1
|
Wang G, Zhong L, Wang M, Zhou J, Liu S, Miao W, Li L, Liu Y, Guo S, Li H, Wang X, Xie L, Xie M, Fu S, Xuan T, Li F, Yang T, Shao L, Shi M, Li X, Li X, Gao L, Zhai S, Ding J, Wang T, Liu D, Ma G, Wu J, Wan D, Guo J, Zhang X, Wu J, Wang Y, Jin A, Ma L, Yang H, He X, Ma X, Liu H, Ma B, Yang N, Hou X, Xu T, Qin CF, Wang H, Xie P, Wang Z. Peripheral nerve injury associated with JEV infection in high endemic regions, 2016-2020: a multicenter retrospective study in China. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2337677. [PMID: 38578315 PMCID: PMC11036900 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2337677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Previously, we reported a cohort of Japanese encephalitis (JE) patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome. However, the evidence linking Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection and peripheral nerve injury (PNI) remains limited, especially the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome significantly differ from traditional JE. We performed a retrospective and multicenter study of 1626 patients with JE recorded in the surveillance system of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, spanning the years 2016-2020. Cases were classified into type 1 and type 2 JE based on whether the JE was combined with PNI or not. A comparative analysis was conducted on demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, imaging findings, electromyography data, laboratory results, and treatment outcomes. Among 1626 laboratory confirmed JE patients, 230 (14%) were type 2 mainly located along the Yellow River in northwest China. In addition to fever, headache, and disturbance of consciousness, type 2 patients experienced acute flaccid paralysis of the limbs, as well as severe respiratory muscle paralysis. These patients presented a greater mean length of stay in hospital (children, 22 years [range, 1-34]; adults, 25 years [range, 0-183]) and intensive care unit (children, 16 years [range, 1-30]; adults, 17 years [range, 0-102]). The mortality rate was higher in type 2 patients (36/230 [16%]) compared to type 1 (67/1396 [5%]). The clinical classification of the diagnosis of JE may play a crucial role in developing a rational treatment strategy, thereby mitigating the severity of the disease and potentially reducing disability and mortality rates among patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lianmei Zhong
- Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Manxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuting Liu
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wang Miao
- Neuro-Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Leilei Li
- West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shougang Guo
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haining Li
- Neurology Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liuqing Xie
- Meishan People’s Hospital, Meishan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Xie
- Chengdu Seventh People’s Hospital, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shihong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Xuan
- The First Clinical Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center of Nervous System Diseases of Ningxia, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lufei Shao
- Neurology Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingfang Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Yibin Hospital, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yibin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaocong Li
- The First Clinical Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Gao
- Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaopeng Zhai
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Ding
- The First People’s Hospital of Tianshui, Tianshui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianhong Wang
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dayong Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Gansu Medical College, Pingliang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guosheng Ma
- Gansu Provincial People’s Hospital, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiang Wu
- The First People’s Hospital of Longnan, Longnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongjun Wan
- The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junlin Guo
- Qingyang People's Hospital, Qingyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinxia Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Yibin Hospital, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yibin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinxu Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ansong Jin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Ma
- Emergency Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Yang
- Emergency Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuexian He
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Laboratory, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaona Ma
- Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center of Nervous System Diseases of Ningxia, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Boya Ma
- Neurology Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ningai Yang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center of Nervous System Diseases of Ningxia, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Hou
- Neurology Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Xu
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng-feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huanyu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenhai Wang
- Neurology Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center of Nervous System Diseases of Ningxia, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
You D, Xu T, Huang BZ, Zhu L, Wu F, Deng LS, Liu ZY, Duan JQ, Wang YM, Ge LP, Liu ZH, Sun J, Zeng X, Lang LQ, Zhou YC, Chen DS, Lai SY, Ai YR, Huang JB, Xu ZW. Rapid, sensitive, and visual detection of swine Japanese encephalitis virus with a one-pot RPA-CRISPR/EsCas13d-based dual readout portable platform. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134151. [PMID: 39059534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis (JE), a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), poses a serious threat to global public health. The low viremia levels typical in JEV infections make RNA detection challenging, necessitating early and rapid diagnostic methods for effective control and prevention. This study introduces a novel one-pot detection method that combines recombinant enzyme polymerase isothermal amplification (RPA) with CRISPR/EsCas13d targeting, providing visual fluorescence and lateral flow assay (LFA) results. Our portable one-pot RPA-EsCas13d platform can detect as few as two copies of JEV nucleic acid within 1 h, without cross-reactivity with other pathogens. Validation against clinical samples showed 100 % concordance with real-time PCR results, underscoring the method's simplicity, sensitivity, and specificity. This efficacy confirms the platform's suitability as a novel point-of-care testing (POCT) solution for detecting and monitoring the JE virus in clinical and vector samples, especially valuable in remote and resource-limited settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong You
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing-Zhou Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li-Shuang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhe-Yan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Qi Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan-Meng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang-Peng Ge
- ChongQing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqiing, China
| | - Zuo-Hua Liu
- ChongQing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqiing, China
| | - Jing Sun
- ChongQing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqiing, China
| | - Xiu Zeng
- ChongQing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqiing, China
| | - Li-Qiao Lang
- ChongQing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqiing, China
| | - Yuan-Cheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China; Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Di-Shi Chen
- Sichuan Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Si-Yuan Lai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan-Ru Ai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian-Bo Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pawar P, Akolkar K, Saxena V. An integrated bioinformatics approach reveals the potential role of microRNA-30b-5p and let-7a-5p during SARS CoV-2 spike-1 mediated neuroinflammation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134329. [PMID: 39098684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 induced neuroinflammation contributing to neurological sequelae is one of the critical outcomes of long-COVID, however underlying regulatory mechanisms involved therein are poorly understood. We deciphered the profile of dysregulated microRNAs, their targets, associated pathways, protein-protein interactions (PPI), transcription factor-hub genes interaction networks, hub genes-microRNA co-regulatory networks in SARS-CoV-2 Spike-1 (S1) stimulated microglial cells along with candidate drug prediction using RNA-sequencing and multiple bioinformatics approaches. We identified 11 dysregulated microRNAs in the S1-stimulated microglial cells (p < 0.05). KEGG analysis revealed involvement of important neuroinflammatory pathways such as MAPK signalling, PI3K-AKT signalling, Ras signalling and axon guidance. PPI analysis further identified 11 hub genes involved in these pathways. Real time PCR validation confirmed a significant upregulation of microRNA-30b-5p and let-7a-5p; proinflammatory cytokines- IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, GM-CSF; and inflammatory genes- PIK3CA and AKT in the S1-stimulated microglial cells, while PTEN and SHIP1 expression was decreased as compared to the non-stimulated cells. Drug prediction analysis further indicated resveratrol, diclofenac and rapamycin as the potential drugs based on their degree of interaction with hub genes. Thus, targeting of these microRNAs and/or their intermediate signalling molecules would be a prospective immunotherapeutic approach in alleviating SARS-CoV-2-S1 mediated neuroinflammation; and needs further investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Puja Pawar
- Division of Immunology and Serology, ICMR-National Institute of Translational Virology & AIDS Research (NITVAR), MIDC, Bhosari, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kadambari Akolkar
- Division of Immunology and Serology, ICMR-National Institute of Translational Virology & AIDS Research (NITVAR), MIDC, Bhosari, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vandana Saxena
- Division of Immunology and Serology, ICMR-National Institute of Translational Virology & AIDS Research (NITVAR), MIDC, Bhosari, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou JF, Zhang MR, Wang Q, Li MZ, Bai JS, Dai Q, Zhang YH, Yan MX, Li XH, Chen J, Liu YY, Liu CC, Ye J, Zhou B. Two novel compounds inhibit Flavivirus infection in vitro and in vivo by targeting lipid metabolism. J Virol 2024; 98:e0063524. [PMID: 39158346 PMCID: PMC11406969 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00635-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavivirus infection capitalizes on cellular lipid metabolism to remodel the cellular intima, creating a specialized lipid environment conducive to viral replication, assembly, and release. The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a member of the Flavivirus genus, is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in both humans and animals. Currently, there are no effective antiviral drugs available to combat JEV infection. In this study, we embarked on a quest to identify anti-JEV compounds within a lipid compound library. Our research led to the discovery of two novel compounds, isobavachalcone (IBC) and corosolic acid (CA), which exhibit dose-dependent inhibition of JEV proliferation. Time-of-addition assays indicated that IBC and CA predominantly target the late stage of the viral replication cycle. Mechanistically, JEV nonstructural proteins 1 and 2A (NS1 and NS2A) impede 5'-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation by obstructing the liver kinase B1 (LKB1)-AMPK interaction, resulting in decreased p-AMPK expression and a consequent upsurge in lipid synthesis. In contrast, IBC and CA may stimulate AMPK by binding to its active allosteric site, thereby inhibiting lipid synthesis essential for JEV replication and ultimately curtailing viral infection. Most importantly, in vivo experiments demonstrated that IBC and CA protected mice from JEV-induced mortality, significantly reducing viral loads in the brain and mitigating histopathological alterations. Overall, IBC and CA demonstrate significant potential as effective anti-JEV agents by precisely targeting AMPK-associated signaling pathways. These findings open new therapeutic avenues for addressing infections caused by Flaviviruses. IMPORTANCE This study is the inaugural utilization of a lipid compound library in antiviral drug screening. Two lipid compounds, isobavachalcone (IBC) and corosolic acid (CA), emerged from the screening, exhibiting substantial inhibitory effects on the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) proliferation in vitro. In vivo experiments underscored their efficacy, with IBC and CA reducing viral loads in the brain and mitigating JEV-induced histopathological changes, effectively shielding mice from fatal JEV infection. Intriguingly, IBC and CA may activate 5'-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by binding to its active site, curtailing the synthesis of lipid substances, and thus suppressing JEV proliferation. This indicates AMPK as a potential antiviral target. Remarkably, IBC and CA demonstrated suppression of multiple viruses, including Flaviviruses (JEV and Zika virus), porcine herpesvirus (pseudorabies virus), and coronaviruses (porcine deltacoronavirus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus), suggesting their potential as broad-spectrum antiviral agents. These findings shed new light on the potential applications of these compounds in antiviral research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Fei Zhou
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng-Ran Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei-Zhen Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ji-Shan Bai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Dai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan-Hang Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng-Xue Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Han Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-Yun Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Chun Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Z, Xing J, Tang X, Sheng X, Chi H, Zhan W. Nectin1 is a pivotal host factor involved in attachment and entry of red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus in the early stages of the viral life cycle. J Virol 2024; 98:e0090124. [PMID: 39194240 PMCID: PMC11406929 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00901-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is a highly neurotropic virus that poses a persistent threat to the survival of multiple fish species. However, its inimitable neuropathogenesis remains largely elusive. To rummage potential partners germane to the nervous system, we investigated the interaction between red-spotted grouper NNV (RGNNV) and grouper brain by immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry and discerned Nectin1 as a novel host factor subtly involved in viral early invasion events. Nectin1 was abundant in neural tissues and implicated in the inception of tunnel nanotubes triggered by RGNNV. Its overexpression not only dramatically potentiated the replication dynamics of RGNNV in susceptible cells, but also empowered non-sensitive cells to expeditiously capture free virions within 2 min. This potency was impervious to low temperatures but was dose-dependently suppressed by soluble protein or specific antibody of Nectin1 ectodomain, indicating Nectin1 as an attachment receptor for RGNNV. Mechanistically, efficient hijacking of virions by Nectin1 strictly depended on intricate linkages to different modules of viral capsid protein, especially the direct binding between the IgC1 loop and P-domain. More strikingly, despite abortive proliferation in Nectin1-reconstructed CHSE-214 cells, a non-sensitive cell, RGNNV could gain access to the intracellular compartment by capitalizing on Nectin1, thereby inducing canonical cytoplasmic vacuolation. Altogether, our findings delineate a candidate entrance for RGNNV infiltration into the nervous system, which may shed unprecedented insights into the exploration and elucidation of RGNNV pathogenesis.IMPORTANCENervous necrosis virus (NNV) is one of the most virulent pathogens in the aquaculture industry, which inflicts catastrophic damage to ecology, environment, and economy annually around the world. Nevertheless, its idiosyncratic invasion and latency mechanisms pose enormous hardships to epidemic prevention and control. In this study, deploying grouper brain as a natural screening library, a single-transmembrane glycoprotein, Nectin1, was first identified as an emergent functional receptor for red-spotted grouper NNV (RGNNV) that widely allocated in nervous tissues and directly interacted with viral capsid protein through distinct Ig-like loops to bridge virus-host crosstalk, apprehend free virions, and concomitantly propel viral entry. Our findings illuminate the critical role of Nectin1 in RGNNV attachment and entry and provide a potential target for future clinical intervention strategies in the therapeutic race against RGNNV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Zhang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Heng Chi
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Singh G, Singh K, Sinha RA, Singh A, Khushi, Kumar A. Japanese encephalitis virus infection causes reactive oxygen species-mediated skeletal muscle damage. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 60:4843-4860. [PMID: 39049535 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle wasting is a clinically proven pathology associated with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection; however, underlying factors that govern skeletal muscle damage are yet to be explored. The current study aims to investigate the pathobiology of skeletal muscle damage using a mouse model of JEV infection. Our study reveals a significant increment in viral copy number in skeletal muscle post-JEV infection, which is associated with enhanced skeletal muscle cell death. Molecular and biochemical analysis confirms NOX2-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species, leading to autophagy flux inhibition and cell apoptosis. Along with this, an alteration in mitochondrial dynamics (change in fusion and fission process) and a decrease in the total number of mitochondria copies were found during JEV disease progression. The study represents the initial evidence of skeletal muscle damage caused by JEV and provides insights into potential avenues for therapeutic advancement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gajendra Singh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
| | - Kulwant Singh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
| | - Rohit A Sinha
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Anjali Singh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
| | - Khushi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
| | - Alok Kumar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu Y, Wang X, Li Q, Zhu S, Zhu W, Chen H, Si Y, Zhu B, Cao S, Zhao Z, Ye J. Screening a neurotransmitter-receptor-related inhibitor library identifies clomipramine HCl as a potential antiviral compound against Japanese encephalitis virus. INFECTIOUS MEDICINE 2024; 3:100130. [PMID: 39309297 PMCID: PMC11415799 DOI: 10.1016/j.imj.2024.100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Background Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a leading cause of viral encephalitis worldwide. JEV exhibits significant neuroinvasiveness and neurotoxicity, resulting in considerable damage to the nervous system. Japanese encephalitis is associated with high morbidity and mortality rate, seriously harming both human health and livestock production. The current lack of specific antiviral drugs means that the development of new therapeutic agents for JEV has become urgent. Methods Anti-JEV drugs were screened from 111 inhibitors of neurotransmitter receptor-related molecules by high content technology. The antiviral effects of clomipramine HCl were evaluated through plaque assay, real-time quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence assay and western blotting assay. Bioinformatic tools were utilized to cluster the altered signaling pathway members after clomipramine HCl treatment. Finally, the anti-JEV mechanism was deeply resolved in vivo via such molecular biology and virological detection techniques. Results In this study, we screened nine compounds with significant anti-JEV activity, of which clomipramine HCl demonstrated the most potent antiviral effect and exhibited dose-dependent activity. Mechanistically, clomipramine HCl may activate endoplasmic reticulum stress and modulate the unfolded protein response, thus inhibiting the assembly stage of JEV infection. Conclusion This study highlights the importance of clomipramine HCl as a promising approach for JEV infection protection, which may lead to new host-directed antiviral approaches to such mosquito-borne viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xugang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Qi Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Shuo Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Wenjing Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Youhui Si
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Bibo Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Shengbo Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Zikai Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Jing Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhao Q, Miao C, Chen YT, Zhu LY, Zhang YT, Luo SQ, Wang YL, Zhu ZM, Han X, Wen Y, Wu R, Du S, Yan QG, Huang X, Zhao S, Lang YF, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Zhao F, Cao SJ. Host Factor Rab4b Promotes Japanese Encephalitis Virus Replication. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1804. [PMID: 39338478 PMCID: PMC11433971 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12091804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infects various cell types, its receptor molecules are still not clearly understood. In our laboratory's prior research, Rab4b was identified as a potential host factor that facilitates JEV infection in PK15 cells, utilizing a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout library (PK-15-GeCKO). To further explore the effect of Rab4b on JEV replication, we used the Rab4b knockout PK15 cell line using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology and overexpressing the Rab4b PK15 cell line, with IFA, RT-qPCR, and Western blot to study the effect of Rab4b on viral replication in the whole life cycle of the JEV. The results show that the knockout of Rab4b inhibited the replication of the JEV in PK15 cells, and the overexpression of Rab4b promoted the replication of the JEV in PK15 cell lines. Furthermore, we demonstrated for the first time that host factor Rab4b facilitates the adsorption, internalization, assembly, and release of the JEV, thereby promoting JEV replication. This study enriches the regulatory network between the JEV and host factors and lays the experimental foundation for further understanding of the function of the Rab4b protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chang Miao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Long-Yue Zhu
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ya-Ting Zhang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Sai-Qi Luo
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yu-Luo Wang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhu-Ming Zhu
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xinfeng Han
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Senyan Du
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qi-Gui Yan
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yi-Fei Lang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - San-Jie Cao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Majumdar A, Siva Venkatesh IP, Swarup V, Basu A. Short-chain fatty acids abrogate Japanese encephalitis virus-induced inflammation in microglial cells via miR-200a-3p/ZBTB20/IKβα axis. mBio 2024; 15:e0132124. [PMID: 38869276 PMCID: PMC11253640 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01321-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a leading cause of viral encephalitis in humans. Survivors of this infection often develop lifelong neurological sequelae. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced in the gut are vital mediators of the gut-brain axis. We aimed to study microRNA-based mechanisms of SCFAs in an in vitro model of JEV infection. N9 microglial cells were pretreated with SCFA cocktail before JEV infection. Cytokine bead analysis, immunoblotting, and PCR were performed to analyze relevant inflammatory markers. microRNA sequencing was performed using Illumina Hiseq, and bioinformatics tools were used for differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). microRNA mimic/inhibitor experiments and luciferase assay were performed to study miRNA-target interaction. A significant reduction in monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) along with reduced expression of phospho-nuclear factor kappa B (phospho-NF-κB) was observed in SCFA conditions. Significant attenuation of histone deacetylase activity and protein expression was recorded. miRNA sequencing revealed 160 DE miRNAs in SCFA + JEV-treated cells at 6 h post-infection. WGCNA revealed miR-200a-3p, a hub miRNA significantly upregulated in SCFA conditions. Transcription factor ZBTB20 was bioinformatically predicted and validated as a gene target for miR-200a-3p. Further miRNA mimic/inhibitor assay demonstrated that miR-200-3p regulated ZBTB20 along with Iκβα that possibly dampened NF-κB signal activation downstream. IMPORTANCE The gut-brain axis plays a pivotal role in the physiological state of an organism. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites are known to play a role in brain disorders including neuroviral infections. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) appear to quench inflammatory markers in Japanese encephalitis virus-infected microglial cells in vitro. Mechanistically, we demonstrate the interaction between miR-200a-3p and ZBTB20 in regulating the canonical nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway via transcriptional regulation of Iκβα. Findings of this study pave the way to a better understanding of SCFA mechanisms that can be used to develop strategies against viral neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vivek Swarup
- Department of Neurobiology and Behaviour, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Anirban Basu
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim S, Kim MS, Nowakowska A, Choi H, Bang HW, Kim YB, Lee HJ. Generation of rescued Japanese encephalitis virus genotype 1 from infectious full-size clone using reverse genetics. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33142. [PMID: 39040327 PMCID: PMC11261045 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a pathogen responsible for high mortality and morbidity rates among children with encephalitis. Since JEV genotype 1 (GI) is the most prevalent strain in South Korea these days, corresponding research and vaccine development is urgently required. Molecular genetic studies on JEV vaccines can be boosted by obtaining genetically stable full-length infectious JEV complementary DNA (cDNA) clones. Furthermore, the significance of the reverse genetics system in facilitating molecular biological analyses of JEV properties has been demonstrated. This study constructed a recombinant JEV-GI strain using a reverse genetics system based on a Korean wild-type GI isolate (K05GS). RNA extracted from JEV-GI was used to synthesize cDNA, a recombinant full-length JEV clone, pTRE-JEVGI, was generated from the DNA fragment, and the virus was rescued. We performed in vitro and in vivo experiments to analyze the rescued JEV-GI virus. The rescued JEV-GI exhibited similar characteristics to wild-type JEV. These results suggest that our reverse genetics system can generate full-length infectious clones that can be used to analyze molecular biological factors that influence viral properties and immunogenicity. Additionally, it may be useful as a heterologous gene expression vector and help develop new strains for JEV vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sehyun Kim
- Department of Bio-industrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Chungcheongnam-do, 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Aleksandra Nowakowska
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejae Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Won Bang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Bong Kim
- Department of Bio-industrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cao M, Yang W, Yang J, Zhao Y, Hu X, Xu X, Tian J, Chen Y, Jiang H, Ren R, Li C. Minocycline Inhibits Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus and Protects Infected Cells via Multiple Pathways. Viruses 2024; 16:1055. [PMID: 39066217 PMCID: PMC11281541 DOI: 10.3390/v16071055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne Encephalitis (TBE) is a zoonotic disease caused by the Tick-borne Encephalitis virus (TBEV), which affects the central nervous system of both humans and animals. Currently, there is no specific therapy for patients with TBE, with symptomatic treatment being the primary approach. In this study, the effects of minocycline (MIN), which is a kind of tetracycline antibiotic, on TBEV propagation and cellular protection in TBEV-infected cell lines were evaluated. Indirect immunofluorescence, virus titers, and RT-qPCR results showed that 48 h post-treatment with MIN, TBEV replication was significantly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the inhibitory effect of MIN on different TBEV multiplicities of infection (MOIs) in Vero cells was studied. Furthermore, the transcriptomic analysis and RT-qPCR results indicate that after incubation with MIN, the levels of TBEV and CALML4 were decreased, whereas the levels of calcium channel receptors, such as RYR2 and SNAP25, were significantly increased. MIN also regulated MAPK-ERK-related factors, including FGF2, PDGFRA, PLCB2, and p-ERK, and inhibited inflammatory responses. These data indicate that administering MIN to TBEV-infected cells can reduce the TBEV level, regulate calcium signaling pathway-associated proteins, and inhibit the MAPK-ERK signaling pathway and inflammatory responses. This research offers innovative strategies for the advancement of anti-TBEV therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengtao Cao
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou 510507, China; (M.C.); (X.H.); (J.T.); (Y.C.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (W.Y.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (H.J.)
| | - Wei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (W.Y.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (H.J.)
| | - Jintao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (W.Y.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (H.J.)
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (W.Y.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (H.J.)
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou 510507, China; (M.C.); (X.H.); (J.T.); (Y.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- Instrument Analysis & Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Jing Tian
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou 510507, China; (M.C.); (X.H.); (J.T.); (Y.C.)
- Guangdong Arbovirus Diseases Emergency Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510507, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou 510507, China; (M.C.); (X.H.); (J.T.); (Y.C.)
- Guangdong Arbovirus Diseases Emergency Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510507, China
| | - Hongxia Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (W.Y.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (H.J.)
| | - Ruiwen Ren
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou 510507, China; (M.C.); (X.H.); (J.T.); (Y.C.)
- Guangdong Arbovirus Diseases Emergency Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510507, China
| | - Chunyuan Li
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou 510507, China; (M.C.); (X.H.); (J.T.); (Y.C.)
- Guangdong Arbovirus Diseases Emergency Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510507, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Feng B, Zheng J, Cai Y, Han Y, Han Y, Wu J, Feng J, Zheng K. An Epigenetic Manifestation of Alzheimer's Disease: DNA Methylation. ACTAS ESPANOLAS DE PSIQUIATRIA 2024; 52:365-374. [PMID: 38863055 PMCID: PMC11190457 DOI: 10.62641/aep.v52i3.1595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, has a complex pathogenesis. The number of AD patients has increased in recent years due to population aging, while a trend toward a younger age of onset has arisen, imposing a substantial burden on society and families, and garnering extensive attention. DNA methylation has recently been revealed to play an important role in AD onset and progression. DNA methylation is a critical mechanism regulating gene expression, and alterations in this mechanism dysregulate gene expression and disrupt important pathways, including oxidative stress responses, inflammatory reactions, and protein degradation processes, eventually resulting in disease. Studies have revealed widespread changes in AD patients' DNA methylation in the peripheral blood and brain tissues, affecting multiple signaling pathways and severely impacting neuronal cell and synaptic functions. This review summarizes the role of DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of AD, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for its early prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Feng
- Department of Chronic Disease, Longhua District Center for Chronic Disease Control/Mental Health, 510080 Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Guangming District People's Hospital, 518107 Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Junli Zheng
- Department of Chronic Disease, Longhua District Center for Chronic Disease Control/Mental Health, 510080 Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Cai
- Public Health Service Center, Bao'an District, 518100 Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaguang Han
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 150000 Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanhua Han
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 150000 Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- Department of Chronic Disease, Longhua District Center for Chronic Disease Control/Mental Health, 510080 Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Feng
- Department of Chronic Disease, Longhua District Center for Chronic Disease Control/Mental Health, 510080 Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Department of Chronic Disease, Longhua District Center for Chronic Disease Control/Mental Health, 510080 Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang N, Wang G, Yang L, Zhang J, Yuan Y, Ma L, Wang Z. Intravenous immunoglobulin alleviates Japanese encephalitis virus-induced peripheral neuropathy by inhibiting the ASM/ceramide pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112083. [PMID: 38648714 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection is considered a global public health emergency. Severe peripheral neuropathy caused by JEV infection has increased disability and mortality rates in recent years. Because there are very few therapeutic options for JEV infection, prompt investigations of the ability of clinically safe, efficacious and globally available drugs to inhibit JEV infection and ameliorate peripheral neuropathy are urgently needed. In this study, we found that high doses of intravenous immunoglobulin, a function inhibitor of acid sphingomyelinase (FIASMA), inhibited acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) and ceramide activity in the serum and sciatic nerve of JEV-infected rats, reduced disease severity, reversed electrophysiological and histological abnormalities, significantly reduced circulating proinflammatory cytokine levels, inhibited Th1 and Th17 cell proliferation, and suppressed the infiltration of inflammatory CD4 + cells into the sciatic nerve. It also maintained the peripheral nerve-blood barrier without causing severe clinical side effects. In terms of the potential mechanisms, ASM was found to participate in immune cell differentiation and to activate immune cells, thereby exerting proinflammatory effects. Therefore, immunoglobulin is a FIASMA that reduces abnormal immune responses and thus targets the ASM/ceramide system to treat peripheral neuropathy caused by JEV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China; Neurology Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Guowei Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Liping Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Jinyuan Zhang
- Neurology Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - YanPing Yuan
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China; Neurology Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Lijun Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Zhenhai Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China; Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center of Nervous System Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xie S, Yang X, Yang X, Cao Z, Wei N, Lin X, Shi M, Cao R. Japanese encephalitis virus NS1 and NS1' proteins induce vimentin rearrangement via the CDK1-PLK1 axis to promote viral replication. J Virol 2024; 98:e0019524. [PMID: 38656209 PMCID: PMC11092344 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00195-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The host cytoskeleton plays crucial roles in various stages of virus infection, including viral entry, transport, replication, and release. However, the specific mechanisms by which intermediate filaments are involved in orthoflavivirus infection have not been well understood. In this study, we demonstrate that the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) remodels the vimentin network, resulting in the formation of cage-like structures that support viral replication. Mechanistically, JEV NS1 and NS1' proteins induce the translocation of CDK1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and interact with it, leading to the phosphorylation of vimentin at Ser56. This phosphorylation event recruits PLK1, which further phosphorylates vimentin at Ser83. Consequently, these phosphorylation modifications convert the typically filamentous vimentin into non-filamentous "particles" or "squiggles." These vimentin "particles" or "squiggles" are then transported retrogradely along microtubules to the endoplasmic reticulum, where they form cage-like structures. Notably, NS1' is more effective than NS1 in triggering the CDK1-PLK1 cascade response. Overall, our study provides new insights into how JEV NS1 and NS1' proteins manipulate the vimentin network to facilitate efficient viral replication. IMPORTANCE Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne orthoflavivirus that causes severe encephalitis in humans, particularly in Asia. Despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine, JEV infection remains a significant public health threat due to limited vaccination coverage. Understanding the interactions between JEV and host proteins is essential for developing more effective antiviral strategies. In this study, we investigated the role of vimentin, an intermediate filament protein, in JEV replication. Our findings reveal that JEV NS1 and NS1' proteins induce vimentin rearrangement, resulting in the formation of cage-like structures that envelop the viral replication factories (RFs), thus facilitating efficient viral replication. Our research highlights the importance of the interplay between the cytoskeleton and orthoflavivirus, suggesting that targeting vimentin could be a promising approach for the development of antiviral strategies to inhibit JEV propagation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengda Xie
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingmiao Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziyu Cao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Wei
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinxin Lin
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Miaolei Shi
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruibing Cao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Müller SM, Jücker M. The Functional Roles of the Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing Inositol 5-Phosphatases SHIP1 and SHIP2 in the Pathogenesis of Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5254. [PMID: 38791291 PMCID: PMC11121230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The src homology 2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatases SHIP1 and SHIP2 are two proteins involved in intracellular signaling pathways and have been linked to the pathogenesis of several diseases. Both protein paralogs are well known for their involvement in the formation of various kinds of cancer. SHIP1, which is expressed predominantly in hematopoietic cells, has been implicated as a tumor suppressor in leukemogenesis especially in myeloid leukemia, whereas SHIP2, which is expressed ubiquitously, has been implicated as an oncogene in a wider variety of cancer types and is suggested to be involved in the process of metastasis of carcinoma cells. However, there are numerous other diseases, such as inflammatory diseases as well as allergic responses, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke, in which SHIP1 can play a role. Moreover, SHIP2 overexpression was shown to correlate with opsismodysplasia and Alzheimer's disease, as well as metabolic diseases. The SHIP1-inhibitor 3-α-aminocholestane (3AC), and SHIP1-activators, such as AQX-435 and AQX-1125, and SHIP2-inhibitors, such as K161 and AS1949490, have been developed and partly tested in clinical trials, which indicates the importance of the SHIP-paralogs as possible targets in the therapy of those diseases. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the current knowledge about the involvement of SHIP proteins in the pathogenesis of cancer and other human diseases and to create awareness that SHIP1 and SHIP2 are more than just tumor suppressors and oncogenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manfred Jücker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang D, Chen K, Shan LS. Meta-analysis and transcriptomic analysis reveal that NKRF and ZBTB17 regulate the NF-κB signaling pathway, contributing to the shared molecular mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14683. [PMID: 38738952 PMCID: PMC11090078 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) and atherosclerosis (AS) are widespread diseases predominantly observed in the elderly population. Despite their prevalence, the underlying molecular interconnections between these two conditions are not well understood. METHODS Utilizing meta-analysis, bioinformatics methodologies, and the GEO database, we systematically analyzed transcriptome data to pinpoint key genes concurrently differentially expressed in AD and AS. Our experimental validations in mouse models highlighted the prominence of two genes, NKRF (NF-κB-repressing factor) and ZBTB17 (MYC-interacting zinc-finger protein 1). RESULTS These genes appear to influence the progression of both AD and AS by modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway, as confirmed through subsequent in vitro and in vivo studies. CONCLUSIONS This research uncovers a novel shared molecular pathway between AD and AS, underscoring the significant roles of NKRF and ZBTB17 in the pathogenesis of these disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Department of CardiologyShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Keyan Chen
- Laboratory Animal Science of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Li Shen Shan
- Department of PediatricsShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang L, Xiong J, Liu Y, Liu Y, Wang X, Si Y, Zhu B, Chen H, Cao S, Ye J. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the immune features and viral tropism in the central nervous system of mice infected with Japanese encephalitis virus. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:76. [PMID: 38532383 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a neurotropic pathogen that causes lethal encephalitis. The high susceptibility and massive proliferation of JEV in neurons lead to extensive neuronal damage and inflammation within the central nervous system. Despite extensive research on JEV pathogenesis, the effect of JEV on the cellular composition and viral tropism towards distinct neuronal subtypes in the brain is still not well comprehended. To address these issues, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on cells isolated from the JEV-highly infected regions of mouse brain. We obtained 88,000 single cells and identified 34 clusters representing 10 major cell types. The scRNA-seq results revealed an increasing amount of activated microglia cells and infiltrating immune cells, including monocytes & macrophages, T cells, and natural killer cells, which were associated with the severity of symptoms. Additionally, we observed enhanced communication between individual cells and significant ligand-receptor pairs related to tight junctions, chemokines and antigen-presenting molecules upon JEV infection, suggesting an upregulation of endothelial permeability, inflammation and antiviral response. Moreover, we identified that Baiap2-positive neurons were highly susceptible to JEV. Our findings provide valuable clues for understanding the mechanism of JEV induced neuro-damage and inflammation as well as developing therapies for Japanese encephalitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling'en Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Junyao Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yixin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yinguang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xugang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Youhui Si
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bibo Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shengbo Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Jing Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Latanova A, Karpov V, Starodubova E. Extracellular Vesicles in Flaviviridae Pathogenesis: Their Roles in Viral Transmission, Immune Evasion, and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2144. [PMID: 38396820 PMCID: PMC10889558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The members of the Flaviviridae family are becoming an emerging threat for public health, causing an increasing number of infections each year and requiring effective treatment. The consequences of these infections can be severe and include liver inflammation with subsequent carcinogenesis, endothelial damage with hemorrhage, neuroinflammation, and, in some cases, death. The mechanisms of Flaviviridae pathogenesis are being actively investigated, but there are still many gaps in their understanding. Extracellular vesicles may play important roles in these mechanisms, and, therefore, this topic deserves detailed research. Recent data have revealed the involvement of extracellular vesicles in steps of Flaviviridae pathogenesis such as transmission, immune evasion, and inflammation, which is critical for disease establishment. This review covers recent papers on the roles of extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of Flaviviridae and includes examples of clinical applications of the accumulated data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Latanova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.K.); (E.S.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhu W, Li Q, Yin Y, Chen H, Si Y, Zhu B, Cao S, Zhao Z, Ye J. Ferroptosis contributes to JEV-induced neuronal damage and neuroinflammation. Virol Sin 2024; 39:144-155. [PMID: 38104890 PMCID: PMC10877411 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly discovered prototype of programmed cell death (PCD) driven by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation accumulation, and it has been linked to numerous organ injuries and degenerative pathologies. Although studies have shown that a variety of cell death processes contribute to JEV-induced neuroinflammation and neuronal injury, there is currently limited research on the specific involvement of ferroptosis. In this study, we explored the neuronal ferroptosis induced by JEV infection in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicated that JEV infection induces neuronal ferroptosis through inhibiting the function of the antioxidant system mediated by glutathione (GSH)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), as well as by promoting lipid peroxidation mediated by yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1)/long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4). Further analyses revealed that JEV E and prM proteins function as agonists, inducing ferroptosis. Moreover, we found that treatment with a ferroptosis inhibitor in JEV-infected mice reduces the viral titers and inflammation in the mouse brains, ultimately improving the survival rate of infected mice. In conclusion, our study unveils a critical role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of JEV, providing new ideas for the prevention and treatment of viral encephalitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qi Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yong Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Youhui Si
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bibo Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shengbo Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zikai Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Jing Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lv W, Jiang X, Zhang Y. The role of platelets in the blood-brain barrier during brain pathology. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 17:1298314. [PMID: 38259501 PMCID: PMC10800710 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1298314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Platelets play critical roles in maintaining hemostasis. The blood brain barrier (BBB), a significant physical and metabolic barrier, helps maintain physiological stability by limiting transportations between the blood and neural tissues. When the brain undergoes inflammation, tumor, trauma, or bleeding, the platelet responses to help with maintaining BBB homeostasis. In the traditional point of view, activated platelets aggregate to form thrombi which cover the gaps of the blood vessels to protect BBB. However, increasing evidences indicate that platelets may harm BBB by enhancing vascular permeability. Hereby, we reviewed recently published articles with a special focus on the platelet-mediated damage of BBB. Factors released by platelets can induce BBB permeability, which involve platelet-activating factors (PAF), P-selectin, ADP, platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF) superfamily proteins, especially PDGF-AA and PDGF-CC, etc. Platelets can also secrete Amyloid-β (Aβ), which triggers neuroinflammation and downregulates the expression of tight junction molecules such as claudin-5 to damage BBB. Additionally, platelets can form aggregates with neutrophils to release reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can destroy the DNA, proteins, and lipids of endothelial cells (ECs). Moreover, platelets participate in neuroinflammation to affect BBB. Conversely, some of the platelet released factors such as PDGF-BB, protects BBB. In summary, platelets play dual roles in BBB integrity and the related mechanisms are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaofan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yanyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zeng J, Pei H, Wu H, Chen W, Du R, He Z. Palmatine attenuates LPS-induced neuroinflammation through the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23544. [PMID: 37815058 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the key molecular mechanisms of palmatine for the treatment of neuroinflammation through modulation of a pathway using molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation combined with network pharmacology, and animal experiments. Five alkaloid components were obtained from the traditional Chinese medicine Huangteng through literature mining. Molecular docking and MD simulation with acetylcholinesterase were used to screen palmatine. At the animal level, mice were injected with LPS intracerebrally to cause a neuroinflammatory model, and the Morris water maze experiment was performed to examine the learning memory of mice. Anxiety levels were tested using the autonomous activity behavior experiment with the open field and elevated behavior experiments. HE staining and Niss staining were performed on brain tissue sections to observe morphological lesions and apoptosis; serum was examined for inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β; Western blot was performed to detect the protein expression. The expression of PI3K/AKT/NFkB signaling pathway-related proteins was examined by Western blot. The results of network pharmacology showed that the screening of palmatine activation containing the PI3K/Akt/NFkB signaling pathway exerts antineuroinflammatory effects. Results from behavioral experiments showed that Pal enhanced learning memory in model mice, improved anxiety behavior, and significantly improved brain damage caused by neuroinflammation. The results of HE staining and Niss staining of brain tissue sections showed that palmatine could alleviate morphological lesions and nucleus damage in brain tissue. Palmatine improved the levels of serum inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. SOD, MDA, CAT, ACH, and ACHE in the hippocampus were improved. Western blot results showed that palmatine administration ameliorated LPS-induced neuroinflammation through the PI3K/Akt/NFkB pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianning Zeng
- Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Jilin Province Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hongyan Pei
- Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Jilin Province Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Jilin Province Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Weijia Chen
- Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Jilin Province Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Rui Du
- Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry in Xinjiang, Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Breeding and Product Development Technology of Sika Deer, Jilin, China
| | - Zhongmei He
- Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Jilin Province Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry in Xinjiang, Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Breeding and Product Development Technology of Sika Deer, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zheng P, Wen Z, Liu Y, Wang Q. The spatiotemporal distribution and prognostic factors of Japanese encephalitis in Shanxi Province, China, 2005-2022. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1291816. [PMID: 38179427 PMCID: PMC10764619 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1291816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a naturally occurring localized disease caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus, which is spread by the Culex tritaeniorhynchus. China has a high rate of JE. Shanxi, located in North China, has a high prevalence of adult JE. Adult JE has more severe complications, mortality, and a higher disease burden, making it a public health issue. This retrospective study examined the dynamic epidemic changes, high-risk areas of JE, and clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of adult JE in Shanxi Province. The findings revealed that July to September was the primary epidemic season of JE and that JE cases were mainly in individuals over the age of 40. The incidence of JE from 2005 to 2022 demonstrated a positive spatial correlation with significant clustering characteristics, with high-incidence clusters in the south and southeast. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that higher cerebrospinal fluid pressure, higher white blood cell counts, higher neutrophil percentage, deep coma, and lower albumin were independent factors for poor prognosis of adult JE. The developed risk prediction model holds great promise in early prognosis assessment of patients, providing a basis for clinical decision-making and early clinical intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Graduate School, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhiying Wen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Graduate School, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Shanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qinying Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tripathi S, Sengar S, Shree B, Mohapatra S, Basu A, Sharma V. An RBM10 and NF-κB interacting host lncRNA promotes JEV replication and neuronal cell death. J Virol 2023; 97:e0118323. [PMID: 37991381 PMCID: PMC10734533 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01183-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Central nervous system infection by flaviviruses such as Japanese encephalitis virus, Dengue virus, and West Nile virus results in neuroinflammation and neuronal damage. However, little is known about the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in flavivirus-induced neuroinflammation and neuronal cell death. Here, we characterized the role of a flavivirus-induced lncRNA named JINR1 during the infection of neuronal cells. Depletion of JINR1 during virus infection reduces viral replication and cell death. An increase in GRP78 expression by JINR1 is responsible for promoting virus replication. Flavivirus infection induces the expression of a cellular protein RBM10, which interacts with JINR1. RBM10 and JINR1 promote the proinflammatory transcription factor NF-κB activity, which is detrimental to cell survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Tripathi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana, India
| | - Suryansh Sengar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana, India
| | - Bakhya Shree
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana, India
| | | | - Anirban Basu
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana, India
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cai X, Zhou T, Shi W, Cai Y, Zhou J. Monkeypox Virus Crosstalk with HIV: An Integrated Skin Transcriptome and Machine Learning Study. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:47283-47294. [PMID: 38107964 PMCID: PMC10720282 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak presents a formidable challenge to human health. Emerging evidence suggests that individuals with HIV have been disproportionately affected by MPXV, with adverse clinical outcomes and higher mortality rates. However, the shared molecular mechanisms underlying MPXV and HIV remain elusive. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from two public data sets, GSE219036 and GSE184320, and extracted common DEGs between MPXV and HIV. We further performed gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), protein-protein interactions (PPI), candidate drug assessment, and immune correlation of hub genes analysis. We validated the key biomarkers using multiple machine learning (ML) methods including random forest (RF), t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (tSNE), and uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP). A total of 59 common DEGs were identified between MPXV and HIV. Our functional analysis highlighted multiple pathways, including the ERK cascade, NF-κB signaling, and various immune responses, playing a collaborative role in the progression of both diseases. The PPI and gene co-expression networks were constructed, and five key genes with significant immune correlations were identified and validated by multiple ML models, including SPRED1, SPHK1, ATF3, AKT3, and AKT1S1. Our study emphasizes the common pathogenesis of HIV and MPXV and highlights the pivotal genes and shared pathways, providing new opportunities for evidence-based management strategies in HIV patients co-infected with MPXV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyao Cai
- Department
of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital
of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Tianyi Zhou
- Department
of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s
Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Wenjun Shi
- Department
of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai
Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School
of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yuchen Cai
- Department
of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai
Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School
of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jianda Zhou
- Department
of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital
of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mohapatra S, Chakraborty T, Basu A. Japanese Encephalitis virus infection in astrocytes modulate microglial function: Correlation with inflammation and oxidative stress. Cytokine 2023; 170:156328. [PMID: 37567102 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) is a neurotropic virus which has the propensity to infect neuronal and glial cells of the brain. Astrocyte-microglia crosstalk leading to the secretion of various factors plays a major role in controlling encephalitis in brain. This study focused on understanding the role of astrocytic mediators that further shaped the microglial response towards JEV infection. METHODS After establishing JEV infection in C8D1A (mouse astrocyte cell line) and primary astrocyte enriched cultures (PAEC), astrocyte supernatant was used for preparation of conditioned media. Astrocyte supernatant was treated with UV to inactivate JEV and the supernatant was added to N9 culture media in ratio 1:1 for preparation of conditioned media. N9 microglial cells post treatment with astrocyte conditioned media and JEV infection were checked for expression of various inflammatory genes by qRT-PCR, levels of secreted cytokines in N9 cell supernatant were checked by cytometric bead array. N9 cell lysates were checked for expression of proteins - pNF-κβ, IBA-1, NS3 and RIG-I by western blotting. Viral titers were measured in N9 supernatant by plaque assays. Immunocytochemistry experiments were done to quantify the number of infected microglial cells after astrocyte conditioned medium treatment. Expression of different antioxidant enzymes was checked in N9 cells by western blotting, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by fluorimetry using DCFDA dye. RESULTS N9 microglial cells post treatment with JEV-infected astrocyte conditioned media and JEV infection were activated, showed an upsurge in expression of inflammatory genes and cytokines both at the transcript and protein levels. These N9 cells showed a decrease in quantity of viral titers and associated viral proteins in comparison to control cells (not treated with conditioned media but infected with JEV). Also, N9 cells upon conditioned media treatment and JEV infection were more prone to undergo oxidative stress as observed by the decreased expression of antioxidant enzymes SOD-1, TRX-1 and increased secretion of reactive oxygen species (ROS). CONCLUSION Astrocytic mediators like TNF-α, MCP-1 and IL-6 influence microglial response towards JEV infection by promoting inflammation and oxidative stress in them. As a result of increased microglial inflammation and secretion of ROS, viral replication is lessened in conditioned media treated and JEV infected microglial cells as compared to control cells with no conditioned media treatment but only JEV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuti Mohapatra
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana 122052, India
| | | | - Anirban Basu
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana 122052, India.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu Q, Deng W, Guo X, Li K. High-throughput sequencing-based Detection of Japanese encephalitis virus and its effect on micro ribonucleic acid. Microb Pathog 2023; 182:106267. [PMID: 37482114 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
it was to explore the mechanism of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA) under high-throughput sequencing. 20 experimental mice, with good growth status and no disease infection, were selected. The cells used in the experiment included mouse microglial cell line (BV2), mouse neuroblastoma cell line (NA), and mouse brain endothelial cell line (bEnd.3). JEV titration was performed with JEV-infected cells, ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the cells was extracted, and finally the miRNA high-throughput sequencing data was analyzed. Agarose gel electrophoresis showed that the 28S and 18S electrophoresis bands were bright. Among the miRNAs detected in mouse brain tissues, 2986 were down-regulated and 1251 were up-regulated. Among miRNAs detected in NA cells, 4238 the decreasing expression and 2356 were expressed increasingly. In reducing miRNA expression, 1 multiplicity of infection (MOI) of P3 strain infection was more significant than 0.1 MOI. 10 miRNAs with significantly decreasing expression were miR-466d-3p, miR-381-3p, miR-540-3p, miR-466a-3p, miR-467a-3p, miR-574-5p, miR-199a-5p, miR-467a-5p, miR-674-5p, and miR-376b-3p. These were all obviously down-regulated in JEV-infected BV2, NA, and bEnd.3 neurons. High-throughput sequencing of JEV-infected mouse brain tissues and mouse neuronal cells found that JEV infection led to down-regulation of overall miRNA expression in host cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Liu
- Department of Neurology 2, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, 514031, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weisheng Deng
- Department of Neurology 2, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, 514031, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xuemin Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translation Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, 514031, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Kangsheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou, 505041, Guangdong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Dong N, Zhang X, Zhang H, Zheng J, Qiu Y, Li Z, Li B, Liu K, Shao D, Ma Z, Wei J. Genotype Change in Circulating JEV Strains in Fujian Province, China. Viruses 2023; 15:1822. [PMID: 37766229 PMCID: PMC10536422 DOI: 10.3390/v15091822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis (JE), found in pigs, is a serious mosquito-borne zoonotic infectious disease caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). JEV is maintained in an enzootic cycle between mosquitoes and amplifying vertebrate hosts, mainly pigs and wading birds. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito, allowing the pathogen to spread and cause disease epidemics. However, there is little research on JEV genotype variation in mosquitoes and pigs in Fujian province. Previous studies have shown that the main epidemic strain of JEV in Fujian Province is genotype III. In this study, a survey of mosquito species diversity in pig farms and molecular evolutionary analyses of JEV were conducted in Fujian, China, in the summer of 2019. A total of 19,177 mosquitoes were collected at four sites by UV trap. Four genera were identified, of which the Culex tritaeniorhynchus was the most common mosquito species, accounting for 76.4% of the total (14,651/19,177). Anopheles sinensi (19.25%, 3691/19,177) was the second largest species. High mosquito infection rateswere an important factor in the outbreak. The captured mosquito samples were milled and screened with JEV-specific primers. Five viruses were isolated, FJ1901, FJ1902, FJ1903, FJ1904, and FJ1905. Genetic affinity was determined by analyzing the envelope (E) gene variants. The results showed that they are JEV gene type I and most closely related to the strains SH-53 and SD0810. In this study, it was found through genetic evolution analysis that the main epidemic strain of JE in pig farms changed from gene type III to gene type I. Compared with the SH-53 and SD0810 strains, we found no change in key sites related to antigenic activity and neurovirulence of JEV in Fujian JEV and pig mosquito strains, respectively. The results of the study provide basic data for analyzing the genotypic shift of JEV in Fujian Province and support the prevention and control of JEV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhiyong Ma
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China; (N.D.); (X.Z.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Q.); (Z.L.); (B.L.); (K.L.); (D.S.)
| | - Jianchao Wei
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China; (N.D.); (X.Z.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Q.); (Z.L.); (B.L.); (K.L.); (D.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
McMahon CL, Castro J, Silvas J, Muniz Perez A, Estrada M, Carrion R, Hsieh J. Fetal brain vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 112:188-205. [PMID: 37329995 PMCID: PMC10270733 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether or not SARS-CoV-2 can cross from mother to fetus during a prenatal infection has been controversial; however, recent evidence such as viral RNA detection in umbilical cord blood and amniotic fluid, as well as the discovery of additional entry receptors in fetal tissues suggests a potential for viral transmission to and infection of the fetus. Furthermore, neonates exposed to maternal COVID-19 during later development have displayed neurodevelopmental and motor skill deficiencies, suggesting the potential for consequential neurological infection or inflammation in utero. Thus, we investigated transmission potential of SARS-CoV-2 and the consequences of infection on the developing brain using human ACE2 knock-in mice. In this model, we found that viral transmission to the fetal tissues, including the brain, occurred at later developmental stages, and that infection primarily targeted male fetuses. In the brain, SARS-CoV-2 infection largely occurred within the vasculature, but also within other cells such as neurons, glia, and choroid plexus cells; however, viral replication and increased cell death were not observed in fetal tissues. Interestingly, early gross developmental differences were observed between infected and mock-infected offspring, and high levels of gliosis were seen in the infected brains 7 days post initial infection despite viral clearance at this time point. In the pregnant mice, we also observed more severe COVID-19 infections, with greater weight loss and viral dissemination to the brain, compared to non-pregnant mice. Surprisingly, we did not observe an increase in maternal inflammation or the antiviral IFN response in these infected mice, despite showing clinical signs of disease. Overall, these findings have concerning implications regarding neurodevelopment and pregnancy complications of the mother following prenatal COVID-19 exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney L McMahon
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; Brain Health Consortium, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Joshua Castro
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Jesus Silvas
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Aranis Muniz Perez
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; Brain Health Consortium, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Manuel Estrada
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; Brain Health Consortium, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Ricardo Carrion
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Jenny Hsieh
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; Brain Health Consortium, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hu Y, Cui F, Wang S, Liu C, Zhang S, Wang R, Song J, Zhang Y. MicroRNA expression profile of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in response to coxsackievirus A10 infection reveals a potential role of miR-143-3p in maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1217984. [PMID: 37577373 PMCID: PMC10419304 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1217984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10) has been one of the main etiologies of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) epidemics in recent years and can cause mild to severe illness and even death. Most of these severe and fatal cases were closely associated with neurological impairments, but the potential mechanism of neuropathological injury triggered by CV-A10 infection has not been elucidated. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), implicated in the regulation of gene expression in a post-transcriptional manner, play a vital role in the pathogenesis of various central nervous system (CNS) diseases; therefore, they serve as diagnostic biomarkers and are emerging as novel therapeutic targets for CNS injuries. To gain insights into the CV-A10-induced regulation of host miRNA-processing machinery, we employed high-throughput sequencing to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in CV-A10-infected human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and further analyzed the potential functions of these miRNAs during CV-A10 infection. The results showed that CV-A10 infection could induce 189 and 302 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs in HUVECs at 24 and 72 hpi, respectively, compared with the uninfected control. Moreover, the expression of four selected miRNAs and their relevant mRNAs was determined to verify the sequencing data by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) methods. After that, gene target prediction and functional annotation revealed that the targets of these dysregulated miRNAs were mostly enriched in cell proliferation, signal transduction, cAMP signalling pathway, cellular response to interleukin-6, ventral spinal cord interneuron differentiation, negative regulation of glial cell differentiation, neuron migration, positive regulation of neuron projection development, etc., which were primarily involved in the processes of basic physiology, host immunity, and neurological impairments and further reflected vital regulatory roles of miRNA in viral pathogenicity. Finally, the construction of a miRNA-regulated network also suggested that the complex regulatory mechanisms mediated by miRNAs might be involved in viral pathogenesis and virus-host interactions during CV-A10 infection. Furthermore, among these dysregulated miRNAs, miR-143-3p was demonstrated to be involved in the maintenance of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Hu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Virology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Fengxian Cui
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Shenglan Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shengxiong Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jie Song
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu C, Yang Y, Li Q, Hu W, Chang J, Chen R, Zhu H, Xu M. YWHAH, a member of 14-3-3 family proteins, and PSME2, the proteasome activator subunit 2, are key host factors of Japanese encephalitis virus infection. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:161. [PMID: 37430323 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01589-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Host response to virus infection is key to the effective control and eventual elimination of viruses or infected cells; however, the underlying mechanism of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection remains unclear. METHODS In the present study, short time-series expression was analyzed by R software to obtain two groups of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) [upregulated/downregulated] during the entire process of JEV infection based on the data in the Gene Expression Omnibus database. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway, protein interactions and hub genes selection were analyzed by DAVID, STRING and Cytoscape respectively. Interactions of the JEV and host proteins, and the microRNAs that target Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activating protein Eta (YWHAH) and Proteasome activator subunit 2(PSME2) were predicted by P-hipster and ENCORI, respectively. Expression levels of YWHAH and PSME2 were analyzed using the HPA database and RT-qPCR assay. RESULTS Two groups of continuously changed DEGs during entire process of JEV infection were obtained. Continuously upregulated cluster was mainly related to regulation of transcription, immune response and inflammatory response; and the continuous downregulated group mainly including intracellular protein transport and signal transduction, several proteolysis pathways. As targets of several microRNAs, the downregulated-YWHAH and the upregulated-PSME2 were related to host and JEV proteins to affect several pathways after JEV infection. CONCLUSIONS YWHAH and PSME2 are key host factors of JEV infection based on their continuously differentially expressed pattern, interactions with multiple JEV proteins, and as members of the hub genes. Our results provide valuable information for further studies on the interactions between viruses and host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyue Liu
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Yanhong Yang
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Weimin Hu
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Jinxia Chang
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Mingfei Xu
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Prasad Panda S, Kesharwani A, Prasanna Mallick S, Prasanth D, Kumar Pasala P, Bharadwaj Tatipamula V. Viral-induced neuronal necroptosis: Detrimental to brain function and regulation by necroptosis inhibitors. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 213:115591. [PMID: 37196683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal necroptosis (programmed necrosis) in the CNS naturally occurs through a caspase-independent way and, especially in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parknson's disease (PD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and viral infections. Understanding necroptosis pathways (death receptor-dependent and independent), and its connections with other cell death pathways could lead to new insights into treatment. Receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK) mediates necroptosis via mixed-lineage kinase-like (MLKL) proteins. RIPK/MLKL necrosome contains FADD, procaspase-8-cellular FLICE-inhibitory proteins (cFLIPs), RIPK1/RIPK3, and MLKL. The necrotic stimuli cause phosphorylation of MLKL and translocate to the plasma membrane, causing an influx of Ca2+ and Na+ ions and, the immediate opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) with the release of inflammatory cell damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) like mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), high-mobility group box1 (HMGB1), and interleukin1 (IL-1). The MLKL translocates to the nucleus to induce transcription of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex elements. MLKL-induced NLRP3 activity causes caspase-1 cleavage and, IL-1 activation which promotes neuroinflammation. RIPK1-dependent transcription increases illness-associated microglial and lysosomal abnormalities to facilitate amyloid plaque (Aβ) aggregation in AD. Recent research has linked neuroinflammation and mitochondrial fission with necroptosis. MicroRNAs (miRs) such as miR512-3p, miR874, miR499, miR155, and miR128a regulate neuronal necroptosis by targeting key components of necroptotic pathways. Necroptosis inhibitors act by inhibiting the membrane translocation of MLKL and RIPK1 activity. This review insights into the RIPK/MLKL necrosome-NLRP3 inflammasome interactions during death receptor-dependent and independent neuronal necroptosis, and clinical intervention by miRs to protect the brain from NDDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siva Prasad Panda
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Adarsh Kesharwani
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sarada Prasanna Mallick
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Guntur, Andhrapradesh, India
| | - Dsnbk Prasanth
- Department of Pharmacognosy, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, AP, India
| | | | - Vinay Bharadwaj Tatipamula
- Center for Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Viet Nam
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li C, Zhang L, Chen X, Jiang D, Hu J, Guo J, Ding J, Jiao X, Bao W, Li Y. Evaluation of the genotype I Japanese encephalitis virus as a stable viral vector for foreign gene expression. Antiviral Res 2023:105652. [PMID: 37301446 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of the flavivirus genome to accommodate and express a heterologous gene of interest has become an attractive approach for gene delivery and the development of viral-vectored vaccines. However, due to the inherent genetic instability of the flavivirus genomes, the construction of recombinant viruses carrying a foreign gene could be problematic and heavily resistant. In this study, the possibility of the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) as a stable flavivirus vector for the expression of a foreign gene was assessed using reverse genetics. The full-length cDNA genome of genotype I (GI) JEV inherently possessed excellent stability and manipulability in a bacterial host, while mutations and deletions accumulated in the cDNA genomes of genotype Ⅲ (GⅢ) JEV strains. Using the GI JEV as backbones, we generate a panel of recombinant viruses expressing various foreign genes. All recombinant viruses exhibited excellent genetic stability and efficiently express foreign genes for at least ten serial passages in vitro. In application, a convenient, rapid and reliable image-based assay for neutralizing antibody testing and antiviral drug discovery was established with a mCherry-reporter recombinant virus (rBJ-mCherry). Meanwhile, the recombinant viruses expressing the antigens of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) or Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) could effectively induce antibody responses to the JEV vector and foreign antigens in a mouse vaccination model. Therefore, GI JEV strains could serve as viral vectors accommodating the expression of large foreign genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Linjie Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Daoyuan Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jingbo Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jinyao Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jingjing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xue Jiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Wenbin Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Frank JC, Song BH, Lee YM. Mice as an Animal Model for Japanese Encephalitis Virus Research: Mouse Susceptibility, Infection Route, and Viral Pathogenesis. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050715. [PMID: 37242385 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a zoonotic flavivirus, is principally transmitted by hematophagous mosquitoes, continually between susceptible animals and incidentally from those animals to humans. For almost a century since its discovery, JEV was geographically confined to the Asia-Pacific region with recurrent sizable outbreaks involving wildlife, livestock, and people. However, over the past decade, it has been detected for the first time in Europe (Italy) and Africa (Angola) but has yet to cause any recognizable outbreaks in humans. JEV infection leads to a broad spectrum of clinical outcomes, ranging from asymptomatic conditions to self-limiting febrile illnesses to life-threatening neurological complications, particularly Japanese encephalitis (JE). No clinically proven antiviral drugs are available to treat the development and progression of JE. There are, however, several live and killed vaccines that have been commercialized to prevent the infection and transmission of JEV, yet this virus remains the main cause of acute encephalitis syndrome with high morbidity and mortality among children in the endemic regions. Therefore, significant research efforts have been directed toward understanding the neuropathogenesis of JE to facilitate the development of effective treatments for the disease. Thus far, multiple laboratory animal models have been established for the study of JEV infection. In this review, we focus on mice, the most extensively used animal model for JEV research, and summarize the major findings on mouse susceptibility, infection route, and viral pathogenesis reported in the past and present, and discuss some unanswered key questions for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan C Frank
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Byung-Hak Song
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Young-Min Lee
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cole E, Boast A, Yiu EM, Kornberg AJ, Jadhav T, Mignone C, Abo YN, Britton PN, Osowicki J, Macdonald-Laurs E. Geographic Expansion of Japanese Encephalitis Virus to Australia: Neuroinflammatory Sequelae and Consideration of Immunomodulation. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2023; 42:e173-e176. [PMID: 36795573 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
We report a child from Southern Australia (New South Wales) who presented during a La Niña event with encephalopathy and acute flaccid paralysis. Magnetic resonance imaging suggested Japanese encephalitis (JE). Steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin did not improve symptoms. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) resulted in rapid improvement and tracheostomy decannulation. Our case illustrates the complex pathophysiology of JE, its' geographic expansion into Southern Australia and potential use of TPE for neuroinflammatory sequelae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alison Boast
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eppie M Yiu
- From the Department of Neurology
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Yara-Natalie Abo
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Microbiology, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philip N Britton
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joshua Osowicki
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma Macdonald-Laurs
- From the Department of Neurology
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kitidee K, Samutpong A, Pakpian N, Wisitponchai T, Govitrapong P, Reiter RJ, Wongchitrat P. Antiviral effect of melatonin on Japanese encephalitis virus infection involves inhibition of neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation in SH-SY5Y cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6063. [PMID: 37055489 PMCID: PMC10099015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33254-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, causes high mortality rates in humans and it is the most clinically important and common cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. To date, there is no specific treatment for JEV infection. Melatonin, a neurotropic hormone, is reported to be effective in combating various bacterial and viral infections. However, the effects of melatonin on JEV infection have not yet been studied. The investigation tested the antiviral effects of melatonin against JEV infection and elucidated the possible molecular mechanisms of inhibition. Melatonin inhibited the viral production in JEV-infected SH-SY5Y cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Time-of-addition assays demonstrated a potent inhibitory effect of melatonin at the post-entry stage of viral replication. Molecular docking analysis revealed that melatonin negatively affected viral replication by interfering with physiological function and/or enzymatic activity of both JEV nonstructural 3 (NS3) and NS5 protein, suggesting a possible underlying mechanism of JEV replication inhibition. Moreover, treatment with melatonin reduced neuronal apoptosis and inhibited neuroinflammation induced by JEV infection. The present findings reveal a new property of melatonin as a potential molecule for the further development of anti-JEV agents and treatment of JEV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuntida Kitidee
- Center for Research Innovation and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Arisara Samutpong
- Center for Research Innovation and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Nattaporn Pakpian
- Center for Research Innovation and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Tanchanok Wisitponchai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Prapimpun Wongchitrat
- Center for Research Innovation and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chiarini A, Gui L, Viviani C, Armato U, Dal Prà I. NLRP3 Inflammasome’s Activation in Acute and Chronic Brain Diseases—An Update on Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives with Respect to Other Inflammasomes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11040999. [PMID: 37189617 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasingly prevalent acute and chronic human brain diseases are scourges for the elderly. Besides the lack of therapies, these ailments share a neuroinflammation that is triggered/sustained by different innate immunity-related protein oligomers called inflammasomes. Relevant neuroinflammation players such as microglia/monocytes typically exhibit a strong NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Hence the idea that NLRP3 suppression might solve neurodegenerative ailments. Here we review the recent Literature about this topic. First, we update conditions and mechanisms, including RNAs, extracellular vesicles/exosomes, endogenous compounds, and ethnic/pharmacological agents/extracts regulating NLRP3 function. Second, we pinpoint NLRP3-activating mechanisms and known NLRP3 inhibition effects in acute (ischemia, stroke, hemorrhage), chronic (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, MS, ALS), and virus-induced (Zika, SARS-CoV-2, and others) human brain diseases. The available data show that (i) disease-specific divergent mechanisms activate the (mainly animal) brains NLRP3; (ii) no evidence proves that NLRP3 inhibition modifies human brain diseases (yet ad hoc trials are ongoing); and (iii) no findings exclude that concurrently activated other-than-NLRP3 inflammasomes might functionally replace the inhibited NLRP3. Finally, we highlight that among the causes of the persistent lack of therapies are the species difference problem in disease models and a preference for symptomatic over etiologic therapeutic approaches. Therefore, we posit that human neural cell-based disease models could drive etiological, pathogenetic, and therapeutic advances, including NLRP3’s and other inflammasomes’ regulation, while minimizing failure risks in candidate drug trials.
Collapse
|
37
|
Huang Y, Cao H, Qi X, Guan C, Que S. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0000690 as a potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of intracranial aneurysm: Closely relating to the volume of hemorrhage. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2929. [PMID: 36879365 PMCID: PMC10097068 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore circular RNA (circRNA) hsa_circ_0000690 as a potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of intracranial aneurysm (IA) and its relationship with clinical factors and complications of IA. MATERIAL/METHODS 216 IA patients admitted to the neurosurgery department of our hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were selected as the experimental group, and 186 healthy volunteers were selected as the control group. The expression of hsa_circ_0000690 in peripheral blood was detected by quantitative real-time PCR, and its diagnostic value was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve. Relationship between hsa_circ_0000690 and clinical factors of IA was assessed by chi-square test. Nonparametric test was used in univariate analysis, and regression analysis was used in multivariate analysis. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to analyze the survival time. RESULTS CircRNA hsa_circ_0000690 of IA patients was relatively lower than that in the control group (p < .001). The AUC of hsa_circ_0000690 was 0.752, the specificity was 0.780, and sensitivity was 0.620, with diagnostic threshold of 0.0449. In addition, hsa_circ_0000690 expression was correlated with Glasgow Coma Scale, the volume of subarachnoid hemorrhage, modified Fisher scale, Hunt-Hess levels and surgical type. For hydrocephalus and delayed cerebral ischemia, hsa_circ_0000690 was significant in univariate analysis, but nonsignificant in multivariate analysis. For prognosis, hsa_circ_0000690 was significantly associated with modified Rankin Scales after surgery for 3 months, but not associated with survival time. CONCLUSIONS The expression of hsa_circ_0000690 can act as a diagnostic marker for IA and predict the prognosis of 3 months after operation and is closely related to the volume of hemorrhage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian, China
| | - Huimin Cao
- Clinical Laboratory, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaolong Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian, China
| | - Celin Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian, China
| | - Shuanglin Que
- Department of Neurosurgery, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Immune Functions of Astrocytes in Viral Neuroinfections. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043514. [PMID: 36834929 PMCID: PMC9960577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinfections of the central nervous system (CNS) can be triggered by various pathogens. Viruses are the most widespread and have the potential to induce long-term neurologic symptoms with potentially lethal outcomes. In addition to directly affecting their host cells and inducing immediate changes in a plethora of cellular processes, viral infections of the CNS also trigger an intense immune response. Regulation of the innate immune response in the CNS depends not only on microglia, which are fundamental immune cells of the CNS, but also on astrocytes. These cells align blood vessels and ventricle cavities, and consequently, they are one of the first cell types to become infected after the virus breaches the CNS. Moreover, astrocytes are increasingly recognized as a potential viral reservoir in the CNS; therefore, the immune response initiated by the presence of intracellular virus particles may have a profound effect on cellular and tissue physiology and morphology. These changes should be addressed in terms of persisting infections because they may contribute to recurring neurologic sequelae. To date, infections of astrocytes with different viruses originating from genetically distinct families, including Flaviviridae, Coronaviridae, Retroviridae, Togaviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Picomaviridae, Rhabdoviridae, and Herpesviridae, have been confirmed. Astrocytes express a plethora of receptors that detect viral particles and trigger signaling cascades, leading to an innate immune response. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on virus receptors that initiate the release of inflammatory cytokines from astrocytes and depict the involvement of astrocytes in immune functions of the CNS.
Collapse
|
39
|
Lin Y, Li C, Wang W, Li J, Huang C, Zheng X, Liu Z, Song X, Chen Y, Gao J, Wu J, Wu J, Tu Z, Lai L, Li XJ, Li S, Yan S. Intravenous AAV9 administration results in safe and widespread distribution of transgene in the brain of mini-pig. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1115348. [PMID: 36762127 PMCID: PMC9902950 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1115348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models are important for understanding the pathogenesis of human diseases and for developing and testing new drugs. Pigs have been widely used in the research on the cardiovascular, skin barrier, gastrointestinal, and central nervous systems as well as organ transplantation. Recently, pigs also become an attractive large animal model for the study of neurodegenerative diseases because their brains are very similar to human brains in terms of mass, gully pattern, vascularization, and the proportions of the gray and white matters. Although adeno-associated virus type 9 (AAV9) has been widely used to deliver transgenes in the brain, its utilization in large animal models remains to be fully characterized. Here, we report that intravenous injection of AAV9-GFP can lead to widespread expression of transgene in various organs in the pig. Importantly, GFP was highly expressed in various brain regions, especially the striatum, cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, without detectable inflammatory responses. These results suggest that intravenous AAV9 administration can be used to establish large animal models of neurodegenerative diseases caused by gene mutations and to treat these animal models as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caijuan Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhui Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell, Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xichen Song
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhi Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiale Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhao Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxi Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuchi Tu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangxue Lai
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell, Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihua Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Shihua Li, ; Sen Yan,
| | - Sen Yan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Shihua Li, ; Sen Yan,
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sharma KB, Chhabra S, Kalia M. Japanese Encephalitis Virus-Infected Cells. Subcell Biochem 2023; 106:251-281. [PMID: 38159231 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-40086-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
RNA virus infections have been a leading cause of pandemics. Aided by global warming and increased connectivity, their threat is likely to increase over time. The flaviviruses are one such RNA virus family, and its prototypes such as the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), Dengue virus, Zika virus, West Nile virus, etc., pose a significant health burden on several endemic countries. All viruses start off their life cycle with an infected cell, wherein a series of events are set in motion as the virus and host battle for autonomy. With their remarkable capacity to hijack cellular systems and, subvert/escape defence pathways, viruses are able to establish infection and disseminate in the body, causing disease. Using this strategy, JEV replicates and spreads through several cell types such as epithelial cells, fibroblasts, monocytes and macrophages, and ultimately breaches the blood-brain barrier to infect neurons and microglia. The neurotropic nature of JEV, its high burden on the paediatric population, and its lack of any specific antivirals/treatment strategies emphasise the need for biomedical research-driven solutions. Here, we highlight the latest research developments on Japanese encephalitis virus-infected cells and discuss how these can aid in the development of future therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Bala Sharma
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Simran Chhabra
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Manjula Kalia
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
A Recombinant Genotype I Japanese Encephalitis Virus Expressing a Gaussia Luciferase Gene for Antiviral Drug Screening Assay and Neutralizing Antibodies Detection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415548. [PMID: 36555192 PMCID: PMC9778660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the major cause of viral encephalitis in humans throughout Asia. In the past twenty years, the emergence of the genotype I (GI) JEV as the dominant genotype in Asian countries has raised a significant threat to public health security. However, no clinically approved drug is available for the specific treatment of JEV infection, and the commercial vaccines derived from the genotype III JEV strains merely provided partial protection against the GI JEV. Thus, an easy-to-perform platform in high-throughput is urgently needed for the antiviral drug screening and assessment of neutralizing antibodies specific against the GI JEV. In this study, we established a reverse genetics system for the GI JEV strain (YZ-1) using a homologous recombination strategy. Using this reverse genetic system, a gaussia luciferase (Gluc) expression cassette was inserted into the JEV genome to generate a reporter virus (rGI-Gluc). The reporter virus exhibited similar growth kinetics to the parental virus and remained genetically stable for at least ten passages in vitro. Of note, the bioluminescence signal strength of Gluc in the culture supernatants was well correlated with the viral progenies determined by viral titration. Taking advantage of this reporter virus, we established Gluc readout-based assays for antiviral drug screening and neutralizing antibody detection against the GI JEV. These Gluc readout-based assays exhibited comparable performance to the assays using an actual virus and are less time consuming and are applicable for a high-throughput format. Taken together, we generated a GI JEV reporter virus expressing a Gluc gene that could be a valuable tool for an antiviral drug screening assay and neutralization assay.
Collapse
|
42
|
Molecular Mechanism and Role of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection in Central Nervous System-Mediated Diseases. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122686. [PMID: 36560690 PMCID: PMC9781168 DOI: 10.3390/v14122686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the most common cause of neurodegenerative disease in Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific region; approximately 1.15 billion people are at risk, and thousands suffer from permanent neurological disorders across Asian countries, with 10-15 thousand people dying each year. JEV crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and forms a complex with receptors on the surface of neurons. GRP78, Src, TLR7, caveolin-1, and dopamine receptor D2 are involved in JEV binding and entry into the neurons, and these receptors also play a role in carcinogenic activity in cells. JEV binds to GRP78, a member of the HSP70 overexpressed on malignant cells to enter neurons, indicating a higher chance of JEV infection in cancer patients. However, JEV enters human brain microvascular endothelial cells via an endocytic pathway mediated by caveolae and the ezrin protein and also targets dopamine-rich areas for infection of the midbrain via altering dopamine levels. In addition, JEV complexed with CLEC5A receptor of macrophage cells is involved in the breakdown of the BBB and central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. CLEC5A-mediated infection is also responsible for the influx of cytokines into the CNS. In this review, we discuss the neuronal and macrophage surface receptors involved in neuronal death.
Collapse
|
43
|
Mhaske A, Singh S, Abourehab MA, Kumar A, Kesharwani P, Shukla R. Recent pharmaceutical engineered trends as theranostics for Japanese encephalitis. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
44
|
Avila-Bonilla RG, Salas-Benito JS. Interactions of host miRNAs in the flavivirus 3´UTR genome: From bioinformatics predictions to practical approaches. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:976843. [PMID: 36310869 PMCID: PMC9606609 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.976843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Flavivirus of the Flaviviridae family includes important viruses, such as Dengue, Zika, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, Murray Valley encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis, Yellow fever, Saint Louis encephalitis, and Usutu viruses. They are transmitted by mosquitoes or ticks, and they can infect humans, causing fever, encephalitis, or haemorrhagic fever. The treatment resources for these diseases and the number of vaccines available are limited. It has been discovered that eukaryotic cells synthesize small RNA molecules that can bind specifically to sequences present in messenger RNAs to inhibit the translation process, thus regulating gene expression. These small RNAs have been named microRNAs, and they have an important impact on viral infections. In this review, we compiled the available information on miRNAs that can interact with the 3’ untranslated region (3’UTR) of the flavivirus genome, a conserved region that is important for viral replication and translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Gamaliel Avila-Bonilla
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Rodolfo Gamaliel Avila-Bonilla, ; Juan Santiago Salas-Benito,
| | - Juan Santiago Salas-Benito
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Moleculart 3, Maestría en Ciencias en Biomedicina Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Rodolfo Gamaliel Avila-Bonilla, ; Juan Santiago Salas-Benito,
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tang Q, Deng Z, Tan S, Song G, Zhang H, Ge L. Prevalence and Genetic Characteristics of Japanese Encephalitis Virus among Mosquitoes and Pigs in Hunan Province, China from 2019 to 2021. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:1120-1125. [PMID: 36116917 PMCID: PMC9628968 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2207.07068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), the causative agent of Japanese encephalitis (JE), is an importantly zoonotic, vector-borne virus widely prevalent in Asia. Although JE has been well controlled in China, its prevalence remains a huge threat to the pig industry as well as human health. Herein, we report on our molecular and serological investigations of JEV among pigs from different regions in Hunan Province of China from 2019 to 2021. Collectively, 19.27% (583/3026, 95% Confidential Interval (CI) 17.86-20.68) of sampled pigs were positive for JEV IgG antibody as revealed by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the seroprevalence of JEV among pigs was significantly associated with the development stage and breeding scale (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, 10.99% (42/382, 95% CI 7.86-14.13) of tissue samples of pigs with suspected clinical symptoms of JE and 23.44% (15/64, 95% CI 13.06-33.82) of mosquito batches were JEV-positive via reverse polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the complete E gene sequences of 14 JEV strains identified in this study were amplified and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all 14 JEV strains belonged to genotype I-b and displayed a distinct genetic relationship to the present JEV vaccine strain (SA14-14-2). In conclusion, our results revealed not only the severe prevalence of JEV in Hunan Province, but also that JEV I-b might be the predominant genotype in Hunan Province, suggesting therefore that effective measures for JE control are urgently needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiwu Tang
- Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic, Changsha 410128, P.R. China
| | - Zaofu Deng
- Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic, Changsha 410128, P.R. China
| | - Shengguo Tan
- Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic, Changsha 410128, P.R. China
| | - Guo Song
- Animal Husbandry and Fishery Bureau of Ningyuan, Yongzhou 425000, P.R. China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Animal Epidemic Prevention Station of Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture, Xiangxi 416000, P.R. China
| | - Lingrui Ge
- Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic, Changsha 410128, P.R. China,Corresponding author Fax: +0731-84637019 E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Latanova A, Starodubova E, Karpov V. Flaviviridae Nonstructural Proteins: The Role in Molecular Mechanisms of Triggering Inflammation. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081808. [PMID: 36016430 PMCID: PMC9414172 DOI: 10.3390/v14081808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Flaviviridae family are posing a significant threat to human health worldwide. Many flaviviruses are capable of inducing severe inflammation in humans. Flaviviridae nonstructural proteins, apart from their canonical roles in viral replication, have noncanonical functions strongly affecting antiviral innate immunity. Among these functions, antagonism of type I IFN is the most investigated; meanwhile, more data are accumulated on their role in the other pathways of innate response. This review systematizes the last known data on the role of Flaviviridae nonstructural proteins in molecular mechanisms of triggering inflammation, with an emphasis on their interactions with TLRs and RLRs, interference with NF-κB and cGAS-STING signaling, and activation of inflammasomes.
Collapse
|
47
|
Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain 1 (NOD1) Positively Regulates Neuroinflammation during Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0258321. [PMID: 35638852 PMCID: PMC9241932 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02583-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a neurotropic flavivirus that invades the central nervous system and causes neuroinflammation and extensive neuronal cell death. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) is a type of pattern recognition receptor that plays a regulatory role in both bacterial and nonbacterial infections. However, the role of NOD1 in JEV-induced neuroinflammation remains undisclosed. In this study, we evaluated the effect of NOD1 activation on the progression of JEV-induced neuroinflammation using a human astrocytic cell line and NOD1 knockout mice. The results showed that JEV infection upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of NOD1, ultimately leading to an enhanced neuroinflammatory response in vivo and in vitro. Inhibition of NOD1 in cultured cells or mice significantly abrogated the inflammatory response triggered by JEV infection. Moreover, compared to the wild-type mice, the NOD1 knockout mice showed resistance to JEV infection. Mechanistically, the NOD1-mediated neuroinflammatory response was found to be associated with increased expression or activation/phosphorylation of downstream receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIPK2), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK), and NF-κB signaling molecules. Thus, NOD1 targeting could be a therapeutic approach to treat Japanese encephalitis. IMPORTANCE Neuroinflammation is the main pathological manifestation of Japanese encephalitis (JE) and the most important factor leading to morbidity and death in humans and animals infected by JEV. An in-depth understanding of the basic mechanisms of neuroinflammation will contribute to research on JE treatment. This study proved that JEV infection can activate the NOD1-RIPK2 signal cascade to induce neuroinflammation through the proven downstream MAPK, ERK, JNK, and NF-κB signal pathway. Thus, our study unveiled NOD1 as a potential target for therapeutic intervention for JE.
Collapse
|
48
|
Mishra R, Kumawat KL, Basu A, Banerjea AC. Japanese Encephalitis Virus infection increases USP42 to stabilize TRIM21 and OAS1 for neuroinflammatory and anti-viral response in human microglia. Virology 2022; 573:131-140. [PMID: 35779335 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV), a member virus of Flaviviridae family causes Japanese encephalitis (JE). JE is a mosquito-borne disease, spread mainly by Culex spp. During JE, dysregulated inflammatory responses play a central role in neuronal death and damage leading to Neuroinflammation. In this study, we show that JEV infection in human microglial cells (CHME3) reduces the cellular miR-590-3p levels. miR-590-3p could directly target the expression levels of USP42 (Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 42) resulting in increased cellular levels of USP42 upon JEV infection. Our results suggest that USP42 stabilizes cellular TRIM21 via deubiquitinating them. We also established through various in vitro and in vivo experiments that increased USP42 can maintain a higher cellular level of both TRIM21 as well as OAS1. This study also suggests that TRIM21, independently of its RING domain, can increase USP42 level in a positive feedback loop and induces the cellular OAS1 levels in human microglial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Mishra
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | | | - Anirban Basu
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana, 122052, India.
| | - Akhil C Banerjea
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Deng L, Wang W, Bian P, Wu M, Wang L, Lei Y, Lu Z, Zhai D. QKI deficiency in macrophages protects mice against JEV infection by regulating cell migration and antiviral response. Mol Immunol 2022; 148:34-44. [PMID: 35665659 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.05.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a major reason to cause viral encephalitis, with 50% patients suffering from severe neuro-inflammation and permanent neural injury. Effective anti-viral treatment is urgently needed. Here, we found RNA binding protein quaking (QKI) was involved in the progression of JE by regulating migration and anti-viral response of macrophages. After JE virus (JEV) infection, QKI-deficient mice had lower viral loads in the brain and fewer neurological symptoms. In comparison with control mice, proinflammatory cytokines in the brain of QKI-deficient animals revealed distinct patterns, with lower levels of IL-6 (interleukin-6) and IFN-β (interferon-β) at the early stage but higher levels at the end of JE. Then we found infiltration of CCR2 positive ((C-C motif) receptor 2) peripheral macrophages and CCR2 expression on macrophages were inhibited in QKI-deficient mice, while the expression of CCR2 ligands was not changed. Bioinformatical analysis showed that a QRE (quaking response element) located on 3'UTR (untranslated region) of Ccr2. We further verified that QKI was able to interact with Ccr2 mRNA and regulate its degradation in vitro. Additionally, since the IFN-β production was increased in QKI-ablation mice after JEV infection, the anti-viral response was analyzed. Results in QKI-silenced N9 cells showed that the expression of RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene-I) and TBK1 (TANK binding kinase 1) was increased, thus further inducing IRF3 (interferon regulatory factor 3) phosphorylation and interferon activation. Overall, these results revealed QKI mediated the anti-viral process via interfering migration of macrophages to CNS (central nervous system) and enhancing RIG-I/IRF3/IFN-β pathway to restrict virus dissemination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lele Deng
- School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, No.169, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Wenwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, Fourth Military Medical University, NO.17, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Peiyu Bian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Mengqi Wu
- School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, No.169, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, Fourth Military Medical University, NO.17, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Yingfeng Lei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Zifan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, Fourth Military Medical University, NO.17, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Dongsheng Zhai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, NO.17, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Löscher W, Howe CL. Molecular Mechanisms in the Genesis of Seizures and Epilepsy Associated With Viral Infection. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:870868. [PMID: 35615063 PMCID: PMC9125338 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.870868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seizures are a common presenting symptom during viral infections of the central nervous system (CNS) and can occur during the initial phase of infection ("early" or acute symptomatic seizures), after recovery ("late" or spontaneous seizures, indicating the development of acquired epilepsy), or both. The development of acute and delayed seizures may have shared as well as unique pathogenic mechanisms and prognostic implications. Based on an extensive review of the literature, we present an overview of viruses that are associated with early and late seizures in humans. We then describe potential pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying ictogenesis and epileptogenesis, including routes of neuroinvasion, viral control and clearance, systemic inflammation, alterations of the blood-brain barrier, neuroinflammation, and inflammation-induced molecular reorganization of synapses and neural circuits. We provide clinical and animal model findings to highlight commonalities and differences in these processes across various neurotropic or neuropathogenic viruses, including herpesviruses, SARS-CoV-2, flaviviruses, and picornaviruses. In addition, we extensively review the literature regarding Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV). This picornavirus, although not pathogenic for humans, is possibly the best-characterized model for understanding the molecular mechanisms that drive seizures, epilepsy, and hippocampal damage during viral infection. An enhanced understanding of these mechanisms derived from the TMEV model may lead to novel therapeutic interventions that interfere with ictogenesis and epileptogenesis, even within non-infectious contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Charles L. Howe
- Division of Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| |
Collapse
|