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Karkou E, Teo CJ, Savvakis N, Poinapen J, Arampatzis G. Industrial circular water use practices through the application of a conceptual water efficiency framework in the process industry. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 370:122596. [PMID: 39321677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Increased industrial water demand and resource depletion require the incorporation of sustainable and efficient water and wastewater management solutions in the industrial sector. Conventional and advanced treatment technologies, closed-water loops at different levels from an industrial process to collaborative networks among industries within the same or another sector and digital tools and services facilitate the materialization of circular water use practices. To this end, the scope of this paper is the application of the Conceptual Water Efficiency Framework (CWEF), which has been developed within the AquaSPICE project aspiring to enhance water circularity within industries in a holistic way. Four water-intensive process industries (two chemical industries, one oil refinery plant and one meat production plant) are examined, revealing its adaptability, versatility and flexibility according to the requirements of each use case. It is evident that the synergy of process, circular and digital innovations can promote sustainability, contribute to water conservation in the industry, elaborating a compact approach to be replicated from other industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthalia Karkou
- School of Production Engineering and Management, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece.
| | - Chuan Jiet Teo
- KWR Water Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3430 BB, Nieuwegein, Netherlands; Institute of Environmental Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Mies-van-der-Rohe-Strasse 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Savvakis
- School of Production Engineering and Management, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece
| | - Johann Poinapen
- KWR Water Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3430 BB, Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - George Arampatzis
- School of Production Engineering and Management, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece
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David JJ, Stephen AMM, Kavitha S, Krishnan SK, Mariappan S, Sebastian SL, Palanichamy J, Kalivel P, Sathishkumar P. Investigating the efficiency of electrocoagulation using similar/dissimilar electrodes for the detoxification of Coralene Rubine dye: a cost effective approach. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:322. [PMID: 39012612 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02096-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Efficient treatment of textile dyeing wastewater can be achieved through electrocoagulation (EC) with minimal sludge production; however, the selection of the appropriate electrode is essential in lowering overall costs. Also, the reuse of the treated aqueous azo dye solution from this process has not been explored in detail. With these objectives, this study aims to treat synthetic azo dye solutions and achieve high colour removal efficiency (CRE%) using similar (Ti-Ti) and dissimilar (Ti-Cu) metal electrodes through EC with an attempt to reduce the cost. The aqueous Coralene Rubine GFL azo dye was used to examine the efficiency and cost of the EC process. X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy was used to study the EC mechanism, while High Performance Liquid Chromatography was used to analyse the degradation of the dye and the formation of intermediate compounds. The concentration of metal ions in the treated dye solution was quantified using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES), with Ti-Ti treated solution having 14.20 mg/L concentration of Ti and Ti-Cu treated solution having 0.078 mg/L of Ti and 0.001 mg/L of Cu, respectively. Colour removal efficiency of 99.49% was obtained for both electrode sets, with a lower operating time and voltage for dissimilar metal combination. Ecotoxicity studies showed negligible toxicity of Ti-Cu treated dye samples compared to untreated solutions. Survival rate, protein estimation, and catalase activity was used to validate the treatment method's efficacy. The study found that the dissimilar electrode material exhibited reduced toxicity due to the presence of heavy metals below the permissible limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovitha Jane David
- Department of Physical Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641114, India
| | - Asath Murphy Maria Stephen
- Department of Physical Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641114, India
| | - Subbiah Kavitha
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences,, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641114, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Krishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences,, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641114, India
| | - Santhiya Mariappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences,, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641114, India
| | - Sahaya Leenus Sebastian
- Department of Physical Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641114, India
- Department of Chemistry, Jayaraj Annapackiam College for Women (Autonomous), Periyakulam, 625601, India
| | - Jegathambal Palanichamy
- Water Institute, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641114, India
| | - Parameswari Kalivel
- Department of Physical Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641114, India.
| | - Palanivel Sathishkumar
- Green Lab, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, India.
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Kumar P, Nawaz T, Singh SP. Optimization of electrocoagulation process parameters for the treatment of oil industry drill site wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:47101-47115. [PMID: 38987516 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The effluent from the oil drilling site is a complex mixture of hazardous chemicals that causes environmental impacts on its disposal. The treatment of oil drill-site wastewater has not been explored much, and understanding its characteristics and optimizing the treatment process are required. In the present study, we have optimized the electrocoagulation process with aluminum electrodes for drill-site wastewater treatment. A multi-level factorial center composite design using response surface methodology is applied to optimize the effect of current density (CD), pH, and inter-electrode distance (IED) on chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. The increasing current density shows a significant increase in COD removal, and a similar trend was observed with a decreased pH. It was found that with current density and inter-electrode distance, the maximum COD removal achieved was 70% at the CD of 19.04 mA cm-2 and IED 2.6 cm. By varying pH and current density, the COD removal reached up to 90% at pH 6 and CD 19.04 mA cm-2. The study shows that the current density is the dominant factor for the process's energy consumption and operating cost, followed by pH. This study's findings could be effectively used to develop large-scale treatment processes through electrocoagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Kumar
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Tabish Nawaz
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Swatantra P Singh
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science (CRNTS), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
- Centre of Excellence On Membrane Technologies for Desalination, Brine Management, and Water Recycling (DeSaltM), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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Shah AA, Walia S, Kazemian H. Advancements in combined electrocoagulation processes for sustainable wastewater treatment: A comprehensive review of mechanisms, performance, and emerging applications. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 252:121248. [PMID: 38335752 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
This review explores the potential and challenges of combining electrochemical, especially electrocoagulation (EC) process, with various - wastewater treatment methods such as membranes, chemical treatments, biological methods, and oxidation processes to enhance pollutant removal and reduce costs. It emphasizes the advantages of using electrochemical processes as a pretreatment step, including increased volume and improved quality of permeate water, mitigation of membrane fouling, and lower environmental impact. Pilot-scale studies are discussed to validate the effectiveness of combined EC processes, particularly for industrial wastewater. Factors such as electrode materials, coating materials, and the integration of a third process are discussed as potential avenues for improving the environmental sustainability and cost-effectiveness of the combined EC processes. This review also discusses factors for improvement and explores the EC process combined with Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP). The conclusion highlights the need for combined EC processes, which include reducing electrode consumption, evaluating energy efficiency, and conducting pilot-scale investigations under continuous flow conditions. Furthermore, it emphasizes future research on electrode materials and technology commercialization. Overall, this review underscores the importance of combined EC processes in meeting the demand for clean water resources and emphasizes the need for further optimization and implementation in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aatif Ali Shah
- Materials Technology & Environmental Research (MATTER) lab, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada; Environment Science Program, Faculty of Environment, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N4Z9, Canada.
| | - Sunil Walia
- Materials Technology & Environmental Research (MATTER) lab, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
| | - Hossein Kazemian
- Materials Technology & Environmental Research (MATTER) lab, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada; Northern Analytical Lab Services (Northern BC's Environmental and Climate Solutions Innovation Hub), University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada; Environment Science Program, Faculty of Environment, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N4Z9, Canada.
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Sebastian SL, Kalivel P, Subbiah K, David JJ, Stephen AMM, Palanichamy J. Electrocoagulation using Ti/Ti for the remediation and reuse of aqueous Dispersive Blue-79. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:177. [PMID: 38243084 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12320-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The entire ecology is contaminated by the synthetic dyes that are widely utilised in the textile industries. They can be handled using a variety of technologies, but an eco-friendly method called electrocoagulation has been used to prevent additional contamination. Textile wastewater containing disperse dyes are successfully treated in Electrocoagulation (EC) utilizing Al, Fe, and Stainless Steel (SS), but it is not cost effective, also the treated water contains certain mg/L of the metals used, along with dye components, which obstructs the reuse of the same. The effects of initial pH, applied voltage, dye concentration, supporting electrolyte, and treatment time on the colour removal efficiency (CRE) and consumption of energy were examined in EC process followed by activated charcoal filtration (hybrid process) with a monopolar Ti/Ti electrode on the remediation of aqueous solution of Dispersive Blue-79 (dye 3G). The maximum CREobtained was 99.4%, chemical oxygen demand (COD) 93%, and biological oxygen demand (BOD) 85%, under the following optimized operating conditions, applied voltage 15 V, pH = 7, concentration of dye, electrolyte 110 mg/L, 0.2 g/L and time = 15 min. The overall operating cost for the treatment of aqueous dye 3G was 0.455US/m3. The mechanism of EC was studied using XPS analysis in the sludge obtained. For the purpose of the reuse, FTIR, AAS, and ICP-OES analysis were done and compared with the aqueous dye 3G, after EC and hybrid process to ensure the maximum removal of the degraded dye components and metal. ICP-OES results showed that there were no traces of metal in the treated aqueous dye 3G using this method. Throughout the study, the experimental outcomes indicated that the hybrid process upgraded the quality of the treated aqueous dye 3G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahaya Leenus Sebastian
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Parameswari Kalivel
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, 641114, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kavitha Subbiah
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jovitha Jane David
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Asath Murphy Maria Stephen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jegathambal Palanichamy
- Water Institute, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
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Aryanti PTP, Nugroho FA, Anwar N, Rusgiyarto F, Phalakornkule C, Kadier A. Integrated bipolar electrocoagulation and PVC-based ultrafiltration membrane process for palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 347:140637. [PMID: 37952820 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effectiveness of integrating electrocoagulation (EC) and ultrafiltration (UF) membranes for palm oil mill effluent (POME) wastewater treatment was investigated. The impact of various parameters on contaminant removal efficiency, including electrode configuration (monopolar and bipolar), number of anodes, agitation rate, and current density, was studied. The findings demonstrated that using bipolar (BP) electrodes in the EC reactor improved coagulation efficiency. However, an increase in agitation rate led to a decrease in removal efficiency. The electrode configuration of 2A-2C-2B achieved high contaminant removal with a lower electrode consumption compared to the 4A-2C and 4A-2C-2B configurations. The removal efficiencies for total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and biological oxygen demand (BOD) were 59.1%, 99.9%, 96.8%, and 96%, respectively. The operating cost for the electrode configuration of 2A-2C-2B was estimated to be 2.71 US$ m-3 at an effluent capacity of 50 m3 d-1 and 20 h d-1 of operating time, while the energy requirement was 6.20 kWh m-3. An increase in operating time from 5 to 24 h d-1 raised the specific operating cost from 2.17 to 2.85 US$ m-3. This study provides valuable insights into optimizing EC and UF processes for POME wastewater treatment, which could have significant implications for sustainable industrial practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putu Teta Prihartini Aryanti
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Jl. Terusan Jenderal Sudirman, Cimahi, West Java, Indonesia.
| | - Febrianto Adi Nugroho
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Jl. Terusan Jenderal Sudirman, Cimahi, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Nadiem Anwar
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Jl. Terusan Jenderal Sudirman, Cimahi, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ferry Rusgiyarto
- Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Jl. Terusan Jenderal Sudirman, Cimahi, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Chantaraporn Phalakornkule
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand; Research Center for Circular Products and Energy, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
| | - Abudukeremu Kadier
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Bhatt P, Engel BA, Shivaram KB, Turco RF, Zhou Z, Simsek H. Treatment and optimization of high-strength egg-wash wastewater effluent using electrocoagulation and electrooxidation methods. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 347:140632. [PMID: 37967677 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Egg-washing wastewater contains a high concentration of nutrition and organic matter since eggs are broken during the washing and cleaning processes. Moreover, the wastewater contains small amounts of detergents or sanitizing agents. These contaminants may pose environmental challenges when they are not properly managed or treated. The study scrutinizes the efficiency of electrocoagulation (EO) and electrooxidation (EO) approaches for egg-wash wastewater treatment. The response surface methodology was employed to optimize the operational parameters. The removal efficiencies of soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD 90%), ammonia (NH3-N 91%), nitrate (NO3--N 97%), nitrite (NO2--N 89.3%), total dissolved nitrogen (TDN 91%), and phosphate (90%) were measured under various treatment conditions. The optimum treatment conditions achieved in the combined EC + EO process were pH 6.0, current density 20 mA cm-2, and electrolysis time of 60 min, respectively. Degradation kinetics of the egg-wash pollutants showed a significant reduction in half-life (t1/2) with EO (after EC-Aluminum) at 15 min, 12 min, 17 min, and 15 min for sCOD, NO2--N. NO3--N, and TDN, respectively. Whereas the half-life of NH3-N (18 min) and phosphate (17 min) reduced significantly with the EO (after EC-iron). Al and Fe electrodes coupled with boron-doped diamond were found efficient for pollutant removal. Environmental implication. Egg-wash wastewater has a high protein content and contains nutrients that are essential for living organisms. While these compounds can be valuable for agricultural use by increasing soil phosphate concentration, they can also become an issue if the excess nutrients are not properly managed. The soil has a threshold limit for holding phosphate, and any excess amount may be transported through surface runoff or contaminate groundwater through leachate, potentially affecting aquatic ecosystems and water quality. This study explores the efficiency of electrocoagulation and electrooxidation methods in treating egg-wash wastewater. These methods aim to remove pollutants and reduce their environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Bhatt
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Bernard A Engel
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Karthik B Shivaram
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Ronald F Turco
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Zhi Zhou
- School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Division of Environmental & Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Halis Simsek
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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Chalaris M, Gkika DA, Tolkou AK, Kyzas GZ. Advancements and sustainable strategies for the treatment and management of wastewaters from metallurgical industries: an overview. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:119627-119653. [PMID: 37962753 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30891-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Metallurgy is pivotal for societal progress, yet it yields wastewater laden with hazardous compounds. Adhering to stringent environmental mandates, the scientific and industrial sectors are actively researching resilient treatment and disposal solutions for metallurgical effluents. The primary origins of organic pollutants within the metallurgical sector include processes such as coke quenching, steel rolling, solvent extraction, and electroplating. This article provides a detailed analysis of strategies for treating steel industry waste in wastewater treatment. Recent advancements in membrane technologies, adsorption, and various other processes for removing hazardous pollutants from steel industrial wastewater are comprehensively reviewed. The literature review reveals that advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) demonstrate superior effectiveness in eliminating persistent contaminants. However, the major challenges to their industrial-scale implementation are their cost and scalability. Additionally, it was discovered that employing a series of biological reactors instead of single-step biological processes enhances command over microbial communities and operating variables, thus boosting the efficacy of the treatment mechanism (e.g., achieving a chemical oxygen demand (COD) elimination rate of over 90%). This review seeks to conduct an in-depth examination of the current state of treating metallurgical wastewater, with a particular emphasis on strategies for pollutant removal. These pollutants exhibit distinct features influenced by the technologies and workflows unique to their respective processes, including factors such as their composition, physicochemical properties, and concentrations. Therefore, it is of utmost importance for customized treatment and disposal approaches, which are the central focus of this review. In this context, we will explore these methods, highlighting their advantages and characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Chalaris
- Hephaestus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, Kavala, Greece.
| | - Despina A Gkika
- Hephaestus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, Kavala, Greece
| | - Athanasia K Tolkou
- Hephaestus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, Kavala, Greece
| | - George Z Kyzas
- Hephaestus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, Kavala, Greece
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Tokay Yılmaz FG, Tekin G, Ersöz G, Atalay S. Reclamation of real textile wastewater by sequential advanced oxidation and adsorption processes using corn-cob based materials. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122196. [PMID: 37495039 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater management has become crucial for sustaining biological life in the near future. One of the key aspects is integration of treatment processes aiming reuse of treated water for many purposes instead of water discharge. This study focused on combining two different methods, photo-Fenton-like oxidation, and adsorption, for treatment of real textile wastewater to improve water quality to be reused for irrigation. The real textile wastewater was collected from a local plant and subjected to photo-Fenton-like oxidation and adsorption as hybrid process. The operational parameters were optimized for each step by assessing the water quality according to the domestic regulations for irrigation water. The photo-Fenton-like oxidation itself was not successful to achieve the targeted water quality for reuse whereas adsorption as an additional step made the treated water reusable in terms of organic content. But the treated water still contained a certain amount of salinity due to extreme salt usage in textile processing. It was concluded that the treated water at the end of hybrid process could be used for salinity resistant plants such as sugar beet, barley, and cotton which demonstrates a promising contribution to the circular economy for biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fehmiye Gül Tokay Yılmaz
- Ege University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, 35100 Bornova, İzmir, Turkey; Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, 35100 Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Gulen Tekin
- Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, 35100 Bornova, İzmir, Turkey.
| | - Gülin Ersöz
- Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, 35100 Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Süheyda Atalay
- Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, 35100 Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
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Ghaffarian Khorram A, Fallah N, Nasernejad B, Afsham N, Esmaelzadeh M, Vatanpour V. Electrochemical-based processes for produced water and oily wastewater treatment: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139565. [PMID: 37482313 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The greatest volume of by-products produced in oil and gas recovery operations is referred to as produced water and increasing environmental concerns and strict legislations on discharging it into the environment cause to more attention for focusing on degradation methods for treatment of produced water especially electrochemical technologies. This article provides an overview of electrochemical technologies for treating oily wastewater and produced water, including: electro-coagulation, electro-Fenton, electrochemical oxidation and electrochemical membrane reactor as a single stage and combination of these technologies as multi-stage treatment process. Many researchers have carried out experiments to examine the impact of various factors such as material (i.e, electrode material) and operational conditions (i.e., potential, current density, pH, electrode distance, and other factors) for organic elimination to obtain the high efficiency. Results of each method are reviewed and discussed according to these studies, comprehensively. Furthermore, several challenges need to be overcome and perspectives for future study are proposed for each method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Narges Fallah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bahram Nasernejad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Afsham
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Esmaelzadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Vatanpour
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran; National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Turkey.
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Nidheesh PV, Murshid A, Chanikya P. Combination of electrochemically activated persulfate process and electro-coagulation for the treatment of municipal landfill leachate with low biodegradability. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139449. [PMID: 37437613 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
To handle complex wastewater with limited biodegradability, hybrid treatment systems are necessary. The current study represents the combined effectiveness of sulfate-radical associated electro-chemical advanced oxidation process (SR-EAOP) and electro-coagulation (EC) for the treatment of stabilized landfill leachate. For SR-EAOP, Pt/Ti was employed as the anode and an iron plate as the cathode; while EC treatment was performed by switching the polarity. Hence, both electrochemical treatment was carried out in single reactor. Initially, the effects of pH, applied voltage, persulfate and Fe2+ dosage, on the performance of SR-EAOP was examined. Sulfate radical was generated in the electrolytic system via cathodic reduction of persulfate (PS) and ferrous (Fe2+) ion activation. Auxiliary processes such as anodic oxidation via Pt/Ti anode and indirect electro-chemical oxidation were also contributed for pollutant degradation. Combined process SR-EAOP followed by EC (SR-EAOP + EC) has better leachate treatment efficacy in comparison with EC + SR-EAOPs. The SR-EAOP + EC based combined treatment mechanism achieved an efficient COD reduction of 88.67% than that of EC + SR - EAOP process (74.51% COD reduction). Characterization studies have been carried out for post-treated dried-sludge using Field Emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) techniques. The combined process treatment (SR-EAOP + EC) can be applied as pre-treatment for leachate decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Nidheesh
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, India.
| | - A Murshid
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, India; Sacred Heart College, Thevara, Kochi, 682013, India
| | - P Chanikya
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, India
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El Jery A, Salman HM, Al-Ansari N, Sammen SS, Maktoof MAJ, A. Z. AL-bonsrulah H. Optimization of oil industry wastewater treatment system and proposing empirical correlations for chemical oxygen demand removal using electrocoagulation and predicting the system's performance by artificial neural network. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15852. [PMID: 37780384 PMCID: PMC10538301 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The alarming pace of environmental degradation necessitates the treatment of wastewater from the oil industry in order to ensure the long-term sustainability of human civilization. Electrocoagulation has emerged as a promising method for optimizing the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from wastewater obtained from oil refineries. Therefore, in this study, electrocoagulation was experimentally investigated, and a single-factorial approach was employed to identify the optimal conditions, taking into account various parameters such as current density, pH, COD concentration, electrode surface area, and NaCl concentration. The experimental findings revealed that the most favorable conditions for COD removal were determined to be 24 mA/cm2 for current density, pH 8, a COD concentration of 500 mg/l, an electrode surface area of 25.26 cm2, and a NaCl concentration of 0.5 g/l. Correlation equations were proposed to describe the relationship between COD removal and the aforementioned parameters, and double-factorial models were examined to analyze the impact of COD removal over time. The most favorable outcomes were observed after a reaction time of 20 min. Furthermore, an artificial neural network model was developed based on the experimental data to predict COD removal from wastewater generated by the oil industry. The model exhibited a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.12% and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.99, indicating its high accuracy. These findings suggest that machine learning-based models have the potential to effectively predict COD removal and may even serve as viable alternatives to traditional experimental and numerical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atef El Jery
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, King Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayder Mahmood Salman
- Department of Computer Science, Al-Turath University College Al Mansour, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Nadhir Al-Ansari
- Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, Sweden
| | - Saad Sh. Sammen
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Diyala, Diyala Governorate, Iraq
| | | | - Hussein A. Z. AL-bonsrulah
- Mechanical Power Technical Engineering Department, Al-Amarah University College, Maysan, Iraq., Maysan, Iraq
- Department of Computer Techniques Engineering Al Safwa University College, Karbala, Iraq
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13
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Mallick S, Das S. Acid-tolerant bacteria and prospects in industrial and environmental applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:3355-3374. [PMID: 37093306 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12529-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Acid-tolerant bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans, Acidobacterium capsulatum, Escherichia coli, and Propionibacterium acidipropionici have developed several survival mechanisms to sustain themselves in various acid stress conditions. Some bacteria survive by minor changes in the environmental pH. In contrast, few others adapt different acid tolerance mechanisms, including amino acid decarboxylase acid resistance systems, mainly glutamate-dependent acid resistance (GDAR) and arginine-dependent acid resistance (ADAR) systems. The cellular mechanisms of acid tolerance include cell membrane alteration in Acidithiobacillus thioxidans, proton elimination by F1-F0-ATPase in Streptococcus pyogenes, biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, cytoplasmic urease activity in Streptococcus mutans, synthesis of the protective cloud of ammonia, and protection or repair of macromolecules in Bacillus caldontenax. Apart from cellular mechanisms, there are several acid-tolerant genes such as gadA, gadB, adiA, adiC, cadA, cadB, cadC, speF, and potE that help the bacteria to tolerate the acidic environment. This acid tolerance behavior provides new and broad prospects for different industrial applications and the bioremediation of environmental pollutants. The development of engineered strains with acid-tolerant genes may improve the efficiency of the transgenic bacteria in the treatment of acidic industrial effluents. KEY POINTS: • Bacteria tolerate the acidic stress by methylating unsaturated phospholipid tail • The activity of decarboxylase systems for acid tolerance depends on pH • Genetic manipulation of acid-tolerant genes improves acid tolerance by the bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souradip Mallick
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769 008, Odisha, India
| | - Surajit Das
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769 008, Odisha, India.
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14
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Genethliou C, Tatoulis T, Charalampous N, Dailianis S, Tekerlekopoulou AG, Vayenas DV. Treatment of raw sanitary landfill leachate using a hybrid pilot-scale system comprising adsorption, electrocoagulation and biological process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 330:117129. [PMID: 36584456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of a three-stage pilot approach using adsorption (AD), electrocoagulation (EC) and biological (BIO) processes for the treatment of raw sanitary landfill leachate (SLL) was investigated. SLL is loaded with hazardous substances such as organic load and heavy metals with high ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) concentrations and is also produced in large quantities, causing serious risks to both living organisms and the environment. In this study, column adsorption experiments were initially performed to examine the removal of toxic NH4+-N using different initial NH4+-N concentrations and recirculation flow rates. The adsorption process was then examined as a pre-treatment step in two sequential treatment scenarios, i.e., AD-EC-BIO and AD-BIO-EC, to determine which achieved the highest removal of pollutants and leachate toxic potential, thus ensuring the biosafety of these processes during the release of the respective effluents into surface waters. The overall removal efficiencies of NH4+-N, color, dissolved chemical oxygen demand (d-COD), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) achieved after the application of the AD-EC-BIO system were 95.5 ± 0.1%, 98.8 ± 0.1%, 85.7 ± 0.8%, 100 ± 0.1%, 71.4 ± 1.7%, 63.8 ± 1.9% and 94.2 ± 0.2%, respectively, while the values for the AD-BIO-EC system were 98.5 ± 0.2%, 98.7 ± 0.1%, 85.7 ± 0.4%, 98.9 ± 1.2%, 67.7 ± 1.7%, 76.1 ± 1.6% and 94.8 ± 0.1%, respectively. In accordance with the latter, the assessment of leachate toxic potential using a Thamnocephalus platyurus bioassay revealed that the AD-EC-BIO system could be considered a promising treatment strategy for the purification of raw SLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Genethliou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, GR-26504, Rion, Patras, Greece
| | - T Tatoulis
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, 2 G. Seferi Str., GR-30100, Agrinio, Greece
| | - N Charalampous
- Department of Biology, University of Patras, GR-26500, Rion, Patras, Greece
| | - S Dailianis
- Department of Biology, University of Patras, GR-26500, Rion, Patras, Greece
| | - A G Tekerlekopoulou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, 2 G. Seferi Str., GR-30100, Agrinio, Greece.
| | - D V Vayenas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, GR-26504, Rion, Patras, Greece; Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), GR-26504, Patras, Greece
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15
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Pani N, T S AS, Menon PM, Boruah S, Patel B, Kaul DS. Electrocoagulation followed by sound agitation for removal of nitrogen and carbon-based pollutants from industrial wastewater. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 86:2861-2877. [PMID: 36515194 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The herculean imprecation of nitrogen-based pollutant like ammoniacal nitrogen (AN) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) on aquatic milieu is now a concern for the dye, pharma and fertiliser industries. Wastewater from these is characterised with high concentration of AN, COD and total dissolved solids (TDS), treatment of which is of utmost importance for a cleaner environment. In the current research work, an attempt was made to apply integrated electro-coagulation (EC) - sonication process for the removal of COD and AN from highly acidic dye intermediate wastewater containing high to very high concentration of COD and AN. Systematic laboratory experiments were conducted for the treatment of dye intermediate wastewater and influences of pH (5-11), applied voltage (0.5-4V) and electrolysis time (30-120 min) were investigated. A Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used for optimization of major operating parameters for EC. The conditions for minimum fraction remaining (C/C0), was found to be same for both COD and AN, i.e. pH 7, time 90 min and applied voltage 2V. The C/Co value for COD and AN were 0.244 and 0.302, respectively. The C/Co value of COD and AN in combined EC-Sonication process with optimum operating conditions were 0.145 and 0.228 respectively with sonication time 60 min at a frequency of 33 kHz. Thus, EC - sonication process is an efficacious process for their removal from dye industrial wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nibedita Pani
- Department of Science, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anantha Singh T S
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, India E-mail:
| | - Poornima M Menon
- Department of Civil Engineering, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Shrestha Boruah
- Department of Civil Engineering, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhavi Patel
- Department of Civil Engineering, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Daya Shankar Kaul
- Department of Civil Engineering, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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16
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Nidheesh PV, Khan FM, Kadier A, Akansha J, Bote ME, Mousazadeh M. Removal of nutrients and other emerging inorganic contaminants from water and wastewater by electrocoagulation process. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135756. [PMID: 35917977 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The continual discharge of emerging inorganic pollutants into natural aquatic systems and their negative effects on the environment have motivated the researchers to explore and develop clean and efficient water treatment strategies. Electrocoagulation (EC) is a rapid and promising pollutant removal approach that does not require any chemical additives or complicated process management. Therefore, inorganic pollutant treatment via the EC process is considered one of the most feasible processes. The potential developments of EC process may make the process a wise choice for water treatment in the future. Thus, the present study mainly focuses on the use of EC technology to remove nutrients and other emerging inorganic pollutants from water medium. The operating factors that influence EC process efficiency are explained. The major advancement of the EC technique as well as field-implemented units are also discussed. Overall, this study mainly focuses on emerging issues, present advancements, and techno-economic considerations in EC process.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Nidheesh
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440020, India.
| | - Farhan M Khan
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440020, India
| | - Abudukeremu Kadier
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - J Akansha
- School of Civil Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Katpadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India
| | - Million Ebba Bote
- Department of Water Supply and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, PoBox - 378, Ethiopia
| | - Milad Mousazadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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17
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Garg R, Singh SK. Treatment technologies for sustainable management of wastewater from iron and steel industry - a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:75203-75222. [PMID: 36136191 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The iron and steel industries are a vital driving force for propelling the nation's economic growth. In 2019, to boost the economy and to achieve the target of five trillion economies by 2024, government of India entails investments in several steel-related sectors. However, since their inception, steel and iron industries have been coupled with extensive environmental pollution and vast water utilization. Discharged effluent from the different units of plant loaded with toxic, hazardous, and unused components which have various harmful environmental and health impacts and need treatment. In the present review, the pollutants treatment efficiency of various treatment techniques, effluent volume product quality, and various measures for sound management of wastewater are reviewed. As most conventional wastewater treatment methods are not sufficient for complete reclamation and remediation of effluent, the potential of more advanced treatment such as membrane separation and membrane bioreactors is relatively untouched. In the end, this paper concluded that the integrated system combining chemical treatment with membrane separation can ensure a worthy rate of pollutant removal. Reuse and effective management of wastewater with process intensification guarantee commercial viability and eco-friendliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachna Garg
- Department of Environment Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Department of Environment Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India.
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18
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Can-Güven E, Yazici Guvenc S, Ilhan F, Varank G. Application of combined EO/PMS/Me 2+ process in organic matter and true color removal from paint manufacturing industry wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113451. [PMID: 35537495 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of paint manufacturing industry wastewater by electrooxidation (EO) process in which peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and transition metals are added was investigated. In the EO/PMS process, graphite was the cathode while different anode materials (Ti/IrO2, Ti/RuO2, and Ti/SnO2) were used. The anode with the highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) and true color removal efficiency was selected. To determine the catalyst effect on the process, different transition metals (Fe2+, Cu2+, Zn2+) were added and Fe2+ was chosen as the catalyst which provided higher removal efficiency and lower cost. The central composite design was applied for the optimization of the process variables of the EO/PMS/Fe2+ process. Current density, PMS dose, Fe2+ dose, and reaction time were process variables whereas COD and true color removal efficiency were system responses. Under optimum conditions (200 A/m2 current density, 14 mM PMS dose, 2.5 mM Fe2+ dose, 60 min reaction time), the estimated COD and true color removal efficiency by the model were 74.89% and 99.86%, respectively. The experimentally obtained COD and true color removal efficiencies as a result of validation studies were 74.28% and 99.03%, respectively. Quenching experiments showed that hydroxyl and sulfate radicals were both involved in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Can-Güven
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, 34220, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Senem Yazici Guvenc
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, 34220, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ilhan
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, 34220, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gamze Varank
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, 34220, Istanbul, Turkey
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19
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Oladipo AA, Mustafa FS, Ezugwu ON, Gazi M. Efficient removal of antibiotic in single and binary mixture of nickel by electrocoagulation process: Hydrogen generation and cost analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 300:134532. [PMID: 35398471 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In discharged water, antibiotics and heavy metals frequently coexist, forming stable and recalcitrant complexes. Environmental concerns about how to efficiently treat this type of pollution are growing. Using Fe and Al electrodes, electrocoagulation (EC) was applied to remove tetracycline (TC) as a single pollutant as well as TC-nickel ions in a binary mixture from water. The effects of critical variables and the TC-Ni molar ratio (1:1, 1:2, and 2:1) were studied. The Fe electrode achieved 99.3% TC removal after 60 min in a single pollutant system containing 15 mgL-1 of TC, while the Al electrode achieved 99.8% removal in 20 min at optimal conditions. The EC process demonstrated excellent electrodegradation efficiency towards TC-Ni complexes. When the TC to Ni2+ ratio was 1:1 and 1:2, respectively, TC elimination was 100% in 10 min and 99.6% in 20 min. We noted that a sufficient amount of Ni2+ could increase TC decomposition by electrocatalysis. The amount of hydrogen gas produced after treatment of a 0.2 L TC solution alone is 22.2-13.99 mol m-3, whereas it was 27.2-40.8 mol m-3 in the TC-Ni binary mixture, which can generate more than 35% of the electrical energy needed to power the EC system. To evaluate the generated sludge, FTIR analysis was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo
- Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta TR North Cyprus, via Mersin 10, Turkey.
| | - Faisal Suleiman Mustafa
- Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta TR North Cyprus, via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Obinna Nestor Ezugwu
- Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta TR North Cyprus, via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Gazi
- Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta TR North Cyprus, via Mersin 10, Turkey
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20
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Treatment of petroleum wastewater by electrocoagulation using scrap perforated (Fe-anode) and plate (Al and Fe-cathode) metals: Optimization of operating parameters by RSM. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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22
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Das PP, Sharma M, Purkait MK. Recent progress on electrocoagulation process for wastewater treatment: A review. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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ADOU KE, KOUAKOU AR, EHOUMAN AD, TYAGI RD, DROGUI P, ADOUBY K. Coupling anaerobic digestion process and electrocoagulation using iron and aluminium electrodes for slaughterhouse wastewater treatment. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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24
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Wan Y, Liu J, Pi F, Wang J. Advances on removal of organophosphorus pesticides with electrochemical technology. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8850-8867. [PMID: 35426753 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2062586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Widespread use of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs), especially superfluous and unreasonable use, had brought huge harm to the environment and food chain. It is because only a small part of the pesticides sprayed reached the target, and the rest slid across the soil, causing pollution of groundwater and surface water resources. These pesticides accumulate in the environment, causing environmental pollution. Therefore, in recent years, the control and degradation of OPs have become a public spotlight and research hotspot. Due to its unique advantages such as versatility, environmental compatibility, controllability, and cost-effectiveness compatibility, electrochemical technology has become one of the most promising methods for degradation of OPs. The fundamental knowledge about electrochemical degradation on OPs was introduced in this review. Then, a comprehensive overview of four main types of practical electrochemical technologies to degrade pesticides were presented and evaluated. The knowledge contained herein should conduce to better understand the degradation of pesticides by electrochemical technology, and better exploit the degradation of pesticides in the environment and food. Overall, the objective of this review is to provide comprehensive guidance for rational design and application of electrochemical technology in the degradation of OPs for the safety of the environment and food chain in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuwei Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahua Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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25
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Hassani A, Malhotra M, Karim AV, Krishnan S, Nidheesh PV. Recent progress on ultrasound-assisted electrochemical processes: A review on mechanism, reactor strategies, and applications for wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112463. [PMID: 34856168 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) have received significant attention among the many other water and wastewater treatment technologies. However, achieving a desirable removal effect with a single technique is frequently difficult. Therefore, the integration of ultrasound technique with other processes such as electrocoagulation, electro-Fenton, and electrooxidation is a critical way to achieve effective organic pollutants decomposition from wastewater. This review paper is focused on ultrasound-assisted electrochemical (US/electrochemical) processes, so-called sonoelectrochemical processes of various organic pollutants. Emphasis was given to recently published articles for discussing the results and trends in this research area. The use of ultrasound and integration with electrochemical processes has a synergistic impact owing to the physical and chemical consequences of cavitation, resulting in enhancing the mineralization of organic pollutants. Various types of sonoelectrochemical reactors (batch and continuous) employed in the US/electrochemical processes were reviewed. In addition, the strategies to avoid passivation, enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species, and mixing effect are reviewed. Finally, concluding remarks and future perspectives on this research topic are also explored and recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydin Hassani
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, TRNC, Mersin 10, Turkey.
| | - Milan Malhotra
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India
| | - Ansaf V Karim
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India
| | - Sukanya Krishnan
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India
| | - P V Nidheesh
- CSIR National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
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26
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Bajpai M, Katoch SS, Kadier A, Singh A. A review on electrocoagulation process for the removal of emerging contaminants: theory, fundamentals, and applications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:15252-15281. [PMID: 34978675 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18348-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) is an excellent and promising technology in wastewater treatment, as it combines the benefits of coagulation, flotation, and electrochemistry. During the last decade, extensive researches have focused on removal of emerging contaminants by using electrocoagualtion, due to its several advantages like compactness, cost-effectiveness, efficiency, low sludge production, and eco-friendness. Emerging contaminants (ECs) are micropollutants found in trace amounts that discharging into conventional wastewater treatment (WWT) plants entering surface waters and imposing a high threat to human and aquatic life. Various studies reveal that about 90% of emerging contaminants are disposed unscientifically into water bodies, creating problems to public health and environment. The studies on removal of emerging contaminants from wastewater are by global researchers are critically reviewed. The core findings proved that still more research required into optimization of parameters, system design, and economic feasibility to explore the potential of EC combined systems. This review has introduced an innovative collection of current knowledge on electro-coagulation for the removal of emerging contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Bajpai
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Civil Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, 177005, India.
| | - Surjit Singh Katoch
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Civil Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, 177005, India
| | - Abudukeremu Kadier
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Adarsh Singh
- Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
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27
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Patel RK, Shankar R, Khare P, Mondal P. Ultrasonication coupled electrochemical treatment of sugar industry wastewater: Optimization, and economic evaluation. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-1046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Afshar Moghaddam M, Seyyedi K. Optimization of the Sunset Yellow dye removal by electrocoagulation using a response surface method. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:206-219. [PMID: 35050877 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, among the various treatment methods, the electrocoagulation process has been used for the treatment of effluents containing various dye pollutants. Sunset Yellow (S.Y.) azo dye is one of the common food colors widely used in various food industries. This study investigated the removal of the dye S.Y. from aqueous media by the electrocoagulation method in an electrochemical reactor using concentric iron electrodes. The experiments were designed using the response surface method (RSM) with the help of Minitab software in such a way that the effect of various process-influencing parameters, such as current density, electrolysis time, electrolyte concentration, pH of the solution, and the effluent flow rate, on the desired pollutant removal efficiency was investigated. According to the results of the process optimization by RSM, the optimal conditions for the process were obtained as follows: pH of 10, current density of 2.65 mA/cm2, electrolysis time of 42.32 min, initial dye concentration of 20 mg/L, and effluent flow rate of 2.5 L/min. Under the above optimal conditions, the efficiency of dye removal was more than 99%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Afshar Moghaddam
- Department of Chemistry, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz 5157944533, Iran E-mail:
| | - Kambiz Seyyedi
- Department of Chemistry, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz 5157944533, Iran E-mail:
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Al-Raad AA, Hanafiah MM. Removal of inorganic pollutants using electrocoagulation technology: A review of emerging applications and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 300:113696. [PMID: 34509809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (ECoag) technique has shown considerable potential as an effective method in separating different types of pollutants (including inorganic pollutants) from various sources of water at a lower cost, and that is environmentally friendly. The EC method's performance depends on several significant parameters, including current density, reactor geometry, pH, operation time, the gap between electrodes, and agitation speed. There are some challenges related to the ECoag technique, for example, energy consumption, and electrode passivation as well as its implementation at a larger scale. This review highlights the recent studies published about ECoag capacity to remove inorganic pollutants (including salts), the emerging reactors, and the effect of reactor geometry designs. In addition, this paper highlights the integration of the ECoag technique with other advanced technologies such as microwave and ultrasonic to achieve higher removal efficiencies. This paper also presents a critical discussion of the major and minor reactions of the electrocoagulation technique with several significant operational parameters, emerging designs of the ECoag cell, operating conditions, and techno-economic analysis. Our review concluded that optimizing the operating parameters significantly enhanced the efficiency of the ECoag technique and reduced overall operating costs. Electrodes geometry has been recommended to minimize the passivation phenomenon, promote the conductivity of the cell, and reduce energy consumption. In this review, several challenges and gaps were identified, and insights for future development were discussed. We recommend that future studies investigate the effect of other emerging parameters like perforated and ball electrodes on the ECoag technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas A Al-Raad
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia; Ababil School, Al-Muthanna Education Directorate, Samawa, 66001, Iraq
| | - Marlia M Hanafiah
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia; Centre for Tropical Climate Change System, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia.
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30
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Bajpai M, Katoch SS, Kadier A, Ma PC. Treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater containing cefazolin by electrocoagulation (EC): Optimization of various parameters using response surface methodology (RSM), kinetics and isotherms study. Chem Eng Res Des 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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31
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Jose A, Pai SDKR, Pinheiro D, Kasinathan K. Visible light photodegradation of organic dyes using electrochemically synthesized MoO 3/ZnO. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:52202-52215. [PMID: 34003439 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14311-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, flake-like MoO3-ZnO composite was prepared using a simple and robust electrochemical setup. The composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, photoluminescence, zeta potential analysis, and electrochemical impedance study. The modified ZnO shows a remarkable catalytic activity towards the photodegradation of three potentially hazardous dyes, malachite green, crystal violet, and methylene blue. More than 95% of both malachite green and crystal violet degraded within 140 min under visible light irradiation. Scavenger studies reveal that OH· radicals produced by the photo-separated charges on MoO3-ZnO are responsible for the degradation of all three dyes. The photoactive charge carriers show less recombination rate as evidenced by the photoluminescence spectrum due to the interparticle charge migration process. This work suggests a new versatile procedure for the synthesis of MoO3-ZnO composites and establishes its photocatalytic efficacy under visible light with three common pollutant dyes found in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Jose
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | | | - Dephan Pinheiro
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Karthik Kasinathan
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
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32
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Ahmad A, Priyadarshini M, Das S, Ghangrekar MM. Electrocoagulation as an efficacious technology for the treatment of wastewater containing active pharmaceutical compounds: a review. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2021.1972011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Azhan Ahmad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Monali Priyadarshini
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Sovik Das
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Makarand Madhao Ghangrekar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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33
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Fabrication of nickel-iron layered double hydroxides using nickel plating wastewater via electrocoagulation, and its use for efficient dye removal. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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34
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Mousazadeh M, Niaragh EK, Usman M, Khan SU, Sandoval MA, Al-Qodah Z, Khalid ZB, Gilhotra V, Emamjomeh MM. A critical review of state-of-the-art electrocoagulation technique applied to COD-rich industrial wastewaters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:43143-43172. [PMID: 34164789 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14631-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) is one of the emerging technologies in groundwater and wastewater treatment as it combines the benefits of coagulation, sedimentation, flotation, and electrochemical oxidation processes. Extensive research efforts implementing EC technology have been executed over the last decade to treat chemical oxygen demand (COD)-rich industrial wastewaters with the aim to protect freshwater streams (e.g., rivers, lakes) from pollution. A comprehensive review of the available recent literature utilizing EC to treat wastewater with high COD levels is presented. In addition, recommendations are provided for future studies to improve the EC technology and broaden its range of application. This review paper introduces some technologies which are often adopted for industrial wastewater treatment. Then, the EC process is compared with those techniques as a treatment for COD-rich wastewater. The EC process is considered as the most privileged technology by different research groups owing to its ability to deal with abundant volumes of wastewater. After, the application of EC as a single and combined treatment for COD-rich wastewaters is thoroughly reviewed. Finally, this review attempts to highlight the potentials and limitations of EC. Related to the EC process in batch operation mode, the best operational conditions are found at 10 V and 60 min of voltage and reaction time, respectively. These last values guarantee high COD removal efficiencies of > 90%. This review also concludes that considerably large operation costs of the EC process appears to be the serious drawback and renders it as an unfeasible approach for handling of COD rich wastewaters. In the end, this review has attempted to highlights the potential and limitation of EC and suggests that vast notably research in the field of continuous flow EC system is essential to introduce this technology as a convincing wastewater technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Mousazadeh
- Student research committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Elnaz Karamati Niaragh
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Institute for Water Resources and Water Supply, Hamburg University of Technology, Am Schwarzenberg-Campus 3, 20173, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Saif Ullah Khan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Zakir Husain College of Engineering & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., 202001, India
| | - Miguel Angel Sandoval
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Laboratorio de Electroquímica Medio Ambiental, LEQMA, Universidad de Santiago de Chile USACH, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, 36050, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Zakaria Al-Qodah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Zaied Bin Khalid
- Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Vishakha Gilhotra
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Emamjomeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
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35
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Ratna S, Rastogi S, Kumar R. Current trends for distillery wastewater management and its emerging applications for sustainable environment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 290:112544. [PMID: 33862317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol distillation generates a huge volume of unwanted chemical liquid known as distillery wastewater. Distillery wastewater is acidic, dark brown having high biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, contains various salt contents, and heavy metals. Inadequate and indiscriminate disposal of distillery wastewater deteriorates the quality of the soil, water, and ultimately groundwater. Its direct exposure via food web shows toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic effects on aquatic-terrestrial organisms including humans. So, there is an urgent need for its proper management. For this purpose, a group of researchers applied distillery wastewater for fertigation while others focused on its physico-chemical, biological treatment approaches. But until now no cutting-edge technology has been proposed for its effective management. So, it becomes imperative to comprehend its toxicity, treatment methods, and implication for environmental sustainability. This paper reviews the last decade's research data on advanced physico-chemical, biological, and combined (physico-chemical and biological) methods to treat distillery wastewater and its reuse aspects. Finally, it revealed that the combined methods along with the production of value-added products are one of the best options for distillery wastewater management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheel Ratna
- Rhizosphere Biology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, India.
| | - Swati Rastogi
- Rhizosphere Biology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Rhizosphere Biology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, India
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36
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Gao W, Alkhalifa Z, Fatehi P. Generation of sulfonated kraft lignin acrylic acid polymer and its use as a flocculant. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2020.1784944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weijue Gao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Green Processes Research Centre, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada
| | - Zainab Alkhalifa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Green Processes Research Centre, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Green Processes Research Centre, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
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37
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Bhagawati PB, Shivayogimath CB. Electrochemical technique for paper mill effluent degradation using concentric aluminum tube electrodes (CATE ). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2021; 19:553-564. [PMID: 34150258 PMCID: PMC8172707 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-021-00627-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Taguchi experimental design was used to the optimize operating parameters for the degradation of paper mill effluent using electrochemical (EC) process with two-dimensional concentric aluminum tube electrodes (CATE). For this purpose, four significant experimental factors were used in four levels pH (6-9), electrolysis time (10-40 min), voltage (6-12 V) and surface area (357-624 cm2). The process parameters were optimized, through performing L16 orthogonal array of Taguchi technique, for the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and turbidity. The percent COD and turbidity reductions were transferred into an accurate S/N ratio for a larger value is the better (LBT) response. The study presents a unique method of finding optimum combination of process parameters to illustrate their effect on the turbidity and COD reduction. The treatment conditions for the maximum elimination of the pollutants were second level of pH (7), third level of ET (30 min), fourth level of voltage (12 V) and second level of surface area (446 cm2). The confirmation experiment results were within the confidence intervals (CI) indicating an acceptable agreement between predicted and observed values. Based on the p-values, the electrolysis time and voltages were found to be the most significant factors for both COD and turbidity reduction. The findings of research indicated, that the Taguchi method can be used successfully for the treatment of paper industry effluent by electrochemical technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Basavaraj Bhagawati
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Annasaheb Dange College of Engineering and Technology, Ashta, Maharashtra 416301 India
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Basaveshwar Engineering College, Bagalkot, Karnataka 587102 India
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38
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Sahu O. Suitability of electro-chemical reactor with copper electrode for sugar industry wastewater treatment: optimization of parameters, mechanism, kinetics and sludge analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2021-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The waste water generated from sugar industry contains a high degree of organic pollutant. Treating the sugar industry wastewater is thus crucial important for the environmental concern. The treated water can be reprocessed in different unit operation due to lack of fresh water. The purpose of this research work is to treat the sugarcane processing industry wastewater by electrochemical technology. The experiment was carried out with the copper electrode in batch mode. The input process parameters were optimized by using response surface methodology. At optimum condition at pH 6.79, current 4.97, electrode distance 1.41 and treatment ∼30 min, maximum 87.07% of chemical oxygen demand and 99.18% color removals was attained. A fairly high predicted value of regression coefficient for chemical oxygen demand (Pre-R
2) 0.81 and color (Pre-R
2) 0.851 and adjacent value for chemical oxygen demand (Adj-R
2) 0.46 and color (Adj-R
2) 0.589 was obtained between the experimental values and the calculate values by using a second-order regression model. The physicochemical characterizations of scum reveal less percentage of inorganic and it cane used as a micronutrient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omprakash Sahu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , UIE Chandigarh University , Mohali , India
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39
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Bargaoui M, Jellali S, Azzaz AA, Jeguirim M, Akrout H. Optimization of hybrid treatment of olive mill wastewaters through impregnation onto raw cypress sawdust and electrocoagulation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:24470-24485. [PMID: 32337671 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08907-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This research investigation proposes a new method for sustainable olive mill wastewater (OMW) treatment and handling. It is based on the combination of its impregnation onto raw cypress sawdust (RCS) followed by electrocoagulation. The retention of OMW compounds onto various RCS doses show an important decrease of its chemical oxygen demand (COD) and its main cation and anion content. The maximum retention efficiencies of COD, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] were about 51.0%, 75.3%, 28.7%, 77.9%, 84.7%, 41.1%, 98.3%, and 90.9%, respectively, for the highest RCS dose (200 g L-1). This organic matter- and nutrient-loaded biomass could be thermochemically converted through pyrolysis into biofuel and biochar for energetic and agronomic purposes, respectively. The treatment by electrocoagulation of the pre-treated OMW using mild steel electrodes could be considered an attractive treatment method since 75.6% of COD removal efficiency was achieved. Besides, this approach permits a significant energy consumption reduction by 46% as compared with the electrocoagulation process alone. It allows also a significant improvement of the treated effluent quality in terms of both organic and mineral contents that could be reused for the irrigation of olive trees in the context of circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Bargaoui
- Wastewaters and Environment Laboratory, Water Research and Technologies Center (CERTE), Technopark Borj Cedria, Carthage University, BP 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Salah Jellali
- PEIE Research Chair for the Development of Industrial Estates and Free Zones, Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, 123, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Ahmed Amine Azzaz
- University of Haute-Alsace, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100, Mulhouse, France
| | - Mejdi Jeguirim
- University of Haute-Alsace, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100, Mulhouse, France
| | - Hanene Akrout
- Wastewaters and Environment Laboratory, Water Research and Technologies Center (CERTE), Technopark Borj Cedria, Carthage University, BP 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia
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40
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Performance, Energy and Cost of Produced Water Treatment by Chemical and Electrochemical Coagulation. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12123426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The separation performance, energy demand, and operating costs of electro-coagulation (EC) are compared to conventional chemical coagulation for oil–water separation using a simulated oil- and gas-produced water matrix. An iron-based chemical coagulant and sacrificial iron electrodes are evaluated. Effluent turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), and oil and grease (O&G) removal were determined for various coagulant concentrations and reaction times and current densities. Chemical coagulation produced superior turbidity removal when scaled by the total iron dose. At lower iron doses (<500 mg/L), chemical coagulation yielded better COD, turbidity, and O&G removal. However, chemical coagulation was unable to effectively remove contaminants to meet the offshore discharge limit of 29 ppm O&G. At higher iron doses, EC was more effective at removing COD and O&G. The energy consumption of EC was found to be much higher even when factoring in the energy of production, transporting, and mixing of chemical coagulants, but the overall cost of EC was approximately half the cost of chemical coagulation, and more effective at O&G removal.
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41
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Akansha J, Nidheesh PV, Gopinath A, Anupama KV, Suresh Kumar M. Treatment of dairy industry wastewater by combined aerated electrocoagulation and phytoremediation process. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126652. [PMID: 32272308 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As dairy industries has been emerged as one of the most rapidly developing industry in both small as well as large scale, the volume of effluent generated is also very high. In the present study, aerated electrocoagulation combined with phytoremediation treatment was conducted in dairy industry wastewater. Electrocoagulation was performed with aluminium and iron electrodes and effect of various operating parameters such as electrode combination, pH, and voltage were tested. Electrocoagulation was found effective at neutral pH and its efficiency increased with increase in applied voltage. The maximum COD removal efficiency of 86.4% was obtained in case of Al-Fe electrode combination with aeration at 120 min reaction time, initial pH 7, voltage 5 V. Significant growth of Canna indica was observed in electrocoagulation treated wastewater compared to raw dairy wastewater. COD removal of 97% was achieved when combined electrocoagulation and phytoremediation process was used. Thus, it proves to be a proficient method for the treatment of dairy industry wastewater. In addition to the above, bacterial toxicity tests were performed to investigate the toxic nature of wastewater and the results showed that both treated and untreated wastewater favoured bacterial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Akansha
- CSIR National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India; Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - P V Nidheesh
- CSIR National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Ashitha Gopinath
- CSIR National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - K V Anupama
- CSIR National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - M Suresh Kumar
- CSIR National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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42
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Syam Babu D, Nidheesh PV. A review on electrochemical treatment of arsenic from aqueous medium. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2020.1715956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Syam Babu
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - P. V. Nidheesh
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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