQ+ agency across a rural five county region in the Southeastern United States. Four themes emerged related to how rural youth navigate bullying, harassment, and victimization across different social contexts and the support that is available to them: (1) conflicting family messages, (2) navigating personal safety at school, (3) connecting through technology, and (4) confronting negative religious sentiment. A fifth theme captures the strengths of young people in the mid of victimization: (5) demonstrating individual and collective resilience. Although rural LGBTQ+ youth experience victimization in similar ways to urban and suburban youth, rural youth may have less access to social supports that buffer effects of victimization. This study highlights the strengths in rural LGBTQ+ young people as well as their commitment to supporting one another and seeing change in their communities. Findings illustrate a need for greater support for LGBTQ+ youth in rural areas while leveraging existing strength of the youth and their community for sustainable support and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traci L Wike
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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13
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Cascalheira CJ, Hamdi SM, Scheer JR, Saha K, Boubrahimi SF, De Choudhury M. Classifying Minority Stress Disclosure on Social Media with Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ... INTERNATIONAL AAAI CONFERENCE ON WEBLOGS AND SOCIAL MEDIA. INTERNATIONAL AAAI CONFERENCE ON WEBLOGS AND SOCIAL MEDIA 2022; 16:1373-1377. [PMID: 35765687 PMCID: PMC9235017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Because of their stigmatized social status, sexual and gender minority (SGM; e.g., gay, transgender) people experience minority stress (i.e., identity-based stress arising from adverse social conditions). Given that minority stress is the leading framework for understanding health inequity among SGM people, researchers and clinicians need accurate methods to detect minority stress. Since social media fulfills important developmental, affiliative, and coping functions for SGM people, social media may be an ecologically valid channel for detecting minority stress. In this paper, we propose a bidirectional long short-term memory (BI-LSTM) network for classifying minority stress disclosed on Reddit. Our experiments on a dataset of 12,645 Reddit posts resulted in an average accuracy of 65%.
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Bridge L, Smith P, Rimes KA. Self-esteem in sexual minority young adults: a qualitative interview study exploring protective factors and helpful coping responses. Int Rev Psychiatry 2022; 34:257-265. [PMID: 36151827 PMCID: PMC9519121 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2022.2051446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Research on mental health inequalities between sexual minority and heterosexual young adults has historically focussed on the additional stress processes that might explain this disparity. However, more recently there has been a shift towards research focussed on resilience factors that might promote mental health in sexual minority young adults. Self-esteem is one such proposed resilience factor. This study aimed to explore the factors that promote or protect self-esteem itself in sexual minority young adults. A semi-structured interview study was conducted with 20 sexual minority young adults (aged 16-24) to explore their perspectives on the factors, responses and strategies that have helped to protect or promote their self-esteem. Six themes were identified from thematic analysis: helpful responses to minority stress; sexuality acceptance; positive LGBTQ + social connections and representations; positive social relationships and evaluation; successes and positive qualities and general coping strategies for low self-esteem. Findings are discussed in terms of their theoretical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Bridge
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,CONTACT Livia Bridge Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Patrick Smith
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Katharine A. Rimes
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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15
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McDermott E, Eastham R, Hughes E, Pattinson E, Johnson K, Davis S, Pryjmachuk S, Mateus C, Jenzen O. Explaining effective mental health support for LGBTQ+ youth: A meta-narrative review. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2021; 1:None. [PMID: 34957424 PMCID: PMC8654681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2021.100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This meta-narrative review on mental health early intervention support for LGBTQ+ youth aimed to develop a theoretical framework to explain effective mental health support. Using the RAMESES standards for meta-narrative reviews, we identified studies from database searches and citation-tracking. Data extraction and synthesis was conducted through conceptual coding in Atlas.ti. in two stages: 1) conceptual mapping of the meta-narratives; 2) comparing the key concepts across the meta-narratives to produce a theoretical framework. In total, 2951 titles and abstracts were screened and 200 full papers reviewed. 88 studies were included in the final review. Stage 1 synthesis identified three meta-narratives - psychological, psycho-social, and social/youth work. Stage 2 synthesis resulted in a non-pathological theoretical framework for mental health support that acknowledged the intersectional aspects of LGBTQ+ youth lives, and placed youth at the centre of their own mental health care. The study of LGBTQ+ youth mental health has largely occurred independently across a range of disciplines such as psychology, sociology, public health, social work and youth studies. The interdisciplinary theoretical framework produced indicates that effective early intervention mental health support for LGBTQ+ youth must prioritise addressing normative environments that marginalises youth, LGBTQ+ identities and mental health problems. Despite elevated rates of poor mental health, LGBTQ + youth underutilize mental health services and often experience inadequate support. There is a limited evidence-base examining LGBTQ + youth early intervention mental health support needs. Early intervention services for LGBTQ + youth mental health must de-pathologize emotional distress, difficult thoughts and behaviours. Early intervention support must address normative environments that marginalises youth, intersectional LGBTQ + identities and mental health. Mental health support providers must understand individual lives, connect with LGBTQ+ youth, facilitate their autonomy and encourage agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth McDermott
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
- Corresponding author. Department of Health Research, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK.
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16
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Kim E, Kim H, Lee K. A qualitative investigation of the romantic relationship experiences. of South Korean lesbians in early adulthood. PSYCHOLOGY & SEXUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2021.1990116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eunha Kim
- Department of Psychology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Haebeen Kim
- Department of Psychology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Kahee Lee
- Ginue Student Counseling Center, Gyeongin National University of Education, Incheon, South Korea
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17
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Liss M, Wilson LC. Mental health and general psychological processes among asexual, bisexual, and gay/lesbian college students in the United States. PSYCHOLOGY & SEXUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2021.1979634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Liss
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Mary Washington, Fredericksburg, Virginia, United States
| | - Laura C. Wilson
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Mary Washington, Fredericksburg, Virginia, United States
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18
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Moore K, Camacho D, Spencer-Suarez KN. A mixed-methods study of social identities in mental health care among LGBTQ young adults of color. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY 2021; 91:724-737. [PMID: 34166057 PMCID: PMC10794050 DOI: 10.1037/ort0000570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Social identities have been shown to reflect normative beliefs and practices that can impact important health behaviors. A better understanding of how this process unfolds among young people with marginalized identities can help inform strategies to decrease mental health disparities and improve their overall health outcomes. A mixed method, convergent parallel design was used to examine identity centrality, mental health treatment history, and cultural experiences of a purposeful sample, consisting of 31 Black and Latinx young adults (Mage = 22.16) who identified as sexual and gender minorities in New York City. Data from validated measures and in-depth interviews were triangulated to strengthen and add context to findings. Participants with higher social identity centrality scores, particularly on community belonging and sexual identity, were more likely to continuously use mental health services. Seven social identities were prominent in qualitative data: Sexual, Ethnic-racial, Religious, Socioeconomic, Gender, Family, and Generational. These social identities were described as interconnected, and as both significant barriers and facilitators to participants' involvement in treatment. Results suggested that young lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer (LGBTQ) people of color seeking mental health care might need more support to navigate experiences related to intersecting identities. Interventions to improve services and maintain these youth in treatment should employ strategies to assess and support positive minority identity development, while also addressing self-stigma and discrimination experienced through culture, family, and mental health professionals. Considering social identity development is conceptually useful for adapting services for diverse youth because it is a major focus of transitioning to adulthood and calls attention to multiple minority identities impacting individual clients. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiara Moore
- Silver School of Social Work, New York University
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19
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Thompson AE, Cipriano AE, Kirkeby KM, Wilder D, Lehmiller JJ. Exploring Variations in North American Adults' Attitudes, Interest, Experience, and Outcomes Related to Mixed-Gender Threesomes: A Replication and Extension. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:1433-1448. [PMID: 33175272 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01829-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Mixed-gender threesomes (MGTs) are a type of consensually nonmonogamous sexual encounter involving three people of more than one gender. Little research has been conducted on MGTs, and what little work does exist is limited to college students, who may actually be less experienced with MGTs than older adults. The present study investigated attitudes toward, interest in, experiences with, and outcomes of MGTs in two samples (college N = 231; online N = 1342), comprised of 907 heterosexual and 666 sexual minority participants in total. Results indicated that participants reported neutral-to-positive attitudes toward and moderate-to-high levels of interest in MGTs (81% indicated some degree of interest). MGTs involving familiar others were preferred to those involving strangers. Men, sexual minority individuals, and participants from the online sample reported more favorable attitudes toward and greater interest in MGTs as compared to women, heterosexual individuals, and participants from the student sample. In addition, 30% of participants indicated having experience with a MGT. Sexual minority individuals reported more experience with MGTs and more positive outcomes than did heterosexual individuals. In addition, on average, participants reported that their MGT experiences "met expectations." Overall, these results indicate that MGTs are a common sexual behavior that often results in positive outcomes, especially among sexual minority individuals. Additional research on this understudied topic is needed, particularly as it relates to outcomes and the role of MGTs in consensually nonmonogamous relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Thompson
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Duluth, 320 Bohannon Hall 1207, Ordean Court, Duluth, MN, 55812-3010, USA.
| | - Allison E Cipriano
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | - Delaney Wilder
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Duluth, 320 Bohannon Hall 1207, Ordean Court, Duluth, MN, 55812-3010, USA
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20
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Mallory AB, Pollitt AM, Bishop MD, Russell ST. Changes in disclosure stress and depression symptoms in a sample of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth. Dev Psychol 2021; 57:570-583. [PMID: 34711995 PMCID: PMC8547611 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Disclosing a sexual minority (e.g., lesbian, gay, or bisexual) identity to others is an ongoing process throughout life. Research shows that disclosure is stressful, and this stress is related to poorer mental health for sexual minority youth. However, there are few theoretically grounded studies examining disclosure stress and its prospective association with mental health. The current study utilizes two conceptualizations of sexual identity development-stage models and milestone models-to contextualize how changes in disclosure-related stress are associated with depression symptoms from adolescence into young adulthood. Data come from a sample of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth between ages 15-24 surveyed over three years (N=555; 82% youth of color; 40% bisexual; 63% free and reduced lunch; and 49% assigned female at birth). We estimated (1) parallel process models and (2) growth curve models with disclosure stress as a time-varying covariate, which were respectively informed by stage and milestone conceptualizations of sexual identity development. Results indicated that depression symptoms declined while disclosure stress increased. In the parallel process model, higher baseline disclosure stress correlated with higher baseline levels and steeper declines in depression symptoms. When disclosure stress was modeled as a time-varying covariate, it was most strongly associated with higher depression symptoms at earlier ages. Disclosure is a developmental process that confers differential risk for depression symptoms earlier in the life course, which can hinder the typical decline of depression symptoms in young adulthood. Supporting sexual minority youth when they disclose their sexual identity throughout adolescence can have long-term benefits for mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Meg D Bishop
- University of Texas at Austin
- University of Texas Population Research Center
| | - Stephen T Russell
- University of Texas at Austin
- University of Texas Population Research Center
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21
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Craig SL, Leung VWY, Pascoe R, Pang N, Iacono G, Austin A, Dillon F. AFFIRM Online: Utilising an Affirmative Cognitive-Behavioural Digital Intervention to Improve Mental Health, Access, and Engagement among LGBTQA+ Youth and Young Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1541. [PMID: 33562876 PMCID: PMC7915123 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Digital mental health interventions may enable access to care for LGBTQA+ youth and young adults that face significant threats to their wellbeing. This study describes the preliminary efficacy of AFFIRM Online, an eight-session manualised affirmative cognitive behavioural group intervention delivered synchronously. Participants (Mage = 21.17; SD = 4.52) had a range of sexual (e.g., queer, lesbian, pansexual) and gender (e.g., non-binary, transgender, cisgender woman) identities. Compared to a waitlist control (n = 50), AFFIRM Online participants (n = 46) experienced significantly reduced depression (b = -5.30, p = 0.005, d = 0.60) and improved appraisal of stress as a challenge (b = 0.51, p = 0.005, d = 0.60) and having the resources to meet those challenges (b = 0.27, p = 0.059, d = 0.39) as well active coping (b = 0.36, p = 0.012, d = 0.54), emotional support (b = 0.38, p = 0.017, d = 0.51), instrumental support (b = 0.58, p < 0.001, d = 0.77), positive framing (b = 0.34, p = 0.046, d = 0.42), and planning (b = 0.41, p = 0.024, d = 0.49). Participants reported high acceptability. This study highlights the potential of digital interventions to impact LGBTQA+ youth mental health and explores the feasibility of digital mental health to support access and engagement of youth with a range of identities and needs (e.g., pandemic, lack of transportation, rural locations). Findings have implications for the design and delivery of digital interventions for marginalised youth and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley L. Craig
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1V4, Canada; (V.W.Y.L.); (R.P.); (N.P.)
| | - Vivian W. Y. Leung
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1V4, Canada; (V.W.Y.L.); (R.P.); (N.P.)
| | - Rachael Pascoe
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1V4, Canada; (V.W.Y.L.); (R.P.); (N.P.)
| | - Nelson Pang
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1V4, Canada; (V.W.Y.L.); (R.P.); (N.P.)
| | - Gio Iacono
- School of Social Work, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;
| | - Ashley Austin
- Ellen Whiteside-McDonnell School of Social Work, Barry University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA;
| | - Frank Dillon
- College of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA;
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22
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Minority stress, resilience, and health in Italian and Taiwanese LGB+ people: A cross-cultural comparison. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01387-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe present study, using a moderated mediational model, explored levels of distal/proximal stressors, rumination, resilience, and health in a group of Italian and Taiwanese LGB+ people. The study also examined the role of internalized sexual stigma (ISS) and rumination as mediators between discrimination and health, and resilience as a moderator of the relationship between discrimination and ISS, rumination, and health, respectively. An online survey was administered to 508 LGB+ participants (270 Italian and 238 Taiwanese) whose age ranged from 18 to 70 years (M = 37.93, SD = 13.53). The moderated mediation model was tested through a series of path analyses stratified by group nationality. Italian participants reported higher discrimination and resilience, but lower ISS, rumination, and health problems compared to their Taiwanese counterparts. The only common path between groups was the direct effect of discrimination on health problems. The mediating role of ISS and rumination in the relationship between discrimination and health, as well as the moderating role of resilience, were partly significant only for the Italian group. Conclusions: The findings suggest that mediators and moderators used to evaluate the effects of minority stress on health may differ between groups; further culturally sensitive research in the field of LGB+ health is needed.
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23
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Disparities in health behaviors and outcomes at the intersection of race and sexual identity among women: Results from the 2011-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Prev Med 2021; 142:106379. [PMID: 33347873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore potential differences in health behaviors and outcomes of sexual minority women (SMW) of color compared to White SMW, heterosexual women of color, and White heterosexual women. Data from 4878 women were extracted from the 2011 to 2016 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. The four-category independent variable (SMW of color, White SMW, heterosexual women of color, and White heterosexual women) was included in binary and multinomial logistic regression models predicting fair/poor self-reported health status, depression, cigarette smoking, alcohol, cannabis, and illicit drug use. Compared to White heterosexual women, SMW of color and heterosexual women of color had significantly higher odds of fair/poor self-reported health and lower odds of being a current or former smoker, binge drinking or using alcohol in the past year, being a former cannabis user, and ever using illicit drugs. In contrast, White SMW had significantly greater odds of depression, current smoking and cannabis and illicit drug use. Results of post-hoc tests indicated that the adjusted ORs for SMW of color differed significantly from those of White SMW for all outcomes, and did not differ significantly from those for heterosexual women of color for any outcome other than no binge drinking (OR = 0.34 vs. 0.67, p < 0.01) and current cannabis use (OR = 0.93 vs. 0.44, p < 0.01). SMW of color are more similar to heterosexual women of color than to White SMW in terms of depression, substance use, and self-reported health.
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24
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Rand JJ, Paceley MS, Fish JN, Anderson SO. LGBTQ+ Inclusion and Support: An Analysis of Challenges and Opportunities Within 4-H. JOURNAL OF YOUTH DEVELOPMENT 2021; 16:26-51. [PMID: 35284581 PMCID: PMC8916108 DOI: 10.5195/jyd.2021.1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
LGBTQ+ youth experience health disparities compared with heterosexual and cisgender youth. Community-based, positive youth development organizations are an important resource to support and affirm LGBTQ+ youth. This study aimed to identify the opportunities and challenges in supporting LGBTQ+ youth within 4-H. The study took place in one state in the United States within a 4-H program and employed qualitative, community-based methods using SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) analyses and focus groups of 4-H staff, support staff, volunteers, and youth participants. The majority of participants were White and middle class with direct connections to the 4-H program. Thematic analyses were conducted by multiple analysts until consensus was reached. Challenges and opportunities emerged in 3 themes: (a) organizational climate; (b) policies and procedures; and (c) training, education, and resources. Two additional themes included opportunities only: (a) community engagement and (b) youth-specific resources. This study has important implications for the 4-H program, rural community practice, and research, including strategies to improve LGBTQ+ inclusivity through education, programs and policies, hiring, and community partnerships. Additionally, this study highlights the opportunity and unique positionality of the 4-H program to amplify youth voices in the creation of youth-specific resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Rand
- Extension Center for Youth Development, University of Minnesota
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25
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Coping with minority stress in romantic relationships among lesbian, gay and bisexual people. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01188-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Sang JM, Louth-Marquez W, Henderson ER, Egan JE, Chugani CD, Hunter SC, Espelage D, Friedman MS, Coulter RWS. "It's Not Okay for You to Call Me That": How Sexual and Gender Minority Youth Cope with Bullying Victimization. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2020:1-20. [PMID: 33164708 PMCID: PMC8106687 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2020.1826831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sexual and gender minority youth (SGMY) have higher rates of bullying than their heterosexual peers and must disproportionately cope with bullying victimization. The purpose of this research is to highlight various coping strategies employed by SGMY. We conducted 20 cross-sectional, semi-structured online interviews with SGMY about their bullying experiences and coping strategies. We coded interviews with descriptive qualitative research to illustrate a comprehensive summary of bullying-related coping methods. We found SGMY engage in multiple coping strategies that include (1) emotion-focused coping-rumination; self-harm and considering or attempting suicide; seeking social and emotional support; engaging in creative endeavors; self-acceptance and community connectedness-and (2) problem-focused coping-reporting the bully; confronting the bully; conceal orientation; ignoring the bullying; and changing environment. Additionally, most SGMY reported using multiple coping techniques or changing how they coped over time (i.e., coping flexibility). These findings can inform future interventions to promote positive coping mechanisms among SGMY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Sang
- Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for LGBT Health Research, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William Louth-Marquez
- Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for LGBT Health Research, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emmett R Henderson
- Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for LGBT Health Research, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James E Egan
- Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for LGBT Health Research, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carla D Chugani
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Simon C Hunter
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Dorothy Espelage
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mark S Friedman
- Mark S. Friedman Psychotherapy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert W S Coulter
- Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for LGBT Health Research, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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27
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Fish JN. Future Directions in Understanding and Addressing Mental Health among LGBTQ Youth. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2020; 49:943-956. [PMID: 33074740 PMCID: PMC7736182 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2020.1815207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Today's LGBTQ youth come of age at a time of dynamic social and political change with regard to LGBTQ rights and visibility, yet remain vulnerable to compromised mental health. Despite advances in individual-level treatment strategies, school-based programs, and state-level policies that address LGBTQ mental health, there remains a critical gap in large-scale evidence-based prevention and intervention programs designed to support the positive development and mental health of LGBTQ youth. To spur advances in research and translation, I pose six considerations for future scholarship and practice. I begin by framing LGBTQ (mental) health disparities in a life course perspective and discuss how research focused on the timing of events could offer insight into the optimum targets and timing of prevention and intervention strategies. Next, I argue the importance of expanding notions of "mental health" to include perspectives of wellbeing, positive youth development, and resilience. I then consider how research might attend to the complexity of LGBTQ youths' lived experience within and across the various contexts they traverse in their day-to-day lives. Similarly, I discuss the importance of exploring heterogeneity in LGBTQ youth experiences and mental health. I also offer suggestions for how community partnerships may be a key resource for developing and evaluating evidence-informed programs and tools designed to foster the positive development and mental health of LGBTQ youth. Finally, I acknowledge the potentials of team science for advancing research and practice for LGBTQ youth health and wellbeing. Throughout, these future directions center the urgent needs of LGBTQ youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica N. Fish
- Department of Family Science, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, 4200 Valley Drive, Suite 1142, College Park, MD, 20742
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28
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McCann E, Brown MJ. The views and experiences of lesbians regarding their mental health needs and concerns: Qualitative findings from a mixed-methods study. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2020; 56:827-836. [PMID: 32175605 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this paper is to report the specific views and experiences of lesbians and identify their distinct mental health issues and concerns. DESIGN AND METHODS A mixed-methods design with surveys and individual interviews was utilized. The data were thematically analyzed. FINDINGS The key themes were (a) enabling service access, (b) person-centered support, (c) models of care, (d) community presence and participation, and (e) future aspirations for mental health services. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The study results inform and develops the understanding of the issues that impact upon the mental health and well-being of lesbians. The implications for mental health practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward McCann
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Michael J Brown
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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29
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Weeks SN, Renshaw TL, Galliher RV, Tehee M. The moderating role of psychological inflexibility in the relationship between minority stress, substance misuse, and suicidality in LGB+ adolescents. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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The mediating role of coping in the relationship of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSS) and job burnout among Chinese firefighters. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2020; 94:243-250. [PMID: 32902715 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-020-01571-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aims to explore the relationship of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSS) and job burnout among firefighters, as well as the mediating effect of coping in the relationship of PTSS and job burnout. METHODS A total of 431 firefighters participated in the study by completing a questionnaire package including Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS), PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), and Coping Strategy Indicator (CSI). RESULTS (1) The level of firefighters' emotional exhaustion of job burnout varied significantly by age groups [F (2, 428) = 4.33, p < 0.05], and working years [F (2, 428) = 3.22, p < 0.05]; the level of cynicism of job burnout varied significantly by working years [F (2, 428) = 3.63, p < 0.05]. (2) PTSS was significantly and positively associated with job burnout (β = 0.899, p < 0.001). (3) Both avoidant coping and problem-solving mediated the relationship between PTSS and job burnout (β = 0.212, p < 0.001; β = 0.145, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Firefighters with higher level of PTSS are more likely to have job burnout. Avoidant coping and problem-solving play the mediating role in the relationship between PTSS and job burnout. The clinical implications for firefighters' interventions are discussed.
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31
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Oginni OA, Mapayi BM, Afolabi OT, Obiajunwa C, Oloniniyi IO. Internalized Homophobia, Coping, and Quality of Life Among Nigerian Gay and Bisexual Men. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2020; 67:1447-1470. [PMID: 30977714 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2019.1600899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite high levels of homophobia in Nigeria, no studies have investigated the quality of life (QOL) of Nigerian gay and bisexual (GB) men. The associations between QOL and minority stress may differ from those reported in developed countries and may indicate alternative interventions. This study investigated internalized homophobia (IH) and coping strategies among gay and bisexual men in Nigeria and the relationships with overall QOL. Eighty-nine GB men were recruited with a snowball sampling technique. QOL (outcome), IH (predictor) and coping strategies (covariates) were assessed using standardized questionnaires. Relationships were investigated using linear regression analyses. Participants used adaptive more frequently than maladaptive coping strategies. The relationship between IH and QOL was nonlinear (β = -0.27, 95% CI = -0.48, -0.06), and the positive component was attenuated by adaptive coping strategies. Adaptive strategies can be reinforced as a therapeutic intervention to improve wellbeing among gay and bisexual men in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olakunle A Oginni
- Departmental of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University , Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Mental Health Unit, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex , Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Boladale M Mapayi
- Departmental of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University , Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Mental Health Unit, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex , Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun T Afolabi
- Departmental of Community Health, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University , Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Chukwubueze Obiajunwa
- Departmental of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University , Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Ibidunni O Oloniniyi
- Departmental of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University , Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Mental Health Unit, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex , Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria
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del Pino HE, Dacus JD, Harawa NT, McWells C. "Being downcast by society… adds to the stress levels and would explain why [we] smoke more.": Smoking among HIV-Positive Black Men Who Have Sex with Men. JOURNAL OF GAY & LESBIAN SOCIAL SERVICES 2020; 33:16-31. [PMID: 33642841 PMCID: PMC7909452 DOI: 10.1080/10538720.2020.1799473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Smoking causes more deaths among people living with HIV than HIV infection itself. Few smoking cessation interventions and studies of sexual minority communities have considered the lived experiences of Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) living with HIV. Before developing interventions for these men, we need to answer: How do experiences of discrimination and stigma influence their perceptions of smoking? This phenomenological study was led by a community-based organization. We conducted six focus groups with 53 BMSM living with HIV in Los Angeles. We used minority stress theory in the analysis and interpretation of the data. We identified two themes: (1) co-occurrence of race and sexual orientation stressors and smoking (e.g., "I feel like I'd be discriminated against sometimes because I'm gay and because I'm Black.") and (2) smoking as a reaction to HIV-positive status (e.g., "I know more people that started smoking after they found out they [had] HIV."). Participants smoked to cope with stressors around race, sexual orientation, and living with HIV. These findings challenge us to ensure that smoking cessation interventions address the personal and social concerns of BMSM living with HIV and help them identify healthier ways to cope with stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jagadisa-devasri Dacus
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Room 6602, New York, NY 10032
| | - Nina T. Harawa
- Department of Medicine—Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 1100 Glendon Ave Suite 850, Los Angeles, CA 90024
- Psychiatry and Human Behaviors, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th St., Building N, Los Angeles, CA 90059
| | - Charles McWells
- Los Angeles Centers for Alcohol and Substance Abuse (L.A. CADA), 11015 Bloomfield Ave., Santa Fe Springs, CA 90670
- Division of Community Engagement, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059
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Fulginiti A, Goldbach JT, Mamey MR, Rusow J, Srivastava A, Rhoades H, Schrager SM, Bond DW, Marshal MP. Integrating Minority Stress Theory and the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide among Sexual Minority Youth Who Engage Crisis Services. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2020; 50:601-616. [PMID: 32048340 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study sought to integrate minority stress theory (MST) and the interpersonal theory of suicide (ITS) to better understand high rates of suicide among sexual minority youth (SMY). To date, the ITS and MST have largely advanced independently from one another even though the research base for each theory contains gaps that the other theory may help fill. METHOD Using data from a national sample of 564 SMY (aged 12-24) recruited from an LGBTQ youth-focused suicide crisis prevention provider, we examined structural equation models to understand how perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness mediate the relationship between minority stress and suicidal ideation and attempt. RESULTS Sexual minority stress was significantly associated with both perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness in models predicting suicidal ideation and attempt. Moreover, minority stress had a direct effect on suicide attempt and an indirect effect on both suicidal ideation and suicide attempt through burdensomeness. CONCLUSIONS Given that minority stress is associated with greater thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and suicide attempts, there should be greater demand for continuing education centered on sexual minority populations and population-specific services. Identifying burdensomeness as a minority stress-suicide mechanism highlights the potential gains of piloting recently developed burdensomeness interventions among SMY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Fulginiti
- Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Jeremy T Goldbach
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mary Rose Mamey
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Rusow
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ankur Srivastava
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Harmony Rhoades
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sheree M Schrager
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,California State University, Northridge, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David W Bond
- Blue Shield of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Felner JK, Wisdom JP, Williams T, Katuska L, Haley SJ, Jun HJ, Corliss HL. Stress, Coping, and Context: Examining Substance Use Among LGBTQ Young Adults With Probable Substance Use Disorders. Psychiatr Serv 2020; 71:112-120. [PMID: 31640522 PMCID: PMC7002176 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.201900029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors qualitatively examined how lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) young adults with probable substance use disorders conceptualized their substance use vis-à-vis their LGBTQ identities. METHODS Individual, in-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted with 59 LGBTQ young adults (ages 21-34) who were participants in a larger longitudinal cohort study and who met criteria for a probable substance use disorder. Data were analyzed via iterative, thematic analytic processes. RESULTS Participants' narratives highlighted processes related to minority stress that shape substance use, including proximal LGBTQ stressors (e.g., self-stigma and expectations of rejection) and distal LGBTQ stressors (e.g., interpersonal and structural discrimination) and associated coping. Participants also described sociocultural influences, including the ubiquitous availability of substances within LGBTQ social settings, as salient contributors to their substance use and development of substance use disorders. Participants who considered themselves transgender or other gender minorities, all of whom identified as sexual minorities, described unique stressors and coping at the intersection of their minority identities (e.g., coping with two identity development and disclosure periods), which shaped their substance use over time. CONCLUSIONS Multilevel minority stressors and associated coping via substance use in adolescence and young adulthood, coupled with LGBTQ-specific sociocultural influences, contribute to the development of substance use disorders among some LGBTQ young adults. Treatment providers should address clients' substance use vis-à-vis their LGBTQ identities and experiences with related stressors and sociocultural contexts and adopt culturally humble and LGBTQ-affirming treatment approaches. Efforts to support LGBTQ youths and young adults should focus on identifying ways of socializing outside of substance-saturated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Felner
- School of Public Health and Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, San Diego State University, San Diego (Felner, Jun, Corliss); Wisdom Consulting, New York (Wisdom); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Williams) and Department of Health Policy and Management (Haley), Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Katuska)
| | - Jennifer P Wisdom
- School of Public Health and Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, San Diego State University, San Diego (Felner, Jun, Corliss); Wisdom Consulting, New York (Wisdom); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Williams) and Department of Health Policy and Management (Haley), Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Katuska)
| | - Tenneill Williams
- School of Public Health and Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, San Diego State University, San Diego (Felner, Jun, Corliss); Wisdom Consulting, New York (Wisdom); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Williams) and Department of Health Policy and Management (Haley), Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Katuska)
| | - Laura Katuska
- School of Public Health and Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, San Diego State University, San Diego (Felner, Jun, Corliss); Wisdom Consulting, New York (Wisdom); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Williams) and Department of Health Policy and Management (Haley), Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Katuska)
| | - Sean J Haley
- School of Public Health and Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, San Diego State University, San Diego (Felner, Jun, Corliss); Wisdom Consulting, New York (Wisdom); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Williams) and Department of Health Policy and Management (Haley), Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Katuska)
| | - Hee-Jin Jun
- School of Public Health and Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, San Diego State University, San Diego (Felner, Jun, Corliss); Wisdom Consulting, New York (Wisdom); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Williams) and Department of Health Policy and Management (Haley), Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Katuska)
| | - Heather L Corliss
- School of Public Health and Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, San Diego State University, San Diego (Felner, Jun, Corliss); Wisdom Consulting, New York (Wisdom); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Williams) and Department of Health Policy and Management (Haley), Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Katuska)
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Perales F, Campbell A, Johnson S. Mental-health disparities between heterosexual and sexual-minority adolescents: Examining the role of informant discrepancies. J Adolesc 2020; 79:122-127. [PMID: 31954288 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An emerging literature documents substantial mental-health disparities by sexual orientation amongst adolescents, with sexual-minority youth exhibiting poorer mental health than heterosexual youth. This brief report provides the first empirical account of how the association between sexual-minority status and adolescent mental health differs depending on who assesses adolescents' mental health (child/mother/father/teacher), and how informant discrepancies in assessments of adolescent mental health differ by adolescents' sexual orientation. METHODS Data come from an Australian national sample of 14-/15-year-old adolescents (Longitudinal Study of Australian Children; n~3,000). Adolescent mental health is measured using multiple measures from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and modelled using multivariable linear regression models. RESULTS Mental-health disparities between sexual-minority and heterosexual adolescents emerged irrespective of who assessed the child's mental health. However, their magnitude varied substantially by informant, being largest when mental-health was reported by adolescents (~0.7 standard deviations) and smallest when reported by teachers (~0.2 standard deviations). Discrepancies between mental-health scores collected from the child and other informants were largest for internalising than externalising behaviours, and in child-father than child-mother comparisons. CONCLUSIONS Understanding informant discrepancies and their meaning is pivotal to designing surveys that generate robust insights into the health of sexual-minority adolescents, as well as appropriate policy interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Perales
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Long Pocket Precinct, 80 Meiers Rd, Building C, Indooroopilly, Brisbane, QLD, 4068, Australia.
| | - Alice Campbell
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Long Pocket Precinct, 80 Meiers Rd, Building C, Indooroopilly, Brisbane, QLD, 4068, Australia
| | - Sarah Johnson
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
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Simons JD, Ramdas M, Russell ST. School-Age Coping: Themes Across Three Generations of Sexual Minorities. JOURNAL OF SCHOOL COUNSELING : JSC 2020; 18:22. [PMID: 34121955 PMCID: PMC8194143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Because sexual minorities are an at-risk population, researchers conducted retrospective life story interviews with 191 sexual minority people comprising participants from a marriage equality cohort, an HIV/AIDS epidemic cohort, and a Stonewall rebellion cohort. The participants were located within 80 miles of four major metropolitan areas in the United States. Of the 191 participants interviewed, 90 participants talked about their school-age experiences and how they coped during elementary, middle, and high school. Five themes were identified in the interview data that were coded by the research team: (a) the influence of relationships, (b) experiencing emotions, (c) coming out, (d) coping behaviorally, and (e) coping cognitively. Implications for school counseling practice and future research are provided for educators, researchers, and helping professionals.
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Wickham RE, Gutierrez R, Giordano BL, Rostosky SS, Riggle EDB. Gender and Generational Differences in the Internalized Homophobia Questionnaire: An Alignment IRT Analysis. Assessment 2019; 28:1159-1172. [DOI: 10.1177/1073191119893010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Internalized homophobia (IH) refers to negative attitudes and stereotypes that a lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) person may hold regarding their own sexual identity. Recent sociocultural changes in attitudes and policies affecting LGB people generally reflect broader acceptance of sexual minorities, and may influence the manner in which LGB people experience IH. These experiences should be reflected in the measurement properties of instruments designed to assess IH. This study utilized data from three different samples ( N = 3,522) of LGB individuals residing in the United States to examine the invariance of a common self-report IH measure by gender identity (Female, Male) and age cohort (Boomers, Generation X, and Millennials). Multigroup item response theory–differential item functioning analysis using the alignment method revealed that 6 of the 9 Internalized Homophobia Scale items exhibited differential functioning across gender and generation. Latent scores based on the invariant items suggested that Male and Female Boomers exhibited the lowest level of latent IH, relative to the other cohorts.
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Butler ES, McGlinchey E, Juster R. Sexual and gender minority sleep: A narrative review and suggestions for future research. J Sleep Res 2019; 29:e12928. [DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eliana S. Butler
- School of Psychology Fairleigh Dickinson University Teaneck NJ USA
| | - Eleanor McGlinchey
- School of Psychology Fairleigh Dickinson University Teaneck NJ USA
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Columbia University Medical Center/New York State Psychiatric Institute New York NY USA
| | - Robert‐Paul Juster
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction University of Montreal Montreal QC Canada
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Coulter RWS, Egan JE, Kinsky S, Friedman MR, Eckstrand KL, Frankeberger J, Folb BL, Mair C, Markovic N, Silvestre A, Stall R, Miller E. Mental Health, Drug, and Violence Interventions for Sexual/Gender Minorities: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics 2019; 144:e20183367. [PMID: 31427462 PMCID: PMC6855817 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-3367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Compared with cisgender (nontransgender), heterosexual youth, sexual and gender minority youth (SGMY) experience great inequities in substance use, mental health problems, and violence victimization, thereby making them a priority population for interventions. OBJECTIVE To systematically review interventions and their effectiveness in preventing or reducing substance use, mental health problems, and violence victimization among SGMY. DATA SOURCES PubMed, PsycINFO, and Education Resources Information Center. STUDY SELECTION Selected studies were published from January 2000 to 2019, included randomized and nonrandomized designs with pretest and posttest data, and assessed substance use, mental health problems, or violence victimization outcomes among SGMY. DATA EXTRACTION Data extracted were intervention descriptions, sample details, measurements, results, and methodologic rigor. RESULTS With this review, we identified 9 interventions for mental health, 2 for substance use, and 1 for violence victimization. One SGMY-inclusive intervention examined coordinated mental health services. Five sexual minority-specific interventions included multiple state-level policy interventions, a therapist-administered family-based intervention, a computer-based intervention, and an online intervention. Three gender minority-specific interventions included transition-related gender-affirming care interventions. All interventions improved mental health outcomes, 2 reduced substance use, and 1 reduced bullying victimization. One study had strong methodologic quality, but the remaining studies' results must be interpreted cautiously because of suboptimal methodologic quality. LIMITATIONS There exists a small collection of diverse interventions for reducing substance use, mental health problems, and violence victimization among SGMY. CONCLUSIONS The dearth of interventions identified in this review is likely insufficient to mitigate the substantial inequities in substance use, mental health problems, and violence among SGMY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W S Coulter
- Departments of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences and
- Center for LGBT Health Research, Graduate School of Public Health, and
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - James E Egan
- Departments of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences and
- Center for LGBT Health Research, Graduate School of Public Health, and
| | - Suzanne Kinsky
- Departments of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences and
- Center for LGBT Health Research, Graduate School of Public Health, and
- Center for High-Value Health Care, UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - M Reuel Friedman
- Center for LGBT Health Research, Graduate School of Public Health, and
- Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, and
| | | | | | - Barbara L Folb
- Departments of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences and
- Health Sciences Library System, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Christina Mair
- Departments of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences and
| | - Nina Markovic
- Center for LGBT Health Research, Graduate School of Public Health, and
- Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine
| | - Anthony Silvestre
- Center for LGBT Health Research, Graduate School of Public Health, and
| | - Ron Stall
- Departments of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences and
- Center for LGBT Health Research, Graduate School of Public Health, and
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- Departments of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences and
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Paceley MS, Fish JN, Conrad A, Schuetz N. Diverse community contexts and community resources for sexual and gender minority youth: A mixed methods study. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 29:445-460. [PMID: 34366639 DOI: 10.1002/casp.2417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Syvertsen AK, Scales PC, Toomey RB. Developmental Assets framework revisited: Confirmatory analysis and invariance testing to create a new generation of assets measures for applied research. APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10888691.2019.1613155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Perales F, Campbell A, O'Flaherty M. Sexual Orientation and Adolescent Time Use: How Sexual Minority Youth Spend Their Time. Child Dev 2019; 91:983-1000. [DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mericle AA, Hemberg J, Stall R, Carrico AW. Pathways to Recovery: Recovery housing models for men who have sex with men (MSM). ADDICTION RESEARCH & THEORY 2019; 27:373-382. [PMID: 31213965 PMCID: PMC6581469 DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2018.1538409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) face distinct recovery challenges. This mixed-methods study examines the service needs and help-seeking pathways of MSM (N=25) living in a group of recovery residences operated in Texas, one of which is a home specifically designated for gay and bisexual men. METHODS Upon intake, adult MSM were recruited to complete an interview assessing the extent of their service needs as well as their recovery goals and expectations about their stay. Men were recruited regardless of whether they moved into the home designated for gay and bisexual men or into another one of the men's homes. RESULTS MSM in the sample reported high rates of health conditions, depression, victimization, and sex risk behaviors. A greater number of them entering the gay and bisexual men's home reported being in recovery from amphetamine use, having a chronic medical problem, and being physically assaulted as an adult. The majority of MSM, regardless of home type, were seeking emotional and social support as well as accountability in their recovery home experience, but MSM in the gay and bisexual men's home talked about emotion and social support most frequently and within the context of emotional safety. CONCLUSIONS MSM entering recovery housing have complex service needs. Recovery housing may play an important role in supporting recovery among MSM. Residences specifically for them could be tailored to address their unique needs by fostering connections to other sexual minorities in recovery and facilitating social identity transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A. Mericle
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Jordana Hemberg
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Ronald Stall
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences in the School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adam W. Carrico
- Miller School of Medicine Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Mericle AA, Carrico AW, Hemberg J, Stall R, Polcin DL. Improving Recovery Outcomes among MSM: The Potential Role of Recovery Housing. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2018; 24:140-146. [PMID: 31213946 PMCID: PMC6581465 DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2018.1523966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) face unique recovery challenges. Recovery housing may play an important role in improving outcomes among MSM, but little is known about their experiences in these settings. METHODS This study examined 3-month outcomes among MSM (N=22) living in a group of recovery residences in Texas, one of which is a home specifically designated for gay and bisexual men. Upon intake, adult MSM were recruited to participate in the study, which involved a baseline and 3-month phone interview and allowing study staff to access records maintained by the program about their stay. RESULTS At follow-up, only two (9.1%) reported used of any substances in the past 30 days. The vast majority (73%) had attended outpatient substance use treatment in the past three months, and 86% reported working for pay during the past 30 days. All participants reported attending four or more 12-step meetings in the past 30 days. Use of dysfunctional coping strategies significantly decreased, however so did scores on health-related quality of life. CONCLUSIONS MSM have complex treatment needs. Recovery housing may help improve outcomes among MSM by bridging formal substance use treatment with community-based recovery support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A Mericle
- Alcohol Research Group at the Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Adam W Carrico
- Miller School of Medicine Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jordana Hemberg
- Alcohol Research Group at the Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Ronald Stall
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences in the School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Douglas L Polcin
- Alcohol Research Group at the Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
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