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Haskell A, White BP, Rogers RE, Goebel E, Lopez MG, Syvyk AE, de Oliveira DA, Barreda HA, Benton J, Benavides OR, Dalal S, Bae E, Zhang Y, Maitland K, Nikolov Z, Liu F, Lee RH, Kaunas R, Gregory CA. Scalable manufacture of therapeutic mesenchymal stromal cell products on customizable microcarriers in vertical wheel bioreactors that improve direct visualization, product harvest, and cost. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:372-382. [PMID: 38363250 PMCID: PMC11057043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) and their secreted products show great promise for treatment of musculoskeletal injury and inflammatory or immune diseases. However, the path to clinical utilization is hampered by donor-tissue variation and the inability to manufacture clinically relevant yields of cells or their products in a cost-effective manner. Previously we described a method to produce chemically and mechanically customizable gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) microcarriers for culture of hMSCs. Herein, we demonstrate scalable GelMA microcarrier-mediated expansion of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived hMSCs (ihMSCs) in 500 mL and 3L vertical wheel bioreactors, offering several advantages over conventional microcarrier and monolayer-based expansion strategies. METHODS Human mesenchymal stromal cells derived from induced pluripotent cells were cultured on custom-made spherical gelatin methacryloyl microcarriers in single-use vertical wheel bioreactors (PBS Biotech). Cell-laden microcarriers were visualized using confocal microscopy and elastic light scattering methodologies. Cells were assayed for viability and differentiation potential in vitro by standard methods. Osteogenic cell matrix derived from cells was tested in vitro for osteogenic healing using a rodent calvarial defect assay. Immune modulation was assayed with an in vivo peritonitis model using Zymozan A. RESULTS The optical properties of GelMA microcarriers permit noninvasive visualization of cells with elastic light scattering modalities, and harvest of product is streamlined by microcarrier digestion. At volumes above 500 mL, the process is significantly more cost-effective than monolayer culture. Osteogenic cell matrix derived from ihMSCs expanded on GelMA microcarriers exhibited enhanced in vivo bone regenerative capacity when compared to bone morphogenic protein 2, and the ihMSCs exhibited superior immunosuppressive properties in vivo when compared to monolayer-generated ihMSCs. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the cell expansion strategy described here represents a superior approach for efficient generation, monitoring and harvest of therapeutic MSCs and their products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Haskell
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Berkley P White
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Robert E Rogers
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Erin Goebel
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Megan G Lopez
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew E Syvyk
- National Center for Therapeutics Manufacturing, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Daniela A de Oliveira
- National Center for Therapeutics Manufacturing, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA; Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Heather A Barreda
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Joshua Benton
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Oscar R Benavides
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Sujata Dalal
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - EunHye Bae
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Kristen Maitland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA; Imaging Program, Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Zivko Nikolov
- National Center for Therapeutics Manufacturing, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA; Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Ryang Hwa Lee
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Roland Kaunas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
| | - Carl A Gregory
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA.
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Liao H, Gao D, Kong C, Junaid M, Li Y, Chen X, Zheng Q, Chen G, Wang J. Trophic transfer of nanoplastics and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in a freshwater food chain (Chlorella Pyrenoidosa-Daphnia magna-Micropterus salmoides) induced disturbance of lipid metabolism in fish. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132294. [PMID: 37591169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) are ubiquitous emerging contaminants that are transferred among organisms through food chain in the ecosystem. This study evaluated the trophic transfer of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) and DEHP in a food chain including Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Daphnia magna and Micropterus salmoides (algae-crustacean-fish) and lipid metabolism at a higher trophic level in fish. Our results showed that the PSNPs and DEHP accumulated in C. pyrenoidosa or D. magna were transferred to the M. salmoides, of which the DEHP were not biomagnified, while the PSNPs were trophically amplified by the food chain. It is suggested that more PSNPs might be accumulated by higher level consumers in a longer food chain. Additionally, the trophic transfer of PSNPs and DEHP resulted in antioxidant response and histopathological damage in M. salmoides. Moreover, the lipid biochemical parameters and lipid metabolism related genes (fasn, hsl, cpt1a, atgl, apob, fabp1, lpl, cetp) of M. salmoides were significantly affected, which indicated disturbance of lipid metabolism. This study offers great insight into the transfer of contaminants by trophic transfer and their negative effects on organisms at higher trophic levels, which cause human exposure to MNPs and organic contaminants in the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Liao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dandan Gao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chunmiao Kong
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ye Li
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xikun Chen
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qingzhi Zheng
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guanglong Chen
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 528478, China.
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3
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Lim JY, Kim E. The Role of Organokines in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes and Their Functions as Molecular Transducers of Nutrition and Exercise. Metabolites 2023; 13:979. [PMID: 37755259 PMCID: PMC10537761 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13090979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining systemic homeostasis requires the coordination of different organs and tissues in the body. Our bodies rely on complex inter-organ communications to adapt to perturbations or changes in metabolic homeostasis. Consequently, the liver, muscle, and adipose tissues produce and secrete specific organokines such as hepatokines, myokines, and adipokines in response to nutritional and environmental stimuli. Emerging evidence suggests that dysregulation of the interplay of organokines between organs is associated with the pathophysiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Strategies aimed at remodeling organokines may be effective therapeutic interventions. Diet modification and exercise have been established as the first-line therapeutic intervention to prevent or treat metabolic diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge on organokines secreted by the liver, muscle, and adipose tissues in obesity and T2D. Additionally, we highlighted the effects of diet/nutrition and exercise on the remodeling of organokines in obesity and T2D. Specifically, we investigated the ameliorative effects of caloric restriction, selective nutrients including ω3 PUFAs, selenium, vitamins, and metabolites of vitamins, and acute/chronic exercise on the dysregulation of organokines in obesity and T2D. Finally, this study dissected the underlying molecular mechanisms by which nutrition and exercise regulate the expression and secretion of organokines in specific tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ye Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eunju Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Bertoncini-Silva C, Zingg JM, Fassini PG, Suen VMM. Bioactive dietary components-Anti-obesity effects related to energy metabolism and inflammation. Biofactors 2022; 49:297-321. [PMID: 36468445 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is the result of the long-term energy imbalance between the excess calories consumed and the few calories expended. Reducing the intake of energy dense foods (fats, sugars), and strategies such as fasting and caloric restriction can promote body weight loss. Not only energy in terms of calories, but also the specific composition of the diet can affect the way the food is absorbed and how its energy is stored, used or dissipated. Recent research has shown that bioactive components of food, such as polyphenols and vitamins, can influence obesity and its pathologic complications such as insulin resistance, inflammation and metabolic syndrome. Individual micronutrients can influence lipid turnover but for long-term effects on weight stability, dietary patterns containing several micronutrients may be required. At the molecular level, these molecules modulate signaling and the expression of genes that are involved in the regulation of energy intake, lipid metabolism, adipogenesis into white, beige and brown adipose tissue, thermogenesis, lipotoxicity, adipo/cytokine synthesis, and inflammation. Higher concentrations of these molecules can be reached in the intestine, where they can modulate the composition and action of the microbiome. In this review, the molecular mechanisms by which bioactive compounds and vitamins modulate energy metabolism, inflammation and obesity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bertoncini-Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nutrology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean-Marc Zingg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Priscila Giacomo Fassini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nutrology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Marques Miguel Suen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nutrology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Chen J, You R, Lv Y, Liu H, Yang G. Conjugated linoleic acid regulates adipocyte fatty acid binding protein expression via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α signaling pathway and increases intramuscular fat content. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1029864. [PMID: 36523338 PMCID: PMC9745092 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1029864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) is correlated positively with meat tenderness, juiciness and taste that affected sensory meat quality. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been extensively researched to increase IMF content in animals, however, the regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) gene has been proposed as candidates for IMF accretion. The purpose of this study is to explore the molecular regulatory pathways of CLA on intramuscular fat deposition. Here, our results by cell lines indicated that CLA treatment promoted the expression of A-FABP through activated the transcription factor of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). Moreover, in an animal model, we discovered that dietary supplemental with CLA significantly enhanced IMF deposition by up-regulating the mRNA and protein expression of PPARα and A-FABP in the muscle tissues of mice. In addition, our current study also demonstrated that dietary CLA increased mRNA expression of genes and enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis and lipid metabolism the muscle tissues of mice. These findings suggest that CLA mainly increases the expression of A-FABP through PPARα signaling pathway and regulates the expression of genes and enzymes related to IMF deposition, thus increasing IMF content. These results contribute to better understanding the molecular mechanism of IMF accretion in animals for the improvement of meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Guoqing Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Gene Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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Chen B, Xiao W, Zou Z, Zhu J, Li D, Yu J, Yang H. Comparing Transcriptomes Reveals Key Metabolic Mechanisms in Superior Growth Performance Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Front Genet 2022; 13:879570. [PMID: 35903360 PMCID: PMC9322659 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.879570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic capacity is intrinsic to growth performance. To investigate superior growth performance in Nile tilapia, three full-sib families were bred and compared at the biochemical and transcriptome levels to determine metabolic mechanisms involved in significant growth differences between individuals under the same culture environment and feeding regime. Biochemical analysis showed that individuals in the higher growth group had significantly higher total protein, total triglyceride, total cholesterol, and high- and low-density lipoproteins, but significantly lower glucose, as compared with individuals in the lower growth group. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed 536 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were upregulated, and 622 DEGs were downregulated. These genes were significantly enriched in three key pathways: the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism, and cholesterol biosynthesis and metabolism. Conjoint analysis of these key pathways and the biochemical parameters suggests that Nile tilapia with superior growth performance have higher ability to consume energy substrates (e.g., glucose), as well as higher ability to biosynthesize fatty acids and cholesterol. Additionally, the fatty acids biosynthesized by the superior growth performance individuals were less active in the catabolic pathway overall, but were more active in the anabolic pathway, and might be used for triglyceride biosynthesis to store excess energy in the form of fat. Furthermore, the tilapia with superior growth performance had lower ability to convert cholesterol into bile acids, but higher ability to convert it into sterols. We discuss the molecular mechanisms of the three key metabolic pathways, map the pathways, and note key factors that may impact the growth of Nile tilapia. The results provide an important guide for the artificial selection and quality enhancement of superior growth performance in tilapia.
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7
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Zhao W, Cui X, Wang ZQ, Yao R, Xie SH, Gao BY, Zhang CW, Niu J. Beneficial Changes in Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Immune Response, Hepatic Health, and Flesh Quality of Trachinotus ovatus Fed With Oedocladium carolinianum. Front Immunol 2022; 13:940929. [PMID: 35860234 PMCID: PMC9289517 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.940929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility of astaxanthin-rich Oedocladium carolinianum as an immunostimulant in the diet for Trachinotus ovatus. Three experimental diets containing 0% (OC0), 1% (OC1), and 5% (OC5) O. carolinianum powder were formulated for 6-week feeding trials. The results indicated that the OC5 diet boosted the growth performance through decreasing the feed conversion ratio and increasing digestive enzyme activities and intestinal villus length. Meanwhile, fish fed with the OC5 diet promoted antioxidant ability via stimulating the Nrf2-ARE signal pathway and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities. Furthermore, the OC5 diet exerted hepatoprotective effects by suppressing the lipid deposition and inflammation response and enhancing the transport capacity of cholesterol. Besides, the OC5 diet improved the non-specific immunity by activating the lysozyme and complement system and increasing the nitric oxide content and total nitric oxide synthase activity. Dietary O. carolinianum supplementation promoted the deposition of astaxanthin in the whole body. Therefore, a diet supplemented with 5% O. carolinianum is recommended to boost the growth, antioxidant capacity, immune response, and flesh quality of T. ovatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- State key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Hydrobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Cui
- State key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Qiao Wang
- State key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Yao
- State key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Hua Xie
- State key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bao-Yan Gao
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Hydrobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Wu Zhang
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Hydrobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Cheng-Wu Zhang, ; Jin Niu, ;
| | - Jin Niu
- State key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Cheng-Wu Zhang, ; Jin Niu, ;
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Gu Y, Bai J, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Pan R, Dong Y, Cui H, Xiao X. Transcriptomics reveals the anti-obesity mechanism of Lactobacillus plantarum fermented barley extract. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wu Z, Rao S, Li J, Ding N, Chen J, Feng L, Ma S, Hu C, Dai H, Wen L, Jiang Q, Deng J, Deng M, Tan C. Dietary adenosine 5’-monophosphate supplementation increases food intake and remodels energy expenditure in mice. Food Nutr Res 2022; 66:7680. [PMID: 35844957 PMCID: PMC9250134 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v66.7680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifang Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sujuan Rao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, 510623, China
| | - Jianzhao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuo Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengjun Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Haonan Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lijun Wen
- Guangdong Hinabiotech Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinping Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Ming Deng,
| | - Ming Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Ming Deng,
| | - Chengquan Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Chengquan Tan, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
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Casana E, Jimenez V, Jambrina C, Sacristan V, Muñoz S, Rodo J, Grass I, Garcia M, Mallol C, León X, Casellas A, Sánchez V, Franckhauser S, Ferré T, Marcó S, Bosch F. AAV-mediated BMP7 gene therapy counteracts insulin resistance and obesity. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 25:190-204. [PMID: 35434177 PMCID: PMC8983313 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and obesity are strongly associated and are a major health problem worldwide. Obesity largely results from a sustained imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Therapeutic approaches targeting metabolic rate may counteract body weight gain and insulin resistance. Bone morphogenic protein 7 (BMP7) has proven to enhance energy expenditure by inducing non-shivering thermogenesis in short-term studies in mice treated with the recombinant protein or adenoviral vectors encoding BMP7. To achieve long-term BMP7 effects, the use of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors would provide sustained production of the protein after a single administration. Here, we demonstrated that treatment of high-fat-diet-fed mice and ob/ob mice with liver-directed AAV-BMP7 vectors enabled a long-lasting increase in circulating levels of this factor. This rise in BMP7 concentration induced browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) and activation of brown adipose tissue, which enhanced energy expenditure, and reversed WAT hypertrophy, hepatic steatosis, and WAT and liver inflammation, ultimately resulting in normalization of body weight and insulin resistance. This study highlights the potential of AAV-BMP7-mediated gene therapy for the treatment of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Casana
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Veronica Jimenez
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Jambrina
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Sacristan
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Muñoz
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Rodo
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Grass
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Garcia
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Mallol
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier León
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Casellas
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Sánchez
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sylvie Franckhauser
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tura Ferré
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Marcó
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fatima Bosch
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Townsend KL, Pritchard E, Coburn JM, Kwon YM, Blaszkiewicz M, Lynes MD, Kaplan DL, Tseng YH. Silk Hydrogel-Mediated Delivery of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 Directly to Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue Increases Browning and Energy Expenditure. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:884601. [PMID: 35646839 PMCID: PMC9135469 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.884601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Increasing the mass and/or activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) is one promising avenue for treating obesity and related metabolic conditions, given that BAT has a high potential for energy expenditure and is capable of improving glucose and lipid homeostasis. BAT occurs either in discrete "classical" depots, or interspersed in white adipose tissue (WAT), termed "inducible/recruitable" BAT, or 'beige/brite' adipocytes. We and others have demonstrated that bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) induces brown adipogenesis in committed and uncommitted progenitor cells, resulting in increased energy expenditure and reduced weight gain in mice. BMP7 is therefore a reliable growth factor to induce browning of WAT. Methods: In this study, we sought to deliver BMP7 specifically to subcutaneous (sc)WAT in order to induce tissue-resident progenitor cells to differentiate into energy-expending recruitable brown adipocytes, without off-target effects like bone formation, which can occur when BMPs are in the presence of bone progenitor cells (outside of WAT). BMP7 delivery directly to WAT may also promote tissue innervation, or directly activate mitochondrial activity in brown adipocytes, as we have demonstrated previously. We utilized silk protein in the form of an injectable hydrogel carrying BMP7. Silk scaffolds are useful for in vivo delivery of substances due to favorable material properties, including controlled release of therapeutic proteins in an active form, biocompatibility with minimal immunogenic response, and prior FDA approval for some medical materials. For this study, the silk was engineered to meet desirable release kinetics for BMP7 in order to mimic our prior in vitro brown adipocyte differentiation studies. Fluorescently-labeled silk hydrogel loaded with BMP7 was directly injected into WAT through the skin and monitored by non-invasive in vivo whole body imaging, including in UCP1-luciferase reporter mice, thereby enabling an approach that is translatable to humans. Results: Injection of the BMP7-loaded silk hydrogels into the subcutaneous WAT of mice resulted in "browning", including the development of multilocular, uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-positive brown adipocytes, and an increase in whole-body energy expenditure and skin temperature. In diet-induced obese mice, BMP7-loaded silk delivery to subcutaneous WAT resulted in less weight gain, reduced circulating glucose and lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER). Conclusions: In summary, BMP7 delivery via silk scaffolds directly into scWAT is a novel translational approach to increase browning and energy expenditure, and represents a potential therapeutic avenue for delivering substances directly to adipose depots in pursuit of metabolic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy L. Townsend
- Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States,*Correspondence: Kristy L. Townsend, ; Yu-Hua Tseng,
| | - Eleanor Pritchard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Jeannine M. Coburn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Young Mi Kwon
- Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Magdalena Blaszkiewicz
- Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Matthew D. Lynes
- Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Kristy L. Townsend, ; Yu-Hua Tseng,
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12
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Huo Y, Zhao G, Li J, Wang R, Ren F, Li Y, Wang X. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis A6 Enhances Fatty Acid β-Oxidation of Adipose Tissue to Ameliorate the Development of Obesity in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030598. [PMID: 35276956 PMCID: PMC8839083 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) is confirmed to be impaired in obesity, especially in adipose tissues. We previously proved that Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis A6 (BAA6) had protective effects against diet-induced obesity. However, whether BAA6 enhances FAO to ameliorate the development of obesity has not been explored. After being fed with high-fat diet (HFD) for 9 weeks, male C57BL/6J mice were fed HFD or BAA6 for 8 weeks. In vitro study was carried out using 3T3-L1 adipocytes to determine the effect of BAA6 culture supernatant (BAA6-CM). Here, we showed that administration of BAA6 to mice fed with HFD decreased body weight gain (by 5.03 g) and significantly up-regulated FAO in epididymal adipose tissues. In parallel, FAO in 3T3-L1 cells was increased after BAA6-CM treatment. Acetate was identified as a constituent of BAA6-CM that showed a similar effect to BAA6-CM. Furthermore, acetate treatment activated the GPR43-PPARα signaling, thereby promoting FAO in 3T3-L1 cells. The levels of acetate were also elevated in serum and feces (by 1.92- and 2.27-fold) of HFD-fed mice following BAA6 administration. The expression levels of GPR43 and PPARα were increased by 55.45% and 69.84% after BAA6 supplement in the epididymal fat of mice. Together, these data reveal that BAA6 promotes FAO of adipose tissues through the GPR43-PPARα signaling, mainly by increasing acetate levels, leading to alleviating the development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiong Huo
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.H.); (F.R.); (Y.L.)
| | - Guoping Zhao
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (G.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jinwang Li
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (G.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Ran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-Constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.H.); (F.R.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-Constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Yixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.H.); (F.R.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-Constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.H.); (F.R.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6273-6344
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13
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Zhang Y, Cai Y, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zeng Y, Fan C, Zou S, Wu C, Fang S, Li P, Lin X, Wang L, Guan M. Brown adipose tissue transplantation ameliorates diabetic nephropathy through the miR-30b pathway by targeting Runx1. Metabolism 2021; 125:154916. [PMID: 34666067 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adipose tissue is a major source of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) that can regulate target genes in distant organs. However, the role of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is still unknown. We studied the original BAT miR-30b targeting two key fibrotic regulators, Runt-related transcription factor 1 (Runx1) and snail family zinc finger 1 (Snail1), to combat DKD. METHODS First, we transplanted healthy BAT from normal mouse donors into diabetic mice (induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin injection). In vitro, we observed extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from brown adipocytes. AgomiR-30b was directly administered to the BAT of diabetic mice twice weekly for 4 consecutive weeks. Next, the role of Runx1 in DKD was determined by using siRUNX1 or pCMV-RUNX1 in HK-2 cells and in diabetic mice treated with AAV9-U6-shRunx1 or AAV9-EF1a-Runx1. RESULTS BAT transplantation reactivated endogenous BAT activity in diabetic mice, increased circulating miR-30b levels and significantly ameliorated DKD. In TGFβ1-treated HK-2 cells, miR-30b expression was significantly suppressed. miR-30b overexpression markedly decreased fibronectin and downregulated Runx1 and Snail1 expression, while silencing of miR-30b had the opposite effects. Next, Runx1 knockdown and overexpression mimicked the above phenotype of miR-30b mimics and inhibitors, respectively, both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, Runx1 promoted TGFβ1-induced fibrosis by upregulating the PI3K pathway. CONCLUSION BAT-derived miRNAs might be a promising target for kidney protection in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yingying Cai
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; Department of Birth Control, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Jiajun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518116, China
| | - Yanmei Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Cunxia Fan
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570311, China
| | - Shaozhou Zou
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, TungWah Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong 523111, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Shu Fang
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, China
| | - Xiaochun Lin
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Meiping Guan
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
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14
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Feng C, Liu W, Chen H, Dong W, Yang J. Effect of dark environment on intestinal flora and expression of genes related to liver metabolism in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 249:109100. [PMID: 34174412 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To explore the effects of dark environment on intestinal flora and expression of genes related to liver metabolism in zebrafish, a total of 60 zebrafish were fed for 21 days (24 h dark treatments or 14/10 h light/dark cycle), and the influence of dark environment on gut microbes and liver gene expression was studied using sequencing analysis of intestinal flora and liver. The results showed that the body weight of fish was significantly increased in the dark group than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, dark environment treatment changed the composition of dominant flora, increased the abundance of unconventional bacteria and reduced probiotics in the intestine of zebrafish. Of these, the ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes in the intestine was reduced. The genome expression of the liver showed significant changes, and liver metabolites were also affected. Meanwhile, dark environment decreased gene expression associated with changes in blood glucose, lipid metabolism and immunization. Dark environment also caused liver steatosis as observed by histological study. This study shows that dark environment treatment has an important impact on liver metabolism and intestinal microbes in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Feng
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, China
| | - Wuyun Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, China; School of Animal Science, Mongolian State University of Agriculture, Bayangol, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Hao Chen
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, China
| | - Wu Dong
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, China
| | - Jingfeng Yang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, China.
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15
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Loss of lymphocyte cytosolic protein 1 (LCP1) induces browning in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via β3-AR and the ERK-independent signaling pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 138:106053. [PMID: 34371171 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increased browning of white adipocytes (beiging) is considered a promising therapeutic strategy to fight obesity and its associated metabolic complications. However, the molecular mechanism modulating brown and beige fat-mediated thermogenesis is not fully elucidated. Here, we identified the lymphocyte cytosolic protein 1 (LCP1) as a factor that obstructs fat browning in white adipocytes. LCP1 plays a vital role in non-hematopoietic malignancies, and is also a well-known tumor biomarker; however, evidence regarding its function in adipocytes remains to be elucidated. The current study explores the physiological role of LCP1 in cultured 3T3-L1 white adipocytes, by applying the loss-of-function study using siRNA. Induction of fat browning by LCP1 depletion was evidenced by evaluating the gene and protein expression levels of brown fat-associated markers through real-time qRT-PCR and immunoblot analysis, respectively. We observed that deficiency of LCP1 promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, and significantly enhances expressions of the core brown fat-specific genes (Cd137, Cidea, Cited1, Tbx1, and Tmem26) and proteins (PGC-1α, PRDM16, and UCP1). In addition, deficiency of LCP1 promotes lipid catabolism as well as suppresses adipogenesis and lipogenesis. Loss of LCP1 also ameliorates cellular stress by downregulating JNK and c-JUN in adipocytes, and stimulates apoptosis. A mechanistic study revealed that deficiency of LCP1 induces browning in white adipocytes, independently via β3-AR and the ERK signaling pathway. The current data reveals a previously unknown mechanism of LCP1 in browning of white adipocytes, and highlights the potential of LCP1 as a pharmacotherapeutic target for treating obesity and other metabolic disorders.
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16
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Syamsunarno MRAA, Alia F, Anggraeni N, Sumirat VA, Praptama S, Atik N. Ethanol extract from Moringa oleifera leaves modulates brown adipose tissue and bone morphogenetic protein 7 in high-fat diet mice. Vet World 2021; 14:1234-1240. [PMID: 34220125 PMCID: PMC8243698 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1234-1240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Brown adipose tissue's (BAT) ability to increase energy expenditure has become a new focus in obesity research. The amount and activity of BAT are inversely correlated with body-mass index and body fat percentage. Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) plays a role in the differentiation and development of BAT, which can be increased by bioactive compounds from several medicinal plants. Moringa oleifera (MO) leaves are rich with vitamin, minerals, and bioactive compounds and have been used for treating obesity-related diseases in the past. The aim of this study was to explore the potency of MO leaf extract (MOLE) to modulate BAT differentiation in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four, 5-week-old male Deutsche Denken Yoken mice (Mus musculus) were randomly divided into four groups: The normal chow diet group was fed a normal diet, the HFD group was fed a HFD, the HFD+MOLE1, and the HFD+MOLE2 groups were fed HFD and MOLE in a dose of 280 and 560 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day, respectively. The experiment was performed for 7 weeks. At the end of the experiment, histological analysis was performed on the interscapular BAT, and blood was drawn for BMP7 protein levels. RESULTS After 7 weeks, BAT weight in the HFD group was nearly twice in the weight of the HFD+MOLE1 group (125±13.78 mg vs. 75±13.78 mg; p<0.001). There was also a significant increase in BAT cell density in the HFD+MOLE1 group. BMP7 serum protein levels were significantly higher in the HFD+MOLE1 group compared to the HFD group. CONCLUSIONS The administration of MOLE in a dose of 280 mg/kg BW/day in HFD-mice induces BAT differentiation and proliferation by upregulating BMP7 protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mas Rizky A. A. Syamsunarno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Indonesia
- Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Indonesia
- Working Group of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Fenty Alia
- Study Program of Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Telkom University, 40257, Indonesia
| | - Neni Anggraeni
- Medical Laboratory Technologist, Bakti Asih School of Analyst, Bandung, 40192, Indonesia
| | - Vanessa Ayu Sumirat
- Medical Laboratory Technologist, Bakti Asih School of Analyst, Bandung, 40192, Indonesia
- Study Program of Magister of Biotechnology, Postgraduate School, Universitas Padjadjaran, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Suhendra Praptama
- Working Group of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Nur Atik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Indonesia
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17
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Qian S, Tang Y, Tang QQ. Adipose tissue plasticity and the pleiotropic roles of BMP signaling. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100678. [PMID: 33872596 PMCID: PMC8131923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissues, including white, beige, and brown adipose tissue, have evolved to be highly dynamic organs. Adipose tissues undergo profound changes during development and regeneration and readily undergo remodeling to meet the demands of an everchanging metabolic landscape. The dynamics are determined by the high plasticity of adipose tissues, which contain various cell types: adipocytes, immune cells, endothelial cells, nerves, and fibroblasts. There are numerous proteins that participate in regulating the plasticity of adipose tissues. Among these, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) were initially found to regulate the differentiation of adipocytes, and they are being reported to have pleiotropic functions by emerging studies. Here, in the first half of the article, we summarize the plasticity of adipocytes and macrophages, which are two groups of cells targeted by BMP signaling in adipose tissues. We then review how BMPs regulate the differentiation, death, and lipid metabolism of adipocytes. In addition, the potential role of BMPs in regulating adipose tissue macrophages is considered. Finally, the expression of BMPs in adipose tissues and their metabolic relevance are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Qian
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Qun Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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18
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Abstract
Obesity, an excess accumulation of white adipose tissue (WAT), has become a global epidemic and is associated with complex diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Presently, there are no safe and effective therapeutic agents to treat obesity. In contrast to white adipocytes that store energy as triglycerides in unilocular lipid droplet, brown and brown-like or beige adipocytes utilize fatty acids (FAs) and glucose at a high rate mainly by uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) action to uncouple mitochondrial proton gradient from ATP synthesis, dissipating energy as heat. Recent studies on the presence of brown or brown-like adipocytes in adult humans have revealed their potential as therapeutic targets in combating obesity. Classically, the main signaling pathway known to activate thermogenesis in adipocytes is β3-adrenergic signaling, which is activated by norepinephrine in response to cold, leading to activation of the thermogenic program and browning. In addition to the β3-adrenergic signaling, numerous other hormones and secreted factors have been reported to affect thermogenesis. In this review, we discuss several major pathways, β3-adrenergic, insulin/IGF1, thyroid hormone and TGFβ family, which regulate thermogenesis and browning of WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hei Sook Sul
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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19
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Wei W, Hu M, Huang J, Yu S, Li X, Li Y, Mao L. Anti-obesity effects of DHA and EPA in high fat-induced insulin resistant mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:1614-1625. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02448a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5) exert their anti-obesity effect by mechanisms dependent or independent of PPARγ and GPR120 signaling in insulin resistant mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Wei
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research
- School of Public Health
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
| | - Manjiang Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research
- School of Public Health
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research
- School of Public Health
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
| | - Siyan Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research
- School of Public Health
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
| | - Xudong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research
- School of Public Health
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
| | - Yanhui Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research
- School of Public Health
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
| | - Limei Mao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research
- School of Public Health
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
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Zhang Q, Xiao X, Zheng J, Li M, Yu M, Ping F, Wang T, Wang X. Maternal High-Fat Diet Disturbs the DNA Methylation Profile in the Brown Adipose Tissue of Offspring Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:705827. [PMID: 34690924 PMCID: PMC8531551 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.705827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has become a threatening global public health issue. The consequence of obesity is abnormal energy metabolism. Unlike white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT) has a unique role in nonshivering thermogenesis. Lipids and glucose are consumed to maintain energy and metabolic homeostasis in BAT. Recently, accumulating evidence has indicated that exposure to excess maternal energy intake affects energy metabolism in offspring throughout their life. However, whether excess intrauterine energy intake influences BAT metabolism in adulthood is not clear. In this study, mouse dams were exposed to excess energy intake by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) before and during pregnancy and lactation. The histology of BAT was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The genome-wide methylation profile of BAT was determined by a DNA methylation array, and specific site DNA methylation was quantitatively analyzed by methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) qPCR. We found that intrauterine exposure to a high-energy diet resulted in blood lipid panel disorders and impaired the BAT structure. Higher methylation levels of genes involved in thermogenesis and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in BAT, such as Acaa2, Acsl1, and Cox7a1, were found in 16-week-old offspring from mothers fed with HFD. Furthermore, the expression of Acaa2, Acsl1, and Cox7a1 was down-regulated by intrauterine exposure to excess energy intake. In summary, our results reveal that excess maternal energy leads to a long-term disorder of BAT in offspring that involves the activation of DNA methylation of BAT-specific genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and thermogenesis.
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Norman-Burgdolf H, Li D, Sullivan P, Wang S. CD47 differentially regulates white and brown fat function. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio056747. [PMID: 33328190 PMCID: PMC7758621 DOI: 10.1242/bio.056747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms that enhance energy expenditure are attractive therapeutic targets for obesity. Previously we have demonstrated that mice lacking cd47 are leaner, exhibit increased energy expenditure, and are protected against diet-induced obesity. In this study, we further defined the physiological role of cd47 deficiency in regulating mitochondrial function and energy expenditure in both white and brown adipose tissue. We observed that cd47 deficient mice (under normal chow diet) had comparable amount of white fat mass but reduced white adipocyte size as compared to wild-type mice. Subsequent ex vivo and in vitro studies suggest enhanced lipolysis, and not impaired lipogenesis or energy utilization, contributes to this phenotype. In contrast to white adipose tissue, there were no obvious morphological differences in brown adipose tissue between wild-type and knockout mice. However, mitochondria isolated from brown fat of cd47 deficient mice had significantly higher rates of free fatty acid-mediated uncoupling. This suggests that enhanced fuel availability via white adipose tissue lipolysis may perpetuate elevated brown adipose tissue energy expenditure and contributes to the lean phenotype observed in cd47 deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Norman-Burgdolf
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Research and Development, Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington KY 40502, USA
| | - Patrick Sullivan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Research and Development, Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington KY 40502, USA
| | - Shuxia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Research and Development, Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington KY 40502, USA
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Wu Y, Sun H, Yi R, Tan F, Zhao X. Anti‐obesity effect of Liupao tea extract by modulating lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in high‐fat‐diet‐induced obese mice. J Food Sci 2020; 86:215-227. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food Chongqing University of Education Chongqing 400067 China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food Chongqing University of Education Chongqing 400067 China
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food Chongqing University of Education Chongqing 400067 China
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University of Education Chongqing 400067 China
| | - Hailan Sun
- Department of Nutrition Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children Chongqing 400021 China
| | - Ruokun Yi
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food Chongqing University of Education Chongqing 400067 China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food Chongqing University of Education Chongqing 400067 China
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food Chongqing University of Education Chongqing 400067 China
| | - Fang Tan
- Department of Public Health Our Lady of Fatima University Valenzuela 838 Philippines
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food Chongqing University of Education Chongqing 400067 China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food Chongqing University of Education Chongqing 400067 China
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food Chongqing University of Education Chongqing 400067 China
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Yang J, Ueharu H, Mishina Y. Energy metabolism: A newly emerging target of BMP signaling in bone homeostasis. Bone 2020; 138:115467. [PMID: 32512164 PMCID: PMC7423769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Energy metabolism is the process of generating energy (i.e. ATP) from nutrients. This process is indispensable for cell homeostasis maintenance and responses to varying conditions. Cells require energy for growth and maintenance and have evolved to have multiple pathways to produce energy. Both genetic and functional studies have demonstrated that energy metabolism, such as glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism, plays important roles in the formation and function of bone cells including osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. Dysregulation of energy metabolism in bone cells consequently disturbs the balance between bone formation and bone resorption. Metabolic diseases have also been reported to affect bone homeostasis. Bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling plays critical roles in regulating the formation and function of bone cells, thus affecting bone development and homeostasis. Mutations of BMP signaling-related genes in mice have been reported to show abnormalities in energy metabolism in many tissues, including bone. In addition, BMP signaling correlates with critical signaling pathways such as mTOR, HIF, Wnt, and self-degradative process autophagy to coordinate energy metabolism and bone homeostasis. These findings will provide a newly emerging target of BMP signaling and potential therapeutic strategies and the improved management of bone diseases. This review summarizes the recent advances in our understanding of (1) energy metabolism in regulating the formation and function of bone cells, (2) function of BMP signaling in whole body energy metabolism, and (3) mechanistic interaction of BMP signaling with other signaling pathways and biological processes critical for energy metabolism and bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Yang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.
| | - Hiroki Ueharu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Miranda CS, Silva-Veiga F, Martins FF, Rachid TL, Mandarim-De-Lacerda CA, Souza-Mello V. PPAR-α activation counters brown adipose tissue whitening: a comparative study between high-fat- and high-fructose-fed mice. Nutrition 2020; 78:110791. [PMID: 32682271 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the effects of a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-α) agonist treatment on interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) whitening, focusing on thermogenic, lipolysis, and lipid oxidation markers in mice fed a high-fat or high-fructose diet. METHODS Fifty animals were randomly assigned to receive a control diet (C, 10% lipids as energy), high-fat diet (HF, 50% lipids as energy), or high-fructose diet (HFRU, 50% fructose as energy) for 12 wk. Each group was redivided to begin the 5-wk treatment, totaling five experimental groups: C, HF, HF-a, HFRU, and HFRU-a. The drug was mixed with diet at the dose of 3.5 mg/kg body mass. RESULTS HF group was the heaviest group, and the HF and HFRU groups had glucose intolerance. PPAR-α activation alleviated these metabolic constraints. HF and HFRU groups had negative vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) immunostaining, but only the HF group had a pattern of lipid droplet accumulation that resembled the white adipose tissue, characterizing the whitening phenomenon. Whitening in the HF group was accompanied by decreased expression of genes related to thermogenesis, β-oxidation, and antiinflammatory effects. All of them were augmented by the PPAR-α activation in HF-a and HFRU-a groups, countering the whitening in the HF-a group. Treated groups also had a lower respiratory exchange ratio than untreated groups, suggesting that lipids were used as fuel for the enhanced thermogenesis. CONCLUSIONS The PPAR-α agonist countered iBAT whitening by inducing the thermogenic pathway and reducing the lipid droplet size, in addition to enhanced VEGF-A expression, adrenergic stimulus, and lipolysis in HF-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolline Santos Miranda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, the University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flavia Silva-Veiga
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, the University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Ferreira Martins
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, the University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tamiris Lima Rachid
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, the University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Mandarim-De-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, the University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, the University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Effects of dietary zinc level on growth performance, lipolysis and expression of genes involved in the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-β/AMP-activated protein kinase pathway in juvenile Pacific white shrimp. Br J Nutr 2020; 124:773-784. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520001725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe present study evaluated the effects of dietary Zn level on growth performance, serum and hepatopancreas metabolites, expression of genes involved in lipid and energy metabolism, and the signalling pathway of dietary Zn-induced lipolysis. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to contain different Zn levels: 46·4 (basal diet), 77·2, 87·0, 117·1 and 136·8 mg/kg, respectively. The results indicated that shrimp fed the diet containing Zn at 117·1 mg/kg had higher weight gain and specific growth rate, and the lowest feed intake and feed conversion rate, than shrimp fed the other diets. The deposition rate of Zn in whole body significantly decreased with increasing dietary Zn level. Dietary Zn prevented the accumulation of free radicals and improved antioxidant activities by increasing Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase and reducing malondialdehyde in hepatopancreas. Dietary Zn supplementation enhanced lipase activity and adiponectin, which could promote TAG breakdown and fatty acid oxidation and lead to reduced lipid in hepatopancreas. The mRNA expressions ofob-rb,adipor,camkkβ,ampk,cd36,mcdandcpt1involved in Zn-induced lipid catabolism were up-regulated, and the expressions ofsrebp,acc,fasandscd1were down-regulated. The mRNA levels of SLC39 family genes (zip3,zip9,zip11andzip14) in hepatopancreas were up-regulated with increasing dietary Zn level. The results demonstrated that dietary Zn level could significantly affect growth performance, tissue deposition of Zn, lipid metabolites and expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and lipolysis inLitopenaeus vannamei.
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A phytoestrogen secoisolariciresinol diglucoside induces browning of white adipose tissue and activates non-shivering thermogenesis through AMPK pathway. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104852. [PMID: 32438038 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) is the main phytoestrogen component of flaxseed known as an antioxidant. Current study focused on the effect of SDG in white adipose tissue (WAT) browning. Browning of WAT is considered as a promising treatment strategy for metabolic diseases. To demonstrate the effect of SDG as an inducer of browning, brown adipocyte markers were investigated in inguinal WAT (iWAT) of high fat diet-fed obese mice and genetically obese db/db mice after SDG administration. SDG increased thermogenic factors such as uncoupling protein 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha and PR domain containing 16 in iWAT and brown adipose tissue (BAT) of mice. Similar results were shown in beige-induced 3T3-L1 adipocytes and primary cultured brown adipocytes. Furthermore, SDG increased factors of mitochondrial biogenesis and activation. We also observed SDG-induced alteration of AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα). As AMPKα is closely related in the regulation of adipogenesis and thermogenesis, we then evaluated the effect of SDG in AMPKα-inhibited conditions. Genetic or chemical inhibition of AMPKα demonstrated that the role of SDG on browning and thermogenesis was dependent on AMPKα signaling. In conclusion, our data suggest SDG as a potential candidate for improvement of obesity and other metabolic disorders.
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27
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Alves CRR, Neves WD, de Almeida NR, Eichelberger EJ, Jannig PR, Voltarelli VA, Tobias GC, Bechara LRG, de Paula Faria D, Alves MJN, Hagen L, Sharma A, Slupphaug G, Moreira JBN, Wisloff U, Hirshman MF, Negrão CE, de Castro G, Chammas R, Swoboda KJ, Ruas JL, Goodyear LJ, Brum PC. Exercise training reverses cancer-induced oxidative stress and decrease in muscle COPS2/TRIP15/ALIEN. Mol Metab 2020; 39:101012. [PMID: 32408015 PMCID: PMC7283151 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that exercise training would attenuate metabolic impairment in a model of severe cancer cachexia. METHODS We used multiple in vivo and in vitro methods to explore the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects induced by exercise training in tumor-bearing rats. RESULTS Exercise training improved running capacity, prolonged lifespan, reduced oxidative stress, and normalized muscle mass and contractile function in tumor-bearing rats. An unbiased proteomic screening revealed COP9 signalosome complex subunit 2 (COPS2) as one of the most downregulated proteins in skeletal muscle at the early stage of cancer cachexia. Exercise training normalized muscle COPS2 protein expression in tumor-bearing rats and mice. Lung cancer patients with low endurance capacity had low muscle COPS2 protein expression as compared to age-matched control subjects. To test whether decrease in COPS2 protein levels could aggravate or be an intrinsic compensatory mechanism to protect myotubes from cancer effects, we performed experiments in vitro using primary myotubes. COPS2 knockdown in human myotubes affected multiple cellular pathways, including regulation of actin cytoskeleton. Incubation of cancer-conditioned media in mouse myotubes decreased F-actin expression, which was partially restored by COPS2 knockdown. Direct repeat 4 (DR4) response elements have been shown to positively regulate gene expression. COPS2 overexpression decreased the DR4 activity in mouse myoblasts, and COPS2 knockdown inhibited the effects of cancer-conditioned media on DR4 activity. CONCLUSIONS These studies demonstrated that exercise training may be an important adjuvant therapy to counteract cancer cachexia and uncovered novel mechanisms involving COPS2 to regulate myotube homeostasis in cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiano R R Alves
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Willian das Neves
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo ICESP, Hospital das Clinicas HC FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ney R de Almeida
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eric J Eichelberger
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paulo R Jannig
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vanessa A Voltarelli
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel C Tobias
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz R G Bechara
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniele de Paula Faria
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria J N Alves
- Heart Institute, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lars Hagen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core, PROMEC, at NTNU and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Stjørdal, Norway
| | - Animesh Sharma
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core, PROMEC, at NTNU and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Stjørdal, Norway
| | - Geir Slupphaug
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core, PROMEC, at NTNU and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Stjørdal, Norway
| | - José B N Moreira
- K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ulrik Wisloff
- K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Michael F Hirshman
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carlos E Negrão
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Heart Institute, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilberto de Castro
- Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo ICESP, Hospital das Clinicas HC FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kathryn J Swoboda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jorge L Ruas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patricia C Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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The Impact of Moderate-Intensity Continuous or High-Intensity Interval Training on Adipogenesis and Browning of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Obese Male Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040925. [PMID: 32230849 PMCID: PMC7231004 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compares the effect of two types of exercise training, i.e., moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) or high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the browning of subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) in obese male rats. Effects on fat composition, metabolites, and molecular markers of differentiation and energy expenditure were examined. Forty male Wistar rats were assigned to lean (n = 8) or obese (n = 32) groups and fed either a standard chow or high-fat obesogenic diet for 10 weeks. Eight lean and obese rats were then blood and tissue sampled, and the remaining obese animals were randomly allocated into sedentary, MICT, or HIIT (running on a treadmill 5 days/week) groups that were maintained for 12 weeks. Obesity increased plasma glucose and insulin and decreased irisin and FGF-21. In scWAT, this was accompanied with raised protein abundance of markers of adipocyte differentiation, i.e., C/EBP-α, C/EBP-β, and PPAR-γ, whereas brown fat-related genes, i.e., PRDM-16, AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α, were reduced as was UCP1 and markers of fatty acid transport, i.e., CD36 and CPT1. Exercise training increased protein expression of brown fat-related markers, i.e., PRDM-16, AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α, and UCP1, together with gene expression of fatty acid transport, i.e., CD36 and CPT1, but decreased markers of adipocyte differentiation, i.e., C/EBP-α, C/EBP-β, and plasma glucose. The majority of these adaptations were greater with HIIT compared to MICT. Our findings indicate that prolonged exercise training promotes the browning of white adipocytes, possibly through suppression of adipogenesis together with white to beige trans-differentiation and is dependent on the intensity of exercise.
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Verpoorten S, Sfyri P, Scully D, Mitchell R, Tzimou A, Mougios V, Patel K, Matsakas A. Loss of CD36 protects against diet-induced obesity but results in impaired muscle stem cell function, delayed muscle regeneration and hepatic steatosis. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13395. [PMID: 31599493 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM The prevalence of obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases including impaired skeletal muscle regeneration. Since skeletal muscle regenerative capacity is regulated by satellite cells, we aimed to investigate whether a high-fat diet impairs satellite cell function and whether this is linked to fatty acid uptake via CD36. We also aimed to determine whether loss of CD36 impacts on muscle redox homeostasis and skeletal muscle regenerative capacity. METHODS We studied the impact of a high-fat diet and CD36 deficiency on murine skeletal muscle morphology, redox homeostasis, satellite cell function, bioenergetics and lipid accumulation in the liver. We also determined the effect of CD36 deficiency on skeletal muscle regeneration. RESULTS High-fat diet increased body weight, intramuscular lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in wild-type mice that were significantly mitigated in CD36-deficient mice. High-fat diet and CD36 deficiency independently attenuated satellite cell function on single fibres and myogenic capacity on primary satellite cells. CD36 deficiency resulted in delayed skeletal muscle regeneration following acute injury with cardiotoxin. CD36-deficient and wild-type primary satellite cells had distinct bioenergetic profiles in response to palmitate. High-fat diet induced hepatic steatosis in both genotypes that was more pronounced in the CD36-deficient mice. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that CD36 deficiency protects against diet-induced obesity, intramuscular lipid deposition and oxidative stress but results in impaired muscle satellite cell function, delayed muscle regeneration and hepatic steatosis. CD36 is a key mediator of fatty acid uptake in skeletal muscle, linking obesity with satellite cell function and muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Verpoorten
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory Centre for Atherothrombosis & Metabolic Disease Hull York Medical School University of Hull Hull UK
| | - Peggy Sfyri
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory Centre for Atherothrombosis & Metabolic Disease Hull York Medical School University of Hull Hull UK
| | - David Scully
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory Centre for Atherothrombosis & Metabolic Disease Hull York Medical School University of Hull Hull UK
| | - Robert Mitchell
- School of Biological Sciences University of Reading Reading UK
| | - Anastasia Tzimou
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance School of Physical Education and Sports Science at Thessaloniki Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Vassilis Mougios
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance School of Physical Education and Sports Science at Thessaloniki Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Ketan Patel
- School of Biological Sciences University of Reading Reading UK
| | - Antonios Matsakas
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory Centre for Atherothrombosis & Metabolic Disease Hull York Medical School University of Hull Hull UK
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Cell-autonomous light sensitivity via Opsin3 regulates fuel utilization in brown adipocytes. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000630. [PMID: 32040503 PMCID: PMC7034924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Opsin3 (Opn3) is a transmembrane heptahelical G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) with the potential to produce a nonvisual photoreceptive effect. Interestingly, anatomical profiling of GPCRs reveals that Opn3 mRNA is highly expressed in adipose tissue. The photosensitive functions of Opn3 in mammals are poorly understood, and whether Opn3 has a role in fat is entirely unknown. In this study, we found that Opn3-knockout (Opn3-KO) mice were prone to diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. At the cellular level, Opn3-KO brown adipocytes cultured in darkness had decreased glucose uptake and lower nutrient-induced mitochondrial respiration than wild-type (WT) cells. Light exposure promoted mitochondrial activity and glucose uptake in WT adipocytes but not in Opn3-KO cells. Brown adipocytes carrying a defective mutation in Opn3’s putative G protein–binding domain also exhibited a reduction in glucose uptake and mitochondrial respiration in darkness. Using RNA-sequencing, we identified several novel light-sensitive and Opn3-dependent molecular signatures in brown adipocytes. Importantly, direct exposure of brown adipose tissue (BAT) to light in living mice significantly enhanced thermogenic capacity of BAT, and this effect was diminished in Opn3-KO animals. These results uncover a previously unrecognized cell-autonomous, light-sensing mechanism in brown adipocytes via Opn3-GPCR signaling that can regulate fuel metabolism and mitochondrial respiration. Our work also provides a molecular basis for developing light-based treatments for obesity and its related metabolic disorders. Brown adipose tissue plays a pivotal role in energy homeostasis and serves as a metabolic sink for glucose and fatty acid. This study demonstrates a novel light-sensing mechanism in mice via the photoreceptor Opsin3 that regulates fuel utilization and mitochondrial activity of brown adipocytes.
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Dietary Silk Peptide Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Promotes Adipose Browning by Activating AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010201. [PMID: 31941008 PMCID: PMC7019986 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with metabolic syndrome and other chronic diseases, and is caused when the energy intake is greater than the energy expenditure. We aimed to determine the mechanism whereby acid-hydrolyzed silk peptide (SP) prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity, and whether it induces browning and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in white adipose tissue (WAT), using in vivo and ex vivo approaches. We determined the effects of dietary SP in high-fat diet-fed obese mice. The expression of adipose tissue-specific genes was quantified by western blotting, qRT-PCR, and immunofluorescence analysis. We also investigated whether SP directly induces browning in primarily subcutaneous WAT-derived adipocytes. Our findings demonstrate that SP has a browning effect in WAT by upregulating AMP-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression. SP also suppresses adipogenesis and promotes FAO, implying that it may have potential as an anti-obesity drug.
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Lin S, Wang Z, Lin Y, Ge S, Hamzah SS, Hu J. Bound phenolics from fresh lotus seeds exert anti-obesity effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet-fed mice by activation of AMPK. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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White JD, Dewal RS, Stanford KI. The beneficial effects of brown adipose tissue transplantation. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 68:74-81. [PMID: 31228478 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a disease that results from an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a potential therapeutic target to improve the comorbidities associated with obesity due to its inherent thermogenic capacity and its ability to improve glucose metabolism. Multiple studies have shown that activation of BAT using either pharmacological treatments or cold exposure had an acute effect to increase metabolic function and reduce adiposity. Recent preclinical investigations have explored whether increasing BAT mass or activation through transplantation models could improve glucose metabolism and metabolic health. Successful BAT transplantation models have shown improvements in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, as well as reductions in body mass and decreased adiposity in recipients. BAT transplantation may confer its beneficial effects through several different mechanisms, including endocrine effects via the release of 'batokines'. More recent studies have demonstrated that beige and brown adipocytes isolated from human progenitor cells and transplanted into mouse models result in metabolic improvements similar to transplantation of whole BAT; this could represent a clinically translatable model. In this review we will discuss the impetus for both early and recent investigations utilizing BAT transplantation models, the outcomes of these studies, and review the mechanisms associated with the beneficial effects of BAT transplant to confer improvements in metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D White
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Revati S Dewal
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Park M, Sharma A, Lee HJ. Anti-Adipogenic Effects of Delphinidin-3- O- β-Glucoside in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes and Primary White Adipocytes. Molecules 2019; 24:E1848. [PMID: 31091729 PMCID: PMC6571603 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Delphinidin-3-O-β-glucoside (D3G) is a health-promoting anthocyanin whose anti-obesity activity has not yet been thoroughly investigated. We examined the effects of D3G on adipogenesis and lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and primary white adipocytes using real-time RT-PCR and immunoblot analysis. D3G significantly inhibited the accumulation of lipids in a dose-dependent manner without displaying cytotoxicity. In the 3T3-L1 adipocytes, D3G downregulated the expression of key adipogenic and lipogenic markers, which are known as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP1), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), and fatty acid synthase (FAS). Moreover, the relative protein expression of silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) were increased, alongside reduced lipid levels and the presence of several small lipid droplets. Furthermore, D3G increased the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), which suggests that D3G may play a role in AMPK and ACC activation in adipocytes. Our data indicate that D3G attenuates adipogenesis and promotes lipid metabolism by activating AMPK-mediated signaling, and, hence, could have a therapeutic role in the management and treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miey Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea.
| | - Anshul Sharma
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea.
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea.
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Blázquez-Medela AM, Jumabay M, Boström KI. Beyond the bone: Bone morphogenetic protein signaling in adipose tissue. Obes Rev 2019; 20:648-658. [PMID: 30609449 PMCID: PMC6447448 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) belong to the same superfamily as related to transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), growth and differentiation factors (GDFs), and activins. They were initially described as inducers of bone formation but are now known to be involved in morphogenetic activities and cell differentiation throughout the body, including the development of adipose tissue and adipogenic differentiation. BMP4 and BMP7 are the most studied BMPs in adipose tissue, with major roles in white adipogenesis and brown adipogenesis, respectively, but other BMPs such as BMP2, BMP6, and BMP8b as well as some inhibitors and modulators have been shown to also affect adipogenesis. It has become ever more important to understand adipose regulation, including the BMP pathways, in light of the strong links between obesity and metabolic and cardiovascular disease. In this review, we summarize the available information on BMP signaling in adipose tissue using preferentially articles that have appeared in the last decade, which together demonstrate the importance of BMP signaling in adipose biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Blázquez-Medela
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Medet Jumabay
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Kristina I Boström
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States.,Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
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Zhou J, Poudel A, Chandramani-Shivalingappa P, Xu B, Welchko R, Li L. Liraglutide induces beige fat development and promotes mitochondrial function in diet induced obesity mice partially through AMPK-SIRT-1-PGC1-α cell signaling pathway. Endocrine 2019; 64:271-283. [PMID: 30535743 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1826-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is produced to induce postprandial insulin secretion. Liraglutide, a full agonist of the GLP-1 receptor, has a protective effect on weight gain in obese subjects. Brown adipose tissue plays a major role in the control of energy balance and is known to be involved in the weight loss regulated by liraglutide. The putative anti-obesity properties of liraglutide and the cell signaling pathways involved were examined. METHODS Four groups of C57/BL6 mice fed with chow or HFHS diet were injected with either liraglutide or vehicle for four weeks. Western blotting was used to analyze protein expression. RESULTS Liraglutide significantly attenuated the weight gain in mice fed with HFHS diet and was associated with significant reductions of epididymal fat and inguinal fat mass. Furthermore, liraglutide significantly upregulated the expression of brown adipose-specific markers in perigonadal fat in association with upregulation of AMPK-SIRT-1-PGC1-α cell signaling. However, elevation of brown fat markers in skeletal muscle was only observed in HFHS diet fed mice after liraglutide treatment, and AMPK-SIRT-1 cell signaling is not involved in this process. CONCLUSIONS the anti-obesity effect of liraglutide occurs through adaptive thermogenesis and may act through different cell signaling pathways in fat and skeletal muscle tissue. Liraglutide induces beige fat development partially through the AMPK-SIRT-1-PGC1-α cell signaling pathway. Therefore, liraglutide is a potential medication for obesity prevention and in targeting pre-diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Zhou
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Anil Poudel
- Department of Physician Assistant, College of Health Professions, Central Michigan University MI, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | | | - Biao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Ryan Welchko
- Department of Physician Assistant, College of Health Professions, Central Michigan University MI, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Lixin Li
- Department of Physician Assistant, College of Health Professions, Central Michigan University MI, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA.
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Takahashi H, Alves CRR, Stanford KI, Middelbeek RJW, Pasquale Nigro, Ryan RE, Xue R, Sakaguchi M, Lynes MD, So K, Mul JD, Lee MY, Balan E, Pan H, Dreyfuss JM, Hirshman MF, Azhar M, Hannukainen JC, Nuutila P, Kalliokoski KK, Nielsen S, Pedersen BK, Kahn CR, Tseng YH, Goodyear LJ. TGF-β2 is an exercise-induced adipokine that regulates glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Nat Metab 2019; 1:291-303. [PMID: 31032475 PMCID: PMC6481955 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-018-0030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exercise improves health and well-being across diverse organ systems, and elucidating mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise can lead to new therapies. Here, we show that transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) is secreted from adipose tissue in response to exercise and improves glucose tolerance in mice. We identify TGF-β2 as an exercise-induced adipokine in a gene expression analysis of human subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies after exercise training. In mice, exercise training increases TGF-β2 in scWAT, serum, and its secretion from fat explants. Transplanting scWAT from exercise-trained wild type mice, but not from adipose tissue-specific Tgfb2−/− mice, into sedentary mice improves glucose tolerance. TGF-β2 treatment reverses the detrimental metabolic effects of high fat feeding in mice. Lactate, a metabolite released from muscle during exercise, stimulates TGF-β2 expression in human adipocytes. Administration of the lactate-lowering agent dichloroacetate during exercise training in mice decreases circulating TGF-β2 levels and reduces exercise-stimulated improvements in glucose tolerance. Thus, exercise training improves systemic metabolism through inter-organ communication with fat via a lactate-TGF-β2-signaling cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Takahashi
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christiano R R Alves
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Roeland J W Middelbeek
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pasquale Nigro
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rebecca E Ryan
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ruidan Xue
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Masaji Sakaguchi
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew D Lynes
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kawai So
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joram D Mul
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Min-Young Lee
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Estelle Balan
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hui Pan
- Bioinformatics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan M Dreyfuss
- Bioinformatics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael F Hirshman
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mohamad Azhar
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Søren Nielsen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente K Pedersen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Karise I, Bargut TC, Del Sol M, Aguila MB, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. Metformin enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and thermogenesis in brown adipocytes of mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:1156-1165. [PMID: 30841429 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We studied the effect of metformin on the brown adipose tissue (BAT) in a fructose-rich-fed model, focusing on BAT proliferation, differentiation, and thermogenic markers. MAIN METHODS C57Bl/6 mice received isoenergetic diets for ten weeks: control (C) or high-fructose (F). For additional eight weeks, animals received metformin hydrochloride (M, 250 mg/kg/day) or saline. After sacrifice, BAT and white fat pads were prepared for light microscopy and molecular analyses. KEY FINDINGS Body mass gain, white fat pads, and adiposity index were not different among the groups. There was a reduction in energy intake in the F group and energy expenditure in the F and FM groups. Metformin led to a more massive BAT in both groups CM and FM, associated with a higher adipocyte proliferation (β1-adrenergic receptor, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and vascular endothelial growth factor), and differentiation (PR domain containing 16, bone morphogenetic protein 7), in part by activating 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase. Metformin also enhanced thermogenic markers in the BAT (uncoupling protein type 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha) through adrenergic stimuli and fibroblast growth factor 21. Metformin might improve mitochondrial biogenesis in the BAT (nuclear respiratory factor 1, mitochondrial transcription factor A), lipolysis (perilipin, adipose triglyceride lipase, hormone-sensitive lipase), and fatty acid uptake (lipoprotein lipase, cluster of differentiation 36, adipocyte protein 2). SIGNIFICANCE Metformin effects are not linked to body mass changes, but affect BAT thermogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis, and fatty acid uptake. Therefore, BAT may be a metformin adjuvant target for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iara Karise
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Thereza Cristina Bargut
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Mariano Del Sol
- Doctoral Program in Morphological Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
| | - Marcia Barbosa Aguila
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Carlos A Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Transient Overexpression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A in Adipose Tissue Promotes Energy Expenditure via Activation of the Sympathetic Nervous System. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:MCB.00242-18. [PMID: 30126894 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00242-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) stimulates functional blood vessel formation in obese fat pads, which in turn facilitates healthy expansion of the adipose tissue. However, the detailed mechanism(s) governing the process remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role of sympathetic nervous system activation in the process. To this end, we induced overexpression of VEGF-A in an adipose tissue-specific doxycycline (Dox)-inducible transgenic mouse model for a short period of time during high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. We found that local overexpression of VEGF-A in adipose tissue stimulated lipolysis and browning rapidly after Dox induction. Immunofluorescence staining against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) indicated higher levels of sympathetic innervation in adipose tissue of transgenic mice. In response to an increased norepinephrine (NE) level, expression of β3-adrenoceptor was significantly upregulated, and the downstream protein kinase A (PKA) pathway was activated, as indicated by enhanced phosphorylation of whole PKA substrates, in particular, the hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in adipocytes. As a result, the adipose tissue exhibited increased lipolysis, browning, and energy expenditure. Importantly, all of these effects were abolished upon treatment with the β3-adrenoceptor antagonist SR59230A. Collectively, these results demonstrate that transient overexpressed VEGF-A activates the sympathetic nervous system, which hence promotes lipolysis and browning in adipose tissue.
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Stanford KI, Lynes MD, Takahashi H, Baer LA, Arts PJ, May FJ, Lehnig AC, Middelbeek RJW, Richard JJ, So K, Chen EY, Gao F, Narain NR, Distefano G, Shettigar VK, Hirshman MF, Ziolo MT, Kiebish MA, Tseng YH, Coen PM, Goodyear LJ. 12,13-diHOME: An Exercise-Induced Lipokine that Increases Skeletal Muscle Fatty Acid Uptake. Cell Metab 2018; 27:1111-1120.e3. [PMID: 29719226 PMCID: PMC5935136 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Circulating factors released from tissues during exercise have been hypothesized to mediate some of the health benefits of regular physical activity. Lipokines are circulating lipid species that have recently been reported to affect metabolism in response to cold. Here, lipidomics analysis revealed that a bout of moderate-intensity exercise causes a pronounced increase in the circulating lipid 12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid (12,13-diHOME) in male, female, young, old, sedentary, and active human subjects. In mice, both a single bout of exercise and exercise training increased circulating 12,13-diHOME and surgical removal of brown adipose tissue (BAT) negated the increase in 12,13-diHOME, suggesting that BAT is the tissue source for exercise-stimulated 12,13-diHOME. Acute 12,13-diHOME treatment of mice in vivo increased skeletal muscle fatty acid uptake and oxidation, but not glucose uptake. These data reveal that lipokines are novel exercise-stimulated circulating factors that may contribute to the metabolic changes that occur with physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin I Stanford
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Matthew D Lynes
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lisa A Baer
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Peter J Arts
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Francis J May
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Adam C Lehnig
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Roeland J W Middelbeek
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Richard
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kawai So
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Fei Gao
- BERG, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | | | - Giovanna Distefano
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Vikram K Shettigar
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michael F Hirshman
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mark T Ziolo
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Paul M Coen
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Zhong S, Wang Y, Li J, Wang M, Meng L, Ma Z, Zhang S, Liu Z. Spatial and temporal expression of bmp8a and its role in regulation of lipid metabolism in zebrafish Danio rerio. GENE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Parray HA, Lone J, Park JP, Choi JW, Yun JW. Magnolol promotes thermogenesis and attenuates oxidative stress in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Nutrition 2018; 50:82-90. [PMID: 29547798 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the browning and antioxidative effects of magnolol in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, as recruitment of beige-like adipocytes (browning) by natural compounds is being considered as a promising strategy to fight against obesity. METHODS Magnolol-induced browning effect was evaluated by determining the expression levels of specific marker genes and proteins using real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting, respectively. Induction of thermogenesis and suppression of oxidative stress in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were further validated by immunofluorescence. RESULTS Magnolol significantly enhanced expression of a core set of brown fat-specific marker genes (Ucp1, Cd137, Prdm16, Cidea, and Tbx1) and proteins (UCP1, PRDM16, and PGC-1α). Increased expression of UCP1 and other brown fat-specific markers contributed to the browning of 3T3-L1 adipocytes possibly via activation of the AMPK, PPARγ, and protein kinase A (PKA) pathways. In addition, magnolol up-regulated key fatty acid oxidation and lipolytic markers (CPT1, ACSL1, SIRT1, and PLIN) and down-regulated lipogenic markers (FAS and SREBP1). Magnolol also reduced the production and release of reactive oxygen species. CONCLUSION The current data suggest possible roles for magnolol in browning of white adipocytes, augmentation of lipolysis, and thermogenesis, as well as repression of oxidative stress and lipogenesis. Thus, magnolol may be explored as a potentially promising therapeutic agent for the prevention of obesity and other metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Ahmad Parray
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Kyungsan, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jameel Lone
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Kyungsan, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Pil Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Won Choi
- Department of Bioindustry, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Kyungsan, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea.
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Sopeña B, López-Ibarra Z, López-Farré AJ, de Las Heras N, Ballesteros S, González-Cantalapiedra A, Lahera V, Zamorano-León JJ. Really does temperature reduction and norepinephrine have similar effects on the energy metabolism in rat brown adipose tissue? Arch Physiol Biochem 2018; 124:54-60. [PMID: 28844165 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1360913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Heat generation by brown adipose tissue (BAT) in response to temperature reduction seems to be entirely related to sympathetic nervous stimulation. OBJECTIVE To analyse if temperature reduction and norepinephrine may differently affect the expression of proteins related to energy metabolism in BAT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Isolated rats BAT was incubated with/without norepinephrine (10-6 mol/L, 24 h at 32 °C and 37 °C). RESULTS In BAT, 32 °C increased the protein expression levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I and -II, mitochondrial uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) and the expression and activity of lactate dehydrogenase. Mitochondrial F1-ATP synthase α-chain expression was decreased at 32 °C compared to 37 °C. Norepinephrine and at 32 °C exposure, UCP-1 expression was increased but cytochrome-c oxidase and F1-ATP synthase α-chain expression was reduced with respect to 37 °C. DISCUSSION Sympathetic stimulation seems not to be the only factor associated with heat generation. CONCLUSIONS Temperature reduction by itself exerts some different effects on the expression of proteins related to the energy metabolism than norepinephrine.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sopeña
- a Department of Medicine, School of Medicine , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Z López-Ibarra
- a Department of Medicine, School of Medicine , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
- b Surgery Department , Hospital Universitario ROF-Codina , Lugo , Spain
| | - A J López-Farré
- a Department of Medicine, School of Medicine , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - N de Las Heras
- c Department of Physiology, School of Medicine , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - S Ballesteros
- c Department of Physiology, School of Medicine , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | | | - V Lahera
- c Department of Physiology, School of Medicine , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - J J Zamorano-León
- a Department of Medicine, School of Medicine , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
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Lone J, Parray HA, Yun JW. Nobiletin induces brown adipocyte-like phenotype and ameliorates stress in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biochimie 2017; 146:97-104. [PMID: 29217172 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Browning of white adipocytes (beiging) is an attractive therapeutic strategy against obesity and its associated metabolic complications. Nobiletin (NOB) is a polymethoxylated flavone present in citrus fruits and has been reported to have anti-obesity effects. Here, we report that nobiletin exerts dual modulatory effects on adipocytes via induction of browning in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes and amelioration of stress in adipocytes. Nobiletin-induced beiging was investigated by determining expression levels of beige-specific genes and proteins by RT-PCR and immunoblot analysis, respectively. Nobiletin treatment rapidly elevated the expression levels of beige-specific genes such as Cd137, Cidea, Tbx1, and Tmem26. Further, nobiletin enhanced expression of the key transcription factors C/EBPβ, PPARδ, and PPARα, which are responsible for remodeling of white adipocytes. Nobiletin also strikingly activated HIB1B brown adipocytes and induced mitochondrial biogenesis in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes. In addition, nobiletin altered the expression of several lipid metabolism-related proteins such as ACOX1, CPT1, FAS, p-PLIN, SREBP and SIRT1. Moreover, nobiletin ameliorated stress in adipocytes by inhibiting expression levels of key stress molecules such as JNK and c-JUN. Nobiletin-induced browning could be mediated by tight regulation of kinases, as nobiletin induced PKA and p-AMPK at the protein expression level, and inhibition of PKA and p-AMPK by H-89 and dorsomorphin, respectively, abolished expression of the thermogenic markers PGC-1α and UCP1. Taken together, our findings suggest that nobiletin plays a modulatory role in adipocytes via induction of browning in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes and activation of HIB1B brown adipocytes combined with amelioration of stress in adipocytes, thereby exhibiting therapeutic potential against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel Lone
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Kyungsan, Kyungbuk, 38543, Republic of Korea
| | - Hilal Ahmad Parray
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Kyungsan, Kyungbuk, 38543, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Kyungsan, Kyungbuk, 38543, Republic of Korea.
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Townsend KL, Madden CJ, Blaszkiewicz M, McDougall L, Tupone D, Lynes MD, Mishina Y, Yu P, Morrison SF, Tseng YH. Reestablishment of Energy Balance in a Male Mouse Model With POMC Neuron Deletion of BMPR1A. Endocrinology 2017; 158:4233-4245. [PMID: 29040444 PMCID: PMC5711385 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of energy balance involves complex processes in the brain, including coordination by hypothalamic neurons that contain pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC). We previously demonstrated that central bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 7 reduced appetite. Now we show that a type 1 BMP receptor, BMPR1A, is colocalized with POMC neurons and that POMC-BMPR1A-knockout (KO) mice are hyperphagic, revealing physiological involvement of BMP signaling in anorectic POMC neurons in the regulation of appetite. Surprisingly, the hyperphagic POMC-BMPR1A-KO mice exhibited a lack of obesity, even on a 45% high-fat diet. This is because the brown adipose tissue (BAT) of KO animals exhibited increased sympathetic activation and greater thermogenic capacity owing to a reestablishment of energy balance, most likely stemming from a compensatory increase of BMPR1A in the whole hypothalamus of KO mice. Indeed, control animals given central BMP7 displayed increased energy expenditure and a specific increase in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in BAT. In these animals, pharmacological blockade of BMPR1A-SMAD signaling blunted the ability of BMP7 to increase energy expenditure or BAT SNA. Together, we demonstrated an important role for hypothalamic BMP signaling in the regulation of energy balance, including BMPR1A-mediated appetite regulation in POMC neurons as well as hypothalamic BMP-SMAD regulation of the sympathetic drive to BAT for thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy L Townsend
- Integrative Physiology and Metabolism Section, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School
- School of Biology and Ecology and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine
| | | | - Magdalena Blaszkiewicz
- School of Biology and Ecology and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine
| | - Lindsay McDougall
- Integrative Physiology and Metabolism Section, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Domenico Tupone
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Matthew D Lynes
- Integrative Physiology and Metabolism Section, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School
| | | | - Paul Yu
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Shaun F Morrison
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Integrative Physiology and Metabolism Section, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University
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46
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Lone J, Yun JW. Honokiol exerts dual effects on browning and apoptosis of adipocytes. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:1357-1365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
Brown and beige adipocytes arise from distinct developmental origins. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) develops embryonically from precursors that also give to skeletal muscle. Beige fat develops postnatally and is highly inducible. Beige fat recruitment is mediated by multiple mechanisms, including de novo beige adipogenesis and white-to-brown adipocyte transdifferentiaiton. Beige precursors reside around vasculatures, and proliferate and differentiate into beige adipocytes. PDGFRα+Ebf2+ precursors are restricted to beige lineage cells, while another PDGFRα+ subset gives rise to beige adipocytes, white adipocytes, or fibrogenic cells. White adipocytes can be reprogramed and transdifferentiated into beige adipocytes. Brown and beige adipocytes display many similar properties, including multilocular lipid droplets, dense mitochondria, and expression of UCP1. UCP1-mediated thermogenesis is a hallmark of brown/beige adipocytes, albeit UCP1-independent thermogenesis also occurs. Development, maintenance, and activation of BAT/beige fat are guided by genetic and epigenetic programs. Numerous transcriptional factors and coactivators act coordinately to promote BAT/beige fat thermogenesis. Epigenetic reprograming influences expression of brown/beige adipocyte-selective genes. BAT/beige fat is regulated by neuronal, hormonal, and immune mechanisms. Hypothalamic thermal circuits define the temperature setpoint that guides BAT/beige fat activity. Metabolic hormones, paracrine/autocrine factors, and various immune cells also play a critical role in regulating BAT/beige fat functions. BAT and beige fat defend temperature homeostasis, and regulate body weight and glucose and lipid metabolism. Obesity is associated with brown/beige fat deficiency, and reactivation of brown/beige fat provides metabolic health benefits in some patients. Pharmacological activation of BAT/beige fat may hold promise for combating metabolic diseases. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:1281-1306, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Mele L, Bidault G, Mena P, Crozier A, Brighenti F, Vidal-Puig A, Del Rio D. Dietary (Poly)phenols, Brown Adipose Tissue Activation, and Energy Expenditure: A Narrative Review. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:694-704. [PMID: 28916570 PMCID: PMC5593103 DOI: 10.3945/an.117.015792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of overweight and obesity has reached epidemic proportions, making the control of body weight and its complications a primary health problem. Diet has long played a first-line role in preventing and managing obesity. However, beyond the obvious strategy of restricting caloric intake, growing evidence supports the specific antiobesity effects of some food-derived components, particularly (poly)phenolic compounds. The relatively new rediscovery of active brown adipose tissue in adult humans has generated interest in this tissue as a novel and viable target for stimulating energy expenditure and controlling body weight by promoting energy dissipation. This review critically discusses the evidence supporting the concept that the antiobesity effects ascribed to (poly)phenols might be dependent on their capacity to promote energy dissipation by activating brown adipose tissue. Although discrepancies exist in the literature, most in vivo studies with rodents strongly support the role of some (poly)phenol classes, particularly flavan-3-ols and resveratrol, in promoting energy expenditure. Some human data currently are available and most are consistent with studies in rodents. Further investigation of effects in humans is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mele
- Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Guillaume Bidault
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level 4, Wellcome Trust–Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro Mena
- Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alan Crozier
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Furio Brighenti
- Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level 4, Wellcome Trust–Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom;,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy;,Need for Nutrition Education/Innovation Programme Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John’s Innovation Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Sydor S, Sowa JP, Megger DA, Schlattjan M, Jafoui S, Wingerter L, Carpinteiro A, Baba HA, Bechmann LP, Sitek B, Gerken G, Gulbins E, Canbay A. Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency in Western diet-fed mice protects against adipocyte hypertrophy and diet-induced liver steatosis. Mol Metab 2017; 6:416-427. [PMID: 28462076 PMCID: PMC5404101 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alterations in sphingolipid and ceramide metabolism have been associated with various diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) converts the membrane lipid sphingomyelin to ceramide, thereby affecting membrane composition and domain formation. We investigated the ways in which the Asm knockout (Smpd1-/-) genotype affects diet-induced NAFLD. METHODS Smpd1-/- mice and wild type controls were fed either a standard or Western diet (WD) for 6 weeks. Liver and adipose tissue morphology and mRNA expression were assessed. Quantitative proteome analysis of liver tissue was performed. Expression of selected genes was quantified in adipose and liver tissue of obese NAFLD patients. RESULTS Although Smpd1-/- mice exhibited basal steatosis with normal chow, no aggravation of NAFLD-type injury was observed with a Western diet. This protective effect was associated with the absence of adipocyte hypertrophy and the increased expression of genes associated with brown adipocyte differentiation. In white adipose tissue from obese patients with NAFLD, no expression of these genes was detectable. To further elucidate which pathways in liver tissue may be affected by Smpd1-/-, we performed an unbiased proteome analysis. Protein expression in WD-fed Smpd1-/- mice indicated a reduction in Rictor (mTORC2) activity; this reduction was confirmed by diminished Akt phosphorylation and altered mRNA expression of Rictor target genes. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the protective effect of Asm deficiency on diet-induced steatosis is conferred by alterations in adipocyte morphology and lipid metabolism and by reductions in Rictor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Sydor
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45120 Essen, Germany.
| | - Jan-Peter Sowa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45120 Essen, Germany.
| | - Dominik A Megger
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany; Institute of Virology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45120 Essen, Germany.
| | - Martin Schlattjan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45120 Essen, Germany.
| | - Sami Jafoui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45120 Essen, Germany.
| | - Lena Wingerter
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45120 Essen, Germany.
| | - Alexander Carpinteiro
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45120 Essen, Germany.
| | - Hideo A Baba
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45120 Essen, Germany.
| | - Lars P Bechmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45120 Essen, Germany.
| | - Barbara Sitek
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Guido Gerken
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45120 Essen, Germany.
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45120 Essen, Germany.
| | - Ali Canbay
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45120 Essen, Germany; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
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Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is the main site of adaptive thermogenesis and experimental studies have associated BAT activity with protection against obesity and metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia. Active BAT is present in adult humans and its activity is impaired in patients with obesity. The ability of BAT to protect against chronic metabolic disease has traditionally been attributed to its capacity to utilize glucose and lipids for thermogenesis. However, BAT might also have a secretory role, which could contribute to the systemic consequences of BAT activity. Several BAT-derived molecules that act in a paracrine or autocrine manner have been identified. Most of these factors promote hypertrophy and hyperplasia of BAT, vascularization, innervation and blood flow, processes that are all associated with BAT recruitment when thermogenic activity is enhanced. Additionally, BAT can release regulatory molecules that act on other tissues and organs. This secretory capacity of BAT is thought to be involved in the beneficial effects of BAT transplantation in rodents. Fibroblast growth factor 21, IL-6 and neuregulin 4 are among the first BAT-derived endocrine factors to be identified. In this Review, we discuss the current understanding of the regulatory molecules (the so-called brown adipokines or batokines) that are released by BAT that influence systemic metabolism and convey the beneficial metabolic effects of BAT activation. The identification of such adipokines might also direct drug discovery approaches for managing obesity and its associated chronic metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Villarroya
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, 08028-Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, 08028-Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rubén Cereijo
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, 08028-Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Villarroya
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, 08028-Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Giralt
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, 08028-Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, 08028-Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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