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Cook-Cottone C, Rovig S, Cottone M, Evelyn Estey EE, Guyker W, Roff C. A controlled trial assessing the acceptability and efficacy of a yoga-based eating disorder prevention program among division I athletes: Eat Breathe Thrive (EBT). Eat Disord 2024; 32:439-457. [PMID: 38345064 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2024.2313296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the acceptability and effectiveness of the Eat Breathe Thrive (EBT) program as an eating disorder prevention intervention among women collegiate athletes. METHOD Change over time in eating disorder risk and competencies of positive embodiment were examined in 94 women (n = 48 EBT participants and n = 46 matched-controls) from one National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I-classified university in the United States. Eating disorder risk factors were measured using the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Aspects of positive embodiment were measured using the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) and The Mindful Self-Care Scale (MSCS). Data were collected through participants' completion of online surveys across three time-points. RESULTS Repeated measures ANOVAS revealed EBT participants reported experiencing significantly less state anxiety and greater interoceptive body trusting over time relative to matched-controls. No other significant interactions were found. Respondents found the EBT program acceptable. DISCUSSION Acceptability and partial support for integrative, yoga-based, interventions targeting Division I student-athletes is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Cook-Cottone
- Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
| | - Stephanie Rovig
- Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
| | - Maya Cottone
- Division of Psychological and Educational Services, Counseling Psychology, Fordham University, New York City, USA
| | - Esther Ellyn Evelyn Estey
- Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
| | - Wendy Guyker
- Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
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Pershyn CL, Guyker W, Schlant E, Borden A, Roff C, Evelyn Estey EE, Cook-Cottone C. Eat Breathe Thrive: an interpretative phenomenological analysis of a yoga-based eating disorder intervention. Eat Disord 2024; 32:401-425. [PMID: 38379316 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2024.2312636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that yoga-based interventions might aid in the prevention and treatment of eating disorders. The current qualitative study used Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to analyze the nature and degree of impact of a yoga and mindfulness-based eating disorder prevention intervention Eat Breath Thrive (EBT). Data was collected via semi-structured interviews with 16 participants over the age of 18 who took part in the EBT program between 2018 and 2022. Using IPA methodology, and after several rounds of coding, emergent themes were interpreted and organized to develop a theoretical model explaining the mechanism of change experienced and described by EBT participants. The resulting model outlines an experiential progression from psychoeducation and skill development/practice to increased mindful awareness, and empowered state experiences which led to the following outcomes: independent positive action, self-initiated positive state experiences, and increased embodied well-being. Participants reported increased self-compassion and self-acceptance, with decreased emphasis on disordered eating behaviors. Qualitative data is necessary for understanding why yoga works, from an experiential perspective. This study adds to the new, and rapidly expanding body of research supporting the positive effects of yoga and mindfulness on the prevention and treatment of eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Lua Pershyn
- Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA
| | - Wendy Guyker
- Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA
| | | | - Ashlye Borden
- Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA
| | | | - Esther Ellyn Evelyn Estey
- Eat Breathe Thrive, Colorado, USA
- Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Catherine Cook-Cottone
- Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA
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O'Brien J, McIver S, Evans S, Trethewey E, O'Shea M. Yoga as an adjunct treatment for eating disorders: a qualitative enquiry of client perspectives. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:245. [PMID: 38915010 PMCID: PMC11194889 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04514-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This qualitative enquiry explores the experiences and perspectives of individuals with an eating disorder (ED) regarding their perceptions of yoga as an adjunct intervention to psychotherapy. It also explores the feasibility, acceptability, and safety of yoga from their perspectives. METHODS This study used a practice-based evidence framework and employed semi-structured interviews with 16 females with an ED. Participants were asked about their perspectives on the use of yoga as an adjunct intervention in ED recovery, perceived risks and what factors supported or hindered engagement. Thematic template analysis was used. RESULTS Three topic areas were elaborated. The first included participants' perceptions of how yoga enhanced their ED recovery. The second included how and when participants came to find yoga in their ED recovery. The final topic explored factors that supported participants with ED to engage in yoga. These resulted in the development of guiding principles to consider when designing a yoga intervention for EDs. CONCLUSIONS This study adds further to the emerging evidence that yoga can bring complementary benefits to ED recovery and provides a biopsychosocial-spiritual framework for understanding these. Findings provide an understanding of how yoga programs can be adapted to improve safety and engagement for people with an ED. Yoga programs for people with EDs should be co-designed to ensure that the physical, social, and cultural environment is accessible and acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer O'Brien
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Shane McIver
- School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Subhadra Evans
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eleanor Trethewey
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melissa O'Shea
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
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Martinez-Calderon J, Casuso-Holgado MJ, Matias-Soto J, Pineda-Escobar S, Villar-Alises O, García-Muñoz C. Exercise and mind-body exercise for feeding and eating disorders: a systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regressions. Disabil Rehabil 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38850199 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2024.2362945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a systematic review with meta-analysis to summarize the effectiveness of exercise, regular physical activity, and mind-body exercise on harmful exercise habits, psychological factors, and quality of life in people clinically diagnosed with feeding and eating disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS Randomized clinical trials and pilot randomized clinical trials were considered. RESULTS Twelve studies were included. No studies evaluated athletes. No studies examined regular physical activity as the targeted intervention. Quality of life could not be meta-analyzed. Overall, meta-analyses showed that exercise or mind-body exercise was not more effective than controls in reducing depression symptoms, harmful exercise habits, eating behaviors, or emotional regulation skills. However, important methodological and clinical issues were detected in the included studies. This affected the certainty of evidence of the meta-analyzed outcomes which ranged from low to very low. No studies reported in sufficient detail their interventions to be replicated. CONCLUSIONS Overall, exercise and mind-body exercise may be ineffective in improving meta-analyzed outcomes. However, the certainty of evidence ranged from low to very low and the body of knowledge in this field needs to be increased to reach robust conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martinez-Calderon
- IBiS, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- CTS 1110: Uncertainty, Mindfulness, Self, and Spirituality (UMSS) Research Group, Andalusia, Spain
| | - María Jesús Casuso-Holgado
- IBiS, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- CTS 1110: Uncertainty, Mindfulness, Self, and Spirituality (UMSS) Research Group, Andalusia, Spain
| | - Javier Matias-Soto
- CTS 1110: Uncertainty, Mindfulness, Self, and Spirituality (UMSS) Research Group, Andalusia, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Saul Pineda-Escobar
- CTS 1110: Uncertainty, Mindfulness, Self, and Spirituality (UMSS) Research Group, Andalusia, Spain
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Olga Villar-Alises
- CTS 1110: Uncertainty, Mindfulness, Self, and Spirituality (UMSS) Research Group, Andalusia, Spain
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Muñoz
- CTS 1110: Uncertainty, Mindfulness, Self, and Spirituality (UMSS) Research Group, Andalusia, Spain
- Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
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Jankauskiene R, Baceviciene M. Mindful monitoring and accepting the body in physical activity mediates the associations between physical activity and positive body image in a sample of young physically active adults. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1360145. [PMID: 38645728 PMCID: PMC11026569 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1360145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The study aimed to extend research on the possible mechanisms that explain the associations between physical activity (PA), mindfulness during PA and positive body image. In the present study, we tested the mediating role of state mindfulness during PA in the association between PA and trait body appreciation. We also explored the moderating roles of sex and body mass index (BMI) in these associations. Methods In total, 759 students participated in the study but after applying the inclusion criteria 539 questionnaires were approved for analysis, with a mean age of 23.3 ± 7.2 years (49.7% were women). Study participants completed the online survey, which included sociodemographic details, PA data, the State Mindfulness Scale for Physical Activity 2 (SMS-PA-2) and the Body Appreciation Scale 2 (BAS-2). Results Monitoring and accepting the body during exercise mediated the association between PA and body appreciation. BMI moderated the association between accepting the body during exercise and body appreciation: for heavier individuals with BMI > 24.99 kg/m2, the associations between accepting the body during exercise and body appreciation were higher (B = 0.53, p < 0.001) compared to those whose body weight was in the normal range (B = 0.21, p < 0.001). Conclusion Strengthening mindfulness and promoting mindful body acceptance during exercise might enhance a positive body image, especially in individuals with a higher BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasa Jankauskiene
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Migle Baceviciene
- Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Trethewey E, McIver S, Evans S, O'Brien J, O'Shea M. Yoga as an adjunct treatment for the eating disorders: A qualitive enquiry of clinician perspectives. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2023; 53:101796. [PMID: 37741064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2023.101796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yoga has been recognised as a beneficial adjunct for eating disorder (ED) treatment due to demonstrating positive effects on ED symptomology. Despite this, research exploring the perspectives of clinicians regarding the use of yoga for the spectrum of the EDs is limited. Consequently, this study utilised qualitative enquiry to explore the experiences and perspectives of clinicians regarding the implementation of yoga as an adjunct for ED treatment. This research examines how yoga may be safely applied for the EDs, to enhance ED treatment approaches and recovery. METHODS This study employed semi-structured interviews with 12-clincians with up to 20-years of experience working therapeutically with people with EDs. Participants were asked their perspectives on the benefits, risks, and adaptations for delivering safe and suitable yoga programs for the spectrum of EDs. Template thematic analysis was used. RESULTS Four distinct themes were identified. They included the (1) benefits of yoga, (2) risks associated with the practice, (3) recommendations for adapting yoga for this cohort, and (4) implementing yoga alongside current psychological treatment. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians viewed yoga as a safe and suitable transdiagnostic treatment, with the potential to support individuals with a more holistic and sustained recovery model. Clinicians raised concerns that might arise with the use of yoga for this cohort, however, they also emphasised the ability for these to be mitigated with a series of key adaptations. Importantly, clinicians recommended that yoga is implemented and monitored alongside ED treatment to ensure its suitability and safety. Key barriers for implementing yoga as an adjunct treatment and future research directions are discussed. Recent research has explored the benefits of yoga for individuals with eating disorders (EDs). However, researchers have not yet interviewed clinicians who work with those with EDs regarding their views on using yoga for their clients. This study therefore interviewed 12 clinicians working with individuals with EDs, to obtain their views for using yoga as a therapeutic treatment for this group. Overall, clinicians viewed yoga as a safe and beneficial treatment for EDs. While some concerns were raised regarding the safety of yoga for this group, clinicians emphasised that these could be relieved by a series of key adaptations. This study offers unique insights into how yoga may be safely applied into the care for ED clients, to enhance their treatment approaches and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shane McIver
- School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Australia.
| | | | - Jennifer O'Brien
- School of Allied Health, Australian Catholic University, Australia.
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Martínez-Calderon J, Casuso-Holgado MJ, Muñoz-Fernandez MJ, Garcia-Muñoz C, Heredia-Rizo AM. Yoga-based interventions may reduce anxiety symptoms in anxiety disorders and depression symptoms in depressive disorders: a systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:1442-1449. [PMID: 37369553 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarise the effect of mind-body exercises on anxiety and depression symptoms in adults with anxiety or depressive disorders. DESIGN Systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression. DATA SOURCES Five electronic databases were searched from inception to July 2022. Manual searches were conducted to explore clinical trial protocols, secondary analyses of clinical trials and related systematic reviews. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Randomised clinical trials evaluating qigong, tai chi or yoga styles with anxiety or depression symptoms as the outcomes were included. No intervention, waitlist or active controls were considered as control groups. The risk of bias and the certainty of the evidence were assessed. Meta-analyses, meta-regressions and sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS 23 studies, comprising 22 different samples (n=1420), were included. Overall, meta-analyses showed yoga interventions were superior to controls in reducing anxiety symptoms in anxiety disorders. Furthermore, yoga-based interventions decreased depression symptoms in depressive disorders after conducting sensitivity analyses. No differences between groups were found in the rest of the comparisons. However, the certainty of the evidence was judged as very low for all outcomes due to concerns of high risk of bias, indirectness of the evidence, inconsistency and imprecision of the results. In addition, there was marked heterogeneity among yoga-based interventions and self-reported tools used to evaluate the outcomes of interest. CONCLUSION Although yoga-based interventions may help to improve mental health in adults diagnosed with anxiety or depressive disorders, methodological improvements are needed to advance the quality of clinical trials in this field. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022347673.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martínez-Calderon
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Uncertainty, Mindfulness, Self, Spirituality (UMSS) Research Group, Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Jesús Casuso-Holgado
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Uncertainty, Mindfulness, Self, Spirituality (UMSS) Research Group, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Maria Jesus Muñoz-Fernandez
- Uncertainty, Mindfulness, Self, Spirituality (UMSS) Research Group, Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Physiotherapy, University School Francisco Maldonado, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cristina Garcia-Muñoz
- Uncertainty, Mindfulness, Self, Spirituality (UMSS) Research Group, Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Alberto Marcos Heredia-Rizo
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Uncertainty, Mindfulness, Self, Spirituality (UMSS) Research Group, Sevilla, Spain
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Trethewey E, Evans S, McIver S, O'Brien J, Lowndes J, Pepin G, O'Shea M. One size may not fit all: A mapping review of yoga-based interventions for the treatment of eating disorders. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2023; 53:101779. [PMID: 37473687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2023.101779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While research investigating the potential benefits of yoga for eating disorders (EDs) has expanded, a systematic approach examining how yoga has been implemented for this cohort has not yet been conducted. This research therefore aimed to synthesize the current understanding of how yoga has been implemented for individuals with EDs, with regards to the feasibility, acceptability, and safety of yoga for this cohort. METHODS This study utilised mapping review technology. The following electronic databases were searched within the month of September 2021 and December 2022: PsycINFO, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Embase. Articles that applied and documented the use of yoga for the EDs were selected. RESULTS The review identified ten unique studies. Details regarding the application, feasibility, acceptability, and safety of these yoga programs were extracted. This resulted in an evidence map or visual summary of how yoga has been applied for the EDs. CONCLUSION While limited, the current literature suggests that yoga is a safe, acceptable, and feasible transdiagnostic intervention for EDs. These findings provide pragmatic support for safely applying yoga for the EDs into clinical practice to support ED recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shane McIver
- School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Australia.
| | - Jennifer O'Brien
- School of Allied Health, Australian Catholic University, Australia.
| | | | - Genevieve Pepin
- School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Australia.
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Baceviciene M, Jankauskiene R, Balciuniene V. Mindfulness, Physical Activity and Sports Participation: Validity Evidence of the Lithuanian Translation of the State Mindfulness Scale for Physical Activity 2 in Physically Active Young Adults. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:820. [PMID: 37887471 PMCID: PMC10604722 DOI: 10.3390/bs13100820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Lithuanian translation of State Mindfulness in Physical Activity (SMS-PA-2) in a sample of physically active students. A total sample of 539 students from universities and colleges (50.3% men; mean age 23.3 ± 7.2 years) were asked to provide demographical data, report physical activity (PA) and PA habits and fill in measures of trait awareness, autonomous motivation in physical activity, trait body appreciation, trait body functionality appreciation and disordered eating attitudes and behaviours and self-esteem via an online anonymous survey. Students also provided information about their participation in organized team sports, organized individual sports, recreational sports and home exercise. Results. The SMS-PA-2 replicated the original four-factor structure, with good internal consistency (except for the Accepting Mind subscale). Invariance analyses across sex groups revealed an acceptable fit of the configural, metric and scalar models. However, in the multi-group analysis, metric invariance and scalar invariance were not confirmed. The SMS-PA-2 was positively associated with leisure-time PA, PA habits, more self-determined motivation for exercise, trait awareness, trait body appreciation, trait body functionality appreciation and self-esteem. A negative association was observed between the SMS-PA-2 and disordered eating attitudes and behaviours. Home exercisers and students engaged in team sports demonstrated lower levels of state mindfulness in PA than those engaged in organized individual and recreational sports. The Lithuanian version of the SMS-PA-2 is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring state mindfulness in PA. This instrument is recommended for researchers who aim to investigate the role of state mindfulness in the PA in Lithuanian-language-speaking samples of young adults. Future studies should explore the Lithuanian version of the SMS-PA-2 by asking participants to fill questionnaires in immediately after the PA session, and measurement invariance between sexes should be further tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Migle Baceviciene
- Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Rasa Jankauskiene
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Vaiva Balciuniene
- Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania;
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O'Brien J, Evans S, McIver S, O'Shea M. A scoping review of integrated yoga and psychological approaches for the treatment of eating disorders. J Eat Disord 2023; 11:152. [PMID: 37684706 PMCID: PMC10492346 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00845-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating disorders are serious mental health conditions that significantly impact the social and economic burden of mental ill health in Australia. Best practice treatment for eating disorders includes a multi-axial approach, including medical, psychiatric, and psychological approaches. More recently, complementary and alternative therapy approaches, such as yoga, are used to support eating disorder recovery. METHODS This scoping review identified and examined current research exploring the use of yoga alongside psychological approaches for the treatment and management of eating disorders across the lifespan. RESULTS Results highlighted the lack of available research, with only four studies identified. Three of these studies piloted programs and identified promising results with a reduction of eating disorder symptomatology. However, these results remain tentative due to methodological limitations and the overall lack of available evidence. In the future, researchers are encouraged to clearly articulate the theoretical concepts that underpin their yoga programs and focus on adequately powered and designed trials, such as RCTs, to accurately compare treatment effects between interventions combining yoga with psychological interventions and standard psychological treatment. Qualitative enquiry is also recommended to provide further insights regarding what makes interventions successful. CONCLUSIONS Current evidence suggests further guidance and pragmatic recommendations to guide researchers and clinicians alike are required, ultimately improving outcomes for people experiencing an eating disorder across the lifespan.
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Ziv A, Barnea-Melamed S, Meisman A, Ofei-Tenkorang NA, O’Donnell J, Altaye M, Nash JK, Mitan L, Gordon CM. Yoga as an intervention to promote bone and mental health in adolescent females with anorexia nervosa: a pilot study. Eat Disord 2023; 31:526-532. [PMID: 37016582 PMCID: PMC10524329 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2023.2196493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
In this randomized pilot study, we examined the effects of yoga intervention on axial and peripheral bone mineral density (BMD), disordered eating cognitions, anxiety, and depression in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa (AN). Fifteen young women aged 13-18 years with AN or atypical AN were randomized to either a Yoga group (n = 7), including twice-weekly yoga for 24 weeks plus standard outpatient care, or Non-Yoga group (n = 8), who received standard outpatient care alone. Data from anthropometrics, mental health and eating behavior questionnaires, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and peripheral quantitative computed tomography measurements were obtained at baseline and 6 months. The adjunct of yoga to standard treatment resulted in statistically significant improvement of axial BMD, depression, and disordered eating cognitions in comparison to the Non-Yoga group. In conclusion, a gentle yoga intervention may be beneficial for improving bone and mental health in adolescent females with AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Ziv
- Day Care Hospitalization, Adolescent Medicine Unit, Schneider Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva, 4920235, Israel
- Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Division of Adolescent and Transition Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Shirel Barnea-Melamed
- Day Care Hospitalization, Adolescent Medicine Unit, Schneider Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva, 4920235, Israel
- Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Andrea Meisman
- Division of Adolescent and Transition Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | | | - Jennifer O’Donnell
- Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Patterson Street, New Brunswick, New Jersey 0901, USA
| | - Mekibib Altaye
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 260 Clifton Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Janet K. Nash
- Division of Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Laurie Mitan
- Division of Adolescent and Transition Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 260 Clifton Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Catherine M. Gordon
- Division of Adolescent and Transition Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Ramírez-Goerke MI, Redondo-Flórez L, Beltrán-Velasco AI, Martín-Rodríguez A, Ramos-Campo DJ, Navarro-Jiménez E, Yáñez-Sepúlveda R, Tornero-Aguilera JF. The Impact of Anorexia Nervosa and the Basis for Non-Pharmacological Interventions. Nutrients 2023; 15:2594. [PMID: 37299557 PMCID: PMC10255390 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa is a psychiatric disorder with an unknown etiology that is characterized by an individual's preoccupation with their weight and body structure while denying the severity of their low body weight. Due to the fact that anorexia nervosa is multifaceted and may indicate the coexistence of genetic, social, hormonal, and psychiatric disorders, a description of non-pharmacological interventions can be used to ameliorate or reduce the symptoms of this condition. Consequently, the purpose of the present narrative review is to describe the profile's context in the anorexic person as well as the support they would require from their family and environment. In addition, it is aimed at examining preventative and non-pharmacological interventions, such as nutritional interventions, physical activity interventions, psychological interventions, psychosocial interventions, and physical therapy interventions. To reach the narrative review aims, a critical review was conducted utilizing both primary sources, such as scientific publications, and secondary sources, such as bibliographic indexes, web pages, and databases. Nutritional interventions include nutritional education and an individualized treatment for each patient, physical activity interventions include allowing patients to perform controlled physical activity, psychological interventions include family therapy and evaluation of the existence of other psychological disorders, psychosocial interventions include management of the relationship between the patient and social media and physical therapy interventions include relaxation massages and exercises to relieve pain. All these non-pharmacological interventions need to be individualized based on each patient's needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (M.I.R.-G.); (J.F.T.-A.)
| | - Maria Isabel Ramírez-Goerke
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (M.I.R.-G.); (J.F.T.-A.)
| | - Laura Redondo-Flórez
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C/Tajo s/n, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ana Isabel Beltrán-Velasco
- Psychology Department, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida y la Naturaleza, Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, 28240 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alexandra Martín-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (M.I.R.-G.); (J.F.T.-A.)
| | - Domingo Jesús Ramos-Campo
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda
- Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile;
| | - José Francisco Tornero-Aguilera
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (M.I.R.-G.); (J.F.T.-A.)
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13
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Lévy-Ndejuru J, Lemieux S, Carbonneau É, Jacob R, Bégin C, Desroches S, Provencher V. Associations between mind-body practice engagement and diet quality: Exploring the mediating roles of eating behaviour traits and regulation styles for eating behaviours in the PREDISE study. Appetite 2023; 184:106495. [PMID: 36809819 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
While engaging in Mind-Body Practices (MBPs) may be related to better diet quality, its association with eating behaviours is unclear. This cross-sectional study explores whether eating behaviour traits and regulation style of eating behaviours mediate the association between MBP engagement and diet quality. A total of 418 women and 482 men, aged between 18 and 65 years and recruited as part of the PREDISE study cohort, reported whether they currently practice one or more MBP (e.g., yoga or meditation). Canadian Healthy Eating Index (C-HEI) was calculated from three 24h dietary recalls. Intuitive Eating Scale (IES-2), and Regulation of Eating Behaviour Scale were completed online. Mann-Whitney tests were conducted to compare C-HEI scores of individuals who currently engage in MBPs (practitioners) to those who do not (non-practitioners). Multiple regression analyses and bootstrapping were performed to test whether eating behaviours and regulation style of eating behaviours mediate the association between MBPs and diet quality. Overall, 88 women and 43 men were practitioners. They had higher C-HEI scores than non-practitioners (62.9 ± 13.0 vs. 55.6 ± 14.3; p = 0.001). Parallel mediation model showed significant indirect effects of the IES-2 subscale relating to Body-Food Choice Congruence (β = 1.57, SE = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.86, 2.43), self-determined motivation (β = 1.51, SE = 0.39, 95% CI:0.81, 2.32) and non-self-determined motivation (β = 0.39, SE = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.85) on the association between practitioner status and C-HEI. These findings suggest that the current practice of MBPs is associated with better diet quality, mainly through practitioners' higher intuitive eating skills and more self-determined regulation of eating behaviours. Further studies should investigate the potential impacts of MBPs on the development and maintenance of positive eating habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lévy-Ndejuru
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), INAF, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Simone Lemieux
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), INAF, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Élise Carbonneau
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), INAF, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Raphaëlle Jacob
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), INAF, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada; Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 4G5, Canada.
| | - Catherine Bégin
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada; School of Psychology, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Sophie Desroches
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), INAF, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Véronique Provencher
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), INAF, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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14
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Zakers A, Cimolai V. Complementary and Integrative Medicine and Eating Disorders in Youth: Traditional Yoga, Virtual Reality, Light Therapy, Neurofeedback, Acupuncture, Energy Psychology Techniques, Art Therapies, and Spirituality. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2023; 32:421-450. [PMID: 37147045 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Eating disorders (EDs) are a non-heterogeneous group of illnesses with significant physical and mental comorbidity and mortality associated with maladaptive coping. With the exception of lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse) for binge eating disorder, no medications have been effective for the core symptoms of ED. ED requires a multimodal approach. Complementary and integrative medicine (CIM) can be helpful as an adjunct. The most promising CIM interventions are traditional yoga, virtual reality, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, Music Therapy, and biofeedback/neurofeedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleema Zakers
- MPH Georgia Institute of Technology, Moorhouse School of Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, 750 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Valentina Cimolai
- Private Practice, Bloom Psychiatry and Wellness and Mindful Healing Group, 1245 Court Street, Clearwater, FL 33756, USA
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15
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Halappa NG. Integration of yoga within exercise and sports science as a preventive and management strategy for musculoskeletal injuries/disorders and mental disorders - A review of the literature. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2023; 34:34-40. [PMID: 37301554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exercise-induced musculoskeletal injuries/disorders and associated mental disorders are prevalent among athletes. The main objective of this review is to analyze the prospects of Yoga practices as a preventive and management strategy for musculoskeletal injuries/disorders and associated mental disorders often encountered in exercise and sports activities. METHODS A review of the literature was performed using electronic databases such as MEDLINE/PubMed and google scholar published between January 1991 and December 2021 which yielded 88 research articles. The keywords used were yoga OR exercise AND musculoskeletal injuries OR disorders, yoga OR exercise AND mental disorders, yoga AND sports injuries, yoga AND stress, yoga OR exercise AND oxidative stress, yoga OR exercise AND inflammation, yoga OR exercise AND diet. RESULTS The moderate and regular exercises are beneficial to health. However, high intensity and overtraining physical activities lead to immune suppression, oxidative stress, muscle damage/fatigue, coronary risk, psychiatric disorders and so on due to enormous strain on various physiological functions. Yoga seems to undermine these adverse activities through up-regulating the functions of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) and down-regulating the activities of hypothalamohypophysial axis (HPA) which are conducive to healing, recovery, regeneration, reduction in stress, relaxation of mind, better cognitive functions, promotion of mental health, reduction in inflammation and oxidative stress, and so on. CONCLUSION Literature suggests that Yoga should be integrated within exercise and sports sciences mainly to prevent & manage musculoskeletal injuries/disorders and associated mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen G Halappa
- School of Public Health & School of Buddhist Studies, Philosophy and Comparative Religions, Nalanda University, Bihar, India.
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16
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Hahn SL, Kramer-Kostecka EN, Hazzard VM, Barr-Anderson DJ, Larson N, Neumark-Sztainer D. Weight-related Self-monitoring App Use Among Emerging Adults is Cross-sectionally Associated With Amount and Type of Physical Activity and Screen Time. INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2023; 60:469580231212086. [PMID: 37970791 PMCID: PMC10655642 DOI: 10.1177/00469580231212086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Weight-related self-monitoring (WRSM) apps are often used by emerging adults to assist in behavior change. However, little is known about the relationship between WRSM among the general population of emerging adults and various physical activity and screen time behaviors. This paper examines associations between WRSM app use and various forms of physical activity and screen time among a population-based sample of emerging adults. Data come from EAT 2018 (N = 1,568, mean age = 22.0 ± 2.0 years), a population-based sample of emerging adults from Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota. Participants reported on the types of WRSM apps used (physical activity and/or dietary focused), in addition to how much time they spent doing physical activity, whether they practiced yoga, compulsive exercise, recreational screen time, social media use, and whether they viewed dieting/weight loss materials. Linear and logistic regressions were used to assess adjusted means and prevalences of outcomes. We found that physical activity-focused WRSM app users engaged in more hours of total (8.7 vs 7.2, P < .001), and moderate-to-vigorous (5.1 vs 4.3, P = .002) physical activity compared to non-users. Similar results were found for dietary WRSM app users compared to non-users. However, WRSM app users had higher levels of compulsive exercise and were more likely to view dieting/weight loss materials (Ps < .001). Findings suggest that although physical activity is higher among WRSM users, the types of physical activity and screen time behaviors WRSM users are engaging in may be harmful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Hahn
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
- University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Vivienne M. Hazzard
- University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Nicole Larson
- University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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17
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Muehlenkamp JJ, Wagner EM. Yoga and nonsuicidal self-injury: Mediational effects of self-compassion and body appreciation. Body Image 2022; 43:17-24. [PMID: 35994996 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a prevalent maladaptive body-focused behavior among youth and young adults. Yoga is associated with improved mindfulness, body image, and self-compassion; all of which are associated with decreased NSSI. This study evaluated the relationship between yoga and NSSI frequency, and if the relationship would be mediated by mindfulness, self-compassion, and/or body appreciation. Participants were recruited from a random sample of university students via email and included those with some yoga experience (N = 384; Mage = 19.98, SD = 2.20). Participants completed an anonymous online survey assessing their levels of yoga participation, NSSI, mindfulness, self-compassion, and body appreciation. Bias corrected serial mediation regression models indicated the relationship between yoga participation and NSSI frequency was significantly mediated by self-compassion followed by body appreciation. Body appreciation was also a significant single mediator of yoga's relationship with NSSI. Mindfulness was not a significant mediator in any of the analyzes. Yoga practice is associated with reduced NSSI behaviors through its positive relationships with body appreciation and self-compassion. Body appreciation appears to be an important mechanism underlying the link between yoga participation and NSSI behavior suggesting that interventions promoting positive body image, such as yoga, could be innovative strategies for clinicians to consider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Muehlenkamp
- University of Wisconsin Eau Claire, Department of Psychology, 105 Garfield Ave, Eau Claire, WI 54701, the United States of America.
| | - Emily M Wagner
- University of Wisconsin Eau Claire, Department of Psychology, 105 Garfield Ave, Eau Claire, WI 54701, the United States of America
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18
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Efficacy of Eat Breathe Thrive: A randomized controlled trial of a yoga-based program. Body Image 2022; 42:427-439. [PMID: 35985168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Evidence positions yoga as a promising intervention for enhancing positive embodiment and supporting the prevention of, and recovery from, eating disorders (EDs) by reducing ED symptomatology and building skills that facilitate an ongoing, embodied sense of wellbeing. However, yoga-based programs are few and rigorous literature on their efficacy is limited. This study examined the efficacy and feasibility of a yoga-based program called Eat Breathe Thrive (EBT) which aims to prevent EDs and support embodiment. Participants (N = 168, 93.5 % women) from a community sample in the United States and United Kingdom, ages 18-65, were randomly allocated to a 2-h, 7-week EBT program or waitlist-control condition. Compared to controls, EBT participants experienced significant decreases in ED behaviors, depression, and difficulties regulating emotions. They reported significantly greater use of mindfulness skills, such as interoceptive awareness, mindful self-care, and mindful eating. After a single session, participants reported immediate improvement in their sense of well-being, indicating increased state positive embodiment. Most effects were sustained at 6-month follow-up. The majority of individuals attended most sessions. Self-reported treatment integrity was excellent. Directions for future research are proposed. Results support the efficacy and feasibility of an integrated yoga intervention that fosters positive ways of inhabiting the body.
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19
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Kramer-Kostecka EN, Fulkerson JA, Sherwood NE, Barr-Anderson DJ, Larson N, Neumark-Sztainer D. What Brings Young Adults to the Yoga Mat? Cross-Sectional Associations Between Motivational Profiles and Physical and Psychological Health Among Participants in the Project EAT-IV Survey. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 2022; 28:664-673. [PMID: 35527690 PMCID: PMC9419988 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2021.0445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: This study examines motivations for yoga and identifies unique motivational profiles among a sample of young adult yoga practitioners. This study further determines how young adult yoga practitioners' motivational profiles associate with physical health behaviors and psychological factors. Subjects/Setting: Survey data were drawn from the fourth wave of a large, population-based study (Project EAT-IV; Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults). Design: Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify motivational profiles among Project EAT-IV participants practicing yoga (n = 297; mean age: 30.8-1.7 years; 79.7 % female). Cross-sectional associations between latent motivational profiles, physical health behaviors, and psychological factors were determined with unadjusted and adjusted (gender, race/ethnicity, and body mass index) general linear models. Results: Across motivational profiles, most young adult yoga practitioners were motivated by enhanced fitness and stress reduction/relaxation. Additional motivations for yoga clustered by appearance (desire to change body appearance or weight) or mindfulness (desire to increase present moment awareness) underpinnings. The LCA characterized motivational profiles as "Low Appearance, Low Mindfulness" (Class 1; n = 77), "Low Appearance, High Mindfulness" (Class 2; n = 48), "High Appearance, Low Mindfulness" (Class 3; n = 79), and "High Appearance, High Mindfulness" (Class 4; n = 93). Having a profile with high mindfulness and low appearance motivations (Class 2) was associated with higher body satisfaction in comparison to the other classes (p < 0.001). Relative to Class 2, those with low mindfulness motivations (Class 1; Class 3) reported less total physical activity (p = 0.002) and those with high appearance motivations (Class 3; Class 4) reported higher compulsive exercise scores (p = 0.002). Conclusions: In this sample, high mindfulness and low appearance motivations for yoga appeared optimal for physical and psychological health. Cross-sectional findings suggest that young adult yoga practitioners' mind-body health may be supported by motivational underpinnings that emphasize yoga's internal (mindfulness) rather than external (appearance) benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eydie N. Kramer-Kostecka
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Nancy E. Sherwood
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Nicole Larson
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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20
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Frederick DA, Gordon AR, Cook-Cottone CP, Brady JP, Reynolds TA, Alley J, Garcia JR, Brown TA, Compte EJ, Convertino L, Crerand CE, Malcarne VL, Nagata JM, Parent MC, Pennesi JL, Perez M, Pila E, Rodgers RF, Schaefer LM, Thompson JK, Tylka TL, Murray SB. Demographic and sociocultural predictors of sexuality-related body image and sexual frequency: The U.S. Body Project I. Body Image 2022; 41:109-127. [PMID: 35247866 PMCID: PMC9729002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Body image is a critical component of an individual's sexual experiences. This makes it critical to identify demographic and sociocultural correlates of sexuality-related body image: the subjective feelings, cognitions, and evaluations related to one's body in the context of sexual experience. We examined how sexuality-related body image differed by gender, sexual orientation, race, age, and BMI. Four items assessing sexuality-related body image were completed by 11,620 U.S. adults: self-perceived sex appeal of their body, nude appearance satisfaction, and the extent to which they believed that body image positively or negatively affected their sexual enjoyment and feelings of sexual acceptability as a partner. Men reported slightly less nude appearance dissatisfaction and fewer negative effects of body image on sexual enjoyment and sexual acceptability than women, but did not differ in reported sex appeal. Poorer sexuality-related body image was reported by people with higher BMIs, not in relationships, who had sex less frequently, among White compared to Black women and men, and among gay compared to heterosexual men. Data also revealed a subgroup of respondents who reported that their body image had a positive impact on their sex lives. The findings highlight a need for interventions addressing sexuality-related body image.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Frederick
- Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA,Corresponding author. (D.A. Frederick)
| | - Allegra R. Gordon
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine P. Cook-Cottone
- Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - John P. Brady
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tania A. Reynolds
- Psychology Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA,The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Jenna Alley
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Justin R. Garcia
- The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA,Department of Gender Studies, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Tiffany A. Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Emilio J. Compte
- School of Psychology, Adolfo Ibáñez University, Santiago, Chile,Research Department, Comenzar de Nuevo Treatment Center, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Lexie Convertino
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Canice E. Crerand
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Jason M. Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael C. Parent
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jamie-Lee Pennesi
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Marisol Perez
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Eva Pila
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel F. Rodgers
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatric Emergency & Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Tracy L. Tylka
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stuart B. Murray
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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21
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Frederick DA, Crerand CE, Brown TA, Perez M, Best CR, Cook-Cottone CP, Compte EJ, Convertino L, Gordon AR, Malcarne VL, Nagata JM, Parent MC, Pennesi JL, Pila E, Rodgers RF, Schaefer LM, Thompson JK, Tylka TL, Murray SB. Demographic predictors of body image satisfaction: The U.S. Body Project I. Body Image 2022; 41:17-31. [PMID: 35220024 PMCID: PMC9744633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We examined how gender, body mass, race, age, and sexual orientation were linked to appearance evaluation, overweight preoccupation, and body image-related quality of life among 11,620 adults recruited via Mechanical Turk. Men were less likely than women to report low appearance evaluation, high overweight preoccupation, negative effects of body image on their quality of life, being on a weight-loss diet, and trying to lose weight with crash diets/fasting. Racial differences were generally small, but greater appearance evaluation was reported by Black men versus other groups and Black women versus White women. Across all measures, gay and bisexual men reported poorer body image than heterosexual men, with only small effect sizes observed for sexual orientation differences among women. Body mass, but not age, was strongly associated with body image. The prevalence of poor body image highlights the need for interventions. On the positive side, half of men and women reported high appearance evaluation. Examination of this group could identify factors promoting positive body image.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Frederick
- Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA,Corresponding author. (D.A. Frederick)
| | - Canice E. Crerand
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA,Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Tiffany A. Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Marisol Perez
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Cassidy R. Best
- Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Catherine P. Cook-Cottone
- Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Emilio J. Compte
- School of Psychology, Adolfo Ibáñez University, Santiago, Chile,Research Department, Comenzar de Nuevo Treatment Center, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Lexie Convertino
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Allegra R. Gordon
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jason M. Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael C. Parent
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jamie-Lee Pennesi
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eva Pila
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel F. Rodgers
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Tracy L. Tylka
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stuart B. Murray
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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22
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Wyssen A, Munsch S. [Physical Activity in the Prevention and Treatment of Eating Disorders]. PRAXIS 2022; 111:327-332. [PMID: 35473329 DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a003840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Physical Activity in the Prevention and Treatment of Eating Disorders Abstract. On the one hand, excessive or insufficient physical activity is a phenomenological feature and an important etiological factor in eating disorders. On the other hand, healthy and adaptive physical activity has the potential to support the effectiveness of preventive and therapeutic interventions for eating disorders. Research findings confirm the usefulness of interventions focusing on physical activity as an add-on to psychotherapy. Professionally planned and accompanied interventions of this kind are not counterproductive or dangerous but can have a positive effect on the treatment outcome. The current state of research allows a preliminary formulation of guidelines to embed physical activity interventions into evidence-based treatment approaches. The focus of such interventions lies on the reduction of unhealthy, excessive physical activity and the promotion of flexible physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Wyssen
- Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Bern, Bern, Schweiz
| | - Simone Munsch
- Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Departement für Psychologie, Universität Fribourg, Fribourg, Schweiz
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23
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Spatial-Temporal Graph Convolutional Framework for Yoga Action Recognition and Grading. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:7500525. [PMID: 35392034 PMCID: PMC8983205 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7500525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of the Internet has changed our lives. Many people gradually like online video yoga teaching. However, yoga beginners cannot master the standard yoga poses just by learning through videos, and high yoga poses can bring great damage or even disability to the body if they are not standard. To address this problem, we propose a yoga action recognition and grading system based on spatial-temporal graph convolutional neural network. Firstly, we capture yoga movement data using a depth camera. Then we label the yoga exercise videos frame by frame using long short-term memory network; then we extract the skeletal joint point features sequentially using graph convolution; then we arrange each video frame from spatial-temporal dimension and correlate the joint points in each frame and neighboring frames with spatial-temporal information to obtain the connection between joints. Finally, the identified yoga movements are predicted and graded. Experiment proves that our method can accurately identify and classify yoga poses; it also can identify whether yoga poses are standard or not and give feedback to yogis in time to prevent body damage caused by nonstandard poses.
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24
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O'Shea M, Capon H, Evans S, Agrawal J, Melvin G, O'Brien J, McIver S. Integration of hatha yoga and evidence-based psychological treatments for common mental disorders: An evidence map. J Clin Psychol 2022; 78:1671-1711. [PMID: 35315071 PMCID: PMC9546402 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interest in the use of yoga to enhance engagement with and augment the benefits of psychological treatment has grown. However, a systematic approach to reviewing existing research examining the use of yoga with psychological treatment is lacking. MATERIALS AND METHODS This mapping review identified and synthesised research trialling yoga as an integrated or adjunct therapy with evidence-based psychological interventions for the treatment of anxiety, depression, PTSD, and eating disorders. RESULTS Overall, the review identified ten published and three unpublished studies, representing either single group or small quasi-experimental research designs. DISCUSSION Limited but promising findings were shown for yoga with CBT for anxiety and depression, and the integration of yoga within intensive treatment models for PTSD. CONCLUSIONS Future research is encouraged to focus on controlled trials that enable examination of the component effect of yoga when applied with evidence-based psychological treatment and acceptability and feasibility data to further knowledge regarding a role for yoga in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa O'Shea
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Hannah Capon
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Subhadra Evans
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jyotsna Agrawal
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Glenn Melvin
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jennifer O'Brien
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Shane McIver
- Faculty of Health, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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25
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Appolinario JC, Deslandes A. Physical exercise and eating disorders: together or apart? JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/0047-2085000000394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Toutain M, Gauthier A, Leconte P. Exercise therapy in the treatment of anorexia nervosa: Its effects depending on the type of physical exercise-A systematic review. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:939856. [PMID: 36339831 PMCID: PMC9627498 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.939856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Clinical research focusing on the effectiveness of exercise therapy (ET) in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) shows increasing interest in the last decade. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an overview of quantitative studies that have examined the impact of ET in AN patients and to examine its specific effects on physical and mental health according to the type of physical exercise (PE) practiced. METHODS The review was carried out based on the PRISMA 2020. Electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Wiley were searched from inception to December 2021. Quantitative studies assessing the effects of ET interventions on AN patients were included and study quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. RESULTS A total of 27 studies were selected, including 13 randomized controlled trials. Regarding outcomes measured, results showed that aerobic and resistance exercise improved muscle strength, that mind-body PE decreased main symptoms of AN and mental health, and that combined PE reduced dysfunctional exercise and improved weight gain. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that ET intervention can induce benefits and has no deleterious effects on patients. In addition, specific effects on anorexia symptoms and physical and mental health have been observed according to the type of PE. However, this review reported several methodological weaknesses, including a lack of control group or randomization and statistical misconduct. Finally, ET intervention parameters were heterogeneous, and ET intervention generally lacked details, making reproducibility and comparability difficult. All these limitations underscore the need for a more rigorous methodology for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Toutain
- UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, GIP CYCERON, Normandie University, Caen, France
| | - Antoine Gauthier
- UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, GIP CYCERON, Normandie University, Caen, France
| | - Pascale Leconte
- UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, GIP CYCERON, Normandie University, Caen, France
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27
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Braun TD, Riley KE, Kunicki ZJ, Finkelstein-Fox L, Conboy LA, Park CL, Schifano E, Abrantes AM, Lazar SW. Internalized weight stigma and intuitive eating among stressed adults during a mindful yoga intervention: associations with changes in mindfulness and self-compassion. Health Psychol Behav Med 2021; 9:933-950. [PMID: 34868736 PMCID: PMC8635578 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2021.1992282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Internalized weight stigma (IWS) is common in the United States of America across body weight categories, and is implicated in the development of distress and unhealthy eating behaviors (e.g. overeating, disordered eating) that can foster poor cardiometabolic health. While emerging intervention research shows early promise in reducing IWS, long-term efficacy is unclear and novel strategies remain needed. This analysis examined whether participation in a mindful yoga intervention was associated with reduced IWS and increased intuitive eating, an adaptive eating behavior, and whether these changes correlated with each other or with changes in mindfulness and self-compassion. Methods Participants were stressed adults with low fruit and vegetable intake (N = 78, 64.1% White, M. Body Mass Index 25.59 ± 4.45) enrolled in a parent clinical trial of a 12-week mindful yoga intervention. Validated self-report measures of IWS, intuitive eating, mindfulness, and self-compassion were administered at pre-treatment, mid-treatment (8 weeks), post-treatment (12 weeks), and 4-month follow-up (24 weeks). Results Linear mixed modeling revealed significant improvements in IWS and intuitive eating across the four timepoints (p < .001). Reduced IWS correlated with increased intuitive eating pre- to post-treatment (p = .01). Improved self-compassion and mindfulness correlated with intuitive eating (both p = . 04), but not IWS (p = .74 and p = .56, respectively). Conclusion This study offers preliminary support for the hypothesis that mindful yoga may promote intuitive eating and reduce IWS among stressed adults with poor diet, and suggests that changes in these factors may co-occur over time. Further investigation with controlled designs is necessary to better understand the temporality and causality of these relationships.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02098018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosca D Braun
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Kristen E Riley
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Zachary J Kunicki
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lucy Finkelstein-Fox
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Lisa A Conboy
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Crystal L Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, USA
| | | | - Ana M Abrantes
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sara W Lazar
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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28
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Practice or performance? A content analysis of yoga-related videos on Instagram. Body Image 2021; 39:175-183. [PMID: 34487998 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Representations of yoga within media have become increasingly idealised, depicting typical practitioners as young, thin, and physically competent. While previous content analyses of yoga have focused on still images, social media platforms such as Instagram encourage the use of video to enhance viewer engagement. Video may contain features which reflect a more nuanced view of the body, and therefore the current study analysed 400 women in yoga-related videos on Instagram for appearance characteristics, body conceptualisation, yoga pose type, risk, and perceived intention. The vast majority of women were perceived to be in their 20s and thin or athletic. Only 13.2 % of women showed average visible levels of body fat, while more than a third displayed visible muscularity across multiple muscle groups. There was little presence of objectification with the majority of women in active poses, though more than 60 % of poses/sequences were advanced and potentially risky. The vast majority of videos appeared to be for the purpose of demonstrating skill rather than instructing the viewer. The findings show that videos on Instagram perpetuate unrealistic appearance ideals in yoga and also provide a platform for content creators to engage viewers by representing yoga as a highly performative, predominantly advanced physical activity.
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29
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Yoga as an Integrative Therapy for Mental Health Concerns: An Overview of Current Research Evidence. PSYCHIATRY INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/psychiatryint2040030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Because the prevalence of mental health concerns is high and access or full responsiveness to pharmacological or psychotherapeutic treatment for many individuals is low, there has been increased interest in yoga as a potential therapy for many mental health concerns. Approach: We synthesize and critique current research on the efficacy of yoga relative to pharmacological approaches for anxiety disorders, mood disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and eating disorders. Results: Yoga has been tested mostly as a complementary treatment to standard psychiatric and psychotherapeutic approaches. Findings from efficacy trials largely support the notion that yoga can help reduce symptoms of many psychiatric conditions, including anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms, above and beyond the effects achieved by standard pharmacological treatments alone; however, most evidence is of poor to moderate quality. Plausible transdiagnostic bottom-up and top-down mechanisms of yoga’s therapeutic effects have been advanced but remain untested. Conclusions: While results should be considered preliminary until more rigorous evidence is available, yoga appears to have the potential to provide many people suffering with psychiatric symptoms additional relief at relatively little cost. Yoga may be a viable complementary therapy to psychiatric and psychotherapeutic approaches for people with mental health challenges.
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30
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Levine MP. Prevention of eating disorders: 2020 in review. Eat Disord 2021; 29:1-17. [PMID: 34185629 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2021.1909794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fifteen prevention-related publications in Eating Disorders during 2020 are reviewed. Two models frame this analysis: (1) the Mental Health Intervention Spectrum: health promotion → types of prevention → case identification and referral → treatment; and (2) parsing phases of prevention into a cycle: rationale, theory, and methodology, shaped by critical, integrative reviews → clarification of risk and protective factors → program innovation and feasibility studies → efficacy and effectiveness research → program dissemination. In this cycle the first two phases and the last phase inform advocacy for social policies supporting prevention. Ten articles comprising a special issue on yoga demonstrate the value of investing in translational prevention science that acknowledges (a) embodying experiences as a broad category of protective factors; (b) the utility of multidimensional theoretical models; and (c) social justice issues that advocacy efforts must address to make programs widely and equitably available. Other articles reviewed show, for example, that studies of emotion dysregulation and emotional eating are needed to enter a prevention cycle that moves us beyond body image (or weight/shape) concerns in defining high-risk groups and developing indicated prevention. Finally, implications of the absence of efficacy, effectiveness, dissemination, and advocacy studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Levine
- Department of Psychology (Emeritus), Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio, USA
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31
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Nagata JM, Murray SB. Updates in the treatment of eating disorders in 2020: a year in review in eating disorders: the journal of treatment & prevention. Eat Disord 2021; 29:1-11. [PMID: 34057885 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2021.1909795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Several important studies advancing treatment of eating disorders were published in Eating Disorders: The Journal of Treatment & Prevention in 2020. This review summarizes the recent contributions to the literature on the treatment of eating disorders, including dialectical behavior therapy, yoga for positive embodiment, and treatment innovations in children and adolescents with eating disorders. Dialectical behavior therapy can be effectively used in complex eating disorder presentations, such as with comorbid substance use disorder and with suicidal behavior, and can be adapted for culturally-responsive treatments for binge eating and for guided self-help. Yoga may promote positive embodiment, which is supported by conceptual frameworks, studies evaluating yoga treatment interventions, and systematic reviews. Advances in eating disorder treatment for children and youth include the development of the Emotional Eating Scale adapted for children and adolescents, a review of primary care interventions for eating disorder treatment, and siblings' perspectives on eating disorder treatment. Research on novel methods including telementoring and innovative treatment modalities invoking feminism are promising areas of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Stuart B Murray
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
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32
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Schindke C, Gisch UA, Gumz A. [How Should Yoga in Anorexia Nervosa Treatment be Applied? A Qualitative Pilot Study on Yoga Strategies Perceived to be Beneficial from Patients' Perspective]. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2021; 71:446-455. [PMID: 33915583 DOI: 10.1055/a-1390-4450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An altered interoception is a central correlate of anorexia nervosa (AN) and addressing this issue offers a promising approach in the treatment of AN. First results have shown the effectiveness of yoga as a body-focused intervention in the treatment of AN. However, to date there is a lack of empirical evidence regarding the question how yoga strategies and yoga elements (postures, relaxation, breath, meditation) should be applied. Against this background, we conducted a qualitative pilot study with n=6 female patients with AN undergoing treatment in a specialist unit supporting re-insertion subsequent to a preceding inpatient AN treatment. Study participants received a weekly one-hour hatha-yoga intervention over at least 12 weeks. After the yoga intervention, semi-structured interviews (1/2 to 1 hour) were conducted to assess the experiences of the study participants during the yoga intervention. The data were analyzed using Grounded Theory. At the upper level of analysis, four categories were differentiated: information regarding 1) study participants' symptoms, 2) aspects of the setting experienced to be beneficial, 3) yoga strategies perceived to be beneficial and 4) perceived consequences of yoga strategies. With regard to the yoga strategies perceived to be beneficial, analyses revealed 4 subcategories: features of 1) postures and movements, 2) breath and meditation exercises, 3) relaxation exercises and 4) general information about the setting. The results give first indications regarding the conceptualization of yoga in the treatment of AN and potential mechanisms. Further qualitative and quantitative studies are needed, e.g., with regard to effectiveness, contraindications, mediators or moderators to better evaluate the potential of yoga in the treatment of AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Schindke
- Professur für Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Psychologische Hochschule Berlin, Deutschland.,Therapeutische Wohngemeinschaft Mondlicht, Neues Wohnen im Kiez GmbH, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Ulrike A Gisch
- Professur für Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Psychologische Hochschule Berlin, Deutschland.,Abteilung für Beratungspsychologie, Universität Potsdam, Deutschland
| | - Antje Gumz
- Professur für Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Psychologische Hochschule Berlin, Deutschland.,Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Deutschland
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33
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Cook-Cottone C, Cox AE, Neumark-Sztainer D, Tylka TL. Future directions for research on yoga and positive embodiment. Eat Disord 2020; 28:542-547. [PMID: 32964816 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2020.1763113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This article provides the concluding thoughts on the special issue, Yoga for Positive Embodiment in Eating Disorder Prevention and Treatment, which illustrate the progress being made on the relationship between yoga practice and the different indicators of positive embodiment that is relevant for the prevention and treatment of eating disorders. Based on the current body or work, we offer recommendations for the next steps for researchers for population-based, qualitative, and prevention and intervention research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Cook-Cottone
- School, and Educational Ps, University at Buffalo, State University of New York , Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Anne Elizabeth Cox
- Department of Kinesiology and Educational Psychology, Washington State University , Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tracy L Tylka
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH, USA
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34
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Neumark-Sztainer D, Cook-Cottone C, Tylka TL, Cox AE. Introduction to the special issue on yoga and positive embodiment: a note from the editors on how we got here. Eat Disord 2020; 28:309-314. [PMID: 32964815 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2020.1749977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Studying the practice of yoga and its relationship to body image, embodiment, and eating disorders brings together the professional and personal aspects of our lives as yoga practitioners, researchers, and women living in bodies within a society that can be tough on body appreciation. Developing this edition on "Yoga for positive embodiment in eating disorder prevention and treatment" has been a work of love for all of us. As yoga practitioners, we have personally experienced the benefits of yoga in our own bodies and felt that there may be benefits for others. As researchers, we are dedicated to the exploration and utilization of evidence-based practices to enhance well-being, promote a positive body image and sense of embodiment, and both prevent and treat eating disorders. Our experiences as yoga practitioners, in conjunction with our curiosity as researchers, led us to explore the extant evidence for yoga as a tool for leading to improvements in body image, disordered eating behaviors, and eating disorders, and to embark on our own research in this area to fill necessary gaps in our knowledge base. Our long-term dedication to the fields of body image and eating disorders, in conjunction with our emerging interest in yoga as a potential tool, led us to the compilation of this edition on yoga and positive embodiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Catherine Cook-Cottone
- Counseling, School, and Educational Ps, 424 Baldy Hall, University at Buffalo, State University of New York , Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Tracy L Tylka
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anne Elizabeth Cox
- Department of Kinesiology and Educational Psychology, Washington State University , Pullman, WA, USA
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