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Sánchez RM, Bermeo Losada JF, Marín Martínez JA. The research landscape concerning environmental factors in neurodevelopmental disorders: Endocrine disrupters and pesticides-A review. Front Neuroendocrinol 2024; 73:101132. [PMID: 38561126 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, environmental epidemiology and toxicology have seen a growing interest in the environmental factors that contribute to the increased prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders, with the purpose of establishing appropriate prevention strategies. A literature review was performed, and 192 articles covering the topic of endocrine disruptors and neurodevelopmental disorders were found, focusing on polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, bisphenol A, and pesticides. This study contributes to analyzing their effect on the molecular mechanism in maternal and infant thyroid function, essential for infant neurodevelopment, and whose alteration has been associated with various neurodevelopmental disorders. The results provide scientific evidence of the association that exists between the environmental neurotoxins and various neurodevelopmental disorders. In addition, other possible molecular mechanisms by which pesticides and endocrine disruptors may be associated with neurodevelopmental disorders are being discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Mira Sánchez
- Universidad de Murcia, Spain; Instituto de Ciencias Medioambientales y Neurodesarrollo ICMYN, Murcia, Spain.
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Guillén-Yunta M, Valcárcel-Hernández V, García-Aldea Á, Soria G, García-Verdugo JM, Montero-Pedrazuela A, Guadaño-Ferraz A. Neurovascular unit disruption and blood-brain barrier leakage in MCT8 deficiency. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:79. [PMID: 37924081 PMCID: PMC10623792 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00481-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) plays a vital role in maintaining brain thyroid hormone homeostasis. This transmembrane transporter is expressed at the brain barriers, as the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and in neural cells, being the sole known thyroid hormone-specific transporter to date. Inactivating mutations in the MCT8 gene (SLC16A2) cause the Allan-Herndon-Dudley Syndrome (AHDS) or MCT8 deficiency, a rare X-linked disease characterized by delayed neurodevelopment and severe psychomotor disorders. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of AHDS remain unclear, and no effective treatments are available for the neurological symptoms of the disease. METHODS Neurovascular unit ultrastructure was studied by means of transmission electron microscopy. BBB permeability and integrity were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, non-permeable dye infiltration assays and histological staining techniques. Brain blood-vessel density was evaluated by immunofluorescence and magnetic resonance angiography. Finally, angiogenic-related factors expression was evaluated by qRT-PCR. The studies were carried out both in an MCT8 deficient subject and Mct8/Dio2KO mice, an AHDS murine model, and their respective controls. RESULTS Ultrastructural analysis of the BBB of Mct8/Dio2KO mice revealed significant alterations in neurovascular unit integrity and increased transcytotic flux. We also found functional alterations in the BBB permeability, as shown by an increased presence of peripheral IgG, Sodium Fluorescein and Evans Blue, along with increased brain microhemorrhages. We also observed alterations in the angiogenic process, with reduced blood vessel density in adult mice brain and altered expression of angiogenesis-related factors during brain development. Similarly, AHDS human brain samples showed increased BBB permeability to IgG and decreased blood vessel density. CONCLUSIONS These findings identify for the first time neurovascular alterations in the MCT8-deficient brain, including a disruption of the integrity of the BBB and alterations in the neurovascular unit ultrastructure as a new pathophysiological mechanism for AHDS. These results open a new field for potential therapeutic targets for the neurological symptoms of these patients and unveils magnetic resonance angiography as a new non-invasive in vivo technique for evaluating the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Guillén-Yunta
- Laboratory of Thyroid Hormones and CNS, Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto-Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), C/ Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Valcárcel-Hernández
- Laboratory of Thyroid Hormones and CNS, Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto-Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), C/ Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel García-Aldea
- Laboratory of Thyroid Hormones and CNS, Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto-Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), C/ Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Soria
- Laboratory of Surgical and Experimental Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Manuel García-Verdugo
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Valencia and CIBERNED-ISCIII, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Montero-Pedrazuela
- Laboratory of Thyroid Hormones and CNS, Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto-Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), C/ Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Guadaño-Ferraz
- Laboratory of Thyroid Hormones and CNS, Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto-Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), C/ Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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O'Shaughnessy KL, Hotchkiss MG, Buckalew AK, Murr AS, Gilbert ME, Stoker TE. An optimized radioimmunoassay for quantification of total serum thyroxine (T4) in fetal, neonatal, and pregnant rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2023; 100:107303. [PMID: 37777095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2023.107303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Identifying xenobiotics that interrupt the thyroid axis has significant public health implications, given that thyroid hormones are required for brain development. As such, some developmental and reproductive toxicology (DART) studies now require or recommend serum total thyroxine (T4) measurements in pregnant, lactating, and developing rats. However, serum T4 concentrations are normally low in the fetus and pup which makes quantification difficult. These challenges can be circumvented by technologies like mass spectrometry, but these approaches are expensive and not always widely available. To demonstrate the feasibility of measuring T4 using a commercially available assay, we examine technical replicates of rat serum samples measured both by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and radioimmunoassay (RIA). These samples were obtained from rats on gestational day 20 (dams and fetuses) or postnatal day 5 (pups), following maternal exposure to the goitrogen propylthiouracil (0-3 ppm) to incrementally decrease T4. We show that with assay modification, it is possible to measure serum T4 using low sample volumes (25-50 μL) by an RIA, including in the GD20 fetus exposed to propylthiouracil. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the technical feasibility of measuring serum T4 in DART studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L O'Shaughnessy
- Neurological and Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Michelle G Hotchkiss
- Neurological and Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Angela K Buckalew
- Neurological and Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Ashley S Murr
- Neurological and Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Mary E Gilbert
- Neurological and Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Tammy E Stoker
- Neurological and Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
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Wormwood KL, Charette L, Ryan JP, Darie CC, Woods AG. A Proteomics Investigation of Salivary Profiles as Potential Biomarkers for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Protein J 2023; 42:607-620. [PMID: 37566278 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-023-10146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects approximately 1/68 children, with a more recent study suggesting numbers as high as 1/36. According to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the etiology of ASD is unknown and diagnosis of this disorder is behavioral. There is currently no biomarker signature for ASD, however, identifying a biomarker signature is crucial as it would aid in diagnosis, identifying treatment targets, monitoring treatments, and identifying the etiology of the disorder. Here we used nanoliquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-MS/MS) to investigate the saliva from individuals with ASD and matched controls in a 14 vs 14 study. We found numerous proteins to have statistically significant dysregulations, including lactotransferrin, transferrin, polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, Ig A L, Ig J chain, mucin 5 AC, and lipocalin 1 isoform X1. These findings are consistent with previous studies by our lab, and others, and point to dysregulations in the immune system, lipid metabolism and/or transport, and gastrointestinal disturbances, which are common and reoccurring topics in ASD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Wormwood
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Ave, Box 5810, Potsdam, NY, 13699, USA
| | - Laci Charette
- Center for Neurobehavioral Health and Department of Psychology, SUNY Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, NY, USA
| | - Jeanne P Ryan
- Center for Neurobehavioral Health and Department of Psychology, SUNY Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, NY, USA
| | - Costel C Darie
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Ave, Box 5810, Potsdam, NY, 13699, USA.
| | - Alisa G Woods
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Ave, Box 5810, Potsdam, NY, 13699, USA
- Center for Neurobehavioral Health and Department of Psychology, SUNY Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, NY, USA
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Wang T, Wang Y, Montero-Pedrazuela A, Prensa L, Guadaño-Ferraz A, Rausell E. Thyroid Hormone Transporters MCT8 and OATP1C1 Are Expressed in Projection Neurons and Interneurons of Basal Ganglia and Motor Thalamus in the Adult Human and Macaque Brains. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119643. [PMID: 37298594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) and organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1C1 (OATP1C1) are thyroid hormone (TH) transmembrane transporters relevant for the availability of TH in neural cells, crucial for their proper development and function. Mutations in MCT8 or OATP1C1 result in severe disorders with dramatic movement disability related to alterations in basal ganglia motor circuits. Mapping the expression of MCT8/OATP1C1 in those circuits is necessary to explain their involvement in motor control. We studied the distribution of both transporters in the neuronal subpopulations that configure the direct and indirect basal ganglia motor circuits using immunohistochemistry and double/multiple labeling immunofluorescence for TH transporters and neuronal biomarkers. We found their expression in the medium-sized spiny neurons of the striatum (the receptor neurons of the corticostriatal pathway) and in various types of its local microcircuitry interneurons, including the cholinergic. We also demonstrate the presence of both transporters in projection neurons of intrinsic and output nuclei of the basal ganglia, motor thalamus and nucleus basalis of Meynert, suggesting an important role of MCT8/OATP1C1 for modulating the motor system. Our findings suggest that a lack of function of these transporters in the basal ganglia circuits would significantly impact motor system modulation, leading to clinically severe movement impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- School of Medicine, Department Anatomy Histology & Neuroscience, Autónoma de Madrid University (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, Autónoma de Madrid University (UAM)-Cajal Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Medicine, Department Anatomy Histology & Neuroscience, Autónoma de Madrid University (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, Autónoma de Madrid University (UAM)-Cajal Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Montero-Pedrazuela
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Autónoma de Madrid University (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Prensa
- School of Medicine, Department Anatomy Histology & Neuroscience, Autónoma de Madrid University (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Guadaño-Ferraz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Autónoma de Madrid University (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Estrella Rausell
- School of Medicine, Department Anatomy Histology & Neuroscience, Autónoma de Madrid University (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Yao X, Wang Y, Ma Y, Fu M, Wang H, Tang D, Nie J. Associations between prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and thyroid hormones in umbilical cord blood. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27379-2. [PMID: 37249775 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27379-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We explored the association between maternal urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites and thyroid hormones in umbilical cord blood in 120 pairs of pregnant women and newborns. Maternal urinary PAH metabolites were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Thyroid hormones were measured using a flow fluorescence assay. The dose-response relationship between PAH metabolites and thyroid hormones was analyzed using the generalized linear model and restricted cubic spline model. Results showed that ƩOH PAHs in maternal urine had a negative effect on triiodothyronine (T3). Associations between maternal urinary PAH metabolites and thyroid hormones in umbilical cord blood plasma were observed. Prenatal exposure to PAHs could affect neonatal thyroid hormones, thereby disrupting neonatal thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyuan Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yidong Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yifei Ma
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Mengmeng Fu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Deliang Tang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722W. 168Th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jisheng Nie
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
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7
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Thyroid Hormone Transporters MCT8 and OATP1C1 Are Expressed in Pyramidal Neurons and Interneurons in the Adult Motor Cortex of Human and Macaque Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043207. [PMID: 36834621 PMCID: PMC9965431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) and organic anion transporter polypeptide 1C1 (OATP1C1) are thyroid hormone (TH) transmembrane transporters that play an important role in the availability of TH for neural cells, allowing their proper development and function. It is important to define which cortical cellular subpopulations express those transporters to explain why MCT8 and OATP1C1 deficiency in humans leads to dramatic alterations in the motor system. By means of immunohistochemistry and double/multiple labeling immunofluorescence in adult human and monkey motor cortices, we demonstrate the presence of both transporters in long-projection pyramidal neurons and in several types of short-projection GABAergic interneurons in both species, suggesting a critical position of these transporters for modulating the efferent motor system. MCT8 is present at the neurovascular unit, but OATP1C1 is only present in some of the large vessels. Both transporters are expressed in astrocytes. OATP1C1 was unexpectedly found, only in the human motor cortex, inside the Corpora amylacea complexes, aggregates linked to substance evacuation towards the subpial system. On the basis of our findings, we propose an etiopathogenic model that emphasizes these transporters' role in controlling excitatory/inhibitory motor cortex circuits in order to understand some of the severe motor disturbances observed in TH transporter deficiency syndromes.
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Hipólito LTM, Batista TH, Dos Anjos-Garcia T, Giusti-Paiva A, Vilela FC. Methimazole-induced gestational hypothyroidism affects the offspring development and differently impairs the conditioned fear in male and female adulthood rodents. Int J Dev Neurosci 2023; 83:108-120. [PMID: 36445265 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational hypothyroidism is a prevalent disorder in pregnant women and also impairs fetal development with relevant outcomes. One of the outcomes of greatest interest has been rodent fear- and anxiety-like behavior. However, the relationship between maternal hypothyroidism and onset of conditioned fear-related responses in offspring remains controversial. Here, we used a well-validated methimazole-induced gestational hypothyroidism to investigate the behavioral consequences in offspring. Dams were treated with methimazole at 0.02% in drinking water up to gestational Day 9. Maternal body weights and maternal behavior were evaluated, and the puppies ware analyzed for weight gain and physical/behavioral development and assigned for the open field and fear conditioning test. Methimazole-induced gestational hypothyroidism induced loss in maternal and litter weight, increases in maternal behavior, and impairs in offspring developmental landmarks in both male and female rodents. Only male offspring enhanced responsiveness to conditioned fear-like behavior in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laísa T M Hipólito
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Tatiane H Batista
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Tayllon Dos Anjos-Garcia
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Giusti-Paiva
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Fabiana C Vilela
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil
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Unigarro MF, Forero C, Céspedes C. Neuropsychological and physical development of patients diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism at the San Ignacio University Hospital between 2001 and 2017. BIOMEDICA : REVISTA DEL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD 2022; 42:144-153. [PMID: 35866737 PMCID: PMC9407962 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.6334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Congenital hypothyroidism is the leading cause of preventable cognitive disability in the world. Therefore, screening programs have been developed in order to reduce the neurological sequelae associated with this pathology. Objective: To describe the demographic characteristics, the treatment, and the follow-up of patients diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism in the screening program at the San Ignacio University Hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. Materials and methods: We conducted an observational cross-sectional study. The study population was patients diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism at the Hospital between 2001 and 2017. Results: Fourteen of the 19 patients diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism in the hospital screening program were contacted. All of the patients had schooling, most of them had adequate weight and height, and two had short stature. In most of them, the etiological diagnosis was thyroid hypoplasia, and all began the treatment and follow-up in an adequate way. The most frequent alteration in the neuropsychological tests was in the memory domain and the level of maternal education could be related to an abnormal result in the domain of language. Conclusion: In our study, alterations in the memory tests were the most prevalent; however, due to the design and type of study, more research is required to establish associations. A low frequency of abnormal growth and puberty was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernanda Unigarro
- Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia; Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
| | - Catalina Forero
- Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia; Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
| | - Camila Céspedes
- Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia; Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
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Jin T, Wang R, Peng S, Liu X, Zhang H, He X, Teng W, Teng X. Developmental Hypothyroidism Influences the Development of the Entorhinal-Dentate Gyrus Pathway of Rat Offspring. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2022; 37:290-302. [PMID: 35390249 PMCID: PMC9081305 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2021.1343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental hypothyroidism impairs learning and memory in offspring, which depend on extensive neuronal circuits in the entorhinal cortex, together with the hippocampus and neocortex. The entorhinal-dentate gyrus pathway is the main entrance of memory circuits. We investigated whether developmental hypothyroidism impaired the morphological development of the entorhinal-dentate gyrus pathway. METHODS We examined the structure and function of the entorhinal-dentate gyrus pathway in response to developmental hypothyroidism induced using 2-mercapto-1-methylimidazole. RESULTS 1,1´-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3´,3´-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate tract tracing indicated that entorhinal axons showed delayed growth in reaching the outer molecular layer of the dentate gyrus at postnatal days 2 and 4 in hypothyroid conditions. The proportion of fibers in the outer molecular layer was significantly smaller in the hypothyroid group than in the euthyroid group at postnatal day 4. At postnatal day 10, the pathway showed a layer-specific distribution in the outer molecular layer, similar to the euthyroid group. However, the projected area of entorhinal axons was smaller in the hypothyroid group than in the euthyroid group. An electrophysiological examination showed that hypothyroidism impaired the long-term potentiation of the perforant and the cornu ammonis 3-cornu ammonis 1 pathways. Many repulsive axon guidance molecules were involved in the formation of the entorhinaldentate gyrus pathway. The hypothyroid group had higher levels of erythropoietin-producing hepatocyte ligand A3 and semaphorin 3A than the euthyroid group. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that developmental hypothyroidism might influence the development of the entorhinal-dentate gyrus pathway, contributing to impaired long-term potentiation. These findings improve our understanding of neural mechanisms for memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Jin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ranran Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Chifeng College Affiliated Hospital, Chifeng, China
| | - Shiqiao Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hanyi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weiping Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaochun Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Lee SY, Pearce EN. Assessment and treatment of thyroid disorders in pregnancy and the postpartum period. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:158-171. [PMID: 34983968 PMCID: PMC9020832 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00604-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid disorders are prevalent in pregnant women. Furthermore, thyroid hormone has a critical role in fetal development and thyroid dysfunction can adversely affect obstetric outcomes. Thus, the appropriate management of hyperthyroidism, most commonly caused by Graves disease, and hypothyroidism, which in iodine sufficient regions is most commonly caused by Hashimoto thyroiditis, in pregnancy is important for the health of both pregnant women and their offspring. Gestational transient thyrotoxicosis can also occur during pregnancy and should be differentiated from Graves disease. Effects of thyroid autoimmunity and subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy remain controversial. Iodine deficiency is the leading cause of hypothyroidism worldwide. Despite global efforts to eradicate iodine deficiency disorders, pregnant women remain at risk of iodine deficiency due to increased iodine requirements during gestation. The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing worldwide, including in young adults. As such, the diagnosis of thyroid nodules or thyroid cancer during pregnancy is becoming more frequent. The evaluation and management of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer in pregnancy pose a particular challenge. Postpartum thyroiditis can occur up to 1 year after delivery and must be differentiated from other forms of thyroid dysfunction, as treatment differs. This Review provides current evidence and recommendations for the evaluation and management of thyroid disorders in pregnancy and in the postpartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Y Lee
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth N Pearce
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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12
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Cohen A, Popowitz J, Delbridge-Perry M, Rowe CJ, Connaughton VP. The Role of Estrogen and Thyroid Hormones in Zebrafish Visual System Function. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:837687. [PMID: 35295340 PMCID: PMC8918846 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.837687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual system development is a highly complex process involving coordination of environmental cues, cell pathways, and integration of functional circuits. Consequently, a change to any step, due to a mutation or chemical exposure, can lead to deleterious consequences. One class of chemicals known to have both overt and subtle effects on the visual system is endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). EDCs are environmental contaminants which alter hormonal signaling by either preventing compound synthesis or binding to postsynaptic receptors. Interestingly, recent work has identified neuronal and sensory systems, particularly vision, as targets for EDCs. In particular, estrogenic and thyroidogenic signaling have been identified as critical modulators of proper visual system development and function. Here, we summarize and review this work, from our lab and others, focusing on behavioral, physiological, and molecular data collected in zebrafish. We also discuss different exposure regimes used, including long-lasting effects of developmental exposure. Overall, zebrafish are a model of choice to examine the impact of EDCs and other compounds targeting estrogen and thyroid signaling and the consequences of exposure in visual system development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annastelle Cohen
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC, WA, United States
| | - Jeremy Popowitz
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC, WA, United States
| | | | - Cassie J. Rowe
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC, WA, United States,Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, Washington, DC, WA, United States
| | - Victoria P. Connaughton
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC, WA, United States,Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, Washington, DC, WA, United States,*Correspondence: Victoria P. Connaughton,
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13
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Triiodothyronine attenuates neurocognitive dysfunction induced by sevoflurane in the developing brain of neonatal rats. J Affect Disord 2022; 297:455-462. [PMID: 34715171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whilst concerns have been raised about the detrimental effects of general anaesthetics on the brain's development and function in the young, reports have indicated that thyroid hormones are able to promote neurogenesis in the developing brain. This present study aimed to investigate the effects of triiodothyronine (T3) on the neonatal rat brain, following sevoflurane exposure. METHODS Postnatal day 7 (P7) ratpups were treated with Triiodothyronine (T3) (1 µg/100 g body weight, i.p. injection, once/day for 3 days) after 2% sevoflurane exposure for 6 h. They were sacrificed at either P7 (immediately), P15 or P30 and their brains were harvested to assess cell death, proliferation in the hippocampus, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit A and B, and a post-synaptic protein (PSD-95 in the hippocampus,). Neuro-behavioral changes in other cohorts between P27 and P30 were evaluated with Morris water maze and open field tests. RESULTS Sevoflurane exposure caused cell death and suppressed the proliferation of astrocytes and neurons, as well as the dendritic growth of neurons in the hippocampus which were all reversed by the administration of T3. Moreover, cognitive function, including learning, memory, and adaptability to a new environment, were impaired by sevoflurane exposure, which was also negated by T3 treatment. Furthermore, sevoflurane decreased the expression of NMDA receptor subunits NR2A and NR2B, as well as PSD-95 in the hippocampus at P15 and those effects of sevoflurane were abolished by T3 administration. CONCLUSIONS A potential therapeutic role of T3 in protecting general anesthetic induced neuronal injury in the developing brain is likely to occur through enhancing expression of PSD-95 and the NMDA NR2A and NR2B expression.
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Fan P, Chen Y, Luo ZC, Shen L, Wang W, Liu Z, Zhang J, Ouyang F. Cord Blood Thyroid Hormones and Neurodevelopment in 2-Year-Old Boys and Girls. Front Nutr 2022; 8:773965. [PMID: 34988108 PMCID: PMC8720755 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.773965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Thyroid hormones are essential for neurodevelopment in early life. However, the impact of mild alterations in neonatal thyroid hormones on infant neurodevelopment and its sex dimorphism is unclear. We aimed to assess whether mild variations in neonatal thyroid hormones of term-born newborns with maternal euthyroid are related to neurodevelopment in 2-year-old boys and girls. Methods: This study used data from 452 singleton term-born infants of mothers with normal thyroid function in Shanghai, China, and their follow-up measure at the age of 2 years. Cord serum concentrations of free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) were measured by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays and classified into three groups: the low (1st, Q1), middle (2nd−4th, Q2–Q4), and high (5th, Q5) quintiles. Neurodevelopment indices were assessed using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, third edition (ASQ-3), at 24 months of age. Results: Compared to infants with thyroid hormones in the middle (Q2–Q4), boys with FT4 in the lowest quintile had 5.08 (95% CI: 1.37, 8.78) points lower scores in the communication domain, 3.25 (0.25,6.25) points lower scores in the fine motor domain, and 3.84 (0.04, 7.64) points lower scores in the personal-social domain, respectively. Boys with FT3 in the highest quintile had 4.46 (0.81, 8.11) points increase in the personal-social domain. These associations were not observed in girls. No associations were observed between cord blood serum TSH and ASQ-assessed neurodevelopment in the boys or the girls. Conclusions: Mild alterations in thyroid hormones of newborns were associated adversely with neurodevelopment in boys, suggesting the importance of optimal thyroid hormone status for neurodevelopment in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pianpian Fan
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanzhi Chen
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Cheng Luo
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lixiao Shen
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiye Wang
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Department of Neonatology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengxiu Ouyang
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Wang Q, Jiang Y, Lv H, Lu Q, Tao S, Qin R, Huang L, Liu C, Xu X, Lv S, Li M, Li Z, Du J, Lin Y, Ma H, Chi X, Hu Z, Jiang T, Zhang G. Association of Maternal Mild Hypothyroidism With Offspring Neurodevelopment in TPOAb-Negative Women: A Prospective Cohort Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:884851. [PMID: 35846339 PMCID: PMC9278520 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.884851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adequate maternal thyroid hormone availability is crucial for fetal neurodevelopment, but the role of maternal mild hypothyroidism is not clear. We aim to investigate the association of maternal mild hypothyroidism with neurodevelopment in infants at 1 year of age among TPOAb-negative women. METHODS The present study was conducted within the Jiangsu Birth Cohort. A total of 793 mother-infant pairs were eligible for the present study. Maternal thyroid function was assessed by measuring serum thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, and thyroid peroxidase antibodies. Neurodevelopment of infants was assessed by using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development third edition screening test (Bayley-III screening test). RESULTS In the multivariate adjusted linear regression analyses, infants of women with subclinical hypothyroidism and isolated hypothyroxinemia were associated with decreased receptive communication scores (β = -0.68, p = 0.034) and decreased gross motor scores (β = -0.83, p = 0.008), respectively. Moreover, infants of women with high-normal TSH concentrations (3.0-4.0 mIU/L) and low FT4 concentrations were significantly associated with lower gross motor scores (β = -1.19, p = 0.032), while no differences were observed in infants when the mothers had a high-normal TSH concentration and normal FT4 levels. CONCLUSIONS Maternal subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with decreased receptive communication scores in infants at 1 year of age. In addition, maternal TSH concentration greater than 4.0 mIU/L and maternal isolated hypothyroxinemia are associated with impaired gross motor ability of infants, especially in infants of women with high-normal TSH concentrations (3.0-4.0 mIU/L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yangqian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (Suzhou Centre), The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiyao Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyuan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Toxicology and Nutritional Science, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangbo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (Suzhou Centre), The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (Suzhou Centre), The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (Suzhou Centre), The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xia Chi
- Department of Child Health Care, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (Suzhou Centre), The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Jiang, ; Guoying Zhang,
| | - Guoying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Jiang, ; Guoying Zhang,
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Lin X, Chen X, Yang CY. An analysis of perinatal factors of low T3 syndrome in preterm neonates with a gestational age of 28-35 weeks. Ann Med 2021; 53:1722-1726. [PMID: 34596490 PMCID: PMC8491668 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1985731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low triiodothyronine syndrome (LT3S) is a common endocrine disease in preterm neonates. Various serious acute or chronic diseases result in LT3S. Few studies have investigated the causal relationship between perinatal factors and LT3S in preterm neonates with a gestational age (GA) of 28-35 weeks. The present study comprehensively analyzed the perinatal factors of LT3S in preterm neonates. METHODS This was a retrospective study of neonates with and without LT3S from January 2018 to November 2019. Compared to 206 preterm neonates without LT3S, 158 neonates were diagnosed with LT3S, excluding neonates with congenital malformations, other endocrine diseases, genetic diseases and inherited metabolic diseases. RESULTS Five perinatal risk factors for LT3S were confirmed using univariate and multivariate analyses: smaller gestational age, lower birth weight, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), neonatal sepsis, and dopamine use. CONCLUSIONS LT3S in preterm neonates was associated with multiple perinatal factors, including smaller gestational age, lower birth weight, RDS, sepsis, and dopamine use. Preterm neonates with a GA of 28-35 weeks who are exposed to a series of high-risk perinatal factors must be closely observed, diagnosed early and treated for primary diseases promptly to reduce the occurrence of LT3S and improve the outcomes.Key Message:Few studies have investigated the relationship between perinatal factors and Low triiodothyronine syndrome (LT3S) in preterm neonates with a gestational age (GA) of 28-35 weeks.LT3S was associated with multiple perinatal factors, including smaller gestational age, lower birth weight, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), sepsis, and dopamine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lin
- Department of Neonatal, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xian Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chang-Yi Yang
- Department of Neonatal, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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17
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Kaur N, Suryanarayanan R. Levothyroxine sodium pentahydrate tablets - formulation considerations. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:3743-3756. [PMID: 34384799 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Even though levothyroxine sodium pentahydrate tablets have been in the market since 1955, there continue to be recalls due to sub potency. We have comprehensively reviewed the factors affecting its stability in solid oral dosage forms. A compilation of marketed formulation compositions enabled the identification of the potential 'problem excipients'. Two excipient properties, hygroscopicity and microenvironmental acidity, appeared to be responsible for inducing drug instability. In drug products, depending on the formulation composition and storage conditions, the pentahydrate can dehydrate to highly reactive levothyroxine sodium monohydrate, or undergo salt disproportionation to the free acid form of the drug. The USP assay method (HPLC based) is insensitive to these different physical forms of the drug. The influence of physical form of levothyroxine on its chemical stability is incompletely understood. The USP has five product-specific dissolution tests reflecting the complexity in its evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 9-177 WDH, 308 Harvard Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Raj Suryanarayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 9-177 WDH, 308 Harvard Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.
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18
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Habib A, Shojazadeh A, Molayemat M, Habib A, Jeddi M, Arabsolghar R, Nahas M, Rahimi N, Ardekani FM. Prevalence and predictive factors of transient and permanent congenital hypothyroidism in Fars province, Iran. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:264. [PMID: 34090374 PMCID: PMC8178910 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02729-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is no data on the number as well as the prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in the Fars province. Hence, we designed this study to analyze the latest data and the possible predictive factors on transient and permanent CH in this province. METHOD This cross sectional study is based on the Fars province screening data from 2013 to 2016. A total of 294,214 newborns were screened with 938 confirmed cases of CH, which were included in this study. After recall and completion of the missing data, follow-up data for 642 CH cases with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations and levothyroxine doses for ten outpatient visits and final transient vs. permanent CH diagnosis were included. RESULTS The incidence rate was 1:313.66, and out of the 642 CH cases, 66.04 % had permanent CH, while 33.96 % had transient CH. TSH level trend during the outpatient visits were not statistically different between the two groups (P = 0.312). A cutoff point of > 2.25 levothyroxine µg/kg (sensitivity: 76.11 %, specificity: 58.52 %) at the third year and a TSH concentration of > 43.35 mIU/L at the venous sampling (initial TSH) (sensitivity: 31.66 %, specificity: 90.32 %) were the predictive factors for permanent CH. CONCLUSION Fars province has one of the highest incidence rate of CH in Iran. Levothyroxine dose at the 3rd year and the 1st venous TSH sample are the predictive factors for permanent CH in the Iranian population; however, TSH concentrations during follow ups are unreliable predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Habib
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | | | - Asadollah Habib
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
| | - Marjan Jeddi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 71345-1414, Namazee Square, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Rita Arabsolghar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mitra Nahas
- Deputy of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nazila Rahimi
- Deputy of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fariba Moradi Ardekani
- Non Communicable Disease Group, Office of Vice Chancellor for Health Affairs, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Lee SY, Pearce EN. Testing, Monitoring, and Treatment of Thyroid Dysfunction in Pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:883-892. [PMID: 33349844 PMCID: PMC7947825 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism can have adverse effects in pregnancy. The most common causes of thyrotoxicosis in pregnancy are gestational transient thyrotoxicosis and Graves' disease. It is important to distinguish between these entities as treatment options differ. Women of reproductive age who are diagnosed with Graves' disease should be counseled regarding the impact of treatment options on a potential pregnancy. Although the absolute risk is small, antithyroid medications can have teratogenic effects. Propylthiouracil appears to have less severe teratogenicity compared to methimazole and is therefore favored during the first trimester if a medication is needed. Women should be advised to delay pregnancy for at least 6 months following radioactive iodine to minimize potential adverse effects from radiation and ensure normal thyroid hormone levels prior to conception. As thyroid hormone is critical for normal fetal development, hypothyroidism is associated with adverse obstetric and child neurodevelopmental outcomes. Women with overt hypothyroidism should be treated with levothyroxine (LT4) to a thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone; TSH) goal of <2.5 mIU/L. There is mounting evidence for associations of maternal hypothyroxinemia and subclinical hypothyroidism with pregnancy loss, preterm labor, and lower scores on child cognitive assessment. Although there is minimal risk of LT4 treatment to keep TSH within the pregnancy-specific reference range, treatment of mild maternal thyroid hypofunction remains controversial, given the lack of clinical trials showing improved outcomes with LT4 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Y Lee
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Correspondence: Sun Y. Lee, MD, MSc, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, 720 Harrison Avenue, Suite 8100, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Elizabeth N Pearce
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Lauby SC, McGowan PO. Early life variations in temperature exposure affect the epigenetic regulation of the paraventricular nucleus in female rat pups. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20201991. [PMID: 33109014 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life maternal care received has a profound effect on later-life behaviour in adult offspring, and previous studies have suggested epigenetic mechanisms are involved. Changes in thyroid hormone receptor signalling may be related to differences in maternal care received and DNA methylation modifications. We investigated the effects of variations in temperature exposure (a proxy of maternal contact) and licking-like tactile stimulation on these processes in week-old female rat pups. We assessed thyroid hormone receptor signalling by measuring circulating triiodothyronine and transcript abundance of thyroid hormone receptors and the thyroid hormone-responsive genes DNA methyltransferase 3a and oxytocin in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. DNA methylation of the oxytocin promoter was assessed in relation to changes in thyroid hormone receptor binding. Repeated room temperature exposure was associated with a decrease in thyroid hormone receptor signalling measures relative to nest temperature exposure, while acute room temperature exposure was associated with an increase. Repeated room temperature exposure also increased thyroid hormone receptor binding and DNA methylation at the oxytocin promoter. These findings suggest that repeated room temperature exposure may affect DNA methylation levels as a consequence of alterations in thyroid hormone receptor signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha C Lauby
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough Campus, SW548, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick O McGowan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough Campus, SW548, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Spann MN, Cheslack-Postava K, Brown AS. The association of serologically documented maternal thyroid conditions during pregnancy with bipolar disorder in offspring. Bipolar Disord 2020; 22:621-628. [PMID: 31758834 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Higher rates of thyroid conditions are reported in individuals with bipolar disorder. However, no study to date has considered whether maternal thyroid conditions during pregnancy are associated with offspring risk of bipolar disorder, even though the fetus exclusively relies on maternal thyroid hormones through the early second trimester. We therefore examined the association between offspring bipolar disorder and serologically documented maternal thyroid conditions. METHODS The study was based on a nested case-control design that utilized data from the Child Health and Development Study, a birth cohort that enrolled pregnant women from 1959 to 1966. Eighty-five cases with DSM-IV-TR were ascertained and matched to controls (1:2) by date of birth, sex, gestational timing of the serum draws, and residence in Alameda County the first year receiving treatment. Archived prenatal maternal serum drawn during early to mid-gestation was used to measure two thyroid hormones, free thyroxine (fT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Subclinical and clinical hypothyroxinemia, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism were determined based on standard methods. RESULTS Exposure to maternal hypothyroxinemia was associated with a five-fold increased risk of offspring bipolar disorder with psychotic features, but not without psychotic features. In stratified analysis, female offspring demonstrated increased risk for bipolar disorder with exposure to maternal hypothyroxinemia. No significant association was found between maternal hypothyroidism and offspring bipolar disorder. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that prenatal thyroid hormone deficiency, particularly a thyroid condition marked by low levels of thyroxine, may be an important developmental mechanism related to the risk of bipolar disorder with psychotic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa N Spann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keely Cheslack-Postava
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alan S Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
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22
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Grijota-Martínez C, Bárez-López S, Ausó E, Refetoff S, Frey WH, Guadaño-Ferraz A. Intranasal delivery of Thyroid hormones in MCT8 deficiency. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236113. [PMID: 32687511 PMCID: PMC7371167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of function mutations in the gene encoding the thyroid hormone transporter monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) lead to severe neurodevelopmental defects in humans associated with a specific thyroid hormone phenotype manifesting high serum 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and low thyroxine (T4) levels. Patients present a paradoxical state of peripheral hyperthyroidism and brain hypothyroidism, this last one most likely arising from impaired thyroid hormone transport across the brain barriers. The administration of thyroid hormones by delivery pathways that bypass the brain barriers, such as the intranasal delivery route, offers the possibility to improve the neurological defects of MCT8-deficient patients. In this study, the thyroid hormones T4 and T3 were administrated intranasally in different mouse models of MCT8 deficiency. We have found that, under the present formulation, intranasal administration of thyroid hormones does not increase the content of thyroid hormones in the brain and further raises the peripheral thyroid hormone levels. Our data suggests intranasal delivery of thyroid hormones is not a suitable therapeutic strategy for MCT8 deficiency, although alternative formulations could be considered in the future to improve the nose-to-brain transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Grijota-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (Ciberer), Unit 708, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Soledad Bárez-López
- Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (Ciberer), Unit 708, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Ausó
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía, Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, Alicante, Spain
| | - Samuel Refetoff
- Departments of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Departments of Committee on Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - William H. Frey
- HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- HealthPartners Institute, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ana Guadaño-Ferraz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (Ciberer), Unit 708, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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23
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Richard S, Guyot R, Rey-Millet M, Prieux M, Markossian S, Aubert D, Flamant F. A Pivotal Genetic Program Controlled by Thyroid Hormone during the Maturation of GABAergic Neurons. iScience 2020; 23:100899. [PMID: 32092701 PMCID: PMC7037980 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian brain development critically depends on proper thyroid hormone signaling, via the TRα1 nuclear receptor. The downstream mechanisms by which TRα1 impacts brain development are currently unknown. In order to investigate these mechanisms, we used mouse genetics to induce the expression of a dominant-negative mutation of TRα1 specifically in GABAergic neurons, the main inhibitory neurons in the brain. This triggered post-natal epileptic seizures and a profound impairment of GABAergic neuron maturation in several brain regions. Analysis of the transcriptome and TRα1 cistrome in the striatum allowed us to identify a small set of genes, the transcription of which is upregulated by TRα1 in GABAergic neurons and which probably plays an important role during post-natal maturation of the brain. Thus, our results point to GABAergic neurons as direct targets of thyroid hormone during brain development and suggest that many defects seen in hypothyroid brains may be secondary to GABAergic neuron malfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Richard
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, INRAE, CNRS, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France.
| | - Romain Guyot
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, INRAE, CNRS, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Martin Rey-Millet
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, INRAE, CNRS, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Margaux Prieux
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, INRAE, CNRS, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Suzy Markossian
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, INRAE, CNRS, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Denise Aubert
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, INRAE, CNRS, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Flamant
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, INRAE, CNRS, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France
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24
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Hosny EN, El-Gizawy MM, Sawie HG, Abdel-Wahhab KG, Khadrawy YA. Neuroprotective Effect of Ashwagandha Extract against the Neurochemical Changes Induced in Rat Model of Hypothyroidism. J Diet Suppl 2020; 18:72-91. [PMID: 31958022 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2020.1713959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The current aim is to evaluate the effect of ashwagandha root extract (AE) on the neurochemical changes induced in the cortex and hippocampus as a consequence of thyroid dysfunction induced by propylthiouracil (PTU). Male Wistar rats were divided into; control, AE treated rats, rat model of hypothyroidism and rat model of hypothyroidism treated with either AE or L-thyroxine (T4) for 1 month. Rat model of hypothyroidism showed a significant decrease in serum levels of tri-iodothyronine (T3) and T4 and a significant increase in cortical and hippocampal lipid peroxidation (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). However, reduced glutathione (GSH) decreased significantly. This was associated with a significant increase in hippocampal tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and cortical dopamine levels. Both L-thyroxine and AE restored T3 and T4 levels. In the hippocampus L-Thyroxine prevented the increase in MDA and restored GSH but failed to restore the increased NO and TNF-α. In the cortex L-thyroxine didn't change the increased MDA and NO and the decreased GSH induced by PTU. L-thyroxine increased cortical and hippocampal SOD and CAT. AE prevented the increased hippocampal MDA, NO and TNF-α and the decreased GSH level induced by PTU. In the cortex AE failed to restore MDA and NO but prevented the decrease in GSH. The increase in cortical dopamine level induced by PTU was ameliorated by L-thyroxine and improved by AE. The present data indicate that AE could prevent thyroid dysfunction and reduce its complications on the nervous system including oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman N Hosny
- Medical Physiology Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mayada M El-Gizawy
- Medical Physiology Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hussein G Sawie
- Medical Physiology Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Khaled G Abdel-Wahhab
- Medical Physiology Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yasser A Khadrawy
- Medical Physiology Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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25
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Baghcheghi Y, Mansouri S, Beheshti F, Shafei MN, Salmani H, Reisi P, Anaeigoudari A, Bideskan AE, Hosseini M. Neuroprotective and long term potentiation improving effects of vitamin E in juvenile hypothyroid rats. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2020; 90:156-168. [DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Protective effects of vitamin E (Vit E) on long term potentiation (LTP) impairment, neuronal apoptosis and increase of nitric oxide (NO) metabolites in the hippocampus of juvenile rats were examined. The rats were grouped (n=13) as: (1) control; (2) hypothyroid (Hypo) and (3) Hypo-Vit E. Propylthiouracil (PTU) was given in drinking water (0.05%) during 6 weeks. Vit E (20 mg/ kg) was daily injected (IP). To evaluate synaptic plasticity, LTP from the CA1 area of the hippocampus followed by high frequency stimulation to the ipsilateral Schafer collateral pathway was carried out. The cortical and hippocampal tissues were then removed to measure NO metabolites. The brains of 5 animals in each group were removed for apoptosis study. The hypothyroidism status decreased the slope, 10–90% slope and amplitude of field excitatory post synaptic potential (fEPSP) compared to the control group (P<0.01–P<0.001). Injection of Vit E increased the slope, 10–90% slope and amplitude of the fEPSP in the Hypo-Vit E group in comparison to the Hypo group (P<0.05–P<0.01). TUNEL positive neurons and NO metabolites were higher in the hippocampus of the Hypo rats, as compared to those in the hippocampus of the control ones (P<0.001). Treatment of the Hypo rats by Vit E decreased apoptotic neurons (P<0.01–P<0.001) and NO metabolites (P<0.001) in the hippocampus compared to the Hypo rats. The results of the present study showed that Vit E prevented the LTP impairment and neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus of juvenile hypothyroid rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Baghcheghi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Somaieh Mansouri
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farimah Beheshti
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Naser Shafei
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossien Salmani
- Student Research Committee, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parham Reisi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Akbar Anaeigoudari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | | | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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26
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Stohn JP, Martinez ME, St Germain DL, Hernandez A. Adult onset of type 3 deiodinase deficiency in mice alters brain gene expression and increases locomotor activity. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 110:104439. [PMID: 31561084 PMCID: PMC7259167 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Constitutive loss of the type 3 deiodinase (DIO3) causes abnormally increased levels of thyroid hormone action in the developing and adult brain, leading to an array of behavioral abnormalities. To determine to what extent those phenotypes derive from a lack of DIO3 in the adult brain, versus developmental consequences, we created a mouse model of conditional DIO3 inactivation. Mice carrying "floxed" Dio3 alleles and a tamoxifen-inducible cre transgene were injected with tamoxifen at two months of age. Compared to oil-injected controls, the brain tissue of these mice showed a 75-80% decrease in DIO3 activity and 85-95% Dio3 mRNA was expressed from recombinant alleles. Mice with adult DIO3 deficiency did not show significant differences in growth, serum thyroid hormone parameters or behaviors related to anxiety and depression. However, female mice exhibited elevated locomotor activity and increased marble-burying behavior. They also manifested relatively modest alterations in the expression of T3-dependent genes and genes related to hyperactivity in a sex- and region-specific manner. Upon thyroid hormone treatment, the expression response of T3-regulated genes was generally more pronounced in DIO3-deficient female mice than in female controls, while the opposite effect of altered genotype was noticed in males. The extent of the molecular and behavioral phenotypes of adult-onset DIO3 deficiency suggests that a substantial proportion of the neurological abnormalities caused by constitutive DIO3 deficiency has a developmental origin. However, our results show that DIO3 in the adult brain also influences behavior and sensitivity to thyroid hormone action in a sexually dimorphic fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Patrizia Stohn
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA
| | - M Elena Martinez
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA
| | - Donald L St Germain
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA
| | - Arturo Hernandez
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA; Graduate School for Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA; Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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27
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Kerp H, Engels K, Kramer F, Doycheva D, Sebastian Hönes G, Zwanziger D, Christian Moeller L, Heuer H, Führer D. Age effect on thyroid hormone brain response in male mice. Endocrine 2019; 66:596-606. [PMID: 31494803 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-02078-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Thyroid hormones (TH) are important for brain development and central nervous system (CNS) function. Disturbances of thyroid function occur with higher prevalence in the ageing population and may negatively impact brain function. METHODS We investigated the age impact on behavior in young adult and old male mice (5 vs. 20 months) with chronic hypo- or hyper-thyroidism as well as in sham-treated controls. Expression of TH transporters and TH responsive genes was studied in CNS and pituitary by in situ hybridization and qRT-PCR, whereas TH serum concentrations were determined by immunoassay. RESULTS Serum TH levels were lower in old compared with young hyperthyroid mice, suggesting a milder hyperthyroid phenotype in the aged group. Likewise, elevated plus maze activity was reduced in old hyperthyroid animals. Under hypothyroid conditions, thyroxine serum concentrations did not differ in young and old mice. Both groups showed a comparable decline in activity and elevated anxiety levels. However, an attenuated increase in hypothalamic thyrotropin releasing hormone and pituitary thyroid stimulating hormone transcript expression was found in old hypothyroid mice. Brain expression of monocarboxylate transporter 8 and organic anion transporting polypeptide 1c1 was not affected by age or TH status. CONCLUSIONS In summary, ageing attenuates neurological phenotypes in hyperthyroid but not hypothyroid mice, which fits with age effects on TH serum levels in the animals. In contrast no changes in TH transporter expression were found in aged mouse brains with hyper- or hypo-thyroid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Kerp
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Engels
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Frederike Kramer
- Leibniz Institute on Aging/Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Denica Doycheva
- Leibniz Institute on Aging/Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Georg Sebastian Hönes
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Denise Zwanziger
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Lars Christian Moeller
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Heike Heuer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
- Leibniz Institute on Aging/Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Dagmar Führer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany.
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Marín Urueña SI, Infante López ME, Samaniego Fernández CM, Montejo Vicente MM, Escribano García C, Izquierdo Caballero R, Mulero Collantes I, Caserío Carbonero S. Follow-up of infants born to mothers with autoinmune thyroid disease. What should not be screened? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 67:172-178. [PMID: 31669312 DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thyroid dysfunction is a common problem in pregnant women. It is usually of an autoimmune origin, with Hashimotós thyroiditis and Graveś disease being the most common conditions. Although hormonal changes and transplacental antibody transfer may occur, specific neonatal screening has not been shown to be useful. PATIENTS AND METHOD A prospective study of newborns of women with autoimmune thyroid disease born at a level III university hospital (November 2013-December 2016). Neonates were selected during their stay at the maternity. Babies with perinatal asphyxia were excluded. Data were collected from the clinical histories of mothers and newborns. RESULTS A total of 191 neonates were included. Ninety percent of mothers had been diagnosed with autoimmune hypothyroidism. Only 5.8% of newborns had some laboratory disorder, consisting of slightly increased thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, which returned to normal at the age of one month and did not correlate to thyroid peroxidase antibody levels. Transient hyperthyrotropinemia was diagnosed in one newborn and required thyroxin treatment during the first year of life. Among newborns from mothers with Graveś disease, 36.8% had some abnormal laboratory value during the first 7 days of life, but there were no cases of hyperthyroidism and only one of transient hyperthyrotropinemia. CONCLUSIONS Experience at our hospital in screening of newborns from hypothyroid mothers reveals a high number of laboratory controls with a poor diagnostic yield. No relationship was found between thyroid peroxidase antibody levels and thyroid dysfunction. We support the recommendations to continue testing serum thyroid-stimulating hormone and FT4 levels at 48h of life in newborns of mothers with autoimmune hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Marín Urueña
- Unidad de Neonatología, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, España.
| | - M E Infante López
- Unidad de Neonatología, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, España
| | | | - M M Montejo Vicente
- Unidad de Neonatología, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, España
| | - C Escribano García
- Unidad de Neonatología, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, España
| | | | - I Mulero Collantes
- Área de Endocrinología Infantil, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, España
| | - S Caserío Carbonero
- Unidad de Neonatología, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, España
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Xie L, Zhang Y, Qu Y, Chai L, Li X, Wang H. Effects of nitrate on development and thyroid hormone signaling pathway during Bufo gargarizans embryogenesis. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 235:227-238. [PMID: 31260863 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate is known to disrupt the thyroid hormone, which is essential for the metamorphosis of amphibians. However, few studies are focused on the effects of nitrate on the maternal thyroid hormone in early amphibian embryos. We aimed to determine the impact of nitrate on maternal thyroid hormone signaling pathway in Bufo gargarizans embryos. B. gargarizans embryos were exposed to different concentrations of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) for 7 days. High concentration of NO3-N (50, 100, and 200 mg/L) could induce embryonic malformation and influence the development of embryos. In addition, maternal T4 and components of the thyroid hormone (TH) signaling pathway were detected by ELISA and RNA-seq, respectively. The expression levels of mRNA related to thyroid hormone and oxidative stress were affected in the early developing embryos in all NO3-N treatment groups. However, the T4 levels and the spatial expression patterns of type II iodothyronine deiodinase (D2), type III iodothyronine deiodinase (D3), thyroid hormone receptor α (TRα), and thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ) mRNA were not changed by nitrate. In conclusion, the results of our study highlight the crucial role of the maternal thyroid hormone signaling pathway in normal embryonic development, and the adverse effects of nitrate on the expression levels of mRNA related to thyroid hormone signaling pathway and oxidative stress in B. gargarizans embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xie
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China; College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yanhua Qu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lihong Chai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
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Jain B, Kulkarni S, Banerjee S, Rajan MGR. Microarray immunoassay for thyrotropin on track-etched membranes using radiotracers. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06507-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Carmichael O, Stuchlik P, Pillai S, Biessels GJ, Dhullipudi R, Madden-Rusnak A, Martin S, Hsia DS, Fonseca V, Bazzano L. High-Normal Adolescent Fasting Plasma Glucose Is Associated With Poorer Midlife Brain Health: Bogalusa Heart Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:4492-4500. [PMID: 31058974 PMCID: PMC6736207 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-02750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT It is unclear how adolescent glycemic status relates to brain health in adulthood. OBJECTIVE To assess the association between adolescent fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and MRI-based brain measures in midlife. DESIGN Between 1973 and 1992, the Bogalusa Heart Study (BHS) collected FPG from children, 3 to 18 years old, and followed up between 1992 and 2018. Cognitive tests and brain MRI were collected in 2013 to 2016 and 2018. SETTING Observational longitudinal cohort study. PARTICIPANTS Of 1298 contacted BHS participants, 74 completed screening, and 50 completed MRI. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Mean FPG per participant at ages <20, 20 to 40, and over 40 years old; brain white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume, gray matter volume, and functional MRI (fMRI) activation to a Stroop task; tests of logical and working memory, executive function, and semantic fluency. RESULTS At MRI, participants were middle aged (51.3 ± 4.4 years) and predominantly female (74%) and white (74%). Mean FPG was impaired for zero, two, and nine participants in pre-20, 20 to 40, and over-40 periods. The pre-20 mean FPG above the pre-20 median value (i.e., above 83.5 mg/dL) was associated with greater WMH volume [mean difference: 0.029% of total cranial volume, CI: (0.0059, 0.052), P = 0.015] and less fMRI activation [-1.41 units (-2.78, -0.05), P = 0.043] on midlife MRI compared with below-median mean FPG. In controlling for over-40 mean FPG status did not substantially modify the associations. Cognitive scores did not differ by pre-20 mean FPG. CONCLUSIONS High-normal adolescent FPG may be associated with preclinical brain changes in midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Carmichael
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Owen Carmichael, PhD, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808. E-mail:
| | | | | | - Geert-Jan Biessels
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ram Dhullipudi
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | | | - Shane Martin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Daniel S Hsia
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Vivian Fonseca
- Section of Endocrinology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Lydia Bazzano
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Remaud S, Demeneix B. [Thyroid hormones regulate neural stem cell fate]. Biol Aujourdhui 2019; 213:7-16. [PMID: 31274098 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2019007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are vital for vertebrate brain function throughout life, from early development to ageing. Epidemiological studies show an adequate supply of maternal TH during pregnancy to be necessary for normal brain development, and this from the first trimester of onwards. Maternal TH deficiency irreversibly affects fetal brain development, increasing the risk of offspring cognitive disorders and IQ loss. Mammalian and non-mammalian (zebrafish, xenopus, chicken) models are useful to dissect TH-dependent cellular and molecular mechanisms governing embryonic and fetal brain development: a complex process including cell proliferation, survival, determination, migration, differentiation and maturation of neural stem cells (NSCs). Notably, rodent models have strongly contributed to understand the key neurogenic roles of TH still at work in adult life. Neurogenesis continues in two main areas, the sub-ventricular zone lining the lateral ventricles (essential for olfaction) and the sub-granular zone in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (involved in memory, learning and mood control). In both niches, THs tightly regulate the balance between neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis under physiological and pathological contexts. Understanding how THs modulate NSCs determination toward a neuronal or a glial fate throughout life is a crucial question in neural stem cell biology. Providing answers to this question can offer therapeutic strategies for brain repair, notably in neurodegenerative diseases, demyelinating diseases or stroke where new neurons and/or oligodendrocytes are required. The review focuses on TH regulation of NSC fate in mammals and humans both during development and in the adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Remaud
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7221, Laboratoire Physiologie moléculaire de l'adaptation, 7 rue Cuvier 75005 Paris, France
| | - Barbara Demeneix
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7221, Laboratoire Physiologie moléculaire de l'adaptation, 7 rue Cuvier 75005 Paris, France
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Xie L, Li XY, Liang K, Wu C, Wang HY, Zhang YH. Octylphenol influence growth and development of Rana chensinensis tadpoles via disrupting thyroid function. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 169:747-755. [PMID: 30502525 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Octylphenol (OP), a class of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), could produce adverse effects on developmental process of animals. Thyroid hormone is one of the important hormones involved in animal development. To determine whether OP affect the growth and development of amphibian larvae via interfering the thyroid function, Rana chensinensis larvae at Gosner stage 29 were exposed to 10-8, 10-7 and 10-6 mol/L OP in the present study. Results demonstrated that OP could decrease the body length and mass and retard the development of tadpoles. The histologic evaluation showed microscopic structures of thyroid gland were changed in 10-7 and 10-6 mol/L OP treated groups on day 40. The expression levels of Dio2, Dio3, TRα and TRβ mRNA in the liver, brain, skin and tail of tadpoles were detected by qRT-PCR, when treated with OP for 20, 30, 40 and 50 day, respectively. The results of qRT-PCR showed OP could affect the expressions of Dio2, Dio3, TRα and TRβ mRNA in the four tissues, and then influence the activity and function of THs, further affecting the growth and development of the tadpoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xin-Yi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Kai Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Chao Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Hong-Yuan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yu-Hui Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Kumar M, Rana P, Modi S, Tyagi R, Kaur P, Kanwar R, Sekhri T, D'souza M, Khushu S. Aberrant intra and inter network resting state functional connectivity in thyrotoxicosis. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12683. [PMID: 30600576 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones epigenetically play an important role in the regularisation of neural networks and in neural differentiation during brain development. The present study aimed to explore the intra and inter network resting state functional connectivity changes underlying the neurobehavioural symptoms in thyrotoxicosis. To understand the pathophysiological changes, we investigated the correlation between functional connectivity and clinical and behavioural measures. Twenty-eight freshly diagnosed thyrotoxicosis patients suffering with symptoms such as palpitation, loss of weight, trembling and heat intolerance from days to weeks and 28 healthy controls were recruited for the study. Thyrotoxicosis patients showed significantly decreased functional connectivity in sensorimotor network, fronto-temporal network, default mode network, right fronto-parietal network, left fronto-parietal network and salience network. Inter network functional connectivity was significantly reduced between the basal ganglia network and sensorimotor network and increased between the salience network and fronto-temporal network in thyrotoxicosis. Cognitive functions such as visual retention, recognition of objects, mental balance and performance on neuropsychological tests (ie, the Bender Gestalt test, Nahar-Benson test and Mini Mental State Examination) also showed significant decline in thyrotoxicosis patients. The altered intrinsic resting state functional connectivity might underlie these cognitive deficits. The increased functional connectivity between the salience network and fronto-temporal network suggests the recruitment of additional neuronal circuitry needed to compensate for the neuropathology in the primary neural network in thyrotoxicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar
- NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, New Delhi, India
| | - Poonam Rana
- NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, New Delhi, India
| | - Shilpi Modi
- NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Tyagi
- NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, New Delhi, India
| | - Prabhjot Kaur
- NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Tarun Sekhri
- Thyroid Research Centre, INMAS, DRDO, New Delhi, India
| | - Maria D'souza
- NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, New Delhi, India
| | - Subash Khushu
- NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, New Delhi, India
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Yuan L, Zhang Y, Luan D, Xu X, Yang Q, Zhao S, Zhou Z. Reversible Affective Symptoms and Attention Executive Control Network Impairment Following Thyroid Function Normalization in Hyperthyroidism. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:3305-3312. [PMID: 32063707 PMCID: PMC6884974 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s227386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Affective symptoms and attention impairments are found in patients with hyperthyroidism. Our previous data have revealed that the patients with hyperthyroidism experience impairments of the attention networks, but it remains unclear whether these disorders persist after the treatment of hyperthyroidism. METHODS Twenty healthy controls and 25 hyperthyroid patients were recruited and performed the attention network test (ANT) which can simultaneously examine the alertness, orientation and execution control components of the participants. The effect of treatment on affective symptom and attention networks impairments were examined in the patient group after 1-year anti-thyroid medication and reaching euthyroidism for at least 3 months. RESULTS Anxiety and depression scores of patients with hyperthyroidism were significantly higher than those of the healthy control group. The patients with hyperthyroidism had impairments of the alerting and executive control networks. Meanwhile, the score of HAMA correlated significantly with thyroid hormone and TSH levels, and there was a negative significant correlation between the score of HAMD and TSH level in all subjects. There was a positive correlation between the value of the executive control network and thyroid hormones' levels in all subjects and in the hyperthyroidism group. Anxiety and depression symptoms were improved with methimazole treatment after euthyroidism was reached. The value of the executive control network no longer differed from that of healthy controls, but deficits in the alerting network of hyperthyroidism still persisted after treatment. CONCLUSION The patients with hyperthyroidism existed affective symptoms and attention networks impairments. Affective symptoms and attention executive control network impairment were improved following thyroid function normalization in hyperthyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanxiang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Luan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangjun Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shoucai Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
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Domingues JT, Wajima CS, Cesconetto PA, Parisotto EB, Winkelmann-Duarte E, Santos KD, Saleh N, Filippin-Monteiro FB, Razzera G, Mena Barreto Silva FR, Pessoa-Pureur R, Zamoner A. Experimentally-induced maternal hypothyroidism alters enzyme activities and the sensorimotor cortex of the offspring rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 478:62-76. [PMID: 30031104 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used an experimental model of congenital hypothyroidism to show that deficient thyroid hormones (TH) disrupt different neurochemical, morphological and functional aspects in the cerebral cortex of 15-day-old offspring. Our results showing decreased glutamine synthetase (GS) activity and Ca2+ overload in the cerebral cortex of hypothyroid pups suggest misregulated glutamate metabolism associated with developmentally induced TH deficiency. The 14C-MeAIB accumulation indicates upregulated System A activity and glutamine uptake by neurons. Energy metabolism in hypothyroid cortical slices was preserved, as demonstrated by unaltered glucose metabolism. We also found upregulated acetylcholinesterase activity, depleting acetylcholine from the synaptic cleft, pointing to disrupted cholinergic system. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation, glutathione (GSH) depletion, which were associated with glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and gamma-glutamyltransferase downregulation suggest redox imbalance. Disrupted astrocyte cytoskeleton was evidenced by downregulated and hyperphosphorylated glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Morphological and structural characterization of the sensorimotor cerebral cortex (SCC) showed unaltered thickness of the SCC. However, decreased size of neurons on the layers II & III and IV in the right SCC and increased NeuN positive neurons in specific SCC layers, suggest that they are differently affected by the low TH levels during neurodevelopment. Hypothyroid pups presented increased number of foot-faults in the gridwalk test indicating affected motor functions. Taken together, our results show that congenital hypothyroidism disrupts glutamatergic and cholinergic neurotransmission, Ca2+ equilibrium, redox balance, cytoskeleton integrity, morphological and functional aspects in the cerebral cortex of young rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Tonietto Domingues
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Carolinne Sayury Wajima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Patricia Acordi Cesconetto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Benedetti Parisotto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Elisa Winkelmann-Duarte
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Karin Dos Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Najla Saleh
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Branco Filippin-Monteiro
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Razzera
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Regina Pessoa-Pureur
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ariane Zamoner
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Cesur G, Eren MK, Eren E, Ergin K, Ek RO, Yıldız Y, Şirinyıldız F, Gök Balcı U, Ongel K. Effect of experimentally induced hypothyroidism during gestation period on activity dependent neurotrophic factor (ADNF) in newborn rat brain tissue. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2018; 36:hmbci-2017-0069. [PMID: 30256757 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2017-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of prenatal hypothyroidism on neonatal rats by the way of activity-dependent neuroprotective factor (ADNF) expression. Methods Twenty-one Wistar albino neonatal rats were divided into two subgroups; a control group and neonatal rats with experimental maternal hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism was induced by using propylthiouracil (PTU). Neonatal rats obtained PTU from breast milk continuously for 1 week after birth. The rats from the control group were fed only normal feed and water. After birth, body weight and blood thyroid hormone levels were tested. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Slug, Numb, Notch-1 and ADNF antibodies were used for immunohistochemical analysis. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting analyses were used to evaluate ADNF gene expression levels from 1-week-old rat's brain. Results There was no difference between the two groups for birth weights. The thyroxine (T4) level from the experimental group was <0.4 ng/mL, and it was 0.8 ng/mL for the control group. It was shown that, the results from the experimental group samples had significantly lower ADNF mRNA levels than control group (p < 0.05). The increase from GFAP and Numb expression and decrease from Slug expression were shown in the experimental group. Local differences were identified for ADNF and a decrease was shown in both sides of brain. There was no difference for Notch-1 expression for both groups. Conclusion In this study, decreasing ADNF expression might contribute to developing neurological problems in congenital hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Cesur
- Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Kılıç Eren
- Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Erdal Eren
- Uludağ University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Kemal Ergin
- Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology Embryology, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Rauf Onur Ek
- Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Yüksel Yıldız
- Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Ferhat Şirinyıldız
- Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Umut Gök Balcı
- Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, Department of Family Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Kurtulus Ongel
- Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Izmir, Turkey, Phone: +90.505.6487644
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Nascimento BPP, Bocco BMLC, Fernandes GW, Fonseca TL, McAninch EA, Cardoso CV, Bondan EF, Nassif RJ, Cysneiros RM, Bianco AC, Ribeiro MO. Induction of Type 2 Iodothyronine Deiodinase After Status Epilepticus Modifies Hippocampal Gene Expression in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3090-3104. [PMID: 29905787 PMCID: PMC6669821 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Status epilepticus (SE) is an abnormally prolonged seizure that results from either a failure of mechanisms that terminate seizures or from initiating mechanisms that inherently lead to prolonged seizures. Here we report that mice experiencing a 3 hours of SE caused by pilocarpine exhibit a rapid increase in expression of type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase gene (Dio2) and a decrease in the expression of type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase gene in hippocampus, amygdala and prefrontal cortex. Type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase in hippocampal sections was seen concentrated in the neuronal nuclei, typical of ischemic injury of the brain. An unbiased analysis of the hippocampal transcriptome of mice undergoing 3 hours of SE revealed a number of genes, including those involved with response to oxidative stress, cellular homeostasis, cell signaling, and mitochondrial structure. In contrast, in mice with targeted disruption of Dio2 in astrocytes (Astro D2KO mouse), the highly induced genes in the hippocampus were related to inflammation, apoptosis, and cell death. We propose that Dio2 induction caused by SE accelerates production of T3 in different areas of the central nervous system and modifies the hippocampal gene expression profile, affecting the balance between adaptive and maladaptive mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna P P Nascimento
- Graduate Program of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
- Developmental Disorders Program, Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Barbara M L C Bocco
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gustavo W Fernandes
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tatiana L Fonseca
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Elizabeth A McAninch
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Carolina V Cardoso
- Department of Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo F Bondan
- Department of Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Renata J Nassif
- Neuroscience Sector, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Roberta M Cysneiros
- Developmental Disorders Program, Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Bianco
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Miriam O Ribeiro
- Graduate Program of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
- Developmental Disorders Program, Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
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Baghcheghi Y, Beheshti F, Shafei MN, Salmani H, Sadeghnia HR, Soukhtanloo M, Anaeigoudari A, Hosseini M. The effects of vitamin E on brain derived neurotrophic factor, tissues oxidative damage and learning and memory of juvenile hypothyroid rats. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:713-724. [PMID: 29290043 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0176-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of vitamin E (Vit E) on brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and brain tissues oxidative damage as well as on learning and memory impairments in juvenile hypothyroid rats were examined. The rats were grouped as: (1) Control; (2) Propylthiouracil (PTU); (3) PTU-Vit E and (4) Vit E. PTU was added to their drinking water (0.05%) during 6 weeks. Vit E (20 mg/kg) was daily injected (IP). Morris water maze (MWM) and passive avoidance (PA) were carried out. The animals were deeply anesthetized and the brain tissues were removed for biochemical measurements. PTU increased the escape latency and traveled path in MWM (P < 0.001). It also shortened the latency to enter the dark compartment of PA as well as the time spent in the target quadrant in probe trial of MWM (P < 0.01-P < 0.001). All the effects of PTU were reversed by Vit E (P < 0.01-P < 0.001). PTU administration attenuated thiol and BDNF content as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the brain tissues while increased molondialdehyde (MDA). Moreover, Vit E improved BDNF, thiol, SOD and CAT while diminished MDA. The results of the present study showed that Vit E improved BDNF and prevented from brain tissues oxidative damage as well as learning and memory impairments in juvenile hypothyroid rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Baghcheghi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farimah Beheshti
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Naser Shafei
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Salmani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Sadeghnia
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Akbar Anaeigoudari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Korkmaz G, Özçetin M, Çağ Y, Yükselmiş U, Öngel V, Işık O. Thyroid function in healthy and unhealthy preterm newborns. Afr Health Sci 2018; 18:378-383. [PMID: 30602965 PMCID: PMC6306984 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v18i2.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The thyroid gland and hormonal regulation are among the most important systems to be investigated in pre-term infants. This study sought to investigate thyroid hormone levels of healthy and unhealthy pre-term infants. METHODS The prospective study included 53 consecutive premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit within a duration of one year. Of these preterm babies, 20 were healthy, while 33 had problems such as asphyxia or RDS. Venous blood samples were collected at baseline 0-24 hours, 7 and 14 days and FT3, FT4, and TSH levels were determined. Other data recorded included demographic characteristics of the patients and clinical variables. RESULTS The most frequent health problems were RDS (87.9%), sepsis (30.3%), and retinopathy of prematurity (24.2%). The mean TSH levels showed a consistent decline at three consequent measurements in both groups, which were always significantly lower in unhealthy pre-terms. In both groups, TSH levels showed significant decreases on Day 7 and Day 14 compared to the baseline levels (p<005). The levels of FT3 and FT4 consistently showed significant correlations with gestational week and birth weight at each of the three measurements. CONCLUSION Pre-term infants, especially those having problems, have significant hypothyroxinemia that may require thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökten Korkmaz
- Süleymaniye Maternity and Children Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Özçetin
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yakup Çağ
- Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Yükselmiş
- Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Volkan Öngel
- Beykent University, Department of Economics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Olcay Işık
- Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neonatology, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Zhang F, Chen J, Lin X, Peng S, Yu X, Shan Z, Teng W. Subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnant rats impaired learning and memory of their offspring by promoting the p75 NTR signal pathway. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:688-697. [PMID: 29669804 PMCID: PMC5952246 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maternal hypothyroidism during pregnancy can affect the neurodevelopment of their offspring. This study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) on spatial learning and memory, and its relationship with the apoptotic factors in cerebral cortex of the offspring. METHODS Female adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 15 per group): control (CON) group, SCH group and overt hypothyroidism (OH) group. Spatial learning and memory in the offspring were evaluated by long-term potentiation (LTP) and Morris water-maze (MWM) test. The protein expression of the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), the pro-apoptotic protein p53 and Bax were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS The Pups in the SCH and OH groups showed longer escape latencies in the MWM and decreased field-excitatory post synaptic potentials in LTP tests compared with those in the CON group. p75NTR, p-JNK, p53 and Bax expression levels in the cerebral cortex increased in pups in the SCH and OH groups compared with those in the CON group. CONCLUSIONS Maternal SCH during pregnancy may impair spatial learning and memory in the offspring and may be associated with the increased apoptosis in the cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismInstitute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismInstitute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinyue Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismInstitute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shiqiao Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismInstitute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismInstitute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismInstitute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Weiping Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismInstitute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Le Blay K, Préau L, Morvan-Dubois G, Demeneix B. Expression of the inactivating deiodinase, Deiodinase 3, in the pre-metamorphic tadpole retina. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195374. [PMID: 29641587 PMCID: PMC5895027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) orchestrates amphibian metamorphosis. Thus, this developmental phase is often used to study TH-dependent responses in specific tissues. However, TH signaling appears early in development raising the question of the control of TH availability in specific cell types prior to metamorphosis. TH availability is under strict temporal and tissue-specific control by deiodinases. We examined the expression of the TH-inactivating enzyme, deiodinase type 3 (D3), during early retinal development. To this end we created a Xenopus laevis transgenic line expressing GFP from the Xenopus dio3 promoter region (pdio3) and followed pdio3-GFP expression in pre-metamorphic tadpoles. To validate retinal GFP expression in the transgenic line as a function of dio3 promoter activity, we used in situ hybridization to compare endogenous dio3 expression to reporter-driven GFP activity. Retinal expression of dio3 increased during pre-metamorphosis through stages NF41, 45 and 48. Both sets of results show dio3 to have cell-specific, dynamic expression in the pre-metamorphic retina. At stage NF48, dio3 expression co-localised with markers for photoreceptors, rods, Opsin-S cones and bipolar neurons. In contrast, in post-metamorphic juveniles dio3 expression was reduced and spatially confined to certain photoreceptors and amacrine cells. We compared dio3 expression at stages NF41 and NF48 with TH-dependent transcriptional responses using another transgenic reporter line: THbZIP-GFP and by analyzing the expression of T3-regulated genes in distinct TH availability contexts. At stage NF48, the majority of retinal cells expressing dio3 were negative for T3 signaling. Notably, most ganglion cells were virtually both dio3-free and T3-responsive. The results show that dio3 can reduce TH availability at the cellular scale. Further, a reduction in dio3 expression can trigger fine-tuned T3 action in cell-type specific maturation at the right time, as exemplified here in photoreceptor survival in the pre-metamorphic retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Le Blay
- Département Adaptation du Vivant, UMR CNRS, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Laëtitia Préau
- Zoologisches Institut, Zell-und Entwicklungsbiologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ghislaine Morvan-Dubois
- Département Adaptation du Vivant, UMR CNRS, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Barbara Demeneix
- Département Adaptation du Vivant, UMR CNRS, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
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Kumar M, Modi S, Rana P, Kumar P, Kanwar R, Sekhri T, D'souza M, Khushu S. Alteration in intrinsic and extrinsic functional connectivity of resting state networks associated with subclinical hypothyroid. J Neuroendocrinol 2018; 30. [PMID: 29504670 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is characterized by mild elevation of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (range 5-10 μIU/ml) and normal free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4). The cognitive function impairment is well known in thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, but little is known about deficits in brain functions in SCH subjects. Also, whether hormone-replacement treatment is necessary or not in SCH subjects is still debatable. In order to have an insight into the cognition of SCH subjects, intrinsic and extrinsic functional connectivity (FC) of the resting state networks (RSNs) was studied. For resting state data analysis we used an unbiased, data-driven approach based on Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and dual-regression that can emphasize widespread changes in FC without restricting to a set of predefined seeds. 28 SCH subjects and 28 matched healthy controls (HC) participated in the study. RSN analysis showed significantly decreased intrinsic FC in somato-motor network (SMN) and right fronto-parietal attention network (RAN) and increased intrinsic FC in default mode network (DMN) in SCH subjects as compared to control subjects. The reduced intrinsic FC in the SMN and RAN suggests neuro-cognitive alterations in SCH subjects in the corresponding functions which were also evident from the deficit in the neuropsychological performance of the SCH subjects on behavioural tests such as digit span, delayed recall, visual retention, recognition, Bender Gestalt and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). We also found a significant reduction in extrinsic network FC between DMN and RAN; SMN and posterior default mode network (PDMN); and increased extrinsic FC between SMN and anterior default mode network (ADMN) in SCH subjects as compared to controls. An altered extrinsic FC in SCH suggests functional reorganization in response to neurological disruption. The partial correlation analysis between intrinsic and extrinsic RSNs FC and neuropsychological performances as well as clinical indices give interesting insights into brain-behavior relationship in SCH subjects. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar
- NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS)
| | - Shilpi Modi
- NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS)
| | - Poonam Rana
- NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS)
| | - Pawan Kumar
- NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS)
| | - Ratnesh Kanwar
- Thyroid Research Centre, (INMAS), Brig. SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, India, 110054
| | - Tarun Sekhri
- Thyroid Research Centre, (INMAS), Brig. SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, India, 110054
| | - Maria D'souza
- NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS)
| | - Subash Khushu
- NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS)
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Gutleb AC, Cambier S, Serchi T. Impact of Endocrine Disruptors on the Thyroid Hormone System. Horm Res Paediatr 2018; 86:271-278. [PMID: 26771660 DOI: 10.1159/000443501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The thyroid hormone (TH) system plays a central role in central physiological processes of many species, including mammals and humans, ranging from growth and cell differentiation, energy metabolism, thermoregulation and phasing of hibernation or annual movements of migratory species, metamorphosis from larvae to adult forms, brain development, reproduction, or the cardiovascular system. Several chemicals are known to be TH-disrupting compounds (THDCs) and have been shown to interact with virtually all elements of TH homeostasis such as feedback mechanisms with the hypothalamus-pituitary axis, TH synthesis, TH storage and release from the thyroid gland, transport protein binding and TH distribution in tissues and organs, cellular TH uptake, intracellular TH metabolism, and TH receptor binding. Therefore, chemicals interfering with the TH homeostasis have the potential to interact with many of these important processes, and especially early-life stage exposure results in permanent alterations of tissue organization and homeostatic regulation of adaptive processes. This is not only of theoretical importance as the reported plasma concentrations of THDCs in human plasma fall well within the range of reported in vitro effect concentrations, and this is of even higher importance as the developing fetus and young children are in a sensitive developmental stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno C Gutleb
- Environmental Health Group, Life Cycle Sustainability and Risk Assessment (LiSRA) Unit, Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
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Gothié JD, Demeneix B, Remaud S. Comparative approaches to understanding thyroid hormone regulation of neurogenesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 459:104-115. [PMID: 28545819 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) signalling, an evolutionary conserved pathway, is crucial for brain function and cognition throughout life, from early development to ageing. In humans, TH deficiency during pregnancy alters offspring brain development, increasing the risk of cognitive disorders. How TH regulates neurogenesis and subsequent behaviour and cognitive functions remains a major research challenge. Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying TH signalling on proliferation, survival, determination, migration, differentiation and maturation have been studied in mammalian animal models for over a century. However, recent data show that THs also influence embryonic and adult neurogenesis throughout vertebrates (from mammals to teleosts). These latest observations raise the question of how TH availability is controlled during neurogenesis and particularly in specific neural stem cell populations. This review deals with the role of TH in regulating neurogenesis in the developing and the adult brain across different vertebrate species. Such evo-devo approaches can shed new light on (i) the evolution of the nervous system and (ii) the evolutionary control of neurogenesis by TH across animal phyla. We also discuss the role of thyroid disruptors on brain development in an evolutionary context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-David Gothié
- CNRS, UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris France
| | - Barbara Demeneix
- CNRS, UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris France.
| | - Sylvie Remaud
- CNRS, UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris France.
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Galton VA. The ups and downs of the thyroxine pro-hormone hypothesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 458:105-111. [PMID: 28130114 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Thyroxine (T4) is the major thyroid hormone in the thyroid gland and the circulation. However, it is widely accepted on the basis of abundant evidence that 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) is responsible for most, if not all, of the physiological effects of TH in extrathyroidal tissues, and T4 functions as the pro-hormone. Whether T4 has any intrinsic activity per se or is merely a pro-hormone that must be converted to T3 in order to exert any TH action has yet to be resolved. Although there are some physiological actions of T4 that are mediated by receptors at the cell membrane (non-genomic effects), the vast majority of the physiological effects of the THs identified to date involve the binding of T3 to specific nuclear receptors to regulate gene expression (genomic effects). This review examines how the role of T4 in genomic TH action has been viewed and debated during the hundred years since it was first isolated in 1914.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Anne Galton
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
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Deficiency of the Thyroid Hormone Transporter Monocarboxylate Transporter 8 in Neural Progenitors Impairs Cellular Processes Crucial for Early Corticogenesis. J Neurosci 2017; 37:11616-11631. [PMID: 29109240 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1917-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are essential for establishing layered brain structures, a process called corticogenesis, by acting on transcriptional activity of numerous genes. In humans, deficiency of the monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8), involved in cellular uptake of THs before their action, results in severe neurological abnormalities, known as the Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome. While the brain lesions predominantly originate prenatally, it remains unclear how and when exactly MCT8 dysfunction affects cellular processes crucial for corticogenesis. We investigated this by inducing in vivo RNAi vector-based knockdown of MCT8 in neural progenitors of the chicken optic tectum, a layered structure that shares many developmental features with the mammalian cerebral cortex. MCT8 knockdown resulted in cellular hypoplasia and a thinner optic tectum. This could be traced back to disrupted cell-cycle kinetics and a premature shift to asymmetric cell divisions impairing progenitor cell pool expansion. Birth-dating experiments confirmed diminished neurogenesis in the MCT8-deficient cell population as well as aberrant migration of both early-born and late-born neuroblasts, which could be linked to reduced reelin signaling and disorganized radial glial cell fibers. Impaired neurogenesis resulted in a reduced number of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons, but the latter additionally showed decreased differentiation. Moreover, an accompanying reduction in untransfected GABAergic neurons suggests hampered intercellular communication. These results indicate that MCT8-dependent TH uptake in the neural progenitors is essential for early events in corticogenesis, and help to understand the origin of the problems in cortical development and function in Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome patients.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Thyroid hormones (THs) are essential to establish the stereotypical layered structure of the human forebrain during embryonic development. Before their action on gene expression, THs require cellular uptake, a process facilitated by the TH transporter monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8). We investigated how and when dysfunctional MCT8 can induce brain lesions associated with the Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome, characterized by psychomotor retardation. We used the layered chicken optic tectum to model cortical development, and induced MCT8 deficiency in neural progenitors. Impaired cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation resulted in an underdeveloped optic tectum and a severe reduction in nerve cells. Our data underline the need for MCT8-dependent TH uptake in neural progenitors and stress the importance of local TH action in early development.
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Opazo MC, Haensgen H, Bohmwald K, Venegas LF, Boudin H, Elorza AA, Simon F, Fardella C, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM, Riedel CA. Imprinting of maternal thyroid hormones in the offspring. Int Rev Immunol 2017; 36:240-255. [DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2016.1277216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María Cecilia Opazo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Henny Haensgen
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karen Bohmwald
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis F. Venegas
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Alvaro A. Elorza
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Faculta de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello
| | - Felipe Simon
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Fardella
- Millenium Institute on Immunology and immunotherapy, Departamento de Endocrinología, Faculta de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M. Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- INSERM UMR1064, Nantes, France
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- INSERM UMR1064, Nantes, France
| | - Claudia A. Riedel
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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Stohn JP, Martinez ME, Matoin K, Morte B, Bernal J, Galton VA, St Germain D, Hernandez A. MCT8 Deficiency in Male Mice Mitigates the Phenotypic Abnormalities Associated With the Absence of a Functional Type 3 Deiodinase. Endocrinology 2016; 157:3266-77. [PMID: 27254003 PMCID: PMC4967121 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mice deficient in the type 3 deiodinase (D3KO mice) manifest impaired clearance of thyroid hormone (TH), leading to elevated levels of TH action during development. This alteration causes reduced neonatal viability, growth retardation, and central hypothyroidism. Here we examined how these phenotypes are affected by a deficiency in the monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8), which is a major contributor to the transport of the active thyroid hormone, T3, into the cell. MCT8 deficiency eliminated the neonatal lethality of type 3 deiodinase (D3)-deficient mice and significantly ameliorated their growth retardation. Double-mutant newborn mice exhibited similar peripheral thyrotoxicosis and increased brain expression of T3-dependent genes as mice with D3 deficiency only. Later in neonatal life and adulthood, double-mutant mice manifested central and peripheral TH status similar to mice with single MCT8 deficiency, with low serum T4, elevated serum TSH and T3, and decreased T3-dependent gene expression in the hypothalamus. In double-mutant adult mice, both thyroid gland size and the hypothyroidism-induced rise in TSH were greater than those in mice with single D3 deficiency but less than those in mice with MCT8 deficiency alone. Our results demonstrate that the marked phenotypic abnormalities observed in the D3-deficient mouse, including perinatal mortality, growth retardation, and central hypothyroidism in adult animals, require expression of MCT8, confirming the interdependent relationship between the TH transport into cells and the deiodination processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Patrizia Stohn
- Center of Molecular Medicine (J.P.S., M.E.M., K.M., D.S.G., A.H.), Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas (B.M., J.B.), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, 28029 Madrid, Spain; and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology (V.A.G.), Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756
| | - M Elena Martinez
- Center of Molecular Medicine (J.P.S., M.E.M., K.M., D.S.G., A.H.), Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas (B.M., J.B.), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, 28029 Madrid, Spain; and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology (V.A.G.), Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756
| | - Kassey Matoin
- Center of Molecular Medicine (J.P.S., M.E.M., K.M., D.S.G., A.H.), Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas (B.M., J.B.), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, 28029 Madrid, Spain; and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology (V.A.G.), Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756
| | - Beatriz Morte
- Center of Molecular Medicine (J.P.S., M.E.M., K.M., D.S.G., A.H.), Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas (B.M., J.B.), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, 28029 Madrid, Spain; and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology (V.A.G.), Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756
| | - Juan Bernal
- Center of Molecular Medicine (J.P.S., M.E.M., K.M., D.S.G., A.H.), Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas (B.M., J.B.), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, 28029 Madrid, Spain; and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology (V.A.G.), Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756
| | - Valerie Anne Galton
- Center of Molecular Medicine (J.P.S., M.E.M., K.M., D.S.G., A.H.), Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas (B.M., J.B.), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, 28029 Madrid, Spain; and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology (V.A.G.), Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756
| | - Donald St Germain
- Center of Molecular Medicine (J.P.S., M.E.M., K.M., D.S.G., A.H.), Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas (B.M., J.B.), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, 28029 Madrid, Spain; and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology (V.A.G.), Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756
| | - Arturo Hernandez
- Center of Molecular Medicine (J.P.S., M.E.M., K.M., D.S.G., A.H.), Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas (B.M., J.B.), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, 28029 Madrid, Spain; and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology (V.A.G.), Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756
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Gyllenberg D, Sourander A, Surcel HM, Hinkka-Yli-Salomäki S, McKeague IW, Brown AS. Hypothyroxinemia During Gestation and Offspring Schizophrenia in a National Birth Cohort. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 79:962-70. [PMID: 26194598 PMCID: PMC4684794 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence from animal and human studies indicates that thyroid hormone deficiency during early gestation alters brain development. As schizophrenia is associated with prenatal brain insults and premorbid cognitive deficits, we tested the a priori hypothesis that serologically defined maternal thyroid deficiency during early gestation to mid-gestation is associated with schizophrenia in offspring. METHODS The investigation is based on the Finnish Prenatal Study of Schizophrenia, a nested case-control study that included archived maternal sera from virtually all pregnancies since 1983 (N = >1 million). We identified all offspring in the cohort with a diagnosis of schizophrenia based on the national inpatient and outpatient register and matched them on sex, date of birth, and residence in Finland at time of onset of the case to comparison subjects (1:1) from the cohort. Maternal sera of 1010 case-control pairs were assessed for free thyroxine, and sera of 948 case-control pairs were assessed for thyroid-stimulating hormone. RESULTS Maternal hypothyroxinemia (free thyroxine ≤10th percentile, normal thyroid-stimulating hormone) was associated with an increased odds of schizophrenia (odds ratio = 1.75, 95% confidence interval = 1.22-2.50, p = .002). When adjusted for maternal psychiatric history, province of birth, and maternal smoking during pregnancy, the association remained significant (odds ratio = 1.70, 95% confidence interval = 1.13-2.55, p = .010). CONCLUSIONS In a large, national birth cohort, prospectively documented hypothyroxinemia during early gestation to mid-gestation was associated with increased odds of schizophrenia in offspring. This information can inform translational studies of maternal hypothyroxinemia examining molecular and cellular deviations relevant to schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gyllenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York; Department of Child Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku.
| | - Andre Sourander
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States, Department of Child Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland, Department of Child Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Ian W. McKeague
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alan S. Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States
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