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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, (Ron) Hoogenboom L, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Wallace H, Benford D, Fürst P, Hart A, Rose M, Schroeder H, Vrijheid M, Ioannidou S, Nikolič M, Bordajandi LR, Vleminckx C. Update of the risk assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8497. [PMID: 38269035 PMCID: PMC10807361 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2011 risk assessment on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food, focusing on 10 congeners: BDE-28, -47, -49, -99, -100, -138, -153, -154, -183 and ‑209. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the neurodevelopmental effects on behaviour and reproductive/developmental effects are the critical effects in rodent studies. For four congeners (BDE-47, -99, -153, -209) the Panel derived Reference Points, i.e. benchmark doses and corresponding lower 95% confidence limits (BMDLs), for endpoint-specific benchmark responses. Since repeated exposure to PBDEs results in accumulation of these chemicals in the body, the Panel estimated the body burden at the BMDL in rodents, and the chronic intake that would lead to the same body burden in humans. For the remaining six congeners no studies were available to identify Reference Points. The Panel concluded that there is scientific basis for inclusion of all 10 congeners in a common assessment group and performed a combined risk assessment. The Panel concluded that the combined margin of exposure (MOET) approach was the most appropriate risk metric and applied a tiered approach to the risk characterisation. Over 84,000 analytical results for the 10 congeners in food were used to estimate the exposure across dietary surveys and age groups of the European population. The most important contributors to the chronic dietary Lower Bound exposure to PBDEs were meat and meat products and fish and seafood. Taking into account the uncertainties affecting the assessment, the Panel concluded that it is likely that current dietary exposure to PBDEs in the European population raises a health concern.
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Sarkar D, Midha P, Shanti SS, Singh SK. A comprehensive review on the decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209)-induced male reproductive toxicity: Evidences from rodent studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:165938. [PMID: 37541514 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a class of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), are employed in various manufactured products to prevent fires, slow down their spread and reduce the resulting damages. Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209), an example of PBDEs, accounts for approximately 82 % of the total production of PBDEs. BDE-209 is a thyroid hormone (TH)-disrupting chemical owing to its structural similarity with TH. Currently, increase in the level of BDE-209 in biological samples has become a major issue because of its widespread use. BDE-209 causes male reproductive toxicity mainly via impairment of steroidogenesis, generation of oxidative stress (OS) and interference with germ cell dynamics. Further, exposure to this chemical can affect metabolic status, sperm concentration, epigenetic regulation of various developmental genes and integrity of blood-testis barrier in murine testis. However, the possible adverse effects of BDE-209 and its mechanism of action on the male reproductive health have not yet been critically evaluated. Hence, the present review article, with the help of available literature, aims to elucidate the reproductive toxicity of BDE-209 in relation to thyroid dysfunction in rodents. Further, several crucial pathways have been also highlighted in order to strengthen our knowledge on BDE-209-induced male reproductive toxicity. Data were extracted from scientific articles available in PubMed, Web of Science, and other databases. A thorough understanding of the risk assessment of BDE-209 exposure and mechanisms of its action is crucial for greater awareness of the potential threat of this BFR to preserve male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarshi Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, VPO-Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Parul Midha
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, VPO-Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Shashanka Sekhar Shanti
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, VPO-Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Shio Kumar Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Ding Y, Chen Y, Feng W, Huang G, Dong M, Zhao T, Chen N, Yang L, Mao G, Wu X. Persistent immune injury induced by short-term decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) exposure to female middle-aged Balb/c mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:111325-111343. [PMID: 37814044 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30148-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209), widely used in various industries for its excellent flame-retardant performance, could be enriched in humans and is closely associated with immune impairment. In addition, immune system is gradually declined and becoming more sensitive to environmental pollutants in the ageing process. Therefore, the immunotoxicity of BDE-209 (4, 40, and 400 mg/kg/day) to middle-aged mice and its recovery and susceptibility was first to be comprehensively investigated in this study. The results showed that BDE-209 exposure could lead to oxidative injury to immune organs (spleen, thymus, and liver), impair humoral (immunoglobulins), cellular (lymphopoiesis), and non-specific immunity, and disturb the expressions of the genes related to Th1/Th2 balance (T helper cells) in the middle-aged mice. In addition, Integrated Biomarker Response (IBR) indicated that BDE-209-induced immune impairment was challenging to self-regulated, and even exacerbated after 21 days of recovery and oxidative injury in immune organs could be the main reason. Furthermore, factorial analysis showed that middle-aged mice exposed to BDE-209 suffered from greater immune impairment than adult mice, and the immune impairment in aged mice is more difficult to be self-repaired than that in adult mice. It can be seen that the aged tend to suffer from BDE-209-induced persistent immune impairment and health threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Ding
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- The Laboratory Animal Research Center of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiwei Feng
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guijuan Huang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingyue Dong
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Na Chen
- Zhenjiang Food and Drug Supervision and Inspection Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanghua Mao
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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He H, Ding T, Zhang T, Geng W, Xu J, Wei Y, Zhai J. BDE-209 disturbed proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonia during mitotic process through estrogen receptor α. Reprod Biol 2023; 23:100737. [PMID: 36821943 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2023.100737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Deca-bromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) exposure caused spermatogenesis disorder resulting in poor sperm quality has become a public concern in recent years. Spermatogenesis refers to the process by which the division of spermatogonia stem cells (SSCs) produces haploid spermatozoa, including mitosis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis. However, the mechanism of mitosis including proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonia dysfunction induced by BDE-209 remains largely unclear. Here, our data showed that BDE-209 exposure caused a decline in sperm quality with seminiferous tubule structure disorder in rats. In addition, BDE-209 exposure damage spermatogonia proliferation and differentiation with decreasing level of PLZF and cKit in testis. Moreover, rats exposed to BDE-209 decreased the expression of ERα, whereas an elevated expression of Wnt3a and Wnt5a. Mechanistically, supplementation with propipyrazole triol (PPT, a selective ERα pathway agonist) rescued sperm quality and attenuated impairment of proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonia in BDE-209-induced rats. Therefore, ERα plays a crucial role in the proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonia during mitotic process. In conclusion, our study clarified the role of ERα in BDE-209-induced spermatogonia proliferation and differentiation in rats and provides a potential therapeutic application on poor sperm quality caused by BDE-209 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Rd 81, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Tao Ding
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Rd 81, Hefei 230032, China; Guangming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518106, China
| | - Taifa Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Rd 81, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wenfeng Geng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Rd 81, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jixiang Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Rd 81, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yu Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Rd 81, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jinxia Zhai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Rd 81, Hefei 230032, China.
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An Analysis of the Structural Relationship between Thyroid Hormone-Signaling Disruption and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers: Potential Implications for Male Infertility. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043296. [PMID: 36834711 PMCID: PMC9964322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a common class of anthropogenic organobromine chemicals with fire-retardant properties and are extensively used in consumer products, such as electrical and electronic equipment, furniture, textiles, and foams. Due to their extensive use, PBDEs have wide eco-chemical dissemination and tend to bioaccumulate in wildlife and humans with many potential adverse health effects in humans, such as neurodevelopmental deficits, cancer, thyroid hormone disruption, dysfunction of reproductive system, and infertility. Many PBDEs have been listed as chemicals of international concern under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. In this study, the aim was to investigate the structural interactions of PBDEs against thyroid hormone receptor (TRα) with potential implications in reproductive function. Structural binding of four PBDEs, i.e., BDE-28, BDE-100, BDE-153 and BDE-154 was investigated against the ligand binding pocket of TRα using Schrodinger's induced fit docking, followed by molecular interaction analysis and the binding energy estimation. The results indicated the stable and tight binding of all four PDBE ligands and similarity in the binding interaction pattern to that of TRα native ligand, triiodothyronine (T3). The estimated binding energy value for BDE-153 was the highest among four PBDEs and was more than that of T3. This was followed by BDE-154, which is approximately the same as that of TRα native ligand, T3. Furthermore, the value estimated for BDE-28 was the lowest; however, the binding energy value for BDE-100 was more than BDE-28 and close to that of TRα native ligand, T3. In conclusion, the results of our study suggested the thyroid signaling disruption potential of indicated ligands according to their binding energy order, which can possibly lead to disruption of reproductive function and infertility.
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Shin B, Hong SH, Seo S, Jeong CH, Kim J, Bae E, Lee D, Shin JH, Shim M, Han SB, Lee DK. Hepatocellular Metabolic Abnormalities Induced by Long-Term Exposure to Novel Brominated Flame Retardant, Hexabromobenzene. TOXICS 2023; 11:101. [PMID: 36850976 PMCID: PMC9962401 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) are widely used to avoid environmental accumulation concerns and because of the regulations imposed on classical BFRs. However, recent studies have not revealed the negative effects of NBFR accumulation and exposure on humans. We conducted a metabolomics study on hexabromobenzene (HBB), one of the NBFRs, to investigate its effect on hepatocytes. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolite profiling was performed to observe metabolic perturbations by treating human livertissue-derived HepG2 cell lines with HBB for maximum 21 days. Metabolic pathway enrichment using 17 metabolite biomarkers determined via univariate and multivariate statistical analysis verified that long-term accumulation of HBB resulted in distinct diminution of eight amino acids and five other metabolites. Molecular docking of the biomarker-related enzymes revealed the potential molecular mechanism of hepatocellular response to HBB exposure, which disrupts the energy metabolism of hepatic cells. Collectively, this study may provide insights into the hidden toxicity of bioaccumulating HBB and unveil the risks associated with non-regulated NBFRs.
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Qi Y. Effects of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) on ultrasonic vocalizations emitted by rat pups during isolation. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2022; 93:107118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2022.107118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Ermler S, Kortenkamp A. Declining semen quality and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs): Review of the literature to support the derivation of a reference dose for a mixture risk assessment. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2022; 242:113953. [PMID: 35334436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.113953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To support a mixture risk assessment for chemicals that interfere with male reproductive health, we reviewed the literature to identify studies of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and poor semen quality. Several epidemiological studies have shown associations of PBDE exposures with declining semen quality, non-descending testes and penile malformations. In rodent studies, poor semen quality, changes in testosterone levels and reproductive tissues have been observed. In vitro studies with reporter gene constructs show PBDE congeners as androgen receptor antagonists, and mixture studies in these systems have demonstrated that PBDE congeners act together with other androgen receptor antagonists. These observations led us to attempt the estimation of reference doses for specific PBDE congeners that can be used in a future mixture risk assessment for deteriorations of semen quality. While epidemiological studies provide support for such associations, they were uninformative for derivations of reference doses, due to the incompatibility of dose metrics used in exposure assessments. We therefore based our estimates on animal studies. Using a rigorous confidence rating approach, we found robust evidence that BDE-47 produced reductions in semen quality. We identified only one high confidence study of BDE-99 and accordingly evaluated the strength of evidence as moderate. One high confidence, and several medium confidence experimental studies observed declines in semen quality after BDE-209 exposure. Using established risk assessment procedures, we estimated that BDE-47 exposures below 0.15 μg/kg/d are unlikely to lead to reductions in semen quality. The corresponding exposures for BDE-99 and BDE-209 are 0.003 μg/kg/d and 1000 μg/kg/d. It is planned to use these estimates as reference doses in a mixture risk assessment of deteriorations in semen quality, involving multiple other chemicals also contributing to poor semen quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Ermler
- Brunel University London, Centre for Pollution Research and Policy, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom.
| | - Andreas Kortenkamp
- Brunel University London, Centre for Pollution Research and Policy, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
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Zhao Y, Fan K, Zhu Y, Zhao Y, Cai J, Jin L. Gestational exposure to BDE-209 induces placental injury via the endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated PERK/ATF4/CHOP signaling pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 233:113307. [PMID: 35182797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies have reported significant associations between prenatal polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) exposure and adverse birth outcomes. Placental injury is thought to mediate these associations. However, few study has investigated the adverse effects of PBDEs exposure on placental growth and development. We examined the impacts of gestational exposure to BDE-209, the most abundant PBDE conger detected in human samples, on placental structure and function, and its model of action in vivo and in vitro. Pregnant mice were exposed to 0, 2, 20, 200 mg/kg/day of BDE-209 by gavages from gestational day (GD) 0 to GD18. Results showed that gestational BDE-209 exposure significantly reduced placental weight, impaired placental vascular development and induced placental cell apoptosis. In addition, gestational BDE-209 exposure impaired placental transport and endocrine function as demonstrated by markedly downregulated expression of Glut1, Znt1, Pgf and Igf2 in BDE-209-treated placentas. Mechanistically, gestational exposure to BDE-209 upregulated the expression of GRP78, and 3 downstream proteins (p-eIF2α, ATF4 and CHOP) of the PERK signaling, suggesting the activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and PERK signaling pathway in mouse placentas. Further in vitro study showed that PERK siRNA pretreatment markedly reversed BDE-209-induced cell apoptosis in human JEG-3 cells. Collectively, our results suggest that the activation of the ER stress-mediated PERK/ATF4/CHOP signaling pathway played a role in BDE-209-induced placental injury. Our findings provide new insight into the mechanisms of BDE-209 induced reproductive and developmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kechen Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Songjiang Maternal and Child Health-Care Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongbo Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Cai
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Cheng L, Yang J, Rao Q, Liu Z, Song W, Guan S, Zhao Z, Song W. Toxic effects of Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) on thyroid of broiler chicks by transcriptome profile analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 219:112305. [PMID: 34029840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The wide usage of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) results in its increasing occurrence in the environment and increasing attention in regard to human and animal health. BDE-209 is an endocrine disruptor for hypothyroidism, but the toxicity mechanism is unclear. Here, the histopathology and transcriptome sequencing of thyroid tissue from broiler chicks were investigated by supplemental feeding with different concentrations of BDE-209 for 42 days (0-4 g/kg in basal diet), followed by determining the levels of thyroid hormones in serum. The results showed ruptured and even hyperplastic follicular epithelial cells in the thyroid, and a total of 501 differentially expressed genes were screened out: 222 upregulated and 279 downregulated. Based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway was significantly enriched, and α1D-adrenergic receptor, follicle-stimulating hormone receptor, thyroid stimulating hormone receptor, and somatostatin receptor type 2 were shown to be candidate biomarkers. Thyroxine was a possible biomarker due to clear reduction in serum and significant correlation with exposure concentrations. These results suggested that oral intake of BDE-209 can cause structural injuries and even hyperplasia, and affect gene transcription involved in the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway of thyroid, as well as thyroid hormones in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Junhua Yang
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Qinxiong Rao
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Zehui Liu
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Wei Song
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Shuhui Guan
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201106, China.
| | - Weiguo Song
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201106, China.
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Luan M, Ji H, Miao M, Liang H, Wang Z, Chen Y, Chen A, Cao W, Yuan W. Association between prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and anogenital distance in girls at ages 0-4 years. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 233:113706. [PMID: 33582604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Anogenital distance (AGD) is a sensitive marker for the effect of in utero hormonal disturbance. However, studies on the associations between prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a group of endocrine disruptors, and AGD are limited. We examined the associations between prenatal PBDE exposure and AGD in girls at ages 0-4 years in the Shanghai-Minhang Birth Cohort Study. We measured PBDE in cord plasma collected from 148 girls at birth. Of them, two AGD metrics (AGDAC: from the anterior surface of the clitoral hood to the center of the anus; AGDAF: from the posterior end of the fourchette to the center of the anus) were measured in 142, 114, 104 and 120 of girls at birth, 6, 12, and 48 months of age, respectively. Linear regression models and linear mixed models were used to evaluate the associations between PBDE exposure and AGD at ages 0-4 years. We found positive associations of PBDE exposure with AGDAF and AGDAC in linear regression models, although some associations only reached significance at 6 and 48 months of age. For AGDAF, the associations were statistically significant for BDE-47, -99, and -100 at 6 months of age (β = 2.34, 95% CI (0.21, 4.48) for BDE-47; β = 2.21, 95% CI (0.05, 4.36) for BDE-99; β = 2.12, 95% CI (0.01, 4.23) for BDE-100), and for BDE-99 and -100 at 48 months of age (β = 4.49, 95% CI (1.27, 7.71) for BDE-99; β = 5.04, 95% CI (1.87, 8.22) for BDE-100), while statistically significant associations with AGDAC were only observed for BDE-99, -100, -153, and ∑5PBDEs at 48 months of age (β = 7.62, 95% CI (2.59, 12.64) for BDE-99; β = 7.04, 95% CI (2.01, 12.07) for BDE-100; β = 5.41, 95% CI (0.45, 10.38) for BDE-153; β = 5.05 mm, 95% CI (0.09, 10.01 for ∑5PBDEs). A consistent pattern of positive associations between prenatal exposure to PBDEs and AGD was also observed in linear mixed models. The finding provided further insights into the adverse effects of PBDEs on reproductive development at low dose exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Luan
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Honglei Ji
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Maohua Miao
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Liang
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziliang Wang
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yafei Chen
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Wencheng Cao
- National Reference Laboratory of Dioxin, Institute of Health Inspection and Detection, Hubei Provincial Academy of Preventive Medicine, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Liao T, Li B, Zhang Z, Feng W, Chen Y, Ding Y, Chen H, Zhao T, Mao G, Wu X, Yang L. Short-term exposure of decabromodiphenyl ether in female adult Balb/c mice: Immune toxicity and self-recovery. Toxicol Lett 2021; 342:26-37. [PMID: 33571618 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
As a typical persistent organic pollutant, decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) is associated with various health risks, especially on immune system, which is sensitive to environmental pollutants. In addition, there is a problem of multi-index estimation and lack of comprehensive evaluation in immune toxicity study. In this study, the immunotoxicity of BDE-209 was systematically estimated from the aspects of immunopathology, humoral immunity, cellular immunity and non-specific immunity, etc., and integrated biomarker responses (IBR) combined with principal component analysis was applied to comprehensively evaluate the immunotoxicity of BDE-209 and its self-recovery after discontinuation. Results showed that BDE-209 exposure could cause immunotoxicity. This response seems to depend on (1) atrophying immune organs (thymus and spleen), hepatomegaly accompanied by increasing aspartate aminotransferase and oxidative stress;(2) changing humoral (immunoglobulins) and cellular (lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine secretion) immunity indices; (3) altering related expressions of genes, and further leading to imbalance of Th1/Th2 (Th, helper T cell). Integrated biomarker responses (IBR) companied with principal component analysis selected five biomarkers (mRNA expression of GATA-3, malondialdehyde level in thymus, count of white blood cell, serum IgG and lipopolysaccharide-induced splenic lymphocyte proliferation) to clarify the immunotoxicity induced by BDE-209. Furthermore, IBR combined with factorial analysis revealed that the effect of BDE-209 could be dose-dependently reduced after withdrawal of BDE-209. Overall results suggested that BDE-209 has immunotoxicity on adult Balb/c mice, whereas this immunotoxicity could be reduced by the self-regulation of organisms to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Liao
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Baorui Li
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Zhehan Zhang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Weiwei Feng
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yangyang Ding
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Guanghua Mao
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Liuqing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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14
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Guo J, Miao W, Wu C, Zhang J, Qi X, Yu H, Chang X, Zhang Y, Zhou Z. Umbilical cord serum PBDE concentrations and child adiposity measures at 7 years. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 203:111009. [PMID: 32684521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) exist extensively in the environment. Toxicological studies suggested PBDEs may interfere with adipogenic pathways. However, few human evidence addressed PBDE exposures in utero related to childhood adiposity. OBJECTIVE We assessed associations between PBDEs concentrations in cord serum and childhood adiposity measures at 7 years. METHODS Among 318 mother-child pairs from Sheyang Mini Birth Cohort Study (SMBCS) in China, nine PBDE congener concentrations were quantified in umbilical cord serum using gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry (GC-NCI-MS). Anthropometric indicators of children aged 7 years were measured, including weight, height and waist circumference. Age and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) z scores were calculated based on World Health Organization (WHO)'s child growth standards. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models adjusted for putative confounders were performed to examine associations between PBDE congeners and adiposity parameters. RESULTS BDE-209 was the most abundant congener of PBDEs with a median value of 19.5 ng/g lipid. The geometric mean values of nine PBDE congeners ranged from below limit of detection (LOD) to 18.1 ng/g lipid, and the detection rates were 46.5%~96.5%. Cord serum BDE-153 and BDE-154 concentrations were associated with lower childhood BMI z score (regression coefficient, β=-0.15, 95% confidence interval: -0.29, -0.02; p=0.02; β=-0.23, 95%CI: -0.43, -0.03; p=0.03, respectively) and lower waist circumference (β=-0.75 cm, 95%CI: -1.43, -0.06; p=0.03; β=-1.22 cm, 95%CI: -2.23, -0.21; p=0.02, respectively), after controlling for potential confounders. Moreover, prenatal BDE-154 exposure was related to a decreased obesity risk of children aged 7 years (odds ratio, OR=0.46, 95%CI: 0.22, 0.94; p=0.03). These effects were only observed among boys in sex-straitified analyses. CONCLUSIONS Cord serum BDE-153 and BDE-154 concentrations were related to reduced adiposity measures at 7 years of age. Further evidence regarding the impacts of prenatal PBDE exposures on childhood development is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiu Guo
- School of Public Health/ Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/ Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenbin Miao
- School of Public Health/ Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/ Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chunhua Wu
- School of Public Health/ Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/ Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Jiming Zhang
- School of Public Health/ Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/ Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaojuan Qi
- School of Public Health/ Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/ Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China; Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Haixing Yu
- School of Public Health/ Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/ Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiuli Chang
- School of Public Health/ Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/ Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yubin Zhang
- School of Public Health/ Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/ Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- School of Public Health/ Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/ Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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15
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Zhang T, Zhou X, Xu A, Tian Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Gu Q, Wang S, Wang Z. Toxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) on rodent male reproductive system: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 720:137419. [PMID: 32325560 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). According to recent studies, the associations between PBDEs and rodent male reproductive system are controversial. Therefore, we performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the effects of PBDEs on rodent male reproductive system. Data were extracted from articles collected from PubMed, Web of Science, and other databases. The pooled standard mean deviation (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was used to evaluate the association between the male rodent reproductive system impairment and PBDE exposure. Ten articles were included in the present meta-analysis and systematic review. The summary SMD of reproductive toxicity associated with PBDEs was -0.46 (95% CI: -0.69, -0.22), and the overall association between DE-71 along with BDE-209 and male reproductive system damage was statistically significant (SMD = -0.7 95% CI: -1.18, -0.21, p = .041; SMD = -0.41, 95% CI: -0.77, -0.05, p = .000). The adverse impact of PBDEs on rodent male reproductive system, especially seminal vesicle (SMD = -1.09, 95% CI: -1.49, -0.49, p = .523) and ventral prostate (SMD = -1.27, 95% CI: -1.88, -0.65, p = .821), were clearly demonstrated. Moderate (SMD = -0.81, 95% CI: -1.182, -0.437, p = .197) and high (SMD = -0.41, 95% CI: -0.76, -0.05, p = .000) dosage may have exerted effect than relatively low (SMD = -0.29, 95% CI: -0.17, 0.12, p = .136) dosage. In conclusion, our meta-analysis and systematic review suggested PBDE toxicity on the male reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Aiming Xu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Yuhao Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Qi Gu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - ShangQian Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Zengjun Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China.
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16
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Li X, Zhu Y, Zhang C, Liu J, Zhou G, Jing L, Shi Z, Sun Z, Zhou X. BDE-209 induces male reproductive toxicity via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis mediated by DNA damage response signaling pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113097. [PMID: 31520908 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) is commonly used as a flame retardant, usually in products that were utilized in electronic equipment, plastics, furniture and textiles. To identify the impacts of BDE-209 on the male reproductive system and the underlying toxicological mechanisms, 40 male ICR mice were randomly divided into four groups, which were then exposed to BDE-209 at 0, 7.5, 25 and 75 mg kg-1 d-1 for four weeks, respectively. With regard to the in vitro study, GC-2spd cells were treated with BDE-209 at 0, 2, 8 and 32 μg mL-1 for 24 h, respectively. The results from the in vivo experiments showed that BDE-209 resulted in damage to the testis structure, led to cell apoptosis in testis and decreased sperm number and motility, while sperm malformation rates were significantly increased. Moreover, BDE-209 could induce oxidative stress with decreased testosterone levels, result in DNA damage and activate DNA damage response signaling pathways (ATM/Chk2, ATR/Chk1 and DNA-PKcs/XRCC4/DNA ligase Ⅳ). The data from the in vitro experiments showed that BDE-209 led to cytotoxicity by reducing cell viability and increasing LDH release as well. BDE-209 also induced DNA strand breaks, cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in GC-2 cells. These results suggested that BDE-209 could lead to male reproductive toxicity by inducing DNA damage and failure of DNA damage repair which resulted in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of spermatogenic cell. The present study provided new evidence to elucidate the potential mechanism of male reproductive toxicity induced by BDE-209.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Li
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Yupeng Zhu
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Chonghai Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Zibo Seventh People's Hospital, 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Jianhui Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Guiqing Zhou
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Li Jing
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixiong Shi
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Xianqing Zhou
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China.
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17
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Nesan D, Kurrasch DM. Gestational Exposure to Common Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Their Impact on Neurodevelopment and Behavior. Annu Rev Physiol 2019; 82:177-202. [PMID: 31738670 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals are common in our environment and act on hormone systems and signaling pathways to alter physiological homeostasis. Gestational exposure can disrupt developmental programs, permanently altering tissues with impacts lasting into adulthood. The brain is a critical target for developmental endocrine disruption, resulting in altered neuroendocrine control of hormonal signaling, altered neurotransmitter control of nervous system function, and fundamental changes in behaviors such as learning, memory, and social interactions. Human cohort studies reveal correlations between maternal/fetal exposure to endocrine disruptors and incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we summarize the major literature findings of endocrine disruption of neurodevelopment and concomitant changes in behavior by four major endocrine disruptor classes:bisphenol A, polychlorinated biphenyls, organophosphates, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers. We specifically review studies of gestational and/or lactational exposure to understand the effects of early life exposure to these compounds and summarize animal studies that help explain human correlative data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinushan Nesan
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; , .,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Deborah M Kurrasch
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; , .,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
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18
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Gouesse RJ, Lavoie M, Dianati E, Wade MG, Hales BF, Robaire B, Plante I. Gestational and Lactational Exposure to an Environmentally Relevant Mixture of Brominated Flame Retardants Downregulates Junctional Proteins, Thyroid Hormone Receptor α1 Expression, and the Proliferation-Apoptosis Balance in Mammary Glands Post Puberty. Toxicol Sci 2019; 171:13-31. [PMID: 31241157 PMCID: PMC6735962 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary gland development requires hormonal regulation during puberty, pregnancy, and lactation. Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are endocrine disruptors; they are added to consumer products to satisfy flammability standards. Previously, we showed that gestational and lactational exposure to an environmentally relevant mixture of BFRs disrupts proteins of the adherens junctions in rat dam mammary glands at weaning. Here, we hypothesize that perinatal exposure to the same BFR mixture also disrupts junctional proteins and signaling pathways controlling mammary gland development in pups. Dams were exposed through diet to a BFR mixture based on the substances in house dust; doses of the mixture used were 0, 0.06, 20, or 60 mg/kg/day. Dams were exposed continuously beginning prior to mating until pups' weaning; female offspring were euthanized on postnatal day (PND) 21, 46, and 208. The lowest dose of BFRs significantly downregulated adherens junction proteins, E-cadherin, and β-catenin, and the gap junction protein p-Cx43, as well as thyroid hormone receptor alpha 1 protein at PND 46. No effects were observed on estrogen or progesterone receptors. The low dose also resulted in a decrease in cleaved caspase-3, a downward trend in PARP levels, proteins involved in apoptosis, and an upward trend in proliferating cell nuclear antigen, a marker of proliferation. No effects were observed on ductal elongation or on the numbers of terminal end buds. Together, our results indicate that gestational and lactational exposure to an environmentally relevant mixture of BFRs disrupts cell-cell interactions, thyroid hormone homeostasis and the proliferation-apoptosis balance at PND 46, a critical stage for mammary gland development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mélanie Lavoie
- INRS, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Bioscience, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elham Dianati
- INRS, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Bioscience, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mike G Wade
- Health Canada, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Bernard Robaire
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Plante
- INRS, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Bioscience, Laval, Quebec, Canada
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19
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Wang Y, Chen T, Sun Y, Zhao X, Zheng D, Jing L, Zhou X, Sun Z, Shi Z. A comparison of the thyroid disruption induced by decabrominated diphenyl ethers (BDE-209) and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) in rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 174:224-235. [PMID: 30844666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), a new alternative flame retardant to the decabrominated diphenyl ethers (BDE-209), is widely used in a variety of products. Previous studies have indicated that DBDPE, like BDE-209, could disrupt thyroid function. However, compared with BDE-209, the degrees of thyrotoxicosis induced by DBDPE were not clear. In addition, the mechanism of thyrotoxicosis induced by DBDPE or BDE-209 was still under further investigation. In this study, male rats as a model were orally exposed to DBDPE or BDE-209 by 5, 50, 500 mg/kg bw/day for 28 days. Then, we assessed the thyrotoxicosis of DBDPE versus BDE-209 and explored the mechanisms of DBDPE and BDE-209-induced thyrotoxicosis. Results showed that decreased free triiodothyronine (FT3) and increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in serum were observed in both 500 mg/kg bw/day BDE-209 and DBDPE group. Decreased total thyroxine (TT4), total T3 (TT3), and free T4 (FT4) were only observed in BDE-209 group but not in DBDPE group. Histological examination and transmission electron microscope examination showed that high level exposure to BDE-209 and DBDPE both caused significant changes in histological structure and ultrastructure of the thyroid gland. Additionally, oxidative damages of thyroid gland (decreased SOD and GSH activities, and increased MDA content) were also observed in both BDE-209 and DBDPE groups. TG contents in the thyroid gland was reduced in BDE-209 group but not in DBDPE group. Both BDE-209 and DBDPE affected the expression of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis related genes. These findings suggested that both BDE-209 and DBDPE exposure could disrupt thyroid function in the direction of hypothyroidism and the underlying mechanism was likely to be oxidative stress and perturbations of HPT axis. However, DBDPE was found to be less toxic than BDE-209.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Wang
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Tian Chen
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yanmin Sun
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xuezhen Zhao
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Dan Zheng
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Li Jing
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Xianqing Zhou
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhixiong Shi
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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20
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Zhai J, Geng X, Ding T, Li J, Tang J, Chen D, Cui L, Wang Q. An increase of estrogen receptor α protein level regulates BDE-209-mediated blood-testis barrier disruption during spermatogenesis in F1 mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:4801-4820. [PMID: 30565106 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3784-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Deca-bromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) regulates various aspects of spermatogenesis and male fertility through its effect on estrogen receptor α (ERα), but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Because molecular mechanisms such as remodeling of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) play crucial roles in spermatogenesis, we investigated the disruptive effects of ERα agonists on the BTB in spermatogenesis. In this study, 0, 300, and 500 mg/kg/day of BDE-209 were administered to pregnant adult mice by oral gavage from gestation day 7 to postnatal day 21. SerW3 cells were treated with methylpiperidino pyrazole (MPP) for 30 min before being treated with 50 μg/mL of BDE-209. BDE-209 increases ERα in time- and dose-dependent manners and decreases formin 1 and BTB-associated protein in F1 male mice. Furthermore, BDE-209 impairs the structure and function of the BTB. Activation of ERα signaling could disrupt the BTB, leading to spermatogenesis dysfunction. The results identified the role of ERα in BTB disruption during spermatogenesis and suggested that BTB disruption occurs because of exposure to BDE-209, which could potentially affect spermatogenesis. In conclusion, Sertoli cells seem to be the primary target of BDE-209 in the perinatal period, and this period constitutes a critical window of susceptibility to BDE-209. Also, the SerW3 cell model may not be a particularly useful cell model for studying the function of the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Zhai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Rd 81, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Xiya Geng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Rd 81, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Tao Ding
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Rd 81, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Rd 81, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Rd 81, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Daojun Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Rd 81, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Longjiang Cui
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Rd 81, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Qizhi Wang
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Sipailou Rd 2, Nanjing, 210018, China
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21
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Chen T, Niu P, Kong F, Wang Y, Bai Y, Yu D, Jia J, Yang L, Fu Z, Li R, Li J, Tian L, Sun Z, Wang D, Shi Z. Disruption of thyroid hormone levels by decabrominated diphenyl ethers (BDE-209) in occupational workers from a deca-BDE manufacturing plant. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 120:505-515. [PMID: 30149342 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
While there is some evidence that exposure to decabrominated diphenyl ethers (BDE-209) affects thyroid function, the results obtained to date have been inconsistent. No studies have been performed on workers in deca-BDE manufacturing who had a high level of exposure to BDE-209 and relatively little exposure to other contaminants. In the present study, the relationship between BDE-209 exposure and thyroid hormone in occupational workers from a deca-BDE manufacturing plant was investigated. The serum and urine levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and serum thyroid hormones were measured in 72 workers recruited from the deca-BDE manufacturing plant. The associations between their thyroid hormone levels and their exposure to BDE-209 were examined using multiple linear regression models. Serum concentrations of BDE-209 ranged from 67.4 to 109,000 ng/g lipid weight (lw), with a median of 3420 ng/g lw, contributing to 93.1% of the total PBDEs. The concentration of BDE-209 in urine was highly correlated with that in the serum (r2 = 0.440, p < 0.001), indicating that urine may be a good non-invasive biomonitoring medium of BDE-209 body burden in occupational workers. BDE-209 in the serum was significantly and positively correlated with total thyroxine (tT4, r = 0.270, p = 0.029) and marginally and positively correlated with total triiodothyronine (tT3, r = 0.232, p = 0.061) in all occupational workers after adjusting for gender, age, BMI, and occupational exposure duration. A 10-fold increase in the serum BDE-209 concentration was associated with an increase in tT4 (8.63 nmol/L) [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.930-16.3] and tT3 (0.106 nmol/L) [95% confidence interval (CI): -0.005-0.219], corresponding to the increase of 7.8% in tT4 level and 5.4% in tT3 level. Associations between urine BDE-209 levels and thyroid hormones were similar to the results for the serum levels. These findings offer new evidence for proving the thyroid disrupting effects of BDE-209, impacting the direction of hyperthyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Chen
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Piye Niu
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Fanling Kong
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yi Bai
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Dong Yu
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Jinan 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaxin Jia
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Luping Yang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongjian Fu
- Shouguang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shouguang 262700, Shandong, China
| | - Renbo Li
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Jingguang Li
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Lin Tian
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Dejun Wang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhixiong Shi
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Vuong AM, Braun JM, Webster GM, Thomas Zoeller R, Hoofnagle AN, Sjödin A, Yolton K, Lanphear BP, Chen A. Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) exposures and thyroid hormones in children at age 3 years. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 117:339-347. [PMID: 29787984 PMCID: PMC5997562 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) reduce serum thyroid hormone concentrations in animal studies, but few studies have examined the impact of early-life PBDE exposures on thyroid hormone disruption in childhood. METHODS We used data from 162 mother-child pairs from the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment Study (2003-2006, Cincinnati, OH). We measured PBDEs in maternal serum at 16 ± 3 weeks gestation and in child serum at 1-3 years. Thyroid hormones were measured in serum at 3 years. We used multiple informant models to investigate associations between prenatal and early-life PBDE exposures and thyroid hormone levels at age 3 years. RESULTS Prenatal PBDEs were associated with decreased thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels at age 3 years. A 10-fold increase in prenatal ∑PBDEs (BDE-28, -47, -99, -100, and -153) was associated with a 27.6% decrease (95% CI -40.8%, -11.3%) in TSH. A ten-fold increase in prenatal ∑PBDEs was associated with a 0.25 pg/mL (0.07, 0.43) increase in free triiodothyronine (FT3). Child sex modified associations between prenatal PBDEs and thyroid hormones, with significant decrements in TSH among females and decreased free T4 (FT4) in males. Prenatal ∑PBDEs were not associated with TT4, FT4, or total T3. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest an inverse relationship between prenatal ∑PBDEs and TSH at 3 years. Associations may be sexually dimorphic, with an inverse relationship between prenatal BDE-47 and -99 and TSH in females and null associations among males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Vuong
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, P.O. Box 670056, Cincinnati 45267, OH, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main St, Box G-S121-2, Providence 02912, RI, USA
| | - Glenys M Webster
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, BC, Canada
| | - R Thomas Zoeller
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 611 North Pleasant St, Amherst 01003, MA, USA
| | - Andrew N Hoofnagle
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, NW120, Seattle 98195, WA, USA
| | - Andreas Sjödin
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop F-20, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta 30341, GA, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7035, Cincinnati 45229, OH, USA
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, BC, Canada
| | - Aimin Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, P.O. Box 670056, Cincinnati 45267, OH, USA.
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Chen J, Li X, Li X, Chen D. The environmental pollutant BDE-209 regulates NO/cGMP signaling through activation of NMDA receptors in neurons. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:3397-3407. [PMID: 29151189 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0651-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The common flame retardant decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209) is a persistent organic pollutant. Epidemiological studies have revealed that prenatal or postnatal exposure to BDE-209 can result in delayed cognitive development, and BDE-209 has been shown to be toxic to cultured neurons with maturation interference effects. However, its neurotoxic mechanism remains unclear. Nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO/cGMP) signaling plays an important role in regulating neuronal maturation. We examined the influence of BDE-209 (100, 200, and 400 nM) on NO production and cGMP levels signaling in rodent neurons in vitro, with or without pretreatment N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonism. We found that nanomolar concentrations of BDE-209 affected levels of the second messengers NO and cGMP, and that these effects could be blocked by NMDA receptor antagonism. Moreover, BDE-209 activation of NMDA receptors inhibited the expression of phosphodiesterases (PDEs), which modulate intracellular cGMP levels, and increased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, favoring apoptosis induction. Our studies implicate the NMDA-NO/cGMP pathway in the pathogenic mechanism through which BDE-209 induces neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsi Chen
- Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Institute of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510150, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, 510150, China
- Key Laboratories for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Xiuying Li
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Institute of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Institute of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Dunjin Chen
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Institute of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
- Key Laboratories for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
- , No.63, Duobao Road, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
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Ding G, Yu J, Chen L, Wang C, Zhou Y, Hu Y, Shi R, Zhang Y, Cui C, Gao Y, Tian Y, Liu F. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and thyroid hormones in cord blood. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017. [PMID: 28628864 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) has been increasing over the last three decades in China and around the world. Animal studies suggest that PBDEs could reduce blood levels of thyroid hormones, but it is unclear whether PBDEs disrupt thyroid function in humans. We used data from a prospective birth cohort of 123 pregnant women who were enrolled between September 2010 and March 2011 in Shandong, China. We measured the concentrations of eight PBDE congeners (n = 106) and five thyroid hormones (n = 107) in cord serum samples. We examined the relationship between prenatal exposure to PBDEs and thyroid function (n = 90). Median concentrations of BDEs 47, 99, 100, and 153 (detection frequencies > 75%) were 3.96, 8.27, 3.31, and 1.89 ng/g lipid, respectively. A 10-fold increase in BDE-99 and Σ4 PBDEs (the sum of BDEs 47, 99, 100, and 153) concentrations was associated with a 0.41 μg/dL (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.10 to 0.72) and 0.37 μg/dL (95% CI: 0.06 to 0.68) increase in total thyroxine levels (TT4), respectively. No associations were found between other individual congeners and any of the five thyroid hormones. Our study suggests that prenatal exposure to PBDEs may be associated with higher TT4 in cord blood. Given the inconsistent findings across existing studies, our results need to be confirmed in additional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Ding
- MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Campus Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Limei Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caifeng Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Shi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Cui
- Research Base of Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease in China CDC, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Tian
- MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Sarkar D, Singh SK. Maternal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209) during lactation affects germ cell survival with altered testicular glucose homeostasis and oxidative status through down-regulation of Cx43 and p27Kip1 in prepubertal mice offspring. Toxicology 2017; 386:103-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Correlation between Prenatal Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) and Infant Birth Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis and an Experimental Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14030268. [PMID: 28272363 PMCID: PMC5369104 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14030268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Only a few epidemiological studies have focused on the correlation between prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and infant birth outcomes (IBO), and the results of these epidemiological studies are contradictory. The objective of this study was to assess the correlation between prenatal exposure to PBDEs (PEP) and IBO (i.e., birth weight) in an analysis of epidemiological studies and an experimental animals study. We searched databases of the medical literature (PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) for articles and pooled the results of the included epidemiological studies. In parallel, birth outcomes (i.e., birth weights of pups) were collected from female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats exposed to decabromodiphenyl ether (DecaBDE) in the diet from five weeks of age to delivery. A significant negative relationship was found between human PBDE burden and birth weight in the analysis of seven epidemiological studies based on a random-effects model (β = −50.598; 95% confidence interval (CI) −95.914, −5.282; I2 = 11.8%; p = 0.029). In the experimental animal study, a significant decrease in birth weight in the DecaBDE-treated group was also observed (5.26 ± 0.39 vs. 5.8 ± 0.58, p = 0.0132). The results of our study contribute to increasing evidence suggesting that PEP adversely impacts IBO, especially birth weight.
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Lane A, Goodyer CG, Rab F, Ashley JM, Sharma S, Hodgson A, Nisker J. Pregnant Women's perceptions of exposure to brominated flame retardants. Reprod Health 2016; 13:142. [PMID: 27905993 PMCID: PMC5133746 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-016-0257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent media reports on human studies associating brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in household products in pregnancy with urogenital anomalies in boys and endocrine disruption in both sexes. We sought to explore the perceptions of pregnant women of brominated flame retardant (BFR) exposure, in light of recent media reports on the adverse health effects of BFR exposure prenatally. METHODS Pregnant women were recruited for interviews through posters and pamphlets in prenatal clinics, prenatal fairs and community centres. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim for Charmaz-based qualitative analysis supported by NVIVO 10™. RESULTS Theoretical sufficiency was reached after analyzing the interviews of 23 pregnant women. Themes co-constructed were: I-Lack of Awareness of BFRs; II-Factors Influencing BFR Exposure; III-Responsibility; IV-Informed Choice. Almost all participants felt it was difficult to make informed choices to avoid BFRs, and wanted communication from clinicians and regulation from governments regarding decreasing BFR exposure. CONCLUSION Pregnant women in Canada may be unaware of the potential risks of exposure to BFRs. Professional organizations and governments should further study risk associated with BFR exposure in pregnancy and provide educational materials for pregnant women and clinicians regarding BFR exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lane
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - C G Goodyer
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - F Rab
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - J M Ashley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Sharma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Hodgson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Nisker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Scientist, Children's Health Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, Victoria Hospital, Rm E2-620E, 800 Commissioners Rd E., London, Ontario, N6A 5W9, Canada.
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28
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Vuong AM, Braun JM, Sjödin A, Webster GM, Yolton K, Lanphear BP, Chen A. Prenatal Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Exposure and Body Mass Index in Children Up To 8 Years of Age. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:1891-1897. [PMID: 27285825 PMCID: PMC5132628 DOI: 10.1289/ehp139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to endocrine disruptors has been associated with increased risk of childhood obesity. However, epidemiologic studies on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are limited despite animal studies indicating PBDEs' potential role as an obesogen. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether maternal concentrations of BDEs 28, 47, 99, 100, 153, and ΣPBDEs during pregnancy were associated with anthropometric measures in children aged 1-8 years. METHODS We examined 318 mother-child pairs in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, a birth cohort enrolled from 2003 through 2006 (Cincinnati, OH). Serum PBDEs were measured at 16 ± 3 weeks gestation. We measured child height (1-8 years), weight (1-8 years), body mass index (BMI) (2-8 years), waist circumference (4-8 years), and body fat (8 years). To account for repeated measures, we used linear mixed models and generalized estimating equations to estimate associations between maternal PBDEs and child anthropometric measures. RESULTS We found no statistically significant associations between prenatal PBDEs and height or weight z-score. A 10-fold increase in maternal serum BDE-153 was associated with lower BMI z-score (β = -0.36; 95% CI: -0.60, -0.13) at 2-8 years, smaller waist circumference (β = -1.81 cm; 95% CI: -3.13, -0.50) at 4-8 years, and lower percent body fat (β = -2.37%; 95% CI: -4.21, -0.53) at 8 years. A decrease in waist circumference at 4-8 years was observed with a 10-fold increase in BDE-100 (β = -1.50 cm; 95% CI: -2.93, -0.08) and ΣPBDEs (β = -1.57 cm; 95% CI: -3.11, -0.02). CONCLUSIONS Reverse causality may have resulted in prenatal PBDEs, particularly BDE-153, and decreased BMI, waist circumference, and body fat. Citation: Vuong AM, Braun JM, Sjödin A, Webster GM, Yolton K, Lanphear BP, Chen A. 2016. Prenatal polybrominated diphenyl ether exposure and body mass index in children up to 8 years of age. Environ Health Perspect 124:1891-1897; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP139.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M. Vuong
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph M. Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Andreas Sjödin
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Glenys M. Webster
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Bruce P. Lanphear
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aimin Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Address correspondence to: A. Chen, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, P.O. Box 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056 USA. Telephone: (513) 558-2129. E-mail:
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Sarkar D, Chowdhury JP, Singh SK. Effect of polybrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209) on testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis through altered thyroid status in adult mice. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 239:50-61. [PMID: 26602377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a class of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), have been widely used in many products to minimize the risk of fire, mainly by mixing in polymer products. BDE-209, a congener of PBDEs having structural similarity with thyroid hormones, acts as an endocrine disruptor by interfering with thyroid homeostasis. However, little is known about the effect of BDE-209 exposure on testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. This study was therefore conducted in adult mice to examine the effect of BDE-209 on testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in relation to thyroid status, and to explore possible mechanism(s) of its action. Adult Parkes strain male mice were orally gavaged with 750 and 950mg/kg BW of BDE-209 in corn oil for 35days. Significant reductions were noted in the levels of serum total T3, T4 and testosterone in mice treated with 950mg/kg BW of BDE-209 compared to controls; histologically, testes showed nonuniform degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules as both affected and normal tubules were observed in the same section; further, number and viability of spermatozoa were also adversely affected in cauda epididymidis of these mice. Semiquantitative RT-PCR and western blot analyses also showed significant reductions in both testicular mRNA and protein levels of steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1), steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein, cytochrome P450scc (CYP11A1), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) in 950mg dose treated-mice compared to controls. Immunohistochemical and immunoblot analyses further revealed a marked decrease in proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive cells in testes of 950mg dose of BDE-209-treated mice. However, 750mg dose of BDE-209 had no effect on the above parameters. In conclusion, our results suggest that exposure of BDE-209 to adult mice causes reduction in serum levels of thyroid hormones and altered thyroid status may partly result into impairment of testicular steroidogenesis because of down-regulated expression of SF-1, thereby causing suppression of spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarshi Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | | | - Shio Kumar Singh
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Wada K, de Vrijer B, Hales BF, Nisker J. Implications of Applying Minimal Risk Standards in Clinical Research to Information Provision in Prenatal and Pre-conception Care. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2016; 38:965-974. [PMID: 27720097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have long been minimal risk thresholds beneath which risks may not need to be discussed in clinical research. This threshold concept may be applied to clinical practice. Our research explored application of minimal risk standards in research regulations to providing information in prenatal and pre-conception care. METHODS A case study approach applied minimal risk standards in research regulations to prenatal and pre-conception care with respect to the risks of excess alcohol consumption, folic acid insufficiency, exposure to phthalate plasticizers, and exposure to brominated flame retardants (BFRs). RESULTS Excess alcohol consumption and folic acid insufficiency were found to be above the minimal risk standards as outlined in research regulations, while exposure to phthalates and BFRs requires more evidence to determine whether they are above minimal risk. However, applying the minimal risk standard based on the daily life of a healthy adult or a fetus in a healthy pregnant woman, phthalates and BFRs are at the minimal risk threshold regardless of their potential harm since all pregnant women may be exposed to these chemicals in their daily life. Nevertheless, if there is demonstration of sufficient evidence of harm, they may be above minimal risk if such harm can be reduced by individual choice to avoid exposure. CONCLUSION The minimal risk concept in research regulations as applied to clinical practice may be useful to help clinicians and professional organizations determine what risks need be discussed in prenatal and pre-conception care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Wada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London ON
| | - Barbra de Vrijer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London ON
| | - Barbara F Hales
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal QC
| | - Jeff Nisker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London ON
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Hoffman K, Mendez M, Siega-Riz AM, Herring AH, Sjödin A, Daniels JL. Lactational Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Its Relation to Early Childhood Anthropometric Measurements. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:1656-1661. [PMID: 27153456 PMCID: PMC5047775 DOI: 10.1289/ehp201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants that may influence growth and development. OBJECTIVE We investigated the association between exposure to PBDEs via breast milk and anthropometric measurements in early childhood. METHODS The Pregnancy Infection and Nutrition (PIN) Babies studies followed a cohort of North Carolina pregnant women and their children through 36 months of age. Breast milk samples obtained at 3 months postpartum were analyzed for PBDEs. We collected height and weight records from well-baby doctor visits and also measured children during study visits (n = 246 children with > 1,400 anthropometric measurements). We assessed the relationship between breast milk concentrations of five PBDE congeners-BDEs 28, 47, 99, 100, and 153-and child's weight-for-age, height-for-age, and weight-for-height z-scores (WAZ, HAZ, and WHZ, respectively), adjusting for age; maternal age, race, prepregnancy BMI; parity; smoking during pregnancy; and breastfeeding, and stratifying by sex. RESULTS Overall, PBDE exposures via breast milk were not associated with early-life anthropometric measures in the PIN Babies cohort. When stratified by sex, PBDEs in milk were inversely associated with WHZ for boys; however, associations did not follow a consistent pattern across the concentration gradient and were imprecisely estimated. Among girls, PBDEs tended to be associated with increased WHZ except for BDE-153, which was inversely associated with WHZ, though all estimates were imprecisely estimated. CONCLUSIONS We observed little evidence of associations between early-life PBDE exposures via breast milk and anthropometric measurements overall; however, our results prompt the need for sex-specific investigations in larger cohorts. CITATION Hoffman K, Mendez M, Siega-Riz AM, Herring AH, Sjödin A, Daniels JL. 2016. Lactational exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and its relation to early childhood anthropometric measurements. Environ Health Perspect 124:1656-1661; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP201.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Hoffman
- UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michelle Mendez
- UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Amy H. Herring
- UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andreas Sjödin
- Division for Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Julie L. Daniels
- UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Address correspondence to J.L. Daniels, Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, McGavran-Greenberg Hall CB#7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Telephone: (919) 966-7096. E-mail:
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Souza AO, Tasso MJ, Oliveira AMC, Pereira LC, Duarte FV, Oliveira DP, Palmeira CM, Dorta DJ. Evaluation of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Toxicity on HepG2 Cells - Hexabrominated Congener (BDE-154) Is Less Toxic than Tetrabrominated Congener (BDE-47). Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 119:485-497. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alecsandra O. Souza
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Philosophy; Sciences and Languages of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Maria J. Tasso
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Philosophy; Sciences and Languages of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Alana M. C. Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Philosophy; Sciences and Languages of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Lilian C. Pereira
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicological and Bromatological; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Filipe V. Duarte
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
| | - Danielle P. Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicological and Bromatological; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Carlos M. Palmeira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
| | - Daniel J. Dorta
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Philosophy; Sciences and Languages of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
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Assessing infant exposure to persistent organic pollutants via dietary intake in Australia. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 87:166-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Behavioral and thyroid effects of in utero and lactational exposure of Sprague–Dawley rats to the polybrominated diphenyl ether mixture DE71. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2015; 52:127-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Chen L, Wang C, Cui C, Ding G, Zhou Y, Jin J, Gao Y, Tian Y. Prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and birth outcomes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 206:32-37. [PMID: 26142748 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the potential association between maternal PBDEs and birth outcomes, including birth weight (g), length (cm), head circumference (cm) and gestational age (week). 215 mothers were recruited from a prospective birth cohort in rural northern China between September 2010 and February 2012. Serum PBDE congeners were detected and their association with birth outcomes were examined. The median maternal serum concentrations of BDE-28, -47, -99, -100, -153 were 2.27, 2.26, 3.58, 2.13, 4.87 ng/g lipid, respectively. Maternal LgBDE-28 and LgBDE-100 were negatively associated with birth length (β = -0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.82, -0.02; β = -0.97, 95% CI: -1.83, -0.08). A negative association was found between LgBDE-28 and birth weight among male infants (β = -253.76, 95% CI: -438.16, -69.36). PBDE congeners were not associated with head circumference, or gestational age. Our results contribute to growing evidence suggesting that PBDEs have adverse effects on birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caifeng Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Cui
- Research Base of Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infection Disease in China CDC, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Guodong Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongfang Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Vuong AM, Webster GM, Romano ME, Braun JM, Zoeller RT, Hoofnagle AN, Sjödin A, Yolton K, Lanphear BP, Chen A. Maternal Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Exposure and Thyroid Hormones in Maternal and Cord Sera: The HOME Study, Cincinnati, USA. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2015; 123:1079-85. [PMID: 25893858 PMCID: PMC4590759 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1408996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) reduce blood concentrations of thyroid hormones in laboratory animals, but it is unclear whether PBDEs disrupt thyroid hormones in pregnant women or newborn infants. OBJECTIVES We investigated the relationship between maternal PBDE levels and thyroid hormone concentrations in maternal and cord sera. METHODS We used data from the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME)Study, a prospective birth cohort of 389 pregnant women in Cincinnati, Ohio, who were enrolled from 2003 through 2006 and delivered singleton infants. Maternal serum PBDE concentrations were measured at enrollment (16 ± 3 weeks of gestation). Thyroid hormone concentrations were measured in maternal serum at enrollment (n = 187) and in cord serum samples (n = 256). RESULTS Median maternal serum concentrations of BDEs 28 and 47 were 1.0 and 19.1 ng/g lipid, respectively. A 10-fold increase in BDEs 28 and 47 concentrations was associated with a 0.85-μg/dL [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.05, 1.64] and 0.82-μg/dL (95% CI: 0.12, 1.51) increase in maternal total thyroxine concentrations (TT4), respectively. Both congeners were also positively associated with maternal free thyroxine (FT4). We also observed positive associations between BDE-47 and maternal total and free triiodothyronine (TT3 and FT3). A 10-fold increase in BDE-28 was associated with elevated FT3 concentrations (β = 0.14 pg/mL; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.26). In contrast, maternal PBDE levels were not associated with thyroid hormone concentrations in cord serum. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that maternal PBDE exposure, particularly BDEs 28 and 47, are associated with maternal concentrations of T4 and T3 during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Vuong
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Du L, Sun W, Zhang H, Chen D. BDE-209 inhibits pluripotent genes expression and induces apoptosis in human embryonic stem cells. J Appl Toxicol 2015. [PMID: 26206603 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) has been detected in human serum, semen, placenta, cord blood and milk worldwide. However, little is known regarding the potential effects on the early human embryonic development of BDE-209. In this study, human embryonic stem cell lines FY-hES-10 and FY-hES-26 were used to evaluate the potential effects and explore the toxification mechanisms using low-level BDE-209 exposure. Our data showed that BDE-209 exposure (1, 10 and 100 nM) reduced the expression of pluripotent genes such as OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG and induced human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) apoptosis. The downregulation of BIRC5/BCL2 and upregulation of BAX were related to apoptosis of hESCs induced by BDE-209 exposure. A mechanism study showed that OCT4 down-regulation accompanied by OCT4 promoter hypermethylation and increasing miR-145/miR-335 levels, OCT4 inhibitors. Moreover, BDE-209 could increase the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decrease SOD2 expression. The ROS increase and OCT4 downregulation after BDE-209 exposure could be reversed partly by antioxidant N-acetylcysteine supplement. These findings showed that BDE-209 exposure could decrease pluripotent genes expression via epigenetic regulation and induce apoptosis through ROS generation in human embryonic stem cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of, China.,Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, People's Republic of, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of, China
| | - Huili Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of, China
| | - Dunjin Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of, China.,Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, People's Republic of, China
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Association between Several Persistent Organic Pollutants and Thyroid Hormone Levels in Cord Blood Serum and Bloodspot of the Newborn Infants of Korea. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125213. [PMID: 25965908 PMCID: PMC4429016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Current knowledge on adverse endocrine disruption effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) among newborn infants is limited and often controversial. To investigate the associations between prenatal exposure to major POPs and thyroid hormone levels among newborn infants, both cord serum or maternal serum concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were compared with five thyroid hormones in cord serum of newborn infants as well as TSH in bloodspot collected at 2 day after birth (n=104). Since cord serum thyroid hormones could be affected by those of mothers, thyroid hormone concentrations of the matching mothers at delivery were adjusted. In cord serum, BDE-47, -99, and Σchlordane (CHD) showed significant positive associations with cord or bloodspot TSH. At the same time, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) and hexachlorbenzene (HCB) showed negative associations with total T3 and total T4 in cord serum, respectively. Maternal exposure to β-hexachlorhexane (β-HCH), ΣCHD, ΣDDT, or p,p'-DDE were also associated with neonatal thyroid hormones. Although the sample size is small and the thyroid hormone levels of the subjects were within the reference range, our observation supports thyroid disrupting potential of several POPs among newborn infants, at the levels occurring in the general population. Considering the importance of thyroid hormones during gestation and early life stages, health implication of thyroid hormone effects by low level POPs exposure deserves further follow up investigations.
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Du P, Li Z, Du L, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Sun W, Xiao X, He Y, Sun B, Yu Y, Chen D. The effects of PBDE-209 exposure during pregnancy on placental ET-1 and eNOS expression and the birth weight of offspring. Int J Dev Neurosci 2015; 43:86-91. [PMID: 25824818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Decabrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE-209) is a persistent organic pollutant. Gestational exposure to PBDE-209 can accumulate in pregnant women and fetuses via the placenta and umbilical cord, affecting perinatal outcome. In this study, pregnant Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into five groups and intragastrically administered peanut oil (vehicle) 1, 5 and 10mg/kg by body weight (b.w.) of PBDE-209, or nothing (control) from day 0 (G0) to day 21 (G21) gestation, respectively. Placental samples were collected on G21 by cesarean section. The mRNA and protein expressions of ET-1, eNOS and iNOS in the placenta were examined using qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Total nitric oxide (NO) in the placenta was measured using a specific ELISA kit. Compared with the control and vehicle groups, the mRNA expression of ET-1 and iNOS in the placenta was gradually and significantly increased after exposure to increasing concentrations of PBDE-209 (P<0.05), while the mRNA level of eNOS in the placenta was gradually and significantly reduced after exposure to increasing concentrations of PBDE-209 (P<0.05). The expression trends of ET-1, eNOS and iNOS proteins were consistent with those of mRNA expression. Interestingly, the production of total NO was significantly increased after exposure to 5 and 10mg/kg b.w. PBDE-209 (P<0.05). Finally, the birth weight of the offspring rats was significantly reduced after maternal exposure to 5 and 10 mg/kg b.w. PBDE-209 compared with the control and vehicle groups (P<0.05). These results suggest that PBDE-209 exposure during pregnancy upregulates ET-1 and iNOS expression, but decreases eNOS expression in the placenta, as well as reduces the birth weight of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peili Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Lili Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Huili Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Yanmei Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Yutian He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Yanhong Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nan Fang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Dunjin Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510150, China.
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de Cock M, de Boer MR, Lamoree M, Legler J, van de Bor M. Prenatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals in relation to thyroid hormone levels in infants - a Dutch prospective cohort study. Environ Health 2014; 13:106. [PMID: 25495114 PMCID: PMC4293007 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-13-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) present in the environment may disrupt thyroid hormones, which in early life are essential for brain development. Observational studies regarding this topic are still limited, however as the presence of chemicals in the environment is ubiquitous, further research is warranted. The objective of the current study was to assess the association between exposure markers of various EDCs and thyroxine (T4) levels in newborns in a mother-child cohort in the Netherlands. METHODS Exposure to dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), three di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) metabolites, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-153, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was determined in cord plasma or breast milk, and information on T4 levels in heel prick blood spots was obtained through the neonatal screening programme in the Netherlands. Linear regression models were composed to determine associations between each of the compounds and T4, which were stratified for gender and adjusted for a priori defined covariates. RESULTS Mean T4 level was 86.9 nmol/L (n = 83). Girls in the highest quartile of DDE and PFOA exposure showed an increased T4 level compared to the lowest quartile with both crude and fully adjusted models (DDE > 107.50 ng/L, +24.8 nmol/L, 95% CI 0.79, 48.75; PFOA > 1200 ng/L, +38.6 nmol/L, 95% CI 13.34, 63.83). In boys a lower T4 level was seen in the second quartile of exposure for both PFOS and PFOA, however after fully adjusting the models these associations were attenuated. No effects were observed for the other compounds. CONCLUSION DDE and perfluorinated alkyl acids may be associated with T4 in a sex-specific manner. These results should however be interpreted with caution, due to the relatively small study population. More research is warranted, as studies on the role of environmental contaminants in this area are still limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke de Cock
- />Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, Section Health and Life Sciences, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel R de Boer
- />Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, Section Health and Life Sciences, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marja Lamoree
- />Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juliette Legler
- />Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margot van de Bor
- />Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, Section Health and Life Sciences, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Miyaso H, Nakamura N, Naito M, Hirai S, Matsuno Y, Itoh M, Mori C. Early postnatal exposure to a low dose of decabromodiphenyl ether affects expression of androgen and thyroid hormone receptor-alpha and its splicing variants in mouse Sertoli cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114487. [PMID: 25479311 PMCID: PMC4257688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Decabromodiphenyl ether (decaBDE) adversely affects reproduction and development. Our previous study showed that postnatal exposure to a low dose of decaBDE (0.025 mg/kg body weight/day) by subcutaneous injection on postnatal days (PNDs) 1 through 5 leads to reductions in testicular size and number of Sertoli cells and sperm, while higher dose of decaBDE (2.5 mg/kg body weight/day) had no significant differences about these. In the present study, we examined the molecular mechanism of these effects on mouse testes following postnatal exposure to a low decaBDE dose. We hypothesized that postnatal exposure to decaBDE may alter levels of serum thyroid hormones (THs) and testosterone, or the level of TH receptor alpha (Thra) transcripts and its splicing variants and androgen receptor (Ar) in Sertoli cells, adversely affecting spermatogenesis. To test this hypothesis, we examined serum TH and testosterone levels and the levels of transcripts of the Ar, Thra and its splicing variants, and Thra splicing factors (Hnrnpa1, Srsf1, and Hnrnph1) with qPCR in isolated mouse Sertoli cells exposed postnatally to decaBDE (0.025, 0.25, and 2.5 mg/kg). Levels of serum testosterone and transcripts encoding Ar, Thra, and its variant, Thra1, declined significantly in Sertoli cells of mice exposed to 0.025 mg decaBDE/kg. No significant differences in serum TH level or Thra2, Hnrnph1, or Srsf1 transcript levels were observed between control and decaBDE-exposed mice. However, the Thra1:Thra2 and Hnrnpa1:Srsf1 ratios were altered in Sertoli cells of mice exposed to 0.025 mg decaBDE/kg but not in cells exposed to 0.25 or 2.5 mg decaBDE/kg. These results indicate that postnatal exposure to a low dose of decaBDE on PNDs 1 through 5 lowers the testosterone level and the levels of Ar and Thra transcripts in Sertoli cells, accompanied by an imbalance in the ratios of Thra splicing variants, resulting in smaller testicular size and impaired spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenobu Miyaso
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Noriko Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Marshall University, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, United States of America
| | - Munekazu Naito
- Department of Anatomy, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hirai
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuno
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Itoh
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chisato Mori
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Kim YR, Harden FA, Toms LML, Norman RE. Health consequences of exposure to brominated flame retardants: a systematic review. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 106:1-19. [PMID: 24529398 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brominated flame retardants (BFRs), are chemicals widely used in consumer products including electronics, vehicles, plastics and textiles to reduce flammability. Experimental animal studies have confirmed that these compounds may interfere with thyroid hormone homeostasis and neurodevelopment but to date health effects in humans have not been systematically examined. OBJECTIVES To conduct a systematic review of studies on the health impacts of exposure to BFRs in humans, with a particular focus on children. METHODS A systematic review was conducted using the MEDLINE and EMBASE electronic databases up to 1 February 2012. Published cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies exploring the relationship between BFR exposure and various health outcomes were included. RESULTS In total, 36 epidemiological studies meeting the pre-determined inclusion criteria were included. Plausible outcomes associated with BFR exposure include diabetes, neurobehavioral and developmental disorders, cancer, reproductive health effects and alteration in thyroid function. Evidence for a causal relationship between exposure to BFRs and health outcomes was evaluated within the Bradford Hill framework. CONCLUSION Although there is suggestive evidence that exposure to BFRs is harmful to health, further epidemiological investigations particularly among children, and long-term monitoring and surveillance of chemical impacts on humans are required to confirm these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ran Kim
- The University of Queensland, School of Population Health, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Fiona A Harden
- Queensland University of Technology, School of Clinical Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, George St., Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Leisa-Maree L Toms
- Queensland University of Technology, School of Clinical Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, George St., Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Rosana E Norman
- The University of Queensland, School of Population Health, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; The University of Queensland, Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
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43
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Reverte I, Pujol A, Domingo JL, Colomina MT. Thyroid hormones and fear learning but not anxiety are affected in adult apoE transgenic mice exposed postnatally to decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209). Physiol Behav 2014; 133:81-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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44
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Fujimoto H, Woo GH, Morita R, Itahashi M, Akane H, Nishikawa A, Shibutani M. Increased cellular distribution of vimentin and ret in the cingulum of rat offspring after developmental exposure to decabromodiphenyl ether or 1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclododecane. J Toxicol Pathol 2013; 26:119-29. [PMID: 23914054 PMCID: PMC3695334 DOI: 10.1293/tox.26.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract: To determine effects of developmental exposure to brominated flame
retardants (BFRs), weak thyroid hormone disruptors, on white matter development, white
matter-specific global gene expression analysis was performed using microdissection
techniques and microarrays in male rats exposed maternally to decabromodiphenyl ether
(DBDE), one of the representative BFRs, at 10, 100 or 1000 ppm. Based on previous gene
expression profiles of developmental hypothyroidism and DBDE-exposed cases,
vimentin+ immature astrocytes and ret proto-oncogene (Ret)+
oligodendrocytes were immunohistochemically examined after developmental exposure to
representative BFRs, i.e., DBDE, 1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD; 100, 1000 or
10,000 ppm) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA; 100, 1000 or 10,000 ppm).
Vimentin+ and Ret+ cell populations increased at ≥ 100 ppm and ≥
10 ppm DBDE, respectively. Vimentin+ and Ret+ cells increased at ≥
1000 ppm HBCD, with no effect of TBBPA. The highest dose of DBDE and HBCD revealed subtle
fluctuations in serum thyroid-related hormone concentrations. Thus, DBDE and HBCD may
exert direct effects on glial cell development at ≥ middle doses. At high doses,
hypothyroidism may additionally be an inducing mechanism, although its contribution is
rather minor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Fujimoto
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
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45
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Xie X, Qian Y, Wu Y, Yin J, Zhai J. Effects of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) on the avoidance response, survival, growth and reproduction of earthworms (Eisenia fetida). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 90:21-27. [PMID: 23312040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The effects of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) on avoidance response, survival, growth, and reproduction of earthworms (Eisenia fetida) were investigated under laboratory conditions using natural and artificial soils as substrate. Results showed that no significant avoidance response was observed when earthworms were exposed to 0.1-1000 mg/kg of BDE-209 for 48 h. After 28-days exposure, no significant effects on survival and growth of adult earthworms was induced by 0.1-1000 mg/kg of BDE-209 indicating the Lowest Observed Effect Level (LOEL) of BDE-209 on their survival and body weight was more than 1000 mg/kg. Except for a significant decrease in the number of juveniles per hatched cocoon in artificial soils at 1000 mg/kg of BDE-209, no significant effects on reproductive parameters (e.g. cocoon production per earthworms, weight per cocoon and cocoon hatchability) were observed. These results suggest that adult earthworms have a strong tolerance for BDE-209 exposure in soils, but a potential toxicity does exist for earthworm embryos or juveniles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianchuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Center for Hydrosciences Research, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China.
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Miyaso H, Nakamura N, Matsuno Y, Kawashiro Y, Komiyama M, Mori C. Postnatal exposure to low-dose decabromodiphenyl ether adversely affects mouse testes by increasing thyrosine phosphorylation level of cortactin. J Toxicol Sci 2013; 37:987-99. [PMID: 23038006 DOI: 10.2131/jts.37.987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Decabromodiphenyl ether (decaBDE) is a brominated flame retardant used in many commercial products such as televisions, computers, and textiles. Recent reports indicate that decaBDE adversely affects male reproductive organs in mice, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. We hypothesized that decaBDE affects mouse testes by altering the expression and phosphorylation level of cortactin (CTTN), an F-actin-binding protein that is similar to flutamide, and we performed western blot analyses on testicular samples from mice subcutaneously injected with decaBDE (0.025, 0.25, and 2.5 mg/kg body weight/day) on postnatal days 1 to 5. Mice treated with low-dose decaBDE (0.025 mg/kg) showed reduced testicular weight, sperm count, elongated spermatid and Sertoli cell numbers, as well as induced Tyr phosphorylation of CTTN and reduced the expression level of p60 Src tyrosine kinase (SRC). Further, 0.25 and 2.5 mg/kg decaBDE-exposed groups produced an decrease the expression level of CTTN. High-dose decaBDE (2.5 mg/kg) showed increased abnormal germ cells, as well as induced Ser phosphorylation of CTTN and activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2); however, high-dose decaBDE did not affect testicular weight and sperm count. These findings suggest that postnatal exposure to low-dose decaBDE inhibits mouse testicular development by increasing Tyr phosphorylation of CTTN, although different mechanisms may be involved depending on the dose of decaBDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenobu Miyaso
- Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-Shi, Chiba, Japan
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47
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Johnson PI, Altshul L, Cramer DW, Missmer SA, Hauser R, Meeker JD. Serum and follicular fluid concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and in-vitro fertilization outcome. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2012; 45:9-14. [PMID: 22572111 PMCID: PMC3366013 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence of endocrine disruption and reproductive effects in animals following exposure to certain PBDEs, but human studies are limited. The goal of this study was to investigate the use of serum and follicular fluid as biomarkers of exposure to PBDEs and to explore whether a relationship between PBDE exposure and early pregnancy loss exists. We measured 8 PBDE congeners in archived serum and ovarian follicular fluid samples from 65 women undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF). Logistic regression models were used to predict the odds of failed embryo implantation associated with higher levels of PBDEs among the women in the study. There were moderate Kendall's Tau-beta correlations between serum and follicular fluid concentrations of BDE 28, 47, 100 and 154 (T(β)=0.29-0.38, all p-values<0.005), but BDE 99 and 153 were not correlated between the two matrices (T(β)<0.2, p-values>0.05). Women with detectable concentrations of BDE 153 (39% had detectable levels) in follicular fluid had elevated odds of failed implantation compared with women who had non-detectable concentrations (adjusted OR=10.0; 95%CI: 1.9 to 52; p=0.006; adjusted by age and body mass index). These findings suggest that exposure to BDE 153 may be associated with failed embryo implantation. Due to our observation of only moderate correlations between matrices, serum PBDE concentrations may not be a good indicator of follicular fluid concentrations when studying early pregnancy endpoints in women undergoing IVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula I. Johnson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Larisa Altshul
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Environmental Health and Engineering, Inc., 117 Fourth Avenue, Needham, MA 02494 USA
| | - Daniel W. Cramer
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Stacey A. Missmer
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - John D. Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
- Corresponding author. Tel.: 734-764-7184; fax: 734-763-8095,
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Cui C, Tian Y, Zhang L, Gao Y, Jin J, Wang P, Ding W, Wang X, Shi R, Wang Y. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers exposure in breast milk in Shanghai, China: levels, influencing factors and potential health risk for infants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 433:331-5. [PMID: 22819883 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) is increasing annually in China. Although several studies have reported significant contamination by these compounds in biological samples in China, little is known about the factors that may influence the levels of exposure and the potential health risk for infants. We investigated PBDE exposure levels in breast milk, its influencing factors and the potential health risk for infants in Shanghai, China by enrolling 48 healthy women between September 2006 and April 2007. PBDE exposure was assessed by analyses of seven PBDE congeners in breast milk. The estimated daily intake of PBDEs by infants via breastfeeding was determined for evaluating the potential health risk for infants. The median (range) of total PBDE content in breast milk was 8.81 (1.92-41.55) ng/g lipid. 34 (71%) of the 48 samples tested positive for all seven congeners. Maternal education level and household monthly salary were positively associated with PBDE concentration in breast milk (r=0.337, p=0.019 and r=0.436, p=0.004, respectively). The median of estimated daily intake of BDE-99 (6.67 ng/kg/day) by infants via breastfeeding was below the human no adverse effect level (NAEL) set for BDE-99 for neurodevelopmental toxicity (18.8 ng/kg/day). However, 3 (6%) of the samples exceeded the human NAEL. Taking the high detection rate of PBDEs in breast milk together with 6% of their EDI higher than NAEL in Shanghai, more studies on the effects of maternal PBDE exposure on fetal growth and child neurodevelopment are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Cui
- Department of Environmental Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Boas M, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Main KM. Thyroid effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 355:240-8. [PMID: 21939731 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 428] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 05/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, many studies of thyroid-disrupting effects of environmental chemicals have been published. Of special concern is the exposure of pregnant women and infants, as thyroid disruption of the developing organism may have deleterious effects on neurological outcome. Chemicals may exert thyroid effects through a variety of mechanisms of action, and some animal experiments and in vitro studies have focused on elucidating the mode of action of specific chemical compounds. Long-term human studies on effects of environmental chemicals on thyroid related outcomes such as growth and development are still lacking. The human exposure scenario with life long exposure to a vast mixture of chemicals in low doses and the large physiological variation in thyroid hormone levels between individuals render human studies very difficult. However, there is now reasonably firm evidence that PCBs have thyroid-disrupting effects, and there is emerging evidence that also phthalates, bisphenol A, brominated flame retardants and perfluorinated chemicals may have thyroid disrupting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malene Boas
- Department of Growth and Reproduction GR, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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50
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Chen Q, Yu L, Yang L, Zhou B. Bioconcentration and metabolism of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) result in thyroid endocrine disruption in zebrafish larvae. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 110-111:141-148. [PMID: 22307006 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have the potential to disturb the thyroid endocrine system, but little is known of such effects or underlying mechanisms of BDE-209 in fish. In the present study, bioconcentration and metabolism of BDE-209 were investigated in zebrafish embryos exposed at concentrations of 0, 0.08, 0.38 and 1.92 mg/L in water until 14 days post-fertilization (dpf). Chemical analysis revealed that BDE-209 was accumulated in zebrafish larvae, while also metabolic products were detected, including octa- and nona-BDEs, with nona-BDEs being predominant. The exposure resulted in alterations of both triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels, indicating thyroid endocrine disruption. Gene transcription in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis was further examined, and the results showed that the genes encoding corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSHβ) were transcriptionally significantly up-regulated. Genes involved in thyroid development (Pax8 and Nkx2.1) and synthesis (sodium/iodide symporter, NIS, thyroglobulin, TG) were also transcriptionally up-regulated. Up-regulation of mRNA for thyronine deiodinase (Dio1 and Dio2) and thyroid hormone receptors (TRα and TRβ) was also observed. However, the genes encoding proteins involved in TH transport (transthyretin, TTR) and metabolism (uridinediphosphate-glucuronosyl-transferase, UGT1ab) were transcriptionally significantly down-regulated. Furthermore, protein synthesis of TG was significantly up-regulated, while that of TTR was significantly reduced. These results suggest that the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis can be evaluated to determine thyroid endocrine disruption by BDE-209 in developing zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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