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Zergui A, Kerdoun MA, Boudalia S. Trace elements in tea in Ouargla, Algeria and health risk assessment. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS. PART B, SURVEILLANCE 2024; 17:110-121. [PMID: 38264900 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2024.2304233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Tea is one of the most common drinks, consumed for its pleasant flavour and several medicinal values. The present study aimed to determine the levels of trace elements in tea products marketed in the Saharan region of Ouargla, Algeria and to evaluate the health risks associated with its regular consumption in adults and infants. To this aim, 78 tea samples were analysed by Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry. Tea samples appeared to be contaminated by lead (0.73 ± 0.08 µg g-1) and aluminium (0.22 ± 0.02 µg g-1). Cadmium, arsenic, mercury, cobalt, manganese, nickel, chromium, zinc and copper were also detected. General linear model analysis indicated that black tea samples were the most contaminated. Tea samples packed in tea bags were the most contaminated with arsenic, aluminium and manganese. The hazard index was 0.28 and 1.33 for adults and for infants, respectively, indicating adverse non-carcinogenic effects in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Zergui
- National Center of Toxicology, annex of Ouargla, Ouargla, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Amine Kerdoun
- Unit of Toxicology, Central Laboratory, Mohamed Boudiaf Public Hospital, Ouargla, Algeria
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kasdi Merbah University, Ouargla, Algeria
| | - Sofiane Boudalia
- Département d'Écologie et Génie de l'Environnement, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, Guelma, Algeria
- Laboratoire de Biologie, Eau et Environnement, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, Guelma, Algeria
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Sousa AC, Pádua I, Gonçalves VM, Ribeiro C, Leal S. Exploring tea and herbal infusions consumption patterns and behaviours: The case of Portuguese consumers. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28779. [PMID: 38601558 PMCID: PMC11004536 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Consumption of tea and herbal infusions (THIs) have a long history in traditional medicine and cultural practices. The health-promoting benefits attributed to THIs are considered influential factors in consumer choices. However, there is limited data on consumer choices and attitudes that might interfere with the positive effects associated with THIs consumption. The aim of this study was to investigate the consumption pattern and behavior of THIs consumers in Portugal, assessing the influence of socio-demographic factors on the selection of THIs products and consumer practices related to these beverages. An online survey was conducted, and from the collected data, 720 responses met the aim of the study and were further analyzed. Most of the respondents were female, 74.4%, belonging to the 40-60 age group (40.6%) and were medium consumers of THIs (47.2%). Green tea was the most consumed type among participants, and its consumption was associated not only with age but also with the pattern of THIs consumption. Despite that, participants preferred herbal infusions, with citronella, chamomile, and lemon verbena being the most consumed types. For certain types of herbal infusions, consumption was associated with age, while other types were preferred by moderate or heavy consumers. Most participants purchased THIs in supermarkets, registered trademark and brand stores, in the form of THIs bag. Light consumers use only bag, while medium/heavy consumers indicated the use of other forms. Almost half of the respondents admitted to not reading the information on product labels before consumption and using THIs after the expiry date, while only one-third of them declared paying attention to the label instructions. This study revealed the impact of socio-demographic factors as age on the consumption patterns and preferences of THIs of consumers. Of concern is the neglect of label usage among Portuguese consumers. This emphasizes the urgency of implementing interventions to guide proper label use and promote good consumption practices to ensure the quality of THIs products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Sousa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences - CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Toxicologic Pathology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Inês Pádua
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences - CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Virgínia M.F. Gonçalves
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences - CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal
- UNIPRO - Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Ribeiro
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences - CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Leal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences - CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Toxicologic Pathology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal
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Wu Z, Jiao M, Shu C, Li C, Zhu Y. Tea intake and lung diseases: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1328933. [PMID: 38375474 PMCID: PMC10875148 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1328933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Existing studies on the relationship between tea intake and lung diseases have yielded inconsistent results, leading to an ongoing dispute on this issue. The impact of tea consumption on the respiratory system remained elucidating. Materials and methods We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to evaluate the associations between five distinct tea intake phenotypes and 15 different respiratory outcomes using open Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) was used for preliminary screening and a variety of complementary methods were used as sensitivity analysis to validate the robustness of MR estimates. Pathway enrichment analysis was used to explore possible mechanisms. Results IVW found evidence for a causal effect of standard tea intake on an increased risk of lung squamous cell cancer (LSCC) (OR = 1.004; 95% CI = 1.001-1.007; P = 0.00299). No heterogeneity or pleiotropy was detected. After adjustment for potential mediators, including smoking, educational attainment, and time spent watching television, the association was still robust in multivariable MR. KEGG and GO enrichment predicted proliferation and activation of B lymphocytes may play a role in this causal relation. No causalities were observed when evaluating the effect of other kinds of tea intake on various pulmonary diseases. Conclusion Our MR estimates provide causal evidence of the independent effect of standard tea intake (black tea intake) on LSCC, which may be mediated by B lymphocytes. The results implied that the population preferring black tea intake should be wary of a higher risk of LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyan Wu
- Department of Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Min Jiao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chenying Shu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chongzhou People's Hospital, Chongzhou, China
| | - Yehan Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Revilla I, Hernández Jiménez M, Martínez-Martín I, Valderrama P, Rodríguez-Fernández M, Vivar-Quintana AM. The Potential Use of Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) to Determine the Heavy Metals and the Percentage of Blends in Tea. Foods 2024; 13:450. [PMID: 38338587 PMCID: PMC10855971 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The following study analyzed the potential of Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict the metal composition (Al, Pb, As, Hg and Cu) of tea and for establishing discriminant models for pure teas (green, red, and black) and their different blends. A total of 322 samples of pure black, red, and green teas and binary blends were analyzed. The results showed that pure red teas had the highest content of As and Pb, green teas were the only ones containing Hg, and black teas showed higher levels of Cu. NIRS allowed to predict the content of Al, Pb, As, Hg, and Cu with ratio performance deviation values > 3 for all of them. Additionally, it was possible to discriminate pure samples from their respective blends with an accuracy of 98.3% in calibration and 92.3% in validation. However, when the samples were discriminated according to the percentage of blending (>95%, 95-85%, 85-75%, or 75-50% of pure tea) 100% of the samples of 10 out of 12 groups were correctly classified in calibration, but only the groups with a level of pure tea of >95% showed 100% of the samples as being correctly classified as to validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Revilla
- Food Technology, Universidad de Salamanca, E.P.S. de Zamora, Avenida Requejo 33, 49022 Zamora, Spain; (I.R.); (M.H.J.); (I.M.-M.)
| | - Miriam Hernández Jiménez
- Food Technology, Universidad de Salamanca, E.P.S. de Zamora, Avenida Requejo 33, 49022 Zamora, Spain; (I.R.); (M.H.J.); (I.M.-M.)
| | - Iván Martínez-Martín
- Food Technology, Universidad de Salamanca, E.P.S. de Zamora, Avenida Requejo 33, 49022 Zamora, Spain; (I.R.); (M.H.J.); (I.M.-M.)
| | - Patricia Valderrama
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Via Rosalina Maria dos Santos 1233, Campo Mourão 87301-899, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Fernández
- Food Technology, Universidad de Salamanca, E.P.S. de Zamora, Avenida Requejo 33, 49022 Zamora, Spain; (I.R.); (M.H.J.); (I.M.-M.)
| | - Ana M. Vivar-Quintana
- Food Technology, Universidad de Salamanca, E.P.S. de Zamora, Avenida Requejo 33, 49022 Zamora, Spain; (I.R.); (M.H.J.); (I.M.-M.)
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Xiao Q, Li X, Xu S, Chen X, Xu Y, Lu Y, Liu L, Lin L, Ma H, Lu S. Neonicotinoids in tea leaves and infusions from China: Implications for human exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:166114. [PMID: 37567284 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The ingestion of contaminated tea involves the risk of human exposure to residues of neonicotinoids (NEOs). Nevertheless, there is little empirical research about this topic; to bridge the current knowledge gap, we collected 220 samples of various tea products from four geographical areas in China, including unfermented green tea, semi-fermented white tea and oolong tea, completely fermented black tea, and post-fermented dark tea. A total of six NEOs were detected from the tea leaves and infusions, namely, dinotefuran (DIN), thiamethoxam (THM), clothianidin (CLO), imidacloprid (IMI), acetamiprid (ACE), and thiacloprid (THI). The detection frequencies (DFs) and concentrations of all target NEOs were relatively high across the investigated tea samples, and the DIN, IMI and ACE residues measured in some samples exceeded the maximum residue level (MRL) standards for the European Union. Samples representing the Jiangnan area exhibited greater levels of total target NEOs (∑6NEOs) than samples representing the Jiangbei area (p < 0.001). Moreover, dark tea samples were found to have far higher levels of NEO residues than green (p < 0.001), white (p < 0.05), or oolong (p < 0.001) samples. The health risks associated with exposure to NEO residues via tea were small for both children and adults in terms of acute, chronic, and cumulative dietary exposure risk assessments. The transfer rates (TRs) of NEOs observed in white, black, and dark tea infusions gradually decreased after the third brewing time. As such, it is recommended to only consume tea that has been brewed at least three times. The presented results not only describe the extent of NEO contamination in Chinese tea leaves and infusions, but also provide tea drinking guidelines for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinru Xiao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Shuyang Xu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Ying Xu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Langyan Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Liyun Lin
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521000, China.
| | - Huimin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shaoyou Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
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Qiu T, Zhang H, Lei H, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Shen X, Xu B, Zhu J, Xiao W, Zheng J, Chen J. Preparation of Anti-Zearalenone IgY and Development of an Indirect Competitive ELISA Method for the Measurement of Zearalenone in Post-Fermented Tea. Foods 2023; 12:4478. [PMID: 38137282 PMCID: PMC10742412 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-fermented tea (PFT) is one of the most commonly consumed beverages worldwide. Rapid microbial growth and significant changes in the microbial composition of PFT during processing and storage pose a potential risk of contamination with mycotoxins such as zearalenone (ZEN). Screening for ZEN contamination in a simple, rapid, and inexpensive manner is required to ensure that PFT is safe for consumption. To monitor ZEN in PFT, ZEN was conjugated with bovine serum albumin to prepare egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgY). A specific indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) based on IgY was developed and validated. ZEN was extracted with acetonitrile and water (50:50, v/v) containing 5% acetic acid and purified using a mixture of primary and secondary amines and graphitized carbon black to remove matrix interference from the PFT samples. Under optimal conditions, the linear range of this assay was 13.8-508.9 ng mL-1, the limit of detection was 9.3 ng mL-1, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration was 83.8 ng mL-1. Cross-reactivity was negligible, and the assay was specific for ZEN-related molecules. The recovery rate of ZEN in the control blanks of PFT samples spiked with a defined concentration of ZEN of 89.5% to 98.0%. The recovery and accuracy of the method were qualified for PFT matrices. No significant differences were evident between the results of the actual PFT samples analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and ic-ELISA. The collective data indicate that the developed ic-ELISA can be used for the rapid and simple detection of ZEN in PFT products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Qiu
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; (T.Q.); (H.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.X.); (J.Z.); (W.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Huayi Zhang
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; (T.Q.); (H.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.X.); (J.Z.); (W.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Hongtao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.S.)
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; (T.Q.); (H.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.X.); (J.Z.); (W.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yaqiong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.S.)
| | - Xing Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.S.)
| | - Biyun Xu
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; (T.Q.); (H.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.X.); (J.Z.); (W.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jialin Zhu
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; (T.Q.); (H.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.X.); (J.Z.); (W.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Wentao Xiao
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; (T.Q.); (H.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.X.); (J.Z.); (W.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jixu Zheng
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; (T.Q.); (H.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.X.); (J.Z.); (W.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiahong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.S.)
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7
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Wu X, Xie Y, Tong K, Chang Q, Hu X, Fan C, Chen H. Simultaneous Screening and Quantification of 479 Pesticides in Green Tea by LC-QTOF-MS. Foods 2023; 12:4177. [PMID: 38002237 PMCID: PMC10670754 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A high-throughput screening and quantification method for 479 pesticides in green tea was established based on solid-phase extraction combined with liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS). Pesticides were extracted from samples using an optimized SPE (TPT cartridges) procedure. LC-QTOF-MS in All Ions MS/MS scan mode acquired full MS data for quantification and product ion spectra for identification. LC-QTOF-MS quantification was achieved using matrix-matched standard calibration curves to achieve the optimal method accuracy. The method performance characteristics included the linearity, overall recovery, precision, and measurement uncertainty being evaluated. The validation results exhibited a good sensitivity with the LOQs of 5-55 µg/kg, which was satisfactory for their MRLs in China or the EU. The recoveries of more than 92.7% of the 479 pesticides in green tea were 70-120% at the three spiked levels with a precision of ≤20%. Finally, this method was employed to analyze 479 pesticides in 95 tea samples from markets in China. The test results of the tea samples showed that tolfenpyrad, buprofezin, and pyridaben were found with lower concentrations. The method has effectively improved the determination efficiency of pesticide residue screening by high-resolution mass spectrometry in green tea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hui Chen
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, No. 11, Ronghua South Road, Beijing 100176, China; (X.W.); (Y.X.); (K.T.); (Q.C.); (X.H.); (C.F.)
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Dao Y, Yu J, Yang M, Han J, Fan C, Pang X. DNA Metabarcoding Reveals the Fungal Community on the Surface of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, an Edible and Medicinal Herb. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15081. [PMID: 37894762 PMCID: PMC10606453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (LJF) has been globally applied as an herbal medicine and tea. A number of reports recently revealed fungal and mycotoxin contamination in medicinal herbs. It is essential to analyze the fungal community in LJF to provide an early warning for supervision. In this study, the fungal community in LJF samples was identified through DNA metabarcoding. A total of 18 LJF samples were collected and divided based on the collection areas and processing methods. The results indicated that Ascomycota was the dominant phylum. At the genus level, Rhizopus was the most abundant, followed by Erysiphe and Fusarium. Ten pathogenic fungi were detected among the 41 identified species. Moreover, Rhizopus, Fusarium, and Aspergillus had lower relative abundances in LJF samples under oven drying than under other processing methods. This work is expected to provide comprehensive knowledge of the fungal community in LJF and a theoretical reference for enhanced processing methods in practical manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaohui Pang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.D.); (J.Y.); (M.Y.); (J.H.); (C.F.)
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Qiu T, Zhu J, Zhang H, Xu B, Guo Y, Li J, Xu X, Peng F, Liu W, Zhao S, Yin Z, Mao S. B-Type Fumonisins in Post-Fermented Tea: Occurrence and Consumer Dietary Exposure in Guangxi, China. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:534. [PMID: 37755960 PMCID: PMC10536045 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15090534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-fermented tea (PFT), a commonly consumed beverage worldwide, is characterized by the rapid growth of its microbial groups and the substantial changes they undergo. Consequently, PFT may contain mycotoxins such as B-type fumonisins (FBs). This study aimed to assess the intake of FBs through the consumption of PFT among consumers in Guangxi, China. A novel quantitative method using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine the FB concentration in PFT products. Additionally, a PFT consumption survey was conducted using a face-to-face questionnaire, recording their body weight and PFT consumption patterns based on a three-day dietary recall method. Finally, hazard index was calculated to estimate the health risk of FBs from the consumption of PFT products in Guangxi. The results revealed that the occurrence of FBs in PFT was 20% (24/120), with a concentration ranging from 2.14 to 18.28 μg/kg. The results of the survey showed that the average daily consumption of PFT by consumers was 9.19 ± 11.14 g. The deterministic risk assessment revealed that only 0.026% of the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake of FBs was consumed through PFT, indicating that FB contamination in PFT is not a public health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Qiu
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; (T.Q.); (S.Z.)
| | - Jialin Zhu
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; (T.Q.); (S.Z.)
| | - Huayi Zhang
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; (T.Q.); (S.Z.)
| | - Biyun Xu
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; (T.Q.); (S.Z.)
| | - Yanju Guo
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; (T.Q.); (S.Z.)
| | - Jingrong Li
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; (T.Q.); (S.Z.)
| | - Xin Xu
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; (T.Q.); (S.Z.)
| | - Fenglin Peng
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; (T.Q.); (S.Z.)
| | - Weiguo Liu
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; (T.Q.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shengmei Zhao
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; (T.Q.); (S.Z.)
| | - Zuocheng Yin
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; (T.Q.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shihong Mao
- College of Tourism & Landscape Architecture, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China
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10
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Miao S, Wei Y, Pan Y, Wang Y, Wei X. Detection methods, migration patterns, and health effects of pesticide residues in tea. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:2945-2976. [PMID: 37166996 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to its rich health benefits and unique cultural charm, tea drinking is increasingly popular with the public in modern society. The safety of tea is the top priority that affects the development of tea industry and the health of consumers. During the process of tea growth, pesticides are used to prevent the invasion of pests and diseases with maintaining high quality and stable yield. Because hot water brewing is the traditional way of tea consumption, water is the main carrier for pesticide residues in tea into human body accompanied by potential risks. In this review, pesticides used in tea gardens are divided into two categories according to their solubility, among which water-soluble pesticides pose a greater risk. We summarized the methods of the sample pretreatment and detection of pesticide residues and expounded the migration patterns and influencing factors of tea throughout the process of growth, processing, storage, and consumption. Moreover, the toxicity and safety of pesticide residues and diseases caused by human intake were analyzed. The risk assessment and traceability of pesticide residues in tea were carried out, and potential eco-friendly improvement strategies were proposed. The review is expected to provide a valuable reference for reducing risks of pesticide residues in tea and ensuring the safety of tea consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Miao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wei
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yi Pan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yuanfeng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xinlin Wei
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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11
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Rodrigues JF, Soares C, Moreira MM, Ramalhosa MJ, Duarte NF, Delerue-Matos C, Grosso C. Moringa oleifera Lam. Commercial Beverages: A Multifaceted Investigation of Consumer Perceptions, Sensory Analysis, and Bioactive Properties. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112253. [PMID: 37297497 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study employs a multidisciplinary approach to evaluate consumers' perceptions and acceptance of Moringa oleifera Lam. beverages, examining sensory attributes, chemical composition, and bioactivities. High-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) analyses revealed significant chemovariation in phenolic compositions among commercial moringa beverages. A soluble moringa powder drink exhibited the greatest concentrations of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, along with powerful antioxidant capacity powers assessed with ABTS•+, DPPH•, FRAP assays, •NO, and H2O2 scavenging activities. However, this sample was the least preferred and presented high Cd levels, exceeding WHO-acceptable values of 0.3 mg/kg. Sensory testing indicated that sweet and floral flavors contributed to beverages being liked, while green, grass, herbal flavors, sour, bitter, and precipitate presence were considered unfavorable sensory attributes. Health claims positively influenced acceptance, particularly among women. Consumers associated feelings of health, wellness, relaxation, and leisure with moringa beverages. During purchase, the most observed information included the ingredient list, health benefits, and type/flavor. These findings emphasize the importance of consumer awareness in reading labels, verifying product origins, and ensuring the absence of contaminants. By understanding consumer preferences and the impact of health claims, producers can better tailor M. oleifera beverages to meet consumer expectations while maintaining safety and quality standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Ferreira Rodrigues
- Departamento de Ciência dos Alimentos#x2014;DCA/UFLA, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Cristina Soares
- REQUIMTE/LAQV (Network of Chemistry and Technology/Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry), Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela M Moreira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV (Network of Chemistry and Technology/Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry), Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Ramalhosa
- REQUIMTE/LAQV (Network of Chemistry and Technology/Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry), Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Neimar Freitas Duarte
- Department of Agrarian Sciences, Federal Institute of Minas Gerais (IFMG-Santa Luzia), Santa Luzia 33115-390, Brazil
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV (Network of Chemistry and Technology/Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry), Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Clara Grosso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV (Network of Chemistry and Technology/Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry), Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
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12
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Plaskova A, Mlcek J. New insights of the application of water or ethanol-water plant extract rich in active compounds in food. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1118761. [PMID: 37057062 PMCID: PMC10086256 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1118761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are recognized as natural sources of antioxidants (e.g., polyphenols, flavonoids, vitamins, and other active compounds) that can be extracted by green solvents like water, ethanol, or their binary mixtures. Plant extracts are becoming more used as food additives in various food systems due to their antioxidant abilities. Their application in food increases the shelf life of products by preventing undesirable changes in nutritional and sensory properties, such as the formation off-flavors in lipid-rich food. This review summarizes the most recent literature about water or ethanol-water plant extracts used as flavors, colorings, and preservatives to fortify food and beverages. This study is performed with particular attention to describing the benefits of plant extract-fortified products such as meat, vegetable oils, biscuits, pastries, some beverages, yogurt, cheese, and other dairy products. Antioxidant-rich plant extracts can positively affect food safety by partially or fully replacing synthetic antioxidants, which have lately been linked to safety and health issues such as toxicological and carcinogenic consequences. On the other hand, the limitations and challenges of using the extract in food should be considered, like stability, level of purity, compatibility with matrix, price, sensory aspects like distinct taste, and others. In the future, continuous development and a tendency to use these natural extracts as food ingredients are expected, as indicated by the number of published works in this area, particularly in the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiri Mlcek
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Zlin, Czechia
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13
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Szternfeld P, Montalvo D, Broos J, Cheyns K, Joly L, Vanhee C. Pesticides, trace elements and pharmaceuticals in tea samples available in Belgian retail shops and the risk associated upon acute and chronic exposure. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS. PART B, SURVEILLANCE 2023; 16:58-68. [PMID: 36537161 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2022.2145617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the consumption of tea and herbal tea has gained more and more popularity across the globe, but the potential presence of chemical contaminants (e.g. pesticides, trace elements, synthetic drugs) may raise health concerns. This study analysed selected teas available in Belgian retail stores and performed a risk assessment for these samples. No chemical adulteration could be detected in dry tea material. More than 38% of the dry leaves samples contained at least one pesticide exceeding the maximal residue level (MRL) set by the EU. However, further risk assessment, based on the values of pesticide residues and the toxic trace elements encountered in the brew, demonstrate that the consumption of these teas will not give rise to health concerns. Nonetheless, attention should be given to the leaching potential of nickel from teas and the presence of arsenic in brews from algae containing teas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Szternfeld
- Department of Chemical & Physical Health Risks, Chemical & Physical Health Risks department, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Daniela Montalvo
- Department of Chemical and physical health risks, Laboratory of trace elements and nanomaterials, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Julie Broos
- Department of Chemical & Physical Health Risks, Chemical & Physical Health Risks department, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Karlien Cheyns
- Department of Chemical and physical health risks, Laboratory of trace elements and nanomaterials, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Laure Joly
- Department of Chemical & Physical Health Risks, Chemical & Physical Health Risks department, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Celine Vanhee
- Department of Chemical and physical health risks, Laboratory of medicines and health products, Brussels, Belgium
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14
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Prakasham K, Gurrani S, Shiea JT, Wu MT, Wu CF, Ku YJ, Tsai TY, Hua HT, Lin YJ, Huang PC, Andaluri G, Ponnusamy VK. Rapid Identification and Analysis of Ochratoxin-A in Food and Agricultural Soil Samples Using a Novel Semi-Automated In-Syringe Based Fast Mycotoxin Extraction (FaMEx) Technique Coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031442. [PMID: 36771116 PMCID: PMC9921652 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, a fast mycotoxin extraction (FaMEx) technique was developed for the rapid identification and quantification of carcinogenic ochratoxin-A (OTA) in food (coffee and tea) and agricultural soil samples using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) detection. The FaMEx technique advancement is based on two plastic syringes integrated setup for rapid extraction and its subsequent controlled clean-up process. In the extraction process, a 0.25-g sample and extraction solvent were added to the first syringe barrel for the vortex-based extraction. Then, the extraction syringe was connected to a clean-up syringe (pre-packed with C18, activated carbon, and MgSO4) with a syringe filter. Afterward, the whole set-up was placed in an automated programmable mechanical set-up for controlled elution. To enhance FaMEx technology performance, the various influencing sample pretreatment parameters were optimized. Furthermore, the developed FaMEx method indicated excellent linearity (0.9998 and 0.9996 for coffee/tea and soil) with highly sensitive detection (0.30 and 0.29 ng/mL for coffee/tea and soil) and quantification limits (1.0 and 0.96 for coffee/tea and soil), which is lower than the toxicity limit compliant with the European Union regulation for OTA (5 ng/g). The method showed acceptable relative recovery (84.48 to 100.59%) with <7.34% of relative standard deviation for evaluated real samples, and the matrix effects were calculated as <-13.77% for coffee/tea and -9.7 for soil samples. The obtained results revealed that the developed semi-automated FaMEx/UHPLC-MS/MS technique is easy, fast, low-cost, sensitive, and precise for mycotoxin detection in food and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Prakasham
- PhD Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine & Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Swapnil Gurrani
- PhD Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine & Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Taie Shiea
- PhD Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine & Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City 804, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsang Wu
- PhD Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine & Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Fang Wu
- PhD Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine & Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- International Master Program of Translational Medicine, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jia Ku
- Research and Development Center, Great Engineering Technology (GETECH) Corporation, No. 392, Yucheng Rd., Zuoying District., Kaohsiung City 813, Taiwan
| | - Tseng-Yu Tsai
- Research and Development Center, Great Engineering Technology (GETECH) Corporation, No. 392, Yucheng Rd., Zuoying District., Kaohsiung City 813, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ta Hua
- Research and Development Center, Great Engineering Technology (GETECH) Corporation, No. 392, Yucheng Rd., Zuoying District., Kaohsiung City 813, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jia Lin
- Research and Development Center, Great Engineering Technology (GETECH) Corporation, No. 392, Yucheng Rd., Zuoying District., Kaohsiung City 813, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chin Huang
- PhD Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine & Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Gangadhar Andaluri
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- PhD Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine & Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City 804, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUH), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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15
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Takim K, Aydemir ME. GC-MS and LC-MS Pesticide Analysis of Black Teas Originating from Sri Lanka, Iran, Turkey, and India. TOXICS 2022; 11:34. [PMID: 36668760 PMCID: PMC9862525 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate pesticide residues in the imported and domestic tea sold in Turkey and to detect their compliance with maximum residue limits (MRL) and Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI). A total of 79 samples were analyzed by using LC-MS/MS and GC-MS devices with AOAC 2007.01 method to investigate 603 pesticide residues. According to the results, pesticide residues were found in a total of 28 tea samples. Pesticide residues were found in the countries of origin at the rates as follows: Iran (100%), India (33.3%) and Sri Lanka (17.3%). No pesticide residue was detected in the tea produced in Turkey. The compounds such as Diuron, Ethion, Cypermethrin, Thiacloprid, Thiamethoxam, Fenpyroximate, Acetamiprid, Imidacloprid, Flubendiamide, Deltamethrin and Hexythiazox were detected in positive samples. Seven types of pesticide residues exceeded the MRL determined by the Turkish Food Codex for 15 types (53.57%) for 28 samples with pesticide residue detected. Additionally, 4 types of pesticide residues were determined to exceed the ADI determined by the Codex Alimentarius for 13 (46.42%) of 28 samples with pesticide residue detected. These results have showed that the imported tea entering Turkey was not adequately analyzed in the customs control laboratories or the maximum residual limits were not clearly determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasim Takim
- Department of Basic Sciences of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Harran University, Şanlıurfa 63200, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Aydemir
- Department of Veterinary Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Harran University, Şanlıurfa 63200, Turkey
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16
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Adenuga AA, Ore OT, Amos OD, Onibudo AO, Ayinuola O, Oyekunle JAO. Organochlorine pesticides in therapeutic teas and human health risk assessment. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS: PART B 2022; 15:301-309. [DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2022.2127157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Olawole Ayinuola
- Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- W. M. Keck Centre for Transgene Research, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA
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17
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Du M, Li X, Cai D, Zhao Y, Li Q, Wang J, Gu W, Li Y. In-silico study of reducing human health risk of POP residues' direct (from tea) or indirect exposure (from tea garden soil): Improved rhizosphere microbial degradation, toxicity control, and mechanism analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113910. [PMID: 35917712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of potentially harmful substances in tea garden soils and tea leaves, especially persistent organic pollutants (POPs), is a special concern for tea consumers worldwide. However, their potential health and ecological risks in tea gardens have rarely been investigated. This study proposed measures to improve the degradation ability of POPs by the tea rhizosphere and to reduce the human health risks caused by POPs after tea consumption. In this study, the binding energy values of six types of POPs and the degraded protein were used to reflect the degradation ability and calculated using molecular dynamic simulations. The main root secretions (i.e., catechin, glucose, arginine, and oxalic acid) were selected and applied with a combination of tea fertilizer and trace element combination (i.e., urea, straw, and copper element), leading to an improved degradation ability (49.59 %) of POPs. To investigate the mechanisms of the factors that affect the degradation ability, molecular docking, tensor singular value decomposition methods, multivariate correlation analysis and 2D-QSAR model were used. The results showed that the solvation energy and solvent accessible surface area are the main forces, and the molecular weight, boiling point, and topological radius of the POPs were the key molecular features affecting their degradation ability. Based on the three key characteristics, a diet avoidance scheme (i.e., avoiding lysine, maslinic acid, ethanol, perfluorocaproic acid, and cholesterol with tea), which can reduce the binding ability of POP residues to aromatic hydrocarbon receptors by 506.13 %. This work will provide theoretical strategies to improve the quality and safety of tea production and reduce the potential risks of harmful substance residues in tea garden soils and tea leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijin Du
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xixi Li
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada
| | - Dongshu Cai
- Institute of Information Engineering, CAS, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qing Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wenwen Gu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Yu Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
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18
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Esmi F, Khoshnamvand Z, Nazari F, Tajkey J, Khosrokhavar R, Mohseni M, Mehrasbi MR, Taran J, Hosseini MJ. Ochratoxin A in chamomile, black and green tea and human health risk assessment in Iranian population. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01584-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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19
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Gholizadeh S, Mirzaei H, Khandaghi J, Mogaddam MRA, Javadi A. Ultrasound–assisted solvent extraction combined with magnetic ionic liquid based-dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the extraction of mycotoxins from tea samples. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Na Nagara V, Sarkar D, Luo Q, Biswas JK, Datta R. Health Risk Assessment of Exposure to Trace Elements from Drinking Black and Green Tea Marketed in Three Countries. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2970-2982. [PMID: 34378169 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02863-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Although tea can be beneficial for our health, consuming excess trace elements in tea can be harmful. In this study, the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic health risk for trace elements in tea influenced by the country of origin, tea type, and infusion process was assessed. Tea (Camellia sinensis) purchased from China, India, and the USA, including black and green tea, were analyzed for essential micronutrients (Cu, Se, and Zn) and nonessential trace elements (Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Cr, and Pb) in leaves and three types of infusions. The results showed that country of origin, tea type, and infusion process had a significant influence on the trace element contents in tea leaves and infusions, also on health risk. Country of origin had a significant influence on Ba, Cr, Pb, and Zn contents in tea leaves and on As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Zn contents in tea infusions. Black tea had significantly higher (p < 0.05) Cr and Cu content in tea leaves than green tea, but only Cr content was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of green tea in tea infusion. The trace element contents were the highest in the first infusion and decreased as the number of infusion steps increased. The results showed that the consumption of tea infusion was not likely to cause noncarcinogenic risk. However, the carcinogenic risk for As was of concern. Our results indicate that avoiding drinking the first infusion can help to reduce both carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic health risks for trace elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viravid Na Nagara
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Dibyendu Sarkar
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA.
| | - Qingzi Luo
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Jayanta Kumar Biswas
- Department of Ecological Studies & International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Rupali Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
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21
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Lange KW. Tea in cardiovascular health and disease: a critical appraisal of the evidence. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Pandey AK, Samota MK, Sanches Silva A. Mycotoxins along the tea supply chain: A dark side of an ancient and high valued aromatic beverage. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8672-8697. [PMID: 35452322 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2061908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTSTea (Camellia sinensis L.) is a high valued beverage worldwide since ancient times; more than three billion cups of tea are consumed each day. Leaf extracts of the plant are used for food preservation, cosmetics, and medicinal purposes. Nevertheless, tea contaminated with mycotoxins poses a serious health threat to humans. Mycotoxin production by tea fungi is induced by a variety of factors, including poor processing methods and environmental factors such as high temperature and humidity. This review summarizes the studies published to date on mycotoxin prevalence, toxicity, the effects of climate change on mycotoxin production, and the methods used to detect and decontaminate tea mycotoxins. While many investigations in this domain have been carried out on the prevalence of aflatoxins and ochratoxins in black, green, pu-erh, and herbal teas, much less information is available on zearalenone, fumonisins, and Alternaria toxins. Mycotoxins in teas were detected using several methods; the most commonly used being the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection, followed by HPLC with tandem mass spectrometry, gas chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Further, mycotoxins decontamination methods for teas included physical, chemical, and biological methods, with physical methods being most prevalent. Finally, research gaps and future directions have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay K Pandey
- Department of Mycology & Microbiology, Tea Research Association, North Bengal Regional R & D Center, Nagrakata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mahesh K Samota
- Horticulture Crop Processing Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Ana Sanches Silva
- Food Science, National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), Oeiras, Portugal
- Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), ICETA, University of Oporto, Oporto, Portugal
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23
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Areo O, Olowoyo J, Sethoga L, Adebo O, Njobeh P. Determination of pesticide residues in rooibos ( Aspalathus linearis) teas in South Africa. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:852-857. [PMID: 36518471 PMCID: PMC9743440 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient gas chromatography-mass spectrometry approach was used in this study to quantify 13 pesticide residues in rooibos teas purchased from registered retail outlets in South Africa between November 2019 and April 2020. A QuEChERS (Quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) procedure was used to extract pesticides using 7.5 mg of graphitized carbon black (GCB), 50 mg of primary secondary amine (PSA), and 150 mg of anhydrous MgSO4. In order to compensate for the matrix effect, matrix matched calibration curves ranging from 10 µg/kg-500 µg/kg were applied for accurate quantification. For validation purposes, accuracy tests were conducted using a blank tea sample spiked with pesticide standards at two different concentrations (10 and 100 μg/kg). Most of the analytes were recovered within acceptable recovery ranges (72-106%), with a relative standard deviation of less than 20%. The limits of quantification were low, all falling below 10 μg/kg which meets the maximum residue limits (MRLs). The validated method was used to analyze 100 tea samples, and among the pesticides analyzed, deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin were detected in only one samples at a concentration (92.11 and 66.41 μg/kg, respectively) below the MRLs stipulated by the European Union. The level of pesticides that are commonly used in tea should be checked often.
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Affiliation(s)
- O.M. Areo
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein Campus, 2028 Gauteng, South Africa
| | - J.O. Olowoyo
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, School of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 139, Pretoria 0204, South Africa
| | - L.S. Sethoga
- Department of Chemistry, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, School of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 139, Pretoria 0204, South Africa
| | - O.A. Adebo
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein Campus, 2028 Gauteng, South Africa
| | - P.B Njobeh
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein Campus, 2028 Gauteng, South Africa
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Wang Y, Wu X, Wang Y, Zhang S, Dong S, Zhou W. Short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins in green tea from 11 Chinese provinces and their migration from packaging. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 427:128192. [PMID: 35007805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) have been found to occur ubiquitously in foodstuff of both animal and plant origin. However, limited information is available on the content of CPs in green tea, one of the most commonly consumed beverages worldwide. Herein, 107 commercial green tea samples originating from 11 provinces of China, were collected to study the occurrence of short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs and MCCPs, respectively). The concentration of SCCPs in all green tea samples ranged from 4.99 to 717 ng/g (mean: 55.7 ng/g), while MCCPs ranged from 2.55 to 543 ng/g (mean: 33.5 ng/g). CP profiles in green tea samples from different provinces exhibited no regional differences. To identify the potential sources of CPs in green tea, 19 tea packaging samples were collected and analyzed, showing that SCCPs and MCCPs existed at much higher concentrations in the tea packaging material than in the teas. Migration tests indicated that CPs could migrate from packaging into teas during storage, with the migration velocity and efficiency of SCCPs being higher than MCCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Wang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xingyi Wu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Su Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shujun Dong
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhou
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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25
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Wang Q, Wang D, Li Z, Wang Y, Yang Y, Liu M, Li D, Sun G, Zeng B. Concentrations, leachability, and health risks of mercury in green tea from major production areas in China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 232:113279. [PMID: 35121251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Green tea has many health benefits and is the most consumed type in China. However, the heavy metals and contaminants in tea can also pose a great risk to human health. In this study, mercury (Hg) concentration in green tea collected from 11 provinces in China was examined. The leaching characteristics of Hg during brewing and the associated exposure to drinkers were also evaluated. Results indicated a low potential of Hg accumulation in green tea. The Hg content of green tea from Wanshan District, Guizhou Province-which has the largest Hg mine in China and is severely contaminated by Hg-could be limited by controlling the harvest time of tea leaves. The average Hg content of green tea from 43 tea production sites in China was only 6.3 ± 6.4 µg/kg dry weight. The brewing experiments of green tea showed that the leaching ratio of Hg was 22.61 ± 7.58% for 40 min of a single brew, and increased to 32.83 ± 12.37% after four rounds (3 min/ round) of brewing. The leaching of Hg from tea leaves was significantly affected by leaching time, temperature, and solid-liquid ratio but not by water hardness. The risk of Hg exposure from green tea intake was found to be very low, with an average hazard quotient (HQ) value of only 1.82 ± 1.85% for a single brew in 40 min and 2.64 ± 2.68% after four rounds of brewing. However, in some highly contaminated areas, with HQ values as high as 43.12 ± 2.41%, green tea intake may still pose a high risk of Hg exposure, and this risk should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Wang
- Department of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, PR China.
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, PR China
| | - Zhonggen Li
- Department of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, PR China
| | - Yuyu Wang
- Department of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, PR China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, PR China
| | - Mengxun Liu
- Department of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, PR China
| | - Dadong Li
- Department of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, PR China
| | - Guangyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, PR China.
| | - Boping Zeng
- Department of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, PR China
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26
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Hsu CJ, Ding WH. Determination of benzotriazole and benzothiazole derivatives in tea beverages by deep eutectic solvent-based ultrasound-assisted liquid-phase microextraction and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2022; 368:130798. [PMID: 34411854 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Benzotriazole (BTRs) and benzothiazole (BTHs) derivatives are a group of high production volume chemicals with emerging health concern, which found in tea beverages raising potential risks for food safety and human health. The present work describes a simple method using a "green" deep eutectic solvent (DES) based-ultrasound-assisted liquid-phase microextraction (UALPME) to rapidly extract BTRs and BTHs from tea beverages, and then applying UHPLC-electrospray ionization (+)-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry for detection and quantification. To overcome the challenges related to different experimental conditions, a Factorial Multilevel Categoric Design and a Face Centered Central Composite Design were applied to screen and optimize the parameters for the DES-UALPME procedure, respectively. After optimization, the method was validated and shown to possess low limits of quantification (LOQs; 1.5-12 ng mL-1), high precision (3-13%), and satisfactory accuracy (65-107%). The developed method was then successfully applied for the analysis of some selected BTRs and BTHs in tea beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Jui Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chung-Li 320, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Hsien Ding
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chung-Li 320, Taiwan.
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27
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Yuan TH, Yu MT, Ikenaka Y, Chen YH, Nakayama SF, Chan CC. Characteristics of neonicotinoid and metabolite residues in Taiwanese tea leaves. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:341-349. [PMID: 34111305 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonicotinoids are widely used insecticides, and tea is a popular non-alcoholic beverage in Taiwan. However, the levels of neonicotinoids in Taiwanese tea leaves remain unclear. Therefore, this study aims to understand the characteristics of neonicotinoid and metabolite residues in Taiwanese tea leaves. METHODS In this study, 12 tea leaf samples were collected in Taiwan and extracted by solid-phase extraction before analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, the levels of neonicotinoids were compared with the maximum residue level standards from other countries. RESULTS In Taiwanese tea leaves, five neonicotinoids and seven metabolites were detected. Different tea species influenced the levels of neonicotinoids and their metabolites in the present study. Moreover, the levels of neonicotinoids and their metabolites in partially fermented leaves were higher than in completely fermented leaves. In Jin-Xuan tea, the levels of neonicotinoids and their metabolites in most winter-harvested teas were lower than in summer-harvested teas. CONCLUSION The residue levels of neonicotinoids and their metabolites were detectable in Taiwanese tea leaves. Moreover, different tea species, manufacturing processes, and harvest seasons might influence the levels of these pesticides. Therefore, the government should monitor the use of neonicotinoids. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hsuen Yuan
- Department of Health and Welfare, College of City Management, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ting Yu
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Yi-Hsuan Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shoji F Nakayama
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Chang-Chuan Chan
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Innovation and Policy Center for Population Health and Sustainable Environment (Population Health Research Center, PHRC), College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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28
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Macêdo APA, Gonçalves MDS, Barreto Medeiros JM, David JM, Villarreal CF, Macambira SG, Soares MBP, Couto RD. Potential therapeutic effects of green tea on obese lipid profile - a systematic review. Nutr Health 2022; 28:401-415. [PMID: 35014893 DOI: 10.1177/02601060211073236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Green tea, obtained from the plant Camellis sinensis, is one of the oldest drinks in the world and contains numerous bioactive compounds. Studies have demonstrated the efficacy of green tea in preventing obesity and cardiovascular diseases that may be related to the reduction of lipid levels. Aim: This study aimed to evidence, through a systematic review, the therapeutic potential of green tea on the lipid profile in preclinical studies in obese animals and clinical studies in obese individuals. Methods: This systematic review follows the recommendations of the preferred report items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The electronic databases, PubMed (Medline), Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science were consulted. Articles from January 2009 to December 2019 were selected. Results: This search resulted in twenty-nine articles were included cirtically reviewed. In experimental studies, green tea administration has been shown to reduce total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in animals exposed to obesity-inducing diet. In humans' studies green tea was not shown to be effective for obese lipid control. Because supplementation with green tea extract reduced total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein for three months at a specific dose. Conclusion: Therefore, green tea appears to act as a protective agent for dyslipidemia in obesity-induced animals. In human studies, green tea has not been shown to be effective in controlling obese lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Azevêdo Macêdo
- Postgraduate Program in Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, 28111Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mariane Dos Santos Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, 28111Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge Mauricio David
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Simone Garcia Macambira
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Immuno Pharmacology, 42509Research Center Gonçalo Moniz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ricardo David Couto
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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29
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Sanaeifar A, Zhang W, Chen H, Zhang D, Li X, He Y. Study on effects of airborne Pb pollution on quality indicators and accumulation in tea plants using Vis-NIR spectroscopy coupled with radial basis function neural network. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 229:113056. [PMID: 34883323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tea plants that have a large leaf area mainly suffer from heavy metal accumulation in the above-ground parts through foliar uptake. With the world rapid industrialization, this pollution in tea is considered a crucial challenge due to its potential health risks. The present study proposes an innovative approach based on visible and near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics for the characterization of tea chemical indicators under airborne lead stress, which can be performed fast and in situ. The effects of lead stress on chemical indicators and accumulation in leaves of the two tea varieties at different time intervals and levels of treatment were investigated. In addition, changes in cell structure and leaf stomata were monitored during foliar uptake of aerosol particles by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The spectral variation was able to classify the tea samples into the Pb treatment groups through the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) model. Two machine learning techniques, namely, partial least squares (PLS) and radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), were evaluated and compared for building the quantitative determination models. The RBFNN models combined with correlation-based feature selection (CFS) and PLS data compression methods were used to optimize the prediction performance. The results demonstrated that the PLS-RBFNN as a non-linear model outperformed the PLS model and provided the R-value of 0.944, 0.952, 0.881, 0.937, and 0.930 for prediction of MDA, starch, sucrose, fructose, glucose, respectively. It can be concluded that the proposed approach has strong application potential in monitoring the quality and safety of plants under airborne heavy metal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Sanaeifar
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Haitian Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Dongyi Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xiaoli Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yong He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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30
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Sanaeifar A, Zhu F, Sha J, Li X, He Y, Zhan Z. Rapid quantitative characterization of tea seedlings under lead-containing aerosol particles stress using Vis-NIR spectra. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 802:149824. [PMID: 34454145 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The problem of excessive lead content in tea has become more and more serious with the development of society and industry. This paper investigated the ability of visible and near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy to evaluate foliar lead uptake by tea plants through simulating real air pollution. Lead content of tea leaves in different treatment groups during stress time was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). It was determined that stomata can be a channel for lead particles in the air and most of the lead entering through the stomata accumulates in the leaves. The spectral variation of treated samples was measured, and it was found that a combination of partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and spectral responses can perfectly classify the tea samples under different lead concentrations stress with an overall accuracy of 0.979. Then the Vis-NIR spectra were used for fast monitoring physiological and biochemical indicators in tea leaves under atmospheric deposition. Relevant spectra pretreatment methods and characteristic wavelength selection approaches were evaluated for quantitative analysis and then optimal prediction models to instantly detect quality indicators in tea samples were built. Among predictive models, PLS had the best results (RMSE = 0.139 mg/g, 0.663 mmol/g, and 1.494 μmol/g) for the prediction of chlorophyll a (Chl-a), ascorbic acid (ASA), and glutathione (GSH), respectively. Also, principal component regression (PCR) gave the best results (RMSE = 0.053 mg/g, 0.024 mg/g, and 0.011%) for prediction of chlorophyll b (Chl-b), carotenoid (Car) and moisture content (MC), respectively. Results of this study can be applied for developing an effective and reliable approach for monitoring atmospheric deposition in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Sanaeifar
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Fengle Zhu
- School of Computer & Computing Science, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Junjing Sha
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xiaoli Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yong He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Zhihao Zhan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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31
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Zhang B, Yu J, Li C, Wang J, Zhu J, Ma Y, Yu C, Duan L. Quickly and efficiently remove multiple pesticides in tea infusions by low-cost carbonized bacterial cellulose. Food Chem 2021; 375:131899. [PMID: 34954582 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Soaking tea leaves make tea consumers exposure to pesticide residues more easily. However, there are few studies on the removal of pesticides in tea infusions. Therefore, a low-cost carbonized bacterial cellulose material was prepared by direct calcination method, and used to remove multiple pesticides in tea infusions quickly and efficiently. CBC-350 has the best removal efficiency for 9 pesticides and then screened the best adsorption conditions. The adsorption isotherm experiment was carried out and indicated that the adsorption process was in consist with the Freundlich model. The thermodynamic parameters are also calculated. Moreover, the adsorption mechanism was discussed, which suggests that π-π interaction and hydrophobic action are the driving force during the adsorption process. Exhilaratingly, the CBC-350 also has excellent adsorption capacity compared to other adsorbents and can be reused at least five times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyang Yu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Changsheng Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jianli Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhui Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Ma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
| | - Chunxin Yu
- State Key Lab of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
| | - Liusheng Duan
- State Key Lab of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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Green Tea Waste as an Efficient Adsorbent for Methylene Blue: Structuring of a Novel Adsorbent Using Full Factorial Design. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206138. [PMID: 34684719 PMCID: PMC8541659 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adsorptive removal of methylene blue (MB) from contaminated water samples was achieved using green tea waste (GTW). Adsorption of MB onto raw (RGTW) and thermally treated waste (TTGTW250–TTGTW500) was explored. The performance of the tested adsorbents was assessed in terms of percentage removal of MB (%R) and adsorption capacity (qe, mg/g). A full factorial design (FFD) was employed to optimize the adsorption of MB onto both RGTW and TTGTW500. Four factors were studied: pH, adsorbent dose (AD), dye concentration (DC), and contact time (CT). Value for %R of 96.58% and 98.07% were obtained using RGTW and TTGTW500, respectively. FT-IR and Raman analyses were used to study the surfaces of the prepared adsorbents, and the IR spectrum showed the existence of a variety of functionalities on the surfaces of both the RGTW and thermally treated samples. BET analysis showed the presence of mesopores and macropores in the case of RGTW and micropores in the case of thermally processed adsorbents. Equilibrium studies indicated that the Freundlich isotherm best described the adsorption of MB onto both adsorbents. The maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) was found to be 68.28 and 69.01 mg/g for RGTW and TTGTW500, respectively, implying the superior capacity of TTGTW500 in removing MB. Adsorption of MB was found to proceed via chemisorption (RGTW) and physisorption (TTGTW500), as indicated by the Dubinin–Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm. A pseudo-second order (PSO) model best demonstrated the kinetics of the MB adsorption onto both adsorbents.
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33
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Nie J, Yu C, Guo Y, Pei P, Chen L, Pang Y, Du H, Yang L, Chen Y, Yan S, Chen J, Chen Z, Lv J, Li L. Tea consumption and long-term risk of type 2 diabetes and diabetic complications: a cohort study of 0.5 million Chinese adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:194-202. [PMID: 33709113 PMCID: PMC8246622 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence from epidemiological studies remains inconsistent or limited about the associations of tea consumption with incident diabetes and risk of diabetic complications and death among patients with diabetes. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the associations of tea consumption with long-term risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and risks of diabetic complications and death among patients with diabetes. METHODS This study included 482,425 diabetes-free participants and 30,300 patients with diabetes aged 30-79 y at study enrollment from the China Kadoorie Biobank. Tea consumption information was collected at baseline by interviewer-administered questionnaires. Incidences of diabetes, diabetic complications, and death were identified by linkages to the National Health Insurance system, disease registries, and death registries. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs. RESULTS The mean ± SD age of participants free of diabetes was 51.2 ± 10.5 y and 41% were male. The mean ± SD age of patients with diabetes was 58.2 ± 9.6 y and 39% were male. Of all daily tea consumers, 85.8% preferred green tea. In the diabetes-free population, 17,434 participants developed incident T2D during 11.1 y of follow-up. Compared with participants who never consumed tea in the past year, the HR (95% CI) of T2D for daily consumers was 0.92 (0.88, 0.97). In patients with diabetes, we identified 6572 deaths, 12,677 diabetic macrovascular cases, and 2441 diabetic microvascular cases during follow-up. Compared with patients who never consumed tea in the past year, the HRs (95% CIs) of all-cause mortality and risk of microvascular complications for daily consumers were 0.90 (0.83, 0.97) and 0.88 (0.78, 1.00), respectively. Tea consumption was not associated with risk of macrovascular complications among patients with diabetes. With regard to tea consumed, the inverse associations between daily tea consumption and risks of T2D and all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes were only observed among daily green tea drinkers. CONCLUSIONS In Chinese adults, daily green tea consumption was associated with a lower risk of incident T2D and a lower risk of all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes, but the associations for other types of tea were less clear. In addition, daily tea consumption was associated with a lower risk of diabetic microvascular complications, but not macrovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Nie
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Pei
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanjie Pang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Beijing, China
| | - Huaidong Du
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ling Yang
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yiping Chen
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Shichun Yan
- NCDs Prevention and Control Department, Heilongjiang CDC, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Junshi Chen
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Beijing, China
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Kiseleva M, Chalyy Z, Sedova I. Tea: Transfer of Mycotoxins from the Spiked Matrix into an Infusion. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13060404. [PMID: 34200490 PMCID: PMC8228356 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13060404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent surveys report the occurrence of Aspergillus and Penicillium metabolites (aflatoxins (AFLs), ochratoxin A (OTA), cyclopiazonic and mycophenolic acids (MPA), sterigmatocystin (STC), citrinin), Fusarium (trichothecenes, zearalenone (ZEA), fumonisins (FBs), enniatins (ENNs)) and Alternaria (alternariol (AOH), its methyl ether (AME), tentoxin (TE), and tenuazonic acid (TNZ)) toxins in dry Camellia sinensis and herbal tea samples. Since tea is consumed in the form of infusion, correct risk assessment needs evaluation of mycotoxins’ transfer rates. We have studied the transfer of AFLs, OTA, STC, deoxynivalenol (DON), ZEA, FBs, T-2, and HT-2 toxins, AOH, AME, TE, ENN A and B, beauvericin (BEA), and MPA from the spiked green tea matrix into an infusion under variation of preparation time and water characteristics (total dissolved solids (TDS) and pH). Analytes were detected by HPLC-MS/MS. The main factors affecting transfer rate proved to be mycotoxins’ polarity, pH of the resulting infusion (for OTA, FB2, and MPA) and matrix-infusion contact period. The concentration of mycotoxins increased by 20–50% within the first ten minutes of infusing, after that kinetic curve changed slowly. The concentration of DON and FB2 increased by about 10%, for ZEA, MPA, and STC it stayed constant, while for T-2, TE, AOH, and AFLs G1 and G2 it went down. Maximum transfer correlated well with analytes polarity. Maximum transfer of ENNs, BEA, STC, ZEA, and AOH into infusion was below 25%; AFLs—25–45%; DON, TE, and T-2 toxins 60–90%, FB1—80–100%. The concentration of OTA, MPA, and FB2 in the infusion depended on its pH. At pH about four, 20%, 40%, and 60% of these toxins transferred into an infusion, at pH about seven, their concentrations doubled. Water TDS did not affect transfer significantly.
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Zhu J, Smith-Warner SA, Yu D, Zhang X, Blot WJ, Xiang YB, Sinha R, Park Y, Tsugane S, White E, Koh WP, Park SK, Sawada N, Kanemura S, Sugawara Y, Tsuji I, Robien K, Tomata Y, Yoo KY, Kim J, Yuan JM, Gao YT, Rothman N, Lazovich D, Abe SK, Rahman MS, Loftfield E, Takata Y, Li X, Lee JE, Saito E, Freedman ND, Inoue M, Lan Q, Willett WC, Zheng W, Shu XO. Associations of coffee and tea consumption with lung cancer risk. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:2457-2470. [PMID: 33326609 PMCID: PMC8460087 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Associations of coffee and tea consumption with lung cancer risk have been inconsistent, and most lung cancer cases investigated were smokers. Included in this study were over 1.1 million participants from 17 prospective cohorts. Cox regression analyses were conducted to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Potential effect modifications by sex, smoking, race, cancer subtype and coffee type were assessed. After a median 8.6 years of follow-up, 20 280 incident lung cancer cases were identified. Compared with noncoffee and nontea consumption, HRs (95% CIs) associated with exclusive coffee drinkers (≥2 cups/d) among current, former and never smokers were 1.30 (1.15-1.47), 1.49 (1.27-1.74) and 1.35 (1.15-1.58), respectively. Corresponding HRs for exclusive tea drinkers (≥2 cups/d) were 1.16 (1.02-1.32), 1.10 (0.92-1.32) and 1.37 (1.17-1.61). In general, the coffee and tea associations did not differ significantly by sex, race or histologic subtype. Our findings suggest that higher consumption of coffee or tea is associated with increased lung cancer risk. However, these findings should not be assumed to be causal because of the likelihood of residual confounding by smoking, including passive smoking, and change of coffee and tea consumption after study enrolment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhu
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Danxia Yu
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - William J. Blot
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yikyung Park
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Division of Prevention Center for Public Health Sciences National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emily White
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sue K. Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Norie Sawada
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiki Kanemura
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yumi Sugawara
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tsuji
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kim Robien
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Yasutake Tomata
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keun-Young Yoo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center of Korea, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - DeAnn Lazovich
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sarah K. Abe
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Md Shafiur Rahman
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Prevention Center for Public Health Sciences National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Erikka Loftfield
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yumie Takata
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Xin Li
- Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul
| | - Eiko Saito
- Division of Cancer Statistics Integration Center for Cancer Control & Information Services National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Neal D. Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Manami Inoue
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Walter C. Willett
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- The Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Wei Zheng
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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Zhou P, Zhang W, Wang X. Development of a syringe membrane-based microextraction method based on metal-organic framework mixed-matrix membranes for preconcentration/extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tea infusion. Food Chem 2021; 361:130105. [PMID: 34023686 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Inevitably, the residues of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in tea leaves will be transferred to hot tea infusion, constituting a certain drinking risk; consequently, it is imperative to develop rapid, sensitive, and robust approaches for their trace-level detection. Herein, we developed a syringe membrane-based microextraction (SMME) method for preconcentration/extraction of PAHs in tea infusions. This method utilized metal-organic framework-mixed matrix membranes (MOF-MMMs) as adsorbents, which anchored the nanoparticles of MOFs onto the surface of PVDF membrane. The UiO-66 (Zr)-based MMM possessed high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area (320.5 m2 g-1) and pore volume (0.18 cm3 g-1), thus enhancing extraction/adsorption efficiency. Under optimized conditions, the limits of detection for PAHs reached as low as 0.02-0.08 μg L-1 with extraction recoveries of 85.5-102.1%, and the inter-day and intra-day precision was lower than 8.4% in tea infusions. Consequently, the SMME/HPLC-DAD method shows a great potential in conventional monitoring of PAHs in tea samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health, College of Public Health and Management, Center for Health Assessment, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health, College of Public Health and Management, Center for Health Assessment, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health, College of Public Health and Management, Center for Health Assessment, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
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Heshmati A, Mehri F, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Simultaneous multi-determination of pesticide residues in black tea leaves and infusion: a risk assessment study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:13725-13735. [PMID: 33197000 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11658-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the concentration of 33 pesticide residues in 60 black tea samples collected from Iran, determine their transfer rate, and assess their health risk during brewing. Pesticide extraction and analysis were performed by using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method and gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), respectively. The limits of detection (LOD) and the limits of quantification (LOQ) of pesticides were ranged 0.1-7.26 and 0.8-24 μg/kg for dried tea leaves and 0.03-3.1 and 0.09-10 μg/L for the tea infusion, respectively. The levels of pesticide residue in 52 (86.67%) out of 60 tea samples were above the LOD (0.1-7.26 μg/kg). Twenty four (40%) of the samples contained pesticides in a concentration higher than the maximum residue limit (MRL) set by the European Commission (EC). Seven out of 33 validated pesticides were detected in dried tea leaf samples that only four of seven, including buprofezin, chlorpyrifos, hexaconazole, and triflumizole, were transferred into tea infusion, demonstrating that the concentrations of pesticides in infusion were raised during brewing. The risk assessment study for detected pesticides in the tea infusion samples indicated that this beverage consumption was safe for consumers, while the mean residue of some pesticides in positive samples was higher than the MRL; therefore, periodic control of these pesticides should be regularly implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Heshmati
- Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Mehri
- Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80. Caixa Postal: 6121, Campinas, São Paulo, CEP: 13083-862, Brazil.
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Rivera-Pérez A, Romero-González R, Garrido Frenich A. Persistent organic pollutants (PCBs and PCDD/Fs), PAHs, and plasticizers in spices, herbs, and tea - A review of chromatographic methods from the last decade (2010-2020). Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5224-5244. [PMID: 33563047 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1883546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Edible and highly demanded plant-derived products such as herbs, spices, and tea may be subjected to exogenous contamination of well-known chemical hazards such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and emerging ones such as plasticizers, affecting negatively the safety of these food commodities. This fact has led to the increasing analysis of exogenous compounds including priority POPs such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), as well as highly persistent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Currently, plasticizer residues are also considered an emerging issue because of the extensive use in food packaging and potential migration into foodstuffs. In this review, the studies published from 2010 to 2020 were discussed, including the main extraction methods applied for these contaminants from herbs, spices, and tea, and it was revealed the trend toward the use of less solvent-consuming and time-effective methods. Chromatographic methods were also described, which were mainly combined with detection techniques such as classical or mass spectrometry (MS) detection. Finally, a comprehensive overview of the occurrence of these selected exogenous compounds was presented in the studied matrices, showing that their monitoring should be further investigated to ensure food safety of highly consumed condiments and tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Rivera-Pérez
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
| | - Roberto Romero-González
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
| | - Antonia Garrido Frenich
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
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Assunção R, Twarużek M, Kosicki R, Viegas C, Viegas S. Drinking Green Tea: Despite the Risks Due to Mycotoxins, Is It Possible to Increase the Associated Health Benefits? Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:119. [PMID: 33562833 PMCID: PMC7914876 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea has been consumed for thousands of years. Despite the different varieties, particular emphasis has been placed on green tea (GT), considering the associated health benefits following its regular consumption, some of which are due to its polyphenol constituents, such as epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Tea is not prone to the growth of microorganisms, except fungus, when proper storage, handling, and packing conditions are compromised. Consequently, mycotoxins, secondary metabolites of fungi, could contaminate tea samples, affecting human health. In the present study, we aimed to assess the balance between risks (due to mycotoxins and high levels of EGCG) and benefits (due to moderate intake of EGCG) associated with the consumption of GT. For this, 20 GT samples (10 in bulk and 10 in bags) available in different markets in Lisbon were analyzed through a LC-MS/MS method, evaluating 38 different mycotoxins. Six samples revealed detectable values of the considered toxins. Current levels of mycotoxins and EGCG intake were not associated with health concerns. Scenarios considering an increasing consumption of GT in Portugal showed that drinking up to seven cups of GT per day should maximize the associated health benefits. The present study contributes to the future establishment of GT consumption recommendations in Portugal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Assunção
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.V.); (S.V.)
| | - Magdalena Twarużek
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.T.); (R.K.)
| | - Robert Kosicki
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.T.); (R.K.)
| | - Carla Viegas
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.V.); (S.V.)
- H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana Viegas
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.V.); (S.V.)
- H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
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Díaz-Galiano FJ, Murcia-Morales M, Gómez-Ramos MDM, Ferrer C, Fernández-Alba AR. Presence of anthraquinone in coffee and tea samples. An improved methodology based on mass spectrometry and a pilot monitoring programme. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:99-109. [PMID: 33305763 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01962c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anthraquinone has been linked to potential adverse effects on human health and the environment. The most commonly employed methods for the analysis of coffee and tea cause the extraction of matrix interferents such as the methylxanthines caffeine and theobromine, which hinder the analysis of anthraquinone. A new manual extraction method - using ethyl acetate as the extraction solvent with a dispersive solid-phase extraction clean-up step based on primary-secondary amines - has been developed. The new developed method allows for the quantitation of anthraquinone at 5 μg kg-1 concentration levels, four times lower than the current maximum residue limit for coffee and tea in the European Union (20 μg kg-1). Alongside, a new automated extraction method has also been developed. Finally, a pilot monitoring programme of 90 coffee and tea samples from several countries within the European Union has been performed, in which anthraquinone has been detected in a concentration range of 5.1-18.8 μg kg-1 in 32% of the monitored samples, below the current 20 μg kg-1 maximum residue limit, and in 48% of the monitored tea samples, revealing the need for including anthraquinone in a more extensive monitoring programme of tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco José Díaz-Galiano
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3 (ceiA3), European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables, Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain.
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Zhan J, Zhang RR, Shi XZ, Huang Z, Cao GZ, Chen XF, Hu L. A novel sample-preparation method for the generic and rapid determination of pesticides and mycotoxins in tea by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1636:461794. [PMID: 33341433 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, simple, and generic analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 140 undesirable low-weight pesticides and mycotoxins from different chemical classes in black tea was developed. The method involved swelling the sample in ammonium acetate buffer, extraction with acetonitrile-dimethyl sulfoxide, cleanup by dual dispersive solid-phase extraction (D-SPE) with the assistance of low-temperature centrifugation, and analysis by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry using multiple reaction monitoring mode. The interferences in the extract were eliminated by the combination of dual d-SPE using only C18 sorbent and anhydrous magnesium sulfate, which maintained the chromatographic column under the ideal condition for a long time and enabled satisfactory recoveries of hydrophobic and hydrophilic analytes simultaneously. Matrix-matched calibration curves were obtained for most target compounds with linear regression coefficients above 0.9900. The limits of quantification (LOQs) ranged within 0.5-10.0 μg/kg, which were usually sufficient to verify the compliance of products with legal tolerances. Satisfactory recoveries of 64.5%-138.1% were obtained in black ta samples with the relative standard deviation (RSD) values between 1.8 and 25.9%. The inter-day precision ranged within 2.2%-24.9%. For over 90% of the analytes, the recoveries were between 70% and 120%, with RSD values below 15.0%. The application of this method in routine monitoring programs can drastically reduce effort and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhan
- Ningbo Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Ningbo 315012, China.
| | - Rong-Rong Zhang
- Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xi-Zhi Shi
- Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Huang
- Yunnan Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Kunming 650051, China
| | - Guo-Zhou Cao
- Ningbo Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Ningbo 315012, China
| | - Xian-Feng Chen
- Ningbo Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Ningbo 315012, China
| | - Ling Hu
- Ningbo Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Ningbo 315012, China
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Multi-mycotoxin contamination of green tea infusion and dietary exposure assessment in Moroccan population. Food Res Int 2020; 140:109958. [PMID: 33648210 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Green tea infusion is one of the most widely drunk beverages worldwide due to its health benefits associated with microelements, essential oils, and polyphenols, etc. Several studies have reported that green tea is subjected to contamination by various toxigenic fungi. Thus, this work aims to investigate the co-occurrence of 15 mycotoxins [four aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2), ochratoxin A (OTA), beauvericin (BEA), four enniatins (ENA, ENA1, ENB, ENB1), zearalenone (ZEN), alternariol (AOH), tentoxin (TENT), T-2 and HT-2 toxins] in green tea samples available in Morocco by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. Analytical and consumption data were then used to assess the dietary exposure for the population. Out of 111 total green tea samples, 62 (56%) were contaminated by at least one mycotoxin. The most found mycotoxins in samples were AOH (40%), ZEN (35%), AFG1 (2%), AFB2 (2%), ENB (2%) and TENT (1%). The highest level was found for ZEN with 45.8 ng/g. There is no sample that exceeded the recommended levels set by European Pharmacopoeia for certain mycotoxins in plant material. Although multi-mycotoxin co-occurred in samples (33%), the probable estimated daily intake values show that the intake of mycotoxins through the consumption of green tea does not represent a risk for the population.
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Boccanegra B, Verhaart IEC, Cappellari O, Vroom E, De Luca A. Safety issues and harmful pharmacological interactions of nutritional supplements in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: considerations for Standard of Care and emerging virus outbreaks. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104917. [PMID: 32485610 PMCID: PMC7261230 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
At the moment, little treatment options are available for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The absence of the dystrophin protein leads to a complex cascade of pathogenic events in myofibres, including chronic inflammation and oxidative stress as well as altered metabolism. The attention towards dietary supplements in DMD is rapidly increasing, with the aim to counteract pathology-related alteration in nutrient intake, the consequences of catabolic distress or to enhance the immunological response of patients as nowadays for the COVID-19 pandemic emergency. By definition, supplements do not exert therapeutic actions, although a great confusion may arise in daily life by the improper distinction between supplements and therapeutic compounds. For most supplements, little research has been done and little evidence is available concerning their effects in DMD as well as their preventing actions against infections. Often these are not prescribed by clinicians and patients/caregivers do not discuss the use with their clinical team. Then, little is known about the real extent of supplement use in DMD patients. It is mistakenly assumed that, since compounds are of natural origin, if a supplement is not effective, it will also do no harm. However, supplements can have serious side effects and also have harmful interactions, in terms of reducing efficacy or leading to toxicity, with other therapies. It is therefore pivotal to shed light on this unclear scenario for the sake of patients. This review discusses the supplements mostly used by DMD patients, focusing on their potential toxicity, due to a variety of mechanisms including pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic interactions and contaminations, as well as on reports of adverse events. This overview underlines the need for caution in uncontrolled use of dietary supplements in fragile populations such as DMD patients. A culture of appropriate use has to be implemented between clinicians and patients' groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigida Boccanegra
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Ingrid E C Verhaart
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Duchenne Parent Project, the Netherlands
| | - Ornella Cappellari
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Elizabeth Vroom
- Duchenne Parent Project, the Netherlands; World Duchenne Organisation (UPPMD), the Netherlands
| | - Annamaria De Luca
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
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Viegas C, Sá F, Mateus M, Santos P, Almeida B, Aranha Caetano L, Quintal Gomes A, Viegas S. Commercial green tea from Portugal: Comprehensive microbiologic analyses. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 333:108795. [PMID: 32721627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent times green tea (GT) consumption has increased, due to the numerous studies that indicate a wide variety of health benefits following its regular consumption. The aim of this study was to assess the bioburden (bacteria and fungi) of bulk and bags of GT marketed in Lisbon and to obtain a more refined fungal burden characterization, including azole resistance profile. The bacteriota in tea bags before boiling ranged from lower than the detection limit to 1770 CFU.g-1, whereas in brew samples ranged from lower than the detection limit to 54.55 CFU.mL-1. In bulk samples before boiling ranged from lower than the detection limit to 2636 CFU.g-1, while after boiling ranged from lower than the detection limit to 72.73 CFU.mL-1. Fungal contamination on tea bags before boiling ranged from lower than the detection limit to 66.67 CFU.g-1 and after boiling, all samples presented results lower than the detection limit. Concerning bulk samples before boiling ranged from lower than the detection limit to 96.97 CFU.g-1, whereas after boiling ranged from lower the detection limit to 30.3 CFU.mL-1. Before boiling, the most common fungal species in the bagged tea (90.91 CFU.g-1; 45.45%) and bulk samples (66.67 CFU.g-1; 91.67%) was Aspergillus section Nigri. Fungal diversity was higher on bulk samples than in tea bags. Aspergillus section Nigri and Rhizopus sp. growth was observed mostly on itraconazole-supplemented Sabouraud dextrose agar media, which require further investigation. Aspergillus sections Fumigati and Nidulantes were detected by using real time PCR, but not in the GT samples in which they were identified through culture-based methods. A significantly reduction of bacterial contamination after boiling was observed, however fungal contamination with toxigenic potential was observed before and after boiling. Future research work needs to characterize in detail the mycotoxins contamination to allow a risk-benefit assessment to estimate the human health benefits and risks following tea consumption and to support policy-actions, if and when needed. The results also suggest that the conditions how tea is packed can influence the fungal diversity and this variable should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Viegas
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Portugal; NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal; Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Portugal.
| | - Flávio Sá
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida Mateus
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Santos
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Almeida
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Liliana Aranha Caetano
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Portugal; Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anita Quintal Gomes
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Portugal; University of Lisbon Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana Viegas
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Portugal; NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal; Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Portugal
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Chen X, Lin H, Xu T, Lai K, Han X, Lin M. Cellulose nanofibers coated with silver nanoparticles as a flexible nanocomposite for measurement of flusilazole residues in Oolong tea by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Food Chem 2020; 315:126276. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Xie Y, Chen Z, Wang D, Chen G, Sun X, He Q, Luo J, Chen T, Xi Q, Zhang Y, Sun J. Effects of Fermented Herbal Tea Residues on the Intestinal Microbiota Characteristics of Holstein Heifers Under Heat Stress. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1014. [PMID: 32528442 PMCID: PMC7264259 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbal tea residue (HTR) is a reusable resource with high nutritional value and bioactive substances content, which can be used as a feed additive. In the present study, HTRs were fermented by lactic acid bacteria, and then fed to a total of 90 Holstein heifers, termed as CN, LC, and HC groups. The supplementation improved physiological indices of respiratory frequency and rectal temperature, increased the concentrations of immunoglobulins and antioxidant capacity-related parameters, and reduced the concentrations of heat stress-related parameters and serum hormones. The heifers’ body height increased considerably, while their energy metabolism rates were stimulated in response to fermented HTRs. We also studied the fecal microbial community composition of 8 Holstein heifers in each group, and employed correlation analysis with tested parameters. We found that the bacteria were closely related to characteristics including the energy utilization rate, growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, and fecal SCFA levels of the heifers. Based on our findings, the 5% fermented HTRs replaced corn silage might be advantageous for the heifers’ characteristics under heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqin Xie
- Guangdong Engineering & Research Center for Woody Fodder Plants, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zujing Chen
- Guangdong Engineering & Research Center for Woody Fodder Plants, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongyang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoping Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian He
- Guangdong Engineering & Research Center for Woody Fodder Plants, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyi Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Guangdong Engineering & Research Center for Woody Fodder Plants, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianyun Xi
- Guangdong Engineering & Research Center for Woody Fodder Plants, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering & Research Center for Woody Fodder Plants, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Sun
- Guangdong Engineering & Research Center for Woody Fodder Plants, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Ospina M, Wong LY, Baker SE, Serafim AB, Morales-Agudelo P, Calafat AM. Exposure to neonicotinoid insecticides in the U.S. general population: Data from the 2015-2016 national health and nutrition examination survey. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 176:108555. [PMID: 31288196 PMCID: PMC6710140 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonicotinoids are used for insect control in agriculture, landscaping, and on household pets. Neonicotinoids have become popular replacements for organophosphate and carbamate insecticides, and use is on the rise. OBJECTIVES To assess human exposure to neonicotinoid insecticides in a representative sample of the U.S. general population 3 years and older from the 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). METHODS We used online solid-phase extraction coupled to isotope dilution high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry after enzymatic hydrolysis of conjugates to quantify in 3038 samples the urinary concentrations of six neonicotinoid biomarkers: four parent compounds (acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid) and two metabolites (N-desmethyl-acetamiprid, 5-hydroxy-imidacloprid). We calculated distribution percentiles, and used regression models to evaluate associations of various demographic parameters and fasting time with urinary concentrations above the 95th percentile (a value selected to represent higher than average concentrations) of neonicotinoid biomarkers. RESULTS Weighted detection frequencies were 35% (N-desmethyl-acetamiprid), 19.7% (5-hydroxy imidacloprid), 7.7% (clothianidin), 4.3% (imidacloprid), and <0.5% (acetamiprid, thiacloprid). The weighted frequency of having detectable concentrations of at least one of the six biomarkers examined was 49.1%. The 95th percentile concentrations for N-desmethyl-acetamiprid, 5-hydroxy imidacloprid, and clothianidin were 1.29, 1.37, and 0.396 μg/L, respectively. For people who fasted <8 h, regardless of race/ethnicity and sex, 3-5 year old children were more likely to have N-desmethyl-acetamiprid concentrations above the 95th percentile than adolescents (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 3.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], (0.98-9.98)) and adults (adjusted OR = 4.29; 95% CI, (2.04-9.0)); and children 6-11 years of age were more likely than adults to have N-desmethyl-acetamiprid concentrations above the 95th percentile (adjusted OR = 2.65; 95% CI, (1.2-5.84)). Asians were more likely than non-Asians to have concentrations above the 95th percentile of N-desmethyl-acetamiprid (adjusted OR = 1.94; 95% CI, (1.08-3.49)) and 5-hydroxy-imidacloprid (adjusted OR = 2.25; 95% CI, (1.44-3.51)). Samples collected during the summer were more likely to have metabolite concentrations above the 95th percentile than those collected in the winter (adjusted OR 1.55 for N-desmethyl-acetamiprid, and 2.43 for 5-hydroxy-imidacloprid). CONCLUSIONS The detection of neonicotinoid metabolites more frequently and at much higher concentrations than the corresponding parent compounds suggests that the metabolites may be suitable biomarkers to assess background exposures. About half of the U.S. general population 3 years of age and older was recently exposed to neonicotinoids. Compared to other age ranges and ethnicities, young children and Asians may experience higher exposures. At present, reasons for such differences remain unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ospina
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS F17, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
| | - Lee-Yang Wong
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS F17, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Samuel E Baker
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS F17, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Amanda Bishop Serafim
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS F17, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Pilar Morales-Agudelo
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS F17, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS F17, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
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Ma G, Zhang J, Zhang L, Huang C, Chen L, Wang G, Liu X, Lu C. Elements characterization of Chinese tea with different fermentation degrees and its use for geographical origins by liner discriminant analysis. J Food Compost Anal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2019.103246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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