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Yilmazer UT, Pehlivan B, Guney S, Yar-Saglam AS, Balabanli B, Kaltalioglu K, Coskun-Cevher S. The combined effect of morin and hesperidin on memory ability and oxidative/nitrosative stress in a streptozotocin-induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Behav Brain Res 2024; 471:115131. [PMID: 38942085 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most frequent neurodegenerative disease within dementias, affects the CNS, leading to gradual memory issues and cognitive dysfunction. Oxidative stress in AD contributes to ongoing neuronal loss and hastens disease progression. Notably, the potent antioxidant compounds morin and hesperidin have demonstrated significant effectiveness in addressing oxidative stress. This study explores the impact of morin and hesperidin on behavior and oxidative stress in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced AD rat model. The experiment involved five groups: control, STZ, STZ+morin, STZ+hesperidin, and STZ+morin+hesperidin. The rat model of AD was created by injecting STZ with the stereotaxic surgery. Morin and hesperidin were applied to the groups for 7-days. After the applications, the Morris water maze (MWM) and novel object recognition (NOR) tests were used and the rats were sacrificed. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NOx), and protein carbonyl (PC) levels were measured. In the STZ group, the levels of NOx and PC exhibited a noteworthy increase compared to the control. Conversely, the application of morin and/or hesperidin treatments reduced NOx and PC levels compared to the STZ group. The co-administration of morin and hesperidin improved the antioxidant status and decreased lipid peroxidation in STZ-induced rats. In the STZ group, serum advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) levels were statistically elevated compared to the control. However, in the treatment groups, morin and/or hesperidin successfully decreased AOPP levels to those observed in the control. The combined use of these flavonoids may have a neuroprotective effect regarding memory problems and decreasing oxidative/nitrosative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bilge Pehlivan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevin Guney
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Atiye Seda Yar-Saglam
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Barbaros Balabanli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Sule Coskun-Cevher
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
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2
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Ekundayo BE, Obafemi TO, Adewale OB, Obafemi BA, Oyinloye BE, Ekundayo SK. Oxidative Stress, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Apoptosis in the Pathology of Alzheimer's Disease. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01248-2. [PMID: 38472715 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01248-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) accounts for a major statistic among the class of neurodegenerative diseases. A number of mechanisms have been identified in its pathogenesis and progression which include the amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis. These processes are interconnected and contribute significantly to the loss of neurons, brain mass and consequential memory loss and other cognitive difficulties. Oxidative stress in AD appears to be caused by excess of oxygen free radicals and extracellular Aβ deposits that cause local inflammatory processes and activate microglia, another possible source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ER Stress describes the accumulation of misfolded and unfolded proteins as a result of physiological and pathological stimuli including high protein demand, toxins, inflammatory cytokines, and mutant protein expression that disturbs ER homeostasis. When compared to age-matched controls, postmortem brain tissues from AD patients showed elevated levels of ER stress markers, such as PERK, eIF2α, IRE1α, the chaperone Grp78, and the downstream mediator of cell death CHOP. Apoptosis is in charge of eliminating unnecessary and undesired cells to maintain good health. However, it has been demonstrated that a malfunctioning apoptotic pathway is a major factor in the development of certain neurological and immunological problems and diseases in people, including neurodegenerative diseases. This article highlights and discussed some of the experimentally established mechanisms through which these processes lead to the development as well as the exacerbation of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Blessing Ariyo Obafemi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye
- Department of Biochemistry Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
- Biotechnology and Structural Biology (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa
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3
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Kazmi I, Afzal M, Imam F, Alzarea SI, Patil S, Mhaiskar A, Shah U, Almalki WH. Barbaloin's Chemical Intervention in Aluminum Chloride Induced Cognitive Deficits and Changes in Rats through Modulation of Oxidative Stress, Cytokines, and BDNF Expression. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:6976-6985. [PMID: 38371830 PMCID: PMC10870395 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a long-term neurodegenerative condition characterized by impaired cognitive functions, particularly in the domains of learning and memory. Finding promising options for AD can be successful with a medication repurposing strategy. The goal of the research was to examine the neuroprotective characteristics of barbaloin in aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced cognitive deficits and changes in rats through modulation of oxidative stress, cytokines, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. Thirty male Wistar rats were subjected to AlCl3 at a dosage of 100 mg/kg via the per oral route (p.o.), which induced cognitive decline. Morris water maze (MWM) is used to assess behavioral metrics. Assays for catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), choline-acetyltransferase (ChAT), interleukins-1β (IL-1β), superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), interleukins-6 (IL-6), BDNF, and neurotransmitter levels [dopamine (DA), acetylcholine (Ach), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)] were performed. Results: The transfer latency time was notably decreased, and substantial modifications in the concentrations of GSH, MDA, CAT, SOD, AChE, ChAT and observed modulations in the formation of interleukins-6 (IL-6), TNF-α, IL-1β, BDNF, and NF-κB were also evidenced after the treatment of rats with barbaloin in comparison to AlCl3-induced control groups. Significant alterations in neurotransmitter levels (DA, Ach, and GABA) were also seen in barbaloin-treated groups in comparison to AlCl3-induced groups. The current investigation has provided evidence that the administration of barbaloin yielded notable enhancements in cognitive function in rats through the inhibition of MDA, enhancing endogenous antioxidant enzymes, reduction of cytokine levels, and enhancement of neurotransmitter contents in the brain. These effects were observed in comparison to a control group treated with AlCl3 and can be attributable to barbaloin's strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and metal chelating properties may contribute to its neuroprotective effects. Barbaloin may also promote neuronal survival and enhance learning and memory by upregulating the expression of BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Kazmi
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King
Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program,
Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Imam
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College
of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O.
Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I. Alzarea
- Department
of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf
University, Aljouf, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaktipal Patil
- Department
of Pharmacology, H. R. Patel Institute of
Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Karwand naka, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra, India
- Department
of Chemistry, Nootan Pharmacy College, Sankalchand
Patel University, Visnagar 384315, Gujarat, India
| | - Amrapali Mhaiskar
- Department
of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of
Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Karwand naka, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ujashkumar Shah
- Department
of Chemistry, Nootan Pharmacy College, Sankalchand
Patel University, Visnagar 384315, Gujarat, India
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department
of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm
Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Wang Y, Gong Q, Pan H, Wang X, Yan C. Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis extract attenuates memory impairment in rats with Alzheimer's disease by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome. Brain Res 2024; 1824:148687. [PMID: 38000495 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by degeneration of the central nervous system. Recently, many studies have emphasized the beneficial role of Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis extract (GJ-4) in neuroprotection, which is considered a potential drug for treating AD. However, the mechanism underlying its neuroprotective effects is obscure. This research intended to analyze the effectiveness of GJ-4 to induce neuronal protective role on a rat model of neurotoxicity and probe the potential mechanism. An AD model was established by intraperitoneal injection of aluminum chloride (AlCl3). Then, AlCl3-induced rats were administered 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg of GJ-4 orally. This study indicated that GJ-4 (25 and 50 mg/kg) mitigated AD-like behaviors, as evidenced by enhanced ambulation frequency, rearing frequency, and time spent in the target quadrant and decreased grooming frequency, defecation frequency, and escape latency in AlCl3-challenged rats. Also, GJ-4 at 25 and 50 mg/kg exerted an anti-apoptosis effect in the hippocampus of AlCl3-treated rats. Furthermore, GJ-4 (25 and 50 mg/kg) exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect in the hippocampus by repressing the activation of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, further inhibiting the activation of Caspase 1, ASC, IL-1β, and IL-18 in AD hippocampus. Altogether, GJ-4 mitigated AlCl3-triggered impairment of learning and memory in AD rats via repressing NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qingmei Gong
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haiyan Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Respiratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ci Yan
- Departments of Psychiatry, Affiliated Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Alahmady NF, Alkhulaifi FM, Abdullah Momenah M, Ali Alharbi A, Allohibi A, Alsubhi NH, Ahmed Alhazmi W. Biochemical characterization of chamomile essential oil: Antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer and neuroprotective activity and potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:103912. [PMID: 38229887 PMCID: PMC10790085 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) causes dementia among older adults, increasing the global burden of dementia. Therefore, this study investigates the potential neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anticancer effects of chamomile essential oil (CCO) in Alzheimer's disease. CCO's main volatile compounds (VOCs) were α-bisabolol, camazulene, and bisabolol oxide A, representing 81 % of all VOCs. CCO scavenged 93 % of DPPH free radicals and inhibited the pathogenic bacteria, i.e., Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi, besides reducing 89 % of brain cancer cell lines (U87). Eighty albino rats were randomized into four groups: standard control, Alzheimer's disease group caused by AlCl3, and treated groups. The results indicated that the mean value of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), amyloid precursor protein (APP), amyloid beta (Aβ), caspase-3, & B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) was significantly elevated due to the harmful effect of AlCl3; however, CCO downregulated these values, and this effect was attributed to the considerable volatile compounds and phenolic compounds content. Additionally, CCO rats showed a significant increment in noradrenergic (NE), dopaminergic (DO), and serotoninergic systems with relative increases of 50, 50, and 14 % compared to diseased rats. The brain histology of CCO-treated rats showed a significant reduction in neuronal degeneration and improved brain changes, and its histology was close to that of the control brain. The results indicated that CCO offers a new strategy that could be used as an antioxidant and neuroprotective agent for AD due to its considerable contents of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada F. Alahmady
- Department of Biology, College of science, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadwa M. Alkhulaifi
- Department of Biology, College of science, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Abdullah Momenah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, PO Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa Ali Alharbi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aminah Allohibi
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf H. Alsubhi
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafaa Ahmed Alhazmi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Asghar H, Siddiqui A, Batool L, Batool Z, Ahmed T. Post-exposure self-recovery reverses oxidative stress, ameliorates pathology and neurotransmitters imbalance and rescues spatial memory after time-dependent aluminum exposure in rat brain. Biometals 2024:10.1007/s10534-023-00570-1. [PMID: 38233603 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00570-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Aluminum is a potent neurotoxin, responsible for memory impairment and cognitive dysfunction. The neurotoxic effect of aluminum on cognitive impairment is well documented, however, exposure to aluminum in a time-dependent manner and post-exposure self-recovery still needs to be elaborated. This research aimed to (1) study the time-dependent effect of aluminum exposure by administering a total dose of 5850 mg/kg of Al over two different time periods: 30 and 45 days (130 and 195 mg/kg of AlCl3 respectively), and (2) study 20 days post-exposure self-recovery effect in both aluminum-exposed groups by giving distilled water. Cognitive abilities were investigated through Morris water maze test and hole board test and compared in both exposure and recovery groups. Oxidative stress markers and neurotransmitter levels were measured for both exposure and recovery groups. To understand the mechanism of aluminum exposure and recovery, immunohistochemical analysis of synaptophysin (Syp) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was performed. Results showed cognitive dysfunction, oxidative stress-induced damage, reduced neurotransmitter levels, decreased immunoreactivity of Syp, and increased GFAP. However, these parameters showed a larger improvement in the recovery group where rats were given aluminum for 30 days period in comparison to recovery group followed by 45 days of aluminum exposure. These results suggest that restoration of cognitive ability is affected by the duration of aluminum exposure. The study findings provide us with insight into the adverse effects of aluminum exposure and can be utilized to guide future preventive and therapeutic strategies against aluminum neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humna Asghar
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Alveena Siddiqui
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Laraib Batool
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zehra Batool
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Touqeer Ahmed
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
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7
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Can B, Sanlier N. Alzheimer, Parkinson, dementia, and phytochemicals: insight review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38189347 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2299340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and dementia are the leading neurodegenerative diseases that threaten the world with the aging population. Although the pathophysiology of each disease is unique, the steps to be taken to prevent diseases are similar. One of the changes that a person can make alone is to gain the habit of an antioxidant-rich diet. Phytochemicals known for their antioxidant properties have been reported to prevent neurodegenerative diseases in various studies. Phytochemicals with similar chemical structures are grouped. Accordingly, there are two main groups of phytochemicals, flavonoid and non-flavonoid. Various in vitro and in vivo studies on phytochemicals have proven neuroprotective effects by increasing cognitive function with their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. The purpose of this review is to summarize the in vitro and in vivo studies on phytochemicals with neuroprotective effects and to provide insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basak Can
- Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nevin Sanlier
- School of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
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8
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Bansal K, Singh V, Singh S, Mishra S. Neuroprotective Potential of Hesperidin as Therapeutic Agent in the Treatment of Brain Disorders: Preclinical Evidence-based Review. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:316-326. [PMID: 36959141 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230320144722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are progressive morbidities that represent a serious health issue in the aging world population. There is a contemporary upsurge in worldwide interest in the area of traditional remedies and phytomedicines are widely accepted by researchers due to their health-promoted effects and fewer side effects. Hesperidin, a flavanone glycoside present in the peels of citrus fruits, possesses various biological activities including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. In various preclinical studies, hesperidin has provided significant protective actions in a variety of brain disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, depression, neuropathic pain, etc. as well as their underlying mechanisms. The findings indicate that the neuroprotective effects of hesperidin are mediated by modulating antioxidant defence activities and neural growth factors, diminishing apoptotic and neuro-inflammatory pathways. This review focuses on the potential role of hesperidin in managing and treating diverse brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Bansal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura-281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vanshita Singh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura-281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sakshi Singh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura-281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Samiksha Mishra
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura-281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ismail H, Khalid D, Waseem D, Ijaz MU, Dilshad E, Haq IU, Bhatti MZ, Anwaar S, Ahmed M, Saleem S. Bioassays guided isolation of berberine from Berberis lycium and its neuroprotective role in aluminium chloride induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease combined with insilico molecular docking. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286349. [PMID: 37910530 PMCID: PMC10619822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Berberis lycium is an indigenous plant of Pakistan that is known for its medicinal properties. In the current study, we investigated the anti-Alzheimer's effect of berberine isolated from Berberis lycium. METHODS Root extract of B. lycium was subjected to acetylcholinesterase inhibition assay and column chromatography for bioassays guided isolation of a compound. The neuroprotective and memory improving effects of isolated compound were evaluated by aluminium chloride induced Alzheimer's disease rat model, elevated plus maze (EPM) and Morris water maze (MWM) tests., Levels of dopamine and serotonin in rats brains were determined using HPLC. Moreover, western blot and docking were performed to determine interaction between berberine and β-secretase. RESULTS During fractionation, ethyl acetate and methanol (3:7) fraction was collected from solvent mixture of ethyl acetate and methanol. This fraction showed the highest anti-acetylcholinesterase activity and was alkaloid positive. The results of TLC and HPLC analysis indicated the presence of the isolated compound as berberine. Additionally, the confirmation of isolated compound as berberine was carried out using FTIR and NMR analysis. In vivo EPM and MWM tests showed improved memory patterns after berberine treatment in Alzheimer's disease model. The levels of dopamine, serotonin and activity of antioxidant enzymes were significantly (p<0.05) enhanced in brain tissue homogenates of berberine treated group. This was supported by decreased expression of β-secretase in berberine treated rat brain homogenates and good binding affinity of berberine with β-secretase in docking studies. Binding energies for interaction of β-secretase with berberine and drug Rivastigmine is -7.0 kcal/mol and -5.8 kcal/mol respectively representing the strong interactions. The results of docked complex of secretase with berberine and Rivastigmine was carried out using Gromacs which showed significant stability of complex in terms of RMSD and radius of gyration. Overall, the study presents berberine as a potential drug against Alzheimer's disease by providing evidence of its effects in improving memory, neurotransmitter levels and reducing β-secretase expression in the Alzheimer's disease model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Dania Khalid
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Durdana Waseem
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar Ijaz
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Erum Dilshad
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan-ul Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan Bhatti
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Anwaar
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Ahmed
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Samreen Saleem
- Department of Nutrition and Lifestyle Medicine, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
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10
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Eid A, Ghaleb SS, Zaki A, Ibrahim M, Farghali AA, Ali LE, Abdelgawad MA, Ghoneim MM, Al-Serwi RH, Hassan RM, Ahmad M. Hesperidin Attenuates Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats by Regulating Nrf-2/TNF-α Signaling Pathway, the Suppression of Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:37584-37591. [PMID: 37841165 PMCID: PMC10568688 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) are widely utilized and consumed mainly as food additives. Oxidative stress is considered to be the basic effect of TiO2NPs through biological interactions. Hesperidin (HSP) is a bioflavonoid (flavanone glycoside) with lipid-lowering, inflammation, oxidative stress suppression, antihypertensive, cancer-fighting, and antiedema effects. Objective: This study was to investigate the possible protective influences of HSP of subchronic oral TiO2NP exposure on the brains of rats, including neurotransmitters, oxidative stress/antioxidant parameters, inflammatory markers, and histological changes in the brains of adult male albino rats. Methodology: The experiment was executed on 80 albino rats. The animals were randomly divided into 4 equal groups. The first group served as a control; the second group was treated with oral doses of HSP (100 mg/kg Bw daily); the third group received TiO2NPs (200 mg/kg Bw orally daily); and the fourth group was treated with TiO2NPs and an oral dose of HSP daily for 8 weeks. Blood samples were obtained for biochemical analysis. Neurotransmitters, oxidative stress biomarker levels, and inflammatory markers were measured in brain homogenates. Histological examination of the brain was performed through H&E staining. Results: Coadministration of hesperidin with TiO2NPs orally for 8 weeks decreased the levels of MDA, TNF-α, AChE, and dopamine in brain homogenates, which were increased in the TiO2NP group. It increased the other oxidative biomarkers (SOD, CAT, and GPx) and Nrf-2 expression levels. Brain histological sections of the TiO2NP-treated group show degeneration, necrosis, congestion, and inflammatory cell infiltration that decreased markedly in the coadministration of hesperidin with the TiO2NP group. Conclusion: Hesperidin cotreatment offers significant protection against TiO2NP-induced oxidative stress and biochemical and histological alteration in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Eid
- Forensic
Medicine and Clinical Toxicology department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Sherien S. Ghaleb
- Forensic
Medicine and Clinical Toxicology department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11511, Egypt
| | - Amr Zaki
- Forensic
Medicine and Clinical Toxicology department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Marwa Ibrahim
- Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Farghali
- Materials
Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies
for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef
University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa E. Ali
- Forensic
Medicine and Clinical Toxicology department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department
of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Hamed Al-Serwi
- Department
of Basic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Randa M. Hassan
- Cytology
and Histology department, faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Manar Ahmad
- Forensic
Medicine and Clinical Toxicology department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
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11
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El Gizawy HA, Boshra SA. Pachira macrocarpa Schltdl. & Cham., HPLC Profile, and Neuroprotective Potential via Regulation of JNK, miRNA132, and miRNA-125b. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:27238-27246. [PMID: 37546684 PMCID: PMC10398696 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the polyphenolic profile of Pachira macrocarpa Schltdl. & Cham. by HPLC analysis and we also isolated three compounds from the ethyl acetate leaf extract, which were identified by different spectral data as vitexin 1, luteolin 2, and ferulic acid 3. Moreover, we investigated the three isolated compounds and the plant extract for their therapeutic potential against AlCl3 exposure-induced neurotoxicity in rats. This investigation aims to determine whether vitexin, luteolin, and ferulic acid in Pachira macrocarpa Schltdl. & Cham. extract (P. macrocarpa) have the ability to treat AlCl3-induced brain toxicity in rats. Six groups of rats were created: group 1 (normal group), group 2 treated with AlCl3, and groups 3, 4, 5, and 6 treated with AlCl3 with vitexin, luteolin, ferulic acid, and P. macrocarpa extract, respectively, for 28 days. Neurotoxicity was assessed by measuring plasma IL-8 and IL-33 as well as brain superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSR), B-cell lymphoma-2 (BcL-2), B-cell lymphoma-2 associated-x (Bax), and neurogranin using the ELISA technique and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), miRNA-125b, and miRNA-132 levels using western blot and PCR. HPLC analysis identified major phenolics and flavonoids. Among the phenolics identified, chlorogenic acid was prevalent (2159.14 μg/g), and regarding flavonoids, rutin was prevalent (204.69 μg/g). A significant elevation of IL-8 and IL-33 as well as brain Bax, neurogranin, and JNK levels and of miRNA-125b gene expression levels was observed following AlCl3 exposure. However, significant depletion of SOD, GSR, BcL-2, total protein, and miRNA-132 gene expression was observed in AlCl3-treated rats. Administration of the P. macrocarpa extract and its isolated compounds significantly increased SOD, GSR, BcL-2, total protein, and miRNA132 gene expression and decreased IL-8 and IL-33 as well as brain Bax, neurogranin, and JNK levels and brain miRNA-125b gene expression compared to AlCl3-treated rats. P. macrocarpa extract and its isolated compounds ameliorated AlCl3-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A. El Gizawy
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October
6 University (O6U), October
6 City, Giza 12585, Egypt
| | - Sylvia A. Boshra
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, October
6 University (O6U), October
6 City, Giza 12585, Egypt
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12
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Pang QQ, Lee S, Cho EJ, Kim JH. Protective Effects of Cirsium japonicum var. maackii Flower on Amyloid Beta 25-35-Treated C6 Glial Cells. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1453. [PMID: 37511827 PMCID: PMC10381248 DOI: 10.3390/life13071453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) is a neurotoxic peptide and a key factor causing Alzheimer's disease. Cirsium japonicum var. maackii (CJM) has neuroprotective effects, but the protective effects of the flower from CJM (FCJM) on the neural system remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the fraction of FCJM with the highest neuroprotective potential and investigate its protective mechanisms against Aβ25-35-induced inflammation in C6 glial cells. The cell viability and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured to investigate the positive effect of FCJM on oxidative stress. Treatment with the FCJM extract or fractions increased the cell viability to 60-70% compared with 52% in the Aβ25-35-treated control group and decreased ROS production to 84% compared with 100% in the control group. The ethyl acetate fraction of FCJM (EFCJM) was the most effective among all the extracts and fractions. We analyzed the protective mechanisms of EFCJM on Aβ25-35-induced inflammation in C6 glial cells using Western blot. EFCJM downregulated amyloidogenic pathway-related proteins, such as Aβ precursor protein, β-secretase, presenilin 1, and presenilin 2. Moreover, EFCJM attenuated the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, an index of apoptosis, and upregulated the oxidative stress-related protein, heme oxygenase-1. Therefore, this study demonstrated that FCJM improves cell viability and inhibits ROS in Aβ25-35-treated C6 glial cells. Furthermore, EFCJM exhibits neuroprotective effects in Aβ25-35-induced inflammation in C6 glial cells by modulating oxidative stress and amyloidogenic and apoptosis signaling pathways. FCJM, especially EFCJM, can be a promising agent for neurodegenerative disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qi Pang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
- Natural Product Institute of Science and Technology, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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13
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Gupta L, Sood PK, Nehru B, Sharma S. Ameliorative Effect of Palm Oil in Aluminum Lactate Induced Biochemical and Histological Implications in Rat Brain. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2843-2853. [PMID: 35869376 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03366-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
α-Tocotrienol is one of the major constituents of palm oil. It is a well-known antioxidant and cholesterol-lowering neuroprotectant. To prevent the initiation of Alzheimer's like symptoms, much attention has been shifted to the major role played by antioxidants. Previous epidemiological reports correlate the increasing incidence of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), to the aluminum (Al) content in drinking water. Al, being a ubiquitous element, has a long history of being particularly reactive towards multiple aspects of neurobiology. So, the current study examines the effect of Al-induced behavioral, biochemical, and histopathological changes in rat brain; and the ameliorative effect of palm oil in reducing the resulting neurotoxicity. The experimental design consisted of 4 groups: control group which received rodent chow diet and water ad libitum; Al group received aluminum lactate (50 mg/kg bw); Al + palm oil group was administered with Al (50 mg/kg bw) and palm oil (60 mg/kg bw); and palm oil group received palm oil (60 mg/kg bw). Al was given by oral gavage once daily for 6 weeks and palm oil was administered intraperitoneally. After 6 weeks of supplementation, Al + palm oil group showed significantly lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content, but higher superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), GST, and GPx activity as compared to Al group. Al group has significantly higher level of MDA content, but lower SOD, CAT, GST, and GPx activity as compared to control group. In conclusion, this study suggested that palm oil was effective in preventing the Al-induced brain damage in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Gupta
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Bimla Nehru
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sheetal Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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14
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Gholami Mahmoudian Z, Ghanbari A, Rashidi I, Amiri I, Komaki A. Minocycline effects on memory and learning impairment in the beta-amyloid-induced Alzheimer's disease model in male rats using behavioral, biochemical, and histological methods. Eur J Pharmacol 2023:175784. [PMID: 37179042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), as an advanced neurodegenerative disease, is characterized by the everlasting impairment of memory, which is determined by hyperphosphorylation of intracellular Tau protein and accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) in the extracellular space. Minocycline is an antioxidant with neuroprotective effects that can freely cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This study investigated the effect of minocycline on the changes in learning and memory functions, activities of blood serum antioxidant enzymes, neuronal loss, and the number of Aβ plaques after AD induced by Aβ in male rats. Healthy adult male Wistar rats (200-220g) were divided randomly into 11 groups (n = 10). The rats received minocycline (50 and 100 mg/kg/day; per os (P.O.)) before, after, and before/after AD induction for 30 days. At the end of the treatment course, behavioral performance was measured by standardized behavioral paradigms. Subsequently, brain samples and blood serum were collected for histological and biochemical analysis. The results indicated that Aβ injection impaired learning and memory performances in the Morris water maze test, reduced exploratory/locomotor activities in the open field test, and enhanced anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze. The behavioral deficits were accompanied by hippocampal oxidative stress (decreased glutathione (GSH) peroxidase enzyme activity and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the brain (hippocampus) tissue), increased number of Aβ plaques, and neuronal loss in the hippocampus evidenced by Thioflavin S and H&E staining, respectively. Minocycline improved anxiety-like behavior, recovered Aβ-induced learning and memory deficits, increased GSH and decreased MDA levels, and prevented neuronal loss and the accumulation of Aβ plaques. Our results demonstrated that minocycline has neuroprotective effects and can reduce memory dysfunction, which are due to its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Ghanbari
- Department of Anatomical Science, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Iraj Rashidi
- Department of Anatomical Science, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Iraj Amiri
- Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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15
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Önder GÖ, Göktepe Ö, Baran M, Bitgen N, Aydin F, Yay A. Therapeutic potential of hesperidin: Apoptosis induction in breast cancer cell lines. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 176:113791. [PMID: 37080525 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Hesperidin is a flavonoid commonly found in citrus fruits. Studies have shown that hesperidin has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antimicrobial properties, as well as its effectiveness in carcinogenesis. In this paper, we aim to investigate the molecular mechanisms of hesperidin-induced apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. The inhibitory effect of hesperidin on cellular proliferation was evaluated with the MTT assay. Cell cycle analysis of hesperidin-treated cells was then performed, as well as immunocytochemical analysis of the effect on the apoptosis pathway (TUNEL, Bax, and Bcl-2 expression). Moreover, hesperidin induced cellular apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells by inhibiting Bcl-2 and enhancing Bax expression at protein levels. On the other hand, hesperidin caused apoptosis in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line, but it did not activate the Bax/Bcl-2 pathway. Hesperidin also induced cell cycle arrest at the S phase in the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. These findings showed that hesperidin is a potential therapeutic candidate for preventing the progression of breast cancer. In addition, hesperidin could significantly stimulate the death mechanisms in ER/PR (+) MCF-7 cells by changing the expression balance of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins, but lead ER/PR (-) MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells to apoptosis in a different way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Özge Önder
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey; Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Özge Göktepe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey; Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Münevver Baran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Basic Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Nazmiye Bitgen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey; Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Funda Aydin
- Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Sciences, Van, Turkey.
| | - Arzu Yay
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey; Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
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16
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Bellavite P. Neuroprotective Potentials of Flavonoids: Experimental Studies and Mechanisms of Action. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020280. [PMID: 36829840 PMCID: PMC9951959 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, particularly those related to aging, are on the rise, but drug therapies are rarely curative. Functional disorders and the organic degeneration of nervous tissue often have complex causes, in which phenomena of oxidative stress, inflammation and cytotoxicity are intertwined. For these reasons, the search for natural substances that can slow down or counteract these pathologies has increased rapidly over the last two decades. In this paper, studies on the neuroprotective effects of flavonoids (especially the two most widely used, hesperidin and quercetin) on animal models of depression, neurotoxicity, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease are reviewed. The literature on these topics amounts to a few hundred publications on in vitro and in vivo models (notably in rodents) and provides us with a very detailed picture of the action mechanisms and targets of these substances. These include the decrease in enzymes that produce reactive oxygen and ferroptosis, the inhibition of mono-amine oxidases, the stimulation of the Nrf2/ARE system, the induction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor production and, in the case of AD, the prevention of amyloid-beta aggregation. The inhibition of neuroinflammatory processes has been documented as a decrease in cytokine formation (mainly TNF-alpha and IL-1beta) by microglia and astrocytes, by modulating a number of regulatory proteins such as Nf-kB and NLRP3/inflammasome. Although clinical trials on humans are still scarce, preclinical studies allow us to consider hesperidin, quercetin, and other flavonoids as very interesting and safe dietary molecules to be further investigated as complementary treatments in order to prevent neurodegenerative diseases or to moderate their deleterious effects.
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17
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Varesi A, Campagnoli LIM, Carrara A, Pola I, Floris E, Ricevuti G, Chirumbolo S, Pascale A. Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants against Alzheimer's Disease: Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010180. [PMID: 36671042 PMCID: PMC9855271 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. Although substantial research has been conducted to elucidate the complex pathophysiology of AD, the therapeutic approach still has limited efficacy in clinical practice. Oxidative stress (OS) has been established as an early driver of several age-related diseases, including neurodegeneration. In AD, increased levels of reactive oxygen species mediate neuronal lipid, protein, and nucleic acid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic damage, and inflammation. Thus, the identification of novel antioxidant molecules capable of detecting, preventing, and counteracting AD onset and progression is of the utmost importance. However, although several studies have been published, comprehensive and up-to-date overviews of the principal anti-AD agents harboring antioxidant properties remain scarce. In this narrative review, we summarize the role of vitamins, minerals, flavonoids, non-flavonoids, mitochondria-targeting molecules, organosulfur compounds, and carotenoids as non-enzymatic antioxidants with AD diagnostic, preventative, and therapeutic potential, thereby offering insights into the relationship between OS and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Varesi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Adelaide Carrara
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pola
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Floris
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ricevuti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Alessia Pascale
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence:
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18
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Balgoon MJ. Garden Cress ( Lepidium sativum) Seeds Ameliorated Aluminum-Induced Alzheimer Disease in Rats Through Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antiapoptotic Effects. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:865-878. [PMID: 37077707 PMCID: PMC10106954 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s401740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bioaccumulation of aluminum in the brain is associated with adverse neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative changes, such as those seen in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Objective This study aimed to assess the impact of the administration of Lepidium sativum (LS) extract on behavioral, biochemical, and cerebral histopathological changes in rats with AlCl3-induced AD and explore the mechanism behind this effect. Materials and Methods This study was conducted on 40 male albino rats divided into four groups (n=10): LS (control, 20 mg/kg body weight for 8 weeks), AD (AlCl3, 10 mg/kg body weight), and an LS-treated AD group. Behavioral assessment included radial armed maze and active avoidance training tests. Proinflammatory cytokines, oxidant/antioxidant markers, Aβ, AchE, tau protein, TGFβ1, homocysteine, folic acid, and vitamin B12 were biochemically assessed in the serum. The cerebral cortex was histopathologically examined. Results AlCl3 administration significantly impaired rats' memory, indicating AD-like behavioral changes, significantly increased (P<0.001) oxidative stress markers, enhanced proinflammatory cytokines, and significantly increased AChE (P<0.001) adding to cytotoxic effects and neuronal loss in the cerebral cortex. LS administration significantly improved the antioxidant parameters, reduced proinflammatory cytokines, and alleviated AD-associated histopathological changes. Conclusion LS ameliorated AlCl3-induced changes through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects, suggesting that it has a neuroprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha J Balgoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Maha J Balgoon, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966555762237, Email
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Abd El-Aziz NM, Shehata MG, Alsulami T, Badr AN, Elbakatoshy MR, Ali HS, El-Sohaimy SA. Characterization of Orange Peel Extract and Its Potential Protective Effect against Aluminum Chloride-Induced Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 16:ph16010012. [PMID: 36678510 PMCID: PMC9864618 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder without a cure. Hence, developing an effective treatment or protective agent is crucial for public health. The present study aims to characterize orange peel extract (OPE) through in vitro and in silico studies. Furthermore, it examines the protective effect of OPE against experimentally-induced Alzheimer's disease in rats. The total phenolic and flavonoid content of OPE was 255.86 ± 1.77 and 52.06 ± 1.74 (mg/100 g), respectively. Gallic acid, the common polyphenol in OPE detected by HPLC was 3388.60 μg/100 g. OPE antioxidant IC50 was 67.90 ± 1.05, 60.48 ± 0.91, and 63.70 ± 0.30 by DPPH, ABTS and Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity methods, respectively. In vitro anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) IC50 was 0.87 ± 0.025 mg/mL for OPE and 2.45 ± 0.001 mg/mL for gallic acid. Molecular docking analysis for human AChE (4EY7) with donepezil, gallic acid, and acetylcholine showed binding energy ΔG values of -9.47, -3.72, and -5.69 Kcal/mol, respectively. Aluminum chloride injection (70 mg/Kg/day for 6 weeks) induced Alzheimer's-like disease in male rats. OPE (100 and 200 mg/kg/d) and gallic acid (50 mg/kg/d) were administered orally to experimental animals for 6 weeks in addition to aluminum chloride injection (as protective). OPE was found to protect against aluminum chloride-induced neuronal damage by decreasing both gene expression and activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and a decrease in amyloid beta (Aβ42) protein level, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and nitric oxide (NO), and increased reduced glutathione (GSH) level and activity of the antioxidant enzymes in the brain tissues. Additionally, gene expressions for amyloid precursor protein (APP) and beta secretase enzyme (BACE1) were downregulated, whereas those for presinilin-2 (PSEN2) and beta cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2) were upregulated. Furthermore, the reverse of mitochondrial alternation and restored brain ultrastructure might underlie neuronal dysfunction in AD. In conclusion, our exploration of the neuroprotective effect of OPE in vivo reveals that OPE may be helpful in ameliorating brain oxidative stress, hence protecting from Alzheimer's disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan Mohammad Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Food Technology, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Mohamed Gamal Shehata
- Department of Food Technology, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt
- Food Research Section, R&D Division, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 52150, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tawfiq Alsulami
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Noah Badr
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Marwa Ramadan Elbakatoshy
- Department of Food Technology, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Hatem Salama Ali
- Food Science Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Sobhy Ahmed El-Sohaimy
- Department of Food Technology, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt
- Department of Technology and Organization of Public Catering, Institute of Sport, Tourism and Service, South Ural State University (SUSU), 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
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20
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Role of Nrf2 in aging, Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 82:101756. [PMID: 36243357 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear Factor-Erythroid Factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important transcription factor that regulates the expression of large number of genes in healthy and disease states. Nrf2 is made up of 605 amino acids and contains 7 conserved regions known as Nrf2-ECH homology domains. Nrf2 regulates the expression of several key components of oxidative stress, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, autophagy and mitochondrial function in all organs of the human body, in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Mounting evidence also suggests that altered expression of Nrf2 is largely involved in aging, neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's diseases, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Stroke, Multiple sclerosis and others. The purpose of this article is to detail the essential role of Nrf2 in oxidative stress, antioxidative defense, detoxification, inflammatory responses, transcription factors, proteasomal and autophagic/mitophagic degradation, and metabolism in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. This article also highlights the Nrf2 structural and functional activities in healthy and disease states, and also discusses the current status of Nrf2 research and therapeutic strategies to treat aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
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21
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Abozaid OAR, Sallam MW, El-Sonbaty S, Aziza S, Emad B, Ahmed ESA. Resveratrol-Selenium Nanoparticles Alleviate Neuroinflammation and Neurotoxicity in a Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease by Regulating Sirt1/miRNA-134/GSK3β Expression. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:5104-5114. [PMID: 35059981 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a brain disorder associated with a gradual weakening in neurocognitive functions, neuroinflammation, and impaired signaling pathways. Resveratrol (RSV) has neuroprotective properties, but with low bioavailability, and low solubility in vivo. Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for brain function. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the role of formulated RSV-Se nanoparticles (RSV-SeNPs) on neurochemical and histopathological approaches associated with the AD model in rats induced by Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day for 60 days. RSV-SeNPs supplementation attenuates the impaired oxidative markers and mitochondrial dysfunction. The ameliorative effect of RSV-SeNPs on cholinergic deficits was associated with clearance of amyloid β (Aβ). Furthermore, activation of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) deactivates glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β)-mediated tau hyperphosphorylation. Additionally, RSV-SeNPs downregulate signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) expression as well as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels, therefore alleviating neuroinflammation in AD. Moreover, RSV-SeNPs upregulate the expression of Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and lower that of microRNA-134, consequently increasing neurite outgrowth. Eventually, the obtained results showed that nano-formulation of resveratrol with selenium maximized the therapeutic potential of RSV against Alzheimer's disease not only by their antioxidant but also by anti-inflammatory effect improving the neurocognitive function and modulating the signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omayma A R Abozaid
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Mohsen W Sallam
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Sawsan El-Sonbaty
- National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samy Aziza
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Basma Emad
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Esraa S A Ahmed
- Radiation Biology, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, 11787, Egypt.
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Shimoyama T, Kaneda M, Yoshida S, Michihara S, Fujita N, Han LK, Takahashi R. Ninjin’yoeito ameliorated PPE-induced pulmonary emphysema and anxiety/depressive-like behavior in aged C57BL/6J mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:970697. [PMID: 36299904 PMCID: PMC9589273 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.970697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasing in the elderly. COPD is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by airway remodeling and alveolar emphysema. COPD patients are also at high risk for mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety. Ninjin’yoeito (NYT) is prescribed to patients with conditions such as post-illness and postoperative weakness, fatigue, poor appetite, skin rash, cold hands and feet, and anemia. In addition to traditional uses, NYT is also prescribed as a therapeutic drug for poor functioning of the digestive organs, respiratory organs, and urinary organs. NYT is also known to have an antioxidant effect. The objective of this study was to investigate whether NYT could ameliorate COPD-induced lung injury and anxiety/depression in aged C57BL/6J mice exposed to porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE). While intratracheal administration of PPE induced emphysema in elderly mice, long-term administration of NYT suppressed the pathology. NYT was also found to suppress the apoptosis and oxidative stress caused by PPE. In addition, long-term administration of NYT was found to ameliorate PPE-induced depressive-like behavior in three different behavioral studies. These results suggest that NYT has a therapeutic effect on emphysema and the behavioral abnormalities caused by PPE.
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Mohamed EA, Ahmed HI, Zaky HS, Badr AM. Boswellic acids ameliorate neurodegeneration induced by AlCl 3: the implication of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:76135-76143. [PMID: 35668264 PMCID: PMC9553772 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20611-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease (ND) that represents the principal cause of dementia. Effective treatment is still lacking. Without prevention, Alzheimer's disease (AD) incidence is expected to triple within 30 years. The risk increases in highly polluted areas and is positively linked to chronic aluminum (Al) exposure. Canonical Wingless-Int (Wnt)/β-catenin pathway has been found to play a considerable role in ND pathogenesis. Resins of Boswellia serrata (frankincense) have been used traditionally for their psychoactive activity, in addition to their memory-boosting effects. Boswellic acids (BA) are pentacyclic triterpenes. They have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and immunomodulatory activities. This study aimed to elucidate the role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in BA protective activity against aluminum-induced Alzheimer's disease. For 6 weeks, rats were treated daily with AlCl3 (100 mg/kg/i.p.) either alone or with BA (125 or 250 mg/kg PO). Results indicated that BA significantly improved learning and memory impairments induced by AlCl3 treatment. Moreover, BA treatment significantly decreased acetylcholinesterase levels and reduced amyloid-beta (Aβ) expression. In addition, BA ameliorated the increased expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), inhibited lipid peroxidation, and increased total antioxidants in the brain. Indeed, BA significantly suppressed AlCl3-induced decrease of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, pGSK-3β (Ser 9), and β-catenin. BA (250 mg/kg) showed a significant protective effect compared to a lower dose. The results conclude that BA administration modulated the expression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related parameters, contributing to BA's role against Al-induced Alzheimer's disease. Effect of Boswellic acids on AlCl3-induced neurodegenerative changes. ChE cholinesterase, Ach acetylcholine, BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor, IL-1β interleukin-1β, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A. Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, P.N.11754 Egypt
| | - Hebatalla I. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, P.N.11754 Egypt
| | - Heba S. Zaky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, P.N.11754 Egypt
| | - Amira M. Badr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt
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Čater M, Hölter SM. A Pathophysiological Intersection of Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911562. [PMID: 36232867 PMCID: PMC9569835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is among the most prevalent diseases of the modern world and is strongly linked to an increased risk of numerous neurodegenerative disorders, although the exact pathophysiological mechanisms are not clear yet. Insulin resistance is a serious pathological condition, connecting type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obesity. Recently, insulin resistance has been proven to be connected also to cognitive decline and dementias, including the most prevalent form, Alzheimer's disease. The relationship between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease regarding pathophysiology is so significant that it has been proposed that some presentations of the condition could be termed type 3 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Čater
- Chair of Genetics, Animal Biotechnology and Immunology, Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia
| | - Sabine M. Hölter
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Dehghan M, Fathinejad F, Farzaei MH, Barzegari E. In silico unraveling of molecular anti-neurodegenerative profile of Citrus medica flavonoids against novel pharmaceutical targets. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02496-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Analysis of the Effects of Ninjin’yoeito on Physical Frailty in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911183. [PMID: 36232484 PMCID: PMC9569708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical frailty is an aging-related clinical syndrome involving decreases in body weight, mobility, activity, and walking speed that occurs in individuals with sarcopenia and is accelerated by increased oxidative stress. Ninjin’yoeito, a traditional Japanese Kampo medicine, is used for treating conditions, including anemia and physical weakness. Here, we investigated whether ninjin’yoeito could improve physical frailty by controlling oxidative stress in the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) model. First, SAMP8 mice were divided into two groups, ninjin’yoeito treated and untreated, with the former consuming a diet containing 3% ninjin’yoeito from 3 months of age. At 7 months of age, body weight, motor function, locomotor activity, and mean walking speed were measured. Subsequently, mice were euthanized and measured for muscle weight, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine levels in muscle and brain, and cleaved caspase-3 expression in brain. The results showed reductions in weight, locomotor function, locomotion, and average walking speed in the untreated group, which were significantly improved by ninjin’yoeito. Furthermore, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine levels were reduced in muscle and brain from ninjin’yoeito-treated mice, compared with the levels in untreated mice; cleaved caspase-3 expression was similarly reduced in brain from the treated mice, indicating reduced apoptosis. Our findings suggest that ninjin’yoeito inhibits sarcopenia-based physical frailty through its antioxidant effects.
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The Effect of Ghrelin on Apoptosis, Necroptosis and Autophagy Programmed Cell Death Pathways in the Hippocampal Neurons of Amyloid-β 1–42-Induced Rat Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10457-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Kaur K, Narang RK, Singh S. AlCl 3 induced learning and memory deficit in zebrafish. Neurotoxicology 2022; 92:67-76. [PMID: 35843305 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Aluminium is a metal known to cause neurotoxicity in the brain, by promoting neurodegeneration and affecting memory and cognitive ability. AlCl3 has been reported to enhance reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory markers which are further responsible for the degeneration of neurons. AlCl3 exposure to zebrafish causes behavioral, biochemical, and neurochemical changes in the brain. In our study, Zebrafish were exposed to AlCl3 at three different doses (50 µg/L, 100 µg/L, and 200 µg/L) for four consecutive days. On days 1st and 4th, a novel diving test was performed to check anxiety in zebrafish. T - maze and novel object recognition test were used to check the memory on days 3rd and 4th with the help of ANY-maze software. On the last day (4th day), zebrafishes were sacrificed and whole brains were used to perform the biochemical, neurotransmitters, histopathological, and immunohistochemistry analysis. Our study revealed that AlCl3 exposure significantly decreased the total distance traveled, and the number of entries in the top zone and increased the time spent in the bottom zone, checked through the novel diving test. In the T maze test, AlCl3 treated zebrafish showed significantly increased transfer latency to the favorable zone and time spent, and the number of entries to the unfavorable zone. The exploration time with the novel object was reduced significantly after AlCl3 treatment. Moreover, reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were significantly reduced in AlCl3 treated zebrafish whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) level was found to be increased, indicating high oxidative stress. The neurotransmitters level was also disturbed indicated by the significantly decreased GABA, dopamine, noradrenaline, and Serotonin levels and increased glutamate level in the brain of zebrafish treated with AlCl3. Moreover, histopathological and immunohistochemistry study shows a markedly increased number of pyknotic neurons and reduced the expression of Nrf2 in the zebrafish brain after AlCl3 exposure. These findings suggest that AlCl3 significantly causes behavioral, biochemical, neurotransmitters, morphological, and molecular changes in zebrafish, ultimately causing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karamjeet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India; Affiliated to IKG, Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab 144603, India
| | - R K Narang
- Nanomedicine Research Centre, Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India.
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Wdowiak K, Walkowiak J, Pietrzak R, Bazan-Woźniak A, Cielecka-Piontek J. Bioavailability of Hesperidin and Its Aglycone Hesperetin—Compounds Found in Citrus Fruits as a Parameter Conditioning the Pro-Health Potential (Neuroprotective and Antidiabetic Activity)—Mini-Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132647. [PMID: 35807828 PMCID: PMC9268531 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hesperidin and hesperetin are polyphenols that can be found predominantly in citrus fruits. They possess a variety of pharmacological properties such as neuroprotective and antidiabetic activity. However, the bioavailability of these compounds is limited due to low solubility and restricts their use as pro-healthy agents. This paper described the limitations resulting from the low bioavailability of the presented compounds and gathered the methods aiming at its improvement. Moreover, this work reviewed studies providing pieces of evidence for neuroprotective and antidiabetic properties of hesperidin and hesperetin as well as providing a detailed look into the significance of reported modes of action in chronic diseases. On account of a well-documented pro-healthy activity, it is important to look for ways to overcome the problem of poor bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Wdowiak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Jarosław Walkowiak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Robert Pietrzak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (R.P.); (A.B.-W.)
| | - Aleksandra Bazan-Woźniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (R.P.); (A.B.-W.)
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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Khan M, Rauf W, Habib FE, Rahman M, Iqbal S, Shehzad A, Iqbal M. Hesperidin identified from Citrus extracts potently inhibits HCV genotype 3a NS3 protease. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:98. [PMID: 35366855 PMCID: PMC8976278 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis C virus infection is the main cause of liver ailments across the globe. Several HCV genotypes have been identified in different parts of the world. Effective drugs for combating HCV infections are available but not affordable, particularly to infected individuals from resource-limited countries. Hence, cost-effective drugs need to be developed against important HCV drug targets. As Citrus fruits naturally contain bioactive compounds with antiviral activities, the current study was designed to identify antiviral inhibitors from Citrus fruit extracts against an important drug target, NS3 protease, of HCV genotype 3a which is found predominantly in South Asian countries. Methods The full-length NS3 protease alone and the NS3 protease domain in fusion with the cognate NS4A cofactor were expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified by chromatographic techniques. Using the purified protein as a drug target, Citrus extracts were evaluated in a FRET assay, and active ingredients, identified using ESI–MS/MS, were docked to observe the interaction with active site residues of NS3. The best interacting compound was further confirmed through the FRET assay as the inhibitor of NS3 protease. Results Fusion of the NS3 protease domain to the NS4A cofactor significantly improved the purification yield, and NS3-NS4A was functionally more active than the full-length NS3 alone. The purified protein (NS3-NS4A) was successfully employed in a validated FRET assay to evaluate 14 Citrus fruit extracts, revealing that the mesocarp extract of Citrus paradisi, and whole fruit extracts of C. sinesis, C. aurantinum, and C. reticulata significantly inhibited the protease activity of HCV NS3 protease (IC50 values of 5.79 ± 1.44 µg/mL, 37.19 ± 5.92 µg/mL, 42.62 ± 6.89 µg/mL, and 57.65 ± 3.81 µg/mL, respectively). Subsequent ESI-MSn analysis identified a flavonoid, hesperidin, abundantly present in all the afore-mentioned Citrus extracts. Importantly, docking studies suggested that hesperidin interacts with active site residues, and acts as a potent inhibitor of NS3 protease, exhibiting an IC50 value of 11.34 ± 3.83 µg/mL. Conclusions A FRET assay was developed using NS3-NS4A protease, which was successfully utilized for the evaluation of Citrus fruit extracts. Hesperidin, a compound present in the Citrus extracts, was identified as the main flavonoid, which can serve as a cost-effective potent inhibitor of NS3 protease, and could be developed as a drug for antiviral therapy against HCV genotype 3a. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03578-1.
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Pradhan SP, Sahoo S, Behera A, Sahoo R, Sahu PK. Memory amelioration by hesperidin conjugated gold nanoparticles in diabetes induced cognitive impaired rats. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Zhou D, Bai Z, Guo T, Li J, Li Y, Hou Y, Chen G, Li N. Dietary flavonoids and human top-ranked diseases: The perspective of in vivo bioactivity and bioavailability. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Karthika C, Appu AP, Akter R, Rahman MH, Tagde P, Ashraf GM, Abdel-Daim MM, Hassan SSU, Abid A, Bungau S. Potential innovation against Alzheimer's disorder: a tricomponent combination of natural antioxidants (vitamin E, quercetin, and basil oil) and the development of its intranasal delivery. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:10950-10965. [PMID: 35000160 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17830-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disorder (AD) is very difficult to manage and treat. The complexity of the brain, the blood-brain barrier influencing a multitude of parameters/biomarkers, as well as numerous other factors involved often contribute to the decline in the chances of treatment success. Development of the new drug moiety also takes time, being necessary to consider both its toxicity and related issues. As a strategic plan, a combined strategy is being developed and considered to address AD pathology using several approaches. A combination of vitamin E, quercetin, and basil oil in a nano-based formulation is designed to be administered nasally. The antioxidant present in these natural-based products helps to treat and alleviate AD if a synergistic approach is considered. The three active substances mentioned above are well known for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. The nanoformulation helps the co-delivery of the drug moiety to the brain through the intranasal route. In this review, a correlation and use of vitamin E, quercetin, and basil oil in a nano-based formulation is described as an effective way to treat AD. The intranasal administration of drugs is a promising approach for the treatment of neurodegenerative and mental disorders, as this route is non-invasive, enhances the bioavailability, allows a drug dose reduction, bypasses the blood-brain barrier, and reduces the systemic undesired effect. The use of natural products is generally considered to be just as safe; therefore, by using this combined approach, the level of toxicity can be minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenmala Karthika
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Nilgiris, Ooty, 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Rokeya Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Sadarghat, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
- Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Gangwon-do, Wonju, 26426, South Korea
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Gangwon-do, Wonju, 26426, South Korea.
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka, 1213, Bangladesh.
| | - Priti Tagde
- Bhabha Pharmacy Research Institute, Bhabha University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Syed Shams Ul Hassan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Areha Abid
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028, Oradea, Romania
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087, Oradea, Romania
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Guo P, Zhang B, Zhao J, Wang C, Wang Z, Liu A, Du G. Medicine-Food Herbs against Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review of Their Traditional Functional Features, Substance Basis, Clinical Practices and Mechanisms of Action. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030901. [PMID: 35164167 PMCID: PMC8839204 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder that currently has reached epidemic proportions among elderly populations around the world. In China, available traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) that organically combine functional foods with medicinal values are named “Medicine Food Homology (MFH)”. In this review, we focused on MFH varieties for their traditional functional features, substance bases, clinical uses, and mechanisms of action (MOAs) for AD prevention and treatment. We consider the antiAD active constituents from MFH species, their effects on in vitro/in vivo AD models, and their drug targets and signal pathways by summing up the literature via a systematic electronic search (SciFinder, PubMed, and Web of Science). In this paper, several MFH plant sources are discussed in detail from in vitro/in vivo models and methods, to MOAs. We found that most of the MFH varieties exert neuroprotective effects and ameliorate cognitive impairments by inhibiting neuropathological signs (Aβ-induced toxicity, amyloid precursor protein, and phosphorylated Tau immunoreactivity), including anti-inflammation, antioxidative stress, antiautophagy, and antiapoptosis, etc. Indeed, some MFH substances and their related phytochemicals have a broad spectrum of activities, so they are superior to simple single-target drugs in treating chronic diseases. This review can provide significant guidance for people’s healthy lifestyles and drug development for AD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Baoyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ailin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (G.D.)
| | - Guanhua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (G.D.)
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Li W, Li G, Yuan Z, Li M, Deng X, Tan M, Ma Y, Chen J, Xu J. Illustration of the variation in the content of flavanone rutinosides in various citrus germplasms from genetic and enzymatic perspectives. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:6510704. [PMID: 35040975 PMCID: PMC8788359 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In citrus, 1,6-rhamnosytransferase (1,6RhaT) and 1,2-rhamnosytransferase (1,2RhaT) catalyze flavanone-7-O-glucosides to form nonbitter flavanone rutinosides (FRs) and bitter flavanone neohesperidosides (FNs), respectively. As revealed in this study of fruit peels from 36 citrus accessions, FRs varied from undetectable levels in pummelo and kumquat to being the dominant flavonoids in sweet orange and loose-skin mandarins. Furthermore, a previously annotated full-length 1,6RhaT-like gene was identified as another 1,6RhaT-encoding gene by in vitro experiments. In total, 28 alleles of full-length 1,6RhaTs were isolated and classified into A, B and C types with only type A alleles encoding a functional protein. Coincidently, only the accessions that contained FRs harbored type A alleles, as was further verified in two F1 hybrid populations. Moreover, the inferior substrate conversion efficiency of 1,6RhaTs in comparison with that of 1,2RhaT in vitro might partly explain the lower proportions of FRs to total flavanone disaccharides in citrus hybrids harboring both functional rhamnosyltransferases. Our findings provide a better understanding of FR content variations among citrus and are meaningful for a mechanistic illustration of citrus flavonoid metabolism and fruit quality improvement practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street,
Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
- Guizhou Fruit Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.1 Jinnong Road, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Gu Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street,
Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ziyu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street,
Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street,
Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street,
Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Meilian Tan
- The Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.2 Xudong Second Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yuhua Ma
- Guizhou Fruit Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.1 Jinnong Road, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Jiajing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street,
Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street,
Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
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Raju M, Kunde SS, Auti ST, Kulkarni YA, Wairkar S. Berberine loaded nanostructured lipid carrier for Alzheimer's disease: Design, statistical optimization and enhanced in vivo performance. Life Sci 2021; 285:119990. [PMID: 34592234 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, is reported for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Despite having substantial therapeutic potential, it exhibits poor absorption, low oral bioavailability and limited penetration in the brain. In this study, berberine-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (Berb-NLCs) were developed by melt-emulsification and ultrasonication using Geleol, Miglyol 812 N, Solutol HS 15 as a solid lipid, liquid lipid and surfactant, respectively. The Berb-NLC formulation was statistically optimized by a 32 factorial design in which the effect of surfactant and berberine concentration was assessed on particle size and entrapment efficiency of Berb-NLCs. Optimized Berb-NLCs (Trial-5) exhibited particle size of 186 nm, polydispersity index of 0.108, the zeta potential of -36.86 mV and 88% entrapment efficiency. The in vitro release of berberine from Batch-B5 was 82% in phosphate buffer at the end of 24 h. The comparative results of pharmacodynamic studies involving behavioral assessment by locomotor activity, passive avoidance test, elevated plus maze test and spatial memory assessment by Morris water maze demonstrated improved behavioral parameters in vivo by Berb-NLCs compared to pure berberine in Albino Wistar rats. Thus, berberine-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers have the potential of brain targeting and were effective in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Raju
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKMs NMIMS, V.L.Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056, India
| | - Shalvi Sinai Kunde
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKMs NMIMS, V.L.Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056, India
| | - Sandip T Auti
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKMs NMIMS, V.L.Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKMs NMIMS, V.L.Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056, India
| | - Sarika Wairkar
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKMs NMIMS, V.L.Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056, India.
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Liu Q, Xie T, Xi Y, Li L, Mo F, Liu X, Liu Z, Gao JM, Yuan T. Sesamol Attenuates Amyloid Peptide Accumulation and Cognitive Deficits in APP/PS1 Mice: The Mediating Role of the Gut-Brain Axis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:12717-12729. [PMID: 34669408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease, is the leading cause of dementia. Sesamol is a lignan extracted from sesame oil and has been found to exert neuroprotective effects. The present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of sesamol on APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic AD mice. The AD mice were fed with a diet supplemented with sesamol (0.075 w/w %). Sesamol treatment improved spatial memory and learning ability in AD mice, improved neuronal damage, and decreased Aβ accumulation. Sesamol protected the synaptic ultrastructure and inhibited neuroinflammatory responses in the brain of AD mice. Sesamol also significantly inhibited the overactivated microglia and reduced the overexpression of TNF-α and IL-1β in the brain of AD mice. Notably, sesamol reshaped gut microbiota by significantly decreasing the relative abundance of Helicobacter hepaticus, Clostridium, and Bacillaceae, enhancing the relative abundance of Rikenellaceae and Bifidobacterium in AD mice. It has been found that sesamol protected the gut barrier integrity and prevented the LPS leakage into the serum. Importantly, sesamol remarkably enhanced the content of SCFAs, including acetate, propionate, isobutyrate, butyrate, and valerate, in AD mice. Correlation analysis indicated that there was a strong correlation between the levels of SCFAs and cognitive functions. These results demonstrated that sesamol attenuated AD-related cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammatory responses, which could be partly explained by its role in mediating the gut microbe-SCFA-brain axis. Thus, sesamol is a promising nutritional intervention strategy to prevent AD via the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tianzhi Xie
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yujia Xi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ling Li
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fengfeng Mo
- Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jin-Ming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Tian Yuan
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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Ishola IO, Ben-Azu B, Adebayo OA, Ajayi AM, Omorodion IL, Edje KE, Adeyemi OO. Prevention and reversal of ketamine-induced experimental psychosis in mice by the neuroactive flavonoid, hesperidin: The role of oxidative and cholinergic mechanisms. Brain Res Bull 2021; 177:239-251. [PMID: 34653559 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Currently, prevailing evidence have identified cholinergic and oxidative pathways as important therapeutic targets for abating ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like behavior. Thus, this study evaluated the ability of hesperidin, a naturally occurring antioxidant and neuroprotective flavonoid, to prevent and reverse ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like behaviors and changes in cholinergic, oxidative and nitrergic status in mice. Forty-eight male Swiss mice were allotted into the preventive and reversal studies with 4 groups (n = 6) each. In the preventive study, groups 1 and 2 received vehicle (10 mL/kg/p.o./day), while groups 3 and 4 had hesperidin (100 mg/kg/p.o./day) for 14 days, but ketamine (20 mg/kg/i.p./day) was concurrently given to groups 2 and 4 from days 8-14. In the reversal study, groups 1 and 3 received vehicle, groups 2 and 4 were pretreated with ketamine for 14 days. Nevertheless, groups 3 and 4 additionally received hesperidin from days 8-14. Thereafter, schizophrenia-like behavior from exploratory activity, open-field (positive symptoms), Y-maze (cognitive symptoms) and social interaction (negative symptoms) tests were evaluated. Brain levels of oxidative/nitrergic (glutathione, superoxide-dismutase, malondialdehyde and nitrite levels) and cholinergic (acetylcholinesterase activity) markers were measured in the prefrontal-cortex, striatum and hippocampus. Hesperidin prevents and reverses ketamine-induced hyperactivities, social withdrawal and cognitive impairment. Also, hesperidin prevented and reversed ketamine-induced decrease in glutathione and superoxide-dismutase levels in the prefrontal-cortical, striatal and hippocampal brain regions in mice. Consequently, hesperidin attenuated ketamine-induced increase in malondialdehyde, nitrite levels and acetylcholinesterase activities in the prefrontal-cortex, striatum and hippocampus, respectively. The study showed that hesperidin prevents and reverses ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like behavior through inhibition of oxidative/nitrergic stress and acetylcholinesterase activity in mice brains. Therefore, these findings suggest that hesperidin dietary supplementation could provide natural nutritional intervention to protect against epigenetic-induced mental ill-health like schizophrenia, and thus serve as an important agent for nutritional psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail O Ishola
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria.
| | - Oluwatosin A Adebayo
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi M Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Iziegbe Lisa Omorodion
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Drug Development, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kesiena Emmanuel Edje
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, United Kingdom
| | - Olufunmilayo O Adeyemi
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
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Mandour DA, Bendary MA, Alsemeh AE. Histological and imunohistochemical alterations of hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in a rat model of Alzheimer like-disease with a preferential role of the flavonoid "hesperidin". J Mol Histol 2021; 52:1043-1065. [PMID: 34170456 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-09998-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by degeneration of the central cholinergic neurons, inflammation and oxidative stress in the basal forebrain, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Hesperidin (Hesp) is one of the flavonoids havinganti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties in some neurodegerative brain lesions. To investigate the possible neuroprotective role of Hespin an AD-like rat model induced experimentally by Scopolamine (Scop). Forty adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated into four groups. Group I-(Control), group II-(Hesp) (supplemented orally with 100 mg/kg Hesp for 28 days), group III-(AD) (injected i.p with 1 mg/kg Scop for 9 days) and group IV-(Hesp/AD). At the end of the experiment, behavioral (Y-maze test) and biochemical analysis were carried out along with histological, immunohistochemical and morphometric studies of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. AD rats displayed memory impairment in the behavioural paradigm with a concomitant increase of serum TNF-α and IL-1β, while IL-10 decreased significantly. Also, there was a rise of amyloid beta-42 (Aβ-42), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) together with a decrease of reduced glutathione (GSH) in hippocampal and prefrontal homogenate. In addition, sections of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex revealed obvious histopathological changes, overexpression of p-Tau protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) with a decrease in the expression of synaptophysin (SYN). Contradictorily, pre-treatment with Hesp offset the spatial memory deficits, redox imbalance, Aβ-42 and AChE over activity as well as preserved the histological architecture and attenuated the raised p-Tau protein and GFAP while upregulated SYN immuoreactivity of AD rats. Collectively, our results highlight the potential mitigating role of Hesp in AD-like state in rats and this may presumably raise the possibility of its future implementation as a prophylactic remedy against AD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia A Mandour
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - M A Bendary
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Amira E Alsemeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
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Wang Q, Dong X, Zhang R, Zhao C. Flavonoids with Potential Anti-Amyloidogenic Effects as Therapeutic Drugs for Treating Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:505-533. [PMID: 34569961 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a central neurodegenerative disease generally among the elderly; it accounts for approximately 50-75%of total cases of dementia patients and poses a serious threat to physical and mental health. Currently available treatments for AD mainly relieves its symptoms, and effective therapy is urgently needed. Deposition of amyloid-β protein in the brain is an early and invariant neuropathological feature of AD. Currently the main efforts in developing anti-AD drugs focus on anti-amyloidogenic therapeutics that prevent amyloid-β production or aggregation and decrease the occurrence of neurotoxic events. The results of an increasing number of studies suggest that natural extracts and phytochemicals have a positive impact on brain aging. Flavonoids belong to the broad group of polyphenols and recent data indicate a favorable effect of flavonoids on brain aging. In this review, we collect relevant discoveries from 1999 to 2021, discuss 75 flavonoids that effectively influence AD pathogenesis, and summarize their functional mechanisms in detail. The data we have reviewed show that, these flavonoids belong to various subclasses, including flavone, flavanone, biflavone, etc. Our results provide a reference for further study of the effects of flavonoids on AD and the progress of anti-AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Wang
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofang Dong
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Changqi Zhao
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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41
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Erekat NS. Apoptosis and its therapeutic implications in neurodegenerative diseases. Clin Anat 2021; 35:65-78. [PMID: 34558138 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by progressive loss of particular populations of neurons. Apoptosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, Huntington disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In this review, we focus on the existing notions relevant to comprehending the apoptotic death process, including the morphological features, mediators and regulators of cellular apoptosis. We also highlight the evidence of neuronal apoptotic death in Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, Huntington disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Additionally, we present evidence of potential therapeutic agents that could modify the apoptotic pathway in the aforementioned neurodegenerative diseases and delay disease progression. Finally, we review the clinical trials that were conducted to evaluate the use of anti-apoptotic drugs in the treatment of the aforementioned neurodegenerative diseases, in order to highlight the essential need for early detection and intervention of neurodegenerative diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour S Erekat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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42
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Rahman MH, Bajgai J, Fadriquela A, Sharma S, Trinh TT, Akter R, Jeong YJ, Goh SH, Kim CS, Lee KJ. Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products in Treating Neurodegenerative Disorders and Their Future Prospects and Challenges. Molecules 2021; 26:5327. [PMID: 34500759 PMCID: PMC8433718 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products derived from plants, as well as their bioactive compounds, have been extensively studied in recent years for their therapeutic potential in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including Alzheimer's (AD), Huntington's (HD), and Parkinson's (PD) disease. These diseases are characterized by progressive dysfunction and loss of neuronal structure and function. There has been little progress in designing efficient treatments, despite impressive breakthroughs in our understanding of NDs. In the prevention and therapy of NDs, the use of natural products may provide great potential opportunities; however, many clinical issues have emerged regarding their use, primarily based on the lack of scientific support or proof of their effectiveness and patient safety. Since neurodegeneration is associated with a myriad of pathological processes, targeting multi-mechanisms of action and neuroprotection approaches that include preventing cell death and restoring the function of damaged neurons should be employed. In the treatment of NDs, including AD and PD, natural products have emerged as potential neuroprotective agents. This current review will highlight the therapeutic potential of numerous natural products and their bioactive compounds thatexert neuroprotective effects on the pathologies of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea; (M.H.R.); (J.B.); (S.S.); (T.T.T.); (Y.J.J.); (S.H.G.); (C.-S.K.)
- Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Graduate School, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Johny Bajgai
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea; (M.H.R.); (J.B.); (S.S.); (T.T.T.); (Y.J.J.); (S.H.G.); (C.-S.K.)
| | - Ailyn Fadriquela
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Subham Sharma
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea; (M.H.R.); (J.B.); (S.S.); (T.T.T.); (Y.J.J.); (S.H.G.); (C.-S.K.)
- Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Graduate School, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Thuy Thi Trinh
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea; (M.H.R.); (J.B.); (S.S.); (T.T.T.); (Y.J.J.); (S.H.G.); (C.-S.K.)
- Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Graduate School, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Rokeya Akter
- Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Graduate School, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Yun Ju Jeong
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea; (M.H.R.); (J.B.); (S.S.); (T.T.T.); (Y.J.J.); (S.H.G.); (C.-S.K.)
| | - Seong Hoon Goh
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea; (M.H.R.); (J.B.); (S.S.); (T.T.T.); (Y.J.J.); (S.H.G.); (C.-S.K.)
| | - Cheol-Su Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea; (M.H.R.); (J.B.); (S.S.); (T.T.T.); (Y.J.J.); (S.H.G.); (C.-S.K.)
| | - Kyu-Jae Lee
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea; (M.H.R.); (J.B.); (S.S.); (T.T.T.); (Y.J.J.); (S.H.G.); (C.-S.K.)
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Emodin derivatives with multi-factor anti-AD activities: AChE inhibitor, anti-oxidant and metal chelator. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Walczak-Nowicka ŁJ, Herbet M. Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Role of Acetylcholinesterase in their Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9290. [PMID: 34502198 PMCID: PMC8430571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases by influencing the inflammatory response, apoptosis, oxidative stress and aggregation of pathological proteins. There is a search for new compounds that can prevent the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases and slow down their course. The aim of this review is to present the role of AChE in the pathomechanism of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, this review aims to reveal the benefits of using AChE inhibitors to treat these diseases. The selected new AChE inhibitors were also assessed in terms of their potential use in the described disease entities. Designing and searching for new drugs targeting AChE may in the future allow the discovery of therapies that will be effective in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariola Herbet
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8bStreet, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
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Sirin S, Aslim B. Protective effect of exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria against amyloid beta1-42induced oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells: Involvement of the AKT, MAPK, and NF-κB signaling pathway. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Abdelmeguid NE, Khalil MIM, Elhabet R, Sultan AS, Salam SA. Combination of docosahexaenoic acid and Ginko biloba extract improves cognitive function and hippocampal tissue damages in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 116:101995. [PMID: 34182090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.101995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases characterized by a progressive loss of memory and other cognitive functions among elder people. Nowadays, natural antioxidants have been used to recover the quality of life for those with AD. In this study, we investigated, for the first time, the combined effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and Ginkgo bilobastandardized extract (EGb761) on AD mice. AD was induced in adult male albino mice with AlCl3 (20 mg/kg b.w, i.g.) and D-galactose (D-gal; 120 mg/kg, i.p.) for 90 days. 30 days after induction, mice were treated with DHA (200 mg/kg b.w., i.g.) and EGb761 (200 mg/kg b.w., i.g.) for two months. Our data revealed that the dual treatment of DHA and EGb761 significantly improved cognitive memory and spatial learning abilities in AD-induced mice. The drug treatments preserved the hippocampal CA3 architecture and restored neuronal ultrastructural alterations. Expression of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), the most implicated protein phosphatase in AD neurodegeneration, was highly upregulated in the CA3 hippocampus of AD mice treated with DHA and EGb761. Intriguingly, TNF-α expression was significantly reduced in the same group. In conclusion, our findings proved that the combined effect of DHA and EGb761 tended to be potent against the neurodegenerative effect of AlCl3 and D-gal. The applied treatment enhanced neuronal survival and cognitive functions via upregulation of PP2A and restoration of TNF-α expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila E Abdelmeguid
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud I M Khalil
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Lebanon.
| | - Rasha Elhabet
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed S Sultan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Sherine Abdel Salam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Elfouly A, Awny M, Ibrahim MK, Aboelsaad M, Tian J, Sayed M. Effects of Long-Acting Testosterone Undecanoate on Behavioral Parameters and Na + , K +-ATPase mRNA Expression in Mice with Alzheimer`s Disease. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2238-2248. [PMID: 34036518 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that testosterone attenuates stress-induced mood dysfunction and memory deterioration. However, the exact mechanism is still unknown. This study was conducted to investigate the role of long-term testosterone undecanoate on the behavioral responses in AD induced by AlCl3 + D-galactose administration and the possible alteration of the gene expression level of the Na/K ATPase pump. Adult male mice received AlCl3 in drinking water (10 mg/kg/day) and (D-gal 200 mg/kg/day), subcutaneously for 90 consecutive days, then received a single intramuscular (I.M) injection of castor oil (vehicle) on day 91, while treated groups received a single I.M injection of either low (100 mg/kg/45 days) or high dose (500 mg/kg/45 days) respectively of long-acting testosterone undecanoate on day 91. The time spent in the interaction zone during the open field test, preference index to novel objects in the novel object recognition test, spontaneous alternation percentage (SAP) in Y-maze test, and escape latency time in the Morris water maze test were used to measure the locomotor activity, long-term memory, and spatial memory in mice, respectively. The results showed that testosterone undecanoate treatment improved locomotor activity, improved preference to novel objects, improved spatial memory, and reversed anxiety and depression induced by AlCl3 + D-galactose administration in male mice, suggesting the enhancement of behavioral and memory functions brought by testosterone treatment. Moreover, testosterone undecanoate treatment did alter gene expression levels of Na/K ATPase isoforms in the brain hippocampus. In most cases, altered gene expression was significant and correlated with the observed behavioral changes. Taken together, our findings provide new insight into the effects of long-acting testosterone undecanoate administration on locomotor activity, long-term memory, anxiety, and spatial memory in male mice with Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Elfouly
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6Th University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Awny
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6Th University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M K Ibrahim
- Department of Developmental Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
| | - M Aboelsaad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El Shorouk City, Egypt
| | - J Tian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences &, Marshall Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR), Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - M Sayed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El Shorouk City, Egypt. .,Center of Drug Research Development (CDRD), The British University in Egypt, El Shorouk City, Egypt.
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Kaur S, Raj K, Gupta YK, Singh S. Allicin ameliorates aluminium- and copper-induced cognitive dysfunction in Wistar rats: relevance to neuro-inflammation, neurotransmitters and Aβ (1-42) analysis. J Biol Inorg Chem 2021; 26:495-510. [PMID: 34023945 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-021-01866-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurological disorder associated with neuropathological and neurobehavioral changes, like cognition and memory loss. Pathological hallmarks of AD comprise oxidative stress, formation of insoluble β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles constituted by hyperphosphorylated tau protein (P-tau), neurotransmitters dysbalanced (DA, NE, 5-HT, GABA and Glutamate) and metal deposition. Chronic exposure to metals like aluminium and copper causes accumulation of Aβ plaques, promotes oxidative stress, neuro-inflammation, and degeneration of cholinergic neurons results in AD-like symptoms. In the present study, rats were administered with aluminium chloride (200 mg/kg p.o) and copper sulfate (0.5 mg/kg p.o) alone and in combination for 28 days. Allicin (10 and 20 mg/kg i.p) was administered from day 7 to day 28. Spatial and recognition memory impairment analysis was performed using Morris water maze, Probe trial, and Novel Object Recognition test. Animals were sacrificed on day 29, brain tissue was isolated, and its homogenate was used for biochemical (lipid peroxidation, nitrite, and glutathione), neuro-inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF- α), neurotransmitters (DA, NE, 5-HT, GABA and Glutamate), Aβ(1-42) level, Al concentration estimation, and Na+/K+-ATPase activity. In the present study, aluminium chloride and copper sulfate administration increased oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines release, imbalanced neurotransmitters' concentration, and promoted β-amyloid accumulation and Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Treatment with allicin dose-dependently attenuated these pathological events via restoration of antioxidants, neurotransmitters concentration, and inhibiting cytokine release and β-amyloid accumulation. Moreover, allicin exhibited the neuroprotective effect through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neurotransmitters restoration, attenuation of neuro-inflammation and β-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunpreet Kaur
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Khadga Raj
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Y K Gupta
- President AIIMs Bhopal, Chairman RAC , ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
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Akter R, Chowdhury MAR, Rahman MH. Flavonoids and Polyphenolic Compounds as Potential Talented Agents for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease and their Antioxidant Activities. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:345-356. [PMID: 33138754 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201102102810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a normal human cycle and the most important risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. Alternations in cells due to aging contribute to loss of the nutrient-sensing, cell function, increased oxidative stress, loss of the homeostasis cell, genomic instability, the build-up of malfunctioning proteins, weakened cellular defenses, and a telomere split. Disturbance of these essential cellular processes in neuronal cells can lead to life threats including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), Lewy's disease, etc. The most common cause of death in the elderly population is AD. Specific therapeutic molecules were created to alleviate AD's social, economic, and health burden. In clinical practice, almost every chemical compound was found to relieve symptoms only in palliative treatment. The reason behind these perfect medicines is that the current medicines are not effective in targeting the cause of this disease. In this paper, we explored the potential role of flavonoid and polyphenolic compounds, which could be the most effective preventative anti-Alzheimer's strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokeya Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Sadarghat, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka-1213, South Korea
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Varshney H, Siddique YH. Role of natural plant products against Alzheimer's disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 20:904-941. [PMID: 33881973 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210420135437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the major neurodegenerative disorder. Deposition of amyloid fibrils and tau protein are associated with various pathological symptoms. Currently limited medication is available for AD treatment. Most of the drugs are basically cholinesterase inhibitors and associated with various side effects. Natural plant products have shown potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of AD symptoms. Variety of secondary metabolites like flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids and phenols are used to reduce the progression of the disease. Plant products have less or no side effect and are easily available. The present review gives a detailed account of the potential of natural plant products against the AD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshi Varshney
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yasir Hasan Siddique
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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