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Wu Y, Huang JY, Conlon MT, Shenoy MK, Chao JL, Chooi MY, Koch MA, Gerner MY. Distal Immunization and Systemic Cytokines Establish a Transient Immune Alert State in the Intestine. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:373-383. [PMID: 38884660 PMCID: PMC11250722 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Conventionally, immune responses are studied in the context of inflamed tissues and their corresponding draining lymph nodes (LNs). However, little is known about the effects of systemic inflammatory signals generated during local inflammation on distal tissues and nondraining LNs. Using a mouse model of cutaneous immunization, we found that systemic inflammatory stimuli triggered a rapid and selective distal response in the small intestine and the mesenteric LN (mesLN). This consisted of increased permeability of intestinal blood vessels and lymphatic drainage of bloodborne solutes into the mesLN, enhanced activation and migration of intestinal dendritic cells, as well as amplified T cell responses in the mesLNs to systemic but not orally derived Ags. Mechanistically, we found that the small intestine endothelial cells preferentially expressed molecules involved in TNF-α signaling and that TNF-α blockade markedly diminished distal intestinal responses to cutaneous immunization. Together, these findings reveal that the intestinal immune system is rapidly and selectively activated in response to inflammatory cues regardless of their origin, thus identifying an additional layer of defense and enhanced surveillance of a key barrier organ at constant risk of pathogen encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Wu
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Jessica Y Huang
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Meera K Shenoy
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Jaime L Chao
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Ming Yao Chooi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Meghan A Koch
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
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2
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Deka A, Kumar N, Basu S, Chawla M, Bhattacharya N, Ali SA, Bhawna, Madan U, Kumar S, Das B, Sengupta D, Awasthi A, Basak S. Non-canonical NF-κB signaling limits the tolerogenic β-catenin-Raldh2 axis in gut dendritic cells to exacerbate intestinal pathologies. EMBO J 2024:10.1038/s44318-024-00182-6. [PMID: 39060515 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00182-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) dysfunction is known to exacerbate intestinal pathologies, but the mechanisms compromising DC-mediated immune regulation in this context remain unclear. Here, we show that intestinal dendritic cells from a mouse model of experimental colitis exhibit significant levels of noncanonical NF-κB signaling, which activates the RelB:p52 heterodimer. Genetic inactivation of this pathway in DCs alleviates intestinal pathologies in mice suffering from colitis. Deficiency of RelB:p52 diminishes transcription of Axin1, a critical component of the β-catenin destruction complex, reinforcing β-catenin-dependent expression of Raldh2, which imparts tolerogenic DC attributes by promoting retinoic acid synthesis. DC-specific impairment of noncanonical NF-κB signaling leads to increased colonic numbers of Tregs and IgA+ B cells, which promote luminal IgA production and foster eubiosis. Experimentally introduced β-catenin haploinsufficiency in DCs with deficient noncanonical NF-κB signaling moderates Raldh2 activity, reinstating colitogenic sensitivity in mice. Finally, inflammatory bowel-disease patients also display a deleterious noncanonical NF-κB signaling signature in intestinal DCs. In sum, we establish how noncanonical NF-κB signaling in dendritic cells can subvert retinoic acid synthesis to fuel intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvina Deka
- Systems Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Systems Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Swapnava Basu
- Systems Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Meenakshi Chawla
- Systems Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Namrata Bhattacharya
- Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sk Asif Ali
- Systems Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Bhawna
- Systems Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Upasna Madan
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Shakti Kumar
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Bhabatosh Das
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Debarka Sengupta
- Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Awasthi
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Soumen Basak
- Systems Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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3
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Miranda-Waldetario MCG, Curotto de Lafaille MA. Oral tolerance to dietary antigens and Foxp3 + regulatory T cells. Immunol Rev 2024. [PMID: 39054615 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Immune tolerance to foods develops in the intestine upon food ingestion and is essential to prevent IgE-mediated food allergy and gut inflammation. In homeostasis, the intestine is a tolerogenic environment that favors the formation of food-specific Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. A tolerogenic intestinal environment depends on colonization by diverse microbiota and exposure to solid foods at a critical period in early life. These early immune responses lead to the induction of antigen-specific Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in draining mesenteric lymph nodes. These peripherally induced regulatory cells circulate and seed the lamina propria of the gut, exerting suppressive function systemically and locally in the intestine. Successful establishment of a tolerogenic intestinal environment in early life sets the stage for oral tolerance to new antigens in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C G Miranda-Waldetario
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maria A Curotto de Lafaille
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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4
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Tian K, Jing D, Lan J, Lv M, Wang T. Commensal microbiome and gastrointestinal mucosal immunity: Harmony and conflict with our closest neighbor. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1316. [PMID: 39023417 PMCID: PMC11256888 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gastrointestinal tract contains a wide range of microorganisms that have evolved alongside the immune system of the host. The intestinal mucosa maintains balance within the intestines by utilizing the mucosal immune system, which is controlled by the complex gut mucosal immune network. OBJECTIVE This review aims to comprehensively introduce current knowledge of the gut mucosal immune system, focusing on its interaction with commensal bacteria. RESULTS The gut mucosal immune network includes gut-associated lymphoid tissue, mucosal immune cells, cytokines, and chemokines. The connection between microbiota and the immune system occurs through the engagement of bacterial components with pattern recognition receptors found in the intestinal epithelium and antigen-presenting cells. This interaction leads to the activation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. The interaction between the microbial community and the host is vital for maintaining the balance and health of the host's mucosal system. CONCLUSION The gut mucosal immune network maintains a delicate equilibrium between active immunity, which defends against infections and damaging non-self antigens, and immunological tolerance, which allows for the presence of commensal microbiota and dietary antigens. This balance is crucial for the maintenance of intestinal health and homeostasis. Disturbance of gut homeostasis leads to enduring or severe gastrointestinal ailments, such as colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. Utilizing these factors can aid in the development of cutting-edge mucosal vaccines that have the ability to elicit strong protective immune responses at the primary sites of pathogen invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Tian
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Dehong Jing
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Junzhe Lan
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Mingming Lv
- Department of BreastWomen's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity, and Child Health Care HospitalNanjingChina
| | - Tingting Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
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5
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Jeong M, Cortopassi F, See JX, De La Torre C, Cerwenka A, Stojanovic A. Vitamin A-treated natural killer cells reduce interferon-gamma production and support regulatory T-cell differentiation. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2250342. [PMID: 38593338 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate cytotoxic lymphocytes that contribute to immune responses against stressed, transformed, or infected cells. NK cell effector functions are regulated by microenvironmental factors, including cytokines, metabolites, and nutrients. Vitamin A is an essential micronutrient that plays an indispensable role in embryogenesis and development, but was also reported to regulate immune responses. However, the role of vitamin A in regulating NK cell functions remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the most prevalent vitamin A metabolite, all-trans retinoic acid (atRA), induces transcriptional and functional changes in NK cells leading to altered metabolism and reduced IFN-γ production in response to a wide range of stimuli. atRA-exposed NK cells display a reduced ability to support dendritic cell (DC) maturation and to eliminate immature DCs. Moreover, they support the polarization and proliferation of regulatory T cells. These results imply that in vitamin A-enriched environments, NK cells can acquire functions that might promote tolerogenic immunity and/or immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingeum Jeong
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, Mannheim Institute of Innate Immunosciences (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Francesco Cortopassi
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, Mannheim Institute of Innate Immunosciences (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jia-Xiang See
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, Mannheim Institute of Innate Immunosciences (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carolina De La Torre
- NGS Core Facility, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Adelheid Cerwenka
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, Mannheim Institute of Innate Immunosciences (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ana Stojanovic
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, Mannheim Institute of Innate Immunosciences (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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6
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Smythies LE, Belyaeva OV, Alexander KL, Bimczok D, Nick HJ, Serrano CA, Huff KR, Nearing M, Musgrove L, Poovey EH, Garth J, Russ K, Baig KRKK, Crossman DK, Peter S, Cannon JA, Elson CO, Kedishvili NY, Smith PD. Human intestinal stromal cells promote homeostasis in normal mucosa but inflammation in Crohn's disease in a retinoic acid-deficient manner. Mucosal Immunol 2024:S1933-0219(24)00063-1. [PMID: 38945396 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal stromal cells (SCs), which synthesize the extracellular matrix that gives the mucosa its structure, are newly appreciated to play a role in mucosal inflammation. Here, we show that human intestinal vimentin+CD90+smooth muscle actin- SCs synthesize retinoic acid (RA) at levels equivalent to intestinal epithelial cells, a function in the human intestine previously attributed exclusively to epithelial cells. Crohn's disease SCs (Crohn's SCs), however, synthesized markedly less RA than SCs from healthy intestine (normal SCs). We also show that microbe-stimulated Crohn's SCs, which are more inflammatory than stimulated normal SCs, induced less RA-regulated differentiation of mucosal dendritic cells (DCs) (circulating pre-DCs and monocyte-derived DCs), leading to the generation of more potent inflammatory interferon-γhi/interleukin-17hi T cells than normal SCs. Explaining these results, Crohn's SCs expressed more DHRS3, a retinaldehyde reductase that inhibits retinol conversion to retinal and, thus, synthesized less RA than normal SCs. These findings uncover a microbe-SC-DC crosstalk in which luminal microbes induce Crohn's disease SCs to initiate and perpetuate inflammation through impaired synthesis of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley E Smythies
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Olga V Belyaeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Katie L Alexander
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Diane Bimczok
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Heidi J Nick
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Carolina A Serrano
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kayci R Huff
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Marie Nearing
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lois Musgrove
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Emily H Poovey
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jaleesa Garth
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kirk Russ
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kondal R K K Baig
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David K Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shajan Peter
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jamie A Cannon
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Charles O Elson
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Natalia Y Kedishvili
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Phillip D Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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7
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Kamińska A, Pardyak L, Lustofin S, Gielata K, Arent Z, Pietsch-Fulbiszewska A, Hejmej A. 9-cis-retinoic acid signaling in Sertoli cells regulates their immunomodulatory function to control lymphocyte physiology and Treg differentiation. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2024; 22:75. [PMID: 38926848 PMCID: PMC11202360 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-024-01246-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testis is an immune privileged organ, which prevents the immune response against sperm antigens and inflammation. Testicular cells responsible for immune tolerance are mainly Sertoli cells, which form the blood-testis barrier and produce immunosuppressive factors. Sertoli cells prevent inflammation in the testis and maintain immune tolerance by inhibiting proliferation and inducing lymphocyte apoptosis. It has been shown that 9-cis-retinoic acid (9cRA) blocks ex vivo apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes and promotes the differentiation of Treg cells in the gut. However, the role of retinoid signaling in regulating the immune privilege of the testes remains unknown. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether 9cRA, acting via the retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and the retinoic X receptors (RXR), controls the immunomodulatory functions of Sertoli cells by influencing the secretion of anti-inflammatory/pro-inflammatory factors, lymphocyte physiology and Treg cell differentiation. METHODS Experiments were performed using in vitro model of co-cultures of murine Sertoli cells and T lymphocytes. Agonists and antagonists of retinoic acid receptors were used to inhibit/stimulate retinoid signaling in Sertoli cells. RESULTS Our results have demonstrated that 9cRA inhibits the expression of immunosuppressive genes and enhances the expression of pro-inflammatory factors in Sertoli cells and lymphocytes, increases lymphocyte viability and decreases apoptosis rate. Moreover, we have found that 9cRA blocks lymphocyte apoptosis acting through both RAR and RXR and inhibiting FasL/Fas/Caspase 8 and Bax/Bcl-2/Caspase 9 pathways. Finally, we have shown that 9cRA signaling in Sertoli cells inhibits Treg differentiation. CONCLUSION Collectively, our results indicate that retinoid signaling negatively regulates immunologically privileged functions of Sertoli cells, crucial for ensuring male fertility. 9cRA inhibits lymphocyte apoptosis, which can be related to the development of autoimmunity, inflammation, and, in consequence, infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Kamińska
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, Krakow, 30-387, Poland.
| | - Laura Pardyak
- Center of Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Krakow, 30-248, Poland
| | - Sylwia Lustofin
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
| | - Karolina Gielata
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Arent
- Center of Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Krakow, 30-248, Poland
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Krakow, 30-059, Poland
| | | | - Anna Hejmej
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
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8
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Oya Y, Tanaka Y, Nakazawa T, Matsumura R, Glass DD, Nakajima H, Shevach EM. Polyclonally Derived Alloantigen-Specific T Regulatory Cells Exhibit Target-Specific Suppression and Capture MHC Class II from Dendritic Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1891-1903. [PMID: 38683146 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Foxp3+ T regulatory (Treg) cells prevent allograft rejection and graft-versus-host disease. Although polyclonal Tregs have been used both in animal models and in humans, the fine specificity of their suppressive function is poorly defined. We have generated mouse recipient-derived alloantigen-specific Tregs in vitro and explored the fine specificity of their suppressive function and their mechanism of action in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, when alloantigen and peptide Ag were both presented on the same dendritic cell, both responses were suppressed by iTregs specific either for the alloantigen or for the peptide Ag. In vivo, iTreg suppression was limited to the cognate Ag, and no bystander suppression was observed when both allo-antigen and peptide Ag were present on the same dendritic cell. In vitro, alloantigen-specific Tregs captured cognate MHC but failed to capture noncognate MHC. Our results demonstrate that a polyclonal population of iTregs generated from naive T cells can mediate highly specific function in vivo and support the view that Treg therapy, even with unselected polyclonal populations, is likely to be target antigen-specific and that bystander responses to self-antigens or to infectious agents are unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Oya
- Laboratory of Autoimmune Diseases, Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Chibahigashi National Hospital, Chiba City, Chiba, Japan
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Hospital Organization Chibahigashi National Hospital, Chiba City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Tanaka
- Laboratory of Autoimmune Diseases, Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Chibahigashi National Hospital, Chiba City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuya Nakazawa
- Department of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Hospital Organization Chibahigashi National Hospital, Chiba City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Matsumura
- Department of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Hospital Organization Chibahigashi National Hospital, Chiba City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Deborah D Glass
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Hiroshi Nakajima
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ethan M Shevach
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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9
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Yao Y, Shang W, Bao L, Peng Z, Wu C. Epithelial-immune cell crosstalk for intestinal barrier homeostasis. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350631. [PMID: 38556632 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The intestinal barrier is mainly formed by a monolayer of epithelial cells, which forms a physical barrier to protect the gut tissues from external insults and provides a microenvironment for commensal bacteria to colonize while ensuring immune tolerance. Moreover, various immune cells are known to significantly contribute to intestinal barrier function by either directly interacting with epithelial cells or by producing immune mediators. Fulfilling this function of the gut barrier for mucosal homeostasis requires not only the intrinsic regulation of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) but also constant communication with immune cells and gut microbes. The reciprocal interactions between IECs and immune cells modulate mucosal barrier integrity. Dysregulation of barrier function could lead to dysbiosis, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. In this overview, we provide an update on the characteristics and functions of IECs, and how they integrate their functions with tissue immune cells and gut microbiota to establish gut homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Yao
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition & Health, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanjing Shang
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lingyu Bao
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhaoyi Peng
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chuan Wu
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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10
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Zou M, Pezoldt J, Mohr J, Philipsen L, Leufgen A, Cerovic V, Wiechers C, Pils M, Ortiz D, Hao L, Yang J, Beckstette M, Dupont A, Hornef M, Dersch P, Strowig T, Müller AJ, Raila J, Huehn J. Early-life vitamin A treatment rescues neonatal infection-induced durably impaired tolerogenic properties of celiac lymph nodes. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114153. [PMID: 38687643 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut-draining mesenteric and celiac lymph nodes (mLNs and celLNs) critically contribute to peripheral tolerance toward food and microbial antigens by supporting the de novo induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). These tolerogenic properties of mLNs and celLNs are stably imprinted within stromal cells (SCs) by microbial signals and vitamin A (VA), respectively. Here, we report that a single, transient gastrointestinal infection in the neonatal, but not adult, period durably abrogates the efficient Treg-inducing capacity of celLNs by altering the subset composition and gene expression profile of celLNSCs. These cells carry information about the early-life pathogen encounter until adulthood and durably instruct migratory dendritic cells entering the celLN with reduced tolerogenic properties. Mechanistically, transiently reduced VA levels cause long-lasting celLN functional impairment, which can be rescued by early-life treatment with VA. Together, our data highlight the therapeutic potential of VA to prevent sequelae post gastrointestinal infections in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangge Zou
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Joern Pezoldt
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Juliane Mohr
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lars Philipsen
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Multi-Parametric Bioimaging and Cytometry (MPBIC) Platform, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Leufgen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Vuk Cerovic
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Carolin Wiechers
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marina Pils
- Mouse Pathology Platform, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Diego Ortiz
- Department Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lianxu Hao
- Department Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Juhao Yang
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Beckstette
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Aline Dupont
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mathias Hornef
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Petra Dersch
- Institute for Infectiology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Site University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Till Strowig
- Department Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas J Müller
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Multi-Parametric Bioimaging and Cytometry (MPBIC) Platform, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Intravital Microscopy in Infection and Immunity, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jens Raila
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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11
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Ma Y, Jiang T, Zhu X, Xu Y, Wan K, Zhang T, Xie M. Efferocytosis in dendritic cells: an overlooked immunoregulatory process. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1415573. [PMID: 38835772 PMCID: PMC11148234 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1415573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Efferocytosis, the process of engulfing and removing apoptotic cells, plays an essential role in preserving tissue health and averting undue inflammation. While macrophages are primarily known for this task, dendritic cells (DCs) also play a significant role. This review delves into the unique contributions of various DC subsets to efferocytosis, highlighting the distinctions in how DCs and macrophages recognize and handle apoptotic cells. It further explores how efferocytosis influences DC maturation, thereby affecting immune tolerance. This underscores the pivotal role of DCs in orchestrating immune responses and sustaining immune equilibrium, providing new insights into their function in immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Ma
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tangxing Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yizhou Xu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Wan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingxuan Zhang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Miaorong Xie
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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12
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Kenison JE, Stevens NA, Quintana FJ. Therapeutic induction of antigen-specific immune tolerance. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:338-357. [PMID: 38086932 PMCID: PMC11145724 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00970-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The development of therapeutic approaches for the induction of robust, long-lasting and antigen-specific immune tolerance remains an important unmet clinical need for the management of autoimmunity, allergy, organ transplantation and gene therapy. Recent breakthroughs in our understanding of immune tolerance mechanisms have opened new research avenues and therapeutic opportunities in this area. Here, we review mechanisms of immune tolerance and novel methods for its therapeutic induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Kenison
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikolas A Stevens
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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13
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Cruz de Casas P, Knöpper K, Dey Sarkar R, Kastenmüller W. Same yet different - how lymph node heterogeneity affects immune responses. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:358-374. [PMID: 38097778 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Lymph nodes are secondary lymphoid organs in which immune responses of the adaptive immune system are initiated and regulated. Distributed throughout the body and embedded in the lymphatic system, local lymph nodes are continuously informed about the state of the organs owing to a constant drainage of lymph. The tissue-derived lymph carries products of cell metabolism, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, pathogens and circulating immune cells. Notably, there is a growing body of evidence that individual lymph nodes differ from each other in their capacity to generate immune responses. Here, we review the structure and function of the lymphatic system and then focus on the factors that lead to functional heterogeneity among different lymph nodes. We will discuss how lymph node heterogeneity impacts on cellular and humoral immune responses and the implications for vaccination, tumour development and tumour control by immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Cruz de Casas
- Max Planck Research Group, Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Knöpper
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rupak Dey Sarkar
- Max Planck Research Group, Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kastenmüller
- Max Planck Research Group, Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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14
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Labetoulle M, Baudouin C, Benitez Del Castillo JM, Rolando M, Rescigno M, Messmer EM, Aragona P. How gut microbiota may impact ocular surface homeostasis and related disorders. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 100:101250. [PMID: 38460758 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Changes in the bacterial flora in the gut, also described as gut microbiota, are readily acknowledged to be associated with several systemic diseases, especially those with an inflammatory, neuronal, psychological or hormonal factor involved in the pathogenesis and/or the perception of the disease. Maintaining ocular surface homeostasis is also based on all these four factors, and there is accumulating evidence in the literature on the relationship between gut microbiota and ocular surface diseases. The mechanisms involved are mostly interconnected due to the interaction of central and peripheral neuronal networks, inflammatory effectors and the hormonal system. A better understanding of the influence of the gut microbiota on the maintenance of ocular surface homeostasis, and on the onset or persistence of ocular surface disorders could bring new insights and help elucidate the epidemiology and pathology of ocular surface dynamics in health and disease. Revealing the exact nature of these associations could be of paramount importance for developing a holistic approach using highly promising new therapeutic strategies targeting ocular surface diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Labetoulle
- Ophthalmology Départment, Hopital Bicetre, APHP, Université Paris-Saclay, IDMIT Infrastructure, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Hôpital National de la Vision des Quinze, Vingts, IHU ForeSight, Paris Saclay University, Paris, France.
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- Hôpital National de la Vision des Quinze, Vingts, IHU ForeSight, Paris Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - Jose M Benitez Del Castillo
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Clínica Rementeria, Instituto Investigaciones Oftalmologicas Ramon Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maurizio Rolando
- Ocular Surface and Dry Eye Center, ISPRE Ophthalmics, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Rescigno
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, 20090, MI, Italy
| | | | - Pasquale Aragona
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ophthalmology Clinic, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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15
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Nagy NA, Hafkamp FMJ, Sparrius R, Bas R, Lozano Vigario F, van Capel TMM, van Ree R, Geijtenbeek TBH, Slütter B, Tas SW, de Jong EC. Retinoic acid-loaded liposomes induce human mucosal CD103 + dendritic cells that inhibit Th17 cells and drive regulatory T-cell development in vitro. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350839. [PMID: 38430190 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The active vitamin A metabolite, all-trans-retinoic acid (RA), primes precursor dendritic cells (DCs) into a mucosal phenotype with tolerogenic properties characterized by the expression of integrin CD103. CD103+ DCs can counteract pathogenic Th1 and Th17 in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or celiac disease (CD). Tolerogenic manipulation of DCs using nanoparticles carrying tolerogenic adjuvants and disease-specific antigens is a valuable treatment strategy to induce antigen-specific mucosal tolerance in vivo. Here, we investigated the effects of RA-loaded liposomes on human DC phenotype and function, including DC-driven T-cell development, both during the generation of monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) as well as by priming immature moDCs. RA liposomes drove CD103+ DC differentiation as well as ALDH1A2 expression in DCs. Neutrophil-dependent Th17 cell development was reduced by RA-liposome-differentiated and RA-liposome-primed DCs. Moreover, RA liposome treatment shifted T-cell development toward a Th2 cell profile. Importantly, RA liposomes induced the development of IL-10-producing and FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) of various Treg subsets, including ICOS+ Tregs, that were potent inhibitors of bystander memory T-cell proliferation. Taken together, RA-loaded liposomes could be a novel treatment avenue for IBD or CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémi Anna Nagy
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Florianne M J Hafkamp
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rinske Sparrius
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rico Bas
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Lozano Vigario
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Toni M M van Capel
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald van Ree
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teunis B H Geijtenbeek
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Slütter
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sander W Tas
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther C de Jong
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Moine L, Canali MM, Salinas SR, Bianco ID, Porporatto C, Correa SG. Role of chitosan in intestinal integrity: TLR4 and IFNAR signaling in the induction of E-cadherin and CD103 in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131334. [PMID: 38582475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Chitin and its derivative chitosan (Q) are abundant structural elements in nature. Q has modulatory and anti-inflammatory effects and also regulates the expression of adhesion molecules. The interaction between cells expressing the αEβ7 integrin and E-cadherin facilitates tolerogenic signal transmission and localization of lymphocytes at the frontline for interaction with luminal antigens. In this study we evaluated the ability of orally administered Q to stimulate E-cadherin and CD103 expression in vitro and in vivo. Our findings show that Q promoted epithelial cell migration, accelerated wound healing and increased E-cadherin expression in IEC-18 cells and isolated intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) after Q feeding. The upregulation of E-cadherin was dependent on TLR4 and IFNAR signaling, triggering CD103 expression in lymphocytes. Q reinforced the E-cadherin-αEβ7 axis, crucial for intestinal barrier integrity and contributed to the localization of lymphocytes on the epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Moine
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica-Facultad de Ciencias Químicas-Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | | | - Silvina R Salinas
- Centro de Excelencia en Productos Y Procesos de Córdoba (CEPROCOR), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ismael D Bianco
- Centro de Excelencia en Productos Y Procesos de Córdoba (CEPROCOR), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Carina Porporatto
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Villa María (UNVM), Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Silvia G Correa
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica-Facultad de Ciencias Químicas-Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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17
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Bretscher PA. A Plausible Framework Reveals Potential Similarities in the Regulation of Immunity against Some Cancers and Some Infectious Agents: Implications for Prevention and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1431. [PMID: 38611110 PMCID: PMC11010850 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Different frameworks, which are currently employed to understand how immune responses are regulated, can account for different observations reported in the classical literature. I have argued that the predominant frameworks, employed over the last two/three decades to analyze the circumstances that determine whether an immune response is generated or this potential is ablated, and that determine the class of immunity an antigen induces, are inconsistent with diverse classical observations. These observations are "paradoxical" within the context of these frameworks and, consequently, tend to be ignored by most contemporary researchers. One such observation is that low and high doses of diverse types of antigen result, respectively, in cell-mediated and IgG antibody responses. I suggest these paradoxes render these frameworks implausible. An alternative framework, The Threshold Hypothesis, accounts for the paradoxical observations. Some frameworks are judged more plausible when found to be valuable in understanding findings in fields beyond their original compass. I explore here how the Threshold Hypothesis, initially based on studies with chemically well-defined and "simple antigens", most often a purified protein, can nevertheless shed light on diverse classical and more recent observations in the fields of immunity against cancer and against infectious agents, thus revealing common, immune mechanisms. Most cancers and some pathogens are best contained by cell-mediated immunity. The success of the Threshold Hypothesis has encouraged me to employ it as a basis for proposing strategies to prevent and to treat cancer and those infectious diseases caused by pathogens best contained by a cell-mediated attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Bretscher
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada
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18
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Wørzner K, Zimmermann J, Buhl R, Desoi A, Christensen D, Dietrich J, Nguyen NDNT, Lindenstrøm T, Woodworth JS, Alhakeem RS, Yu S, Ødum N, Mortensen R, Ashouri JF, Pedersen GK. Repeated immunization with ATRA-containing liposomal adjuvant transdifferentiates Th17 cells to a Tr1-like phenotype. J Autoimmun 2024; 144:103174. [PMID: 38377868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
In many autoimmune diseases, autoantigen-specific Th17 cells play a pivotal role in disease pathogenesis. Th17 cells can transdifferentiate into other T cell subsets in inflammatory conditions, however, there have been no attempts to target Th17 cell plasticity using vaccines. We investigated if autoantigen-specific Th17 cells could be specifically targeted using a therapeutic vaccine approach, where antigen was formulated in all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-containing liposomes, permitting co-delivery of antigen and ATRA to the same target cell. Whilst ATRA was previously found to broadly reduce Th17 responses, we found that antigen formulated in ATRA-containing cationic liposomes only inhibited Th17 cells in an antigen-specific manner and not when combined with an irrelevant antigen. Furthermore, this approach shifted existing Th17 cells away from IL-17A expression and transcriptomic analysis of sorted Th17 lineage cells from IL-17 fate reporter mice revealed a shift of antigen-specific Th17 cells to exTh17 cells, expressing functional markers associated with T cell regulation and tolerance. In the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS, vaccination with myelin-specific (MOG) antigen in ATRA-containing liposomes reduced Th17 responses and alleviated disease. This highlights the potential of therapeutic vaccination for changing the phenotype of existing Th17 cells in the context of immune mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Wørzner
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Julie Zimmermann
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Regitze Buhl
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Desoi
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jes Dietrich
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Thomas Lindenstrøm
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joshua S Woodworth
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Steven Yu
- Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Niels Ødum
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Mortensen
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Judith F Ashouri
- Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Gabriel K Pedersen
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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19
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Moreau GB, Naz F, Petri WA. Fecal microbiota transplantation stimulates type 2 and tolerogenic immune responses in a mouse model. Anaerobe 2024; 86:102841. [PMID: 38521227 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the leading hospital-acquired infection in North America. While previous work on fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), a highly effective treatment for CDI, has focused on colonization resistance mounted against C. difficile by FMT-delivered commensals, the effects of FMT on host gene expression are relatively unexplored. This study aims to identify transcriptional changes associated with FMT, particularly changes associated with protective immune responses. METHODS Gene expression was assessed on day 2 and day 7 after FMT in mice after antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. Flow cytometry was also performed on colon and mesenteric lymph nodes at day 7 to investigate changes in immune cell populations. RESULTS FMT administration after antibiotic-induced dysbiosis successfully restored microbial alpha diversity to levels of donor mice by day 7 post-FMT. Bulk RNA sequencing of cecal tissue at day 2 identified immune genes, including both pro-inflammatory and Type 2 immune pathways as upregulated after FMT. RNA sequencing was repeated on day 7 post-FMT, and expression of these immune genes was decreased along with upregulation of genes associated with restoration of intestinal homeostasis. Immunoprofiling on day 7 identified increased colonic CD45+ immune cells that exhibited dampened Type 1 and heightened regulatory and Type 2 responses. These include an increased abundance of eosinophils, alternatively activated macrophages, Th2, and T regulatory cell populations. CONCLUSION These results highlight the impact of FMT on host gene expression, providing evidence that FMT restores intestinal homeostasis after antibiotic treatment and facilitates tolerogenic and Type 2 immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Brett Moreau
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Farha Naz
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - William A Petri
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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20
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Wang Z, Shen J. The role of goblet cells in Crohn' s disease. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:43. [PMID: 38561835 PMCID: PMC10985922 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01220-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of Crohn's disease (CD), a subtype of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is increasing worldwide. The pathogenesis of CD is hypothesized to be related to environmental, genetic, immunological, and bacterial factors. Current studies have indicated that intestinal epithelial cells, including columnar, Paneth, M, tuft, and goblet cells dysfunctions, are strongly associated with these pathogenic factors. In particular, goblet cells dysfunctions have been shown to be related to CD pathogenesis by direct or indirect ways, according to the emerging studies. The mucus barrier was established with the help of mucins secreted by goblet cells. Not only do the mucins mediate the mucus barrier permeability and bacterium selection, but also, they are closely linked with the endothelial reticulum stress during the synthesis process. Goblet cells also play a vital role in immune response. It was indicated that goblet cells take part in the antigen presentation and cytokines secretion process. Disrupted goblet cells related immune process were widely discovered in CD patients. Meanwhile, dysbiosis of commensal and pathogenic microbiota can induce myriad immune responses through mucus and goblet cell-associated antigen passage. Microbiome dysbiosis lead to inflammatory reaction against pathogenic bacteria and abnormal tolerogenic response. All these three pathways, including the loss of mucus barrier function, abnormal immune reaction, and microbiome dysbiosis, may have independent or cooperative effect on the CD pathogenesis. However, many of the specific mechanisms underlying these pathways remain unclear. Based on the current understandings of goblet cell's role in CD pathogenesis, substances including butyrate, PPARγagonist, Farnesoid X receptor agonist, nuclear factor-Kappa B, nitrate, cytokines mediators, dietary and nutrient therapies were all found to have potential therapeutic effects on CD by regulating the goblet cells mediated pathways. Several monoclonal antibodies already in use for the treatment of CD in the clinical settings were also found to have some goblet cells related therapeutic targets. In this review, we introduce the disease-related functions of goblet cells, their relationship with CD, their possible mechanisms, and current CD treatments targeting goblet cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baoshan Branch, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, No.160 PuJian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baoshan Branch, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, No.160 PuJian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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21
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Alvarez F, Liu Z, Bay A, Piccirillo CA. Deciphering the developmental trajectory of tissue-resident Foxp3 + regulatory T cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1331846. [PMID: 38605970 PMCID: PMC11007185 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1331846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Foxp3+ TREG cells have been at the focus of intense investigation for their recognized roles in preventing autoimmunity, facilitating tissue recuperation following injury, and orchestrating a tolerance to innocuous non-self-antigens. To perform these critical tasks, TREG cells undergo deep epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional changes that allow them to adapt to conditions found in tissues both at steady-state and during inflammation. The path leading TREG cells to express these tissue-specialized phenotypes begins during thymic development, and is further driven by epigenetic and transcriptional modifications following TCR engagement and polarizing signals in the periphery. However, this process is highly regulated and requires TREG cells to adopt strategies to avoid losing their regulatory program altogether. Here, we review the origins of tissue-resident TREG cells, from their thymic and peripheral development to the transcriptional regulators involved in their tissue residency program. In addition, we discuss the distinct signalling pathways that engage the inflammatory adaptation of tissue-resident TREG cells, and how they relate to their ability to recognize tissue and pathogen-derived danger signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Alvarez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global Health Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology (CETI), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Zhiyang Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global Health Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology (CETI), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Bay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global Health Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology (CETI), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ciriaco A. Piccirillo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global Health Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology (CETI), Montréal, QC, Canada
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22
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Sekiya T, Hidano S, Takaki S. Tonic TCR and IL-1β signaling mediate phenotypic alterations of naive CD4 + T cells. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113954. [PMID: 38492221 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Inert naive CD4+ T (TN) cells differentiate into functional T helper (Th) or regulatory T (Treg) cell subsets upon encountering antigens, mediating properly directed immune responses. Although all TN cells can differentiate into any of the Th and Treg cell subsets, heterogeneity exists among TN cells. By constructing reporter mice to detect ongoing T cell receptor (TCR) signaling, we identify that interleukin (IL)-1β signaling affects TN cell characteristics, independent of tonic TCR signaling, which also alters TN cell phenotypes. IL-1β reversibly attenuates the differentiation potential of TN cells toward Treg cells. IL-1β signaling is elevated in the splenic TN cells, consequently attenuating their differentiation potential toward Treg cells. Aberrant elevation of IL-1β signaling augments colitogenic activities of TN cells. TN cells in patients with colitis exhibited elevated IL-1β signaling. We demonstrate that phenotypic alteration in TN cells by IL-1β is an important mechanism in the regulation of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sekiya
- Section of Immune Response Modification, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8516, Japan; Department of Immune Regulation, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8516, Japan.
| | - Shinya Hidano
- Department of Immune Regulation, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8516, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takaki
- Department of Immune Regulation, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8516, Japan
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23
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Soedono S, Sharlene S, Vo DHN, Averia M, Rosalie EE, Lee YK, Cho KW. Obese visceral adipose dendritic cells downregulate regulatory T cell development through IL-33. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1335651. [PMID: 38566998 PMCID: PMC10985834 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1335651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) residing in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) play a pivotal role in regulating tissue inflammation and metabolic dysfunction associated with obesity. However, the specific phenotypic and functional characteristics of Tregs in obese VAT, as well as the regulatory mechanisms shaping them, remain elusive. This study demonstrates that obesity selectively reduces Tregs in VAT, characterized by restrained proliferation, heightened PD-1 expression, and diminished ST2 expression. Additionally, obese VAT displays distinctive maturation of dendritic cells (DCs), marked by elevated expressions of MHC-II, CD86, and PD-L1, which are inversely correlated with VAT Tregs. In an in vitro co-culture experiment, only obese VAT DCs, not macrophages or DCs from subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and spleen, result in decreased Treg differentiation and proliferation. Furthermore, Tregs differentiated by obese VAT DCs exhibit distinct characteristics resembling those of Tregs in obese VAT, such as reduced ST2 and IL-10 expression. Mechanistically, obesity lowers IL-33 production in VAT DCs, contributing to the diminished Treg differentiation. These findings collectively underscore the critical role of VAT DCs in modulating Treg generation and shaping Treg phenotype and function during obesity, potentially contributing to the regulation of VAT Treg populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shindy Soedono
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sharlene Sharlene
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dan Hoang Nguyet Vo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Maria Averia
- Magister of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Eufrasia Elaine Rosalie
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Food Technology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yun Kyung Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kae Won Cho
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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24
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Rad LM, Arellano G, Podojil JR, O'Konek JJ, Shea LD, Miller SD. Engineering nanoparticle therapeutics for food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:549-559. [PMID: 37926124 PMCID: PMC10939913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Food allergy is a growing public health issue among children and adults that can lead to life-threatening anaphylaxis following allergen exposure. The criterion standard for disease management includes food avoidance and emergency epinephrine administration because current allergen-specific immunotherapy treatments are limited by adverse events and unsustained desensitization. A promising approach to remedy these shortcomings is the use of nanoparticle-based therapies that disrupt disease-driving immune mechanisms and induce more sustained tolerogenic immune pathways. The pathophysiology of food allergy includes multifaceted interactions between effector immune cells, including lymphocytes, antigen-presenting cells, mast cells, and basophils, mainly characterized by a TH2 cell response. Regulatory T cells, TH1 cell responses, and suppression of other major allergic effector cells have been found to be major drivers of beneficial outcomes in these nanoparticle therapies. Engineered nanoparticle formulations that have shown efficacy at reducing allergic responses and revealed new mechanisms of tolerance include polymeric-, lipid-, and emulsion-based nanotherapeutics. This review highlights the recent engineering design of these nanoparticles, the mechanisms induced by them, and their future potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila M Rad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Gabriel Arellano
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill; Center for Human Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill
| | - Joseph R Podojil
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill; Center for Human Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill; Cour Pharmaceutical Development Company, Skokie, Ill
| | - Jessica J O'Konek
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Mich.
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
| | - Stephen D Miller
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill; Center for Human Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill.
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25
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Caricasulo MA, Zanetti A, Terao M, Garattini E, Paroni G. Cellular and micro-environmental responses influencing the antitumor activity of all-trans retinoic acid in breast cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:127. [PMID: 38360674 PMCID: PMC10870483 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01492-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is the most relevant and functionally active metabolite of Vitamin-A. From a therapeutic standpoint, ATRA is the first example of pharmacological agent exerting its anti-tumor activity via a cell differentiating action. In the clinics, ATRA is used in the treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia, a rare form of myeloid leukemia with unprecedented therapeutic results. The extraordinary effectiveness of ATRA in the treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia patients has raised interest in evaluating the potential of this natural retinoid in the treatment of other types of neoplasias, with particular reference to solid tumors.The present article provides an overview of the available pre-clinical and clinical studies focussing on ATRA as a therapeutic agent in the context of breast cancer from a holistic point of view. In detail, we focus on the direct effects of ATRA in breast cancer cells as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms of action. In addition, we summarize the available information on the action exerted by ATRA on the breast cancer micro-environment, an emerging determinant of the progression and invasive behaviour of solid tumors. In particular we discuss the recent evidences of ATRA activity on the immune system. Finally, we analyse and discuss the results obtained with the few ATRA-based clinical trials conducted in the context of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Azzurra Caricasulo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri, 2, Milan, 20156, Italy
| | - Adriana Zanetti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri, 2, Milan, 20156, Italy
| | - Mineko Terao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri, 2, Milan, 20156, Italy
| | - Enrico Garattini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri, 2, Milan, 20156, Italy
| | - Gabriela Paroni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri, 2, Milan, 20156, Italy.
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26
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Tilsed CM, Morales MLO, Zemek RM, Gordon BA, Piggott MJ, Nowak AK, Fisher SA, Lake RA, Lesterhuis WJ. Tretinoin improves the anti-cancer response to cyclophosphamide, in a model-selective manner. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:203. [PMID: 38350880 PMCID: PMC10865642 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11915-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy is included in treatment regimens for many solid cancers, but when administered as a single agent it is rarely curative. The addition of immune checkpoint therapy to standard chemotherapy regimens has improved response rates and increased survival in some cancers. However, most patients do not respond to treatment and immune checkpoint therapy can cause severe side effects. Therefore, there is a need for alternative immunomodulatory drugs that enhance chemotherapy. METHODS We used gene expression data from cyclophosphamide (CY) responders and non-responders to identify existing clinically approved drugs that could phenocopy a chemosensitive tumor microenvironment (TME), and tested combination treatments in multiple murine cancer models. RESULTS The vitamin A derivative tretinoin was the top predicted upstream regulator of response to CY. Tretinoin pre-treatment induced an inflammatory, interferon-associated TME, with increased infiltration of CD8 + T cells, sensitizing the tumor to subsequent chemotherapy. However, while combination treatment significantly improved survival and cure rate in a CD4+ and CD8+ T cell dependent manner in AB1-HA murine mesothelioma, this effect was model-selective, and could not be replicated using other cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Despite the promising data in one model, the inability to validate the efficacy of combination treatment in multiple cancer models deprioritizes tretinoin/cyclophosphamide combination therapy for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M Tilsed
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, 6009, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, 6009, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Institute for Respiratory Health, 6101, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Rachael M Zemek
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, 6872, West Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Brianna A Gordon
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 6009, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Matthew J Piggott
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 6009, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Anna K Nowak
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, 6009, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, 6009, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Institute for Respiratory Health, 6101, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, 6009, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Scott A Fisher
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, 6009, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, 6009, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Institute for Respiratory Health, 6101, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Richard A Lake
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, 6009, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, 6009, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Institute for Respiratory Health, 6101, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - W Joost Lesterhuis
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, 6009, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, 6009, Crawley, WA, Australia.
- Institute for Respiratory Health, 6101, Perth, WA, Australia.
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, 6872, West Perth, WA, Australia.
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27
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Roth-Walter F, Berni Canani R, O'Mahony L, Peroni D, Sokolowska M, Vassilopoulou E, Venter C. Nutrition in chronic inflammatory conditions: Bypassing the mucosal block for micronutrients. Allergy 2024; 79:353-383. [PMID: 38084827 DOI: 10.1111/all.15972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Nutritional Immunity is one of the most ancient innate immune responses, during which the body can restrict nutrients availability to pathogens and restricts their uptake by the gut mucosa (mucosal block). Though this can be a beneficial strategy during infection, it also is associated with non-communicable diseases-where the pathogen is missing; leading to increased morbidity and mortality as micronutritional uptake and distribution in the body is hindered. Here, we discuss the acute immune response in respect to nutrients, the opposing nutritional demands of regulatory and inflammatory cells and particularly focus on some nutrients linked with inflammation such as iron, vitamins A, Bs, C, and other antioxidants. We propose that while the absorption of certain micronutrients is hindered during inflammation, the dietary lymph path remains available. As such, several clinical trials investigated the role of the lymphatic system during protein absorption, following a ketogenic diet and an increased intake of antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, in reducing inflammation and ameliorating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Roth-Walter
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roberto Berni Canani
- Department of Translational Medical Science and ImmunoNutritionLab at CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Department of Medicine, School of Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Diego Peroni
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Emilia Vassilopoulou
- Pediatric Area, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Carina Venter
- Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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28
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Peña-Juárez MC, Guadarrama-Escobar OR, Serrano-Castañeda P, Méndez-Albores A, Vázquez-Durán A, Vera-Graziano R, Rodríguez-Pérez B, Salgado-Machuca M, Anguiano-Almazán E, Morales-Florido MI, Rodríguez-Cruz IM, Escobar-Chávez JJ. Synergistic Effect of Retinoic Acid and Lactoferrin in the Maintenance of Gut Homeostasis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:78. [PMID: 38254678 PMCID: PMC10813542 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is a glycoprotein that binds to iron ions (Fe2+) and other metallic ions, such as Mg2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+, and has antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties. The antibacterial properties of LF are due to its ability to sequester iron. The immunomodulatory capability of LF promotes homeostasis in the enteric environment, acting directly on the beneficial microbiota. LF can modulate antigen-presenting cell (APC) biology, including migration and cell activation. Nonetheless, some gut microbiota strains produce toxic metabolites, and APCs are responsible for initiating the process that inhibits the inflammatory response against them. Thus, eliminating harmful strains lowers the risk of inducing chronic inflammation, and consequently, metabolic disease, which can progress to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). LF and retinoic acid (RA) exhibit immunomodulatory properties such as decreasing cytokine production, thus modifying the inflammatory response. Their activities have been observed both in vitro and in vivo. The combined, simultaneous effect of these molecules has not been studied; however, the synergistic effect of LF and RA may be employed for enhancing the secretion of humoral factors, such as IgA. We speculate that the combination of LF and RA could be a potential prophylactic alternative for the treatment of metabolic dysregulations such as T2DM. The present review focuses on the importance of a healthy diet for a balanced gut and describes how probiotics and prebiotics with immunomodulatory activity as well as inductors of differentiation and cell proliferation could be acquired directly from the diet or indirectly through the oral administration of formulations aimed to maintain gut health or restore a eubiotic state in an intestinal environment that has been dysregulated by external factors such as stress and a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma. Concepción Peña-Juárez
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Lab-12 (Sistemas Transdérmicos y Materiales Nanoestructurados), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán Teoloyucan, Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (M.C.P.-J.); (O.R.G.-E.); (P.S.-C.); (M.S.-M.); (E.A.-A.); (M.I.M.-F.)
| | - Omar Rodrigo Guadarrama-Escobar
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Lab-12 (Sistemas Transdérmicos y Materiales Nanoestructurados), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán Teoloyucan, Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (M.C.P.-J.); (O.R.G.-E.); (P.S.-C.); (M.S.-M.); (E.A.-A.); (M.I.M.-F.)
| | - Pablo Serrano-Castañeda
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Lab-12 (Sistemas Transdérmicos y Materiales Nanoestructurados), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán Teoloyucan, Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (M.C.P.-J.); (O.R.G.-E.); (P.S.-C.); (M.S.-M.); (E.A.-A.); (M.I.M.-F.)
| | - Abraham Méndez-Albores
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Lab-14 (Ciencia y Tecnología de los Materiales), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán Teoloyucan, Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (A.M.-A.); (A.V.-D.)
| | - Alma Vázquez-Durán
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Lab-14 (Ciencia y Tecnología de los Materiales), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán Teoloyucan, Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (A.M.-A.); (A.V.-D.)
| | - Ricardo Vera-Graziano
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-360, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Betsabé Rodríguez-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Servicio de Análisis de Propóleos (LASAP), Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria (UIM), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico;
| | - Mariana Salgado-Machuca
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Lab-12 (Sistemas Transdérmicos y Materiales Nanoestructurados), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán Teoloyucan, Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (M.C.P.-J.); (O.R.G.-E.); (P.S.-C.); (M.S.-M.); (E.A.-A.); (M.I.M.-F.)
| | - Ericka Anguiano-Almazán
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Lab-12 (Sistemas Transdérmicos y Materiales Nanoestructurados), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán Teoloyucan, Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (M.C.P.-J.); (O.R.G.-E.); (P.S.-C.); (M.S.-M.); (E.A.-A.); (M.I.M.-F.)
| | - Miriam Isabel Morales-Florido
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Lab-12 (Sistemas Transdérmicos y Materiales Nanoestructurados), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán Teoloyucan, Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (M.C.P.-J.); (O.R.G.-E.); (P.S.-C.); (M.S.-M.); (E.A.-A.); (M.I.M.-F.)
- Laboratorio de Farmacia Molecular y Liberación Controlada, Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Isabel Marlene Rodríguez-Cruz
- Unidad de Enseñanza e Investigación, Hospital Regional e Alta Especialidad de Sumpango, Carretera Zumpango-Jilotzingo #400, Barrio de Santiago, 2ª Sección, Zumpango 55600, Mexico;
| | - José Juan Escobar-Chávez
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Lab-12 (Sistemas Transdérmicos y Materiales Nanoestructurados), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán Teoloyucan, Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (M.C.P.-J.); (O.R.G.-E.); (P.S.-C.); (M.S.-M.); (E.A.-A.); (M.I.M.-F.)
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29
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Kulkarni DH, Talati K, Joyce EL, Kousik H, Harris DL, Floyd AN, Vavrinyuk V, Barrios B, Udayan S, McDonald K, John V, Hsieh CS, Newberry RD. Small Intestinal Goblet Cells Control Humoral Immune Responses and Mobilization During Enteric Infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.06.573891. [PMID: 38260555 PMCID: PMC10802374 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.06.573891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Humoral immune responses within the gut play diverse roles including pathogen clearance during enteric infections, maintaining tolerance, and facilitating the assemblage and stability of the gut microbiota. How these humoral immune responses are initiated and contribute to these processes are well studied. However, the signals promoting the expansion of these responses and their rapid mobilization to the gut mucosa are less well understood. Intestinal goblet cells form goblet cell-associated antigen passages (GAPs) to deliver luminal antigens to the underlying immune system and facilitate tolerance. GAPs are rapidly inhibited during enteric infection to prevent inflammatory responses to innocuous luminal antigens. Here we interrogate GAP inhibition as a key physiological response required for effective humoral immunity. Independent of infection, GAP inhibition resulted in enrichment of transcripts representing B cell recruitment, expansion, and differentiation into plasma cells in the small intestine (SI), which were confirmed by flow cytometry and ELISpot assays. Further we observed an expansion of isolated lymphoid follicles within the SI, as well as expansion of plasma cells in the bone marrow upon GAP inhibition. S1PR1-induced blockade of leukocyte trafficking during GAP inhibition resulted in a blunting of SI plasma cell expansion, suggesting that mobilization of plasma cells from the bone marrow contributes to their expansion in the gut. However, luminal IgA secretion was only observed in the presence of S. typhimurium infection, suggesting that although GAP inhibition mobilizes a mucosal humoral immune response, a second signal is required for full effector function. Overriding GAP inhibition during enteric infection abrogated the expansion of laminar propria IgA+ plasma cells. We conclude that GAP inhibition is a required physiological response for efficiently mobilizing mucosal humoral immunity in response to enteric infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesha H. Kulkarni
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Khushi Talati
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elisabeth L. Joyce
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hrishi Kousik
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dalia L. Harris
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexandria N. Floyd
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vitaly Vavrinyuk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bibianna Barrios
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sreeram Udayan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Keely McDonald
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vini John
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chyi-Song Hsieh
- Division of Rheumatology John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rodney D. Newberry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Bernier-Latmani J, González-Loyola A, Petrova TV. Mechanisms and functions of intestinal vascular specialization. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20222008. [PMID: 38051275 PMCID: PMC10697212 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20222008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal vasculature has been studied for the last 100 years, and its essential role in absorbing and distributing ingested nutrients is well known. Recently, fascinating new insights into the organization, molecular mechanisms, and functions of intestinal vessels have emerged. These include maintenance of intestinal epithelial cell function, coping with microbiota-induced inflammatory pressure, recruiting gut-specific immune cells, and crosstalk with other organs. Intestinal function is also regulated at the systemic and cellular levels, such that the postprandial hyperemic response can direct up to 30% of systemic blood to gut vessels, while micron-sized endothelial cell fenestrations are necessary for nutrient uptake. In this review, we will highlight past discoveries made about intestinal vasculature in the context of new findings of molecular mechanisms underpinning gut function. Such comprehensive understanding of the system will pave the way to breakthroughs in nutrient uptake optimization, drug delivery efficiency, and treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah Bernier-Latmani
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Tatiana V. Petrova
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Li J, Gong Y, Wang Y, Huang H, Du H, Cheng L, Ma C, Cai Y, Han H, Tao J, Li G, Cheng P. Classification of regulatory T cells and their role in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 186:94-106. [PMID: 38000204 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is closely related to the final infarct size in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Therefore, reducing MIRI can effectively improve the prognosis of AMI patients. At the same time, the healing process after AMI is closely related to the local inflammatory microenvironment. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) can regulate various physiological and pathological immune inflammatory responses and play an important role in regulating the immune inflammatory response after AMI. However, different subtypes of Tregs have different effects on MIRI, and the same subtype of Tregs may also have different effects at different stages of MIRI. This article systematically reviews the classification and function of Tregs, as well as the role of various subtypes of Tregs in MIRI. A comprehensive understanding of the role of each subtype of Tregs can help design effective methods to control immune reactions, reduce MIRI, and provide new potential therapeutic options for AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang 641100, China
| | - Yajun Gong
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yiren Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Huihui Huang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Huan Du
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Lianying Cheng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Cui Ma
- Department of Mathematics, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yongxiang Cai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Hukui Han
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Jianhong Tao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Gang Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Panke Cheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Ultrasound in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Biomechanics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610072, China.
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Kawakami R, Sakaguchi S. Regulatory T Cells for Control of Autoimmunity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1444:67-82. [PMID: 38467973 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-9781-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells, which specifically express the master transcription factor FoxP3, are indispensable for the maintenance of immunological self-tolerance and homeostasis. Their functional or numerical anomalies can be causative of autoimmune and other inflammatory diseases. Recent advances in the research of the cellular and molecular basis of how Treg cells develop, exert suppression, and maintain their function have enabled devising various ways for controlling physiological and pathological immune responses by targeting Treg cells. It is now envisaged that Treg cells as a "living drug" are able to achieve antigen-specific immune suppression of various immune responses and reestablish immunological self-tolerance in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Kawakami
- Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Gambirasi M, Safa A, Vruzhaj I, Giacomin A, Sartor F, Toffoli G. Oral Administration of Cancer Vaccines: Challenges and Future Perspectives. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 12:26. [PMID: 38250839 PMCID: PMC10821404 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer vaccines, a burgeoning strategy in cancer treatment, are exploring innovative administration routes to enhance patient and medical staff experiences, as well as immunological outcomes. Among these, oral administration has surfaced as a particularly noteworthy approach, which is attributed to its capacity to ignite both humoral and cellular immune responses at systemic and mucosal tiers, thereby potentially bolstering vaccine efficacy comprehensively and durably. Notwithstanding this, the deployment of vaccines through the oral route in a clinical context is impeded by multifaceted challenges, predominantly stemming from the intricacy of orchestrating effective oral immunogenicity and necessitating strategic navigation through gastrointestinal barriers. Based on the immunogenicity of the gastrointestinal tract, this review critically analyses the challenges and recent advances and provides insights into the future development of oral cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gambirasi
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (M.G.); (I.V.); (F.S.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Amin Safa
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (M.G.); (I.V.); (F.S.)
- Doctoral School in Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 98616-15881, Iran
| | - Idris Vruzhaj
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (M.G.); (I.V.); (F.S.)
- Doctoral School in Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Aurora Giacomin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Franca Sartor
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (M.G.); (I.V.); (F.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (M.G.); (I.V.); (F.S.)
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Neyens D, Hirsch T, Abdel Aziz Issa Abdel Hadi A, Dauguet N, Vanhaver C, Bayard A, Wildmann C, Luyckx M, Squifflet JL, D’Hondt Q, Duhamel C, Huaux A, Montiel V, Dechamps M, van der Bruggen P. HELIOS-expressing human CD8 T cells exhibit limited effector functions. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1308539. [PMID: 38187391 PMCID: PMC10770868 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1308539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The transcription factor HELIOS is primarily known for its expression in CD4 regulatory T cells, both in humans and mice. In mice, HELIOS is found in exhausted CD8 T cells. However, information on human HELIOS+ CD8 T cells is limited and conflicting. Methods In this study, we characterized by flow cytometry and transcriptomic analyses human HELIOS+ CD8 T cells. Results These T cells primarily consist of memory cells and constitute approximately 21% of blood CD8 T cells. In comparison with memory HELIOS- T-BEThigh CD8 T cells that displayed robust effector functions, the memory HELIOS+ T-BEThigh CD8 T cells produce lower amounts of IFN-γ and TNF-α and have a lower cytotoxic potential. We wondered if these cells participate in the immune response against viral antigens, but did not find HELIOS+ cells among CD8 T cells recognizing CMV peptides presented by HLA-A2 and HLA-B7. However, we found HELIOS+ CD8 T cells that recognize a CMV peptide presented by MHC class Ib molecule HLA-E. Additionally, a portion of HELIOS+ CD8 T cells is characterized by the expression of CD161, often used as a surface marker for identifying TC17 cells. These CD8 T cells express TH17/TC17-related genes encoding RORgt, RORa, PLZF, and CCL20. Discussion Our findings emphasize that HELIOS is expressed across various CD8 T cell populations, highlighting its significance beyond its role as a transcription factor for Treg or exhausted murine CD8 T cells. The significance of the connection between HELIOS and HLA-E restriction is yet to be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Neyens
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thibault Hirsch
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Nicolas Dauguet
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Alexandre Bayard
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claude Wildmann
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Luyckx
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Département de gynécologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Luc Squifflet
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Département de gynécologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Quentin D’Hondt
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Céline Duhamel
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Antoine Huaux
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Virginie Montiel
- Unité de soins intensifs, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mélanie Dechamps
- Unité de soins intensifs, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre van der Bruggen
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Wavre, Belgium
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Taha M, Elazab ST, Abdelbagi O, Saati AA, Babateen O, Baokbah TAS, Qusty NF, Mahmoud ME, Ibrahim MM, Badawy AM. Phytochemical analysis of Origanum majorana L. extract and investigation of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects against experimentally induced colitis downregulating Th17 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116826. [PMID: 37348796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Origanum majorana L. is a member of the Lamiaceae family and is commonly used in Egyptian cuisine as a seasoning and flavor enhancer. It is also recognized as a well-known traditional medicine in Egypt and is widely used for treating abdominal colic due to its antispasmodic properties. However, the protective effects of Origanum majorana L. against ulcerative colitis and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to identify the biologically active components present in methanol extracts of Origanum majorana L. using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Additionally, it aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of these extracts on acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis and elucidate the potential mechanisms involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a GC-MS analysis of the methanolic extract obtained from Origanum majorana L. Thirty-two male rats were included in the study and divided into four experimental groups, with eight rats in each group: sham, UC, UC + O. majorana, and UC sulfasalazine. After euthanizing the rats, colon tissue samples were collected for gross and microscopic examinations, assessment of oxidative stress, and molecular evaluation. GC-MS analysis identified 15 components in the extracts. Pretreatment with O. majorana L. extract and sulfasalazine significantly improved the disease activity index (DAI) and resulted in notable improvements in macroscopic and microscopic colon findings. Additionally, both treatments demonstrated preventive effects against colonic oxidative damage by reducing the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and increasing the levels of the antioxidant systems superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH), which operate through the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Moreover, these treatments downregulated the colonic inflammatory cascade by inhibiting NFκB, TNFα, IL-1β, IL6, IL23, IL17, COX-2, and iNOS, subsequently leading to downregulation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and a decrease in the Th17 cell response. Furthermore, a reduction in the number of apoptotic epithelial cells that expressed caspase-3 was observed. CONCLUSION pretreatment with O. majorana L. extract significantly ameliorated acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis. This effect could be attributed to the protective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties of the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medhat Taha
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt; Department of Anatomy, Al- Qunfudah Medical College, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Qunfudhah, 28814, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sara T Elazab
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Omer Abdelbagi
- Department of Pathology, Qunfudah Faculty of Medicine, Umm-Al-Qura University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Makka, 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Saati
- Department of Community Medicine and Pilgrims Healthcare, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Babateen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tourki A S Baokbah
- Department of Medical Emergency Services, College of Health Sciences-AlQunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Qunfudah, 28814, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naeem F Qusty
- Medical Laboratories Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Ezzat Mahmoud
- Histology Department, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, 34711, Egypt
| | - Mohie Mahmoud Ibrahim
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Alaa M Badawy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Ghahramanipour Z, Alipour S, Masoumi J, Rostamlou A, Hatami-Sadr A, Heris JA, Naseri B, Jafarlou M, Baradaran B. Regulation of Dendritic Cell Functions by Vitamins as Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Immune System Disorders. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300142. [PMID: 37423961 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
A functional immune system is crucial for a healthy life, protecting from infections, tumors, or autoimmune disorders; these are accomplished by the interaction between various immune cells. Nourishment, particularly micronutrients, are very important components in the immune system balance, therefore this review emphasizes the vitamins (D, E, A, C) and Dendritic cells' subsets due to vitamins' roles in immune processes, especially on dendritic cells' functions, maturation, and cytokine production. Current studies reveal significant benefits related to vitamins, including vitamin E, which can contribute to the control of dendritic cells' function and maturation. Furthermore, vitamin D plays an immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory role in the immune system. Metabolite of vitamin A which is called retinoic acid leads to T cells' differentiation to T helper 1 or T helper 17, so low levels of this vitamin exacerbate the menace of infectious diseases, and vitamin C has anti-oxidant effects on dendritic cells and modulate their activation and differentiation program. Additionally, the correlation between the amount of vitamin and the occurrence or progression of allergic diseases and autoimmunity disorders is discussed according to the results of previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ghahramanipour
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
| | - Shiva Alipour
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5165665931, Iran
| | - Javad Masoumi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
| | - Arman Rostamlou
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of EGE, Izmir, 35040, Turkey
| | | | - Javad Ahmadian Heris
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
| | - Bahar Naseri
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
| | - Mahdi Jafarlou
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
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Wang Q, Lu Q, Jia S, Zhao M. Gut immune microenvironment and autoimmunity. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110842. [PMID: 37643491 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
A variety of immune cells or tissues are present in the gut to form the gut immune microenvironment by interacting with gut microbiota, and to maintain the gut immune homeostasis. Accumulating evidence indicated that gut microbiota dysbiosis might break the homeostasis of the gut immune microenvironment, which was associated with many health problems including autoimmune diseases. Moreover, disturbance of the gut immune microenvironment can also induce extra-intestinal autoimmune disorders through the migration of intestinal pro-inflammatory effector cells from the intestine to peripheral inflamed sites. This review discussed the composition of the gut immune microenvironment and its association with autoimmunity. These findings are expected to provide new insights into the pathogenesis of various autoimmune disorders, as well as novel strategies for the prevention and treatment against related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaolin Wang
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Sujie Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Ming Zhao
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210042, China.
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Liu L, Feng J, Jiang S, Zhou S, Yan M, Zhang Z, Wang W, Liu Y, Zhang J. Anti-inflammatory and intestinal microbiota modulation properties of Ganoderma lucidum β-d-glucans with different molecular weight in an ulcerative colitis model. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126351. [PMID: 37597635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
This study systematically investigated the therapeutic effects and the corresponding mechanisms of β-D-glucans from Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) with different molecular weights (Mws) on ulcerative colitis (UC). Results showed that three β-d-glucans (GLPS, GLPN and GLPW) from G. lucidum with different Mws exhibited the significant activities on the reduction of typical symptoms of UC by regulating inflammatory cytokine levels, modulating intestinal immunity, improving intestinal microbiota and metabolism of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mice model. Among them, the effects of the microwave assisted degraded fraction (GLPW) mainly containing two fractions with smaller Mw (1.33 × 104 and 3.51 × 103 g/mol) on the regulation of inflammatory factors and SCFAs metabolism were found to be comparable to those of GLPN with medium Mw (3.49 × 104 g/mol), and superior to those of GLPS with large Mw (2.42 × 106 g/mol). The effect of GLPW on regulation of intestinal microbiota was even better than that of GLPN. These findings suggested that lowering Mw by means of physical degradation could improve the anti-inflammatory activities of G. lucidum β-d-glucans. The analysis of anti-inflammatory mechanism also provided a feasible and theoretical basis for potential use of degraded β-d-glucans in the prevention and treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Liu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Siqi Jiang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China.
| | - Mengqiu Yan
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China.
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Wenhan Wang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China.
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China.
| | - Jingsong Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China.
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Laudisi F, Stolfi C, Monteleone I, Monteleone G. TGF-β1 signaling and Smad7 control T-cell responses in health and immune-mediated disorders. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350460. [PMID: 37611637 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, a member of the TGF-β superfamily, is produced by many immune and nonimmune cells and has pleiotropic effects on both innate and adaptive immunity, especially in the control of T-cell differentiation and function. Consistently, loss of TGF-β1 function is associated with exacerbated T-cell-dependent inflammatory responses that culminate in pathological processes in allergic and immune-mediated diseases. In this review, we highlight the roles of TGF-β1 in immunity, focusing mainly on its ability to promote differentiation of regulatory T cells, T helper (Th)-17, and Th9 cells, thus contributing to amplifying or restricting T-cell responses in health and human diseases (e.g., inflammatory bowel diseases, type 1 diabetes, asthma, and MS). In addition, we discuss the involvement of Smad7, an inhibitor of TGF-β1 signaling, in immune-mediated disorders (e.g., psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, MS, and inflammatory bowel diseases), as well as the discordant results of clinical trials with mongersen, an oral pharmaceutical compound containing a Smad7 antisense oligonucleotide, in patients with Crohn's disease. Further work is needed to ascertain the reasons for such a discrepancy as well as to identify better candidates for treatment with Smad7 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Laudisi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Stolfi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Ivan Monteleone
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Monteleone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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40
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Ramanan D, Pratama A, Zhu Y, Venezia O, Sassone-Corsi M, Chowdhary K, Galván-Peña S, Sefik E, Brown C, Gélineau A, Mathis D, Benoist C. Regulatory T cells in the face of the intestinal microbiota. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:749-762. [PMID: 37316560 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00890-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are key players in ensuring a peaceful coexistence with microorganisms and food antigens at intestinal borders. Startling new information has appeared in recent years on their diversity, the importance of the transcription factor FOXP3, how T cell receptors influence their fate and the unexpected and varied cellular partners that influence Treg cell homeostatic setpoints. We also revisit some tenets, maintained by the echo chambers of Reviews, that rest on uncertain foundations or are a subject of debate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alvin Pratama
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yangyang Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivia Venezia
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Esen Sefik
- Department of Immunology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chrysothemis Brown
- Immuno-Oncology, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Paediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Diane Mathis
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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41
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Biswas M, So K, Bertolini TB, Krishnan P, Rana J, Muñoz-Melero M, Syed F, Kumar SRP, Gao H, Xuei X, Terhorst C, Daniell H, Cao S, Herzog RW. Distinct functions and transcriptional signatures in orally induced regulatory T cell populations. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1278184. [PMID: 37954612 PMCID: PMC10637621 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1278184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral administration of antigen induces regulatory T cells (Treg) that can not only control local immune responses in the small intestine, but also traffic to the central immune system to deliver systemic suppression. Employing murine models of the inherited bleeding disorder hemophilia, we find that oral antigen administration induces three CD4+ Treg subsets, namely FoxP3+LAP-, FoxP3+LAP+, and FoxP3-LAP+. These T cells act in concert to suppress systemic antibody production induced by therapeutic protein administration. Whilst both FoxP3+LAP+ and FoxP3-LAP+ CD4+ T cells express membrane-bound TGF-β (latency associated peptide, LAP), phenotypic, functional, and single cell transcriptomic analyses reveal distinct characteristics in the two subsets. As judged by an increase in IL-2Rα and TCR signaling, elevated expression of co-inhibitory receptor molecules and upregulation of the TGFβ and IL-10 signaling pathways, FoxP3+LAP+ cells are an activated form of FoxP3+LAP- Treg. Whereas FoxP3-LAP+ cells express low levels of genes involved in TCR signaling or co-stimulation, engagement of the AP-1 complex members Jun/Fos and Atf3 is most prominent, consistent with potent IL-10 production. Single cell transcriptomic analysis further reveals that engagement of the Jun/Fos transcription factors is requisite for mediating TGFβ expression. This can occur via an Il2ra dependent or independent process in FoxP3+LAP+ or FoxP3-LAP+ cells respectively. Surprisingly, both FoxP3+LAP+ and FoxP3-LAP+ cells potently suppress and induce FoxP3 expression in CD4+ conventional T cells. In this process, FoxP3-LAP+ cells may themselves convert to FoxP3+ Treg. We conclude that orally induced suppression is dependent on multiple regulatory cell types with complementary and interconnected roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moanaro Biswas
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kaman So
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science and Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Thais B. Bertolini
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Preethi Krishnan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jyoti Rana
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Maite Muñoz-Melero
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Farooq Syed
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sandeep R. P. Kumar
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Xiaoling Xuei
- Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Cox Terhorst
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Henry Daniell
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sha Cao
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science and Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Roland W. Herzog
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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López-Fandiño R, Molina E, Lozano-Ojalvo D. Intestinal factors promoting the development of RORγt + cells and oral tolerance. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1294292. [PMID: 37936708 PMCID: PMC10626553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1294292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract has to harmonize the two seemingly opposite functions of fulfilling nutritional needs and avoiding the entry of pathogens, toxins and agents that can cause physical damage. This balance requires a constant adjustment of absorptive and defending functions by sensing environmental changes or noxious substances and initiating adaptive or protective mechanisms against them through a complex network of receptors integrated with the central nervous system that communicate with cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. Effective homeostatic processes at barrier sites take the responsibility for oral tolerance, which protects from adverse reactions to food that cause allergic diseases. During a very specific time interval in early life, the establishment of a stable microbiota in the large intestine is sufficient to prevent pathological events in adulthood towards a much larger bacterial community and provide tolerance towards diverse food antigens encountered later in life. The beneficial effects of the microbiome are mainly exerted by innate and adaptive cells that express the transcription factor RORγt, in whose generation, mediated by different bacterial metabolites, retinoic acid signalling plays a predominant role. In addition, recent investigations indicate that food antigens also contribute, analogously to microbial-derived signals, to educating innate immune cells and instructing the development and function of RORγt+ cells in the small intestine, complementing and expanding the tolerogenic effect of the microbiome in the colon. This review addresses the mechanisms through which microbiota-produced metabolites and dietary antigens maintain intestinal homeostasis, highlighting the complementarity and redundancy between their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosina López-Fandiño
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
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Jang YS, Park SH, Kang SG, Lee JS, Ko HJ, Kim PH. Combined Treatment With TGF-β1, Retinoic Acid, and Lactoferrin Robustly Generate Inducible Tregs (iTregs) Against High Affinity Ligand. Immune Netw 2023; 23:e37. [PMID: 37970231 PMCID: PMC10643331 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box P3-positive (Foxp3+)-inducible Tregs (iTregs) are readily generated by TGF-β1 at low TCR signaling intensity. TGF-β1-mediated Foxp3 expression is further enhanced by retinoic acid (RA) and lactoferrin (LF). However, the intensity of TCR signaling required for induction of Foxp3 expression by TGF-β1 in combination with RA and LF is unknown. Here, we found that either RA or LF alone decreased TGF-β1-mediated Foxp3 expression at low TCR signaling intensity. In contrast, at high TCR signaling intensity, the addition of either RA or LF strongly increased TGF-β1-mediated Foxp3 expression. Moreover, decreased CD28 stimulation was more favorable for TGF-β1/LF-mediated Foxp3 expression. Lastly, we found that at high signaling intensities of both TCR and CD28, combined treatment with TGF-β1, RA, and LF induced robust expression of Foxp3, in parallel with powerful suppressive activity against responder T cell proliferation. Our findings that TGFβ/RA/LF strongly generate high affinity Ag-specific iTreg population would be useful for the control of unwanted hypersensitive immune reactions such as various autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Saeng Jang
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Park
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Seung-Goo Kang
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, School of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Jung-Shin Lee
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Pyeung-Hyeun Kim
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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Tripathi S, Tsang JS, Park K. Systems immunology of regulatory T cells: can one circuit explain it all? Trends Immunol 2023; 44:766-781. [PMID: 37690962 PMCID: PMC10543564 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells play vital roles in immune homeostasis and response, including discrimination between self- and non-self-antigens, containment of immunopathology, and inflammation resolution. These diverse functions are orchestrated by cellular circuits involving Tregs and other cell types across space and time. Despite dramatic progress in our understanding of Treg biology, a quantitative framework capturing how Treg-containing circuits give rise to these diverse functions is lacking. Here, we propose that different facets of Treg function can be interpreted as distinct operating regimes of the same underlying circuit. We discuss how a systems immunology approach, involving quantitative experiments, computational modeling, and machine learning, can advance our understanding of Treg function, and help identify general operating and design principles underlying immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Tripathi
- Yale Center for Systems and Engineering Immunology and Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - John S Tsang
- Yale Center for Systems and Engineering Immunology and Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Kyemyung Park
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Graduate School of Health Science and Technology and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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45
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Blanco T, Singh RB, Nakagawa H, Taketani Y, Dohlman TH, Chen Y, Chauhan SK, Yin J, Dana R. Conventional type I migratory CD103 + dendritic cells are required for corneal allograft survival. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:711-726. [PMID: 36642378 PMCID: PMC10413378 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Corneal transplant rejection primarily occurs because of the T helper 1 (Th1) effector cell-mediated immune response of the host towards allogeneic tissue. The evidence suggests that type 1 migratory conventional CD103+ dendritic cells (CD103+DC1) acquire an immunosuppressive phenotype in the tumor environment; however, the involvement of CD103+DC1 in allograft survival continues to be an elusive question of great clinical significance in tissue transplantation. In this study, we assess the role of CD103+DC1 in suppressing Th1 alloreactivity against transplanted corneal allografts. The immunosuppressive function of CD103+DC1 has been extensively studied in non-transplantation settings. We found that host CD103+DC1 infiltrates the corneal graft and migrates to the draining lymph nodes to suppress alloreactive CD4+ Th1 cells via the programmed death-ligand 1 axis. The systemic depletion of CD103+ DC1 in allograft recipients leads to amplified Th1 activation, impaired Treg function, and increased rate of allograft rejection. Although allograft recipient Rag1 null mice reconstituted with naïve CD4+CD25- T cells efficiently generated peripheral Treg cells (pTreg), the CD103+DC1-depleted mice failed to generate pTreg. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of pTreg failed to rescue allografts in CD103+DC1-depleted recipients from rejection. These data demonstrate the critical role of CD103+DC1 in regulating host alloimmune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Blanco
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Rohan Bir Singh
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Hayate Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Yukako Taketani
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Thomas H Dohlman
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Yihe Chen
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Sunil K Chauhan
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Jia Yin
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Reza Dana
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
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Larange A, Takazawa I, Kakugawa K, Thiault N, Ngoi S, Olive ME, Iwaya H, Seguin L, Vicente-Suarez I, Becart S, Verstichel G, Balancio A, Altman A, Chang JT, Taniuchi I, Lillemeier B, Kronenberg M, Myers SA, Cheroutre H. A regulatory circuit controlled by extranuclear and nuclear retinoic acid receptor α determines T cell activation and function. Immunity 2023; 56:2054-2069.e10. [PMID: 37597518 PMCID: PMC10552917 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Ligation of retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα) by RA promotes varied transcriptional programs associated with immune activation and tolerance, but genetic deletion approaches suggest the impact of RARα on TCR signaling. Here, we examined whether RARα would exert roles beyond transcriptional regulation. Specific deletion of the nuclear isoform of RARα revealed an RARα isoform in the cytoplasm of T cells. Extranuclear RARα was rapidly phosphorylated upon TCR stimulation and recruited to the TCR signalosome. RA interfered with extranuclear RARα signaling, causing suboptimal TCR activation while enhancing FOXP3+ regulatory T cell conversion. TCR activation induced the expression of CRABP2, which translocates RA to the nucleus. Deletion of Crabp2 led to increased RA in the cytoplasm and interfered with signalosome-RARα, resulting in impaired anti-pathogen immunity and suppressed autoimmune disease. Our findings underscore the significance of subcellular RA/RARα signaling in T cells and identify extranuclear RARα as a component of the TCR signalosome and a determinant of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Larange
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ikuo Takazawa
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kiyokazu Kakugawa
- Laboratory for Immune Crosstalk, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Nicolas Thiault
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - SooMun Ngoi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Meagan E Olive
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Hitoshi Iwaya
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Laetitia Seguin
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ildefonso Vicente-Suarez
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Stephane Becart
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Greet Verstichel
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ann Balancio
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Amnon Altman
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - John T Chang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ichiro Taniuchi
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Bjorn Lillemeier
- Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis Laboratory, IMPL-L, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Samuel A Myers
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Laboratory for Immunochemical Circuits, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Hilde Cheroutre
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Laboratory for Immune Crosstalk, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
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Smeekens JM, Immormino RM, Kesselring JR, Turner AV, Kulis MD, Moran TP. A single priming event prevents oral tolerance to peanut. Clin Exp Allergy 2023; 53:930-940. [PMID: 37437951 PMCID: PMC10528191 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoor dust (ID) is a source of peanut proteins and immunostimulatory adjuvants (e.g. LPS) that can promote airway sensitization to peanut. We aimed to determine whether a single airway exposure to peanut plus adjuvant is sufficient to prevent oral tolerance. METHODS To determine the effect of a single priming event, C57BL/6J mice were exposed once to peanut plus adjuvant through the airway, followed by either airway or low-dose oral exposure to peanut, and assessed for peanut allergy. Oral tolerance was investigated by feeding high-dose peanut followed by airway sensitization. To determine whether a single priming could prevent oral tolerance, the high-dose peanut regimen was applied after a single airway exposure to peanut plus adjuvant. Peanut-specific IgE and IgG1 were quantified, and mice were challenged to peanut to assess allergy. Peanut-specific CD4+ memory T cells (CD4+ TCRβ+ CD44hi CD154+ ) were quantified in mediastinal lymph nodes following airway priming. RESULTS Mice co-exposed to peanut with LPS or ID through the airway were primed to develop peanut allergy after subsequent low-dose oral or airway exposures to peanut. Oral tolerance was induced in mice fed high-dose peanut prior to airway sensitization. In contrast, mice fed high-dose peanut following a single airway exposure to peanut plus adjuvant led to allergy. Peanut-specific CD4+ memory T cells were detected as early as 7 days after the single airway priming with peanut plus adjuvant, however, delaying peanut feeding even 1 day following priming led to allergy, whereas peanut feeding the same day as priming led to tolerance. CONCLUSIONS A single airway exposure to peanut plus adjuvant is sufficient to prime the immune system to develop allergy following subsequent high-dose oral exposure. These results highlight the importance of introducing peanut as early as possible to prevent sensitization through a non-oral priming event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Smeekens
- Department of Pediatrics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UNC Food Allergy Initiative, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert M Immormino
- Department of Pediatrics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Janelle R Kesselring
- Department of Pediatrics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UNC Food Allergy Initiative, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew V Turner
- Department of Pediatrics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UNC Food Allergy Initiative, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael D Kulis
- Department of Pediatrics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UNC Food Allergy Initiative, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Timothy P Moran
- Department of Pediatrics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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48
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Wang J, Zhao X, Wan YY. Intricacies of TGF-β signaling in Treg and Th17 cell biology. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1002-1022. [PMID: 37217798 PMCID: PMC10468540 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Balanced immunity is pivotal for health and homeostasis. CD4+ helper T (Th) cells are central to the balance between immune tolerance and immune rejection. Th cells adopt distinct functions to maintain tolerance and clear pathogens. Dysregulation of Th cell function often leads to maladies, including autoimmunity, inflammatory disease, cancer, and infection. Regulatory T (Treg) and Th17 cells are critical Th cell types involved in immune tolerance, homeostasis, pathogenicity, and pathogen clearance. It is therefore critical to understand how Treg and Th17 cells are regulated in health and disease. Cytokines are instrumental in directing Treg and Th17 cell function. The evolutionarily conserved TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) cytokine superfamily is of particular interest because it is central to the biology of both Treg cells that are predominantly immunosuppressive and Th17 cells that can be proinflammatory, pathogenic, and immune regulatory. How TGF-β superfamily members and their intricate signaling pathways regulate Treg and Th17 cell function is a question that has been intensely investigated for two decades. Here, we introduce the fundamental biology of TGF-β superfamily signaling, Treg cells, and Th17 cells and discuss in detail how the TGF-β superfamily contributes to Treg and Th17 cell biology through complex yet ordered and cooperative signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Wang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Xingqi Zhao
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yisong Y Wan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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Di Sabatino A, Santacroce G, Rossi CM, Broglio G, Lenti MV. Role of mucosal immunity and epithelial-vascular barrier in modulating gut homeostasis. Intern Emerg Med 2023; 18:1635-1646. [PMID: 37402104 PMCID: PMC10504119 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-023-03329-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa represents the most extensive human barrier having a defense function against microbial and food antigens. This barrier is represented externally by a mucus layer, consisting mainly of mucins, antimicrobial peptides, and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), which serves as the first interaction with the intestinal microbiota. Below is placed the epithelial monolayer, comprising enterocytes and specialized cells, such as goblet cells, Paneth cells, enterochromaffin cells, and others, each with a specific protective, endocrine, or immune function. This layer interacts with both the luminal environment and the underlying lamina propria, where mucosal immunity processes primarily take place. Specifically, the interaction between the microbiota and an intact mucosal barrier results in the activation of tolerogenic processes, mainly mediated by FOXP3+ regulatory T cells, underlying intestinal homeostasis. Conversely, the impairment of the mucosal barrier function, the alteration of the normal luminal microbiota composition (dysbiosis), or the imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory mucosal factors may result in inflammation and disease. Another crucial component of the intestinal barrier is the gut-vascular barrier, formed by endothelial cells, pericytes, and glial cells, which regulates the passage of molecules into the bloodstream. The aim of this review is to examine the various components of the intestinal barrier, assessing their interaction with the mucosal immune system, and focus on the immunological processes underlying homeostasis or inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Sabatino
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
- Clinica Medica I, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università di Pavia, Viale Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Santacroce
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carlo Maria Rossi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Broglio
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Vincenzo Lenti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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Ono K, Sujino T, Miyamoto K, Harada Y, Kojo S, Yoshimatsu Y, Tanemoto S, Koda Y, Zheng J, Sayama K, Koide T, Teratani T, Mikami Y, Takabayashi K, Nakamoto N, Hosoe N, London M, Ogata H, Mucida D, Taniuchi I, Kanai T. Downregulation of chemokine receptor 9 facilitates CD4 +CD8αα + intraepithelial lymphocyte development. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5152. [PMID: 37620389 PMCID: PMC10449822 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40950-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) reside in the gut epithelial layer, where they help in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Peripheral CD4+ T cells can develop into CD4+CD8αα+ IELs upon arrival at the gut epithelium via the lamina propria (LP). Although this specific differentiation of T cells is well established, the mechanisms preventing it from occurring in the LP remain unclear. Here, we show that chemokine receptor 9 (CCR9) expression is low in epithelial CD4+CD8αα+ IELs, but CCR9 deficiency results in CD4+CD8αα+ over-differentiation in both the epithelium and the LP. Single-cell RNA sequencing shows an enriched precursor cell cluster for CD4+CD8αα+ IELs in Ccr9-/- mice. CD4+ T cells isolated from the epithelium of Ccr9-/- mice also display increased expression of Cbfβ2, and the genomic occupancy modification of Cbfβ2 expression reveals its important function in CD4+CD8αα+ differentiation. These results implicate a link between CCR9 downregulation and Cbfb2 splicing upregulation to enhance CD4+CD8αα+ IEL differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Ono
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Sujino
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Miyamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Laboratory, Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Harada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kojo
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Division of Immunology and Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoshimatsu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Tanemoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuzo Koda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jiawen Zheng
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Sayama
- Applied Life Science Course, College of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Koide
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Teratani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Mikami
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Takabayashi
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Hosoe
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariya London
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Haruhiko Ogata
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniel Mucida
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ichiro Taniuchi
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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