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Li P, Alhumaid MM, Wang H, Li H, Zhao S. Correlation research on physical activity and executive function in female college students with subclinical depression. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1403471. [PMID: 38835550 PMCID: PMC11148427 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1403471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Researchers have found that there may be a correlation between physical activity, executive function, and depression for college students with depression. However, there is limited information available regarding the relationship and interaction between subclinical depression, physical activity, and executive function among college students with subclinical depression. The purpose of this study is to assess the correlation and interaction between subclinical depression, physical activity, and executive function in female college students with subclinical depression. The ActiGraph GT3X was utilized to measure physical activity time, and the colour-word Stroop task was employed to evaluate the executive function of the participants. The findings revealed that female college students with subclinical depression had a significantly lower time for moderate-intensity physical activity compared to healthy female college students. Additionally, the subclinical depression group took significantly longer to complete the colour-word Stroop task compared to the healthy group of female college students. The results of correlation and mediation analyses suggest a negative correlation between BDI-II scores and physical activity time and executive function in female college students with subclinical depression. Moreover, executive function appears to play a partial mediating role in the relationship between physical activity and subclinical depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang, China
| | - Majed M Alhumaid
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haiyan Wang
- School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai Jian Qiao University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Li
- College of Sport, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, China
| | - Shanguang Zhao
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
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De Leon AN, Peterson R, Leary AV, Burr EK, Cora JL, Dvorak RD. Protective behavioral strategies as a protective factor against suicidal ideation among college student drinkers. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:947-956. [PMID: 35427457 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2063023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Research shows that alcohol use is linked to suicidal ideation (SI), while depression is strongly associated with SI. Protective behavioral strategies (PBS) are safe drinking strategies. PBS are broadly protective across alcohol-related problems; however, it is unclear if these effects extend to those at risk for SI. We hypothesized that alcohol use and depressive symptoms would be risk factors for SI, and that these factors would moderate the effects of PBS. PBS was hypothesized to be protective for individuals with elevated depressive symptoms and alcohol use. Participants: College student drinkers (n = 990; M age = 19.97, SD = 3.75) from a Southeastern University. Methods: Participants completed an online survey inquiring about demographics, depressive symptoms, SI, alcohol use, and PBS use. Results: Depressive symptoms were associated with an increased likelihood of SI; however, alcohol use was not. PBS were most protective for individuals with high levels of alcohol use and/or depressive symptoms. Conclusions: PBS may be protective for heavier drinkers who are at heightened risk for SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardhys N De Leon
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Roselyn Peterson
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Angelina V Leary
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Emily K Burr
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Jessica L Cora
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Robert D Dvorak
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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Abdulrahman Mahmoud M. Prevalence of depression among Science students during the COVID-19 pandemic period in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1286283. [PMID: 38025470 PMCID: PMC10666177 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1286283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The present study aimed to examine the prevalence of depression among science students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A survey-based study was conducted on 521 science students at Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, using Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), during the course of the semester. Results Showed that the Most students were female (62.19%). Sadness symptoms were observed among 59.69% of the students. We found a 77.74% overall prevalence of depression among students. Most individuals reported moderate BDI (25.34%), but extremely severe BDI was also reported in 7.29% of individuals. The BDI scores were highly significantly correlated with gender, education, and field of specialty (< 0.001) based on different statistical tests. BDI scores were significantly associated with number of the demographic and academic variables (p < 0.05). Discussion The study found significant symptoms of depression among students who displayed characteristics of depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, students should undergo psychological counseling during difficult pandemic periods to prevent depression and mental stress.
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Gill PR, Arena M, Rainbow C, Hosking W, Shearson KM, Ivey G, Sharples J. Social connectedness and suicidal ideation: the roles of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness in the distress to suicidal ideation pathway. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:312. [PMID: 37803474 PMCID: PMC10557190 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01338-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a serious public health issue. Distress has been identified as a common risk factor, with research also suggesting that a lack of social connectedness is involved. METHODS This quantitative, cross-sectional study investigated the role of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness in the psychological distress/suicidal ideation pathway in a community sample of 480 Australian adults. RESULTS As expected, distress was found to be a strong predictor of suicidal ideation. Perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness both moderated and mediated the relationship between distress and suicidal ideation. Specifically, distress was more strongly linked to suicide ideation when burdensomeness or thwarted belongingness were also high. This moderating effect was stronger for thwarted belongingness than it was for burdensomeness. These variables also mediated the pathway, in that higher distress related to higher burdensomeness and thwarted belonging, which in turn related to higher suicide ideation. This mediating effect was stronger for burdensomeness than for thwarted belonging. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the findings confirm the importance of our social relatedness in suicide. Increasing belongingness and reducing the perception of being a burden on others may be an important intervention strategy for weakening the link between distress and suicide ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Richard Gill
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray Park, Ballarat Rd, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Michael Arena
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray Park, Ballarat Rd, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher Rainbow
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development (SEED), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Warwick Hosking
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray Park, Ballarat Rd, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kim M Shearson
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray Park, Ballarat Rd, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gavin Ivey
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray Park, Ballarat Rd, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jenny Sharples
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray Park, Ballarat Rd, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Silva C, Smith PN, Rogers M, Joiner TE, Foote B, Van Orden KA. Clinically Significant Scores for Thwarted Belonging and Perceived Burden from the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ-15). CRISIS 2023; 44:406-414. [PMID: 36762737 PMCID: PMC10412729 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Background: Social disconnection is associated with all-cause mortality and suicide. Measures of social disconnection with reliable cut-off scores are needed to aid in the assessment of clinically significant change. Aims: The current study sought to identify reliable clinical cut-off scores for the 15-item Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ-15), which assesses two indices of social disconnection associated with suicide ideation - thwarted belonging (TB) and perceived burden (PB) on others. Methods: The INQ-15 and measures of suicide ideation were administered to psychiatric outpatients (Nsample1 = 493; Nsample2 = 213) and psychiatric inpatients (Nsample3 = 79; Nsample4 = 87). Results: Reliable cut-off scores discriminating between the presence and absence of suicide ideation were identified across samples (TB ≥ 36 for psychiatric outpatients and ≥ 32 for inpatients; PB ≥ 12 for both psychiatric outpatients and inpatients). Limitations: Data are cross-sectional; thus, conclusions cannot be made about the predictive utility of INQ scores for future suicide ideation, attempts, or death. Conclusions: The INQ-15 yields scores with reliable cut-off scores for both TB and PB that represent clinically significant levels of social disconnection. These cut-off scores can be used in treatment trials and clinical practice to assess clinical improvement (or decline) in belonging and perceived burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Silva
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Phillip N. Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Megan Rogers
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Thomas E. Joiner
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Brad Foote
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kimberly A. Van Orden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
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Pössel P, Roane SJ. Relations of cognitive styles, depressive symptoms, and blood pressure in community college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:1775-1783. [PMID: 34243700 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1947828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We proposed cognitive styles described in the Hopelessness Theory would be associated with depressive symptoms and Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and that depressive symptoms mediate these associations. PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional study had 324 community college student participants (ages: 18 to 62 years, M = 24.08, SD = 9.10; 57.3% female; 57.3% White, 29.8% Black, 8.8% Latinx, 8.8% Other). METHODS Besides self-reports of cognitive styles and depressive symptoms, resting blood pressure was measured three times at 1-min intervals and the mean was used in the analysis. RESULTS Path analyses demonstrated differing associations between each cognitive style and SBP and no mediation, suggesting cognitive styles and depressive symptoms are independently associated with SBP. CONCLUSIONS When conceptualizing and measuring the associations of cognitive styles with depressive symptoms and SBP, the styles should be evaluated individually. Interventions targeting cognitive styles might be especially beneficial as changing them might improve mental and physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Pössel
- Department of Counseling and Human Development, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Sarah J Roane
- Department of Counseling and Human Development, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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Renger D, Reinken A, Krys S, Gardani M, Martiny SE. Why the belief in one's equal rights matters: Self-respect, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation in Western and non-Western countries. Health Psychol Open 2023; 10:20551029231206780. [PMID: 37873550 PMCID: PMC10590545 DOI: 10.1177/20551029231206780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The present research investigated the relationship between self-respect (i.e., a person's belief of possessing the same rights as others) and depressive symptoms. Based on earlier longitudinal findings that self-respect fosters assertiveness and that assertiveness negatively predicts depressive symptoms, we tested these relationships in Western and non-Western countries. Additionally, we explored associations with suicidal ideation. Across seven countries (N = 2408) we found that self-respect and depressive symptoms were negatively correlated. In addition, we found evidence for an indirect path via assertiveness as well as negative correlations with suicidal ideation in countries with available measures. Finally, within-manuscript meta-analyses confirmed the main path between self-respect and depressive symptoms across all seven countries. This research presents the first evidence for the negative association between self-respect (feeling equal to others) and depressive symptoms and highlights new directions for linking self and self-regard to mental health.
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Teepe GW, Lukic YX, Kleim B, Jacobson NC, Schneider F, Santhanam P, Fleisch E, Kowatsch T. Development of a digital biomarker and intervention for subclinical depression: study protocol for a longitudinal waitlist control study. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:186. [PMID: 37349832 PMCID: PMC10288725 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01215-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression remains a global health problem, with its prevalence rising worldwide. Digital biomarkers are increasingly investigated to initiate and tailor scalable interventions targeting depression. Due to the steady influx of new cases, focusing on treatment alone will not suffice; academics and practitioners need to focus on the prevention of depression (i.e., addressing subclinical depression). AIM With our study, we aim to (i) develop digital biomarkers for subclinical symptoms of depression, (ii) develop digital biomarkers for severity of subclinical depression, and (iii) investigate the efficacy of a digital intervention in reducing symptoms and severity of subclinical depression. METHOD Participants will interact with the digital intervention BEDDA consisting of a scripted conversational agent, the slow-paced breathing training Breeze, and actionable advice for different symptoms. The intervention comprises 30 daily interactions to be completed in less than 45 days. We will collect self-reports regarding mood, agitation, anhedonia (proximal outcomes; first objective), self-reports regarding depression severity (primary distal outcome; second and third objective), anxiety severity (secondary distal outcome; second and third objective), stress (secondary distal outcome; second and third objective), voice, and breathing. A subsample of 25% of the participants will use smartwatches to record physiological data (e.g., heart-rate, heart-rate variability), which will be used in the analyses for all three objectives. DISCUSSION Digital voice- and breathing-based biomarkers may improve diagnosis, prevention, and care by enabling an unobtrusive and either complementary or alternative assessment to self-reports. Furthermore, our results may advance our understanding of underlying psychophysiological changes in subclinical depression. Our study also provides further evidence regarding the efficacy of standalone digital health interventions to prevent depression. Trial registration Ethics approval was provided by the Ethics Commission of ETH Zurich (EK-2022-N-31) and the study was registered in the ISRCTN registry (Reference number: ISRCTN38841716, Submission date: 20/08/2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisbert W. Teepe
- Centre for Digital Health Interventions, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Weinbergstrasse 56/56, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yanick X. Lukic
- Centre for Digital Health Interventions, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Weinbergstrasse 56/56, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Kleim
- Department of Psychology, Experimental Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, Binzmühlestrasse 14, Box 8, 8050 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas C. Jacobson
- Departments of Biomedical Data Science and Psychiatry, Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, 46 Centerra Parkway, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA
| | - Fabian Schneider
- Centre for Digital Health Interventions, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Weinbergstrasse 56/56, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Prabhakaran Santhanam
- Centre for Digital Health Interventions, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Weinbergstrasse 56/56, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Elgar Fleisch
- Centre for Digital Health Interventions, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Weinbergstrasse 56/56, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
- Centre for Digital Health Intervention, Institute of Technology Management, University of St.Gallen, Dufourstrasse 40a, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kowatsch
- Centre for Digital Health Interventions, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Weinbergstrasse 56/56, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
- Centre for Digital Health Intervention, Institute of Technology Management, University of St.Gallen, Dufourstrasse 40a, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Worthen M, Menchaca J, Laine M. An intersectional approach to understanding the correlates of depression in college students: Discrimination, social status, and identity. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:1220-1231. [PMID: 34252348 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1926261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed the impact of bearing multiple marginalized identities, experiencing discrimination and perceived social status on the prevalence of depression in college students using an intersectional approach. PARTICIPANTS Public health students at a diverse urban public university in Northern California (N = 338, response rate = 85%; 77% women, mean age 22). METHODS We used a cross-sectional survey to assess demographics, depression, discrimination and social standing using validated scales and estimate the relations between depression and co-factors. RESULTS 25.4% of students reported depression. Discrimination was associated with a higher level of depression and more severe symptoms. Higher perceived social status was associated with a lower level of depression and less severe symptoms. Hispanic/Latinx first generation women had three times the prevalence of depression as non-Hispanic/Latinx non-first generation men and there was a significant disparity in depression severity. CONCLUSIONS Intersectional approaches can shed light on the experiences of marginalized groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Worthen
- Public Health & Recreation, San José State University, San Jose, California, USA
| | - Justin Menchaca
- Public Health & Recreation, San José State University, San Jose, California, USA
| | - Michelle Laine
- Public Health & Recreation, San José State University, San Jose, California, USA
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Yang L, Jin C, Qi S, Teng Y, Li C, Yao Y, Ruan X, Wei X. Aberrant degree centrality of functional brain networks in subclinical depression and major depressive disorder. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1084443. [PMID: 36873202 PMCID: PMC9978101 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1084443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As one of the most common diseases, major depressive disorder (MDD) has a significant adverse impact on the li of patients. As a mild form of depression, subclinical depression (SD) serves as an indicator of progression to MDD. This study analyzed the degree centrality (DC) for MDD, SD, and healthy control (HC) groups and identified the brain regions with DC alterations. METHODS The experimental data were composed of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) from 40 HCs, 40 MDD subjects, and 34 SD subjects. After conducting a one-way analysis of variance, two-sample t-tests were used for further analysis to explore the brain regions with changed DC. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of single index and composite index features was performed to analyze the distinguishable ability of important brain regions. RESULTS For the comparison of MDD vs. HC, increased DC was found in the right superior temporal gyrus (STG) and right inferior parietal lobule (IPL) in the MDD group. For SD vs. HC, the SD group showed a higher DC in the right STG and the right middle temporal gyrus (MTG), and a smaller DC in the left IPL. For MDD vs. SD, increased DC in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG), right IPL, and left IPL, and decreased DC in the right STG and right MTG was found in the MDD group. With an area under the ROC (AUC) of 0.779, the right STG could differentiate MDD patients from HCs and, with an AUC of 0.704, the right MTG could differentiate MDD patients from SD patients. The three composite indexes had good discriminative ability in each pairwise comparison, with AUCs of 0.803, 0.751, and 0.814 for MDD vs. HC, SD vs. HC, and MDD vs. SD, respectively. CONCLUSION Altered DC in the STG, MTG, IPL, and MFG were identified in depression groups. The DC values of these altered regions and their combinations presented good discriminative ability between HC, SD, and MDD. These findings could help to find effective biomarkers and reveal the potential mechanisms of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chaoyang Jin
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shouliang Qi
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing in Medical Image, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yueyang Teng
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yudong Yao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, United States
| | - Xiuhang Ruan
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Wei
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Croock J, Mpinganjira MG, Gathoo K, Bulmer R, Lautenberg S, Dlamini Q, Londani P, Solontsi A, Stevens C, Francis JM. Probable depression and its correlates among undergraduate students in Johannesburg, South Africa. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1018197. [PMID: 36873208 PMCID: PMC9978096 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1018197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Globally, depression is higher among university students than the general population-making it a significant public health problem. Despite this, there is limited data on the prevalence in university students in the Gauteng province, South Africa. This study determined the prevalence of screening positive for probable depression and its correlates among undergraduate students at the university of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. METHODS A cross-sectional study, using an online survey was conducted among undergraduate students at the University of the Witwatersrand in 2021. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) was used to assess the prevalence of probable depression. Descriptive statistics was computed and conducted bivariate and multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with probable depression. Age, marital status, substance use (alcohol use, cannabis use, tobacco use, and other substance use) were included in the multivariable model apriori determined confounders and other factors were only added if they had a p-value <0.20 in the bivariate analysis. A p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The response rate was 8.4% (1046/12404). The prevalence of screening positive for probable depression was 48% (439/910). Race, substance use, and socio-economic status were associated with odds of screening positive for probable depression. Specifically reporting white race (adjusted OR (aOR) = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.42, 0.96), no cannabis use (aOR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.44-0.99), higher spending power in the form of having the most important things but few luxury goods (aOR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.31, 0.80) and having enough money for luxury goods and extra things (aOR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.26-0.76) were associated with lower odds of screening positive for probable depression. DISCUSSION In this study, screening positive for probable depression was common among undergraduate students at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa and associated with sociodemographic and selected behavioral factors. These findings call for strengthening the awareness and use of counselling services among undergraduate students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Croock
- The Unit for Undergraduate Medical Education, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mafuno G Mpinganjira
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kaashifa Gathoo
- The Unit for Undergraduate Medical Education, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Robyn Bulmer
- The Unit for Undergraduate Medical Education, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shannon Lautenberg
- The Unit for Undergraduate Medical Education, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Qhayiyakazi Dlamini
- The Unit for Undergraduate Medical Education, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Pfanani Londani
- The Unit for Undergraduate Medical Education, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Azola Solontsi
- The Unit for Undergraduate Medical Education, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Chanel Stevens
- The Unit for Undergraduate Medical Education, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Joel M Francis
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Yu YK, Yao ZY, Wei YX, Kou CG, Yao B, Sun WJ, Li SY, Fung K, Jia CX. Depressive Symptoms as a Mediator between Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Suicidal Ideation among Chinese College Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16334. [PMID: 36498403 PMCID: PMC9736464 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to verify the mediating role of depressive symptoms between excessive daytime sleepiness and suicidal ideation in college students. Of the 6944 participants, 2609 (37.6%) were male and 4335 (62.4%) were female. College students with excessive daytime sleepiness (p < 0.001) and those with depressive symptoms (p < 0.001) were more likely to have suicidal ideation. Moreover, both excessive daytime sleepiness (β = 0.14, 95% CI: 1.01−1.32) and depressive symptoms (β = 1.47, 95% CI: 3.80−5.00) were associated with suicidal ideation. The effect size of the mediating role of depressive symptoms in excessive daytime sleepiness to suicidal ideation was 50.41% for the entire sample, 58.33% for males, and 42.98% for females. Depressive symptoms partially mediated the relationship between excessive daytime sleepiness and suicidal ideation. The timely assessment of depressive symptoms in college students with excessive daytime sleepiness, and intervention, may reduce their risk of suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Kun Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Yao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yan-Xin Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Chang-Gui Kou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bin Yao
- Student Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Wen-Jun Sun
- Student Work Office, College of Textile and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Su-Yun Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Kenneth Fung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst St. 9 EW, Toronto, ON M5T2S8, Canada
| | - Cun-Xian Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China
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13
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Mann AJD, Kurtz AJ, Tull MT, Gratz KL. The moderating role of sexual minority status in the associations of the experience and tolerance of shame-related emotions to suicide risk. J Clin Psychol 2022; 78:2579-2594. [PMID: 35509115 PMCID: PMC9790715 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the associations of the experience and tolerance of shame-related emotions to suicide risk, as well as the moderating role of sexual minority status. METHODS Community adults (N = 360) were recruited via MTurk and completed self-report questionnaires. Hierarchical regression analyses examined the main and interactive associations of sexual minority status and shame-related variables to suicide risk. RESULTS Results revealed significant positive associations between self-disgust and suicide risk for sexual minority and heterosexual participants, although the magnitude was greater for sexual minority participants. Additionally, tolerance of shame was significantly negatively related to suicide risk only among sexual minority participants. Finally, exploratory analyses examining the three-way interaction of self-disgust, shame tolerance, and sexual minority status revealed a significant negative association between shame tolerance and suicide risk only among sexual minority participants with high levels of self-disgust. CONCLUSION Results highlight the relevance of shame-related experiences to suicide risk among sexual minorities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kim L. Gratz
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of ToledoToledoOhioUSA
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14
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Lin CC, Linscott RJ. Longitudinal mediation by perceived burden of the pathway from thwarted belonging to suicidal ideation. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2022; 52:1193-1204. [PMID: 36029099 PMCID: PMC10086865 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Whereas the interpersonal theory of suicide entails the assumption that thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness are equally important, mutually moderating, proximal causes of active ideation, evidence suggests these may not be co-moderating processes. We tested an alternative perspective, hypothesizing that burden mediates the longitudinal relationship of thwarted belonging with active ideation. METHODS A 6-week, four-wave prospective online survey was completed by 298 undergraduates. We tested cross-sectional and cross-lagged panel models (CLPM, with and without random effects) with belonging, burden, and ideation at 2-week lags, and post hoc models with burden as a concurrent mediator of ideation. RESULTS Approximately 28% of undergraduates reported active ideation at baseline. Cross-sectionally, thwarted belonging had no direct influence on ideation but indirectly affected ideation via burden. This result was not confirmed in the 2-week CLPM analyses. In post hoc analyses, we found belonging operated indirectly via later burden to influence contemporaneous ideation. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest thwarted belonging influences active ideation indirectly via perceived burden. The effect of burden as a mediator appears to depend on its temporal proximity to ideation. Future research should delimit the period during which perceived burden is an active mediator, accommodate dual-process approaches, and explore other mediation alternatives to co-moderation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Cheng Lin
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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Jadir DS, Anderson-Carpenter KD. Substance use, racial/ethnic identity, and suicidal ideation during COVID-19 lockdown in an international adult sample. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 155:443-450. [PMID: 36183597 PMCID: PMC9489468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although research has examined disparities in suicidal ideation across multiple groups, few investigations have analyzed such disparities in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, there is limited research on differences within and across countries, further limiting the extent to which meaningful comparisons can be made. Therefore, this study examines risk and protective factors of suicidal ideation during COVID-19 lockdown in adults across five countries. Adults (N = 2,509) from the United States, Italy, Spain, Saudi Arabia, and India completed a survey to measure suicidal ideation, recent drug use, and sociodemographic factors. Prevalence of suicidal ideation was assessed using simple and multivariable logistic regression models, and severity of suicidal ideation was analyzed via a multinomial multivariable logistic regression. Cohen's d statistics were reported for all analyses to report effect size. In the United States subsample, racial/ethnic minorities endorsed a significantly greater prevalence of suicidal ideation compared to their White peers (aOR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.26-4.27, d = 0.46). However, no significant racial differences in suicidal ideation were found in other countries. Past 90-day illicit drug use was associated with greater prevalence (aOR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.06-1.80, d = 0.18) and severity (aRRR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.33-3.53, (aRRR = 0.43) of suicidal ideation during COVID-19 lockdown. This study further highlights the social disparities that exist in suicidal ideation during COVID-19 lockdown in international samples, for which greater medical and mental health interventions are critical. As such, targeted multicomponent interventions that address substance use are important for reducing the rising prevalence and severity of COVID-related suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeshpaul S. Jadir
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kaston D. Anderson-Carpenter
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, 316 Physics Rd, East Lansing, 48824, MI, USA
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16
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Gratz KL, Kiel EJ, Mann AJD, Tull MT. The prospective relation between borderline personality disorder symptoms and suicide risk: The mediating roles of emotion regulation difficulties and perceived burdensomeness. J Affect Disord 2022; 313:186-195. [PMID: 35772631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the strong link between borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms and suicide risk, little is known about the mechanisms underlying this association. Theory-driven research clarifying the pathways through which BPD symptoms increase suicide risk over time is needed and may highlight relevant treatment targets for decreasing suicide risk among individuals with heightened BPD symptoms. This study examined the prospective relations among BPD symptoms, emotion regulation (ER) difficulties, perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and suicide risk across five assessments over a 7-month period. Consistent with the interpersonal theory of suicide, we hypothesized that greater BPD symptoms would predict greater suicide risk over time via greater ER difficulties and, subsequently, greater perceived burdensomeness. METHODS A U.S. nationwide sample of 500 adults (47 % women; mean age = 40.0 ± 11.64) completed a prospective online study, including an initial assessment and four follow-up assessments over the next seven months. RESULTS Results revealed a significant indirect relation between BPD symptoms and greater suicide risk over time through greater ER difficulties and later perceived burdensomeness. Results also provided evidence for transactional relations between BPD symptoms and ER difficulties and suicide risk over time. LIMITATIONS All constructs were assessed via self-report questionnaire data. Our measure of suicide risk focuses on only suicidal ideation, plans, and impulses, and not suicide attempts or preparatory behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight both ER- and interpersonal-related factors as key mechanisms underlying suicide risk among community adults with BPD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim L Gratz
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
| | | | - Adam J D Mann
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Matthew T Tull
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
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17
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Langer ÁI, Crockett MA, Bravo-Contreras M, Carrillo-Naipayan C, Chaura-Marió M, Gómez-Curumilla B, Henríquez-Pacheco C, Vergara RC, Santander J, Antúnez Z, Baader T. Social and Economic Factors Associated With Subthreshold and Major Depressive Episode in University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Public Health 2022; 10:893483. [PMID: 35664111 PMCID: PMC9157787 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.893483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the most frequent mental health disorders in college students and variations according to social and economic factors have been reported, however, whether social and economic variations also exist in subthreshold depression is still unknown, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of subthreshold depressive episode (SDE) and major depressive episode (MDE) and to examine the association between social and economic factors with SDE and MDE in undergraduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants were 1,577 college students from a university in the south of Chile (64.6% females, 22 years old on average). The participants took an online survey in November 2020 which collected information about social and economic variables, depressive symptoms, and perceived social support. Bivariate and multinomial logistic regression analysis were used. The results showed a high prevalence of SDE (14.3%) and MDE (32.3%) in the sample. Belonging to a social group and perceiving positive social support were the only variables examined that were associated with SDE. Instead, female sex, poorer quintiles, living with other relatives but not parents, economic difficulties due to the pandemic, being a parent, and perceiving positive social support were associated with MDE. Subthreshold and threshold depressive symptoms are frequent in college students, and associations with social and economic factors differ according to the level of such symptoms. These results should be considered in the development of tailored preventive and early interventions for depression in college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro I. Langer
- Mind-Body Lab, Institute of Psychological Studies, Austral University, Valdivia, Chile,Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths, Imhay, Santiago, Chile,Millennium Institute for Research on Depression and Personality, MIDAP, Santiago, Chile,*Correspondence: Álvaro I. Langer
| | - Marcelo A. Crockett
- Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths, Imhay, Santiago, Chile,Millennium Institute for Research on Depression and Personality, MIDAP, Santiago, Chile,Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Matías Chaura-Marió
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Psychology, Austral University, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | | | - Rodrigo C. Vergara
- Departamento de Kinesiología, Facultad de Artes y Educación Física, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago, Chile,Centro Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial CENIA, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Santander
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Austral University, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Zayra Antúnez
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Psychology, Austral University, Valdivia, Chile,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Psychological Studies, Austral University, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Tomas Baader
- Alianza Chilena Contra la Depresión y el Suicidio, Valdivia, Chile
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18
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Goozee R, Barrable A, Lubenko J, Papadatou-Pastou M, Haddad M, McKeown E, Hirani SP, Martin M, Tzotzoli P. Investigating the feasibility of MePlusMe, an online intervention to support mental health, well-being, and study skills in higher education students. J Ment Health 2022:1-11. [PMID: 35549804 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2022.2069699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While there are several web-based mental health interventions, few target higher education (HE) students. Importantly, more research is needed to establish their effectiveness. Here, we provide a pragmatic evaluation of an online intervention (MePlusMe) specifically designed to improve the mental health, well-being, and study skills of HE students. METHODS In accordance with the published protocol for a feasibility study, we recruited a convenience sample of 137 HE students to participate in an eight-week intervention, with 26 participants retained at week 8. Validated measures of mood (depression and anxiety), well-being, and self-efficacy were collected at baseline, 2, 4, and 8 weeks, alongside two feedback forms assessing design and functionality (baseline) and engagement (week 4 and 8). RESULTS We observed significant reductions in levels of anxiety and depression as well as increases in well-being, but no changes in self-efficacy. Participants rated the system design and functionality positively and qualitative findings indicated high levels of satisfaction with MePlusMe. DISCUSSION Findings support both the acceptability and the effectiveness of MePlusMe. Nonetheless, modest retention rates limit the precision and generalisability of these findings. Further investigation should ascertain optimal duration of engagement, most acceptable means of outcome assessment, and further detail about obstacles to utilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexia Barrable
- School of Education and Social Work, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Jelena Lubenko
- Department of Health Psychology and Paedagogy, Rīga Stradiņš University, Rīga, Latvia
| | | | - Mark Haddad
- School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - Eamonn McKeown
- School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Maryanne Martin
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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19
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Association of Postpartum Depression with Maternal Suicide: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095118. [PMID: 35564525 PMCID: PMC9099720 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the association of postpartum depression (PPD) with maternal suicide in the Taiwanese population. METHODS We examined the medical records of women aged 18-50 years who experienced childbirth and had PPD (the study cohort, n = 2882), who experienced childbirth but did not have PPD (comparison cohort 1, n = 5764), and who neither experienced childbirth nor had PPD (comparison cohort 2, n = 5764) between 2000 and 2015. The patients were followed up until suicide, withdrawal from the National Health Insurance program, or 31 December 2015. RESULTS The rates of anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as the cumulative risk of suicide, were significantly higher in the study cohort. PPD was significantly correlated with an increased risk of maternal suicide and was associated with a greater risk of developing comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and stroke. The comparison cohorts did not differ significantly in terms of suicide risk. CONCLUSION PPD was associated with a significantly higher rate of suicide and a shorter time to suicide after childbirth. Younger age, winter, and subclinical depression and anxiety positively predicted suicide in the study cohort. To prevent maternal suicide, clinicians should be observant of subclinical depression and anxiety symptoms among patients.
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20
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Spitzen TL, Tull MT, Gratz KL. The Roles of Emotion Regulation Self-Efficacy and Emotional Avoidance in Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors. Arch Suicide Res 2022; 26:595-613. [PMID: 32959731 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2020.1818654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Little research has examined the role of emotion regulation self-efficacy (ERSE; i.e., beliefs in one's own ability to regulate emotions) in self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) or the factors that may underlie this relation. This study investigated whether low ERSE relates to SITBs both directly and indirectly through avoidance of negative emotions. Participants (N = 364) completed measures of ERSE, emotional avoidance, suicide attempt history, nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), and current severity of suicidal ideation through Amazon's Mechanical Turk. Low ERSE was significantly associated with history of suicide attempts, recent NSSI, and current severity of suicidal ideation both directly and indirectly through avoidance of negative emotions. Furthermore, low ERSE was significantly associated with a greater number of SITB types both directly and indirectly through emotional avoidance.
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21
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Subthreshold lifetime depression and anxiety are associated with increased lifetime suicide attempts: A Korean nationwide study. J Affect Disord 2022; 302:170-176. [PMID: 35038481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subthreshold depression and anxiety are highly prevalent and known to be associated with functional limitations and future onset of major depression or anxiety disorders. However, studies regarding suicidality at subthreshold levels of depression and anxiety are limited. METHODS A total of 17,639 Koreans aged from 18 to 64 responded to the Korean version of the WHO-composite international diagnostic interview (K-CIDI) version 2.1 between 2006 and 2016. Prevalence of subthreshold depression and anxiety, and information on lifetime suicide attempt (SA) were assessed. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to calculate the risk of SA by the level of depression or anxiety. RESULTS The risk of lifetime SA increased incrementally according to the level of depression and anxiety. In the subthreshold depression group, individuals with subthreshold anxiety increased the odds about threefold (OR = 3.15, 95% CI 3.12-3.18) and the threshold anxiety disorder group increased the odds about fivefold (OR = 5.33, 95% CI 5.27-5.38) for SA, compared to the group without any level of anxiety. In threshold depressive disorder, the subthreshold anxiety group showed about 1.8-fold higher odds (OR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.75-1.77) and the threshold anxiety disorder group showed threefold higher odds (OR = 2.93, 95% CI 2.92-2.95) for SA compared to the group without any level of anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Subthreshold levels of depression and anxiety were prevalent among Koreans and were associated with an increased prevalence of lifetime SA. A detailed assessment of depression and anxiety symptoms according to their level should be performed on a diagnostic continuum to prevent suicide.
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22
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Association between anger and suicidal ideation. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02577-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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23
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Dizon JIWT, Mendoza NB. Low Perceived Social Rank Increases the Impact of Mental Health Symptoms on Suicidal Ideation: Evidence among Young Adults from the Philippines. Arch Suicide Res 2022; 27:522-539. [PMID: 34989659 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2021.2022050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Studies on social factors that could influence the mental health-suicidal ideation link remain scarce, especially in non-Western contexts. This study examined the relationship between mental health symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress) and suicidal ideation and whether one's perceived social rank moderates such a relationship. Data from 631 students from two universities in the Philippines collected between October to December 2018 was analyzed. Bivariate correlations show that greater symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress are associated with increased suicidal ideation. Hierarchical linear regression models supported the direct relationship between mental health symptoms and suicidal ideation and demonstrated that perceived social rank significantly moderated such a relationship. Johnson-Neyman plots and simple slopes analyses further illustrate how mental health symptoms and perceived social rank interact to impact suicidal ideation. The results show that as one's perceived social rank lowers, the strength of the positive association between depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms to suicidal ideation strengthens. The results held while controlling for age, gender, college year level, and family income. The findings are discussed using the social rank theory and the Integrated Motivational-Volitional (IMV) model of suicide to view suicidal ideation from both an individual and a social perspective. We expound on the role of low perceived social rank on suicidal ideation among young adults.HIGHLIGHTSHigher depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms are associated with higher suicidal ideation.Perceived social rank moderates the link between mental health symptoms and suicidal ideation.One's perception of being inferior to others can exacerbate suicidal ideation.
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24
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Newman C, George RP, Beitz T, Bergson Z, Zemon V. Mental health issues among international touring professionals in the music industry. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 145:243-249. [PMID: 34942435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Music industry touring professionals are generally assumed to be at elevated risk for mental health issues, highlighted by numerous high-profile suicides in recent years. Few studies have explored the prevalence of depression, suicidality and associated factors within this population. This study aims to gain an empirical understanding of the mental health issues among international touring professionals, with a particular focus on risk for depression and suicidality, and to identify potential protective factors. Data were collected between February-March 2020 as part of the Tour Health Research Initiative's Touring Health and Wellness Survey 2020. Using a multidimensional questionnaire with a sample of 1154 international touring professionals (artists and crew members), participants who completed all psychosocial measures (n = 508) demonstrated elevated levels of suicidality, risk for clinical depression, stress, anxiety and burnout. The median depression score for completers matched the recommended cutoff score of 20, which qualified 254 participants as high risk for clinical depression, while 200 (39.4%) demonstrated high scores for suicidality. In ROC curve analyses, all psychosocial measures were significant predictors of high suicidality, with a combined emotional and social measure yielding the highest classification accuracy (80%). Moderate strength linear relations were observed for all pairs of measures. Positive correlations were found among all risk factors (depression, anxiety, stress, and burnout) and these measures yielded negative correlations with the protective factors (mindfulness and the emotional/social measure). Findings suggest that interventions enhancing mindfulness and emotional/social well-being may serve as valuable treatment components for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayim Newman
- Tour Health Research Initiative (THRIV), Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Ryan P George
- Tour Health Research Initiative (THRIV), Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tim Beitz
- Tour Health Research Initiative (THRIV), Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zachary Bergson
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Vance Zemon
- Tour Health Research Initiative (THRIV), Philadelphia, PA, USA; Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
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25
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Waters AF, Peltier MR, Roys MR, Stewart SA, Copeland AL. Smoking and suicidal ideation among college students: Smoking expectancies as potential moderators. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2021; 69:951-958. [PMID: 32027235 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1719112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective: In the present study, we sought to establish a link between suicidal ideation (SI) and smoking in college students, determine whether psychopathology accounted for the association, and determine whether smoking expectancies were moderators. Participants: Participants (N = 607) were identified as nonsmokers, exsmokers, infrequent smokers, or daily smokers. Methods: Participants were assessed for smoking patterns, smoking expectancies, psychopathology, SI, and past suicide attempts. Results: Daily smokers had the highest level of SI. There was a dose-response relationship between smoking and SI, such that the higher the daily smoking rate, the greater the SI, even when controlling for depression, alcohol use, and drug use. Trend-level results indicated that at lower smoking rates, elevated smoking-related negative affect reduction (NAR) expectancies were associated with lower SI, while elevated NAR expectancies in combination with higher smoking rates were associated with greater SI. Conclusion: Smoking cessation programs for college students should screen for SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron F Waters
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - MacKenzie R Peltier
- Psychology Service, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Melanie R Roys
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Shelby A Stewart
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Amy L Copeland
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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26
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Albanese BJ, Capron DW, Macatee RJ, Bauer BW, Schmidt NB. Thwarted belongingness predicts greater neural reactivity to a novel social exclusion image set: Evidence from the late positive potential. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2021; 51:916-930. [PMID: 34080235 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thwarted belongingness (TB) is among the most well-researched risk factors for suicidal ideation (SI). Yet, there is little research examining neural mechanisms underlying this construct. The present study used a novel social exclusion image set in concert with the late positive potential (LPP) to test the role of neural reactivity social exclusion in TB and SI. METHODS Participants (n = 243) were recruited based on elevated suicide risk and completed an emotional picture viewing task. The LPP was used to index neural reactivity to a novel set of social exclusion images and international affective picture system (IAPS) neutral, positive, and negative images. RESULTS Greater TB predicted a larger social exclusion ΔLPP (social exclusion LPP relative to neutral LPP) and social exclusion LPP even when accounting for SI, biological sex, age, negative affect, and perceived burdensomeness. Moreover, the social exclusion LPP was uniquely related to TB beyond the LPP to other images. Last, a larger social exclusion LPP predicted greater SI via elevations in TB. CONCLUSION Reactivity to social exclusion stimuli may play an important role in SI via elevated TB, but not perceived burdensomeness. Future research should further explore the neural mechanisms underlying other IPT constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Albanese
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Daniel W Capron
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Richard J Macatee
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Brian W Bauer
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Norman B Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Han H, Lee J. The relationship between Korean university students’ suicidal ideation and risk factors: a meta-analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2021.1974901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyerim Han
- Department of Family and Housing Studies, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Jimin Lee
- Department of Family and Housing Studies, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
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Zegel M, Lebeaut A, Healy N, Tran JK, Vujanovic AA. Mental Health Correlates of Probable Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Probable Alcohol Use Disorder, and Their Co-Occurrence among Firefighters. Behav Modif 2021; 46:395-421. [PMID: 34323099 DOI: 10.1177/01454455211033517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Firefighters demonstrate high rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Research has yet to compare how these diagnoses and their co-occurrence relate to firefighter mental health. This study evaluated trauma load, PTSD, alcohol use, depression, sleep, suicide risk, anger, and occupational stress across four discrete groups of firefighters (N = 660): (1) trauma-exposed only (n = 471), (2) probable PTSD-only (n = 36), (3) probable AUD-only (n = 125), and (4) probable PTSD-AUD (n = 28). Firefighters completed an online survey. Firefighters with probable PTSD-AUD demonstrated higher scores on all criterion variables, except trauma load, compared to firefighters with probable AUD-only or trauma-only. Firefighters with probable PTSD-AUD and probable PTSD-only reported similar levels of all indices, except alcohol use severity and suicide risk, which were higher among the probable PTSD-AUD group. Results provide preliminary empirical evidence of the deleterious impact of PTSD-AUD comorbidity among firefighters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jana K Tran
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Houston, TX, USA
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Jeannotte AM, Hutchinson DM, Kellerman GR. The Time to Change for Mental Health and Wellbeing via Virtual Professional Coaching: Longitudinal Observational Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e27774. [PMID: 33993102 PMCID: PMC8406100 DOI: 10.2196/27774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal mental health yields many benefits and reduced costs to employees and organizations; however, the workplace introduces challenges to building and maintaining mental health that affects wellbeing. While many organizations have introduced programming to aid employee mental health and wellbeing, the uptake and effectiveness of these efforts vary. One barrier to developing more effective interventions is a lack of understanding about how to improve wellbeing over time. The current study examined not only whether employer-provided coaching is an effective strategy to improve mental health and wellbeing in employees; but also how this intervention changes wellbeing in stages over time. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to determine whether BetterUp, a longitudinal one-on-one virtual coaching intervention, improves components of mental health and psychological wellbeing and whether the magnitude of changes vary in stages over time. This is the first research study to evaluate the effectiveness of professional coaching through three repeated assessments, moving beyond a pre- to post-intervention design. The outcomes of this study will enable coaches and employers to design more targeted interventions by outlining when to expect maximal growth in specific outcomes throughout the coaching engagement. METHODS Three identical assessments were completed by 391 users of BetterUp - prior to the start of coaching, after approximately 3-4 months of coaching, and again after 6-7 months of coaching. Three scales were used to evaluate psychological and behavioral dimensions that support management of mental health - stress management, resilience, and life satisfaction. Six additional scales assessed psychological wellbeing - emotional regulation, prospection ability, finding purpose and meaning, self-awareness, self-efficacy, and social connection. RESULTS Using mixed effects modeling, varying rates of change were observed in several dimensions of mental health and psychological wellbeing. Initial rapid improvements in the first half of the intervention, followed by slower growth in the second half of the intervention, were found for prospection ability, self-awareness, self-efficacy, social connection, emotional regulation, and a reduction in stress (range of unstandardized βs for each assessment: .10-.19). Life satisfaction improved continuously throughout the full intervention period (β: .13). Finding purpose in meaning at work and building resilience both grew continuously throughout the coaching intervention, but larger gains were experienced in the second half of the intervention (βs: .08-.18), requiring the full length of the intervention to realize maximal growth. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the BetterUp virtual one-on-one coaching to improve psychological wellbeing, while mitigating threats to mental health such as excessive and prolonged stress, low resilience, and poor satisfaction with life. The improvements across the collection of outcomes were time-dependent and provide important insights to users and practitioners about how and when to expect maximal improvements in a range of interrelated personal and professional outcomes. CLINICALTRIAL
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Zhong S, Lu L, Wilson A, Wang Y, Duan S, Ou J, Shi L, Ge J, Chen L, Zhao K, Chen R. Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder symptoms and suicidal ideation among college students: A structural equation modeling approach. J Affect Disord 2021; 279:572-577. [PMID: 33152561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Suicidal ideation (SI) among college students is frequently reported. However, the mediating roles of depressive and anxiety symptoms between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and SI has yet to be explored among college students. METHOD A cross-sectional survey of college freshmen in China was conducted between October 2018 and December 2018. Standardized questionnaires were used to collect information on basic sociodemographic characteristics, including SI, ADHD symptoms, and anxiety and depressive symptoms. A structural equation model (SEM) was then constructed. RESULTS A total of 904 college freshmen were included in the analysis. The prevalence of ADHD symptoms and lifetime SI were 11.9% (95% CI: 9.9%-14.2%) and 29.2% (95% CI: 26.3%-32.2%), respectively. The SEM revealed that there were no direct paths from inattention, executive dysfunction, and hyperactivity to SI. Under the mediating role of anxiety and depressive symptoms, executive dysfunction (β = 0.011, p < 0.05) and hyperactivity (β = 0.015, p < 0.05) had indirect relationships with the risk of SI, and the role of inattention was not identified. Depressive and anxiety symptoms had direct influences on increasing SI. There also were indirect effects from anxiety symptoms to SI, which were mediated by depressive symptoms (β = 0.023, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The current study indicated the indirect relationships between ADHD symptoms and SI among college freshmen. The findings could provide useful clues for clinical treatment and school-based prevention that aims to improve college students' mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoling Zhong
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, and China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Lu
- Team IETO, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR U1219, INSERM, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Amanda Wilson
- Division of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, and China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Division of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Suqian Duan
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's college London, London, UK
| | - Jianjun Ou
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, and China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Lijuan Shi
- School of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Jianyu Ge
- School of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Kaihong Zhao
- School of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Runsen Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, and China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Chen X, Zhang S, Huang G, Xu Y, Li Q, Shi J, Li W, Wang W, Guo L, Lu C. Associations Between Child Maltreatment and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese College Students: An Analysis of Sex Differences. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:656646. [PMID: 34305672 PMCID: PMC8298832 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.656646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Depressive symptoms and child maltreatment are both global public health problems among young adults. This study aimed to investigate the associations between five types of child maltreatment and depressive symptoms among Chinese college students, with a focus on potential sex differences. Methods: A cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample of Chinese college students was conducted from March to June 2019 with a multistage, stratified cluster, random sampling method. In total, 30,179 college students from 60 colleges of 10 Chinese province-level regions completed standard questionnaires, including a history of child maltreatment and current depressive symptoms. Results: The prevalence of depressive symptoms among college students in China was 7.3%. After adjusting for control variables, physical abuse (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.17-1.23), emotional abuse (aOR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.19-1.23), sexual abuse (aOR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.16-1.22), physical neglect (aOR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.12-1.16) and emotional neglect (aOR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.07-1.09) were all positively associated with depressive symptoms. Notably, a cumulative effect of child maltreatment on depressive symptoms among Chinese college students was observed. Moreover, sex differences in the associations of emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and the number of maltreatment types with depressive symptoms were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Further stratification analyses showed that female students who experienced emotional abuse and emotional neglect had a higher risk of depressive symptoms than male students, and the cumulative effect of maltreatment types was stronger for females than males. Conclusion: Five types of child maltreatment and their co-occurrence were associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms among college students. Furthermore, the effects of emotional abuse, emotional neglect and the number of maltreatment types on depressive symptoms were stronger for females than for males. These findings can promote understanding of the effects of child maltreatment on depressive symptoms, and prevention and intervention strategies for depressive symptoms should consider the type of child maltreatment and sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Chen
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoliang Huang
- Center for ADR (Adverse Drug Reaction) Monitoring of Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Center for ADR (Adverse Drug Reaction) Monitoring of Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingman Shi
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanxin Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ciyong Lu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, China
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Mohammad S, Almakran IW, Al-Montashri AS, Mursi AM, Alharbi SM, Pasha TS, Khalid I. Depression, anxiety and stress and their associated social determinants in the Saudi college students. Health Psychol Res 2020; 8:9263. [PMID: 33553792 PMCID: PMC7859957 DOI: 10.4081/hpr.2020.9263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, students suffer from stress, anxiety, and depression in higher education and seek counselling since education process has negative impacts on mental health of some students. This study was aimed at measuring the depression, stress, and anxiety and their associated social determinants like (income, education, residence, marital status, and educational difficulties) in undergraduate students of Umm Al-Qura University (UQU). Arabic version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) validated from the original English version instrument by Lovibond and Lovibond (1995) was used; A sample of 373 respondents through clustered sampling was drawn from the five randomly chosen faculties of the University. Data was analyzed by running ANOVA and t-test procedures in SPSS software. The study found that the prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression in the students was 30%, 60%, and 50% respectively. A statistically significant difference was found in the stress levels of students of different colleges (p=0.000). Students’ stress levels were significantly higher (p=0.000) in the Applied Medical Sciences and in the final year students (p=0.015). Significantly high levels of depression (p=0.000), anxiety (p=0.000), and stress (p=0.000) were found in the students belonging to the poor economic strata. Depression (p=0.038), Anxiety (p=0.022), and stress (p=0.001) were statistically high in the students whose father had a low level of education. Statistically high level (p=0.028) of stress was also found in the students whose mothers had a low level of education. Students who reported educational difficulties had significantly (p=0.001) high levels depression. However, the results of stress, anxiety, and depression in married students and the location of the students’ variables were not found statistically significant. The findings may be useful for informed policymaking in the higher learning institutions and initiation of counseling provisions in the concerned faculties for the distressed students with a view to enhancing their educational outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tariq Sultan Pasha
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University (UQU), Makkah
| | - Ismail Khalid
- Pervasive Development Disorder Center, Maternity & Children Hospital, Ministry of Health, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Li T, Xie Y, Tao S, Yang Y, Xu H, Zou L, Tao F, Wu X. Chronotype, Sleep, and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese College Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Neurol 2020; 11:592825. [PMID: 33391156 PMCID: PMC7773835 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.592825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To describe the prevalence of chronotype and depressive symptoms among Chinese college students and to examine the association between chronotype and depressive symptoms. Methods: From April to May 2019, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1,179 Chinese college students from 2 universities in Anhui and Jiangxi provinces. A total of 1,135 valid questionnaires were collected, the valid response rate was 98.6%. The questionnaire investigated age, gender, major, height, weight, only child status, living place, self-reported family economy, and self-reported study burden. The chronotype was assessed by the Morning and Evening Questionnaire (MEQ). Depressive symptoms and sleep quality were evaluated by the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), respectively. A Chi-square test was used to examine the proportion of depressive symptoms among Chinese college students with different demographic characteristics. The generalized linear model was used to analyze the relationships between chronotype and depressive symptoms. Results: The proportion of morning types (M-types), neutral types (N-types), and evening types (E-types) of college students were 18.4, 71.1, and 10.5%, respectively. The proportion of mild depression, moderate depression, and moderate to severe depression of participants were 32.4, 6.0, and 4.2%, respectively. Compared to the M-types, after controlled for age, gender, major, sleep quality, self-reported study burden, father's education level, and self-reported family economy, depressive symptoms were positively correlated with E-types (OR = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.49–3.73). Conclusions: There was a significant association between chronotype and depressive symptoms among Chinese college students. Further longitudinal studies were needed to clarify the causal relationship between chronotype and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuman Tao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yajuan Yang
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Honglv Xu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Liwei Zou
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Hsieh C, Charak R, Cano-Gonzalez I, Gonzalez L, Roley-Roberts ME, Hovey JD. Perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness influence the childhood polyvictimization and suicide ideation association among Hispanic undergraduates. DEATH STUDIES 2020; 46:1792-1800. [PMID: 33215982 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2020.1846227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the mediating effect of perceived burdensomeness (PB) and thwarted belongingness (TB) in the association between childhood polyvictimization and suicide ideation (past week) among 528 Hispanic college students. Nearly 10% reported polyvictimization, 19.8% had suicide ideation, and polyvictimization was a risk factor of suicide ideation through PB and TB. The indirect effect through PB was stronger than the indirect effect through TB. Interventions should focus on PB and TB to alleviate suicide ideation among Hispanic undergraduate students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Hsieh
- Department of Psychological Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA
| | - Ruby Charak
- Department of Psychological Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA
| | - Ines Cano-Gonzalez
- Department of Psychological Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA
| | - Leo Gonzalez
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Southwestern Medical Center, The University of Texas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Joseph D Hovey
- Department of Psychological Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA
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35
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Paulus DJ, Capron DW, Zvolensky MJ. Understanding hazardous drinking and suicidal ideation and suicide risk among college students: anxiety sensitivity as an explanatory factor. Cogn Behav Ther 2020; 50:378-394. [DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2020.1840622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Paulus
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charlestion, SC, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel W. Capron
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Michael J. Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Health Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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36
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Cui R, Fiske A. Relation Between Depression Symptoms and Suicide Risk in Adults and Older Adults: A Brief Report. J Appl Gerontol 2020; 41:176-180. [PMID: 33174516 DOI: 10.1177/0733464820970849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression symptoms are key risk factors for suicide; however, older adults differ from younger adults in types of depression symptoms experienced and thus their risk factors for suicide. The present brief report investigated relations between different symptoms of depression and suicide risk and whether these relations are moderated by age. Participants were 944 community-dwelling adults (N = 512, M = 39) and older adults (N = 432, M = 66) from the United States recruited through Mechanical Turk. Participants completed self-report measures on depression symptoms and suicide risk. Age was found to moderate the relation between cognitive-affective and somatic symptoms and suicide risk. Younger age exacerbated the negative effects of these symptoms on suicide risk. The study is the first to investigate whether older adults differed from younger adults in the association between types of depression symptoms and suicide risk and found that the risk posed by cognitive-affective and somatic symptoms was greater for younger adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Fiske
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
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Chang EC, Lee J, Morris LE, Lucas AG, Chang OD, Hirsch JK. A Preliminary Examination of Negative Life Events and Sexual Assault Victimization as Predictors of Psychological Functioning in Female College Students: Does One Matter More Than the Other? JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2020; 35:5085-5106. [PMID: 29294830 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517719901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined negative life events (NLEs) and sexual assault victimization as predictors of positive and negative psychological functioning in a sample of 151 female college students. Results obtained from conducting regression analyses indicated several notable patterns. NLEs, compared with sexual assault victimization, were a stronger negative predictor of positive functioning based on indices related to subjective well-being (e.g., life satisfaction, positive affect). Alternatively, sexual assault victimization, compared with NLEs, was a stronger positive predictor of negative functioning based on indices related to posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (e.g., anxiety) and related conditions (e.g., alcohol use). Furthermore, both NLEs and sexual assault victimization were found to be positive predictors of negative functioning based on indices related to suicide risk (e.g., depressive symptoms, suicidal behaviors). Overall, our findings indicate that both NLEs and sexual assault victimization represent important and distinct predictors of psychological functioning in female college students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jerin Lee
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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Gerlach J, Greene P. Stigma of Suicide: A Thematic Analysis of a University Participatory Public Art Project. JOURNAL OF CREATIVITY IN MENTAL HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15401383.2020.1820926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pamela Greene
- Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
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Teodoro M, de Souza RSB, Martins CDC, Sediyama CYN, Alvares-Teodoro J, Chang OD, Chang EC. Validity of the Frequency of Suicidal Ideation Inventory in Brazilian adults. DEATH STUDIES 2020; 46:1840-1844. [PMID: 32972332 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2020.1824201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We examined the validity of the Brazilian Frequency of Suicidal Ideation Inventory (FSII-Br), an adaptation of the Frequency of Suicidal Ideation Inventory (FSII), in 946 Brazilian undergraduates. Confirmatory factor analysis of the FSII-Br demonstrated a one-factor model accounting for 62.39% of the variance in FSII-Br scores with a good FIT index. Correlation analyses demonstrated that the FSII-Br was positively correlated with both measures of suicide ideation and suicide risk (viz., depressive symptoms, anxious symptoms, and hopelessness), providing construct validity. Thus, the FSII-Br was found to be a promising tool in assessing suicide risk among Brazilian adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maycoln Teodoro
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Olivia D Chang
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Edward C Chang
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Arbor, Michigan, USA
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40
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Rababah J, Al-Hammouri MM, Drew BL, Ta'an W, Alawawdeh A, Dawood Z, Jawhar W. Validation of the Arabic version of the center for epidemiologic studies depression-revised: A comparison of the CESD-R and CESDR-12. J Affect Disord 2020; 274:450-456. [PMID: 32663975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression-Revised (CESD-R) is a widely used tool to screen for depression in the general population. An Arabic version of the CESD-R has not yet been translated and validated. Thus, this article reports the findings of two studies that were conducted to examine the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the CESD-R. METHODS Both studies were conducted using cross-sectional designs among college students from two large universities in Jordan. A total of 988 students were recruited from University A and 251 from University B. Data were collected using self-report measures of depression, perceived stress, and quality of life. Exploratory factor analysis was performed followed by a series of confirmatory factor analyses to compare different versions of the Arabic CESD-R. Measurement invariance was performed across both samples and gender of participants. RESULTS The analyses revealed that the goodness-of-fit indices for the 20-item version of the Arabic CESD-R are not supported. Alternatively, a shorter version (CESDR-12) was created and the results supported its reliability, validity, and measurement invariance. This version, compared to a 10-item version, is supported theoretically as the items are more reflective of the DSM-V criteria for diagnosing depression. LIMITATIONS The specificity and sensitivity of the CESDR-12 were not evaluated in this article. CONCLUSION The Arabic CESDR-12 is a reliable, valid tool to screen for depression. Considering the prevalence and potential consequences of depression among college students, this tool could be used to identify those at risk and provide timely counseling and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehad Rababah
- Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
| | | | - Barbara L Drew
- College of Nursing, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Wafa'a Ta'an
- Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ayat Alawawdeh
- Health Center, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Rababah JA, Al-Hammouri MM, Drew BL. The impact of health literacy on college students' psychological disturbances and quality of life: a structural equation modeling analysis. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2020; 18:292. [PMID: 32867807 PMCID: PMC7457482 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-020-01541-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The literature regarding the effect of health literacy on college students’ psychological health and quality of life is scarce. The purpose of conducting this cross-sectional study was to examine the effect of health literacy on certain psychological disturbances (perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and impulsivity) and quality of life of college students. Methods A cross-sectional quantitative design was utilized in this study. A total of 310 four-year college students participated in this study. The students completed a demographics questionnaire as well as already established and validated measures of health literacy, perceived stress, depressive symptoms, impulsivity, and quality of life. Structural equation modeling was performed to analyze the data to explore the effect of health literacy on the psychological disturbances and quality of life. Results The results showed that health literacy has a negative effect on three psychological disturbances commonly experienced by college students; perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and impulsivity. In addition, the effect of health literacy on the quality of life was positive. Conclusion The proposed conceptual model was supported. College students’ counseling staff could use the findings to better address students’ needs pertinent to psychological health and quality of life. Future research is warranted to develop a more comprehensive model that explains the role of health literacy in determining college students’ psychological health and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehad A Rababah
- Adult Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Mohammed M Al-Hammouri
- Community and Mental Health Department, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Barbara L Drew
- College of Nursing, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
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Nino-Ruiz ED, Trejos-Herrera AM, Exposito-Concepcion MY, Rodriguez-Giraldo M, Consuegra-Ortega RS, Guevara-Novoa C. A Simple Monte Carlo Framework to Assess Suicide Risk in Adolescents: A Study at a High School in Colombia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E3674. [PMID: 32456118 PMCID: PMC7277199 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It is very common to perform statistical tests to obtain insights about populations based on samples. For instance, in the context of psychology, when a set of instruments are applied to individuals, psychologists typically look for an explanation of particular psychological constructs (variables), such as personality, intelligence, or emotional functioning. It is common to cross statistical information from the results of different psychological tests to measure certain variables or to confirm prior beliefs. Here, we estimate the Joint Probability Density Function of suicide-related vulnerability and protective factors to assess suicide risk in adolescents. A Markov Chain Monte Carlo Method is employed to move away from the typical Gaussian assumption on data. This allows us to estimate probabilities of the development of suicidal ideation based on samples (which form a Markov chain). We employ our proposed statistical method at a high school in Colombia. The results reveal that adolescents can develop suicidal ideation as a consequence of the following factors, together with their corresponding probabilities: poor school performance 52%, low academic expectations 27%, school integration problems 68%, risky eating behaviors (binge-purge) 42%, risky eating behaviors (compensatory measurements) 21%, risky eating habits (restriction) 22%, and low family functionality 16%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias David Nino-Ruiz
- Applied Math and Computer Science Lab, Department of Computer Science, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia;
| | - Ana Maria Trejos-Herrera
- Department of Psychology, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia; (A.M.T.-H.); (M.R.-G.)
| | | | | | - Randy Steven Consuegra-Ortega
- Applied Math and Computer Science Lab, Department of Computer Science, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia;
| | - Claudia Guevara-Novoa
- Department of Nursing, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia; (M.Y.E.-C.); (C.G.-N.)
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Papadatou-Pastou M, Campbell-Thompson L, Barley E, Haddad M, Lafarge C, McKeown E, Simeonov L, Tzotzoli P. Exploring the feasibility and acceptability of the contents, design, and functionalities of an online intervention promoting mental health, wellbeing, and study skills in Higher Education students. Int J Ment Health Syst 2019; 13:51. [PMID: 31367229 PMCID: PMC6647293 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-019-0308-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Substantial numbers of students in Higher Education (HE) are reporting mental health difficulties, such as mild to moderate symptoms of depression and anxiety. Coupled with academic skills challenges, these difficulties can lead to decreased academic performance, low levels of study satisfaction, and eventually drop out. Student support services are facing budget cuts and can only attend to limited numbers of students, usually the ones who present with more severe mental health problems. Moreover, face-to-face contact may not appeal to those students who feel embarrassed by their problems or are afraid of being stigmatised. To address this important problem, an online psychological wellbeing and study skills support system called MePlusMe, has been developed to provide personalised support to its users. In the present study we investigated the feasibility and acceptability of the contents, design, and functionalities of the system. Methods An offline version of the system was introduced to 13 postgraduate and undergraduate students (mean age = 31.3 years, SD = 10.25 years; 4 males) in a UK HE Institution, who presented with mild or moderate mental health difficulties. The participants evaluated the design of the system, its functionalities, and contents at Baseline and at Weeks 2, 4, and 8. Results Participants found the system easy to use, professional, and efficient and its contents non-judgemental and informative. Participants stated that engaging with and practicing the techniques targeted at mental health difficulties led to improvements in positive thinking and self-confidence, while the study skills techniques were practical. Suggestions for further improvement included the development of an app and an option for direct engagement with professionals. Conclusions The findings confirmed the acceptability of the contents, design and functionalities of the system, while providing useful information to inform its further development. Next steps include a feasibility study, which will test and quantify the effects on everyday functioning, mood, mental wellbeing, and academic self-efficacy after using the system, and subsequently a randomized controlled trial, which will evaluate its effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marietta Papadatou-Pastou
- 1School of Education, Faculty of Primary Education, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 13A Navarinou Str, 106 80 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Elizabeth Barley
- 3University of West London, Paragon House, PR405, Boston Manor Road, Brentford, Middlesex TW8 9GA UK
| | | | - Caroline Lafarge
- 5School of Human and Social Sciences, University of West London, Paragon, Boston Manor Road, Brentford, TW8 9GA UK
| | | | - Louise Simeonov
- 6University College London, 1-19 Torrington place, London, UK
| | - Patapia Tzotzoli
- My Psychology Clinic and iConcipio Ltd, 13 Orchard Rise, Richmond, Greater London, TW10 5BX UK
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Soto-Sanz V, Castellví P, Piqueras JA, Rodríguez-Marín J, Rodríguez-Jiménez T, Miranda-Mendizábal A, Parés-Badell O, Almenara J, Alonso I, Blasco MJ, Cebrià A, Gabilondo A, Gili M, Lagares C, Roca M, Alonso J. Internalizing and externalizing symptoms and suicidal behaviour in young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2019; 140:5-19. [PMID: 30980525 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess internalizing and externalizing symptoms as risk factors for suicidal behaviour and suicide among adolescents and young adults. METHOD We conducted a systematic review of articles published until January 2017. We identified 26 883 potential papers; 1701 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, of which 1479 were excluded because of methodological reasons. Diverse meta-analyses were performed for each group of symptoms. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) or beta coefficients for categorical variables, and effect size (ES) were calculated for continuous variables. RESULTS Finally, 41 studies were included, involving participants aged 12-26 years for a systematic review, and 24 articles were included for meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that youths with any internalizing (ES = 0.93) or externalizing symptoms (ES = 0.76 and OR = 2.59) were more likely to attempt suicide in future. This effect was also seen in depression symptoms (OR = 6.58 and ES = 1.00), legal problems (OR = 3.36), and anxiety (ES = 0.65). CONCLUSION Reported internalizing and externalizing symptoms are predictors of suicide behaviour in young people; therefore, the detection and management of these symptoms in young populations could be a crucial strategy for preventing suicidality in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Soto-Sanz
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - J A Piqueras
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - J Rodríguez-Marín
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - T Rodríguez-Jiménez
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Alicante, Spain.,Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - A Miranda-Mendizábal
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - O Parés-Badell
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Almenara
- Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - I Alonso
- Department of Mental Health, Corporació Sanitaria Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain
| | - M J Blasco
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología, y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Cebrià
- Department of Mental Health, Corporació Sanitaria Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain
| | - A Gabilondo
- Outpatient Mental Health Care Network, Osakidetza-Basque Health Service, País Vasco, Spain.,Mental Health and Psychiatric Care Research Unit, BioDonosti Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - M Gili
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS-IDISPA), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Network of Preventive Activities and Health Promotion, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - C Lagares
- Department of Statistics and Operative Research, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - M Roca
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS-IDISPA), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Network of Preventive Activities and Health Promotion, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - J Alonso
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología, y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Rey L, Mérida-López S, Sánchez-Álvarez N, Extremera N. When and How Do Emotional Intelligence and Flourishing Protect against Suicide Risk in Adolescent Bullying Victims? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E2114. [PMID: 31207915 PMCID: PMC6616872 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study contributes to current knowledge on the protective role of emotional intelligence and flourishing in cases of suicide risk (namely depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation) in a sample of adolescent victims of traditional bullying. The proposed model tested the mediator role of flourishing in the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and suicide risk together with the moderating effect of EI in the relationship between low flourishing and increased suicide risk. Considering an initial sample of 1847 adolescents (52.5% female), a subsample of 494 pure bullying victims (61.3% female) took part in this research. The main results showed EI to be linked to decreased suicide risk through levels of flourishing. Moreover, EI buffered the relationship between low flourishing and the associated suicide risk. Victimized adolescents with both low levels of EI and of flourishing reported higher levels of suicide risk than their counterparts with high EI levels. This suggests the protective role of EI of both predicting higher flourishing and reducing the likelihood of suicide risk among victimized adolescents with low levels of flourishing. Finally, the practical implications of these novel findings regarding the role of EI and flourishing in the prevention of suicide risk among victimized adolescents are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Rey
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Sergio Mérida-López
- Department of Social Psychology, Social Work, Social Anthropology and East Asian Studies, Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Nicolás Sánchez-Álvarez
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Natalio Extremera
- Department of Social Psychology, Social Work, Social Anthropology and East Asian Studies, Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
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Newhart S, Mullen PR, Gutierrez D. Expanding Perspectives: Systemic Approaches to College Students Experiencing Depression. JOURNAL OF COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jcad.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Newhart
- Department of Counselor EducationCollege of William & Mary
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Tae H, Jeong BR, Chae JH. Sleep problems as a risk factor for suicide: Are certain specific sleep domains associated with increased suicide risk? J Affect Disord 2019; 252:182-189. [PMID: 30986733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between sleep problems and suicidal ideation in depressive patients. BACKGROUND AND AIMS Evidence from diverse settings and populations indicates that sleep problems are associated with suicidal ideation. However, relationships between them are not well defined. This study was conducted in order to explore whether poor sleep was associated with suicidal ideation above and beyond depression and whether specific domains of sleep were related to suicidal ideation. We also determined whether the association between sleep problems and suicidal ideation was mediated by depression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients aged 18-65 years from an outpatient clinic at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital were recruited for this study. From September 2010 to November 2017, a total of 909 participants were included in the final sample. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to assess psychiatric symptoms. Independent samples t-test, chi-square test, Pearson correlation analyses, hierarchical multiple regression analyses, and mediation analyses were performed using SPSS PROCESS macro. RESULTS The majority of participants with suicidal ideation also had sleep problems (94.9%). After controlling for age, marital status, and depressive symptoms, total sleep problems estimated by the PSQI global score were also significant associated with suicidal ideation. Among seven sleep components derived from the PSQI, several components including cough or snore loudly, have bad dreams, and use sleep medication were associated with increased suicide risk. Also, the relationship between sleep problems and suicidal ideation was mediated by depressive symptoms indirectly. There was no convincing direct relationship between sleep problems and suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS Investigating the pathways which connect sleep problems and suicidality is fundamental to the development of suicide prevention. While it might be premature to suggest specific interventions, it would be important for clinicians to consider evaluating and managing sleep problems in the context of suicidality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Tae
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram Jeong
- Catholic Biomedical Industrial Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Rey L, Quintana-Orts C, Mérida-López S, Extremera N. Being Bullied at School: Gratitude as Potential Protective Factor for Suicide Risk in Adolescents. Front Psychol 2019; 10:662. [PMID: 30971989 PMCID: PMC6443928 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bullying victimization has been recognized as a risk factor for social, physical, and psychological problems in adolescence. One promising resource that seems to protect adolescents from adversity and traumatic events is gratitude. However, no analysis of the specific role of gratitude in bullying context has been performed as yet. Thus, the aim of this research was to explore the associations between bullying victimization, gratitude and suicide risk (i.e., depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts and behaviors) and gender-based differences. We also investigated whether levels of gratitude moderated the relationship between victimization and suicide risk for girls and boys. A convenience sample of 1,617 adolescents (50.5% girls; M age = 14.02) participated in this research. Adolescents completed a paper-and-pencil questionnaire about their bullying victimization, gratitude, depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Gratitude was found to be negatively related to victimization and suicide risk. While no gender differences were found in gratitude, it was observed that girls reported higher levels of suicide risk. However, the victimization × gratitude interaction contributed to variance in suicide risk, but only for girls: Those girls who were victims of bullying with high gratitude scores reported lower suicide risk than their counterparts who showed less gratitude. Thus, the findings from this present cross-sectional study suggest that gratitude is related to suicide risk in the context of bullying victimization, especially among adolescent girls. Finally, the theoretical and practical implications of our novel contributions to the understanding of gratitude as a protective factor against consequences of bullying victimization are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Rey
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Cirenia Quintana-Orts
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Natalio Extremera
- Department of Social Psychology, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Farrell CT, Moledina Z, Katta M. Suicidal thoughts in low-income adolescents: a longitudinal analysis. Int J Public Health 2019; 64:285-292. [DOI: 10.1007/s00038-019-01201-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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50
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Jones EC, Liebel SW, Hallowell ES, Sweet LH. Insula thickness asymmetry relates to risk of major depressive disorder in middle-aged to older adults. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 283:113-117. [PMID: 30598360 PMCID: PMC6379126 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of research implicates the insula as a critical brain structure in major depressive disorder (MDD), emotional salience, and interoception. Despite a high prevalence of depressive symptoms among middle-aged to older adults and the elevated risks that they confer towards poor outcomes like deteriorating health and suicidality, only limited research has examined the role of the insula in this population. The present study investigates associations between insula thickness and risk of developing MDD in middle-aged to older adults. A composite measure of MDD risk was quantified based upon current Beck Depression Inventory-II scores, current antidepressant medication use, and self-reported history of depression. Linear regressions were performed to analyze the relationships between insula thickness and MDD risk. Linear regression established that left-right insula thickness difference and left insula thickness significantly predicted MDD risk; however, right insula thickness did not. These findings provide evidence of the importance of insula thickness in middle-aged to older adults at elevated risk for MDD, while highlighting the left insula as an area of particular interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin C Jones
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Spencer W Liebel
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Emily S Hallowell
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Lawrence H Sweet
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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