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Wang V, Tseng KY, Kuo TT, Huang EYK, Lan KL, Chen ZR, Ma KH, Greig NH, Jung J, Choi HI, Olson L, Hoffer BJ, Chen YH. Attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction and morphological disruption with PT320 delays dopamine degeneration in MitoPark mice. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:38. [PMID: 38627765 PMCID: PMC11022395 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria are essential organelles involved in cellular energy production. Changes in mitochondrial function can lead to dysfunction and cell death in aging and age-related disorders. Recent research suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction is closely linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist has gained interest as a potential treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the exact mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic effects of GLP-1R-related agonists are not yet fully understood. METHODS In this study, we explores the effects of early treatment with PT320, a sustained release formulation of the GLP-1R agonist Exenatide, on mitochondrial functions and morphology in a progressive PD mouse model, the MitoPark (MP) mouse. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate that administration of a clinically translatable dose of PT320 ameliorates the reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase expression, lowers reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and inhibits mitochondrial cytochrome c release during nigrostriatal dopaminergic denervation in MP mice. PT320 treatment significantly preserved mitochondrial function and morphology but did not influence the reduction in mitochondria numbers during PD progression in MP mice. Genetic analysis indicated that the cytoprotective effect of PT320 is attributed to a reduction in the expression of mitochondrial fission protein 1 (Fis1) and an increase in the expression of optic atrophy type 1 (Opa1), which is known to play a role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and decreasing cytochrome c release through remodeling of the cristae. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the early administration of PT320 shows potential as a neuroprotective treatment for PD, as it can preserve mitochondrial function. Through enhancing mitochondrial health by regulating Opa1 and Fis1, PT320 presents a new neuroprotective therapy in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki Wang
- Doctoral Degree Program in Translational Medicine, National Defense Medical Center and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yin Tseng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
- National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Tai Kuo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Eagle Yi-Kung Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Lun Lan
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Rong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsing Ma
- Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Jin Jung
- Peptron, Inc., Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Ii Choi
- Peptron, Inc., Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Lars Olson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barry J Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Yuan-Hao Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan.
- National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan.
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Wang Y, Fan W, Zhang G, Zhao L, Li T, Zhang L, Hou T, Hong H, You Z, Sun Q, Li R, Liu C. LRRK2 is involved in heat exposure-induced acute lung injury and alveolar type II epithelial cell dysfunction. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123643. [PMID: 38428793 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Heat exposure induces excessive hyperthermia associated with systemic inflammatory response that leads to multiple organ dysfunction including acute lung injury. However, how heat impairs the lung remains elusive so far. We aimed to explore the underlying mechanism by focusing on leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), which was associated with lung homeostasis. Both in vivo and in vitro models were induced by heat exposure. Firstly, heat exposure exerted core temperature (Tc) disturbance, pulmonary dysfunction, atelectasis, inflammation, impaired energy metabolism, and reduced surfactant proteins in the lung of mice. In addition, decreased LRRK2 expression and increased heat shock proteins (HSPs) 70 were observed with heat exposure in both the lung of mice and alveolar type II epithelial cells (AT2). Furthermore, LRRK2 inhibition aggravated heat exposure-initiated Tc dysregulation, injury in the lung and AT2 cells, and enhanced HSP70 expression. In conclusion, LRRK2 is involved in heat-induced acute lung injury and AT2 cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yindan Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Fan
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lisha Zhao
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tong Hou
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huihua Hong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenqiang You
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Sun
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ran Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cuiqing Liu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China.
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Ay M, Charli A, Langley M, Jang A, Padhi P, Jin H, Anantharam V, Kalyanaraman B, Kanthasamy A, Kanthasamy AG. Mito-metformin protects against mitochondrial dysfunction and dopaminergic neuronal degeneration by activating upstream PKD1 signaling in cell culture and MitoPark animal models of Parkinson's disease. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1356703. [PMID: 38449738 PMCID: PMC10915001 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1356703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Impaired mitochondrial function and biogenesis have strongly been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Thus, identifying the key signaling mechanisms regulating mitochondrial biogenesis is crucial to developing new treatment strategies for PD. We previously reported that protein kinase D1 (PKD1) activation protects against neuronal cell death in PD models by regulating mitochondrial biogenesis. To further harness the translational drug discovery potential of targeting PKD1-mediated neuroprotective signaling, we synthesized mito-metformin (Mito-Met), a mitochondria-targeted analog derived from conjugating the anti-diabetic drug metformin with a triphenylphosphonium functional group, and then evaluated the preclinical efficacy of Mito-Met in cell culture and MitoPark animal models of PD. Mito-Met (100-300 nM) significantly activated PKD1 phosphorylation, as well as downstream Akt and AMPKα phosphorylation, more potently than metformin, in N27 dopaminergic neuronal cells. Furthermore, treatment with Mito-Met upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) implying that Mito-Met can promote mitochondrial biogenesis. Interestingly, Mito-Met significantly increased mitochondrial bioenergetics capacity in N27 dopaminergic cells. Mito-Met also reduced mitochondrial fragmentation induced by the Parkinsonian neurotoxicant MPP+ in N27 cells and protected against MPP+-induced TH-positive neurite loss in primary neurons. More importantly, Mito-Met treatment (10 mg/kg, oral gavage for 8 week) significantly improved motor deficits and reduced striatal dopamine depletion in MitoPark mice. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Mito-Met possesses profound neuroprotective effects in both in vitro and in vivo models of PD, suggesting that pharmacological activation of PKD1 signaling could be a novel neuroprotective translational strategy in PD and other related neurocognitive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Ay
- Parkinson’s Disorder Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Adhithiya Charli
- Parkinson’s Disorder Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Monica Langley
- Parkinson’s Disorder Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Ahyoung Jang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Isakson Center for Neurological Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Piyush Padhi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Isakson Center for Neurological Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Huajun Jin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Isakson Center for Neurological Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Isakson Center for Neurological Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | | | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Isakson Center for Neurological Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Anumantha G. Kanthasamy
- Parkinson’s Disorder Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Isakson Center for Neurological Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Tassone A, Meringolo M, Ponterio G, Bonsi P, Schirinzi T, Martella G. Mitochondrial Bioenergy in Neurodegenerative Disease: Huntington and Parkinson. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087221. [PMID: 37108382 PMCID: PMC10138549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Strong evidence suggests a correlation between degeneration and mitochondrial deficiency. Typical cases of degeneration can be observed in physiological phenomena (i.e., ageing) as well as in neurological neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. All these pathologies have the dyshomeostasis of mitochondrial bioenergy as a common denominator. Neurodegenerative diseases show bioenergetic imbalances in their pathogenesis or progression. Huntington's chorea and Parkinson's disease are both neurodegenerative diseases, but while Huntington's disease is genetic and progressive with early manifestation and severe penetrance, Parkinson's disease is a pathology with multifactorial aspects. Indeed, there are different types of Parkinson/Parkinsonism. Many forms are early-onset diseases linked to gene mutations, while others could be idiopathic, appear in young adults, or be post-injury senescence conditions. Although Huntington's is defined as a hyperkinetic disorder, Parkinson's is a hypokinetic disorder. However, they both share a lot of similarities, such as neuronal excitability, the loss of striatal function, psychiatric comorbidity, etc. In this review, we will describe the start and development of both diseases in relation to mitochondrial dysfunction. These dysfunctions act on energy metabolism and reduce the vitality of neurons in many different brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Tassone
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Meringolo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Ponterio
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Bonsi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Schirinzi
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Martella
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
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Pasko VI, Churkina AS, Shakhov AS, Kotlobay AA, Alieva IB. Modeling of Neurodegenerative Diseases: 'Step by Step' and 'Network' Organization of the Complexes of Model Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010604. [PMID: 36614047 PMCID: PMC9820769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases have acquired the status of one of the leading causes of death in developed countries, which requires creating new model systems capable of accurately reproducing the mechanisms underlying these pathologies. Here we analyzed modern model systems and their contribution to the solution of unexplored manifestations of neuropathological processes. Each model has unique properties that make it the optimal tool for modeling certain aspects of neurodegenerative disorders. We concluded that to optimize research, it is necessary to combine models into complexes that include organisms and artificial systems of different organizational levels. Such complexes can be organized in two ways. The first method can be described as "step by step", where each model for studying a certain characteristic is a separate step that allows using the information obtained in the modeling process for the gradual study of increasingly complex processes in subsequent models. The second way is a 'network' approach. Studies are carried out with several types of models simultaneously, and experiments with each specific type are adjusted in conformity with the data obtained from other models. In our opinion, the 'network' approach to combining individual model systems seems more promising for fundamental biology as well as diagnostics and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleksandra Sergeevna Churkina
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1–73, Leninskye Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1–40, Leninskye Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton Sergeevich Shakhov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1–40, Leninskye Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly Alexeevich Kotlobay
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya St., 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Borisovna Alieva
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1–40, Leninskye Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Luo Y, Lin R, Zuo Y, Zhang Z, Zhuo Y, Lu M, Chen S, Gu H. Efficient Electrochemical Microsensor for In Vivo Monitoring of H 2O 2 in PD Mouse Brain: Rational Design and Synthesis of Recognition Molecules. Anal Chem 2022; 94:9130-9139. [PMID: 35694821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), one of the most stable and abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS), acting as a modulator of dopaminergic signaling, has been intimately implicated in Parkinson's disease, creating a critical need for the selective quantification of H2O2 in the living brain. Current natural or nanomimic enzyme-based electrochemical methods employed for the determination of H2O2 suffer from inadequate selectivity and stability, due to which the in vivo measurement of H2O2 in the living brain remains a challenge. Herein, a series of 5-(1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)-N-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)pentanamide (DBP) derivatives were designed by tuning the substitute groups and sites of a boric acid ester, which served as probes to specifically react with H2O2. Consequently, the reaction products, 5-(1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)-N-(4-hydroxyphen-yl)pentanamide (DHP) derivatives, converted the electrochemical signal from inactive into active. After systematically evaluating their performances, 5-(1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)-N-(3-chloro-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)pentanamide (o-Cl-DBP) was finally identified as the optimized probe for H2O2 detection as it revealed the fastest reaction time, the largest current density, and the most negative potential. In addition, electrochemically oxidized graphene oxide (EOGO) was utilized to produce a stable inner reference. The designed electrochemical microsensor provided a ratiometric strategy for real-time tracking of H2O2 in a linear range of 0.5-600 μM with high selectivity and accuracy. Eventually, the efficient electrochemical microsensor was successfully applied to the measurement of H2O2 in Parkinson's disease (PD) mouse brain. The average levels of H2O2 in the cortex, striatum, and hippocampus in the normal mouse and PD mouse were systematically compared for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Luo
- A Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, P. R. China
| | - Ruizhi Lin
- A Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, P. R. China
| | - Yimei Zuo
- A Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- A Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhuo
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P. R. China
| | - Ming Lu
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P. R. China
| | - Shu Chen
- A Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, P. R. China
| | - Hui Gu
- A Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, P. R. China
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Association of p53 with Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease. PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 2022:6600944. [PMID: 35601652 PMCID: PMC9117072 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6600944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
p53 is a vital transcriptional protein implicated in regulating diverse cellular processes, including cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, mitochondrial metabolism, redox homeostasis, autophagy, senescence, and apoptosis. Recent studies have revealed that p53 levels and activity are substantially increased in affected neurons in cellular and animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) as well as in the brains of PD patients. p53 activation in response to neurodegenerative stress is closely associated with the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, abnormal protein aggregation, and impairment of autophagy, and these pathogenic events have been implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. Pathogenic p53 integrates diverse cellular stresses and activate these downstream events to induce the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons; thus, it plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PD and appears to be a potential target for the treatment of the disease. We reviewed the current knowledge concerning p53-dependent neurodegeneration to better understand the underlying mechanisms and provide possible strategies for PD treatment by targeting p53.
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Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Improves Parkinson’s Disease by Promoting Mitochondrial Biogenesis via the SIRT-1/PGC-1α Pathway. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050661. [PMID: 35625589 PMCID: PMC9138219 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been suggested as a potential adjunctive therapy for Parkinson’s disease (PD). PD is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). The aim of this study was to investigate the protective mechanisms of HBOT on neurons and motor function in a 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of PD and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-mediated neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells on the potential protective capability. In vivo: male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: control, MPTP group and MPTP+HBOT group. The MPTP-treated mice were intraperitoneally received MPTP (20 mg/kg) four times at 2 h intervals within a day. The day after MPTP treatment, MPTP+HBOT mice were exposed to hyperbaric oxygen at 2.5 atmosphere absolute (ATA) with 100% oxygen for 1 h once daily for 7 consecutive days. In vitro: retinoic acid (RA)-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells were treated with MPP+ for 1 h followed by hyperbaric oxygen at 2.5 ATA with 100% oxygen for 1 h. The results showed that MPTP induced a significant loss in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons in the SNpc of mice. HBOT treatment significantly increased the number of TH-positive neurons, with enhanced neurotrophic factor BDNF, decreased apoptotic signaling and attenuated inflammatory mediators in the midbrain of MPTP-treated mice. In addition, MPTP treatment decreased the locomotor activity and grip strength of mice, and these effects were shown to improve after HBOT treatment. Furthermore, MPTP decreased mitochondrial biogenesis signaling (SIRT-1, PGC-1α and TFAM), as well as mitochondrial marker VDAC expression, while HBOT treatment was shown to upregulate protein expression. In cell experiments, MPP+ reduced neurite length, while HBOT treatment attenuated neurite retraction. Conclusions: the effects of HBOT in MPTP-treated mice might come from promoting mitochondrial biogenesis, decreasing apoptotic signaling and attenuating inflammatory mediators in the midbrain, suggesting its potential benefits in PD treatment.
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Mitochondrial Sirtuins in Parkinson’s Disease. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1491-1502. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03560-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Ganesan S, Parvathi VD. Deconstructing the molecular genetics behind the PINK1/Parkin axis in Parkinson’s disease using Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-021-00208-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder marked by the death of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in response to the compounding effects of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and protein aggregation. Transgenic Drosophila models have been used extensively to decipher the underlying genetic interactions that exacerbate neural health in PD. Autosomal recessive forms of the disease have been linked to mutations in the serine/threonine kinase PINK1(PTEN-Induced Putative Kinase 1) and E3 ligase Parkin, which function in an axis that is conserved in flies. This review aims to probe the current understanding of PD pathogenesis via the PINK1/Parkin axis while underscoring the importance of several molecular and pharmacologic rescues brought to light through studies in Drosophila.
Main body
Mutations in PINK1 and Parkin have been shown to affect the axonal transport of mitochondria within dopaminergic neurons and perturb the balance between mitochondrial fusion/fission resulting in abnormal mitochondrial morphology. As per studies in flies, ectopic expression of Fwd kinase and Atg-1 to promote fission and mitophagy while suppressing fusion via MUL1 E3 ligase may aid to halt mitochondrial aggregation and prolong the survival of dopaminergic neurons. Furthermore, upregulation of Hsp70/Hsp90 chaperone systems (Trap1, CHIP) to target misfolded mitochondrial respiratory complexes may help to preserve their bioenergetic capacity. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species as a consequence of respiratory complex dysfunction or antioxidant enzyme deficiency further escalates neural death by inducing apoptosis, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. Fly studies have reported the induction of canonical Wnt signalling to enhance the activity of transcriptional co-activators (PGC1α, FOXO) which induce the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Enhancing the clearance of free radicals via uncoupling proteins (UCP4) has also been reported to ameliorate oxidative stress-induced cell death in PINK1/Parkin mutants.
Conclusion
While these novel mechanisms require validation through mammalian studies, they offer several explanations for the factors propagating dopaminergic death as well as promising insights into the therapeutic importance of transgenic fly models in PD.
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Dopaminergic Axons: Key Recitalists in Parkinson's Disease. Neurochem Res 2021; 47:234-248. [PMID: 34637100 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03464-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with dopamine depletion in the striatum owing to the selective and progressive loss of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, which results in motor dysfunction and secondary clinical manifestations. The dopamine level in the striatum is preserved because of the innervation of the substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic neurons into it. Therefore, protection of the SN neurons is crucial for maintaining the dopamine level in the striatum and for ensuring the desired motor coordination. Several strategies have been devised to protect the degenerating dopaminergic neurons or to restore the dopamine levels for treating PD. Most of the methods focus exclusively on preventing cell body death in the neurons. Although advances have been made in understanding the disease, the search for disease-modifying drugs is an ongoing process. The present review describes the evidence from studies involving patients with PD as well as PD models that axon terminals are highly vulnerable to exogenous and endogenous insults and degenerate at the early stage of the disease. Impairment of mitochondrial dynamics, Ca2+ homeostasis, axonal transport, and loss of plasticity of axon terminals appear before the neuronal degeneration in PD. Furthermore, distortion of synaptic morphology and reduction of postsynaptic dendritic spines are the neuropathological hallmarks of early-stage disease. Thus, the review proposes a shift in focus from discerning the mechanism of neuronal cell body loss and targeting it to an entirely different approach of preventing axonal degeneration. The review also suggests appropriate strategies to prevent the loss of synaptic terminals, which could induce regrowth of the axon and its auxiliary fibers and might offer relief from the symptomatic features of PD.
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Huang M, Lou D, Charli A, Kong D, Jin H, Zenitsky G, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy A, Wang Z, Kanthasamy AG. Mitochondrial dysfunction-induced H3K27 hyperacetylation perturbs enhancers in Parkinson's disease. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e138088. [PMID: 34494552 PMCID: PMC8492320 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.138088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a major pathophysiological contributor to the progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD); however, whether it contributes to epigenetic dysregulation remains unknown. Here, we show that both chemically and genetically driven mitochondrial dysfunctions share a common mechanism of epigenetic dysregulation. Under both scenarios, lysine 27 acetylation of likely variant H3.3 (H3.3K27ac) increased in dopaminergic neuronal models of PD, thereby opening that region to active enhancer activity via H3K27ac. These vulnerable epigenomic loci represent potential transcription factor motifs for PD pathogenesis. We further confirmed that mitochondrial dysfunction induces H3K27ac in ex vivo and in vivo (MitoPark) neurodegenerative models of PD. Notably, the significantly increased H3K27ac in postmortem PD brains highlights the clinical relevance to the human PD population. Our results reveal an exciting mitochondrial dysfunction-metabolism-H3K27ac-transcriptome axis for PD pathogenesis. Collectively, the mechanistic insights link mitochondrial dysfunction to epigenetic dysregulation in dopaminergic degeneration and offer potential new epigenetic intervention strategies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhong Huang
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Dan Lou
- Laboratory of Environmental Epigenomes, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Adhithiya Charli
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Dehui Kong
- Laboratory of Environmental Epigenomes, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Huajun Jin
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Gary Zenitsky
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Epigenomes, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Anumantha G Kanthasamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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13
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Chen Z, Rasheed M, Deng Y. The epigenetic mechanisms involved in mitochondrial dysfunction: Implication for Parkinson's disease. Brain Pathol 2021; 32:e13012. [PMID: 34414627 PMCID: PMC9048811 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the crucial factors involved in PD’s pathogenicity, which emerges from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. These factors cause differential molecular expression in neurons, such as varied transcriptional regulation of genes, elevated oxidative stress, α‐synuclein aggregation and endogenous neurotoxins release, which induces epigenetic modifications and triggers energy crisis by damaging mitochondria of the dopaminergic neurons (DN). So far, these events establish a complicated relationship with underlying mechanisms of mitochondrial anomalies in PD, which has remained unclear for years and made PD diagnosis and treatment extremely difficult. Therefore, in this review, we endeavored to discuss the complex association of epigenetic modifications and other associated vital factors in mitochondrial dysfunction. We propose a hypothesis that describes a vicious cycle in which mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress act as a hub for regulating DA neuron's fate in PD. Oxidative stress triggers the release of endogenous neurotoxins (CTIQs) that lead to mitochondrial dysfunction along with abnormal α‐synuclein aggregation and epigenetic modifications. These disturbances further intensify oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage, amplifying the synthesis of CTIQs and works vice versa. This vicious cycle may result in the degeneration of DN to hallmark Parkinsonism. Furthermore, we have also highlighted various endogenous compounds and epigenetic marks (neurotoxic and neuroprotective), which may help for devising future diagnostic biomarkers and target specific drugs using novel PD management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Chen
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Madiha Rasheed
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yulin Deng
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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14
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Mitochondrial Quality Control in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5253-5271. [PMID: 34275087 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02494-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and also a major cause of adult disability worldwide. Revascularization via reperfusion therapy is currently a standard clinical procedure for patients with ischemic stroke. Although the restoration of blood flow (reperfusion) is critical for the salvage of ischemic tissue, reperfusion can also, paradoxically, exacerbate neuronal damage through a series of cellular alterations. Among the various theories postulated for ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, including the burst generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), activation of autophagy, and release of apoptotic factors, mitochondrial dysfunction has been proposed to play an essential role in mediating these pathophysiological processes. Therefore, strict regulation of the quality and quantity of mitochondria via mitochondrial quality control is of great importance to avoid the pathological effects of impaired mitochondria on neurons. Furthermore, timely elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria via mitophagy is also crucial to maintain a healthy mitochondrial network, whereas intensive or excessive mitophagy could exacerbate cerebral I/R injury. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the effect of mitochondrial quality control on cerebral I/R injury and introduce recent advances in the understanding of the possible signaling pathways of mitophagy and potential factors responsible for the double-edged roles of mitophagy in the pathological processes of cerebral I/R injury.
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15
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Bastioli G, Regoni M, Cazzaniga F, De Luca CMG, Bistaffa E, Zanetti L, Moda F, Valtorta F, Sassone J. Animal Models of Autosomal Recessive Parkinsonism. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070812. [PMID: 34356877 PMCID: PMC8301401 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder. The neuropathological hallmark of the disease is the loss of dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta. The clinical manifestations of PD are bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremors and postural instability. PD patients often display non-motor symptoms such as depression, anxiety, weakness, sleep disturbances and cognitive disorders. Although, in 90% of cases, PD has a sporadic onset of unknown etiology, highly penetrant rare genetic mutations in many genes have been linked with typical familial PD. Understanding the mechanisms behind the DA neuron death in these Mendelian forms may help to illuminate the pathogenesis of DA neuron degeneration in the more common forms of PD. A key step in the identification of the molecular pathways underlying DA neuron death, and in the development of therapeutic strategies, is the creation and characterization of animal models that faithfully recapitulate the human disease. In this review, we outline the current status of PD modeling using mouse, rat and non-mammalian models, focusing on animal models for autosomal recessive PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guendalina Bastioli
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (M.R.); (L.Z.); (F.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Regoni
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (M.R.); (L.Z.); (F.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Cazzaniga
- Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.G.D.L.); (E.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Chiara Maria Giulia De Luca
- Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.G.D.L.); (E.B.); (F.M.)
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Edoardo Bistaffa
- Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.G.D.L.); (E.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Letizia Zanetti
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (M.R.); (L.Z.); (F.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Moda
- Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.G.D.L.); (E.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Flavia Valtorta
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (M.R.); (L.Z.); (F.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Jenny Sassone
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (M.R.); (L.Z.); (F.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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16
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Dysregulation of PGC-1α-Dependent Transcriptional Programs in Neurological and Developmental Disorders: Therapeutic Challenges and Opportunities. Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cells10020352
expr 820281011 + 880698691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence indicates that mitochondrial impairment contributes to neuronal dysfunction and vulnerability in disease states, leading investigators to propose that the enhancement of mitochondrial function should be considered a strategy for neuroprotection. However, multiple attempts to improve mitochondrial function have failed to impact disease progression, suggesting that the biology underlying the normal regulation of mitochondrial pathways in neurons, and its dysfunction in disease, is more complex than initially thought. Here, we present the proteins and associated pathways involved in the transcriptional regulation of nuclear-encoded genes for mitochondrial function, with a focus on the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α). We highlight PGC-1α’s roles in neuronal and non-neuronal cell types and discuss evidence for the dysregulation of PGC-1α-dependent pathways in Huntington’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, and developmental disorders, emphasizing the relationship between disease-specific cellular vulnerability and cell-type-specific patterns of PGC-1α expression. Finally, we discuss the challenges inherent to therapeutic targeting of PGC-1α-related transcriptional programs, considering the roles for neuron-enriched transcriptional coactivators in co-regulating mitochondrial and synaptic genes. This information will provide novel insights into the unique aspects of transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial function in neurons and the opportunities for therapeutic targeting of transcriptional pathways for neuroprotection.
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17
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Dysregulation of PGC-1α-Dependent Transcriptional Programs in Neurological and Developmental Disorders: Therapeutic Challenges and Opportunities. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020352. [PMID: 33572179 PMCID: PMC7915819 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence indicates that mitochondrial impairment contributes to neuronal dysfunction and vulnerability in disease states, leading investigators to propose that the enhancement of mitochondrial function should be considered a strategy for neuroprotection. However, multiple attempts to improve mitochondrial function have failed to impact disease progression, suggesting that the biology underlying the normal regulation of mitochondrial pathways in neurons, and its dysfunction in disease, is more complex than initially thought. Here, we present the proteins and associated pathways involved in the transcriptional regulation of nuclear-encoded genes for mitochondrial function, with a focus on the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α). We highlight PGC-1α's roles in neuronal and non-neuronal cell types and discuss evidence for the dysregulation of PGC-1α-dependent pathways in Huntington's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and developmental disorders, emphasizing the relationship between disease-specific cellular vulnerability and cell-type-specific patterns of PGC-1α expression. Finally, we discuss the challenges inherent to therapeutic targeting of PGC-1α-related transcriptional programs, considering the roles for neuron-enriched transcriptional coactivators in co-regulating mitochondrial and synaptic genes. This information will provide novel insights into the unique aspects of transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial function in neurons and the opportunities for therapeutic targeting of transcriptional pathways for neuroprotection.
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18
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Jeon YM, Kwon Y, Jo M, Lee S, Kim S, Kim HJ. The Role of Glial Mitochondria in α-Synuclein Toxicity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:548283. [PMID: 33262983 PMCID: PMC7686475 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.548283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormal accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates in neurons and glial cells is widely known to be associated with many neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and Multiple system atrophy (MSA). Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurons and glia is known as a key feature of α-syn toxicity. Studies aimed at understanding α-syn-induced toxicity and its role in neurodegenerative diseases have primarily focused on neurons. However, a growing body of evidence demonstrates that glial cells such as microglia and astrocytes have been implicated in the initial pathogenesis and the progression of α-Synucleinopathy. Glial cells are important for supporting neuronal survival, synaptic functions, and local immunity. Furthermore, recent studies highlight the role of mitochondrial metabolism in the normal function of glial cells. In this work, we review the complex relationship between glial mitochondria and α-syn-mediated neurodegeneration, which may provide novel insights into the roles of glial cells in α-syn-associated neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mi Jeon
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Younghwi Kwon
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Myungjin Jo
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Shinrye Lee
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seyeon Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
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19
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Shen Y, Wu Q, Shi J, Zhou S. Regulation of SIRT3 on mitochondrial functions and oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110928. [PMID: 33128944 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) is a NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase that is located in mitochondria, regulating mitochondrial proteins and maintaining cellular antioxidant status. Increasing evidence demonstrates that SIRT3 plays a role in degenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD), which is a devastating nervous system disease currently with no effective treatments available. Although the etiology of PD is still largely ambiguous, substantial evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress play major roles in the pathogenesis of PD. The imbalance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and detoxification leads to oxidative stress that can accelerate the progression of PD. By causing conformational changes in the deacetylated proteins SIRT3 modulates the activities and biological functions of a variety of proteins involved in mitochondrial antioxidant defense and various mitochondrial functions. Increasingly more studies have suggested that upregulation of SIRT3 confers beneficial effect on neuroprotection in various PD models. This review discusses the mechanism by which SIRT3 regulates intracellular oxidative status and mitochondrial function with an emphasis in discussing in detail the regulation of SIRT3 on each component of the five complexes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and mitochondrial antioxidant defense, as well as the pharmacological regulation of SIRT3 in light of therapeutic strategies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Shen
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnocentric of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnocentric of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Jingshan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnocentric of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Shaoyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnocentric of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China.
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20
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Lee SH, Lutz D, Drexler D, Frotscher M, Shen J. Differential modulation of short-term plasticity at hippocampal mossy fiber and Schaffer collateral synapses by mitochondrial Ca2. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240610. [PMID: 33049001 PMCID: PMC7553293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Presynaptic mitochondrial Ca2+ plays a critical role in the regulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity. The presynaptic bouton of the hippocampal mossy fiber (MF) is much larger in size than that of the Schaffer collateral (SC) synapse. Here we compare the structural and physiological characteristics of MF and SC presynaptic boutons to reveal functional and mechanistic differences between these two synapses. Our quantitative ultrastructural analysis using electron microscopy show many more mitochondria in MF presynaptic bouton cross-section profiles compared to SC boutons. Consistent with these results, post-tetanic potentiation (PTP), a form of presynaptic short-term plasticity dependent on mitochondrial Ca2+, is reduced by inhibition of mitochondrial Ca2+ release at MF synapses but not at SC synapses. However, blockade of mitochondrial Ca2+ release results in reduction of PTP at SC synapses by disynaptic MF stimulation. Furthermore, inhibition of mitochondrial Ca2+ release selectively decreases frequency facilitation evoked by short trains of presynaptic stimulation at MF synapses, while having no effect at SC synapses. Moreover, depletion of ER Ca2+ stores leads to reduction of PTP at MF synapses, but PTP is unaffected by ER Ca2+ depletion at SC synapses. These findings show that MF and SC synapses differ in presynaptic mitochondrial content as well as mitochondrial Ca2+ dependent synaptic plasticity, highlighting differential regulatory mechanisms of presynaptic plasticity at MF and SC synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David Lutz
- Institute for Structural Neurobiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dagmar Drexler
- Institute for Structural Neurobiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Frotscher
- Institute for Structural Neurobiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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21
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Verma M, Zhu J, Wang KZQ, Chu CT. Chronic treatment with the complex I inhibitor MPP + depletes endogenous PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) via up-regulation of Bcl-2-associated athanogene 6 (BAG6). J Biol Chem 2020; 295:7865-7876. [PMID: 32332095 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in sporadic and familial Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the mechanisms that impair homeostatic responses to mitochondrial dysfunction remain unclear. Previously, we found that chronic, low-dose administration of the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) dysregulates mitochondrial fission-fusion, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Given that PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) regulates mitochondrial function, dynamics, and turnover, we hypothesized that alterations in endogenous PINK1 levels contribute to depletion of mitochondria during chronic complex I injury. Here we found that chronic MPP+ treatment of differentiated SH-SY5Y neuronal cells significantly decreases PINK1 expression prior to reductions in other mitochondrial components. Furthermore, Bcl2-associated athanogene 6 (BAG6, BAT3, or Scythe), a protein involved in protein quality control and degradation, was highly up-regulated during the chronic MPP+ treatment. BAG6 interacted with PINK1, and BAG6 overexpression decreased the half-life of PINK1. Conversely, siRNA-mediated BAG6 knockdown prevented chronic MPP+ stress-induced loss of PINK1, reversed MPP+-provoked mitochondrial changes, increased cell viability, and prevented MPP+-induced dendrite shrinkage in primary neurons. These results indicate that BAG6 up-regulation during chronic complex I inhibition contributes to mitochondrial pathology by decreasing the levels of endogenous PINK1. Given that recessive mutations in PINK1 cause familial PD, the finding of accelerated PINK1 degradation in the chronic MPP+ model suggests that PINK1 loss of function represents a point of convergence between the neurotoxic and genetic causes of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Verma
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jianhui Zhu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kent Z Q Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Charleen T Chu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA .,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Protein Conformational Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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22
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Berwick DC, Heaton GR, Azeggagh S, Harvey K. LRRK2 Biology from structure to dysfunction: research progresses, but the themes remain the same. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:49. [PMID: 31864390 PMCID: PMC6925518 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0344-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) as a protein that is likely central to the aetiology of Parkinson’s disease, a considerable amount of work has gone into uncovering its basic cellular function. This effort has led to the implication of LRRK2 in a bewildering range of cell biological processes and pathways, and probable roles in a number of seemingly unrelated medical conditions. In this review we summarise current knowledge of the basic biochemistry and cellular function of LRRK2. Topics covered include the identification of phosphorylation substrates of LRRK2 kinase activity, in particular Rab proteins, and advances in understanding the activation of LRRK2 kinase activity via dimerisation and association with membranes, especially via interaction with Rab29. We also discuss biochemical studies that shed light on the complex LRRK2 GTPase activity, evidence of roles for LRRK2 in a range of cell signalling pathways that are likely cell type specific, and studies linking LRRK2 to the cell biology of organelles. The latter includes the involvement of LRRK2 in autophagy, endocytosis, and processes at the trans-Golgi network, the endoplasmic reticulum and also key microtubule-based cellular structures. We further propose a mechanism linking LRRK2 dimerisation, GTPase function and membrane recruitment with LRRK2 kinase activation by Rab29. Together these data paint a picture of a research field that in many ways is moving forward with great momentum, but in other ways has not changed fundamentally. Many key advances have been made, but very often they seem to lead back to the same places.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Berwick
- School of Health, Life and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK.
| | - George R Heaton
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Sonia Azeggagh
- School of Health, Life and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Kirsten Harvey
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
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23
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Korkmaz OT, Tunçel N. Advantages of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide for the Future Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:4693-4701. [PMID: 30636594 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190111150953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in adults over the age of 65. The characteristic symptoms of Parkinson's disease, such as resting tremor, muscular rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability and gait imbalance, are thought to be a result of the progressive degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra compacta, resulting in insufficient dopamine integrated signalling on GABAergic medium spiny neurons in the striatum. Despite tremendous research, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease have remained largely unknown. Although a variety of possible pathogenic mechanisms have been proposed over the years, including excessive release of oxygen free radicals, impairment of mitochondrial function, loss of trophic support, abnormal kinase activity, disruption of calcium homeostasis, dysfunction of protein degradation and neuroinflammation, the pathogenesis is still largely uncertain, and there is currently no effective cure for Parkinson's disease. To develop potential therapies for Parkinson's disease, inflammatory processes, mitochondrial dynamics, oxidative stress, production of reactive aldehydes, excitotoxicity and synucleinopathies are to be targeted. In this respect, vasoactive intestinal peptide has beneficial effects that provide an advantage for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Vasoactive intestinal peptide is a major neuropeptide-neurotransmitter having antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neurotropic, neuromodulator, and anti-apoptotic properties. In addition to its direct neuroprotective actions regulating the activity of astrocytes, microglia and brain mast cells, it also plays important roles for neuronal adaptation, maintenance and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Tansel Korkmaz
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology and Neurophysiology Eskisehir 26480, Turkey
| | - Neşe Tunçel
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology and Neurophysiology Eskisehir 26480, Turkey
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24
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Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular homeostatic program for the turnover of cellular organelles and proteins, in which double-membraned vesicles (autophagosomes) sequester cytoplasmic cargos, which are subsequently delivered to the lysosome for degradation. Emerging evidence implicates autophagy as an important modulator of human disease. Macroautophagy and selective autophagy (e.g., mitophagy, aggrephagy) can influence cellular processes, including cell death, inflammation, and immune responses, and thereby exert both adaptive and maladaptive roles in disease pathogenesis. Autophagy has been implicated in acute kidney injury, which can arise in response to nephrotoxins, sepsis, and ischemia/reperfusion, and in chronic kidney diseases. The latter includes comorbidities of diabetes and recent evidence for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-associated kidney injury. Roles of autophagy in polycystic kidney disease and kidney cancer have also been described. Targeting the autophagy pathway may have therapeutic benefit in the treatment of kidney disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Choi
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; .,NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Water-soluble CoQ10 as A Promising Anti-aging Agent for Neurological Dysfunction in Brain Mitochondria. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8030061. [PMID: 30862106 PMCID: PMC6466529 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8030061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial function has been closely associated with normal aging and age-related diseases. Age-associated declines in mitochondrial function, such as changes in oxygen consumption rate, cytochrome c oxidase activity of complex IV, and mitochondrial coenzyme Q (CoQ) levels, begin as early as 12 to 15 months of age in male mouse brains. Brain mitochondrial dysfunction is accompanied by increased accumulation of phosphorylated α-synuclein in the motor cortex and impairment of motor activities, which are similar characteristics of Parkinson's disease. However, these age-associated defects are completely rescued by the administration of exogenous CoQ10 to middle-aged mice via its water solubilization by emulsification in drinking water. Further efforts to develop strategies to enhance the biological availability of CoQ10 to successfully ameliorate age-related brain mitochondrial dysfunction or neurodegenerative disorders may provide a promising anti-aging agent.
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Sarni AR, Baroni L. Milk and Parkinson disease: Could galactose be the missing link. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-180234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciana Baroni
- Primary Care Unit, Northern District, Local Health Unit 2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
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Conceição LRD, Moura LPD, Pauli JR. Benefits of physical exercise on Parkinson’s disease disorders induced in animal models. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574201900030007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil; Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil
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Ryter SW, Bhatia D, Choi ME. Autophagy: A Lysosome-Dependent Process with Implications in Cellular Redox Homeostasis and Human Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:138-159. [PMID: 29463101 PMCID: PMC6251060 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Autophagy, a lysosome-dependent homeostatic process inherent to cells and tissues, has emerging significance in the pathogenesis of human disease. This process enables the degradation and turnover of cytoplasmic substrates via membrane-dependent sequestration in autophagic vesicles (autophagosomes) and subsequent lysosomal delivery of cargo. Recent Advances: Selective forms of autophagy can target specific substrates (e.g., organelles, protein aggregates, and lipids) for processing. Autophagy is highly regulated by oxidative stress, including exposure to altered oxygen tension, by direct and indirect mechanisms, and contributes to inducible defenses against oxidative stress. Mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) plays a critical role in the oxidative stress response, through maintenance of mitochondrial integrity. CRITICAL ISSUES Autophagy can impact a number of vital cellular processes including inflammation and adaptive immunity, host defense, lipid metabolism and storage, mitochondrial homeostasis, and clearance of aggregated proteins, all which may be of significance in human disease. Autophagy can exert both maladaptive and adaptive roles in disease pathogenesis, which may also be influenced by autophagy impairment. This review highlights the essential roles of autophagy in human diseases, with a focus on diseases in which oxidative stress or inflammation play key roles, including human lung, liver, kidney and heart diseases, metabolic diseases, and diseases of the cardiovascular and neural systems. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Investigations that further elucidate the complex role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of disease will facilitate targeting this pathway for therapies in specific diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan W. Ryter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Divya Bhatia
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Mary E. Choi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
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Li H, Xin C, Zhang G, Han X, Qin W, Zhang CW, Yu C, Jing S, Li L, Huang W. A mitochondria-targeted two-photon fluorogenic probe for the dual-imaging of viscosity and H2O2 levels in Parkinson's disease models. J Mater Chem B 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00576e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Novel two-photon fluorogenic probe could simultaneously monitor changes in the mitochondrial viscosity and H2O2 levels using two different channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Chenqi Xin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Gaobin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Xisi Han
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Qin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Cheng-wu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Changmin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Su Jing
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE)
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He J, Zhong W, Zhang M, Zhang R, Hu W. P38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase and Parkinson's Disease. Transl Neurosci 2018; 9:147-153. [PMID: 30473884 PMCID: PMC6234472 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2018-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease, the second major neurodegenerative disease, has created a great impact on the elder people. Although the mechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease are not fully understood, considerable evidence suggests that neuro-inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis are involved in the disease. p38MAPK, an important member of the mitogen-activated protein family, controls several important functions in the cell, suggesting a potential pathogenic role in PD. This review provides a brief description of the role and mechanism of p38MAPK in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying He
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenwen Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Rongping Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Weiyan Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Monash Immune Regeneration and Neuroscience Laboratories, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Williams ET, Chen X, Moore DJ. VPS35, the Retromer Complex and Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2018; 7:219-233. [PMID: 28222538 PMCID: PMC5438477 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-161020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the vacuolar protein sorting 35 ortholog (VPS35) gene encoding a core component of the retromer complex, have recently emerged as a new cause of late-onset, autosomal dominant familial Parkinson’s disease (PD). A single missense mutation, AspD620Asn (D620N), has so far been unambiguously identified to cause PD in multiple individuals and families worldwide. The exact molecular mechanism(s) by which VPS35 mutations induce progressive neurodegeneration in PD are not yet known. Understanding these mechanisms, as well as the perturbed cellular pathways downstream of mutant VPS35, is important for the development of appropriate therapeutic strategies. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge surrounding VPS35 and its role in PD. We provide a critical discussion of the emerging data regarding the mechanisms underlying mutant VPS35-mediated neurodegeneration gleaned from genetic cell and animal models and highlight recent advances that may provide insight into the interplay between VPS35 and several other PD-linked gene products (i.e. α-synuclein, LRRK2 and parkin) in PD. Present data support a role for perturbed VPS35 and retromer function in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin T Williams
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.,Van Andel Institute Graduate School, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Darren J Moore
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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Wilson LR, Panda S, Schmidt AC, Sombers LA. Selective and Mechanically Robust Sensors for Electrochemical Measurements of Real-Time Hydrogen Peroxide Dynamics in Vivo. Anal Chem 2018; 90:888-895. [PMID: 29191006 PMCID: PMC5750107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an endogenous molecule that plays several important roles in brain function: it is generated in cellular respiration, serves as a modulator of dopaminergic signaling, and its presence can indicate the upstream production of more aggressive reactive oxygen species (ROS). H2O2 has been implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), creating a critical need to identify mechanisms by which H2O2 modulates cellular processes in general and how it affects the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway, in particular. Furthermore, there is broad interest in selective electrochemical quantification of H2O2, because it is often enzymatically generated at biosensors as a reporter for the presence of nonelectroactive target molecules. H2O2 fluctuations can be monitored in real time using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) coupled with carbon-fiber microelectrodes. However, selective identification is a critical issue when working in the presence of other molecules that generate similar voltammograms, such as adenosine and histamine. We have addressed this problem by fabricating a robust, H2O2-selective electrode. 1,3-Phenylenediamine (mPD) was electrodeposited on a carbon-fiber microelectrode to create a size-exclusion membrane, rendering the electrode sensitive to H2O2 fluctuations and pH shifts but not to other commonly studied neurochemicals. The electrodes are described and characterized herein. The data demonstrate that this technology can be used to ensure the selective detection of H2O2, enabling confident characterization of the role this molecule plays in normal physiological function as well as in the progression of PD and other neuropathies involving oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie R. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Sambit Panda
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Andreas C. Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Leslie A. Sombers
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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Sirtuins as Modifiers of Huntington's Disease (HD) Pathology. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 154:105-145. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Díaz-Casado ME, Rusanova I, Aranda P, Fernández-Ortiz M, Sayed RKA, Fernández-Gil BI, Hidalgo-Gutiérrez A, Escames G, López LC, Acuña-Castroviejo D. In Vivo Determination of Mitochondrial Respiration in 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine-Treated Zebrafish Reveals the Efficacy of Melatonin in Restoring Mitochondrial Normalcy. Zebrafish 2017; 15:15-26. [PMID: 29185873 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2017.1479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although mitochondria dysfunction is related to multiple diseases, no in vivo studies are available on mitochondrial respiration in animal parkinsonian models. Our aim is to analyze in vivo mitochondrial respiration, which reflects changes in mitochondrial bioenergetics more precisely than in vitro mitochondrial preparations. These experiments can be carried out in zebrafish embryos, which were treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) from 24 to 72 hours postfertilization (hpf). A reduction in electron transfer system capacity, ATP turnover, and increased proton leak were observed at 72 hpf in MPTP-treated embryos. These changes were followed by a significant oxidative stress due to inhibition in antioxidative defense and autophagy impairment. After removing MPTP from the treatment at 72 hpf, these bioenergetic deficiencies persisted up to 120 hpf. The administration of melatonin to zebrafish embryos at 72 hpf, when mitochondrial dysfunction is already present, restored the respiratory capacity and ATP production, reduced oxidative stress, and normalized autophagy after 48 h. Melatonin also counteracted mortality and embryonic malformations due to MPTP. Our results confirm for the first time the efficacy of melatonin in restoring parkinsonian phenotypes in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Díaz-Casado
- 1 Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada , Granada, Spain .,2 Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada , Granada, Spain
| | - Iryna Rusanova
- 1 Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada , Granada, Spain .,2 Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada , Granada, Spain
| | - Paula Aranda
- 1 Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada , Granada, Spain .,2 Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada , Granada, Spain
| | - Marisol Fernández-Ortiz
- 1 Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada , Granada, Spain .,2 Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada , Granada, Spain
| | - Ramy K A Sayed
- 1 Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada , Granada, Spain .,3 Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University , Sohag, Egypt
| | - Beatriz I Fernández-Gil
- 1 Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada , Granada, Spain .,2 Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada , Granada, Spain
| | - Agustín Hidalgo-Gutiérrez
- 1 Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada , Granada, Spain .,2 Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada , Granada, Spain
| | - Germaine Escames
- 1 Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada , Granada, Spain .,2 Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada , Granada, Spain
| | - Luis C López
- 1 Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada , Granada, Spain .,2 Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada , Granada, Spain
| | - Darío Acuña-Castroviejo
- 1 Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada , Granada, Spain .,2 Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada , Granada, Spain .,4 Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Laboratorios Clínicos, CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento, Ibs.Granada, Complejo Hospitalario de Granada , Granada, Spain
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Liu XL, Wang YD, Yu XM, Li DW, Li GR. Mitochondria-mediated damage to dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (Review). Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:615-623. [PMID: 29207041 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are important organelles in virtually all eukaryotic cells, and are involved in a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Besides the generation of cellular energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate, mitochondria are also involved in calcium homeostasis, reactive oxygen species production and the activation of the intrinsic cell death pathway, thus determining cell survival and death. Mitochondrial abnormalities have been implicated in a wide range of disorders, including neurodegenerative disease such as Parkinson's disease (PD), and considered as a primary cause and central event responsible for the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in PD. Thus, reversion or attenuation of mitochondrial dysfunction should alleviate the severity or progression of the disease. The present review systematically summarizes the possible mechanisms associated with mitochondria‑mediated dopaminergic neuron damage in PD, in an attempt to elucidate the requirement for further studies for the development of effective PD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Liang Liu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 132021, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Di Wang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Tumor Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Ming Yu
- Department of Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132000, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Ren Li
- Department of Neurology, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Trehalose Inhibits A53T Mutant α-Synuclein Overexpression and Neurotoxicity in Transduced PC12 Cells. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22081293. [PMID: 28786917 PMCID: PMC6152154 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrillar accumulation of A53T mutant α-synuclein (A53T-AS) in Lewy bodies is a symptom of Parkinsonism. Inhibitions of the overexpression and fibrillar aggregation of α-synuclein (AS) in vivo could be a promising strategy for treating Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this study, at concentrations lower than 1 mM, trehalose decreased the A53T-AS expression level in transduced PC12 cells. Although H2O2 and aluminum ions increased the expression level and neurotoxicity of A53T-AS in cells, proper trehalose concentrations inhibited the event. These studies adequately prove that trehalose at an appropriate dose would be potentially useful for PD treatment.
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Hao XM, Li LD, Duan CL, Li YJ. Neuroprotective effect of α-mangostin on mitochondrial dysfunction and α-synuclein aggregation in rotenone-induced model of Parkinson's disease in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2017; 19:833-845. [PMID: 28696167 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2017.1339349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of α-mangostin and explore its mechanism in an in vitro model of Parkinson's disease (PD) induced by rotenone. SH-SY5Y cells were treated with rotenone and α-mangostin for 24 h. α-Mangostin significantly and concentration-dependently inhibited rotenone-induced cytotoxicity. The rotenone-induced aggregation of α-synuclein and loss of TH were alleviated by α-mangostin. α-Mangostin treatment also reversed the rotenone-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species, activation of caspases (-8 and -3) and mitochondrial dysfunction, reflected by decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and cellular ATP levels. These findings suggest that α-mangostin has neuroprotective effects against PD-related neuronal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Mei Hao
- a Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing 100029 , China
- b Laboratory of Academician, Experimental Research Center , China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing 100700 , China
| | - Lian-Da Li
- b Laboratory of Academician, Experimental Research Center , China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing 100700 , China
| | - Chang-Ling Duan
- c Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Yu-Juan Li
- b Laboratory of Academician, Experimental Research Center , China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing 100700 , China
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Anandhan A, Jacome MS, Lei S, Hernandez-Franco P, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI, Powers R, Franco R. Metabolic Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: Bioenergetics, Redox Homeostasis and Central Carbon Metabolism. Brain Res Bull 2017; 133:12-30. [PMID: 28341600 PMCID: PMC5555796 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the accumulation of protein inclusions (Lewy bodies) are the pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is triggered by genetic alterations, environmental/occupational exposures and aging. However, the exact molecular mechanisms linking these PD risk factors to neuronal dysfunction are still unclear. Alterations in redox homeostasis and bioenergetics (energy failure) are thought to be central components of neurodegeneration that contribute to the impairment of important homeostatic processes in dopaminergic cells such as protein quality control mechanisms, neurotransmitter release/metabolism, axonal transport of vesicles and cell survival. Importantly, both bioenergetics and redox homeostasis are coupled to neuro-glial central carbon metabolism. We and others have recently established a link between the alterations in central carbon metabolism induced by PD risk factors, redox homeostasis and bioenergetics and their contribution to the survival/death of dopaminergic cells. In this review, we focus on the link between metabolic dysfunction, energy failure and redox imbalance in PD, making an emphasis in the contribution of central carbon (glucose) metabolism. The evidence summarized here strongly supports the consideration of PD as a disorder of cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annadurai Anandhan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68516, United States; Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, United States
| | - Maria S Jacome
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68516, United States
| | - Shulei Lei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, United States
| | - Pablo Hernandez-Franco
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68516, United States; Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, United States
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Robert Powers
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, United States
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68516, United States; Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, United States.
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Koo JH, Cho JY. Treadmill Exercise Attenuates α-Synuclein Levels by Promoting Mitochondrial Function and Autophagy Possibly via SIRT1 in the Chronic MPTP/P-Induced Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease. Neurotox Res 2017; 32:473-486. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9770-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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40
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Salvatori I, Valle C, Ferri A, Carrì MT. SIRT3 and mitochondrial metabolism in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurochem Int 2017; 109:184-192. [PMID: 28449871 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The NAD+-dependent deacetylase protein Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is emerging among the factors playing a key role in the regulation of mitochondrial function and in the prevention of oxidative stress. This deacetylase activates protein substrates directly involved in the production and detoxification of ROS, such as superoxide dismutase 2 and catalase, but also enzymes in the lipid beta-oxidation pathway. In this paper we review existing evidence on the role of SIRT3 in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington disease, including data from new experiments in a model for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis linked to mutations in superoxide dismutase 1. Specifically, we report that expression of the mitochondrial isoform of SIRT3 is altered in muscle from the G93A-SOD1 mice during progression of disease; this alteration influences mitochondrial metabolism, which may be relevant for the well known energetic alterations taking place in ALS patients. These data reinforce the concept that SIRT3 may be a relevant therapeutic target is ALS as well as in other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristiana Valle
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Institute for Cell Biology and Neurobiology, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Ferri
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Institute for Cell Biology and Neurobiology, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Carrì
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor alleviated 6-OHDA-induced cell damage via ROS-AMPK/mTOR mediated autophagic inhibition. Exp Gerontol 2017; 89:45-56. [PMID: 28099881 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy and apoptosis are commonly involved in the dopaminergic neuron damage in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Recently, the autophagy pathway is thought to be critical to the process of PD. Therefore, the regulation of autophagy may be a potential strategy for PD treatment. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) has been reported to have neuroprotective effects through anti-apoptosis, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms in PD. In this study, we investigated the role of autophagy system in MANF-mediated neuroprotection against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced neurotoxicity. Our results showed that MANF protected SH-SY5Y cells against 6-OHDA-induced cell viability decrease and apoptosis by inhibiting autophagy. Mitochondrion damage and energetic dysfunction triggered by reactive oxidative stress (ROS) accumulation were also alleviated by MANF treatment. Furthermore, MANF downregulated phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a cellular energy sensor and regulator, but upregulated phosphorylation of Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) under energy depletion conditions, indicating AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway is involved in the autophagic inhibition of MANF. These results suggest that autophagic inhibition provides protective mechanism of MANF in 6-OHDA-induced SH-SY5Y cell death and this inhibition is associated with AMPK/mTOR pathway.
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Requejo-Aguilar R, Bolaños JP. Mitochondrial control of cell bioenergetics in Parkinson's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 100:123-137. [PMID: 27091692 PMCID: PMC5065935 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The earliest biochemical signs of the disease involve failure in mitochondrial-endoplasmic reticulum cross talk and lysosomal function, mitochondrial electron chain impairment, mitochondrial dynamics alterations, and calcium and iron homeostasis abnormalities. These changes are associated with increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) and energy deficiency. Recently, it has been reported that, as an attempt to compensate for the mitochondrial dysfunction, neurons invoke glycolysis as a low-efficient mode of energy production in models of PD. Here, we review how mitochondria orchestrate the maintenance of cellular energetic status in PD, with special focus on the switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, as well as the implication of endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes in the control of bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Requejo-Aguilar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Institute Maimonides of Biomedical Investigation of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan P Bolaños
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), University of Salamanca-CSIC, Zacarias Gonzalez, 2, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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43
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Demyanenko SV, Panchenko SN, Uzdensky AB. Expression of neuronal and signaling proteins in penumbra around a photothrombotic infarction core in rat cerebral cortex. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2016; 80:790-9. [PMID: 26531025 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915060152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic impact on animal cerebral cortex using water-soluble Bengal Rose as a photosensitizer, which does not cross the blood-brain barrier and remains in blood vessels, induces platelet aggregation, vessel occlusion, and brain tissue infarction. This reproduces ischemic stroke. Irreversible cell damage within the infarction core propagates to adjacent tissue and forms a transition zone - the penumbra. Tissue necrosis in the infarction core is too fast (minutes) to be prevented, but much slower penumbral injury (hours) can be limited. We studied the changes in morphology and protein expression profile in penumbra 1 h after local photothrombotic infarction induced by laser irradiation of the cerebral cortex after Bengal Rose administration. Morphological study using standard hematoxylin/eosin staining showed a 3-mm infarct core surrounded by 1.5-2.0 mm penumbra. Morphological changes in the penumbra were lesser and decreased towards its periphery. Antibody microarrays against 224 neuronal and signaling proteins were used for proteomic study. The observed upregulation of penumbra proteins involved in maintaining neurite integrity and guidance (NAV3, MAP1, CRMP2, PMP22); intercellular interactions (N-cadherin); synaptic transmission (glutamate decarboxylase, tryptophan hydroxylase, Munc-18-1, Munc-18-3, and synphilin-1); mitochondria quality control and mitophagy (PINK1 and Parkin); ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and tissue clearance (UCHL1, PINK1, Parkin, synphilin-1); and signaling proteins (PKBα and ERK5) could be associated with tissue recovery. Downregulation of PKC, PKCβ1/2, and TDP-43 could also reduce tissue injury. These changes in expression of some neuronal proteins were directed mainly to protection and tissue recovery in the penumbra. Some upregulated proteins might serve as markers of protection processes in a penumbra.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Demyanenko
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia.
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Takahashi K, Ohsawa I, Shirasawa T, Takahashi M. Early-onset motor impairment and increased accumulation of phosphorylated α-synuclein in the motor cortex of normal aging mice are ameliorated by coenzyme Q. Exp Gerontol 2016; 81:65-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Tang BL. Sirtuins as modifiers of Parkinson's disease pathology. J Neurosci Res 2016; 95:930-942. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bor Luen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore; Singapore
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Zhang H, Liu J, Wang X, Duan C, Wang X, Yang H. V63 and N65 of overexpressed α-synuclein are involved in mitochondrial dysfunction. Brain Res 2016; 1642:308-318. [PMID: 27048753 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. α-Synuclein (α-Syn)-encoded by SNCA, the first-identified PD-related gene-is the main component of Lewy bodies, which are a pathological hallmark of PD. We previously reported that α-Syn accumulates in mitochondria in PD, causing mitochondrial abnormalities and disrupting mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and mitochondrial potential transition pore (mPTP) opening by interacting with the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) and adenine nucleotide translocator. However, the mechanistic basis of mitochondrial impairment caused by α-Syn has yet to be elucidated. It has been suggested that the amino acid residues Q62, V63, and N65 of α-Syn are important for the interaction of the protein with membranes. To investigate whether this underlies the mitochondrial dysfunction induced by α-Syn overexpression, we mutated these residues to alanine and transfected HEK293T and MN9D cells with the mutated forms of α-Syn protein. The V63A and N65A mutations prevented mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload and Δψm dysregulation as well as complex I inactivation and reactive oxygen species production while blocking mPTP opening and caspase 9 activation, possibly by reducing α-Syn accumulation in mitochondria. These results indicate that V63 and N65 are critical residues mediating mitochondrial inactivation. These findings provide novel insight into the molecular events contributing to PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Zhang
- Center of Parkinson's Disease Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of, Education, Department of Neurobiology Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Center of Parkinson's Disease Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of, Education, Department of Neurobiology Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Center of Parkinson's Disease Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of, Education, Department of Neurobiology Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chunli Duan
- Center of Parkinson's Disease Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of, Education, Department of Neurobiology Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Center of Parkinson's Disease Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of, Education, Department of Neurobiology Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Center of Parkinson's Disease Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of, Education, Department of Neurobiology Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Altered Mitochondrial Respiration and Other Features of Mitochondrial Function in Parkin-Mutant Fibroblasts from Parkinson's Disease Patients. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2016; 2016:1819209. [PMID: 27034887 PMCID: PMC4807059 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1819209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the parkin gene are the most common cause of early-onset Parkinson's disease (PD). Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is involved in respiratory chain function, mitophagy, and mitochondrial dynamics. Human cellular models with parkin null mutations are particularly valuable for investigating the mitochondrial functions of parkin. However, published results reporting on patient-derived parkin-mutant fibroblasts have been inconsistent. This study aimed to functionally compare parkin-mutant fibroblasts from PD patients with wild-type control fibroblasts using a variety of assays to gain a better understanding of the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in PD. To this end, dermal fibroblasts were obtained from three PD patients with homozygous whole exon deletions in parkin and three unaffected controls. Assays of mitochondrial respiration, mitochondrial network integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cell growth were performed as informative markers of mitochondrial function. Surprisingly, it was found that mitochondrial respiratory rates were markedly higher in the parkin-mutant fibroblasts compared to control fibroblasts (p = 0.0093), while exhibiting more fragmented mitochondrial networks (p = 0.0304). Moreover, cell growth of the parkin-mutant fibroblasts was significantly higher than that of controls (p = 0.0001). These unanticipated findings are suggestive of a compensatory mechanism to preserve mitochondrial function and quality control in the absence of parkin in fibroblasts, which warrants further investigation.
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Nicolson GL, de Mattos GF, Settineri R, Costa C, Ellithorpe R, Rosenblatt S, La Valle J, Jimenez A, Ohta S. Clinical Effects of Hydrogen Administration: From Animal and Human Diseases to Exercise Medicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/ijcm.2016.71005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Costantini A, Pala MI, Grossi E, Mondonico S, Cardelli LE, Jenner C, Proietti S, Colangeli M, Fancellu R. Long-Term Treatment with High-Dose Thiamine in Parkinson Disease: An Open-Label Pilot Study. J Altern Complement Med 2015; 21:740-7. [PMID: 26505466 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2014.0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the potential clinical, restorative, and neuroprotective effects of long-term treatment with thiamine in Parkinson disease (PD). DESIGN Observational open-label pilot study. SETTING Outpatient neurologic rehabilitation clinic. PATIENTS AND METHODS Starting in June 2012, we have recruited 50 patients with PD (33 men and 17 women; mean age, 70.4 ± 12.9 years; mean disease duration, 7.3 ± 6.7 years). All the patients were assessed at baseline with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and began treatment with 100 mg of thiamine administered intramuscularly twice a week, without any change to personal therapy. All the patients were re-evaluated after 1 month and then every 3 months during treatment. RESULTS Thiamine treatment led to significant improvement of motor and nonmotor symptoms: mean UPDRS scores (parts I-IV) improved from 38.55 ± 15.24 to 18.16 ± 15.08 (p = 2.4 × 10(-14), t test for paired data) within 3 months and remained stable over time; motor UPDRS part III score improved from 22.01 ± 8.57 to 9.92 ± 8.66 (p = 3.1 × 10(-22)). Some patients with a milder phenotype had complete clinical recovery. FSS scores, in six patients who had fatigue, improved from 53.00 ± 8.17 to 23.60 ± 7.77 (p < 0.0001, t test for paired data). Follow-up duration ranged from 95 to 831 days (mean, 291.6 ± 207.2 days). CONCLUSIONS Administration of parenteral high-dose thiamine was effective in reversing PD motor and nonmotor symptoms. The clinical improvement was stable over time in all the patients. From our clinical evidence, we hypothesize that a dysfunction of thiamine-dependent metabolic processes could cause selective neural damage in the centers typically affected by this disease and might be a fundamental molecular event provoking neurodegeneration. Thiamine could have both restorative and neuroprotective action in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Costantini
- 1 Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Villa Immacolata Clinic , Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maria Immacolata Pala
- 1 Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Villa Immacolata Clinic , Viterbo, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Carina Jenner
- 1 Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Villa Immacolata Clinic , Viterbo, Italy
| | - Sabrina Proietti
- 1 Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Villa Immacolata Clinic , Viterbo, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Fancellu
- 6 Unit of Neurology, IRCCS San Martino University Hospital IST , Genoa, Italy
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50
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Oueslati A, Lovisa B, Perrin J, Wagnières G, van den Bergh H, Tardy Y, Lashuel HA. Photobiomodulation Suppresses Alpha-Synuclein-Induced Toxicity in an AAV-Based Rat Genetic Model of Parkinson's Disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140880. [PMID: 26484876 PMCID: PMC4617694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Converging lines of evidence indicate that near-infrared light treatment, also known as photobiomodulation (PBM), may exert beneficial effects and protect against cellular toxicity and degeneration in several animal models of human pathologies, including neurodegenerative disorders. In the present study, we report that chronic PMB treatment mitigates dopaminergic loss induced by unilateral overexpression of human α-synuclein (α-syn) in the substantia nigra of an AAV-based rat genetic model of Parkinson's disease (PD). In this model, daily exposure of both sides of the rat's head to 808-nm near-infrared light for 28 consecutive days alleviated α-syn-induced motor impairment, as assessed using the cylinder test. This treatment also significantly reduced dopaminergic neuronal loss in the injected substantia nigra and preserved dopaminergic fibers in the ipsilateral striatum. These beneficial effects were sustained for at least 6 weeks after discontinuing the treatment. Together, our data point to PBM as a possible therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PD and other related synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Oueslati
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de Québec, Axe Neuroscience et Département de Médecine Moléculaire de l'Université Laval, Québec, G1V4G2, Canada
- * E-mail: (HAL); (AO)
| | - Blaise Lovisa
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Medos International Sàrl, a Johnson&Johnson company, Chemin Blanc 38, CH-2400, Le Locle, Switzerland
| | - John Perrin
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Georges Wagnières
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hubert van den Bergh
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yanik Tardy
- Medos International Sàrl, a Johnson&Johnson company, Chemin Blanc 38, CH-2400, Le Locle, Switzerland
| | - Hilal A. Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar
- * E-mail: (HAL); (AO)
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