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de Sousa KG, de Carvalho Chaves S, de Souza Barbosa T, Gavião MBD. Nutritional status, feeding behavior, and oral conditions in preschool children exposed to secondhand smoke. Ecol Food Nutr 2024; 63:63-82. [PMID: 38308642 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2024.2307431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated whether the nutritional status of preschoolers is influenced by secondhand smoke. Pairs of mothers-children (N = 201) were allocated in "children exposed to secondhand smoke (ESHS)" or "not exposed (N_ESHS)." Mothers answered, "The Parental Feeding Style Questionnaire (PFSQ)." The nutritional status and oral conditions were evaluated using WHO criteria. ESHS was 3.5 more likely to have a high BMI and their mothers had 10 kg more than N_ESHS. The probability of having dental caries was 2.28 and 3.68 times greater when the mother's BMI increases and when family/mothers were smokers, independently whether they smoke in the child's presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Guedes de Sousa
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde e Odontologia Infantil, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FOP-UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
- Department of Dentistry, UniFacex, Natal, Brasil
| | | | - Taís de Souza Barbosa
- Department of Social and Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, Campus of São José dos Campos, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, Brasil
| | - Maria Beatriz Duarte Gavião
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde e Odontologia Infantil, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FOP-UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
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Branscum P, Keysor P. Defining Parenting Practices for Reducing Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption Among Preschoolers. Health Promot Pract 2024; 25:204-212. [PMID: 36367303 DOI: 10.1177/15248399221135109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
While attempts have been made to organize parenting practices in a working system, there are problems that make it difficult to understand how parenting is related to children's eating behaviors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of a new instrument evaluating parenting practices toward sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) using the nine intervention functions of the Behavior Change Wheel. Each intervention function (education, persuasion, incentivization, coercion, training, restriction, environmental restructuring, modeling, and enablement) was applied to a parenting practice for having a preschooler consume no more than 8 oz of SSBs per week. A survey was developed to evaluate each practice. Forty-eight parents of preschoolers (2-5 years old) completed the survey, and the most utilized practices were modeling, creating a supportive home environment, persuading children, and restricting SSBs. The framework presented in this study can be useful for determining which parenting practices are acceptable and effective for promoting health behaviors among children.
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Krupsky KL, Zvara BJ, Khalsa AS, Andridge R, Keim SA, Anderson SE. Household chaos, child temperament, and structure-related feeding practices in toddlerhood: A moderation analysis. Eat Behav 2024; 52:101838. [PMID: 38048650 PMCID: PMC11037389 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Structure-related feeding practices may promote intuitive child eating behaviors and foster responsiveness to internal cues of hunger and satiety. Caregivers' ability to engage in structure-related feeding practices likely depends on a complex ecology of factors, including household- and child-characteristics. This study examined associations between household chaos and structure-related feeding practices, and the moderating effect of child temperament. Data were from 275 caregiver-toddler dyads from central Ohio. Child temperament was reported by caregivers when children were 18 months of age, whereas household chaos and structure-related feeding practices were reported by caregivers when children were 36 months of age. Multivariable linear regression models were constructed to assess the relationship between chaos and structure-related feeding practices. Interaction terms between household chaos and three dimensions of child temperament were tested to determine whether temperament moderated the relationship between chaos and structure-related feeding practices. Household chaos was not independently associated with structure-related feeding practices, but higher levels of child effortful control were associated with greater mealtime structure. There was a statistically significant interaction between household chaos and child temperamental surgency, such that greater levels of chaos were associated with less structured mealtimes, but only when children had low-surgency. Findings suggest household chaos and child temperament inform caregiver feeding practices, but the influence of chaos may depend on more proximal factors, like child temperament. Recommendations to improve caregiver-child feeding interactions should be sensitive to characteristics of the broader family home environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Krupsky
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 336 Cunz Hall, 1841 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Bharathi J Zvara
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Dr., Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Amrik Singh Khalsa
- Division of Primary Care Pediatrics, Center for Child Health Equity and Outcomes Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Dr., Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Rebecca Andridge
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 1841 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Sarah A Keim
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 336 Cunz Hall, 1841 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Dr. NEOB 3rd Floor, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
| | - Sarah E Anderson
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 336 Cunz Hall, 1841 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Zhang X, Zhou Q, Vivor NK, Liu W, Cao J, Wang S. Sequential mediation of early temperament and eating behaviors in the pathways from feeding practices to childhood overweight and obesity. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1122645. [PMID: 37766743 PMCID: PMC10520502 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1122645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Childhood eating behaviors and temperament may have important implication for constructing the pathways from maternal feeding practices to childhood overweight and obesity (OW/OB). Examining multiple feeding styles simultaneously to childhood OW/OB is critical through the mediators of early childhood temperament and eating behaviors. Methods This cross-sectional study recruited mothers mainly responsible for child care from two hospitals and two healthcare centers in eastern China. Sociodemographic characteristics, and data from the Infant Feeding Style Questionnaire (IFSQ), the short form of Children Behavior Questionnaire [Revised (IBQ-RSF)], and the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire for toddler (CEBQ-T) were collected. Weight and recumbent length were measured to calculate the age- and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) z-scores (BMIz). The structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was used to examine direct and indirect pathways from five maternal feeding styles to childhood OW/OB through temperament and eating behaviors. Results A total of 486 children were recruited, 73 (15.02%) children were OW/OB; the age of the children was 14.55 (SD = 5.14) months, and the age of the mothers was 29.90 (SD = 3.63) years. The responsive feeding exerted significant direct (β = -0.098), indirect (β = -0.136) and total (β = -0.234) effects on childhood OW/OB. Restrictive feeding had significant direct (β = 0.222), indirect (β = 0.102) and total (β = 0.324) effects on childhood OW/OB. Indulgent feeding had significant direct (β = 0.220), indirect (β = 0.063), and total (β = 0.283) effects on childhood OW/OB. Pressuring feeding had significant direct (β = -0.116), indirect (β = -0.096) and total (β = -0.212) effects on childhood OW/OB. Discussion There was a direct effect of feeding practices on childhood OW/OB; feeding practices indirectly predicted childhood OW/OB through temperament and eating behaviors in children aged 6-23 months. This study could help governments agencies, policymakers, and healthcare workers to establish optimal intervention programs targeting feeding practices through childhood eating behaviors and temperament to prevent childhood OW/OB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Zhang
- School of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory for Research in Early Development and Childcare, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Medical Nursing, Union Technical Institute, Lianyungang Subbranch of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Wei Liu
- School of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junli Cao
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- School of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Loth KA, Ji Z, Kohli N, Fisher JO, Fulkerson JA. Parents of preschoolers use multiple strategies to feed their children: Findings from an observational video pilot study. Appetite 2023; 187:106615. [PMID: 37236362 PMCID: PMC10358371 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The current study leveraged observational data collection methods to fill gaps in our understanding of parent approach to feeding as well as child responses to various parental approaches. Specifically, the study aimed to: 1) characterize the broad range of food parenting practices used by parents of preschoolers during shared mealtimes at home, including differences by child gender, and 2) describe child responses to specific parent feeding practices. Forty parent-child dyads participated by recording two in-home shared meals. Meals were coded using a behavioral coding scheme that coded the occurrence of 11 distinct food parenting practices (e.g. indirect and direct commands, praise, bribes) and eight child responses (e.g., eat, refuse, cry/whine) to food parenting practices. Results revealed that parents engaged in a broad range of food parenting practices at meals. On average, parents in our sample used 10.51 (SD 7.83; Range 0-30) total food parenting practices per mealtime with a mean use of 3.38 (SD 1.67; Range 0-8) unique food parenting practices per mealtime. Use of indirect and direct commands to eat were most common; direct and indirect commands were used by 97.5% (n = 39) and 87.5% (n = 35) of parents at meals, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed by child gender. No one specific feeding practice consistently yielded compliance or refusal to eat from the child, instead child responses were often mixed (e.g., compliance followed by refusal and/or refusal followed by compliance). However, use of praise to prompt eating was the practice that most often resulted in child compliance; 80.8% of children complied following parent's use of praise as a prompt to eat. Findings deepen our understanding of the types and frequency of food parenting practices used by parents of preschoolers during meals eaten at home and illuminate child responses to specific food parenting practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Loth
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA.
| | - Z Ji
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - N Kohli
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Minnesota, 56 E River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - J O Fisher
- Center for Obesity Research and Education, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, 3223 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - J A Fulkerson
- School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, 308 SE Harvard Street, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
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Drew SD, Blake CE, Reyes LI, Gonzalez W, Monterrosa EC. Attributes of parenting identities and food practices among parents in Nairobi, Kenya. Appetite 2023; 180:106370. [PMID: 36375600 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Dramatic changes in daily life are leading to increased rates of obesity and non-communicable diseases (NCD) in Kenya, including among children. Parenting plays a vital role in helping children establish healthy eating habits to prevent obesity and NCDs. The objective of this study was to describe parenting identity and how attributes of parenting influence food parenting practices in an urban Kenyan context. A qualitative study design was employed with 18 participants recruited using quota sampling to include parents who were born in (n = 8) or migrated to Nairobi in the last five years (n = 10). In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted by an experienced ethnographic interviewer that inquired about parenting identity and food parenting practices. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic coding in a multi-step and emergent process. Parents described their parenting identities as an integration of tradition and personal experiences during their upbringing with the modern realities of daily life. Their own experiences with discipline, modern urban lifestyles, and social pressures were dominant influences on their identities. Parenting identities included four distinct but related attributes: good disciplinarian, trustworthy, protective, and balanced provider and nurturer. Food parenting practices were described as expressions of parenting identity and included the goals: children becoming better eaters; nourishing through food; impart joy; and bonding. The study findings illustrate the influence of modern urban lifestyles on food parenting identities and practices. Understanding emerging identities and practices in rapidly changing low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) contexts is essential for health promoting policies and programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiny Deepika Drew
- University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
| | - Christine E Blake
- University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
| | - Ligia I Reyes
- Cornell University, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
| | - Wendy Gonzalez
- Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition, Rue de Varembé 7, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Eva C Monterrosa
- Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition, Rue de Varembé 7, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Association between Parental Feeding Styles and Excess Weight, and Its Mediation by Diet, in Costa Rican Adolescents. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112314. [PMID: 35684111 PMCID: PMC9182736 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Whereas parental feeding styles (PFS) influence children’s diet, less is known about this relationship in adolescents. Methods. A cross-sectional study in 686 Costa Rican adolescents (13–18 years) evaluated 4 validated PFS scores: healthy eating verbal encouragement; scolding; directly controlling diet; instrumental/emotional. Diet was evaluated through 3-day food records, deriving a Traditional Costa Rica Adolescents Diet Score (TCRAD). Excess weight (EW) measured by BMI was dichotomized following standards. Regression-based mediation analysis estimated the overall and sex-stratified odds ratios of EW for natural direct (NDE), natural indirect (NIE), and total effects (TE) of the pathway PFS→TCRAD→EW. Results. A one-unit increase in the direct control PFS score was associated with higher EW odds overall [(TE: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.04–2.31; p-value = 0.033), (NDE: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.02–2.27; p-value = 0.039)], and in boys [(TE: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.04–4.38; p-value = 0.039), (NDE: 2.10; 95% CI: 1.03–4.31; p-value = 0.042)]. Non-significant mediation by TCRAD was observed for the healthy eating verbal encouragement PFS overall (p-value = 0.06). Associations for the instrumental/emotional and scolding PFS were not significant. Conclusions. Direct diet control from parents may contribute to adolescents’ excess weight, particularly among boys. Parents encouraging healthy eating might support adolescents’ healthy weight through a healthy diet. Longitudinal research should clarify the association between PFS and diet-related outcomes among diverse adolescents.
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Sobrepeso y obesidad: factores familiares, dietéticos y de actividad física en escolares de una institución educativa de estrato medio-alto en Cali, Colombia. BIOMÉDICA 2022; 42:100-115. [PMID: 35866734 PMCID: PMC9400795 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.6396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Introducción. Colombia es un país con problemas de sobrepeso y obesidad que, en muchas ocasiones, se deben a malos hábitos alimenticios. Objetivos. Describir la prevalencia del sobrepeso y la obesidad, así como los factores familiares, dietéticos y de actividad física en un grupo de escolares entre los 6 y los 9 años de edad pertenecientes al estrato socioeconómico 4 en Santiago de Cali, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en 150 niños de una institución educativa. Los datos sociodemográficos se recolectaron con un instrumento validado previamente. Para el diagnóstico del estado nutricional, se tomaron medidas antropométricas y se analizaron con el programa Anthro Plus de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Se detectaron 62 niños con sobrepeso u obesidad. Resultados. En cuanto al diagnóstico nutricional, 42 (28 %) niños tenían sobrepeso y 20 (13 %), obesidad. El 78 % pertenecía a los estratos socioeconómicos 4 y 5. En cuanto a las características familiares, el 47 % tenía un solo hermano y el 25 % correspondía a hijos únicos; el 76 % de las madres y el 70 % de los padres eran profesionales; el 95 % de los niños no hacía actividad física importante. Conclusiones. En el análisis de la asociación entre algunas variables, se evidenció la relación entre el estado nutricional y el número de hermanos; los escolares con mayor prevalencia de sobrepeso u obesidad, con mayor frecuencia eran hijos únicos o tenían solo un hermano. Se estableció asociación con la edad de las madres, especialmente entre los 41 y los 50 años, la escolaridad de los padres, el hecho de tener una ocupación o trabajo fuera del hogar, y la pertenencia a los estratos socioeconómicos 4 y 5.
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Grammer AC, Balantekin KN, Barch DM, Markson L, Wilfley DE. Parent-Child influences on child eating self-regulation and weight in early childhood: A systematic review. Appetite 2022; 168:105733. [PMID: 34619243 PMCID: PMC8671268 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Individual differences in child eating self-regulation are associated with excess weight gain and may be explained, in part, by the family feeding environment and a child's general propensity to self-regulate outside of the context of eating (i.e., general self-regulation). Several studies have examined the associations between food parenting behaviors, child eating and general self-regulation, and child weight separately. However, there are a paucity of data on whether and how these factors interact to confer risk for weight gain in early childhood. The current systematic review identified 32 longitudinal studies that examined unidirectional or bidirectional associations among one or more of the following paths: food parenting behaviors and child eating self-regulation (path 1); child eating self-regulation and child weight (path 2); child eating self-regulation and child general self-regulation (path 3); food parenting behaviors and child general self-regulation (path 4); and child general self-regulation and child weight (path 5). Results indicated relationships of food parenting behaviors to child eating self-regulation, child weight to child eating self-regulation, and child general self-regulation to child weight. However, there were scant longitudinal data that examined paths 3 and 4. Further research on the developmental correlates of child eating self-regulation is needed to identify parent and child targets for early childhood obesity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Claire Grammer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Katherine N Balantekin
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lori Markson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Denise E Wilfley
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Koning M, Vink J, Notten N, Gevers D, Eisinga R, Larsen J. Development and preliminary validation of the Adolescent Food Parenting Questionnaire: Parent and adolescent version. Appetite 2021; 167:105618. [PMID: 34348166 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Suitable instruments for measuring Food Parenting Practices (FPP) among adolescents and their parents that also measure the perception of adolescents about their parent's FPP are rare. The current study describes the development and preliminary testing of a short 16-item Adolescent Food Parenting Questionnaire (AFPQ) for parents (AFPQ-p) and adolescents (AFPQ-a) that may enable future large-scale research on potentially eminent parent-child FPP discrepancy. Participants included 381 parents (73.8 % mothers; Mage 45.9, 26.2% fathers; Mage 49.1) and their adolescent children (aged 12-16) who participated in the Dutch "G(F)OOD together" study. Most parents finished higher professional education (mothers: 44.3 %; fathers: 34.4 %) and performed a paid job of 32 h per week or more (mothers: 22.1 %; fathers: 60.0 %). The theoretical framework of Vaughn (2016) was leading in the development of the AFPQ. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on a random split sample of parent-adolescent dyads and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed on the other half. The EFA in both parent and adolescent samples resulted in a clear 5 factor solution explaining 61.6 % (AFPQ-p) and 64.2 % (AFPQ-a) of the variance respectively, representing the factors Autonomy Support (α = 0.79/.82), Coercive Control (α = 0.85/.83), Snack Structure (α = 0.79/75), Healthy Structure (α = 0.78/74) and Modelling (α = 0.69/85). CFA confirmed good model fit for the AFPQ-p and the AFPQ-a. Associations with adolescent self-reported food intake were in the expected direction, confirming the preliminary convergent validity of the instrument among a moderate to highly educated group of parent-adolescent dyads. Although the AFPQ provides a promising short instrument, future research in more diverse samples is needed to build evidence on the instrument's psychometric characteristics in other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Koning
- Department of Healthy Society, Knowledge Centre for Health and Social Work, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Zwolle, the Netherlands; Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Jacqueline Vink
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Natascha Notten
- Department of Healthy Society, Knowledge Centre for Health and Social Work, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Zwolle, the Netherlands.
| | - Dorus Gevers
- Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Rob Eisinga
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Junilla Larsen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Zhang L, Zhang Y, Qiu L, Yang G, Jiang H, Zheng M, Wang J. Parental feeding knowledge, practices and Chinese children and adolescents’ weight status. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2021.1919112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Sociology, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, China
| | - Yaorong Zhang
- Social Work, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, China
| | - Liya Qiu
- Sociology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Haiyan Jiang
- Sociology, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, China
- Social Work, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyi Zheng
- Sociology, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, China
- Social Work, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Sociology, School of Law, Anhui Normal University, Anhui, China
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Marília Prada, Saraiva M, Godinho CA, Tourais B, Cavalheiro BP, Garrido MV. Parental perceptions and practices regarding sugar intake by school-aged children: A qualitative study with Portuguese parents. Appetite 2021; 166:105471. [PMID: 34147567 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Excessive sugar intake is one of the factors contributing to the alarming rates of childhood obesity and overweight in Portugal. Children's preferences and food consumption patterns are largely determined by the foods that are more familiar to them. Parents and caregivers are responsible for shaping children's eating habits since they are the ones who choose the food available in the household. The present study explores parental perceptions about sugar and sugar intake and its consequences on children's health. Moreover, we also examined the practices that parents use to regulate their children's diet, namely, to promote the consumption of desired foods (e.g., vegetables) and limit the intake of undesired food (e.g., sweets), and the perceived barriers and facilitators of sugar intake regulation. To this end, 42 interviews were conducted with parents of school-aged children (ages 6-10 years). A thematic analysis revealed that parents perceive sugar as highly negative (e.g., "evil", "poison", "addiction") and its consumption as harmful (e.g., hyperactivity; overweight). Nonetheless, the view that sugary food consumption is not necessarily problematic was also common. Indeed, most parents considered that sugar intake should be regulated but not forbidden. To control the intake of sugary foods (e.g., sodas, cookies), they reported using strategies such as restriction, explanation, or negotiation. Several barriers to sugar intake regulation were identified (e.g., birthday parties, parents' lack of knowledge), but also a few facilitators (e.g., bringing food from home to school). Our findings may inform the development of interventions or policies to promote healthier eating habits in school-age children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Prada
- Iscte - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS_Iscte, Portugal.
| | - Magda Saraiva
- Iscte - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS_Iscte, Portugal
| | - Cristina A Godinho
- Direção-Geral da Saúde, Lisboa, Portugal; Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CRC-W: Católica Research Centre for Psychological, Family and Social Wellbeing, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Tourais
- Iscte - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS_Iscte, Portugal
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Prada M, Saraiva M, Viegas C, Cavalheiro BP, Garrido MV. Examining the Relationship between Sugar Content, Packaging Features, and Food Claims of Breakfast Cereals. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061841. [PMID: 34071159 PMCID: PMC8229424 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive free-sugar intake has become highly prevalent in numerous countries, and Portugal is not the exception. One product category that contributes to the daily intake of free sugars is breakfast cereals. In the current work, we identified 289 exemplars from two major retailers in Portugal and collected information on their nutritional profile (e.g., sugar, salt, fiber per 100 g), price, packaging features, type of food claims present (e.g., statements about the composition, sensory features, the origin of the product), and ingredients list. Overall, the sugar content of breakfast cereals was high (Mean = 19.9 g), and less than 10% of the products complied with the current national guidelines (i.e., 5 g of sugar per 100 g of product). Sugar (or other sugar sources) was listed in the top three ingredients for over 85% of the products. On average, each product included about four claims (Mean = 3.9), and sugar content was lower when the claims were related to the product composition. Critically, the sugar content was particularly high for children-oriented products (Mean = 26.4 g). Correlation analysis showed that breakfast cereals with higher sugar content also were cheaper and had lower quantities of fiber, proteins, and salt. Our findings suggest the need to implement strategies to reduce sugar in this product category (e.g., incentivize manufacturers to reformulate products). Also, our results may inform strategies aimed at promoting consumers' awareness about the sugar content in breakfast cereals and other processed foods, facilitating healthier decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Prada
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS_Iscte, Av. das Forças Armadas, Office AA110, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.S.); (B.P.C.); (M.V.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+351-217-650-214
| | - Magda Saraiva
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS_Iscte, Av. das Forças Armadas, Office AA110, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.S.); (B.P.C.); (M.V.G.)
| | - Claúdia Viegas
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.0.1, Parque das Nações, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Centre for Tourism Research, Development and Innovation-Pòlo do Estoril, Avenida Condes de Barcelona, n.° 808, 2769-510 Estoril, Portugal
| | - Bernardo P. Cavalheiro
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS_Iscte, Av. das Forças Armadas, Office AA110, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.S.); (B.P.C.); (M.V.G.)
| | - Margarida Vaz Garrido
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS_Iscte, Av. das Forças Armadas, Office AA110, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.S.); (B.P.C.); (M.V.G.)
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Mahmood L, Flores-Barrantes P, Moreno LA, Manios Y, Gonzalez-Gil EM. The Influence of Parental Dietary Behaviors and Practices on Children's Eating Habits. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041138. [PMID: 33808337 PMCID: PMC8067332 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor dietary habits established during childhood might persist into adulthood, increasing the risk of developing obesity and obesity-related complications such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. It has been found that early modifications in eating habits, especially during childhood, might promote health and decrease the risk of developing diseases during later life. Various studies found a great influence of parental dietary habits on dietary behaviors of their children regardless of demographic characteristics such as gender, age, socioeconomic status and country; however, the exact mechanism is still not clear. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to investigate both parents’ and children’s dietary behaviors, and to provide evidence for the potential influence of parents’ dietary behaviors and practices on certain children’s eating habits. Family meals were found to contribute the most in modeling children’s dietary habits as they represent an important moment of control and interaction between parents and their children. The parental practices that influenced their children most were role modeling and moderate restriction, suggesting that the increase of parental encouragement and decrease of excessive pressure could have a positive impact in their children’s dietary behaviors. This narrative review highlights that parental child-feeding behaviors should receive more attention in research studies as modifiable risk factors, which could help to design future dietary interventions and policies to prevent dietary-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Mahmood
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.M.); (P.F.-B.); (E.M.G.-G.)
| | - Paloma Flores-Barrantes
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.M.); (P.F.-B.); (E.M.G.-G.)
| | - Luis A. Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.M.); (P.F.-B.); (E.M.G.-G.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-(97)-676-1000
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science & Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece;
- Institute of Agri-food and Life Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Esther M. Gonzalez-Gil
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.M.); (P.F.-B.); (E.M.G.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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15
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Complementary Feeding Practices and Parental Pressure to Eat among Spanish Infants and Toddlers: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041982. [PMID: 33670769 PMCID: PMC7922078 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of complementary foods is a crucial stage in the development and determination of infants’ health status in both the short and longer-term. This study describes complementary feeding practices among infants and toddlers in Spain. Also, relationships among sample characteristics (both parents and their child), feeding practices (timing, type of complementary food), and parental pressure to eat were explored. Cognitive interviewing with 18 parents was used to refine the survey questions. Responses from a national random sample of 630 parents, who were responsible for feeding their infants and toddlers aged 3–18 months, were obtained. Solids, often cereals and/or fruits first, were introduced at a median age of five months. Fish and eggs were introduced around the age of nine and ten months. Almost all children were fed with home-prepared foods at least once per week (93%), and in 36% of the cases, salt was added. Interestingly, higher levels of parental pressure to eat were found in female infants, younger parents, parents with a full-time job, the southern regions of Spain, and in infants who were not fed with home-prepared foods. Our insights underline the importance of clear feeding recommendations that can support health care professionals in promoting effective strategies to improve parental feeding practices.
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Feeding practices demonstrated by parents of toddlers: An observational analysis of breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks. Appetite 2020; 155:104825. [PMID: 32777244 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the current study were to compare feeding practices and the eating environment (other people present, other people eating, and screen use) observed in families of toddlers across breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks. 60 families with toddlers (12-36 months; M = 24.7 months) video recorded all occasions over the course of a day when the toddler ate or drank. Videos were coded for a variety of feeding practices (e.g., prompts to eat, restriction), other people present and eating, and screen use. Prompts to eat were grouped into autonomy-supportive prompts (ASP) and coercive-controlling prompts (CCP). Results of the study showed different patterns of consistency between meals and snacks depending on the feeding practice examined. CCP were correlated across all eating occasions, including meals and snacks, but ASP, interference, and instruction were only correlated across the primary meals (all p-values < .05). ASP and praise were also more frequently demonstrated during the primary meals compared to snacks (p-values < .05). Parents also used more interference at dinner compared to both breakfast and snacks. Furthermore, mothers and siblings commonly ate with the toddler, especially during lunch and dinner, but family members infrequently ate with the child during snacks. The percentage of families using a screen was similar for breakfast (38%), lunch (39%), and dinner (33%), but slightly higher for snacks (47%). Together, the results of this study demonstrate notable differences in feeding practices and environmental factors during meals compared to snacks.
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17
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Mâsse LC, Tu AW, Watts A, Hughes SO, O'Connor TM. What parenting practices do US and Canadian parents use to encourage or discourage healthy eating among their 5-12 year-old children? Prev Med Rep 2020; 20:101234. [PMID: 33294311 PMCID: PMC7689546 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the parenting practices that parents of 5-12 year-old children report using to encourage or discourage children's healthy eating and examined sex differences in parent's responses. A stratified sample of 135 parents in the US and Canada completed a semi-qualitative online survey (Jan-Feb 2014) (stratified by parents' sex, income, and ethnicity of each country). Parents provided short answers to questions regarding the strategies they or other parents used to encourage or discourage their children's healthy eating (5-12 year-old). The 2389 parent responses were coded by two coders with discrepancies triangulated. Data was qualitatively reviewed and log-linear analysis assessed whether responses varied by types of encouragement (encourage, discourage), sex of parent (male, female), and six dimensions of parenting practices (autonomy promotion, structure of the food environment, behavioral and educational, control, responsiveness, and consistency of the food environment). Parenting practices that were controlling or promoted structure were predominantly mentioned as a way to regulate children's eating behavior. Strategies that support children's self-regulatory processes, such as autonomy promotion and responsiveness, were infrequently mentioned. Sex differences in parenting practices emerged. Mothers mentioned autonomy promoting practices more often than fathers did. Fathers mentioned controlling practices more often than mothers did as a practice that discouraged healthy eating among children. The findings highlighted that parents need to gain a greater understanding of the practices that nurture healthy eating in children, such as autonomy supportive and responsive parenting practices, to better support children as they grow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise C Mâsse
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute / School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Allison Watts
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Sheryl O Hughes
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Teresia M O'Connor
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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18
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Balantekin KN, Anzman-Frasca S, Francis LA, Ventura AK, Fisher JO, Johnson SL. Positive parenting approaches and their association with child eating and weight: A narrative review from infancy to adolescence. Pediatr Obes 2020; 15:e12722. [PMID: 32881344 PMCID: PMC8018716 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parents play a critical role in the development of children's eating behaviours and weight status, serving as providers, models and regulators of the food environment. Many research reviews have focused on the robust body of evidence on coercive control in feeding: how parenting practices such as restriction and pressure to eat increase children's risk for developing undesirable eating behaviours and unhealthy weight outcomes. Fewer reviews adopt a strengths-based perspective focusing on the ways that parents can actively support the development of healthy eating behaviours and weight trajectories. Emerging research on such positive parenting styles and practices offers solutions beyond the avoidance of coercive control, as well as opportunities to highlight parallels between research on food parenting and the broader, well-established developmental literature on positive parenting. The focus of this review is to summarize what is known regarding benefits of positive parenting styles and practices for child eating and weight outcomes and discuss recommendations for future research. Current evidence supports starting with responsive feeding and parenting during infancy and incorporating structure and limit setting in early childhood, with monitoring and mealtime structure remaining important during middle childhood and adolescence. Areas for future research include: (1) further examination of the implications of identified food parenting practices and styles among diverse groups and caregivers; (2) increased consideration of child factors (eg, temperament) as moderators or mediators; and (3) further clarification of the relationship between general parenting and food parenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine N. Balantekin
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo,Center for Ingestive Behavior Research, University at Buffalo
| | - Stephanie Anzman-Frasca
- Center for Ingestive Behavior Research, University at Buffalo,Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine, University at Buffalo
| | - Lori A. Francis
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University
| | - Alison K. Ventura
- Kinesiology and Public Health Department, California Polytechnic State University
| | | | - Susan L. Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
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19
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Russell CG, Russell A. "Food" and "non-food" self-regulation in childhood: a review and reciprocal analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:33. [PMID: 32151265 PMCID: PMC7063723 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00928-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In developmental science, there is an extensive literature on non-food related self-regulation in childhood, where several domains relating to emotions, actions and cognitions have been identified. There is now growing attention to food related self-regulation in childhood, especially difficulties with ASR, and the consequences for weight gain and adiposity. The aim of this narrative review was to conduct a reciprocal analysis of self-regulation in the food and non-food domains in childhood (referred to as appetite self-regulation (ASR) and general self-regulation (GSR) respectively). The focus was on commonalities and differences in key concepts and underpinning processes. METHODS Databases and major journals were searched using terms such as self-regulation, appetite self-regulation, or self-regulation of energy intake, together with associated constructs (e.g., Executive Function, Effortful Control, delay-of-gratification). This was followed by backward and forward snowballing. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The scholarship on GSR in childhood has had a focus on the role of the cognitively-oriented Executive Function (EF), the temperamentally-based Effortful Control (EC) and the recursive interplay between bottom-up (reactive, emotion driven, approach or avoidance) and top-down (cognitive, conscious decision-making) processes. "Hot" and "cool/cold" EF and self-regulation situations have been distinguished. There were some parallels between GSR and ASR in these areas, but uncertainty about the contribution of EF and EC to ASR in young children. Possible differences between the contribution to ASR-related outcomes of delay-of-gratification in food and non-food tasks were apparent. Unique elements of ASR were identified; associated with psychological, biological and neurological responses to food and bottom-up processes. A diverse number of situations or elements connected to ASR exist: for example, energy balance homeostasis, caloric compensation, hunger regulation, satiation, satiety, energy density of food, eating in the absence of hunger, emotional eating, etc. CONCLUSIONS: Self-regulation in food and non-food domains are amenable to a reciprocal analysis. We argue that self-regulation of appetite should be added as a domain under the umbrella of self-regulation in childhood along with the other non-food related domains. This could lead to a broader understanding of self-regulation in childhood, and generate novel lines of enquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine G Russell
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia.
| | - Alan Russell
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Sturt Rd, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
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20
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Whitfield KC, Ventura AK. Exploration of Responsive Feeding During Breastfeeding Versus Bottle Feeding of Human Milk: A Within-Subject Pilot Study. Breastfeed Med 2019; 14:482-486. [PMID: 31188021 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2019.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Responsive feeding promotes optimal feeding patterns and growth trajectories. Breastfeeding is thought to facilitate responsive feeding, but research to date has been limited to comparing formula-feeding and breastfeeding dyads. Using a within-subject approach, we aimed to assess maternal responsiveness to infant cues during two human milk feeding sessions differing by feeding modality (breastfeeding versus bottle feeding). Materials and Methods: Nine mother-infant dyads (infants ≤6 months) were recruited from the Halifax Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia, from April to May 2018. Two human milk-feeding sessions, directly from the breast and from a bottle, were video-recorded in participants' homes, then scored using the validated Nursing Child Assessment Satellite Training (NCAST) Caregiver/Parent-Child Interaction Feeding Scale. The second half of feeding sessions were coded for infant satiation cues. Results: All women earned a college degree or higher, and were partnered. Mothers were aged mean ± standard deviation 33.2 ± 4.0 years; infants were 14.6 ± 6.9 weeks old and six (67%) were female. Mothers were more sensitive to infant cues during breastfeeding (NCAST Maternal Sensitivity to Cues sub-scale score, 15.0 ± 1.0) than bottle feeding (13.4 ± 1.6; p = 0.016). There was a significantly longer latency from feeding session midpoint to the first satiation cue during breastfeeding (minutes:seconds; 3:00 ± 1:53 versus 0:45 ± 1:18 bottle feeding, p = 0.038). There was no difference in the number of infant cues by feeding modality. Conclusions: Despite the small sample with high socioeconomic status, this pilot study highlights differences in maternal responsiveness to infant cues by feeding modality with human milk, which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyly C Whitfield
- Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Alison K Ventura
- Department of Kinesiology and Public Health, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
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21
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Predictors of fruit and vegetable intake in low-income and racially diverse preschoolers: does parental feeding style matter? J Public Health (Oxf) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-018-0976-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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22
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Saltzman JA, Musaad S, Bost KK, McBride BA, Fiese BH. Associations between father availability, mealtime distractions and routines, and maternal feeding responsiveness: An observational study. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2019; 33:465-475. [PMID: 30816780 PMCID: PMC6533123 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Responsive feeding and frequency of family mealtimes are related to healthier eating behaviors and weight outcomes in children and adolescents. Distractions at mealtimes are related to greater intake of unhealthy food and a less positive mealtime emotional climate. However, there is little understanding of the effects of routines and father availability on distractions at family meals, and there is limited research investigating the effects of distractions among all family members on maternal feeding practices in toddlerhood. This study aims to characterize distractions at family mealtimes and examine associations between father availability, distractions, and observed responsive feeding. Descriptive analyses, nonlinear mixed models, and path analyses were conducted using observational (home-based family mealtimes) and self-report data collected from a subsample of families (n = 109) of 18- to 24-month-old children in the larger STRONG Kids 2 Study (N = 468). Between fathers, mothers, and children, families spent almost half of the mealtime distracted. Fathers and mothers engaged in about equal amounts of distractions, and children engaged in more technology-related distractions than parents. Fathers' absence at the mealtime was associated with more child distractions and less maternal feeding responsiveness. Lower paternal total distractions, maternal non-technology-object-related distractions, and higher household income were significantly associated with more observed maternal feeding responsiveness. Future research should investigate how father availability and family mealtime distractions may be associated directly and indirectly with children's eating behaviors and weight outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn A Saltzman
- Family Resiliency Center, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Salma Musaad
- Family Resiliency Center, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Kelly K Bost
- Family Resiliency Center, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Brent A McBride
- Family Resiliency Center, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Barbara H Fiese
- Family Resiliency Center, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
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23
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Stifter CA, Moding KJ. Temperament in obesity-related research: Concepts, challenges, and considerations for future research. Appetite 2019; 141:104308. [PMID: 31158396 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Temperament, defined as individual differences in reactivity and regulation, has important implications for the development of childhood obesity. Indeed, numerous studies have demonstrated associations between temperament and children's eating behavior, parent feeding practices, and children's weight outcomes. Together, these findings have significantly improved our understanding of the developmental pathways to obesity-related outcomes. However, to better our understanding of the role of temperament in children's health, greater attention to how temperament is conceptualized and measured is needed. The purpose of this paper is to review the concept and principles of temperament, describe challenges in the measurement of temperament, and provide considerations for future research aimed at understanding the relationship between temperament, food intake, and childhood obesity. Moving forward, a fuller appreciation of the complexity of the temperament concept and thoughtful selection of temperament measures may help improve predictions and identify targets for interventions aimed at decreasing the risk for obesity in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A Stifter
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, 119 Health and Human Development Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Kameron J Moding
- University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, 12631 E. 17th Ave, Mail Stop F561, Room 2600, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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24
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Russell CG, Russell A. A biopsychosocial approach to processes and pathways in the development of overweight and obesity in childhood: Insights from developmental theory and research. Obes Rev 2019; 20:725-749. [PMID: 30768750 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity has reached alarming proportions in many countries. There is consensus that both biological (especially genetic) and environmental (including psychosocial) factors contribute to weight gain and obesity in childhood. Research has identified extensive risk or predictive factors for childhood obesity from both of these domains. There is less consensus about the developmental processes or pathways showing how these risk factors lead to overweigh/obesity (OW/OB) in childhood. We outline a biopsychosocial process model of the development of OW/OB in childhood. The model and associated scholarship from developmental theory and research guide an analysis of research on OW/OB in childhood. The model incorporates biological factors such as genetic predispositions or susceptibility genes, temperament, and homeostatic and allostatic processes with the psychosocial and behavioral factors of parenting, parental feeding practices, child appetitive traits, food liking, food intakes, and energy expenditure. There is an emphasis on bidirectional and transactional processes linking child biology and behavior with psychosocial processes and environment. Insights from developmental theory and research include implications for conceptualization, measurement, research design, and possible multiple pathways to OW/OB. Understanding the developmental processes and pathways involved in childhood OW/OB should contribute to more targeted prevention and intervention strategies in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine G Russell
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Centre for Advanced Sensory Science, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Alan Russell
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia
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25
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Sano Y, Routh B, Lanigan J. Food parenting practices in rural poverty context. Appetite 2019; 135:115-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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26
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Frankel LA, Powell E, Jansen E. The Relationship between Structure-Related Food Parenting Practices and Children's Heightened Levels of Self-Regulation in Eating. Child Obes 2019; 14:81-88. [PMID: 29193981 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2017.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food parenting practices influence children's eating behaviors and weight status. Food parenting practices also influence children's self-regulatory abilities around eating, which has important implications for children's eating behaviors. The purpose of the following study is to examine use of structure-related food parenting practices and the potential impact on children's ability to self-regulate energy intake. METHODS Parents (n = 379) of preschool age children (M = 4.10 years, SD = 0.92) were mostly mothers (68.6%), Non-White (54.5%), and overweight/obese (50.1%). Hierarchical Multiple Regression was conducted to predict child self-regulation in eating from structure-related food parenting practices (structured meal setting, structured meal timing, family meal setting), while accounting for child weight status, parent age, gender, BMI, race, and yearly income. RESULTS Hierarchical Multiple Regression results indicated that structure-related feeding practices (structured meal setting and family meal setting, but not structured meal timing) are associated with children's heightened levels of self-regulation in eating. Models examining the relationship within children who were normal weight and overweight/obese indicated the following: a relationship between structured meal setting and heightened self-regulation in eating for normal-weight children and a relationship between family meal setting and heightened self-regulation in eating for overweight/obese children. CONCLUSIONS Researchers should further investigate these potentially modifiable parent feeding behaviors as a protective parenting technique, which possibly contributes to a healthy weight development by enhancing self-regulation in eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Frankel
- 1 Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, The University of Houston , Houston, TX
| | - Elisabeth Powell
- 1 Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, The University of Houston , Houston, TX
| | - Elena Jansen
- 2 Center for Children's Health Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology , South Brisbane, Australia
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Liszewska N, Scholz U, Radtke T, Horodyska K, Luszczynska A. Bi-directional associations between parental feeding practices and children's body mass in parent-child dyads. Appetite 2018; 129:192-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Russell CG, Russell A. Biological and Psychosocial Processes in the Development of Children's Appetitive Traits: Insights from Developmental Theory and Research. Nutrients 2018; 10:E692. [PMID: 29844283 PMCID: PMC6024602 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been increasing concern expressed about children's food intakes and dietary patterns. These are closely linked to children's appetitive traits (such as disinhibited eating and food fussiness/neophobia). Research has examined both biological and psychosocial correlates or predictors of these traits. There has been less focus on possible processes or mechanisms associated with children's development of these traits and research that links biological and psychosocial factors. There is an absence of research that links biological and psychosocial factors. In the present article, we outline a model intended to facilitate theory and research on the development of appetitive traits. It is based on scholarship from developmental theory and research and incorporates biological factors such as genetic predispositions and temperament as well as psychosocial factors in terms of parent cognitions, feeding styles and feeding practices. Particular attention is directed to aspects such as emotional eating and feeding, self-regulation of energy intake, and non-shared family environments. We highlight the opportunity for longitudinal research that examines bidirectional, transactional and cascade processes and uses a developmental framework. The model provides a basis for connecting the biological foundations of appetitive traits to system-level analysis in the family. Knowledge generated through the application of the model should lead to more effective prevention and intervention initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine G Russell
- Deakin University, Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Centre for Advanced Sensory Science, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia.
| | - Alan Russell
- Flinders University, College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Sturt Rd, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
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Mezzavilla RDS, Ferreira MDF, Curioni CC, Lindsay AC, Hasselmann MH. Intimate partner violence and breastfeeding practices: a systematic review of observational studies. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2018; 94:226-237. [PMID: 28888613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the association between intimate partner violence and breastfeeding practices in the literature. DATA SOURCES The search was carried out in five databases, including MEDLINE, LILACS, SCOPUS, PsycoINFO, and Science Direct. The search strategy was carried out in February 2017. The authors included original studies with observational design, which investigated forms of intimate partner violence (including emotional, physical, and/or sexual) and breastfeeding practices. The quality of the studies was assessed based on the bias susceptibility through criteria specifically developed for this review. SUMMARY OF DATA The study included 12 original articles (10 cross-sectional, one case-control, and one cohort study) carried out in different countries. The forms of intimate partner violence observed were emotional, physical, and/or sexual. Breastfeeding was investigated by different tools and only assessed children between 2 days and 6 months of life. Of the 12 studies included in this review, eight found a lower breastfeeding intention, breastfeeding initiation, and exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of the child's life, and a higher likelihood of early termination of exclusive breastfeeding among women living at home where violence was present. The quality varied between the studies and six were classified as having low bias susceptibility based on the assessed items. CONCLUSIONS Intimate partner violence is associated with inadequate breastfeeding practices of children aged 2 days to 6 months of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ana Cristina Lindsay
- University of Massachusetts Boston, Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, Boston, United States; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, Boston, United States
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Intimate partner violence and breastfeeding practices: a systematic review of observational studies. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2017.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Gevers DWM, Kremers SPJ, de Vries NK, van Assema P. The Comprehensive Snack Parenting Questionnaire (CSPQ): Development and Test-Retest Reliability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E862. [PMID: 29701655 PMCID: PMC5981901 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15050862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The narrow focus of existing food parenting instruments led us to develop a food parenting practices instrument measuring the full range of food practices constructs with a focus on snacking behavior. We present the development of the questionnaire and our research on the test-retest reliability. The developed Comprehensive Snack Parenting Questionnaire (CSPQ) covers 21 constructs. Test-retest reliability was assessed by calculating intra class correlation coefficients and percentage agreement after two administrations of the CSPQ among a sample of 66 Dutch parents. Test-retest reliability analysis revealed acceptable intra class correlation coefficients (≥0.41) or agreement scores (≥0.60) for all items. These results, together with earlier work, suggest sufficient psychometric characteristics. The comprehensive, but brief CSPQ opens up chances for highly essential but unstudied research questions to understand and predict children’s snack intake. Example applications include studying the interactional nature of food parenting practices or interactions of food parenting with general parenting or child characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorus W M Gevers
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P.O. Box 616, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Stef P J Kremers
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P.O. Box 616, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Nanne K de Vries
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P.O. Box 616, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P.O. Box 616, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Patricia van Assema
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P.O. Box 616, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Fallon M, Halloran K, Gorman K, Ward D, Greene G, Tovar A. Self-reported and observed feeding practices of Rhode Island Head Start teachers: Knowing what not to do. Appetite 2017; 120:310-317. [PMID: 28916196 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Through their feeding practices, adult caregivers play an important role in shaping children's eating behaviors. However, the feeding practices of child care teachers have received little attention. The purpose of this study was to compare child care teachers' self-reported feeding practices and observed feeding practices during a preschool meal. METHODS Rhode Island Head Start teachers (n = 85) were observed during breakfast and lunch where feeding practices were coded using a tool adapted from the Environmental Policy Assessment and Observation (EPAO) tool. Teachers completed a questionnaire adapted from the EPAO Self-Report to capture self-reported feeding practices. Agreement between reported and observed was compared by percent agreement. RESULTS Teachers were predominantly White (89%) and female (98%). There was a higher level of agreement among self-reported and observed controlling feeding practices (78.8-97.6% agreement) compared to healthful feeding practices (11.8-20.0% agreement). CONCLUSIONS Although self-report measures are typically used to capture feeding practices, there are inconsistencies between self-report and observation measures. The inconsistencies found among healthful self-reported and observed feeding practices have implications for future research protocols, measurement refinement, and training of child care teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Fallon
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States.
| | - Katherine Halloran
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States.
| | - Kathleen Gorman
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States.
| | - Dianne Ward
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
| | - Geoffrey Greene
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States.
| | - Alison Tovar
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States.
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O'Connor TM, Mâsse LC, Tu AW, Watts AW, Hughes SO, Beauchamp MR, Baranowski T, Pham T, Berge JM, Fiese B, Golley R, Hingle M, Kremers SPJ, Rhee KE, Skouteris H, Vaughn A. Food parenting practices for 5 to 12 year old children: a concept map analysis of parenting and nutrition experts input. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14:122. [PMID: 28893273 PMCID: PMC5594481 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0572-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parents are an important influence on children’s dietary intake and eating behaviors. However, the lack of a conceptual framework and inconsistent assessment of food parenting practices limits our understanding of which food parenting practices are most influential on children. The aim of this study was to develop a food parenting practice conceptual framework using systematic approaches of literature reviews and expert input. Method A previously completed systematic review of food parenting practice instruments and a qualitative study of parents informed the development of a food parenting practice item bank consisting of 3632 food parenting practice items. The original item bank was further reduced to 110 key food parenting concepts using binning and winnowing techniques. A panel of 32 experts in parenting and nutrition were invited to sort the food parenting practice concepts into categories that reflected their perceptions of a food parenting practice conceptual framework. Multi-dimensional scaling produced a point map of the sorted concepts and hierarchical cluster analysis identified potential solutions. Subjective modifications were used to identify two potential solutions, with additional feedback from the expert panel requested. Results The experts came from 8 countries and 25 participated in the sorting and 23 provided additional feedback. A parsimonious and a comprehensive concept map were developed based on the clustering of the food parenting practice constructs. The parsimonious concept map contained 7 constructs, while the comprehensive concept map contained 17 constructs and was informed by a previously published content map for food parenting practices. Most of the experts (52%) preferred the comprehensive concept map, while 35% preferred to present both solutions. Conclusion The comprehensive food parenting practice conceptual map will provide the basis for developing a calibrated Item Response Modeling (IRM) item bank that can be used with computerized adaptive testing. Such an item bank will allow for more consistency in measuring food parenting practices across studies to better assess the impact of food parenting practices on child outcomes and the effect of interventions that target parents as agents of change. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12966-017-0572-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresia M O'Connor
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Louise C Mâsse
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew W Tu
- Child & Family Research Institute, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Allison W Watts
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sheryl O Hughes
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tom Baranowski
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Truc Pham
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jerica M Berge
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Barbara Fiese
- Family Resilience Center, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Rebecca Golley
- Sansom Institute for Health Research (PHRC), School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Melanie Hingle
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Stef P J Kremers
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kyung E Rhee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Helen Skouteris
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amber Vaughn
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Wang L, van de Gaar VM, Jansen W, Mieloo CL, van Grieken A, Raat H. Feeding styles, parenting styles and snacking behaviour in children attending primary schools in multiethnic neighbourhoods: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e015495. [PMID: 28710213 PMCID: PMC5734265 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate whether feeding styles and parenting styles are associated with children's unhealthy snacking behaviour and whether the associations differ according to children's ethnic background. METHOD Cross-sectional data from the population-based 'Water Campaign' study were used. Parents (n=644) of primary school children (6-13 years) completed a questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics, feeding style dimensions ('control over eating', 'emotional feeding', 'encouragement to eat' and 'instrumental feeding'), parenting style dimensions ('involvement' and 'strictness') and children's unhealthy snacking behaviour. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine whether feeding styles and parenting styles were associated with children's unhealthy snacking behaviour. RESULT Overall, children whose parents had a higher extent of 'control over eating' had a lower odds of eating unhealthy snacks more than once per day (OR, 0.57; 95% CI 0.42 to 0.76). Further stratified analysis showed that 'control over eating' was associated with less unhealthy snacking behaviour only in children with a Dutch (OR, 0.37; 95% CI 0.20 to 0.68) or a Moroccan/Turkish (OR, 0.44; 95% CI 0.25 to 0.77) ethnic background. 'Encouragement to eat' was associated with a lower odds of eating unhealthy snacks every day in children with a Dutch ethnic background only (OR, 0.48; 95% CI 0.25 to 0.90). 'Instrumental feeding' was associated with a higher odds of eating unhealthy snacks more than once a day in children with a Moroccan/Turkish ethnic background only (OR, 1.43; 95% CI 1.01 to 2.04). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that 'control over eating' may be associated with less unhealthy snack consumption in children. The associations of feeding styles and parenting styles with children's unhealthy snacking behaviour differed between children with different ethnic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vivian M van de Gaar
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma Jansen
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Social Development, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cathelijne L Mieloo
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Municipal Public Health Service Rotterdam-Rijnmond, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amy van Grieken
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hein Raat
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Penilla C, Tschann JM, Deardorff J, Flores E, Pasch LA, Butte NF, Gregorich SE, Greenspan LC, Martinez SM, Ozer E. Fathers' feeding practices and children's weight status in Mexican American families. Appetite 2017. [PMID: 28629931 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mothers' feeding practices are associated with their children's weight status, but little is known about the associations between fathers' feeding practices and children's weight status. Moreover, there is a dearth of research on Latino fathers' feeding practices and children's weight status, even though Latino children suffer some of the highest obesity rates in the U.S. We examined the associations between fathers' feeding practices and child weight status, conditional on mothers' feeding practices, within 174 Mexican American families with children aged 8-10 years. Parents completed the Parental Feeding Practices Questionnaire, which consists of four subscales: positive involvement in child eating, pressure to eat, use of food to control behavior, and restriction of amount of food. To assess child weight status, body mass index (BMI) was calculated and converted to age- and gender-specific percentile scores (BMI z-score). We fit four sets of regression models, one set for each of the four parental feeding practices subscales, with child BMI z-score as the outcome variable. Fathers' pressure to eat (b = -0.20, p = 0.04; 95% CI: -0.39, -0.01) and use of food to control behavior (b = -0.36, p = 0.02; 95% CI: -0.65, -0.07) were associated with lower child BMI z-score, and restriction of amount of food (b = 0.56, p < 0.001; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.84) was associated with higher child BMI z-score, after accounting for mothers' feeding practices. Fathers' positive involvement in child eating was not associated with child BMI z-score. These findings provide empirical evidence that fathers' feeding practices are independently associated with children's weight status, even when mothers' feeding practices are taken into account, and suggest that fathers' feeding practices also matter in regard to children's weight status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Penilla
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 50 University Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720-7360, USA.
| | - Jeanne M Tschann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, Box 0848, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0848, USA.
| | - Julianna Deardorff
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 50 University Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720-7360, USA.
| | - Elena Flores
- Department of Counseling, University of San Francisco, 2130 Fulton St, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA.
| | - Lauri A Pasch
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, Box 0848, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0848, USA.
| | - Nancy F Butte
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX, 77030-2600, USA.
| | - Steven E Gregorich
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Box 0856, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0856, USA.
| | | | - Suzanna M Martinez
- Nutrition Policy Institute, University of California, 1111 Franklin St, 10th Floor, Oakland, CA, 94607, USA.
| | - Emily Ozer
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 50 University Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720-7360, USA.
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Roach E, Viechnicki GB, Retzloff LB, Davis-Kean P, Lumeng JC, Miller AL. Family food talk, child eating behavior, and maternal feeding practices. Appetite 2017; 117:40-50. [PMID: 28587941 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Families discuss food and eating in many ways that may shape child eating habits. Researchers studying how families talk about food have examined this process during meals. Little work has examined parent-child food-related interactions outside of mealtime. We assessed family food talk at home outside of mealtime and tested whether food talk was associated with obesogenic child eating behaviors, maternal feeding practices, or child weight. Preschool and school-aged mother-child dyads (n = 61) participated in naturalistic voice recording using a LENA (Language ENvironment Analysis) recorder. A coding scheme was developed to reliably characterize different types of food talk from LENA transcripts. Mothers completed the Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) and Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) to assess child eating behaviors and maternal feeding practices. Child weight and height were measured and body mass index z-score (BMIz) calculated. Bivariate associations among food talk types, as a proportion of total speech, were examined and multivariate regression models used to test associations between food talk and child eating behaviors, maternal feeding practices, and child BMIz. Proportion of child Overall Food Talk and Food Explanations were positively associated with CEBQ Food Responsiveness and Enjoyment of Food (p's < 0.05). Child food Desire/Need and child Prep/Planning talk were positively associated with CEBQ Enjoyment of Food (p < 0.05). Child Food Enjoyment talk and mother Overt Restriction talk were positively associated with CEBQ Emotional Over-Eating (p < 0.05). Mother Monitoring talk was positively associated with CFQ Restriction (p < 0.05). Mother Prep/Planning talk was negatively associated with child BMIz. Food talk outside of mealtimes related to child obesogenic eating behaviors and feeding practices in expected ways; examining food talk outside of meals is a novel way to consider feeding practices and child eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Roach
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, USA
| | | | - Lauren B Retzloff
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, USA
| | - Pamela Davis-Kean
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, USA; Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, USA
| | - Julie C Lumeng
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, USA
| | - Alison L Miller
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, USA; Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, USA.
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Associations of parental food-choice control and use of food to soothe with adiposity in childhood and adolescence. Appetite 2017; 113:71-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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van der Horst K, Sleddens EFC. Parenting styles, feeding styles and food-related parenting practices in relation to toddlers' eating styles: A cluster-analytic approach. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178149. [PMID: 28542555 PMCID: PMC5443548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Toddlers’ eating behaviors are influenced by the way parents interact with their children. The objective of this study was to explore how five major constructs of general parenting behavior cluster in parents of toddlers. These parenting clusters were further explored to see how they differed in the use of feeding strategies (i.e. feeding styles and food parenting practices) and by reported child eating styles. Methods An online survey with 1005 mothers/caregivers (legal guardians) with at least one child between 12 and 36 months old was conducted in the United States in 2012, assessing general parenting behavior, feeding style, food parenting practices and the child eating styles. Results A three cluster solution of parenting style was found and clusters were labelled as overprotective/supervising, authoritarian, and authoritative. The clusters differed in terms of general parenting behaviors. Both overprotective and authoritative clusters showed high scores on structure, behavioral control, and nurturance. The overprotective cluster scored high on overprotection. The ‘authoritarian’ cluster showed lowest levels of nurturance, structure and behavioral control. Overprotective and authoritative parents showed very similar patterns in the use of food parenting practices, e.g. monitoring food intake, modeling, and promoting healthy food intake and availability at home. Overprotective parents also reported higher use of pressure to eat and involvement. Authoritarian parents reported high use of giving the child control over their food behaviors, emotion regulation, using food as a reward, and controlling food intake for weight control. Children’s eating styles did not largely vary by parenting cluster. Conclusion This study showed that a relatively new parenting style of overprotection is relevant for children’s eating behaviors. Overprotective parents reported food parenting practices that are known to be beneficial for children’s food intake, such as modelling healthy food intake, as well as more unfavorable practices such as pressure. Longitudinal data on parenting practices and their relation to healthy eating in children is needed to inform communication and interventions for parents, reinforcing key feeding strategies which have positive effects on child eating behaviors and addressing parenting styles that have unintended negative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klazine van der Horst
- Nestlé Research Center, Institute of Nutritional Science, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Ester F. C. Sleddens
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Diep CS, Leung R, Thompson DI, Gor BJ, Baranowski T. Culture and Diet Among Chinese American Children Aged 9-13 Years: A Qualitative Study. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2017; 49:275-284.e1. [PMID: 28027858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine Chinese American children's behaviors, food preferences, and cultural influences on their diet. DESIGN Qualitative individual interviews using constructs from the proposed model of dietary acculturation. SETTING Community centers and Chinese schools in Houston, TX. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-five Chinese American children aged 9-13 years. PHENOMENON OF INTEREST Diet, favorite restaurants, and parents' cooking and grocery shopping habits. ANALYSIS Content analysis and thematic data analysis to identify code categories and themes. Coders also identified patterns based on demographic and acculturation factors. RESULTS Overall, participants described their diets and associated behaviors as Asian and non-Asian. Key themes included preference for Asian and non-Asian foods; consumption of non-Asian foods for breakfast and lunch, but Asian foods for dinner; infrequent dining at restaurants; grocery shopping at Asian and non-Asian stores; and familial influences on diet. Acculturated children and children of higher socioeconomic status appeared to prefer and consume a more Westernized/non-Asian diet. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Results illustrate that Chinese American children in this study practiced both Asian and non-Asian dietary behaviors. Findings corroborated existing acculturation research with parents and caregivers; supported constructs in the model of dietary acculturation; and provide guidance for research and programs related to dietary behaviors, determinants, and culture among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra S Diep
- US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Health Disparities Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
| | - Randall Leung
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Debbe I Thompson
- US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Beverly J Gor
- Office of Planning, Evaluation and Research for Effectiveness, Houston Health Department, Houston, TX
| | - Tom Baranowski
- US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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Saltzman JA, Pineros-Leano M, Liechty JM, Bost KK, Fiese BH. Eating, feeding, and feeling: emotional responsiveness mediates longitudinal associations between maternal binge eating, feeding practices, and child weight. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2016; 13:89. [PMID: 27484590 PMCID: PMC4971716 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-016-0415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although it is known that maternal disordered eating is related to restrictive feeding practices, there is little research exploring mechanisms for this association or its effects on other feeding practices. The purpose of this study was to assess whether maternal emotion responses mediate the association between maternal binge eating (BE) and child feeding practices, in order to identify potential risk factors for feeding practices that influence child weight. Methods This longitudinal observational study included (n = 260) mothers and children from the STRONG Kids Panel Survey. At Wave 1, children were an average of 37 months old (SD = 6.9), and at Wave 2 children were an average of 57 months old (SD = 8.3). Mothers self-reported their frequency of binge eating behavior (Wave 1), responses to children’s negative emotions (Wave 1), feeding practices (Wave 1 and Wave 2), and child height and weight were measured at both time points. Using bias-corrected bootstrapping procedures, we tested the hypothesis that longitudinal associations between maternal BE and nonresponsive parent feeding practices would be mediated by parents’ unsupportive responses to children’s negative emotion. We also tested a serial mediation model positing that maternal BE predicts child body mass index (BMI) percentile change 18-24 months later, indirectly through unsupportive responses to negative emotion and nonresponsive feeding practices. Results Maternal BE predicted use of more nonresponsive feeding practices (e.g. Emotion Regulation, Restriction for Health, Pressure to Eat, and Food as Reward), indirectly through more Distress responses to children’s negative emotions. In the serial mediation model, maternal BE was associated with greater use of Distress responses, which indirectly predicted higher child BMI percentile through Food as Reward feeding practices. Conclusions These results suggest that maternal eating and emotion responsiveness are important for understanding the interpersonal context of feeding behaviors, and child weight outcomes. Distress responses may serve as a risk factor for use of unhealthful feeding practices among mothers with BE and these responses may increase children’s risk for weight gain. Trial registration This study used an observational prospective design. Therefore, it has not been registered as a clinical intervention trial. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12966-016-0415-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn A Saltzman
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 904 South Nevada St., MC-081, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Illinois Transdisciplinary Obesity Prevention Program, University of Illinois, Champaign, USA.
| | - Maria Pineros-Leano
- Illinois Transdisciplinary Obesity Prevention Program, University of Illinois, Champaign, USA.,School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1010 West Nevada St., Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Janet M Liechty
- Illinois Transdisciplinary Obesity Prevention Program, University of Illinois, Champaign, USA.,School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1010 West Nevada St., Urbana, IL, USA.,College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1010 West Nevada St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Kelly K Bost
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 904 South Nevada St., MC-081, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Illinois Transdisciplinary Obesity Prevention Program, University of Illinois, Champaign, USA
| | - Barbara H Fiese
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 904 South Nevada St., MC-081, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Illinois Transdisciplinary Obesity Prevention Program, University of Illinois, Champaign, USA.,Family Resiliency Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 904 South Nevada St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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Abstract
This paper describes the epidemiologic evidence linking parent-child relationships, self-regulation, and weight status with a focus on early childhood. The emotional quality of parent-child interactions may influence children's risk for obesity through multiple pathways. Prospective studies linking observer ratings of young children's self-regulation, particularly inhibitory control, to future weight status are discussed. Although findings are preliminary, promoting positive relationships between parents/caregivers and young children holds promise as a component of efforts to prevent childhood obesity. Multi-disciplinary collaborations between researchers with training in developmental science and child health should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Anderson
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 336 Cunz Hall, 1841 Neil Ave, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, Ph. # 614 688 3600; Fax # 614 688-3533,
| | - Sarah A. Keim
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, Ohio 43205, Ph. #614 722 2000,
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Kasper N, Mandell C, Ball S, Miller AL, Lumeng J, Peterson KE. The Healthy Meal Index: A tool for measuring the healthfulness of meals served to children. Appetite 2016; 103:54-63. [PMID: 26994739 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.02.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Family meals have been associated with higher diet quality and reduced risk of obesity in children. Observational studies of the family meal have been employed with increasing frequency, yet there is currently no tool available for measuring the healthfulness of food served during the meal. Here we present the development and validation of the Healthy Meal Index (HMI), a novel tool for scoring the healthfulness of foods served to children during a meal, as well as sociodemographic predictors of meal scores. Parents of 233 children, aged 4-8 years, self-recorded three home dinners. A research assistant obtained a list of foods available during the meal (meal report) via phone call on the night of each video-recorded meal. This meal report was coded into component food groups. Subsequently, meals were scored based on the availability of more healthy "Adequacy foods" and the absence of "Moderation foods", (of which reduced consumption is recommended, according to pediatric dietary guidelines). Adjusted linear regression tested the association of sociodemographic characteristics with HMI scores. A validation study was conducted in a separate sample of 133 children with detailed meal data. In adjusted models, female children had higher HMI Moderation scores (p = 0.02), but did not differ in HMI Adequacy or Total scores. Parents with more education served meals with higher HMI Adequacy (p = 0.001) and Total scores (p = 0.001), though no significant difference was seen in HMI Moderation score (p = 0.21). The validation study demonstrated that the HMI was highly correlated with servings of foods and nutrients estimated from observations conducted by research staff. The HMI is a valuable tool for measuring the quality of meals served to children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Kasper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cami Mandell
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sarah Ball
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Michigan Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alison L Miller
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Health Behavior & Health Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Julie Lumeng
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Shriver LH, Buehler C. Promoting Fruit and Vegetables in Young Children: What Advice Can Pediatricians Give to Parents? Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2016; 55:209-13. [PMID: 26260399 DOI: 10.1177/0009922815600441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Khandpur N, Charles J, Blaine RE, Blake C, Davison K. Diversity in fathers' food parenting practices: A qualitative exploration within a heterogeneous sample. Appetite 2016; 101:134-45. [PMID: 26930383 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.02.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food parenting practices (FPPs) are important in shaping children's dietary behaviors. However, existing FPP knowledge is largely based on research with mothers. PURPOSE This study (1) identified fathers' FPPs; (2) described differences in FPP use by fathers' education and residential status. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 fathers (39 ± 9.1 years; 37.5% non-residential; 40% ≥college education). Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. NVivo 10 was used for theme detection, categorization and classification using inductive and deductive approaches. FPPs were identified and their relative distribution was examined across education and residential status. RESULTS Twenty FPPs were identified - 13 responsive practices and 7 unresponsive practices. Having food rules was the most common responsive FPP (81.5%), followed by feeding on schedule (60%) and making healthy food accessible (60%). Common unresponsive FPPs were letting child dictate preferences (70%), incentivizing food consumption (60%) and pressuring the child to eat (35%). Compared to fathers with a college education, more fathers without a college education reported letting child dictate preferences (92% vs. 37%), educating their children about food (37% vs 12%), fewer reported feeding on schedule (50% vs. 75%), modeling healthy practices (29% vs. 50%), and using distraction to feed (4% vs. 37%). Compared to residential fathers, more non-residential fathers monitored (60% vs. 40%) or encouraged (60% vs. 36%) child food intake and let child dictate preferences (87% vs. 60%). CONCLUSIONS Fathers used an extensive variety of FPPs, similar to those identified in mothers. Further study on the influence of fathers' education and residential status on FPP use is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Khandpur
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Jo Charles
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rachel E Blaine
- California State University, Long Beach, Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
| | - Christine Blake
- University of South Carolina, Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Kirsten Davison
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Russell CG, Taki S, Laws R, Azadi L, Campbell KJ, Elliott R, Lynch J, Ball K, Taylor R, Denney-Wilson E. Effects of parent and child behaviours on overweight and obesity in infants and young children from disadvantaged backgrounds: systematic review with narrative synthesis. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:151. [PMID: 26875107 PMCID: PMC4753044 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-2801-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the crucial need to develop targeted and effective approaches for obesity prevention in children most at risk, the pathways explaining socioeconomic disparity in children’s obesity prevalence remain poorly understood. Methods We conducted a systematic review of the literature that investigated causes of weight gain in children aged 0–5 years from socioeconomically disadvantaged or Indigenous backgrounds residing in OECD countries. Major electronic databases were searched from inception until December 2015. Key words identified studies addressing relationships between parenting, child eating, child physical activity or sedentary behaviour and child weight in disadvantaged samples. Results A total of 32 articles met the inclusion criteria. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool quality rating for the studies ranged from 25 % (weak) to 100 % (strong). Studies predominantly reported on relationships between parenting and child weight (n = 21), or parenting and child eating (n = 12), with fewer (n = 8) investigating child eating and weight. Most evidence was from socio-economically disadvantaged ethnic minority groups in the USA. Clustering of diet, weight and feeding behaviours by socioeconomic indicators and ethnicity precluded identification of independent effects of each of these risk factors. Conclusions This review has highlighted significant gaps in our mechanistic understanding of the relative importance of different aspects of parent and child behaviours in disadvantaged population groups. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-2801-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Georgina Russell
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Centre for Obesity Management and Prevention Research Excellence in Primary Health Care (COMPaREPHC), Sydney, Australia.
| | - Sarah Taki
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Obesity Management and Prevention Research Excellence in Primary Health Care (COMPaREPHC), Sydney, Australia
| | - Rachel Laws
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia.,Centre for Obesity Management and Prevention Research Excellence in Primary Health Care (COMPaREPHC), Sydney, Australia
| | - Leva Azadi
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia.,Centre for Obesity Management and Prevention Research Excellence in Primary Health Care (COMPaREPHC), Sydney, Australia
| | - Karen J Campbell
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia.,Centre for Obesity Management and Prevention Research Excellence in Primary Health Care (COMPaREPHC), Sydney, Australia
| | - Rosalind Elliott
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Obesity Management and Prevention Research Excellence in Primary Health Care (COMPaREPHC), Sydney, Australia
| | - John Lynch
- School of Population Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Centre for Obesity Management and Prevention Research Excellence in Primary Health Care (COMPaREPHC), Sydney, Australia
| | - Kylie Ball
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia.,Centre for Obesity Management and Prevention Research Excellence in Primary Health Care (COMPaREPHC), Sydney, Australia
| | - Rachael Taylor
- University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Centre for Obesity Management and Prevention Research Excellence in Primary Health Care (COMPaREPHC), Sydney, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Denney-Wilson
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Obesity Management and Prevention Research Excellence in Primary Health Care (COMPaREPHC), Sydney, Australia
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The Child-care Food and Activity Practices Questionnaire (CFAPQ): development and first validation steps. Public Health Nutr 2015; 19:1964-75. [PMID: 26634610 PMCID: PMC4990721 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980015003444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a questionnaire to measure food-related and activity-related practices of child-care staff, based on existing, validated parenting practices questionnaires. DESIGN A selection of items from the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (CFPQ) and the Preschooler Physical Activity Parenting Practices (PPAPP) questionnaire was made to include items most suitable for the child-care setting. The converted questionnaire was pre-tested among child-care staff during cognitive interviews and pilot-tested among a larger sample of child-care staff. Factor analyses with Varimax rotation and internal consistencies were used to examine the scales. Spearman correlations, t tests and ANOVA were used to examine associations between the scales and staff's background characteristics (e.g. years of experience, gender). SETTING Child-care centres in the Netherlands. SUBJECTS The qualitative pre-test included ten child-care staff members. The quantitative pilot test included 178 child-care staff members. RESULTS The new questionnaire, the Child-care Food and Activity Practices Questionnaire (CFAPQ), consists of sixty-three items (forty food-related and twenty-three activity-related items), divided over twelve scales (seven food-related and five activity-related scales). The CFAPQ scales are to a large extent similar to the original CFPQ and PPAPP scales. The CFAPQ scales show sufficient internal consistency with Cronbach's α ranging between 0·53 and 0·96, and average corrected item-total correlations within acceptable ranges (0·30-0·89). Several of the scales were significantly associated with child-care staff's background characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Scale psychometrics of the CFAPQ indicate it is a valid questionnaire that assesses child-care staff's practices related to both food and activities.
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Sigman-Grant M, Hayes J, VanBrackle A, Fiese B. Family Resiliency: A Neglected Perspective in Addressing Obesity in Young Children. Child Obes 2015; 11:664-73. [PMID: 26447935 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2014.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional research primarily details child obesity from a risk perspective. Risk factors are disproportionately higher in children raised in poverty, thus negatively influencing the weight status of low-income children. Borrowing from the field of family studies, the concept of family resiliency might provide a unique perspective for discussions regarding childhood obesity, by helping to identify mediating or moderating protective mechanisms that are present within the family context. METHODS A thorough literature review focusing on (1) components of family resiliency that could be related to childhood obesity and (2) factors implicated in childhood obesity beyond those related to energy balance was conducted. We then conceptualized our perspective that understanding resiliency within an obesogenic environment is warranted. RESULTS Both family resiliency and childhood obesity prevention rely on the assumptions that (1) no one single answer can address the multifactorial nature involved with adopting healthy lifestyle behaviors and (2) the pieces in this complex puzzle will differ between families. Yet, there are limited holistic studies connecting family resiliency measures and childhood obesity prevention. Combining mixed methodology using traditional measures (such as general parenting styles, feeding styles, and parent feeding behaviors) with potential family resiliency measures (such as family routines, family stress, family functioning, and family structure) might serve to broaden understanding of protective strategies. CONCLUSIONS The key to future success in child obesity prevention and treatment may be found in the application of the resiliency framework to the exploration of childhood obesity from a protective perspective focusing on the family context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenna Hayes
- 1 University of Nevada Cooperative Extension, University of Nevada Reno , Las Vegas, NV
| | - Angela VanBrackle
- 1 University of Nevada Cooperative Extension, University of Nevada Reno , Las Vegas, NV
| | - Barbara Fiese
- 2 Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois , Urbana, IL
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Schwartz MB, Gilstad-Hayden K, Henderson KE, Luedicke J, Carroll-Scott A, Peters SM, McCaslin C, Ickovics JR. The Relationship between Parental Behaviors and Children's Sugary Drink Consumption Is Moderated by a Television in the Child's Bedroom. Child Obes 2015; 11:560-8. [PMID: 26317365 PMCID: PMC4808288 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2014.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this longitudinal study was to examine the link between perceived authoritative parenting behaviors and sugary drink consumption among children from low-income families who do or do not have televisions (TVs) in their bedrooms. METHODS Middle school students (N = 480) completed a baseline survey in sixth grade and a follow-up survey in seventh grade. The students were recruited from 12 schools in a low-income, predominantly black (33%) and Latino (48%), urban school district. The survey assessed the children's perception of their parents' controlling and nurturing behaviors, the presence of a TV in their bedrooms, and their level of sugary drink consumption on the previous school day. Children's report of specific controlling and nurturing parental behaviors were used to create an "authoritative parenting" score. Regression analyses were used to test the main and interactive effects of authoritative parenting behaviors and having a TV in the bedroom with sugary drink consumption in seventh grade, controlling for age, race/ethnicity, gender, BMI, and sugary drink consumption in sixth grade. RESULTS A significant interaction emerged: The authoritative parenting score predicted lower levels of sugary drink consumption in seventh grade, but this relationship was moderated by whether or not there was a TV in the child's bedroom. CONCLUSION A TV in the child's bedroom may weaken the positive influence of authoritative parenting behaviors on limiting sugary drink consumption among middle school children from low-income families. Stronger initiatives are recommended to educate parents and help them refrain from placing TVs in their children's bedrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene B. Schwartz
- Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity, University of Connecticut, Hartford, CT
| | - Kathryn Gilstad-Hayden
- Community Alliance for Research and Engagement, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | | | | | - Amy Carroll-Scott
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Drexel School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | - Jeannette R. Ickovics
- Community Alliance for Research and Engagement, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
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49
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Stifter CA, Moding KJ. Understanding and measuring parent use of food to soothe infant and toddler distress: A longitudinal study from 6 to 18 months of age. Appetite 2015; 95:188-96. [PMID: 26164121 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the development of parent use of food to soothe infant distress by examining this feeding practice longitudinally when infants were 6, 12 and 18 months of age. Two measures of feeding to soothe were obtained: parent self-report and observations of food to soothe during each laboratory visit. Demographic and maternal predictors of food to soothe were examined as well as the outcome, infant weight gain. The findings showed that the two measures of food to soothe were unrelated but did reveal similar and unique relations with predictor variables such as parent feeding style and maternal self-efficacy. Only observations of the use of food to soothe were related to infant weight gain. The findings indicate that the two measures of food to soothe may be complementary and that observations of this feeding practice may capture certain relations that are not obtained through the use of self-report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A Stifter
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, 119 Health and Human Development Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
| | - Kameron J Moding
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, 119 Health and Human Development Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
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50
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How parental dietary behavior and food parenting practices affect children's dietary behavior. Interacting sources of influence? Appetite 2015; 89:246-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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