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Yang Y, Zhang X, Yang Y, Gao P, Fan W, Zheng T, Yang W, Tang Y, Cai K. A two-pronged approach to inhibit ferroptosis of MSCs caused by the iron overload in postmenopausal osteoporosis and promote osseointegration of titanium implant. Bioact Mater 2024; 41:336-354. [PMID: 39161794 PMCID: PMC11331706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a prevalent condition among elderly women. After menopause, women exhibit decreased iron excretion, which is prone to osteoporosis. To design a specific titanium implant for PMOP, we first analyze miRNAs and DNA characteristics of postmenopausal patients with and without osteoporosis. The results indicate that iron overload disrupts iron homeostasis in the pathogenesis of PMOP. Further experiments confirm that iron overload can cause lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis of MSCs, thus breaking bone homeostasis. Based on the findings above, we have designed a novel Ti implant coated with nanospheres of caffeic acid (CA) and deferoxamine (DFO). CA can bind on the Ti surface through the two adjacent phenolic hydroxyls and polymerize into polycaffeic acid (PCA) dimer, as well as the PCA nanospheres with the repetitive 1,4-benzodioxan units. DFO was grafted with PCA through borate ester bonds. The experimental results showed that modified Ti can inhibit the ferroptosis of MSCs in the pathological environment of PMOP and promote osseointegration in two main ways. Firstly, DFO was released under high oxidative stress, chelating with excess iron and decreasing the labile iron pool in MSCs. Meanwhile, CA and DFO activated the KEAP1/NRF2/HMOX1 pathway in MSCs and reduced the level of intracellular lipid peroxidation. So, the ferroptosis of MSCs is inhibited by promoting the SLC7A11/GSH/GPX4 pathway. Furthermore, the remained CA coating on the Ti surface could reduce the extracellular oxidative stress and glutathione level. This study offers a novel inspiration for the specific design of Ti implants in the treatment of PMOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Xianhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Pengfei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Wuzhe Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Weihu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Orthopedics Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Kaiyong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
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Horeau M, Delalande M, Ropert M, Leroyer P, Martin B, Orfila L, Loréal O, Derbré F. Sex similarities and divergences in systemic and muscle iron metabolism adaptations to extreme physical inactivity in rats. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024; 15:1989-1998. [PMID: 39049183 PMCID: PMC11446688 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous data in humans suggest that extreme physical inactivity (EPI) affects iron metabolism differently between sexes. Our objective was to deepen the underlying mechanisms by studying rats of both sexes exposed to hindlimb unloading (HU), the reference experimental model mimicking EPI. METHODS Eight-week-old male and female Wistar rats were assigned to control (CTL) or hindlimb unloading (HU) conditions (n = 12/group). After 7 days of HU, serum, liver, spleen, and soleus muscle were removed. Iron parameters were measured in serum samples, and ICP-MS was used to quantify iron in tissues. Iron metabolism genes and proteins were analysed by RT-qPCR and Western blot. RESULTS Compared with control males, control females exhibited higher iron concentrations in serum (+43.3%, p < 0.001), liver (LIC; +198%, P < 0.001), spleen (SIC; +76.1%, P < 0.001), and transferrin saturation (TS) in serum (+53.3%, P < 0.001), contrasting with previous observations in humans. HU rat males, but not females, exhibited an increase of LIC (+54% P < 0.001) and SIC (+30.1%, P = 0.023), along with a rise of H-ferritin protein levels (+60.9% and +134%, respectively, in liver and spleen; P < 0.05) and a decrease of TFRC protein levels (-36%; -50%, respectively, P < 0.05). HU males also exhibited an increase of splenic HO-1 and NRF2 mRNA levels, (p < 0.001), as well as HU females (P < 0.001). Concomitantly to muscle atrophy observed in HU animals, the iron concentration increased in soleus in females (+26.7, P = 0.004) while only a trend is observed in males (+17.5%, P = 0.088). In addition, the H-ferritin and myoglobin protein levels in soleus were increased in males (+748%, P < 0.001, +22%, P = 0.011, respectively) and in females (+369%, P < 0.001, +21.9%, P = 0.007, respectively), whereas TFRC and ferroportin (FPN) protein levels were reduced in males (-68.9%, P < 0.001, -76.8%, P < 0.001, respectively) and females (-75.9%, P < 0.001, -62.9%, P < 0.001, respectively). Interestingly, in both sexes, heme exporter FLVCR1 mRNA increased in soleus, while protein levels decreased (-39.9% for males P = 0.010 and -49.1% for females P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data support that, in rats (1) extreme physical inactivity differently impacts the distribution of iron in both sexes, (2) splenic erythrophagocytosis could play a role in this iron misdistribution. The higher iron concentrations in atrophied soleus from both sexes are associated with a decoupling between the increase in iron storage proteins (i.e., ferritin and myoglobin) and the decrease in levels of iron export proteins (i.e., FPN and FLVCR1), thus supporting an iron sequestration in skeletal muscle under extreme physical inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Horeau
- Laboratory “Movement Sport and Health Sciences” EA7470University of Rennes/ENSRennesFrance
- INSERM, University of Rennes, INRAE, UMR 1317Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan) InstituteRennesFrance
| | - Melissa Delalande
- Laboratory “Movement Sport and Health Sciences” EA7470University of Rennes/ENSRennesFrance
| | - Martine Ropert
- INSERM, University of Rennes, INRAE, UMR 1317Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan) InstituteRennesFrance
- Elemental Analysis and Metabolism of Metals (AEM2) PlatformUniv Rennes CHU PontchaillouRennesFrance
| | - Patricia Leroyer
- INSERM, University of Rennes, INRAE, UMR 1317Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan) InstituteRennesFrance
| | - Brice Martin
- Laboratory “Movement Sport and Health Sciences” EA7470University of Rennes/ENSRennesFrance
| | - Luz Orfila
- Laboratory “Movement Sport and Health Sciences” EA7470University of Rennes/ENSRennesFrance
| | - Olivier Loréal
- INSERM, University of Rennes, INRAE, UMR 1317Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan) InstituteRennesFrance
- Elemental Analysis and Metabolism of Metals (AEM2) PlatformUniv Rennes CHU PontchaillouRennesFrance
| | - Frédéric Derbré
- Laboratory “Movement Sport and Health Sciences” EA7470University of Rennes/ENSRennesFrance
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Wylenzek F, Bühling KJ, Laakmann E. A systematic review on the impact of nutrition and possible supplementation on the deficiency of vitamin complexes, iron, omega-3-fatty acids, and lycopene in relation to increased morbidity in women after menopause. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 310:2235-2245. [PMID: 38935105 PMCID: PMC11393286 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-024-07555-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
A balanced and healthy diet during the menopausal transition and after menopause is crucial for women to reduce the risk for morbidities and chronic diseases due to deficiency of essential nutrients. PURPOSE The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of studies that analyzed the impact of vitamin and nutrient deficiencies in postmenopausal women in relation to increased morbidities and chronic conditions. METHODS Observational studies were searched in the databases PubMed, UpToDate, and Google Scholar. RESULTS We searched 122 studies, of which 90 were included in our analysis. The meta-analysis of the data could not be performed because of the heterogeneity of the statistical methods in the included studies. In our study, we focused on the aspects of vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin D, iron, omega-3-fatty acids, and lycopene, belonging to the family of carotenoids. Postmenopausal women with deficiencies of these nutrients are more vulnerable to comorbidities such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, metabolic diseases, osteoporosis, obesity, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, depression, cognitive decline, dementia, and stroke. We concluded that women after menopause tend to have a greater probability of suffering from deficiencies in various vitamins and nutrients, and consequently have an increased risk of developing morbidities and chronic diseases. CONCLUSION In conclusion, maintaining optimum serum levels of nutrients and vitamins, either through a balanced and healthy diet consuming fresh fruits, vegetables, and fats or by taking appropriate supplementation, is essential in maintaining optimal health-related quality of life and reducing the risk for women during the menopausal transition and after menopause. Nevertheless, more recent studies need to be assessed to formulate adequate recommendations to achieve positive clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Wylenzek
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai J Bühling
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Elena Laakmann
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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Jiang Z, Qi G, He X, Yu Y, Cao Y, Zhang C, Zou W, Yuan H. Ferroptosis in Osteocytes as a Target for Protection Against Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307388. [PMID: 38233202 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a necrotic form of iron-dependent regulatory cell death. Estrogen withdrawal can interfere with iron metabolism, which is responsible for the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP). Here, it is demonstrated that estrogen withdrawal induces iron accumulation in the skeleton and the ferroptosis of osteocytes, leading to reduced bone mineral density. Furthermore, the facilitatory effect of ferroptosis of osteocytes is verified in the occurrence and development of postmenopausal osteoporosis is associated with over activated osteoclastogenesis using a direct osteocyte/osteoclast coculture system and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) knockout ovariectomized mice. In addition, the nuclear factor erythroid derived 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway is confirmed to be a crucial factor in the ferroptosis of osteocytic cells. Nrf2 regulates the expression of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) by regulating the DNA methylation level of the RANKL promoter mediated by DNA methyltransferase 3a (Dnmt3a), which is as an important mechanism in osteocytic ferroptosis-mediated osteoclastogenesis. Taken together, this data suggests that osteocytic ferroptosis is involved in PMOP and can be targeted to tune bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengxin Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Guobin Qi
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xuecheng He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yifan Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yuting Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Weiguo Zou
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Hengfeng Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
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Xiao G, Li C, Chen Y, Zhao P, Li W, Xiao H, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou R, Liu A, Liu L, Du L, Xiang Q, Yang J, Wang Y. Risk prediction of iron deficiency for plasmapheresis donors in China: Development and validation of a prediction model. Vox Sang 2024; 119:144-154. [PMID: 38152043 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The present study aims to evaluate the iron stores in plasmapheresis donors and develop and validate an iron deficiency (ID) risk prediction model for plasmapheresis donors with potential or existing ID. MATERIALS AND METHODS We assessed plasmapheresis donors' serum ferritin (SF) and haemoglobin (Hb) levels. The candidate factors showing significant differences in the multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to establish a risk prediction scoring system. The participants were divided into a training cohort and an internal validation cohort in a 7:3 ratio. Additional plasmapheresis donors from a different station were recruited for external validation. RESULTS The SF levels in both male and female donors in the high-frequency group were significantly lower than those of new donors (male: p < 0.001; female: p = 0.008). The prevalence of ID in female regular donors with a high frequency was significantly higher than that in new donors (33.1% vs. 24.6%; odds ratio = 1.209 [95% CI: 1.035-1.412]). Donation frequency, age, Hb, body mass index and being pre-menopausal were identified as independent risk factors for ID (p < 0.05). The developed model exhibited good discrimination ability (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve >0.7) and calibration (p > 0.05) in development, internal validation cohorts and external validation cohorts. CONCLUSION A higher donation frequency has been associated with reduced SF levels and an increased risk of ID in women. The developed ID risk prediction model demonstrates moderate discriminative power and good model fitting, suggesting its potential clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin Xiao
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Changqing Li
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongjun Chen
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Peizhe Zhao
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Wan Li
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanzu Xiao
- Nanyue Biopharmaceutical Corporation Ltd, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yating Yang
- Sichuan Yuanda Shuyang Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Hualan Biological Engineering Inc, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Aying Liu
- Linwu Plasmapheresis Station, Nanyue Biopharming Corporation Ltd, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Lili Liu
- Changyuan Plasmapheresis Station, Hualan Biological Engineering Inc, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Linzhi Du
- Jiange Plasmapheresis Station, Sichuan Yuanda Shuyang Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Xinhua Plasmapheresis Station, Nanyue Biopharming Corporation Ltd, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Xundian Plasmapheresis Station, Sichuan Yuanda Shuyang Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Chengdu, Yunnan, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China
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Jiang J, Zhao B, Xiao J, Shi L, Shang W, Shu Y, Zhao Z, Shen J, Xu J, Cai H. Exploring the boost of steaming with wine on Ligustri Lucidi Fructus in treating postmenopausal osteoporosis based on superior "multi-component structure" and iron/bone metabolism coregulation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155275. [PMID: 38142661 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical studies indicated that postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) often accompanied by iron overload risk factor, which exacerbated bone metabolism disorders and accelerated PMOP. Previous research found that multicomponent in Ligustri Lucidi Fructus (FLL) or wine-steamed FLL (WFLL) acted on the common targets of iron overload and PMOP simultaneously, which indicated that FLL and WFLL probably regulated iron/bone metabolism dually. Additionally, WFLL had more superior effect according to the theory of Chinese medicine for thousands of years. PURPOSE To reveal the "superior multi-component structure (SMCS)" and its molecular mechanisms in parallelly down-regulating iron overload and rescuing bone metabolism by WFLL. DESIGNS AND METHODS HPLC fingerprinting was established to compare the chemical profiles of FLL and WFLL; Then, the chemical compositions and quality markers of FLL and WFLL were analyzed by UPLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS coupled with OPLS-DA; the dynamic contents of quality markers and the multi-component structure at different wine steaming times (WST) were simultaneously determined by HPLC-DAD. Meanwhile, the dynamic efficacy of FLL at different WST were hunt by systematic zebrafish model. Subsequently, potential mechanism of WFLL in treating PMOP accompanied with iron overload was obtained from network pharmacology (NP) and molecular docking (MD). Finally, zebrafish and ovariectomy rat model were carried out to validate this potential mechanism. RESULTS HPLC fingerprints similarity of 15 batches in FLL and WFLL were among 0.9-1.0. 126 compositions were identified, including 58 iridoids, 25 terpenes, 30 phenylethanoids, 7 flavonoids and 6 others. 20 quality markers associated with WFLL was revealed, and the ratio of phenylethanols: Iridoids: Triterpenes (P/I/T) was converted from 1: 15: 4.5 to 1: 0.8: 0.9 during steaming (0 - 24 h) calculated by the quantification of 11 quality markers; the bone mineralization and motor performance of zebrafish larvae indicated that the optimum efficacy of WFLL at 12 h (p < 0.05) in which the SMCS of P/I/T was converted to 1: 4: 1.8. NP discovered that BMP-Smad pathway is one of the potential mechanisms of FLL in anti PMOP and then regulated bone formation and iron overload simultaneously. MD revealed that 17 active ingredients and 10 core targets genes could spontaneously bind with appropriate affinity. Rats model verified that FLL and WFLL significantly reversed PMOP, based on the improvement in bone formation indexes (ALP, OPG, OGN), iron metabolism indicators (hepcidin, ferritin), bone microstructure (BMD, BV/TV, Tb. Th, Tb. N); Moreover, WFLL significant enhanced reversal effect in anti-PMOP compared to FLL (p < 0.05). FLL and WFLL increased genes and proteins expression (Hep, BMP-6, p-Smad1/5, Smad4) related to BMP-Smad pathway compared with model group, and WFLL was more superior than FLL (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION The SMCS of FLL was optimized by wine-steam, WFLL represented a dual effect in downregulating iron overload and promoting bone formation, and the BMP-Smad pathway is one of the potential molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Department of TCM, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Baixiu Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Jianpeng Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Nanjing first hospital, No.68 Changle Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, China
| | - Wei Shang
- Department of TCM, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ye Shu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Zhiming Zhao
- Department of TCM, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junyi Shen
- Department of TCM, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjuan Xu
- Department of TCM, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of TCM, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Troike KM, Wang SZ, Silver DJ, Lee J, Mulkearns-Hubert EE, Hajdari N, Ghosh PK, Kay KE, Beilis JL, Mitchell SE, Bishop CW, Hong ES, Artomov M, Hubert CG, Rajappa P, Connor JR, Fox PL, Kristensen BW, Lathia JD. Homeostatic iron regulatory protein drives glioblastoma growth via tumor cell-intrinsic and sex-specific responses. Neurooncol Adv 2024; 6:vdad154. [PMID: 38239626 PMCID: PMC10794878 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdad154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) displays alterations in iron that drive proliferation and tumor growth. Iron regulation is complex and involves many regulatory mechanisms, including the homeostatic iron regulator (HFE) gene, which encodes the homeostatic iron regulatory protein. While HFE is upregulated in GBM and correlates with poor survival outcomes, the function of HFE in GBM remains unclear. Methods We interrogated the impact of cell-intrinsic Hfe expression on proliferation and survival of intracranially implanted animals through genetic gain- and loss-of-function approaches in syngeneic mouse glioma models, along with in vivo immune assessments. We also determined the expression of iron-associated genes and their relationship to survival in GBM using public data sets and used transcriptional profiling to identify differentially expressed pathways in control compared to Hfe-knockdown cells. Results Overexpression of Hfe accelerated GBM proliferation and reduced animal survival, whereas suppression of Hfe induced apoptotic cell death and extended survival, which was more pronounced in females and associated with attenuation of natural killer cells and CD8+ T cell activity. Analysis of iron gene signatures in Hfe-knockdown cells revealed alterations in the expression of several iron-associated genes, suggesting global disruption of intracellular iron homeostasis. Further analysis of differentially expressed pathways revealed oxidative stress as the top pathway upregulated following Hfe loss. Hfe knockdown indeed resulted in enhanced 55Fe uptake and generation of reactive oxygen species. Conclusions These findings reveal an essential function for HFE in GBM cell growth and survival, as well as a sex-specific interaction with the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Troike
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sabrina Z Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel J Silver
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Juyeun Lee
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Erin E Mulkearns-Hubert
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicole Hajdari
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Prabar K Ghosh
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kristen E Kay
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Julia L Beilis
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sofia E Mitchell
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Christopher W Bishop
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ellen S Hong
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mykyta Artomov
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Christopher G Hubert
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Prajwal Rajappa
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - James R Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paul L Fox
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Bjarne W Kristensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Ekanayake A, Peiris S, Ahmed B, Kanekar S, Grove C, Kalra D, Eslinger P, Yang Q, Karunanayaka P. A Review of the Role of Estrogens in Olfaction, Sleep and Glymphatic Functionality in Relation to Sex Disparity in Alzheimer's Disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2024; 39:15333175241272025. [PMID: 39116421 PMCID: PMC11311174 DOI: 10.1177/15333175241272025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Several risk factors contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including genetics, metabolic health, cardiovascular history, and diet. It has been observed that women appear to face a higher risk of developing AD. Among the various hypotheses surrounding the gender disparity in AD, one pertains to the potential neuroprotective properties of estrogen. Compared to men, women are believed to be more susceptible to neuropathology due to the significant decline in circulating estrogen levels following menopause. Studies have shown, however, that estrogen replacement therapies in post-menopausal women do not consistently reduce the risk of AD. While menopause and estrogen levels are potential factors in the elevated incidence rates of AD among women, this review highlights the possible roles estrogen has in other pathways that may also contribute to the sex disparity observed in AD such as olfaction, sleep, and glymphatic functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupa Ekanayake
- Department of Radiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus
| | - Senal Peiris
- Department of Radiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Biyar Ahmed
- Department of Radiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Sangam Kanekar
- Department of Radiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Cooper Grove
- Department of Radiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Deepak Kalra
- Department of Neurology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Paul Eslinger
- Department of Radiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Radiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Prasanna Karunanayaka
- Department of Radiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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9
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Widgerow AD, Ziegler ME, Garruto JA, Shafiq F. Antioxidants with proven efficacy and elastin-conserving vitamin C-A new approach to free radical defense. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:3320-3328. [PMID: 37853849 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper describes the background research and validation related to the formulation of a novel antioxidant product. Two defined outcomes were sought. Firstly, a combined efficacy of antioxidant ingredients in quenching free oxygen radicals. Secondly, the investigation into whether a vitamin C derivative sodium salt was elastin conserving in contrast to current vitamin C/l-ascorbic acid variations that have been reported to negatively affect elastin constitution and regeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS A leading l-ascorbic acid antioxidant available on the market was compared with the experimental new product in two studies. In the first experiment, the products were compared to assess their antioxidant properties. The evaluated products TOPICAL ANTIOXIDANT 1 and TOPICAL ANTIOXIDANT 2 were applied to human skin cultures (25-30 mg/cm2 ) for a total of 72 h of treatment and exposed to oxidative stress. The generation of free radicals was semi-quantitatively assessed by measuring the fluorescence intensity of the deacetylation and oxidation of the probe dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). In the second experiment, an ex vivo skin model (derived from patients undergoing facelift procedures) was used to assess elastin preservation. Three skin explants were topically subjected to the two formulations daily for 7 days. The skin was then prepared and fixed for immunofluorescent assessment after staining with CD44 and tropoelastin antibodies. Images were then analyzed using ImageJ. RESULTS A full description of the different components selected for the new formulation is presented. In the first study, the experimental formulation performed with absolute equivalence to the comparator in its radical quenching capacity; both showed extremely effective antioxidant function. In the second study, the comparator negatively affected the existing elastin with areas of breakdown and diminished staining. In contrast, the new formulation showed good conservation of healthy elastin in all sections demonstrating elastin preservation. CONCLUSION A new antioxidant formulation was carefully designed with multiple actives that show an equivalent antioxidant capacity to a leading product on the market. More importantly, the vitamin C component shows direct elastin conservation and improvement as opposed to the comparator, which had negative effects on elastin preservation. This is in keeping with little-known literature reports on vitamin C and its negative effects on elastin and validates the use of a sodium salt derivative, which appears to have protective effects on elastin. These findings support the overall regenerative extracellular matrix changes seen with TriHex® technology in other products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Widgerow
- Center for Tissue Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Alastin, A Galderma Company, Carlsbard, California, USA
| | | | | | - Faiza Shafiq
- Alastin, A Galderma Company, Carlsbard, California, USA
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10
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Karamitrou EK, Anagnostis P, Vaitsi K, Athanasiadis L, Goulis DG. Early menopause and premature ovarian insufficiency are associated with increased risk of dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Maturitas 2023; 176:107792. [PMID: 37393661 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2023.107792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Among other risk factors, the decline in estrogen concentrations during menopause may compromise cognitive function. Whether early menopause (EM) is associated with an increased risk of dementia remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to systematically review and meta-analyze current evidence regarding the association between EM or premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and the risk of dementia of any type. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted through the PubMed, Scopus and CENTRAL databases up to August 2022. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Associations were calculated as odds ratio (OR) with 95 % confidence interval (CI). The I2 index was employed for heterogeneity. RESULTS Eleven studies (nine assessed as of good and two as of fair quality) were included in the meta-analysis (n = 4,716,862). Women with EM demonstrated a greater risk of dementia of any type than women of normal age at menopause (OR 1.37, 95 % CI 1.22-1.54; I2 93%). However, after excluding a large retrospective cohort study, the results were altered (OR 1.07, 95 % CI 0.78-1.48; I2 94%). Increased risk of dementia was also found in women with POI (OR 1.18, 95 % CI 1.15-1.21; I2 0%). Subgroup analysis showed that this risk was mostly evident in cohort studies, and those which included women with natural menopause. CONCLUSIONS Women with EM or POI may be at increased risk of dementia compared with women of normal age at menopause, but further research investigating that hypothesis is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni K Karamitrou
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Anagnostis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Konstantina Vaitsi
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Loukas Athanasiadis
- First Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Goulis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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11
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Xu T, Cai J, Wang L, Xu L, Zhao H, Wang F, Meyron-Holtz EG, Missirlis F, Qiao T, Li K. Hormone replacement therapy for postmenopausal atherosclerosis is offset by late age iron deposition. eLife 2023; 12:e80494. [PMID: 37561022 PMCID: PMC10414966 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal atherosclerosis (AS) has been attributed to estrogen deficiency. However, the beneficial effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is lost in late postmenopausal women with atherogenesis. We asked whether aging-related iron accumulation affects estrogen receptor α (ERα) expression, thus explaining HRT inefficacy. A negative correlation has been observed between aging-related systemic iron deposition and ERα expression in postmenopausal AS patients. In an ovariectomized Apoe-/- mouse model, estradiol treatment had contrasting effects on ERα expression in early versus late postmenopausal mice. ERα expression was inhibited by iron treatment in cell culture and iron-overloaded mice. Combined treatment with estradiol and iron further decreased ERα expression, and the latter effect was mediated by iron-regulated E3 ligase Mdm2. In line with these observations, cellular cholesterol efflux was reduced, and endothelial homeostasis was disrupted. Consequently, AS was aggravated. Accordingly, systemic iron chelation attenuated estradiol-triggered progressive AS in late postmenopausal mice. Thus, iron and estradiol together downregulate ERα through Mdm2-mediated proteolysis, providing a potential explanation for failures of HRT in late postmenopausal subjects with aging-related iron accumulation. This study suggests that immediate HRT after menopause, along with appropriate iron chelation, might provide benefits from AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
| | - Jing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
| | - Li Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hongting Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Fudi Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Esther G Meyron-Holtz
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
| | - Fanis Missirlis
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, CinvestavMexicoMexico
| | - Tong Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
| | - Kuanyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
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12
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Li GF, Gao Y, Weinberg ED, Huang X, Xu YJ. Role of Iron Accumulation in Osteoporosis and the Underlying Mechanisms. Curr Med Sci 2023; 43:647-654. [PMID: 37326889 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2764-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is prevalent in postmenopausal women. The underlying reason is mainly estrogen deficiency, but recent studies have indicated that osteoporosis is also associated with iron accumulation after menopause. It has been confirmed that some methods of decreasing iron accumulation can improve the abnormal bone metabolism associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, the mechanism of iron accumulation-induced osteoporosis is still unclear. Iron accumulation may inhibit the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway via oxidative stress, leading to osteoporosis by decreasing bone formation and increasing bone resorption via the osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK) system. In addition to oxidative stress, iron accumulation also has been reported to inhibit either osteoblastogenesis or osteoblastic function as well as to stimulate either osteoclastogenesis or osteoclastic function directly. Furthermore, serum ferritin has been widely used for the prediction of bone status, and nontraumatic measurement of iron content by magnetic resonance imaging may be a promising early indicator of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Fei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 2015004, China
- Osteoporosis Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 2015004, China
- Osteoporosis Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - E D Weinberg
- Department of Biology & Program in Medical Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Xi Huang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - You-Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 2015004, China.
- Osteoporosis Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China.
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13
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Satué K, Fazio E, Cravana C, Medica P. Hepcidin, ferritin and iron homeostasis in pregnant Spanish Purebred mares. Theriogenology 2023; 206:78-86. [PMID: 37201298 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
During pregnancy, maternal erythropoietic expansion and fetal development require greater mobilization of available iron (Fe) stores. These adjustments in Fe metabolism in humans and rodents are largely mediated by the hormone hepcidin (Hepc), which controls the expression of ferroportin (Fpn), a transporter responsible for exporting Fe from stores to extracellular fluid and plasma. These mechanisms based on the regulation of Hepc on the availability of Fe during gestation in healthy mares remain unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the existence of interrelationships among concentrations of Hepc, ferritin (Ferr), Fe, and estrone (E1) and progesterone (P4) in Spanish Purebred mares along the whole gestation. Blood samples were taken from 31 Spanish Purebred mares each month, during 11 months of pregnancy. Fe and Ferr significantly increased and Hepc decreased during pregnancy (P < 0.05). The secretion peak of estrone (E1) was reached in the 5th month and progesterone (P4) between the 2nd and 3rd months of gestation (P < 0.05). Fe and Ferr were weakly positively correlated (r = 0.57; P < 0.05). Fe and Ferr were negatively correlated with Hepc (r = -0.80 and r = -0.67, respectively) (P < 0.05). P4 was positively correlated with Hepc (r = 0.53; P < 0.05). Pregnancy in the Spanish Purebred mare was characterized by a progressive increase in Fe and Ferr and a reduction in Hepc concentrations. E1 was partially responsible for the suppression of Hepc; on the other hand, P4 induced its stimulation during pregnancy in the mare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiuska Satué
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, CEU-Cardenal Herrera University, Tirant lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Esterina Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Physiology Unit, Polo Universitario Annunziata, Via Palatucci 13, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Cristina Cravana
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Physiology Unit, Polo Universitario Annunziata, Via Palatucci 13, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Pietro Medica
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Physiology Unit, Polo Universitario Annunziata, Via Palatucci 13, 98168, Messina, Italy
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14
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Tian Y, Xie Y, Guo Z, Feng P, You Y, Yu Q. 17β-oestradiol inhibits ferroptosis in the hippocampus by upregulating DHODH and further improves memory decline after ovariectomy. Redox Biol 2023; 62:102708. [PMID: 37116254 PMCID: PMC10163677 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovariectomy (OVX) conducted before the onset of natural menopause is considered to bringing forward and accelerate the process of ageing-associated neurodegeneration. However, the mechanisms underlying memory decline and other cognitive dysfunctions following OVX are unclear. Given that iron accumulates during ageing and after OVX, we hypothesized that excess iron accumulation in the hippocampus would cause ferroptosis-induced increased neuronal degeneration and death associated with memory decline. In the current study, female rats that underwent OVX showed decreased dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) expression and reduced performance in the Morris water maze (MWM). We used primary cultured hippocampal cells to explore the ferroptosis resistance-inducing effect of 17β-oestradiol (E2). The data supported a vital role of DHODH in neuronal ferroptosis. Specifically, E2 alleviated ferroptosis induced by erastin and ferric ammonium citrate (FAC), which can be blocked by brequinar (BQR). Further in vitro studies showed that E2 reduced lipid peroxidation levels and improved the behavioural performance of OVX rats. Our research interprets OVX-related neurodegeneration with respect to ferroptosis, and both our in vivo and in vitro data show that E2 supplementation exerts beneficial antiferroptotic effects by upregulating DHODH. Our data demonstrate the utility of E2 supplementation after OVX and provide a potential target, DHODH, for which hormone therapy has not been available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Dongdan Campus), No.1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Yuan Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Dongdan Campus), No.1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Zaixin Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Dongdan Campus), No.1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Penghui Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Dongdan Campus), No.1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Yang You
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Dongdan Campus), No.1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Qi Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Dongdan Campus), No.1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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15
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Cheon YI, Kim JM, Shin SC, Kim HS, Lee JC, Park GC, Sung ES, Lee M, Lee BJ. Effect of deferoxamine and ferrostatin-1 on salivary gland dysfunction in ovariectomized rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:2418-2432. [PMID: 37036468 PMCID: PMC10120905 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism underlying xerostomia after menopause has not yet been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of xerostomia and the effect of the ferroptosis inhibitors deferoxamine (DFO) and ferrostatin-1 (FER) on salivary gland dysfunction in a postmenopausal animal model. Twenty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: a SHAM group (n = 6, sham-operated rats), an OVX group (n = 6, ovariectomized rats), an FER group (n = 6, ovariectomized rats injected intraperitoneally with FER), and a DFO group (n = 6, ovariectomized rats injected intraperitoneally with DFO). GPX4 activity, iron accumulation, lipid peroxidation, inflammation, fibrosis, and salivary gland function were analyzed. Recovery of GPX4 activity and a decrease in iron accumulation and cytosolic MDA + HAE were observed in the DFO group. In addition, collagen I, collagen III, TGF-β, IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β levels were decreased in the DFO group compared to the OVX group. Recovery of GPX4 activity and the morphology of mitochondria, and reduction of cytosolic MDA + HAE were also observed in the FER group. In addition, decreased expression of inflammatory cytokines and fibrosis markers and increased expression of AQP5 were observed in both the DFO and FER groups. Postmenopausal salivary gland dysfunction is associated with ferroptosis, and DFO and FER may reverse the postmenopausal salivary gland dysfunction after menopause. DFO and FER are hence considered promising treatments for postmenopausal xerostomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Il Cheon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Pusan National University and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji Min Kim
- Pusan National University Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sung-Chan Shin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Pusan National University and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyung-Sik Kim
- Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jin-Choon Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Gi Cheol Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Eui-Suk Sung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Minhyung Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Byung-Joo Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Pusan National University and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
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16
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Li X, Duan X, Tan D, Zhang B, Xu A, Qiu N, Chen Z. Iron deficiency and iron overload in men and woman of reproductive age, and pregnant women. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 118:108381. [PMID: 37023911 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient for human biology and health, but high iron levels can be dangerous. Both iron deficiency and iron overload have been linked to reproductive health. This review summarizes the effects of iron deficiency and iron overload on men of reproductive age, women of reproductive age, and pregnant women. In addition, appropriate iron levels and the need for iron and nutritional supplements at different stages of life and pregnancy are discussed. In general, men should be aware of the risk of iron overload at any stage of life; women should take appropriate iron supplements before menopause; postmenopausal women should pay attention to the risk of iron overload; and pregnant women should receive reasonable iron supplementation in middle and late pregnancy. By summarizing evidence on the relationship between iron and reproductive health, this review aims to promote the development of strategies to optimize reproductive capacity from the perspective of nutrition. However, additional detailed experimental investigations and clinical studies are needed to assess the underlying causes and mechanisms of the observed associations between iron and reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyun Li
- Maternal and Child Health Development Research Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuexia Duan
- Physical Examination Center, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Dongmei Tan
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Anran Xu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Ningning Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China.
| | - Zhaowen Chen
- Obstetrics Department, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China.
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17
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Fighting age-related orthopedic diseases: focusing on ferroptosis. Bone Res 2023; 11:12. [PMID: 36854703 PMCID: PMC9975200 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00247-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a unique type of cell death, is characterized by iron-dependent accumulation and lipid peroxidation. It is closely related to multiple biological processes, including iron metabolism, polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism, and the biosynthesis of compounds with antioxidant activities, including glutathione. In the past 10 years, increasing evidence has indicated a potentially strong relationship between ferroptosis and the onset and progression of age-related orthopedic diseases, such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Therefore, in-depth knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis in age-related orthopedic diseases may help improve disease treatment and prevention. This review provides an overview of recent research on ferroptosis and its influences on bone and cartilage homeostasis. It begins with a brief overview of systemic iron metabolism and ferroptosis, particularly the potential mechanisms of ferroptosis. It presents a discussion on the role of ferroptosis in age-related orthopedic diseases, including promotion of bone loss and cartilage degradation and the inhibition of osteogenesis. Finally, it focuses on the future of targeting ferroptosis to treat age-related orthopedic diseases with the intention of inspiring further clinical research and the development of therapeutic strategies.
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18
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Chang VC, Cotterchio M, Kotsopoulos J, Bondy SJ. Iron Status and Associated Factors among Canadian Women: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey. J Nutr 2023; 153:781-797. [PMID: 36788041 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron deficiency and overload may negatively impact women's health. There has been limited assessment of iron status and its associated factors among Canadian women. OBJECTIVES This study investigated associations of various sociodemographic, lifestyle, medication, and dietary factors with body iron stores among pre- and postmenopausal women in Canada. METHODS Analyses were conducted using cross-sectional, nationally representative survey and biomarker data from women aged 20-79 y (n = 6362) in the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2009-2017). Body iron stores were assessed by measuring serum concentrations of ferritin (SF). Information on potential correlates was collected during an in-home interview. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate associations with SF concentration, and logistic regression was used to estimate associations with iron deficiency (SF <15 μg/L) or elevated iron stores (SF >150 μg/L). RESULTS Geometric mean SF concentrations were significantly higher in postmenopausal than in premenopausal women (73.2 versus 33.8 μg/L; P < 0.001). The prevalence of iron deficiency among pre- and postmenopausal women was 16.0% and 4.0%, respectively, whereas that of elevated iron stores was 2.7% and 21.0%, respectively. After simultaneous adjustment for multiple factors, including high-sensitivity CRP (inflammation marker), we found that age, East/Southeast Asian (versus White) race/ethnicity, alcohol, and red meat consumption were positively associated with SF concentration among pre- and postmenopausal women. In addition, aspirin use and dairy consumption were inversely associated with SF concentration among postmenopausal women only. Similar patterns were observed for associations with elevated iron stores among postmenopausal women, whereas higher grain consumption was associated with an increased prevalence of iron deficiency among premenopausal women. CONCLUSIONS Sociodemographic, lifestyle, medication, and dietary factors are correlated with iron status determined by SF concentration among Canadian women. The findings may have implications for intervention strategies aimed at optimizing body iron stores in pre- and postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky C Chang
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Prevention and Cancer Control, Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario), Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Michelle Cotterchio
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Prevention and Cancer Control, Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joanne Kotsopoulos
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Susan J Bondy
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Yu L, Li X, He M, Wang Q, Chen C, Li F, Li B, Li L. Antioxidant Carboxymethyl Chitosan Carbon Dots with Calcium Doping Achieve Ultra-Low Calcium Concentration for Iron-Induced Osteoporosis Treatment by Effectively Enhancing Calcium Bioavailability in Zebrafish. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030583. [PMID: 36978831 PMCID: PMC10045075 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron overloads osteoporosis mainly occurs to postmenopausal women and people requiring repeated blood transfusions. Iron overload increases the activity of osteoclasts and decreases the activity of osteoblasts, leading to the occurrence of osteoporosis. Conventional treatment options include calcium supplements and iron chelators. However, simple calcium supplementation is not effective, and it does not have a good therapeutic effect. Oxidative stress is one of the triggers for osteoporosis. Therefore, the study focuses on the antioxidant aspect of osteoporosis treatment. The present work revealed that antioxidant carboxymethyl chitosan-based carbon dots (AOCDs) can effectively treat iron overload osteoporosis. More interestingly, the functional modification of AOCDs by doping calcium gluconate (AOCDs:Ca) is superior to the use of any single component. AOCDs:Ca have the dual function of antioxidant and calcium supplement. AOCDs:Ca effectively improve the bioavailability of calcium and achieve ultra-low concentration calcium supplement for the treatment of iron-induced osteoporosis in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Yu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Xueting Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Mingyue He
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Qingchen Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Ce Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Fangshun Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Bingsheng Li
- Key Laboratory of UV Light Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
- Correspondence:
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20
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Xiao J, Zhang G, Chen B, He Q, Mai J, Chen W, Pan Z, Yang J, Li J, Ma Y, Wang T, Wang H. Quercetin protects against iron overload-induced osteoporosis through activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Life Sci 2023; 322:121326. [PMID: 36639053 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Eucommia is the tree bark of Eucommia japonica, family Eucommiaceae. In traditional Chinese medicine, Eucommia is often used to treat osteoporosis. Quercetin (QUE), a major flavonoid extract of Eucommia japonica, has been reported to have anti-osteoporosis effects. However, there are no studies reporting the mechanism of QUE in the treatment of iron overload-induced osteoporosis. This study set out to investigate the therapeutic effects of QUE against iron overload-induced bone loss and its potential molecular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro, MC3T3-E1 cells were used to study the effects of QUE on osteogenic differentiation, anti-apoptosis and anti-oxidative stress damage in an iron overload environment (FAC 200 μM). In vivo, we constructed an iron overload mouse model by injecting iron dextrose intraperitoneally and assessed the osteoprotective effects of QUE by Micro-CT and histological analysis. KEY FINDINGS In vitro, we found that QUE increased the ALP activity of MC3T3-E1 cells in iron overload environment, promoted the formation of bone mineralized nodules and upregulated the expression of Runx2 and Osterix. In addition, QUE was able to reduce FAC-induced apoptosis and ROS production, down-regulated the expression of Caspase3 and Bax, and up-regulated the expression of Bcl-2. In further studies, we found that QUE activated the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and attenuated FAC-induced oxidative stress damage. The results of the in vivo study showed that QUE was able to reduce iron deposition induced by iron dextrose and attenuate bone loss. SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggested that QUE protects against iron overload-induced osteoporosis by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacong Xiao
- 1st School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Gangyu Zhang
- 1st School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Bohao Chen
- 1st School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Qi He
- 1st School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Jiale Mai
- 1st School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Weijian Chen
- 1st School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Zhaofeng Pan
- 1st School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Junzheng Yang
- 1st School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Jianliang Li
- 1st School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Yanhuai Ma
- 1st School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Ting Wang
- 1st School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Haibin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, PR China.
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21
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Liu J, Chen Y, Lu X, Xu X, Bulloch G, Zhu S, Zhu Z, Ge Z, Wang W, Shang X, He M. The Association between Dietary Iron Intake and Incidence of Dementia in Adults Aged 60 Years or over in the UK Biobank. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020260. [PMID: 36678132 PMCID: PMC9865143 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have investigated the association between dietary iron intake and cognitive impairment, but little is known about the relationship between iron intake and dementia incidence. Objectives This study explored the association between dietary iron intake and incident dementia in males and females. Whether this association was modified by factors such as age and medical diseases was also examined. Methods We included 41,213 males and 48,892 females aged 60 years or over, from the UK-Biobank cohort. Dietary iron intake was measured using a web-based 24-h dietary recall questionnaire from between 2009 and 2012. Incident dementia was ascertained using hospital inpatient records and death registers until April 2021. Cox proportional regression models examined the association between iron intake and incident dementia, and hazard ratio curves were constructed with knots from the analysis indicating insufficient or excessive iron intake. Results During a mean follow-up of 11.8 years, 560 males and 492 females developed dementia. A non-linear relationship between iron intake and incident dementia was observed in both males and females. The lowest incidence rates were observed in the higher iron intake quintile (Q4: ≥15.73, <17.57 mg/day) for males, and the intermediate iron intake quintile (Q3: ≥12.4, <13.71 mg/day) for females. Among those aged 60 and above, all-cause dementia in males was associated with deficient iron intake (Q1 versus Q4: Hazard ratio [HR]: 1.37, 95% Confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.01−1.86, p = 0.042) and excessive iron intake (Q5 versus Q4: HR: 1.49, 95%CI: 1.14−1.96, p = 0.003), whilst significant associations between all-cause dementia and deficient iron intake were only observed in females without hypertension. Smoking status was a significant moderator (p-value for trend = 0.017) for dementia in males only. Conclusions Excessive iron intake (≥17.57 mg/day) is associated with a higher incidence of all-cause dementia in males and smoking status modified this association amongst males. Deficient iron intake (<10.93 mg/day) was associated with a higher incidence of all-cause dementia in females without a history of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Liu
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Yutong Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Xi Lu
- Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Xiaojing Xu
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Gabriella Bulloch
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Susan Zhu
- Austin Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Zhuoting Zhu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Zongyuan Ge
- Monash e-Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Airdoc Research, Nvidia AI Technology Research Center, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xianwen Shang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Mingguang He
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Correspondence:
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22
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Peng P, Xiao F, Gao S, Fang W, Lin T, He W, Wei Q. Association between serum ferritin and bone mineral density in US adults. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:494. [DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03357-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The association between serum ferritin and bone mineral density (BMD) is still controversial. This study aims to investigate the association of serum ferritin level with BMD in US adults.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study consisting of 8445 participants from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Serum ferritin and lumbar spine BMD were used as independent variables and dependent variables, respectively. We evaluated the association between serum ferritin and lumbar spine BMD through a weighted multivariable linear regression model. Subgroup and interaction analysis was also performed in this study.
Results
After adjusting for other confounding factors, serum ferritin was negatively correlated with lumbar spine BMD [β = − 0.090, 95% CI (− 0.135, − 0.045)]. Further subgroup analysis found that the strongest negative association mainly exists in females aged over 45 years [β = − 0.169, 95% CI (− 0.259, − 0.079)], and this association is not significant in other groups.
Conclusions
The results found that the association between serum ferritin and lumber spine BMD differed by gender and age. Increased level of serum ferritin may indicate a higher risk of osteoporosis or osteopenia in females aged over 45 years.
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23
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Sze SCW, Zhang L, Zhang S, Lin K, Ng TB, Ng ML, Lee KF, Lam JKW, Zhang Z, Yung KKL. Aberrant Transferrin and Ferritin Upregulation Elicits Iron Accumulation and Oxidative Inflammaging Causing Ferroptosis and Undermines Estradiol Biosynthesis in Aging Rat Ovaries by Upregulating NF-Κb-Activated Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase: First Demonstration of an Intricate Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012689. [PMID: 36293552 PMCID: PMC9604315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We report herein a novel mechanism, unraveled by proteomics and validated by in vitro and in vivo studies, of the aberrant aging-associated upregulation of ovarian transferrin and ferritin in rat ovaries. The ovarian mass and serum estradiol titer plummeted while the ovarian labile ferrous iron and total iron levels escalated with age in rats. Oxidative stress markers, such as nitrite/nitrate, 3-nitrotyrosine, and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, accumulated in the aging ovaries due to an aberrant upregulation of the ovarian transferrin, ferritin light/heavy chains, and iron regulatory protein 2(IRP2)-mediated transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1). Ferritin inhibited estradiol biosynthesis in ovarian granulosa cells in vitro via the upregulation of a nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and p65/p50-induced oxidative and inflammatory factor inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). An in vivo study demonstrated how the age-associated activation of NF-κB induced the upregulation of iNOS and the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). The downregulation of the keap1-mediated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), that induced a decrease in glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), was observed. The aberrant transferrin and ferritin upregulation triggered an iron accumulation via the upregulation of an IRP2-induced TfR1. This culminates in NF-κB-iNOS-mediated ovarian oxi-inflamm-aging and serum estradiol decrement in naturally aging rats. The iron accumulation and the effect on ferroptosis-related proteins including the GPX4, TfR1, Nrf2, Keap1, and ferritin heavy chain, as in testicular ferroptosis, indicated the triggering of ferroptosis. In young rats, an intraovarian injection of an adenovirus, which expressed iron regulatory proteins, upregulated the ovarian NF-κB/iNOS and downregulated the GPX4. These novel findings have contributed to a prompt translational research on the ovarian aging-associated iron metabolism and aging-associated ovarian diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Cho Wing Sze
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Correspondence: (S.C.W.S.); (K.K.L.Y.); Tel.: +852-34112318 (S.C.W.S.); Tel.: +852-34117060 (K.K.L.Y.)
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Shiqing Zhang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 999077, China
| | - Kaili Lin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 999077, China
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Man Ling Ng
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Kai-Fai Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, HKU, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Jenny Ka Wing Lam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, HKU, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Ken Kin Lam Yung
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Correspondence: (S.C.W.S.); (K.K.L.Y.); Tel.: +852-34112318 (S.C.W.S.); Tel.: +852-34117060 (K.K.L.Y.)
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24
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Luo C, Xu W, Tang X, Liu X, Cheng Y, Wu Y, Xie Z, Wu X, He X, Wang Q, Xiao Y, Qiu X, Tang Z, Shao G, Tu X. Canonical Wnt signaling works downstream of iron overload to prevent ferroptosis from damaging osteoblast differentiation. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:337-350. [PMID: 35752374 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Excessive iron has emerged in a large population of patients suffering from degenerative or hematological diseases with a common outcome, osteoporosis. However, its underlying mechanism remains to be clarified in order to formulate effective prevention and intervention against the loss of bone-forming osteoblasts. We show herein that increased intracellular iron by ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) mimicking the so-called non-transferrin bound iron concentrations leads to ferroptosis and impaired osteoblast differentiation. FAC upregulates the expression of Trfr and DMT1 genes to increase iron uptake, accumulating intracellular labile ferrous iron for iron overload status. Then, the excessive ferrous iron generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation products (LPO), causing ferroptosis with its typical mitochondrial morphological changes, such as shrinkaged and condensed membrane with diminution and loss of crista and outer membrane rupture. We further examined that ferroptosis is the main cause responsible for FAC-disrupted osteoblast differentiation, although apoptosis and senescence are concurrently induced as well. Mechanistically, we revealed that iron dose-dependently down-regulates the expression of Wnt target genes and inhibits the transcription of Wnt reporter TopFlash construct, so as to inhibit the canonical Wnt signaling. Wnt agonist, ferroptosis inhibitor, or antioxidant melatonin reverses iron-inhibited canonical Wnt signaling to restore osteoblast differentiation by reducing ROS and LPO production to prevent ferroptosis notably without reducing iron overload. This study proposes a working model against excessive iron-induced osteoporosis: iron chelator deferoxamine or the above three drugs prevent ferroptosis, restore traditional Wnt signaling to maintain osteoblast differentiation no matter whether iron overload is removed or not. Additionally, iron chelator should be used to a suitable extent because iron itself is necessary for osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Luo
- Laboratory of Skeletal Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- Laboratory of Skeletal Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xun Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Laboratory of Skeletal Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Department of Nursing, University-Town Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yixun Wu
- Laboratory of Skeletal Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhengsong Xie
- Laboratory of Skeletal Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- Laboratory of Skeletal Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xin He
- Laboratory of Skeletal Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xueting Qiu
- School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhurong Tang
- Laboratory of Skeletal Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Gaohai Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China.
| | - Xiaolin Tu
- Laboratory of Skeletal Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Orthopedics, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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25
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Qu Y, Li N, Xu M, Zhang D, Xie J, Wang J. Estrogen Up-Regulates Iron Transporters and Iron Storage Protein Through Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 Alpha Activation Mediated by Estrogen Receptor β and G Protein Estrogen Receptor in BV2 Microglia Cells. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3659-3669. [PMID: 35829942 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03658-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen is a steroid hormone produced mainly by the ovaries. It has been found that estrogen could regulate iron metabolism in neurons and astrocytes in different ways. The role of estrogen on iron metabolism in microglia is currently unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect and mechanism of 17β-estrogen (E2) on iron transport proteins. We found that following E2 treatment for 24h in BV2 microglial cell lines, the iron importer divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and iron exporter ferroportin 1 (FPN1) were up-regulated , iron storage protein ferritin (FT) was increased. The protein levels of iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) and hepcidin remained unchanged, but hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) was up-regulated. Two kinds of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) antagonist G15 and G protein estrogen receptor (GPER) antagonist PHTPPcould block the effects of E2 in BV2 microglial cell lines. These results suggest that estrogen could increase the protein expressions of DMT1, FPN1, FT-L and FT-H in BV2 microglia cells, which were not related to the regulation of IRP1 and hepcidin, but to the upregulation of HIF-1α. In addition, estrogen might regulate the expressions of iron-related proteins through both ER β and GPER in BV2 microglia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Manman Xu
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Danyang Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Junxia Xie
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Blanco Muñoz J, Lope V, Fernández de Larrea-Baz N, Gómez-Ariza JL, Dierssen-Sotos T, Fernández-Tardón G, Aragonés N, Amiano P, Gómez-Acebo I, Tardón A, Grau-Pérez M, García-Barrera T, Kogevinas M, Pollán M, Pérez-Gómez B. Levels and determinants of urinary cadmium in general population in Spain: Metal-MCC-Spain study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 210:112959. [PMID: 35189102 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium is a ubiquitous and persistent metal, associated with different harmful health effects and with increased morbidity and mortality. Understanding the main sources of exposure is essential to identify at risk populations and to design public health interventions. OBJECTIVE To evaluate cadmium exposure in a random-sample of general adult population from three regions of Spain, assessed by the urinary cadmium (U-Cd) concentration, and to identify its potential determinants and sex-specific differences, including sociodemographic, lifestyle and dietary factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured U-Cd (μg/g creatinine) in single urine spot samples from 1282 controls enrolled in the multicase-control study in common tumors in Spain (MCC-Spain) with inductively coupling plasma-mass spectrometry equipped with an octopole reaction systems (ICP-ORS-MS). The association between sociodemographic, lifestyle, and dietary characteristics and U-Cd concentrations was evaluated using geometric mean ratios (GMR) estimated by multiple log-linear regression models. RESULTS Overall, geometric mean U-Cd concentration was 0.40 (95%CI: 0.38, 0.41) μg/g creatinine. Levels were higher in women than in men (GMR]: 1.19; 95%CI: 1.07, 1.32), and increased with age in males (ptrend< 0.001). Cigarette smoking was clearly associated to U-Cd levels (GMRformer vs non-smokers: 1.16; 95%CI: 1.05, 1.29; GMRcurrent vs non-smokers: 1.42; 95%CI: 1.26, 1.60); the relationship with secondhand tobacco exposure in non-smokers, was restricted to women (pinteraction = 0.02). Sampling season and region also seemed to influence U-Cd concentrations, with lower levels in summer (GMRsummer vs average: 0.79; 95%CI: 0.71, 0.88), and higher levels in North-Spain Asturias (GMRAsturias vs average: 1.13; 95%CI: 1.04, 1.23). Regarding diet, higher U-Cd concentration was associated with eggs consumption only in men (pinteraction = 0.04), just as rice intake was associated in women (pinteraction = 0.03). CONCLUSION These results confirmed that tobacco exposure is the main modifiable predictor of U-Cd concentrations, and remark that the role of dietary/sociodemographic factors on U-Cd levels may differ by sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Blanco Muñoz
- Department of Environmental Health. Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Virginia Lope
- Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av/Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Av/Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nerea Fernández de Larrea-Baz
- Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av/Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Av/Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Gómez-Ariza
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus El Carmen, University of Huelva. Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, Campus El Carmen, University of Huelva, Av. del Tres de Marzo, 3, 21007, Huelva, Spain
| | - Trinidad Dierssen-Sotos
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Av/Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Cantabria - IDIVAL, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Guillermo Fernández-Tardón
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Av/Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA)/University of Oviedo, 03301, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Nuria Aragonés
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Av/Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Epidemiology Section, Public Health Division, Department of Health of Madrid, Madrid, Spain. C/San Martín de Porres, 6, 28035, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Av/Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Sub-Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, 20013, San Sebastian, Spain; Epidemiology and Public Health Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Inés Gómez-Acebo
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Av/Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Cantabria - IDIVAL, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Adonina Tardón
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Av/Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA)/University of Oviedo, 03301, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Grau-Pérez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/ IdiPAZ, 28049, Madrid, Spain; Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Unit, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Tamara García-Barrera
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus El Carmen, University of Huelva. Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, Campus El Carmen, University of Huelva, Av. del Tres de Marzo, 3, 21007, Huelva, Spain
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Av/Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona (ISGlobal), 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Pollán
- Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av/Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Av/Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Gómez
- Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av/Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Av/Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
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Perzia BM, Ying GS, Dunaief JL, Dunaief DM. Reduction in Ferritin Concentrations among Patients Consuming a Dark-Green Leafy Vegetable-Rich, Low Inflammatory Foods Everyday (LIFE) Diet. Curr Dev Nutr 2022; 6:nzac095. [PMID: 35769450 PMCID: PMC9233618 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzac095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ferritin is an iron-containing protein and acute-phase reactant, which may be elevated due to systemic iron overload or inflammation. Various diseases are associated with excess iron, but therapeutic iron chelation is suboptimal. Prior studies suggest that several plant phytochemicals possess iron-chelating properties, indicating that a plant-based diet may benefit patients with iron overload. Objectives The aim was to investigate whether patients who consume a nutrient-dense, dark-green leafy vegetable-rich diet, called the Low Inflammatory Foods Everyday (LIFE) diet, experience reductions in ferritin concentrations. Methods This was a retrospective study in which patients were intensively counseled to follow the LIFE diet. Compliance was assessed by patient interviews and serum B-carotene measurements. Primary outcomes included changes in ferritin, B-carotene, and C-reactive protein (CRP). Patients with elevated CRP concentrations at baseline were excluded in order to separate the impact of inflammation from iron overload on ferritin concentrations. Premenopausal women, who lose iron from menstruation, were also excluded. Results Thirty-two patients met the inclusion criteria. The median follow-up was 183 d. Following the dietary intervention, ferritin decreased (-81 μg/L, P = 0.006) and B-carotene increased (46 μg/L, P < 0.0001), whereas CRP remained unchanged (-0.02 mg/L, P = 0.86). Adherent patients had greater reductions in ferritin compared with nonadherent patients (-138 μg/L vs. 15 μg/L, P = 0.001). Among all patients, there was an inverse relation between B-carotene and ferritin (-2.02, P = 0.03). Conclusions The LIFE diet, or similar dark-green leafy vegetable-rich, whole-food plant-based diets, may benefit patients with disorders of iron overload and iron-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gui-Shuang Ying
- Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joshua L Dunaief
- Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Association of Serum Ferritin With Marrow Iron Concentration Using a Three-Dimension Fat Analysis & Calculation Technique Sequence in Postmenopausal Women. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2022; 46:464-469. [PMID: 35405711 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000001296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine whether serum iron and ferritin levels are determinants of iron accumulation in bone marrow using a three-dimension Fat Analysis & Calculation Technique (FACT) sequence. METHODS We measured spinal marrow R2* using a 3T FACT sequence in 112 postmenopausal women (mean age, 62.6 years; range, 50-82.6 years). Serum iron and ferritin levels were determined in blood specimens. Lumbar spine bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. The levels of serum iron and ferritin were evaluated in relation to the spinal marrow R2* values before and after adjustments for potential confounders. RESULTS In the unadjusted model, magnetic resonance imaging-based spinal marrow R2* was positively correlated to the levels of serum ferritin (Spearman ρ = 0.436, P < 0.001) and iron (Spearman ρ = 0.245, P = 0.009). Multiple stepwise linear regression analyses (adjusting for age, years since menopause, body mass index, alcohol intake, tobacco use, physical activity, serum lipids profile, biomarkers of bone turnover, and lumbar spine bone density) were performed in 3 separate models with marrow R2* values as potential explanatory variables. The level of serum ferritin, but not iron, was an independent predictor of marrow R2* (standardized β coefficient, 0.302, 95% confidence interval, 0.141-0.509, P = 0.001). Similarly, spinal marrow R2* increased with a linear trend from the lowest (<139 ng/mL) to highest (≥180 ng/mL) serum ferritin quartiles (P for trend = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Quantitative assessment of R2* derived from FACT is a fast, simple, noninvasive, and nonionizing method to evaluate marrow iron accumulation.
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Fehsel K, Christl J. Comorbidity of osteoporosis and Alzheimer's disease: Is `AKT `-ing on cellular glucose uptake the missing link? Ageing Res Rev 2022; 76:101592. [PMID: 35192961 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are both degenerative diseases. Osteoporosis often proceeds cognitive deficits, and multiple studies have revealed common triggers that lead to energy deficits in brain and bone. Risk factors for osteoporosis and AD, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, aging, chemotherapy, vitamin deficiency, alcohol abuse, and apolipoprotein Eε4 and/or Il-6 gene variants, reduce cellular glucose uptake, and protective factors, such as estrogen, insulin, exercise, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, hydrogen sulfide, and most phytochemicals, increase uptake. Glucose uptake is a fine-tuned process that depends on an abundance of glucose transporters (Gluts) on the cell surface. Gluts are stored in vesicles under the plasma membrane, and protective factors cause these vesicles to fuse with the membrane, resulting in presentation of Gluts on the cell surface. This translocation depends mainly on AKT kinase signaling and can be affected by a range of factors. Reduced AKT kinase signaling results in intracellular glucose deprivation, which causes endoplasmic reticulum stress and iron depletion, leading to activation of HIF-1α, the transcription factor necessary for higher Glut expression. The link between diseases and aging is a topic of growing interest. Here, we show that diseases that affect the same biochemical pathways tend to co-occur, which may explain why osteoporosis and/or diabetes are often associated with AD.
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Pourzand C, Albieri-Borges A, Raczek NN. Shedding a New Light on Skin Aging, Iron- and Redox-Homeostasis and Emerging Natural Antioxidants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:471. [PMID: 35326121 PMCID: PMC8944509 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are necessary for normal cell signaling and the antimicrobial defense of the skin. However excess production of ROS can disrupt the cellular redox balance and overwhelm the cellular antioxidant (AO) capacity, leading to oxidative stress. In the skin, oxidative stress plays a key role in driving both extrinsic and intrinsic aging. Sunlight exposure has also been a major contributor to extrinsic photoaging of the skin as its oxidising components disrupt both redox- and iron-homeostasis, promoting oxidative damage to skin cells and tissue constituents. Upon oxidative insults, the interplay between excess accumulation of ROS and redox-active labile iron (LI) and its detrimental consequences to the skin are often overlooked. In this review we have revisited the oxidative mechanisms underlying skin damage and aging by focussing on the concerted action of ROS and redox-active LI in the initiation and progression of intrinsic and extrinsic skin aging processes. Based on these, we propose to redefine the selection criteria for skin antiaging and photoprotective ingredients to include natural antioxidants (AOs) exhibiting robust redox-balancing and/or iron-chelating properties. This would promote the concept of natural-based or bio-inspired bifunctional anti-aging and photoprotective ingredients for skincare and sunscreen formulations with both AO and iron-chelating properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charareh Pourzand
- Medicines Design, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
- Medicines Development, Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Andrea Albieri-Borges
- Research and Development, ASEA LLC., Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USA; (A.A.-B.); (N.N.R.)
| | - Nico N. Raczek
- Research and Development, ASEA LLC., Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USA; (A.A.-B.); (N.N.R.)
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Matta RA, AbdElftah ME, Essawy MG, Saedii AA. Interplay of serum hepcidin with female sex hormones, metabolic syndrome, and abdominal fat distribution among premenopausal and postmenopausal women. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43162-022-00098-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and purpose
Hepcidin is the central regulatory molecule of systemic iron homeostasis. Serum ferritin, insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MetS), female sex hormones, and abdominal fat distribution are related to each other and all are linked to menopausal state. Our study was the first to assess the impact of these parameters on hepcidin level among premenopausal women (group I) during the early follicular phase (group I-F) and mid-luteal-phase (group I-L) of the same reproductive cycle and among postmenopausal women (group II). Serum iron parameters, estrogen, progesterone and hepcidin, and plasma insulin were assessed. Abdominal subcutaneous fat (SCF) and peritoneal visceral fat (PVF) thickness were measured by unenhanced- CT. Group I and group II were divided into MetS and non-MetS subgroups.
Results
The entire group II and MetS-stratified subgroups had significant higher hepcidin level than corresponding group I-F and group I-L. Group I-L had significant higher hepcidin than group I-F. Among group I-F, group I-L, and group II, MetS subgroups had higher hepcidin but not hepcidin/ ferritin ratio (H/F) than corresponding non-MetS; and hepcidin had positive correlations with ferritin, insulin, IR, and SCF. In group I-F and group II, hepcidin had positive correlations with estrogen and progesterone; hepcidin levels increase significantly and linearly with increasing number of MetS features; and cut off values of hepcidin for prediction of MetS were 5.8 ≥ and ≥ 10.3 ng/ml respectively. Main contributors to hepcidin were iron and ferritin in all groups, SCF and progesterone in group I-F, and insulin, progesterone, and MetS in group II. H/F ratio was higher in group II.
Conclusion
Postmenopausal state (postMS), MetS, and luteal phase are independently associated with high hepcidin level. Serum iron parameters (iron and ferritin) as main regulators of hepcidin are preserved regardless of menopausal state. Its regulation differs based on menopausal state: IR, MetS, and progesterone in postMS meanwhile abdominal SCF and progesterone in premenopausal states. Despite positive associations of estrogen and progesterone with hepcidin, they do not explain its higher level in postMS. Hepcidin levels linearly increase with number of Mets feature and it had high sensitivity for diagnosis of MetS.
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Costa SA, Ribeiro CCC, Moreira ARO, Carvalho Souza SDF. High serum iron markers are associated with periodontitis in post-menopausal women: A population-based study (NHANES III). J Clin Periodontol 2021; 49:221-229. [PMID: 34879443 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association between increased serum markers of iron (ferritin and transferrin saturation) and the severity and extent of periodontitis in post-menopausal (PM) women. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from 982 PM women participating in NHANES III were analysed. Exposures were high ferritin (≥300 μg/ml) and transferrin saturation (≥45%). The primary outcome was moderate/severe periodontitis defined according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Periodontology. The extent of periodontitis was also assessed as outcome: proportion of sites affected by clinical attachment loss ≥4 mm and probing depth ≥4 mm. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) and mean ratio (MR) were estimated using Poisson regression. RESULTS The prevalence of moderate/severe periodontitis was 27.56%. High ferritin was associated with moderate/severe periodontitis in the crude (PR 1.55, p = .018) and in the final adjusted model (PR 1.53, p = .008). High ferritin and transferrin saturation levels were associated with a higher proportion of sites with clinical attachment loss ≥4 mm (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS The increasing serum iron markers seem to contribute to periodontitis severity and extent in PM women.
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Faramarzi M, Shirmohammadi A, Khorramdel A, Sadighi M, Bargahi E. Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on serum ferritin levels in postmenopausal women with chronic periodontitis. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2021; 15:178-182. [PMID: 34712408 PMCID: PMC8538142 DOI: 10.34172/joddd.2021.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Ferritin is a positive acute phase protein (APP) in inflammation and chronic infections, including chronic periodontitis. Two key factors that can regulate ferritin expression are iron and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Serum ferritin levels increase after menopause, affecting women’s health. This study aimed to evaluate serum ferritin levels in postmenopausal women upon undertaking non-surgical periodontal treatment.
Methods. In this cross-sectional study, blood samples of 38 postmenopausal women with chronic periodontitis were collected before any treatment. The serum ferritin levels and periodontal parameters, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival index (GI) were recorded at baseline and three months after non-surgical periodontal therapy. Wilcoxon test was used to compare serum ferritin levels before and after treatment. T-test was used for comparison of periodontal parameters, with a P value of ≤0.05 considered significant.
Results. A decrease was observed in the serum ferritin level (from 108.55 mcg/L to 98.28 mcg/L) after treatment compared to baseline (P < 0.001). Also, significant improvements in periodontal parameters were observed compared to the baseline (P < 0.001).
Conclusion. Based on the results, it can be concluded that non-surgical periodontal treatment significantly reduces serum ferritin levels in postmenopausal women with chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Faramarzi
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Adileh Shirmohammadi
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Azin Khorramdel
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Sadighi
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
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Liu LL, Liu GW, Liu H, Zhao K, Xu YJ. Iron accumulation deteriorated bone loss in estrogen-deficient rats. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:525. [PMID: 34429140 PMCID: PMC8383398 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02663-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Postmenopausal osteoporosis is characterized by an imbalance of bone resorption exceeding bone formation, resulting in a net loss of bone mass. Whether a menopause-related excess of iron contributes to the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis has remained unresolved due to a lack of an appropriate animal model. This study aimed to explore the effects of iron accumulation in bone mass in estrogen-deficient rats. Methods In the present study, ovariectomy (OVX) was performed in female rats and the changes of iron metabolism and some related modulated genes were detected. Ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) was used as a donor of iron for OVX rats. Moreover, micro-CT was performed to assess the bone microarchitecture in sham group, OVX, and FAC groups. Histological detection of iron in liver was assessed by Perl’s staining. The expressions of β-CTX and osteocalcin were assessed by ELISA. Results It was found that serum iron decreased after OVX. It was found that the expressions of Hepcidin in liver and Fpn, DMT-1 in duodenum significantly decreased at transcriptional level in OVX group than sham group. However, no difference existed in the expression of DMT-1. Then, ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) was used as a donor of iron for OVX rats. The FAC group manifested significant iron accumulation by increased serum iron and hepatic iron content. In addition, FAC treatment accelerated bone loss and decreased BMD and biomechanics in OVX rats. Moreover, bone biomarker β-CTX rather than osteocalcin increased significantly in FAC groups than OVX group. Conclusions In conclusion, no iron accumulation occurred in OVX rats. Furthermore, iron accumulation could further deteriorate osteopenia through enhanced bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gong-Wen Liu
- Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Ganxian District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Ganzhou City, Ganzhou, 341100, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - You-Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China.
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ÖZÇELİK F, KARAMAN Ç, TANOĞLU A, DAŞTAN Aİ, ÖZÇELİK İK. The relationship between nutritional status, anthropometric measurements and hemogram parameters in preobese and obese women before and after menopause. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.942999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Ying JF, Lu ZB, Fu LQ, Tong Y, Wang Z, Li WF, Mou XZ. The role of iron homeostasis and iron-mediated ROS in cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:1895-1912. [PMID: 34094660 PMCID: PMC8167679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
As an important trace element, iron plays an essential role in many biology processes like cell proliferation, metabolism, and mitochondrial function. However, the disruption of iron homeostasis tends to cells death and human diseases due to it servers as mediator to promote the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this review, first we introduced the mechanism of complex iron-mediated ROS involved in apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis and pyroptosis. Next, we discussed the controversial role of excess iron and iron deficiency in tumor. Finally, we discussed the anti-cancer effects of iron on both sides, and novel iron-related strategies. This review outlined the mechanisms and regulation of iron homeostasis and iron-mediated ROS in tumors, and discussed the iron-related treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Fu Ying
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of The Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Bei Lu
- Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Luo-Qin Fu
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Yu Tong
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Fen Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of The Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Zhou Mou
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
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The association between the metabolic syndrome and iron status in pre- and postmenopausal women: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) in 2012. Br J Nutr 2021; 127:630-640. [PMID: 33899716 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521001331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We aim to determine the association between Fe status and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) during menopause. Records of 1069 premenopausal and 703 postmenopausal Korean women were retrieved from the database of the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V 2012) and analysed. The association between the MetS and Fe status was performed using multivariable-adjusted analyses, subsequently develop a prediction model for the MetS by margin effects. We found that the risk of Fe depletion among postmenopausal women was lower than premenopausal women (PR = 0·813, 95 % CI 0·668, 0·998, P = 0·038). The risk of the MetS was 2·562-fold lower among premenopausal women with than without Fe depletion (PR = 0·390, 95 % CI 0·266, 0·571, P < 0·001). In contrast, the risk of the MetS tended to be higher among postmenopausal women with than without Fe depletion (PR = 1·849, 95 % CI 1·406, 2·432, P < 0·001). When the serum ferritin levels increased, the risk of the MetS increased in both premenopausal women and postmenopausal women. The margin effects showed that an increase in serum Hb and ferritin was associated with an increase in the risk of the MetS according to menopausal status and age group. Therefore, ferritin is the most validated and widely used Fe marker, could be a potential clinical value in predicting and monitoring the MetS during menopause. Further prospective or longitudinal studies, especially, clinically related studies on menopause and Fe status, are needed to clarify the causality between serum ferritin levels and the MetS that could offer novel treatments for the MetS.
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Alfaro-Magallanes VM, Benito PJ, Rael B, Barba-Moreno L, Romero-Parra N, Cupeiro R, Swinkels DW, Laarakkers CM, Peinado AB. Menopause Delays the Typical Recovery of Pre-Exercise Hepcidin Levels after High-Intensity Interval Running Exercise in Endurance-Trained Women. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123866. [PMID: 33348847 PMCID: PMC7766833 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Menopause commonly presents the gradual accumulation of iron in the body over the years, which is a risk factor for diseases such as cancer, osteoporosis, or cardiovascular diseases. Running exercise is known to acutely increase hepcidin levels, which reduces iron absorption and recycling. As this fact has not been studied in postmenopausal women, this study investigated the hepcidin response to running exercise in this population. Thirteen endurance-trained postmenopausal women (age: 51.5 ± 3.89 years; height: 161.8 ± 4.9 cm; body mass: 55.9 ± 3.6 kg; body fat: 24.7 ± 4.2%; peak oxygen consumption: 42.4 ± 4.0 mL·min-1·kg-1) performed a high-intensity interval running protocol, which consisted of 8 × 3 min bouts at 85% of the maximal aerobic speed with 90-second recovery. Blood samples were collected pre-exercise, 0, 3, and 24 hours post-exercise. As expected, hepcidin exhibited higher values at 3 hours post-exercise (3.69 ± 3.38 nmol/L), but also at 24 hours post-exercise (3.25 ± 3.61 nmol/L), in comparison with pre-exercise (1.77 ± 1.74 nmol/L; p = 0.023 and p = 0.020, respectively) and 0 hour post-exercise (2.05 ± 2.00 nmol/L; p = 0.021 and p = 0.032, respectively) concentrations. These differences were preceded by a significant increment of interleukin-6 at 0 hour post-exercise (3.41 ± 1.60 pg/mL) compared to pre-exercise (1.65 ± 0.48 pg/m, p = 0.003), 3 hours (1.50 ± 0.00 pg/mL, p = 0.002) and 24 hours post-exercise (1.52 ± 0.07 pg/mL, p = 0.001). Hepcidin peaked at 3 hours post-exercise as the literature described for premenopausal women but does not seem to be fully recovered to pre-exercise levels within 24 hours post-exercise, as it would be expected. This suggests a slower recovery of basal hepcidin levels in postmenopausal women, suggesting interesting applications in order to modify iron homeostasis as appropriate, such as the prevention of iron accumulation or proper timing of iron supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M. Alfaro-Magallanes
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (B.R.); (L.B.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (R.C.); (A.B.P.)
| | - Pedro J. Benito
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (B.R.); (L.B.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (R.C.); (A.B.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-910-677-866
| | - Beatriz Rael
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (B.R.); (L.B.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (R.C.); (A.B.P.)
| | - Laura Barba-Moreno
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (B.R.); (L.B.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (R.C.); (A.B.P.)
| | - Nuria Romero-Parra
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (B.R.); (L.B.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (R.C.); (A.B.P.)
| | - Rocío Cupeiro
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (B.R.); (L.B.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (R.C.); (A.B.P.)
| | - Dorine W. Swinkels
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory (TML 830), Medical Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (D.W.S.); (C.M.L.)
- Hepcidinanalysis.com, Geert Grooteplein 10 (830), 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Coby M. Laarakkers
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory (TML 830), Medical Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (D.W.S.); (C.M.L.)
- Hepcidinanalysis.com, Geert Grooteplein 10 (830), 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ana B. Peinado
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (B.R.); (L.B.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (R.C.); (A.B.P.)
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Mintz J, Mirza J, Young E, Bauckman K. Iron Therapeutics in Women's Health: Past, Present, and Future. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E449. [PMID: 33302392 PMCID: PMC7762600 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron plays a unique physiological role in the maintenance of homeostasis and the pathological outcomes of the female reproductive tract. The dual nature of elemental iron has created an evolutionary need to tightly regulate its biological concentration. The female reproductive tract is particularly unique due to the constant cycle of endometrial growth and shedding, in addition to the potential need for iron transfer to a developing fetus. Here, iron regulation is explored in a number of physiologic states including the endometrial lining and placenta. While iron dysregulation is a common characteristic in many women's health pathologies there is currently a lack of targeted therapeutic options. Traditional iron therapies, including iron replacement and chelation, are common treatment options for gynecological diseases but pose long term negative health consequences; therefore, more targeted interventions directed towards iron regulation have been proposed. Recent findings show potential benefits in a therapeutic focus on ferritin-hepcidin regulation, modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and iron mediated cell death (ferroptosis). These novel therapeutics are the direct result of previous research in iron's complex signaling pathway and show promise for improved therapy, diagnosis, and prognosis in women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kyle Bauckman
- Department of Academic Affairs, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL 33314, USA; (J.M.); (J.M.); (E.Y.)
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Kwon HK, Kim JM, Shin SC, Sung ES, Kim HS, Park GC, Cheon YI, Lee JC, Lee BJ. The mechanism of submandibular gland dysfunction after menopause may be associated with the ferroptosis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:21376-21390. [PMID: 33159020 PMCID: PMC7695378 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Salivary gland dysfunction is a common symptom that occurs after menopause. This study was performed to investigate the mechanism of salivary gland dysfunction to confirm the relationship between ferroptosis and salivary gland dysfunction by ovariectomy. Forty-eight female rats were randomly divided into four groups (12 rats in each group). Histology, real time PCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, cytosolic iron assay, and salivary function were analyzed. Human salivary gland tissue analysis was also done. Lipogenesis and lipid deposition in the submandibular gland tissue occurred after ovariectomy. ROS generation, MDA+HAE was increased and GPX4 activity was decreased and in the OVX group compared to the CON group. Iron deposition in the submandibular gland tissue was increased in the OVX group. Submandibular gland fibrosis was increased and saliva secretion was decreased in the OVX group. In human submandibular gland analysis, lipid and iron deposition was also increased in the postmenopause group. This is the first in vivo study in which salivary gland dysfunction is associated with the ferroptosis in postmenopausal animal model. Increased lipid and iron deposition in normal submandibular gland tissues of postmenopausal women can suggest that the salivary gland dysfunction after menopause may be associated with the ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Keun Kwon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Pusan National University and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji Min Kim
- Pusan National University Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sung-Chan Shin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Pusan National University and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Eui-Suk Sung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hyung-Sik Kim
- Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Gi Cheol Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Yong-Il Cheon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Pusan National University and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Jin-Choon Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Byung-Joo Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Pusan National University and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
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Díaz-López A, Iglesias-Vázquez L, Pallejà-Millán M, Rey Reñones C, Flores Mateo G, Arija V. Association between Iron Status and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113249. [PMID: 33114064 PMCID: PMC7690731 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes poses a major public health challenge. Here, we conducted a cohort study with a large sample size to determine the association of baseline serum ferritin (SF), a marker of iron status, with incident type 2 diabetes in primary healthcare patients in Catalonia, a western Mediterranean region. A total of 206,115 patients aged 35–75 years without diabetes and with available baseline SF measurements were eligible. The variables analyzed included sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometry, lifestyle, morbidity and iron status (SF, serum iron and hemoglobin). Incident type 2 diabetes during follow-up (2006–2016) was ascertained using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition. Cox proportional-hazards models adjusted for multiple baseline confounders/mediators were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). Over a median follow-up of 8.4 years, 12,371 new cases of type 2 diabetes were diagnosed, representing an incidence rate of 7.5 cases/1000 persons/year. Since at baseline, the median SF concentration was higher in subjects who developed type 2 diabetes (107.0 µg/L vs. 60.3 µg/L; p < 0.001), SF was considered an independent risk predictor for type 2 diabetes; the multivariable-adjusted HRs for incident type 2 diabetes across SF quartiles 1–4 were 1.00 (reference), 0.95 (95% CI = 0.85–1.06), 1.18 (95% CI = 1.65–1.31) and 1.51 (95% CI = 1.36–1.65), respectively. Our study suggested that higher baseline SF was significantly associated with an increased risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes in Catalan primary healthcare users, supporting the relevance of monitoring iron stores in order to improve the diagnosis and management of diabetes in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Díaz-López
- Medicine and Health Sciences Faculty, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43201 Reus, Spain; (A.D.-L.); (L.I.-V.)
- Institute of Health Research Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Research in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Iglesias-Vázquez
- Medicine and Health Sciences Faculty, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43201 Reus, Spain; (A.D.-L.); (L.I.-V.)
- Institute of Health Research Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain
- Research Group in Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM), URV, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Meritxell Pallejà-Millán
- Unit of Research Support Reus-Tarragona, Jordi Gol University Institute for Primary Care Research (IDIAP), 43202 Tarragona, Spain; (M.P.-M.); (C.R.R.); (G.F.M.)
| | - Cristina Rey Reñones
- Unit of Research Support Reus-Tarragona, Jordi Gol University Institute for Primary Care Research (IDIAP), 43202 Tarragona, Spain; (M.P.-M.); (C.R.R.); (G.F.M.)
| | - Gemma Flores Mateo
- Unit of Research Support Reus-Tarragona, Jordi Gol University Institute for Primary Care Research (IDIAP), 43202 Tarragona, Spain; (M.P.-M.); (C.R.R.); (G.F.M.)
| | - Victoria Arija
- Medicine and Health Sciences Faculty, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43201 Reus, Spain; (A.D.-L.); (L.I.-V.)
- Institute of Health Research Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain
- Research Group in Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM), URV, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Unit of Research Support Reus-Tarragona, Jordi Gol University Institute for Primary Care Research (IDIAP), 43202 Tarragona, Spain; (M.P.-M.); (C.R.R.); (G.F.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-977-75-93-34
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Eshak ES, Muraki I, Imano H, Yamagishi K, Tamakoshi A, Iso H. Manganese intake from foods and beverages is associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. Maturitas 2020; 143:127-131. [PMID: 33308618 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of manganese, only one recent Chinese study has investigated the association between dietary manganese intake and type 2 diabetes. METHODS We recruited 19,862 Japanese men and women in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study. The participants completed a food frequency questionnaire at the baseline survey (1988 = 1990) and a diabetes history at both baseline and 5-year surveys. We calculated the odds ratios (95 % CIs) of the 5-year cumulative incidence of self-reported physician-diagnosed type 2 diabetes according to quartiles of dietary manganese intake. RESULTS Within the 5-year period, we confirmed 530 new cases of type 2 diabetes (263 in men and 267 in women) with a 5-year cumulative incidence of 2.7 % (3.6 % in men and 2.1 % in women). Higher manganese intake was inversely associated with the women's but not the men's cumulative risk of type 2 diabetes over the 5-year period. In a full model adjusted for the participants' characteristics, diabetes risk factors and a wide range of dietary variables, the multivariable odds ratios (95 %CIs) of type 2 diabetes across the increasing quartiles of manganese intake (Q1 to Q4) were 1.00, 0.97 (0.65, 1.43), 1.04 (0.67, 1.61) and 1.10 (0.64, 1.92), p-trend = 0.66 among men and 1.00, 0.74 (0.51, 1.06), 0.62 (0.41, 0.94) and 0.53 (0.31, 0.88), p-trend = 0.01 among women. The association was observed mainly for those with low iron intake in women, particularly premenopausal women. CONCLUSION Strong inverse associations between dietary manganese intake and risk of type 2 diabetes were observed in women but not men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab S Eshak
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita Shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Shalaby land, Minia, 61511, Egypt.
| | - Isao Muraki
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita Shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Hironori Imano
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita Shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Kazumasa Yamagishi
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15 Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita Shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
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Rynkowska A, Stępniak J, Karbownik-Lewińska M. Fenton Reaction-Induced Oxidative Damage to Membrane Lipids and Protective Effects of 17β-Estradiol in Porcine Ovary and Thyroid Homogenates. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186841. [PMID: 32962175 PMCID: PMC7559139 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Fenton reaction (Fe2++H2O2→Fe3++•OH+OH-) results in strong oxidative damage to macromolecules when iron (Fe) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are in excess. This study aims at comparing Fe2++H2O2-induced oxidative damage to membrane lipids (lipid peroxidation, LPO) and protective effects of 17β-estradiol (a potential antioxidant) in porcine ovary and thyroid homogenates. Iron, as one of the Fenton reaction substrates, was used in the highest achievable concentrations. Thyroid or ovary homogenates were incubated in the presence of: (1st) FeSO4+H2O2 with/without 17β-estradiol (1 mM; 100, 10.0, 1.0 µM; 100, 10.0, 1.0 nM; 100, 10.0, 1.0 pM); five experiments were performed with different FeSO4 concentrations (2400, 1200, 600, 300, 150 µM); (2nd) FeSO4 (2400, 1200, 600, 300, 150 µM)+H2O2 with/without 17β-estradiol; three experiments were performed with three highest 17β-estradiol concentrations; (3rd) FeSO4 (2400, 1200, 1100, 1000, 900, 800, 700, 600, 300, 150, 75 µM)+H2O2 (5 mM). LPO level [MDA+4-HDA/mg protein] was measured spectrophotometrically. The basal LPO level is lower in ovary than in thyroid homogenates. However, experimentally-induced LPO was higher in the former tissue, which was confirmed for the three highest Fe2+ concentrations (2400, 1200, 1100 µM). Exogenous 17β-estradiol (1 mM, 100, and 10 µM) reduced experimentally-induced LPO independently of iron concentration and that protective effect did not differ between tissues. The ovary, compared to the thyroid, reveals higher sensitivity to prooxidative effects of iron, however, it showed similar responsivity to protective 17β-estradiol activity. The therapeutic effect of 17β-estradiol against iron overload consequences should be considered with relation to both tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Rynkowska
- Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Łódź, 90-752 Łódź, Poland; (A.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Jan Stępniak
- Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Łódź, 90-752 Łódź, Poland; (A.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Małgorzata Karbownik-Lewińska
- Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Łódź, 90-752 Łódź, Poland; (A.R.); (J.S.)
- Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital—Research Institute, 93-338 Łódź, Poland
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +48-42-639-3121
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Grubić Kezele T, Ćurko-Cofek B. Age-Related Changes and Sex-Related Differences in Brain Iron Metabolism. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2601. [PMID: 32867052 PMCID: PMC7551829 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential element that participates in numerous cellular processes. Any disruption of iron homeostasis leads to either iron deficiency or iron overload, which can be detrimental for humans' health, especially in elderly. Each of these changes contributes to the faster development of many neurological disorders or stimulates progression of already present diseases. Age-related cellular and molecular alterations in iron metabolism can also lead to iron dyshomeostasis and deposition. Iron deposits can contribute to the development of inflammation, abnormal protein aggregation, and degeneration in the central nervous system (CNS), leading to the progressive decline in cognitive processes, contributing to pathophysiology of stroke and dysfunctions of body metabolism. Besides, since iron plays an important role in both neuroprotection and neurodegeneration, dietary iron homeostasis should be considered with caution. Recently, there has been increased interest in sex-related differences in iron metabolism and iron homeostasis. These differences have not yet been fully elucidated. In this review we will discuss the latest discoveries in iron metabolism, age-related changes, along with the sex differences in iron content in serum and brain, within the healthy aging population and in neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Grubić Kezele
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
- Clinical Department for Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Božena Ćurko-Cofek
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
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Shin JA, Kim HS, Lee Kang J, Park EM. Estrogen deficiency is associated with brain iron deposition via upregulation of hepcidin expression in aged female mice. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 96:33-42. [PMID: 32920472 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The total iron level in the brain increases with age, and excess iron is associated with neurodegenerative diseases; however, the mechanism of brain iron deposition is unknown. In peripheral cells, the expression of hepcidin, a master regulator of iron homeostasis, is regulated by estrogen. This study aimed to determine whether hepcidin was involved in iron deposition in the brain and brain endothelial cells of estrogen-deficient aged female mice. Aged mice showed increased levels of hepcidin and ferritin in the brain and brain microvessels compared with young mice, and these levels were reduced by estrogen replacement in ovariectomized aged mice. In the brain endothelial cell line bEnd.3, the lipopolysaccharide (10 ng/mL)-induced increases of hepcidin mRNA and protein levels, the number of Prussian blue-positive cells, and free radicals were reduced after estrogen treatment. These results suggest that estrogen deficiency with an increase of hepcidin is partly responsible for iron deposition in the brain and brain endothelial cells and that hepcidin can be a target to prevent brain aging and neurodegeneration in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin A Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sun Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihee Lee Kang
- Department of Physiology and Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Tsai CC, Ng SH, Chen YL, Juan YH, Wang CH, Lin G, Chien CW, Lin YC, Lin YC, Huang YC, Huang PC, Wang JJ. T1 and T2∗ relaxation time in the parcellated myocardium of healthy Taiwanese participants: A single center study. Biomed J 2020; 44:S132-S143. [PMID: 35735082 PMCID: PMC9039095 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Quantitative maps from cardiac MRI provide objective information for myocardial tissue. The study aimed to report the T1 and T2∗ relaxation time and its relationship with clinical parameters in healthy Taiwanese participants. Methods Ninety-three participants were enrolled between 2014 and 2016 (Males/Females: 43/50; age: 49.7 ± 11.3/49.9 ± 10.3). T1 and T2∗ weighted images were obtained by MOLLI recovery and 3D fully flow compensated gradient echo sequences with a 3T MR scanner, respectively. The T1 map of the myocardium was parcellated into 16 partitions from the American Heart Association. The septal part of basal, mid-cavity, and apical view was selected for the T2∗ map. The difference of quantitative map by sex and age groups were evaluated by Student's TTEST and ANOVA, respectively. The relationship between T1, T2∗ map, and clinical parameters, such as ejection fraction, pulse rate, and blood pressures, were evaluated with partial correlation by controlling BMI and age. Results Male participants decreased T1 relaxation time in partitions which located in the mid-cavity and apical before 55 years old compared with females (Male/Female: 1143.1.4 ± 72.0–1191.1 ± 37.0/1180.1 ± 54.5–1326.1 ± 113.3 msec, p < 0.01). For female participants, T1 relaxation time was correlated negatively with systolic pressure (p < 0.01) and pulse rate (p < 0.01) before 45 years old. Besides, T1 and T2∗ relaxation time were positively and negatively correlated with ejection fraction and pulse rate after 45 years old in male participants, respectively. Decreased T2∗ relaxation time could be noticed in participants after 45 years old compared with youngers (26.0 ± 6.5/21.9 ± 8.0 msec; 25.2 ± 5.0/21.6 ± 7.2 msec, p < 0.05). Conclusion Reference T1 and T2∗ relaxation time from cardiac MRI in healthy Taiwanese participants were provided with sex and age-dependent manners. The relationship between clinical parameters and T1 or T2∗ relaxation time was also established and could be further investigated for its potential application in healthy/sub-healthy participants.
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Liu LL, Cao ZH, He CL, Zhong YC, Liu WY, Zhang P, Yang F, Xu YJ. Ferric Ion Induction of Triggering Receptor Expressed in Myeloid Cells-2 Expression and PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway in Preosteoclast Cells to Promote Osteoclast Differentiation. Orthop Surg 2020; 12:1304-1312. [PMID: 32729185 PMCID: PMC7454152 DOI: 10.1111/os.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Iron plays a significant role in multiple biological processes. The purpose of this study was to measure whether iron mediated osteoclast differentiation through regulation of triggering receptor expressed in myeloid cells‐2 (Trem‐2) expression and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Methods The effects of six different concentrations of ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) (100, 80, 40, 20, 10 and 0 μmol/L) on RAW 264.7 cells proliferation were assessed by Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) gassay. Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) assay was performed to detect the effects of FAC on osteoclast formation. The expression of osteoclast differentiation‐related (TRAP, NFATc‐1, and c‐Fos) and Trem‐2 mRNA and proteins was analyzed by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and western blot, respectively. Si‐Trem‐2 was constructed and transfected to RAW264.7 to measure the effects of Trem‐2 on FAC‐mediated osteoclast formation. TRAP assay and osteoclast differentiation‐related gene analyses were further performed to identify the role of Trem‐2 in osteoclastogenesis. The Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) was used to explore the target genes of Trem‐2. Trem‐2‐related gene ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway were used for further in‐depth analysis. PI3K/Akt pathway‐related proteins were detected by immunofluorescence and western blot. Results In groups with FAC concentration of 10 (102.5 ± 3.1), 20 (100.5 ± 1.5), and 40 μmol/L (98.7 ± 3.1), compared with the control group (100.1 ± 2.2), cell viability was not significantly different from the control (P > 0.05). When the concentration of FAC exceeded 80 μmol/L, cell viability was significantly decreased (87.5 ± 2.8 vs 100.1 ± 2.2, P < 0.05). FAC promotes Trem‐2 expression and osteoclast differentiation in a dose‐response manner (P < 0.05). The number of osteoclast‐like cells was found to be reduced following transfection with the siRNA of Trem‐2 (42 ± 3 vs 30 ± 5, P < 0.05). We observed that most of Trem‐2 target genes are primarily involved in response to organic substance, regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process, and regulation of protein phosphorylation. The STRING database revealed that Trem‐2 directly target two gene nodes (Pik3ca and Pik3r1), which are key transcriptional cofactors of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. KEGG pathways include the “PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway,” the “thyroid hormone signaling pathway”, “prostate cancer,” the “longevity regulating pathway,” and “insulin resistance.” Expression of p‐PI3K and p‐Akt protein, measured by immunofluorescence and western blotting, was markedly increased in the FAC groups. Trem‐2 siRNA caused partial reduction of these two proteins (p‐PI3K and p‐Akt) compared to the FAC alone group. Conclusion The FAC promoted osteoclast differentiation through the Trem‐2‐mediated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. However, its regulation osteoclastogenesis should be verified through further in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zi-Hou Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chun-Lei He
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yan-Chun Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Wu-Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Osteoporosis Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - You-Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Osteoporosis Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Iron promotes breast cancer cell migration via IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways in a paracrine or autocrine IL-6-rich inflammatory environment. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 210:111159. [PMID: 32652260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Iron overload can act as catalyst for the formation of free radicals, which may promote oxidant-mediated breast carcinogenesis. However, the association between iron and breast cancer has not been comprehensively elucidated. In this study, we found that iron overload upregulated the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression to activate Janus Kinases 2/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) signaling in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 cell lines, resulting in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer cell migration, but it had no effects on the estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer MCF-7 cells. However, in the presence of exogenous IL-6, iron overload could also dramatically induce an autocrine IL-6 loop in ER-positive MCF-7 cells to active IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling, resulting in enhanced EMT and cell motility. In vivo animal studies also identified that iron overload promoted the progression of low metastatic breast cancer tumorigenicity and lung metastasis following the addition of exogenous IL-6. This study suggested that iron overload could result in inducible IL-6 expression leading to promote malignant transformation of breast cancer cells in an paracrine or autocrine IL-6-rich inflammatory environment. Anti-inflammation and iron depletion therapy would be an effective therapeutic/preventive strategy for suppressing breast cancer progression.
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Li G, Zhang H, Wu J, Wang A, Yang F, Chen B, Gao Y, Ma X, Xu Y. Hepcidin deficiency causes bone loss through interfering with the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway via Forkhead box O3a. J Orthop Translat 2020; 23:67-76. [PMID: 32514392 PMCID: PMC7267010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2020.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Hepcidin deficiency is known to cause body iron accumulation and bone microarchitecture defects, but the exact underlying mechanisms of hepcidin deficiency-induced bone loss remain unclear. Our objective was to understand the molecular mechanism of hepcidin deficiency-induced bone loss. Methods The bone phenotypes of wild type (WT) and hepcidin knockout (Hepcidin-KO) mice were measured by microcomputed tomography. The osteoclastic marker of the bone was measured by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. The osteoblastic marker of the bone was measured by immunostaining of osteocalcin. Primary osteoblastic and osteoclastic differentiation was performed using bone marrow cells. The mature osteoclast was determined by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining, pit formation assay and relative gene expression. The mature osteoblast was determined by alkaline phosphatase activity, alkaline phosphatase staining, Alizarin Red staining and relative gene expression. The protein expression of β-catenin, TCF4/TCF7L2 and Forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) was measured by Western blot and their combination by co-immunoprecipitation. In vivo study was performed by tail vein administration of FOXO3a-RNAi using an adeno-associated virus in Hepcidin-KO mice. Results We found that Hepcidin-KO mice exhibited iron accumulation and bone loss compared with WT mice. The osteoclastic differentiation of bone marrow-derived macrophages from Hepcidin-KO mice was not significantly different from that of bone marrow–derived macrophages from WT mice. However, the osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells from Hepcidin-KO mice was obviously decreased compared with that of bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells from WT mice. Furthermore, it was confirmed in this study that upon hepcidin deficiency, β-catenin, TCF4/TCF7L2 and FOXO3a expression in bone tissues was not altered, but β-catenin combination with TCF4/TCF7L2 was strongly inhibited by β-catenin combination with FOXO3a, indicating that the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway was affected. Tail vein administration of FOXO3a-RNAi using an adeno-associated virus in Hepcidin-KO mice resulted in bone mass recovery. Conclusion These findings suggested that hepcidin deficiency might cause bone loss by interfering with the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway via FOXO3a, and FOXO3a inhibition would be a possible approach to treat hepcidin deficiency-induced bone loss. The translational potential of this article Hepcidin deficiency, as well as iron accumulation, has been considered as a risk factor for osteoporosis. For this kind of osteoporosis, inhibition of FOXO3a either by neutralized antibody or AAV-mediated RNAi, represents an effective and promising method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfei Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215004, Suzhou, China.,Osteoporosis Institute of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, 215004, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215004, Suzhou, China.,Osteoporosis Institute of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, 215004, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiadong Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Yancheng Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, 224005, Yancheng, China
| | - Aifei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215004, Suzhou, China.,Osteoporosis Institute of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, 215004, Suzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215004, Suzhou, China.,Osteoporosis Institute of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, 215004, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215004, Suzhou, China.,Osteoporosis Institute of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, 215004, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215004, Suzhou, China.,Osteoporosis Institute of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, 215004, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, 116001, Dalian, China
| | - Youjia Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215004, Suzhou, China.,Osteoporosis Institute of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, 215004, Suzhou, China
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Scindia Y, Wlazlo E, Ghias E, Cechova S, Loi V, Leeds J, Ledesma J, Helen C, Swaminathan S. Modulation of iron homeostasis with hepcidin ameliorates spontaneous murine lupus nephritis. Kidney Int 2020; 98:100-115. [PMID: 32444136 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Lupus nephritis is the end organ manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus. Iron metabolism and its master regulator, hepcidin, are known to regulate cell proliferation and inflammation, but their direct role in the pathophysiology of lupus nephritis remains under-investigated. Exogenous hepcidin reduced the severity of lupus nephritis in MRL/lpr mice, a preclinical model of spontaneous systemic lupus erythematosus without worsening anemia of inflammation. Hepcidin treatment reduced renal iron accumulation, systemic and intrarenal cytokines, and renal immune cell infiltration, independent of glomerular immune complex deposits and circulating autoantibodies. Hepcidin increased renal H-ferritin (a ferroxidase), reduced expression of free iron dependent DNA synthesis enzymes, Ribonucleotide Reductase 1 and 2, and intra-renal macrophage proliferation. These findings were recapitulated in vitro upon treatment of macrophages with hepcidin and murine colony stimulation factor-1. Furthermore, hepcidin-treated macrophages secreted less IL-1β and IL-6 upon stimulation with the TLR3 agonist polyinosine-polycytidylic acid. Of clinical relevance, hepcidin reduced progression and severity of nephritis in old mice with established systemic autoimmunity and overt proteinuria, highlighting its therapeutic potential. Thus, our findings provide a proof-of-concept that targeting cellular iron metabolism with hepcidin represents a promising therapeutic strategy in lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Scindia
- Division of Nephrology, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regeneration, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
| | - Ewa Wlazlo
- Division of Nephrology, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regeneration, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ghias
- Division of Nephrology, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regeneration, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sylvia Cechova
- Division of Nephrology, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regeneration, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Valentina Loi
- Division of Nephrology, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regeneration, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Joseph Leeds
- Division of Nephrology, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regeneration, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jonathan Ledesma
- Division of Nephrology, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regeneration, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Cathro Helen
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sundararaman Swaminathan
- Division of Nephrology, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regeneration, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
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