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Woodrow RE, Menon DK, Stamatakis EA. Repeat traumatic brain injury exacerbates acute thalamic hyperconnectivity in humans. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae223. [PMID: 38989528 PMCID: PMC11235327 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Repeated mild traumatic brain injury is of growing interest regarding public and sporting safety and is thought to have greater adverse or cumulative neurological effects when compared with single injury. While epidemiological links between repeated traumatic brain injury and outcome have been investigated in humans, exploration of its mechanistic substrates has been largely undertaken in animal models. We compared acute neurological effects of repeat mild traumatic brain injury (n = 21) to that of single injury (n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 76) using resting-state functional MRI and quantified thalamic functional connectivity, given previous identification of its prognostic potential in human mild traumatic brain injury and rodent repeat mild traumatic brain injury. Acute thalamocortical functional connectivity showed a rank-based trend of increasing connectivity with number of injuries, at local and global scales of investigation. Thus, history of as few as two previous injuries can induce a vulnerable neural environment of exacerbated hyperconnectivity, in otherwise healthy individuals from non-specialist populations. These results further establish thalamocortical functional connectivity as a scalable marker of acute injury and long-term neural dysfunction following mild traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Woodrow
- University Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - David K Menon
- University Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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2
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Sun M, Baker TL, Wilson CT, Brady RD, Yamakawa GR, Wright DK, Mychasiuk R, Vo A, Wilson T, Allen J, McDonald SJ, Shultz SR. Treatment with the vascular endothelial growth factor-A antibody, bevacizumab, has sex-specific effects in a rat model of mild traumatic brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:542-555. [PMID: 37933736 PMCID: PMC10981407 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231212377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) involves damage to the cerebrovascular system. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is an important modulator of vascular health and VEGF-A promotes the brain's ability to recover after more severe forms of brain injury; however, the role of VEGF-A in mTBI remains poorly understood. Bevacizumab (BEV) is a monoclonal antibody that binds to VEGF-A and neutralises its actions. To better understand the role of VEGF-A in mTBI recovery, this study examined how BEV treatment affected outcomes in rats given a mTBI. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to sham-injury + vehicle treatment (VEH), sham-injury + BEV treatment, mTBI + VEH treatment, mTBI + BEV treatment groups. Treatment was administered intracerebroventricularly via a cannula beginning at the time of injury and continuing until the end of the study. Rats underwent behavioral testing after injury and were euthanized on day 11. In both females and males, BEV had a negative impact on cognitive function. mTBI and BEV treatment increased the expression of inflammatory markers in females. In males, BEV treatment altered markers related to hypoxia and vascular health. These novel findings of sex-specific responses to BEV and mTBI provide important insights into the role of VEGF-A in mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujun Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tamara L Baker
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Campbell T Wilson
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhys D Brady
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Glenn R Yamakawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David K Wright
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anh Vo
- Monash Health Translation Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Trevor Wilson
- Monash Health Translation Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Josh Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Health Sciences, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
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3
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Hoogenboom WS, Rubin TG, Ambadipudi K, Cui MH, Ye K, Foster H, Elkouby E, Liu J, Branch CA, Lipton ML. Evolving brain and behaviour changes in rats following repetitive subconcussive head impacts. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad316. [PMID: 38046094 PMCID: PMC10691880 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing concern that repetitive subconcussive head impacts, independent of concussion, alter brain structure and function, and may disproportionately affect the developing brain. Animal studies of repetitive subconcussive head impacts are needed to begin to characterize the pathological basis and mechanisms underlying imaging and functional effects of repetitive subconcussive head impacts seen in humans. Since repetitive subconcussive head impacts have been largely unexplored in animals, we aimed to characterize the evolution of imaging, behavioural and pathological effects of repetitive subconcussive head impacts in awake adolescent rodents. Awake male and female Sprague Dawley rats (postnatal Day 35) received 140 closed-head impacts over the course of a week. Impacted and sham-impacted animals were restrained in a plastic cone, and unrestrained control animals were included to account for effects of restraint and normal development. Animals (n = 43) underwent repeated diffusion tensor imaging prior to and over 1 month following the final impact. A separate cohort (n = 53) was assessed behaviourally for fine motor control, emotional-affective behaviour and memory at acute and chronic time points. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses, which were exploratory in nature due to smaller sample sizes, were completed at 1 month following the final impact. All animals tolerated the protocol with no overt changes in behaviour or stigmata of traumatic brain injury, such as alteration of consciousness, intracranial haemorrhage or skull fracture. We detected longitudinal, sex-dependent diffusion tensor imaging changes (fractional anisotropy and axial diffusivity decline) in corpus callosum and external capsule of repetitive subconcussive head impact animals, which diverged from both sham and control. Compared to sham animals, repetitive subconcussive head impact animals exhibited acute but transient mild motor deficits. Repetitive subconcussive head impact animals also exhibited chronic anxiety and spatial memory impairment that differed from the control animals, but these effects were not different from those seen in the sham condition. We observed trends in the data for thinning of the corpus callosum as well as regions with elevated Iba-1 in the corpus callosum and cerebral white matter among repetitive subconcussive head impact animals. While replication with larger study samples is needed, our findings suggest that subconcussive head impacts cause microstructural tissue changes in the developing rat brain, which are detectable with diffusion tensor imaging, with suggestion of correlates in tissue pathology and behaviour. The results point to potential mechanisms underpinning consequences of subconcussive head impacts that have been described in humans. The congruence of our imaging findings with human subconcussive head impacts suggests that neuroimaging could serve as a translational bridge to advance study of injury mechanisms and development of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter S Hoogenboom
- The Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10641, USA
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10641, USA
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Todd G Rubin
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NewYork, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kamalakar Ambadipudi
- The Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10641, USA
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Min-Hui Cui
- The Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10641, USA
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Kenny Ye
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Henry Foster
- The Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10641, USA
| | - Esther Elkouby
- The Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10641, USA
| | - Jinyuan Liu
- The Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10641, USA
| | - Craig A Branch
- The Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10641, USA
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Michael L Lipton
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NewYork, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, NewYork, NY 10032, USA
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Kulkarni PG, Balasubramanian N, Manjrekar R, Banerjee T, Sakharkar A. DNA Methylation-Mediated Mfn2 Gene Regulation in the Brain: A Role in Brain Trauma-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Memory Deficits. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3479-3495. [PMID: 37193907 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01358-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Repeated mild traumatic brain injuries (rMTBI) affect mitochondrial homeostasis in the brain. However, mechanisms of long-lasting neurobehavioral effects of rMTBI are largely unknown. Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) is a critical component of tethering complexes in mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) and thereby plays a pivotal role in mitochondrial functions. Herein, we investigated the implications of DNA methylation in the Mfn2 gene regulation, and its consequences on mitochondrial dysfunction in the hippocampus after rMTBI. rMTBI dramatically reduced the mitochondrial mass, which was concomitant with decrease in Mfn2 mRNA and protein levels. DNA hypermethylation at the Mfn2 gene promoter was observed post 30 days of rMTBI. The treatment of 5-Azacytidine, a pan DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, normalized DNA methylation levels at Mfn2 promoter, which further resulted into restoration of Mfn2 function. The normalization of Mfn2 function was well correlated with recovery in memory deficits in rMTBI-exposed rats. Since, glutamate excitotoxicity serves as a primary insult after TBI, we employed in vitro model of glutamate excitotoxicity in human neuronal cell line SH-SY5Y to investigate the causal epigenetic mechanisms of Mfn2 gene regulation. The glutamate excitotoxicity reduced Mfn2 levels via DNA hypermethylation at Mfn2 promoter. Loss of Mfn2 caused significant surge in cellular and mitochondrial ROS levels with lowered mitochondrial membrane potential in cultured SH-SY5Y cells. Like rMTBI, these consequences of glutamate excitotoxicity were also prevented by 5-AzaC pre-treatment. Therefore, DNA methylation serves as a vital epigenetic mechanism involved in Mfn2 expression in the brain; and this Mfn2 gene regulation may play a pivotal role in rMTBI-induced persistent cognitive deficits. Closed head weight drop injury method was employed to induce repeated mild traumatic brain (rMTBI) in jury in adult, male Wistar rats. rMTBI causes hyper DNA methylation at the Mfn2 promoter and lowers the Mfn2 expression triggering mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the treatment of 5-azacytidine normalizes DNA methylation at the Mfn2 promoter and restores mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash G Kulkarni
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, India
| | | | - Ritika Manjrekar
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, India
| | - Tanushree Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, India.
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune, 411 033, India.
| | - Amul Sakharkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, India.
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Gard A, Vedung F, Piehl F, Khademi M, Wernersson MP, Rorsman I, Tegner Y, Pessah-Rasmussen H, Ruscher K, Marklund N. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of neuroinflammatory biomarkers are increased in athletes with persistent post-concussive symptoms following sports-related concussion. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:189. [PMID: 37592277 PMCID: PMC10433539 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02864-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A sports-related concussion (SRC) is often caused by rapid head rotation at impact, leading to shearing and stretching of axons in the white matter and initiation of secondary inflammatory processes that may exacerbate the initial injury. We hypothesized that athletes with persistent post-concussive symptoms (PPCS) display signs of ongoing neuroinflammation, as reflected by altered profiles of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, in turn relating to symptom severity. We recruited athletes with PPCS preventing sports participation as well as limiting work, school and/or social activities for ≥ 6 months for symptom rating using the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool, version 5 (SCAT-5) and for cognitive assessment using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Following a spinal tap, we analysed 27 CSF inflammatory biomarkers (pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokine panels) by a multiplex immunoassay using antibodies as electrochemiluminescent labels to quantify concentrations in PPCS athletes, and in healthy age- and sex-matched controls exercising ≤ 2 times/week at low-to-moderate intensity. Thirty-six subjects were included, 24 athletes with PPCS and 12 controls. The SRC athletes had sustained a median of five concussions, the most recent at a median of 17 months prior to the investigation. CSF cytokines and chemokines levels were significantly increased in eight (IL-2, TNF-α, IL-15, TNF-β, VEGF, Eotaxin, IP-10, and TARC), significantly decreased in one (Eotaxin-3), and unaltered in 16 in SRC athletes when compared to controls, and two were un-detectable. The SRC athletes reported many and severe post-concussive symptoms on SCAT5, and 10 out of 24 athletes performed in the impaired range (Z < - 1.5) on cognitive testing. Individual biomarker concentrations did not strongly correlate with symptom rating or cognitive function. Limitations include evaluation at a single post-injury time point in relatively small cohorts, and no control group of concussed athletes without persisting symptoms was included. Based on CSF inflammatory marker profiling we find signs of ongoing neuroinflammation persisting months to years after the last SRC in athletes with persistent post-concussive symptoms. Since an ongoing inflammatory response may exacerbate the brain injury these results encourage studies of treatments targeting the post-injury inflammatory response in sports-related concussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gard
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurosurgery, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Vedung
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Piehl
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology Unit, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohsen Khademi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology Unit, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ia Rorsman
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yelverton Tegner
- Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Hélène Pessah-Rasmussen
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karsten Ruscher
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurosurgery, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Niklas Marklund
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurosurgery, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurosurgery, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital EA-Blocket Plan 4, Klinikgatan 17A7, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
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Graham MA, Juzang PT, White TE. Effects of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury on weight gain and chronic behavioral outcomes in male rats. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287506. [PMID: 37471309 PMCID: PMC10358892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess the long-term behavioral effects of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI), we employed a preclinical model of rmTBI and performed a battery of behavioral tests starting 14 weeks post-injury. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received four unilateral mild (6 m/s; 0.5 mm depth) controlled cortical impacts (CCI), centered 4 mm posterior and 3-4 mm lateral to the bregma, administered at five-day intervals. The animals' weights were monitored throughout the study. We tested the rats for anxiety-like (elevated plus maze, open field test), depression-like (forced swim test), locomotor (rotarod, open field test), and spatial learning and memory (Morris water maze (MWM)) behavioral deficits. Overall, a mild behavioral phenotype was observed. Significant deficits were observed with the MWM, indicating that our injury model disrupts spatial learning and memory. An interesting aspect of these data is a directional/visual component to the spatial learning and memory deficits dependent on the zone in which the trial began. With the injury being unilateral, there may be an imbalance in visual acuity that contributes to the observed deficits. Analysis of weight gain data demonstrated that rmTBI reduces weight during the period while injuries are occurring. This may represent another measure that can be tracked to determine injury severity and recovery. RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that gene expression at the chronic endpoint could distinguish between the experimental groups even with a mild behavioral phenotype. Future studies would include a more severe injury paradigm to promote longer-lasting behavior changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha A. Graham
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Patria T. Juzang
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Todd E. White
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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Lins BR, Anyaegbu CC, Hellewell SC, Papini M, McGonigle T, De Prato L, Shales M, Fitzgerald M. Cannabinoids in traumatic brain injury and related neuropathologies: preclinical and clinical research on endogenous, plant-derived, and synthetic compounds. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:77. [PMID: 36935484 PMCID: PMC10026409 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02734-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury is common, and often results in debilitating consequences. Even mild traumatic brain injury leaves approximately 20% of patients with symptoms that persist for months. Despite great clinical need there are currently no approved pharmaceutical interventions that improve outcomes after traumatic brain injury. Increased understanding of the endocannabinoid system in health and disease has accompanied growing evidence for therapeutic benefits of Cannabis sativa. This has driven research of Cannabis' active chemical constituents (phytocannabinoids), alongside endogenous and synthetic counterparts, collectively known as cannabinoids. Also of therapeutic interest are other Cannabis constituents, such as terpenes. Cannabinoids interact with neurons, microglia, and astrocytes, and exert anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects which are highly desirable for the management of traumatic brain injury. In this review, we comprehensively appraised the relevant scientific literature, where major and minor phytocannabinoids, terpenes, synthetic cannabinoids, and endogenous cannabinoids were assessed in TBI, or other neurological conditions with pathology and symptomology relevant to TBI, as well as recent studies in preclinical TBI models and clinical TBI populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney R Lins
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Australia.
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, 6009, Australia.
| | - Chidozie C Anyaegbu
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, 6009, Australia
| | - Sarah C Hellewell
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, 6009, Australia
| | - Melissa Papini
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, 6009, Australia
| | - Terence McGonigle
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Australia
| | - Luca De Prato
- MediCann Health Aust Pty Ltd, Osborne Park, 6017, Australia
| | - Matthew Shales
- MediCann Health Aust Pty Ltd, Osborne Park, 6017, Australia
| | - Melinda Fitzgerald
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, 6009, Australia
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Sun M, Baker TL, Wilson CT, Brady RD, Mychasiuk R, Yamakawa GR, Vo A, Wilson T, McDonald SJ, Shultz SR. Treatment with vascular endothelial growth factor-A worsens cognitive recovery in a rat model of mild traumatic brain injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:937350. [PMID: 36385769 PMCID: PMC9643175 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.937350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a common and unmet clinical issue, with limited treatments available to improve recovery. The cerebrovascular system is vital to provide oxygen and nutrition to the brain, and a growing body of research indicates that cerebrovascular injury contributes to mTBI symptomatology. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is a potent promoter of angiogenesis and an important modulator of vascular health. While indirect evidence suggests that increased bioavailability of VEGF-A may be beneficial after mTBI, the direct therapeutic effects of VEGF-A in this context remains unknown. This study therefore aimed to determine whether intracerebroventricular administration of recombinant VEGF-A could improve recovery from mTBI in a rat model. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to four groups: sham + vehicle (VEH), sham + VEGF-A, mTBI + VEH, mTBI + VEGF-A. The mTBI was induced using the lateral impact model, and treatment began at the time of the injury and continued until the end of the study. Rats underwent behavioral testing between days 1 and 10 post-injury, and were euthanized on day 11 for post-mortem analysis. In males, the mTBI + VEGF-A group had significantly worse cognitive recovery in the water maze than all other groups. In females, the VEGF treatment worsened cognitive performance in the water maze regardless of mTBI or sham injury. Analysis of hippocampal tissue found that these cognitive deficits occurred in the presence of gene expression changes related to neuroinflammation and hypoxia in both male and female rats. These findings indicate that the VEGF-A treatment paradigm tested in this study failed to improve mTBI outcomes in either male or female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujun Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tamara L. Baker
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Campbell T. Wilson
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhys D. Brady
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Glenn R. Yamakawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anh Vo
- Monash Health Translation Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Trevor Wilson
- Monash Health Translation Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart J. McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sandy R. Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Health and Human Services, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
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9
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Fronczak KM, Roberts A, Svirsky S, Parry M, Holets E, Henchir J, Dixon CE, Carlson SW. Assessment of behavioral, neuroinflammatory, and histological responses in a model of rat repetitive mild fluid percussion injury at 2 weeks post-injury. Front Neurol 2022; 13:945735. [PMID: 36341117 PMCID: PMC9630846 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.945735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI) is a prominent public health concern, with linkage to debilitating chronic sequelae. Developing reliable and well-characterized preclinical models of rmTBI is imperative in the investigation of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, as models can have varying parameters, affecting the overall pathology of the resulting injury. The lateral fluid percussion injury (FPI) model is a reliable and frequently used method of TBI replication in rodent subjects, though it is currently relatively underutilized in rmTBI research. In this study, we have performed a novel description of a variation of the lateral repetitive mild FPI (rmFPI) model, showing the graded acute behavioral impairment and histopathology occurring in response to one, two or four mild FPI (1.25 atm) or sham surgeries, implemented 24h apart. Beam walking performance revealed significant motor impairment in injured animals, with dysfunction increasing with additional injury. Based upon behavioral responses and histological observations, we further investigated the subacute pathophysiological outcomes of the dual FPI (dFPI). Immunoreactivity assessments showed that dFPI led to regionally-specific reductions in the post-synaptic protein neurogranin and increased subcortical white matter staining of the presynaptic protein synaptophysin at 2 weeks following dFPI. Immunohistochemical assessments of the microglial marker Iba-1 showed a striking increase in in several brain regions, and assessment of the astrocytic marker GFAP showed significantly increased immunoreactivity in the subcortical white matter and thalamus. With this study, we have provided a novel account of the subacute post injury outcomes occurring in response to a rmFPI utilizing these injury and frequency parameters, and thereby also demonstrating the reliability of the lateral FPI model in rmTBI replication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Roberts
- Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Sarah Svirsky
- Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Madison Parry
- Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Erik Holets
- Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jeremy Henchir
- Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - C. Edward Dixon
- Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Shaun W. Carlson
- Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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10
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Seifert J, Shah AS, Harezlak J, Rowson S, Mihalik JP, Riggen L, Duma S, Brooks A, Cameron KL, Giza CC, Goldman J, Guskiewicz KM, Houston MN, Jackson JC, McGinty G, Pasquina P, Broglio SP, McAllister TW, McCrea MA, Stemper BD. Time Delta Head Impact Frequency: An Analysis on Head Impact Exposure in the Lead Up to a Concussion: Findings from the NCAA-DOD Care Consortium. Ann Biomed Eng 2022; 50:1473-1487. [PMID: 35933459 PMCID: PMC9652163 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-03032-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sport-related concussions can result from a single high magnitude impact that generates concussive symptoms, repeated subconcussive head impacts aggregating to generate concussive symptoms, or a combined effect from the two mechanisms. The array of symptoms produced by these mechanisms may be clinically interpreted as a sport-related concussion. It was hypothesized that head impact exposure resulting in concussion is influenced by severity, total number, and frequency of subconcussive head impacts. The influence of total number and magnitude of impacts was previously explored, but frequency was investigated to a lesser degree. In this analysis, head impact frequency was investigated over a new metric called ‘time delta’, the time difference from the first recorded head impact of the day until the concussive impact. Four exposure metrics were analyzed over the time delta to determine whether frequency of head impact exposure was greater for athletes on their concussion date relative to other dates of contact participation. Those metrics included head impact frequency, head impact accrual rate, risk weighted exposure (RWE), and RWE accrual rate. Athletes experienced an elevated median number of impacts, RWE, and RWE accrual rate over the time delta on their concussion date compared to non-injury sessions. This finding suggests elevated frequency of head impact exposure on the concussion date compared to other dates that may precipitate the onset of concussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Seifert
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Neuroscience Research Labs, Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research 151, 5000 W. National Ave., Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA
| | - Alok S Shah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Neuroscience Research Labs, Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research 151, 5000 W. National Ave., Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA
| | - Jaroslaw Harezlak
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Steven Rowson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jason P Mihalik
- Matthew Gfeller Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Larry Riggen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Stefan Duma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Alison Brooks
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kenneth L Cameron
- John A. Feagin Jr. Sports Medicine Fellowship, Keller Army Hospital, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, USA
| | - Christopher C Giza
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Pediatrics, UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, David Geffem School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Goldman
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Pediatrics, UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, David Geffem School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kevin M Guskiewicz
- Matthew Gfeller Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Megan N Houston
- John A. Feagin Jr. Sports Medicine Fellowship, Keller Army Hospital, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan C Jackson
- Department of Sports Medicine, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Gerald McGinty
- Department of Sports Medicine, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Paul Pasquina
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven P Broglio
- Michigan Concussion Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Michael A McCrea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Neuroscience Research Labs, Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research 151, 5000 W. National Ave., Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA
| | - Brian D Stemper
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. .,Neuroscience Research Labs, Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research 151, 5000 W. National Ave., Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA.
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11
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Anxiety-like behavior and microglial activation in the amygdala after acute neuroinflammation induced by microbial neuraminidase. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11581. [PMID: 35803999 PMCID: PMC9270343 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15617-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-term behavioral alterations are associated with infection and aid the recovery from sickness. However, concerns have raised that sustained behavioral disturbances after acute neuroinflammation could relate to neurological diseases in the long run. We aimed to explore medium- and long-term behavioral disturbances after acute neuroinflammation in rats, using a model based on the intracerebroventricular administration of the enzyme neuraminidase (NA), which is part of some pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Neurological and behavioral assessments were performed 2 and 10 weeks after the injection of NA, and neuroinflammation was evaluated by gene expression and histology. No alterations were observed regarding basic neurological functions or locomotor capacity in NA-injected rats. However, they showed a reduction in unsupported rearing, and increased grooming and freezing behaviors, which indicate anxiety-like behavior. A principal component analysis including a larger set of parameters further supported such anxiety-like behavior. The anxiety profile was observed 2 weeks after NA-injection, but not after 10 weeks. Concomitantly, the amygdala presented increased number of microglial cells showing a morphologic bias towards an activated state. A similar but subtler tendency was observed in hypothalamic microglia located in the paraventricular nucleus. Also, in the hypothalamus the pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was slightly overexpressed 2 weeks after NA injection. These results demonstrate that NA-induced neuroinflammation provokes anxiety-like behavior in the medium term, which disappears with time. Concurrent microgliosis in the amygdala could explain such behavior. Further experiments should aim to explore subtle but long-lasting alterations observed 10 weeks after NA injection, both in amygdala and hypothalamus, as well as mild behavioral changes.
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12
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Stemper BD, Shah A, Chiariello R, McCarthy C, Jessen K, Sarka B, Seifert J, Budde MD, Wang K, Olsen CM, McCrea M. A Preclinical Rodent Model for Repetitive Subconcussive Head Impact Exposure in Contact Sport Athletes. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:805124. [PMID: 35368301 PMCID: PMC8965565 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.805124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive subconcussive head impact exposure has been associated with clinical and MRI changes in some non-concussed contact sport athletes over the course of a season. However, analysis of human tolerance for repeated head impacts is complicated by concussion and head impact exposure history, genetics, and other personal factors. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to develop a rodent model for repetitive subconcussive head impact exposure that can be used to understand injury mechanisms and tolerance in the human. This study incorporated the Medical College of Wisconsin Rotational Injury Model to expose rats to multiple low-level head accelerations per day over a 4-week period. The peak magnitude of head accelerations were scaled from our prior human studies of contact sport athletes and the number of exposures per day were based on the median (moderate exposure) and 95th percentile (high exposure) number of exposures per day across the human sample. Following the exposure protocol, rats were assessed for cognitive deficits, emotional changes, blood serum levels of axonal injury biomarkers, and histopathological evidence of injury. High exposure rats demonstrated cognitive deficits and evidence of anxiety-like behaviors relative to shams. Moderate exposure rats did not demonstrate either of those behaviors. Similarly, high exposure rats had histopathological evidence of gliosis [i.e., elevated Iba1 intensity and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) volume relative to shams] in the basolateral amygdala and other areas. Blood serum levels of neurofilament light (NFL) demonstrated a dose response relationship with increasing numbers of low-level head acceleration exposures with a higher week-to-week rate of NFL increase for the high exposure group compared to the moderate exposure group. These findings demonstrate a cumulative effect of repeated low-level head accelerations and provide a model that can be used in future studies to better understand mechanisms and tolerance for brain injury resulting from repeated low-level head accelerations, with scalable biomechanics between the rat and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D. Stemper
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Brian D. Stemper,
| | - Alok Shah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Rachel Chiariello
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Cassandra McCarthy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Kristin Jessen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Bailey Sarka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jack Seifert
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Matthew D. Budde
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Kevin Wang
- Gryphon Bio, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Christopher M. Olsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Michael McCrea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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13
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Komoltsev IG, Tret'yakova LV, Frankevich SO, Shirobokova NI, Volkova AA, Butuzov AV, Novikova MR, Kvichansky AA, Moiseeva YV, Onufriev MV, Bolshakov AP, Gulyaeva NV. Neuroinflammatory Cytokine Response, Neuronal Death, and Microglial Proliferation in the Hippocampus of Rats During the Early Period After Lateral Fluid Percussion-Induced Traumatic Injury of the Neocortex. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:1151-1167. [PMID: 34855115 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02668-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Time course of changes in neuroinflammatory processes in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus was studied during the early period after lateral fluid percussion-induced neocortical traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres. In the ipsilateral hippocampus, neuroinflammation (increase in expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines) was evident from day 1 after TBI and ceased by day 14, while in the contralateral hippocampus, it was mainly limited to the dorsal part on day 1. TBI induced an increase in hippocampal corticosterone level on day 3 bilaterally and an accumulation of Il1b on day 1 in the ipsilateral hippocampus. Activation of microglia was observed from day 7 in different hippocampal areas of both hemispheres. Neuronal cell loss was detected in the ipsilateral dentate gyrus on day 3 and extended to the contralateral hippocampus by day 7 after TBI. The data suggest that TBI results in distant hippocampal damage (delayed neurodegeneration in the dentate gyrus and microglia proliferation in both the ipsilateral and contralateral hippocampus), the time course of this damage being different from that of the neuroinflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia G Komoltsev
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485, Moscow, Russia.,Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry of Moscow Healthcare Department, 115419, Moscow, Russia
| | - Liya V Tret'yakova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stepan O Frankevich
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485, Moscow, Russia.,Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry of Moscow Healthcare Department, 115419, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia I Shirobokova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra A Volkova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V Butuzov
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485, Moscow, Russia
| | - Margarita R Novikova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A Kvichansky
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia V Moiseeva
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Onufriev
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485, Moscow, Russia.,Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry of Moscow Healthcare Department, 115419, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey P Bolshakov
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V Gulyaeva
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485, Moscow, Russia. .,Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry of Moscow Healthcare Department, 115419, Moscow, Russia.
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14
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Schafer KM, Duffy M, Kennedy G, Stentz L, Leon J, Herrerias G, Fulcher S, Joiner TE. Suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and suicide death among Veterans and service members: A comprehensive meta-analysis of risk factors. MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/08995605.2021.1976544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Duffy
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Grace Kennedy
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
- Department of Psychology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lauren Stentz
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Jagger Leon
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Gabriela Herrerias
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Summer Fulcher
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Thomas E. Joiner
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
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15
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Cho SJ, Park E, Baker A, Reid AY. Post-Traumatic Epilepsy in Zebrafish Is Drug-Resistant and Impairs Cognitive Function. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:3174-3183. [PMID: 34409844 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is acquired epilepsy after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Despite the availability of more than 20 antiseizure medications (ASMs), there is no way at present to prevent epileptogenesis in TBI survivors, and many cases of PTE become drug-resistant. Importantly, the adverse effects of ASMs can significantly affect patients' quality of life. Mammalian models are commonly used for studying refractory PTE, but are expensive and laborious. Zebrafish models have become popular for studying epilepsy, but most focus on larvae, and there have been no reports to date of pharmacological screening in an adult zebrafish model of acquired epilepsy. Valid animal models are critical for understanding PTE and for developing novel therapeutics. The aim of the present study was to characterize the cognitive impairments of a zebrafish model of TBI that leads to the development of PTE. Using combined behavioral and electrophysiological approaches, we also characterized the pharmacological effects of the most commonly used ASMs to manage PTE (valproate, carbamazepine, and phenytoin). Zebrafish with PTE exhibited impairments in learning and memory, difficulty in decision making, and reduced social preference. Valproate and carbamazepine had a limited protective effect against behavioral seizures, and all three drugs failed to significantly reduce electrographical seizures. The negative impacts of TBI and ASMs in zebrafish parallel those observed in other animals, making the zebrafish model of PTE a promising high-throughput model of refractory and drug-resistant epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Joon Cho
- Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Collaborative Program in Neuroscience, Departments of University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Keenan Research Center, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eugene Park
- Keenan Research Center, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Baker
- Keenan Research Center, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Anesthesia and Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aylin Y Reid
- Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Desai A, Chen H, Kevala K, Kim HY. Higher n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Diet Improves Long-Term Neuropathological and Functional Outcome after Repeated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:2622-2632. [PMID: 33913741 PMCID: PMC8403198 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Repeated mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause persistent neuropathological effects and is a major risk factor for chronic traumatic encephalopathy. PUFAs (n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) were shown to improve acute TBI outcomes in single-injury models in most cases. In this study, we demonstrate positive effects of dietary n-3 PUFA on long-term neuropathological and functional outcome in a clinically relevant model of repeated mild TBI using the Closed-Head Impact Model of Engineered Rotational Acceleration (CHIMERA). Adult mice, reared on n-3 PUFA adequate (higher n-3 PUFA) or deficient (lower n-3 PUFA) diets, were given a mild CHIMERA daily for 3 consecutive days. At 2 months after injury, visual function and spatial memory were evaluated. Glia cell activation was assessed by immunostaining using antibodies of ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein, and axonal damage was examined using silver staining. Repeated CHIMERA (rCHIMERA)-induced gliosis was significantly suppressed in the optic tract, corpus callosum, and hippocampus of mice fed the n-3 PUFA adequate diet compared to the deficient diet group. Considerable axonal damage was detected in the optic tract after rCHIMERA, but the adequate diet group displayed less axonal damage compared to the deficient diet group. rCHIMERA induced a drastic reduction in N1 amplitude of the visual evoked potential in both diet groups and the a-wave amplitude of the electroretinogram in the deficient diet group. However, reduction of N1 and a-wave amplitude were less severe in the adequate diet group. The Morris water maze probe test indicated a significant decrease in the number of platform crossings in the deficient diet group compared to the adequate group. In summary, dietary n-3 PUFA can attenuate persistent glial cell activation and axonal damage and improve deficits in visual function and spatial memory after repeated mild TBI. These data support the neuroprotective potential of a higher n-3 PUFA diet in ameliorating the adverse outcome of repeated mild TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Desai
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Huazhen Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Karl Kevala
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hee-Yong Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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17
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Faillot M, Chaillet A, Palfi S, Senova S. Rodent models used in preclinical studies of deep brain stimulation to rescue memory deficits. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 130:410-432. [PMID: 34437937 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation paradigms might be used to treat memory disorders in patients with stroke or traumatic brain injury. However, proof of concept studies in animal models are needed before clinical translation. We propose here a comprehensive review of rodent models for Traumatic Brain Injury and Stroke. We systematically review the histological, behavioral and electrophysiological features of each model and identify those that are the most relevant for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Faillot
- Neurosurgery department, Henri Mondor University Hospital, APHP, DMU CARE, Université Paris Est Créteil, Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, INSERM U955, Team 15, Translational Neuropsychiatry, France
| | - Antoine Chaillet
- Laboratoire des Signaux et Systèmes (L2S-UMR8506) - CentraleSupélec, Université Paris Saclay, Institut Universitaire de France, France
| | - Stéphane Palfi
- Neurosurgery department, Henri Mondor University Hospital, APHP, DMU CARE, Université Paris Est Créteil, Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, INSERM U955, Team 15, Translational Neuropsychiatry, France
| | - Suhan Senova
- Neurosurgery department, Henri Mondor University Hospital, APHP, DMU CARE, Université Paris Est Créteil, Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, INSERM U955, Team 15, Translational Neuropsychiatry, France.
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18
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Serpa RO, Ferguson L, Larson C, Bailard J, Cooke S, Greco T, Prins ML. Pathophysiology of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Neurol 2021; 12:696510. [PMID: 34335452 PMCID: PMC8319243 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.696510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The national incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) exceeds that of any other disease in the pediatric population. In the United States the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports 697,347 annual TBIs in children ages 0–19 that result in emergency room visits, hospitalization or deaths. There is a bimodal distribution within the pediatric TBI population, with peaks in both toddlers and adolescents. Preclinical TBI research provides evidence for age differences in acute pathophysiology that likely contribute to long-term outcome differences between age groups. This review will examine the timecourse of acute pathophysiological processes during cerebral maturation, including calcium accumulation, glucose metabolism and cerebral blood flow. Consequences of pediatric TBI are complicated by the ongoing maturational changes allowing for substantial plasticity and windows of vulnerabilities. This review will also examine the timecourse of later outcomes after mild, repeat mild and more severe TBI to establish developmental windows of susceptibility and altered maturational trajectories. Research progress for pediatric TBI is critically important to reveal age-associated mechanisms and to determine knowledge gaps for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecka O Serpa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Injury Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lindsay Ferguson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Injury Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Cooper Larson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Injury Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Julie Bailard
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Injury Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Samantha Cooke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Injury Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tiffany Greco
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Injury Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mayumi L Prins
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Injury Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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19
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Boulter JH, Shields MM, Meister MR, Murtha G, Curry BP, Dengler BA. The Expanding Role of Quantitative Pupillometry in the Evaluation and Management of Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Neurol 2021; 12:685313. [PMID: 34322081 PMCID: PMC8310950 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.685313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury is a rapidly increasing source of morbidity and mortality across the world. As such, the evaluation and management of traumatic brain injuries ranging from mild to severe are under active investigation. Over the last two decades, quantitative pupillometry has been increasingly found to be useful in both the immediate evaluation and ongoing management of traumatic brain injured patients. Given these findings and the portability and ease of use of modern pupillometers, further adoption and deployment of quantitative pupillometers into the preclinical and hospital settings of both resource rich and medically austere environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason H Boulter
- Division of Neurosurgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Margaret M Shields
- School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Melissa R Meister
- Division of Neurosurgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Gregory Murtha
- School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Brian P Curry
- Division of Neurosurgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Bradley A Dengler
- Division of Neurosurgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
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20
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Major B, Symons GF, Sinclair B, O'Brien WT, Costello D, Wright DK, Clough M, Mutimer S, Sun M, Yamakawa GR, Brady RD, O'Sullivan MJ, Mychasiuk R, McDonald SJ, O'Brien TJ, Law M, Kolbe S, Shultz SR. White and Gray Matter Abnormalities in Australian Footballers With a History of Sports-Related Concussion: An MRI Study. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:5331-5338. [PMID: 34148076 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sports-related concussion (SRC) is a form of mild traumatic brain injury that has been linked to long-term neurological abnormalities. Australian rules football is a collision sport with wide national participation and is growing in popularity worldwide. However, the chronic neurological consequences of SRC in Australian footballers remain poorly understood. This study investigated the presence of brain abnormalities in Australian footballers with a history of sports-related concussion (HoC) using multimodal MRI. Male Australian footballers with HoC (n = 26), as well as noncollision sport athletes with no HoC (n = 27), were recruited to the study. None of the footballers had sustained a concussion in the preceding 6 months, and all players were asymptomatic. Data were acquired using a 3T MRI scanner. White matter integrity was assessed using diffusion tensor imaging. Cortical thickness, subcortical volumes, and cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) were analyzed using structural MRI. Australian footballers had evidence of widespread microstructural white matter damage and cortical thinning. No significant differences were found regarding subcortical volumes or CSP. These novel findings provide evidence of persisting white and gray matter abnormalities in Australian footballers with HoC, and raise concerns related to the long-term neurological health of these athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Major
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Georgia F Symons
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Ben Sinclair
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - William T O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Daniel Costello
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - David K Wright
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Meaghan Clough
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Steven Mutimer
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Mujun Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Glenn R Yamakawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Rhys D Brady
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Michael J O'Sullivan
- Department of Faculty of Medicine, UQ Centre for Clinical Research and Institute of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Meng Law
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Department of Radiology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Scott Kolbe
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
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21
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Different forms of traumatic brain injuries cause different tactile hypersensitivity profiles. Pain 2021; 162:1163-1175. [PMID: 33027220 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Chronic complications of traumatic brain injury represent one of the greatest financial burdens and sources of suffering in the society today. A substantial number of these patients suffer from posttraumatic headache (PTH), which is typically associated with tactile allodynia. Unfortunately, this phenomenon has been understudied, in large part because of the lack of well-characterized laboratory animal models. We have addressed this gap in the field by characterizing the tactile sensory profile of 2 nonpenetrating models of PTH. We show that multimodal traumatic brain injury, administered by a jet-flow overpressure chamber that delivers a severe compressive impulse accompanied by a variable shock front and acceleration-deceleration insult, produces long-term tactile hypersensitivity and widespread sensitization. These are phenotypes reminiscent of PTH in patients, in both cephalic and extracephalic regions. By contrast, closed head injury induces only transient cephalic tactile hypersensitivity, with no extracephalic consequences. Both models show a more severe phenotype with repetitive daily injury for 3 days, compared with either 1 or 3 successive injuries in a single day, providing new insight into patterns of injury that may place patients at a greater risk of developing PTH. After recovery from transient cephalic tactile hypersensitivity, mice subjected to closed head injury demonstrate persistent hypersensitivity to established migraine triggers, including calcitonin gene-related peptide and sodium nitroprusside, a nitric oxide donor. Our results offer the field new tools for studying PTH and preclinical support for a pathophysiologic role of calcitonin gene-related peptide in this condition.
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22
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Postolache TT, Wadhawan A, Can A, Lowry CA, Woodbury M, Makkar H, Hoisington AJ, Scott AJ, Potocki E, Benros ME, Stiller JW. Inflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 74:1-28. [PMID: 32176646 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing evidence that inflammation contributes to clinical and functional outcomes in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Many successful target-engaging, lesion-reducing, symptom-alleviating, and function-improving interventions in animal models of TBI have failed to show efficacy in clinical trials. Timing and immunological context are paramount for the direction, quality, and intensity of immune responses to TBI and the resulting neuroanatomical, clinical, and functional course. We present components of the immune system implicated in TBI, potential immune targets, and target-engaging interventions. The main objective of our article is to point toward modifiable molecular and cellular mechanisms that may modify the outcomes in TBI, and contribute to increasing the translational value of interventions that have been identified in animal models of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodor T Postolache
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Aurora, CO, USA.,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO, USA.,Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 5, VA Capitol Health Care Network, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abhishek Wadhawan
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Adem Can
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Aurora, CO, USA.,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Margaret Woodbury
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,VA Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hina Makkar
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew J Hoisington
- Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Aurora, CO, USA.,Systems Engineering and Management, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA
| | - Alison J Scott
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eileen Potocki
- VA Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael E Benros
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John W Stiller
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Maryland State Athletic Commission, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Neurology Consultation Services, Washington, DC, USA
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23
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Rahi S, Gupta R, Sharma A, Mehan S. Smo-Shh signaling activator purmorphamine ameliorates neurobehavioral, molecular, and morphological alterations in an intracerebroventricular propionic acid-induced experimental model of autism. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1880-1898. [PMID: 33906504 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211013456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disease characterized by cognitive and sensorimotor impairment. Numerous research findings have consistently shown that alteration of Smo-Shh (smoothened-sonic hedgehog) signaling during the developmental process plays a significant role in ASD and triggers neuronal changes by promoting neuroinflammation and apoptotic markers. Purmorphamine (PUR), a small purine-derived agonist of the Smo-Shh pathway, shows resistance to hippocampal neuronal cell oxidation and decreases neuronal cell death. The goal of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective potential of PUR in brain intoxication induced by intracerebroventricular-propionic acid (ICV-PPA) in rats, with a focus on its effect on Smo-Shh regulation in the brain of rats. In addition, we analyze the impact of PUR on myelin basic protein (MBP) and apoptotic markers such as Caspase-3, Bax (pro-apoptotic), and Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic) in rat brain homogenates. Chronic ICV-PPA infusion was administered consecutively for 11 days to induce autism in rats. In order to investigate behavioral alterations, rats were tested for spatial learning in the Morris Water Maze (MWM), locomotive alterations using actophotometer, and beam crossing task, while Forced Swimming Test (FST) for depressive behavior. PUR treatment with 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg (i.p.) was administered from day 12 to 44. Besides cellular, molecular and neuroinflammatory analyses, neurotransmitter levels and oxidative markers have also been studied in brain homogenates. The results of this study have shown that PUR increases the level of Smo-Shh and restores the neurochemical levels, and potentially prevents morphological changes, including demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rahi
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, 75126ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - R Gupta
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, 75126ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - A Sharma
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, 75126ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - S Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, 75126ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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24
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Xu X, Cowan M, Beraldo F, Schranz A, McCunn P, Geremia N, Brown Z, Patel M, Nygard KL, Khazaee R, Lu L, Liu X, Strong MJ, Dekaban GA, Menon R, Bartha R, Daley M, Mao H, Prado V, Prado MAM, Saksida L, Bussey T, Brown A. Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury in mice triggers a slowly developing cascade of long-term and persistent behavioral deficits and pathological changes. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:60. [PMID: 33823944 PMCID: PMC8025516 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01161-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported long-term changes in the brains of non-concussed varsity rugby players using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and functional magnetic imaging (fMRI). Others have reported cognitive deficits in contact sport athletes that have not met the diagnostic criteria for concussion. These results suggest that repetitive mild traumatic brain injuries (rmTBIs) that are not severe enough to meet the diagnostic threshold for concussion, produce long-term consequences. We sought to characterize the neuroimaging, cognitive, pathological and metabolomic changes in a mouse model of rmTBI. Using a closed-skull model of mTBI that when scaled to human leads to rotational and linear accelerations far below what has been reported for sports concussion athletes, we found that 5 daily mTBIs triggered two temporally distinct types of pathological changes. First, during the first days and weeks after injury, the rmTBI produced diffuse axonal injury, a transient inflammatory response and changes in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) that resolved with time. Second, the rmTBI led to pathological changes that were evident months after the injury including: changes in magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), altered levels of synaptic proteins, behavioural deficits in attention and spatial memory, accumulations of pathologically phosphorylated tau, altered blood metabolomic profiles and white matter ultrastructural abnormalities. These results indicate that exceedingly mild rmTBI, in mice, triggers processes with pathological consequences observable months after the initial injury.
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25
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Balasubramanian N, Sagarkar S, Choudhary AG, Kokare DM, Sakharkar AJ. Epigenetic Blockade of Hippocampal SOD2 Via DNMT3b-Mediated DNA Methylation: Implications in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Persistent Oxidative Damage. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:1162-1184. [PMID: 33099744 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02166-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The recurrent events of mild trauma exacerbate the vulnerability for post-traumatic stress disorder; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are scarcely known. The repeated mild traumatic brain injury (rMTBI) perturbs redox homeostasis which is primarily managed by superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). The current study investigates the role of DNA methylation in SOD2 gene regulation and its involvement in rMTBI-induced persistent neuropathology inflicted by weight drop injury paradigm. The oxidative damage, neurodegenerative indicators, and SOD2 function and its regulation in the hippocampus were analyzed after 48 h and 30 days of rMTBI. The temporal and episodic increase in ROS levels (oxidative stress) heightened 8-hydroxyguanosine levels indicating oxidative damage after rMTBI that was concomitant with decline in SOD2 function. In parallel, occupancy of DNMT3b at SOD2 promoter was higher post 30 days of the first episode of rMTBI causing hypermethylation at SOD2 promoter. This epigenetic silencing of SOD2 promoter was sustained after the second episode of rMTBI causing permanent blockade in SOD2 response. The resultant oxidative stress further culminated into the increasing number of degenerating neurons. The treatment with 5-azacytidine, a pan DNMT inhibitor, normalized DNA methylation levels and revived SOD2 function after the second episode of rMTBI. The release of blockade in SOD2 expression by DNMT inhibition also normalized the post-traumatic oxidative consequences and relieved the neurodegeneration and deficits in learning and memory as measured by novel object recognition test. In conclusion, DNMT3b-mediated DNA methylation plays a critical role in SOD2 gene regulation in the hippocampus, and the perturbations therein post rMTBI are detrimental to redox homeostasis manifesting into neurological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sneha Sagarkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, India
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, India
| | - Amit G Choudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, 440 033, India
| | - Dadasaheb M Kokare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, 440 033, India
| | - Amul J Sakharkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, India.
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26
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O'Brien WT, Symons GF, Bain J, Major BP, Costello DM, Sun M, Kimpton JS, Chen Z, Brady RD, Mychasiuk R, O'Brien TJ, Monif M, Shultz SR, McDonald SJ. Elevated Serum Interleukin-1β Levels in Male, but not Female, Collision Sport Athletes with a Concussion History. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:1350-1357. [PMID: 33308001 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly reported that a history of concussion may be associated with chronic deleterious consequences. While the pathophysiology that contributes to these consequences is not well understood, neuroinflammation is postulated to be critical. Activation of multi-protein complexes termed inflammasomes, a key component of this inflammatory response, has been reported in more severe TBIs; however, it has not been investigated in milder TBIs, such as concussion. This study investigated serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 (key proteins activated downstream of these inflammasomes) at acute, sub-acute, and chronic time-points post-concussion. We recruited 105 Australian footballers (65 male, 40 female) during the pre-season, then prospectively followed these players for the occurrence of concussion during the season. At baseline, 58 footballers reported a previous concussion history, and 47 reported no previous concussion history. Additionally, 25 players sustained a mid-season concussion and were sampled at 2, 6, and 13 days post-concussion. Serum levels of IL-1β and IL-18 were quantified using highly sensitive Simoa HD-X Analyzer assays. At baseline, IL-1β levels were higher in male, but not female, footballers with a previous concussion history compared with footballers with no concussion history. There was also a positive correlation between years of collision sport participation and IL-18 levels in males. No evidence was found in males or females to indicate that IL-1β or IL-18 levels differed at 2, 6, or 13 days post-concussion. These findings provide novel insights into potential sex-specific physiological consequences of concussion, and suggest that neuroinflammation may be persistent chronically following concussion in male athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Georgia F Symons
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jesse Bain
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brendan P Major
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel M Costello
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mujun Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joshua S Kimpton
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zhibin Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rhys D Brady
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mastura Monif
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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27
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Albayram O, Albayram S, Mannix R. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy-a blueprint for the bridge between neurological and psychiatric disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:424. [PMID: 33293571 PMCID: PMC7723988 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01111-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a perplexing condition characterized by a broad and diverse range of neuropathology and psychopathology. While there are no agreed upon or validated clinical criteria for CTE, case series of CTE have described a wide range of neuropsychiatric symptoms that have been attributed to repetitive traumatic brain injuries (rTBI). However, the direct links between the psychopathology of psychiatric and neurological conditions from rTBI to CTE remains poorly understood. Prior studies suggest that repetitive cerebral injuries are associated with damage to neural circuitry involved in emotional and memory processes, but these studies do not offer longitudinal assessments that prove causation. More recent studies on novel targets, such as transmission of misfolded proteins, as well as newly advanced non-invasive imaging techniques may offer more direct evidence of the pathogenesis of CTE by tracing the progression of pathology and display of related behavioral impairments. Understanding this interface in the context of rTBI can play an important role in future approaches to the definition, assessment, prevention, and treatment of CTE and mental illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onder Albayram
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
| | - Sait Albayram
- Department of Radiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Rebekkah Mannix
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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28
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Shultz SR, McDonald SJ, Corrigan F, Semple BD, Salberg S, Zamani A, Jones NC, Mychasiuk R. Clinical Relevance of Behavior Testing in Animal Models of Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:2381-2400. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.6149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sandy R. Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stuart J. McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frances Corrigan
- Department of Anatomy, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bridgette D. Semple
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sabrina Salberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Akram Zamani
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nigel C. Jones
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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29
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Abstract
After a concussion, a series of complex, overlapping, and disruptive events occur within the brain, leading to symptoms and behavioral dysfunction. These events include ionic shifts, damaged neuronal architecture, higher concentrations of inflammatory chemicals, increased excitatory neurotransmitter release, and cerebral blood flow disruptions, leading to a neuronal crisis. This review summarizes the translational aspects of the pathophysiologic cascade of postconcussion events, focusing on the role of excitatory neurotransmitters and ionic fluxes, and their role in neuronal disruption. We review the relationship between physiologic disruption and behavioral alterations, and proposed treatments aimed to restore the balance of disrupted processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Howell
- Sports Medicine Center, Children's Hospital Colorado, 13123 East 16th Avenue, B060, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Julia Southard
- Sports Medicine Center, Children's Hospital Colorado, 13123 East 16th Avenue, B060, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Regis University, 3333 Regis Boulevard, Denver, CO 80221, USA
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30
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Eyolfson E, Khan A, Mychasiuk R, Lohman AW. Microglia dynamics in adolescent traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:326. [PMID: 33121516 PMCID: PMC7597018 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01994-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Repetitive, mild traumatic brain injuries (RmTBIs) are increasingly common in adolescents and encompass one of the largest neurological health concerns in the world. Adolescence is a critical period for brain development where RmTBIs can substantially impact neurodevelopmental trajectories and life-long neurological health. Our current understanding of RmTBI pathophysiology suggests key roles for neuroinflammation in negatively regulating neural health and function. Microglia, the brain’s resident immune population, play important roles in brain development by regulating neuronal number, and synapse formation and elimination. In response to injury, microglia activate to inflammatory phenotypes that may detract from these normal homeostatic, physiological, and developmental roles. To date, however, little is known regarding the impact of RmTBIs on microglia function during adolescent brain development. This review details key concepts surrounding RmTBI pathophysiology, adolescent brain development, and microglia dynamics in the developing brain and in response to injury, in an effort to formulate a hypothesis on how the intersection of these processes may modify long-term trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Eyolfson
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N1N4, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Asher Khan
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N1N4, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, 6th Floor, The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Alexander W Lohman
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada. .,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada. .,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada.
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31
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Pham L, Wright DK, O'Brien WT, Bain J, Huang C, Sun M, Casillas-Espinosa PM, Shah AD, Schittenhelm RB, Sobey CG, Brady RD, O'Brien TJ, Mychasiuk R, Shultz SR, McDonald SJ. Behavioral, axonal, and proteomic alterations following repeated mild traumatic brain injury: Novel insights using a clinically relevant rat model. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 148:105151. [PMID: 33127468 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is linked to a number of chronic neurological conditions, however there is still much unknown about the underlying mechanisms. To provide new insights, this study used a clinically relevant model of repeated mTBI in rats to characterize the acute and chronic neuropathological and neurobehavioral consequences of these injuries. Rats were given four sham-injuries or four mTBIs and allocated to 7-day or 3.5-months post-injury recovery groups. Behavioral analysis assessed sensorimotor function, locomotion, anxiety, and spatial memory. Neuropathological analysis included serum quantification of neurofilament light (NfL), mass spectrometry of the hippocampal proteome, and ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Repeated mTBI rats had evidence of acute cognitive deficits and prolonged sensorimotor impairments. Serum NfL was elevated at 7 days post injury, with levels correlating with sensorimotor deficits; however, no NfL differences were observed at 3.5 months. Several hippocampal proteins were altered by repeated mTBI, including those associated with energy metabolism, neuroinflammation, and impaired neurogenic capacity. Diffusion MRI analysis at 3.5 months found widespread reductions in white matter integrity. Taken together, these findings provide novel insights into the nature and progression of repeated mTBI neuropathology that may underlie lingering or chronic neurobehavioral deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Pham
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - David K Wright
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - William T O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Jesse Bain
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Cheng Huang
- Monash Proteomics & Metabolomics Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Mujun Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Pablo M Casillas-Espinosa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Anup D Shah
- Monash Proteomics & Metabolomics Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Ralf B Schittenhelm
- Monash Proteomics & Metabolomics Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Christopher G Sobey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Rhys D Brady
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
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32
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Zhao H, Jin T, Cheng X, Qin J, Zhang L, He H, Xue J, Jin G. GAS5 which is regulated by Lhx8 promotes the recovery of learning and memory in rats with cholinergic nerve injury. Life Sci 2020; 260:118388. [PMID: 32890602 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Damage to the cholinergic system in central nervous system injuries such as traumatic brain injury (TBI) and neurodegenerative diseases leads to impaired learning and cognition. Neural stem cells (NSCs) have self-renewal capacity and multi-directional differentiation potential and considered the best source of cells for cell replacement therapy. However, how to promote the differentiation of NSCs into neurons is a major challenge in current research. Lhx8 has a specific effect on the development of the cholinergic nervous system, but its exact function is unclear. In this study, we found that Lhx8 could regulate the expression of Growth arrest-specific (GAS)5 which has been implicated in cancer but was less studied in the nervous system. Additionally, results from PCR, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and immunocytochemical analyses showed that GAS5 is mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of hippocampal neural stems cells and promotes their differentiation into neurons; the Morris water maze test demonstrated that GAS5 overexpression restored learning and memory in rats with cholinergic injury. These findings indicate that GAS5, which is regulated by Lhx8, improve brain function following cholinergic nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyan Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tianren Jin
- Department of Human Anatomy, The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Human Anatomy, The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianbing Qin
- Department of Human Anatomy, The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Human Anatomy, The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianhua Xue
- Departments of Emergency Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Nantong, China
| | - Guohua Jin
- Department of Human Anatomy, The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.
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33
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Aravind A, Kosty J, Chandra N, Pfister BJ. Blast exposure predisposes the brain to increased neurological deficits in a model of blast plus blunt traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2020; 332:113378. [PMID: 32553593 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Soldiers are often exposed to more than one traumatic brain injury (TBI) over the course of their service. In recent years, more attention has been drawn to the increased risk of neurological deficits caused by the 'blast plus' polytrauma, which typically is a blast trauma combined with other forms of TBI. In this study, we investigated the behavioral and neuronal deficits resulting from a blast plus injury involving a mild-moderate blast followed by a mild blunt trauma using the fluid percussion injury model. We identified that the blast injury predisposed the brain to increased cognitive deficits, chronic ventricular enlargement, increased neurodegeneration at acute time points and chronic neuronal loss. Interestingly, a single blast and single blunt injury differed in their onset and manifestation of cognitive and regional neuronal loss. We also identified the presence of cleaved RIP1 from caspase 8 mediated apoptosis in the blunt injury while the blast injury did not activate immediate apoptosis but led to decreased hilar neuronal survival over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswati Aravind
- Center for Injury Biomechanics, Materials and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Dr M.L.K. Jr. Blvd, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Julianna Kosty
- Center for Injury Biomechanics, Materials and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Dr M.L.K. Jr. Blvd, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Namas Chandra
- Center for Injury Biomechanics, Materials and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Dr M.L.K. Jr. Blvd, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Bryan J Pfister
- Center for Injury Biomechanics, Materials and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Dr M.L.K. Jr. Blvd, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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34
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Aida V, Niedzielko TL, Szaflarski JP, Floyd CL. Acute administration of perampanel, an AMPA receptor antagonist, reduces cognitive impairments after traumatic brain injury in rats. Exp Neurol 2020; 327:113222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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35
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O'Brien WT, Pham L, Symons GF, Monif M, Shultz SR, McDonald SJ. The NLRP3 inflammasome in traumatic brain injury: potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:104. [PMID: 32252777 PMCID: PMC7137518 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01778-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a great clinical need to identify the underlying mechanisms, as well as related biomarkers, and treatment targets, for traumatic brain injury (TBI). Neuroinflammation is a central pathophysiological feature of TBI. NLRP3 inflammasome activity is a necessary component of the innate immune response to tissue damage, and dysregulated inflammasome activity has been implicated in a number of neurological conditions. This paper introduces the NLRP3 inflammasome and its implication in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory-related conditions, with a particular focus on TBI. Although its role in TBI has only recently been identified, findings suggest that priming and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome are upregulated following TBI. Moreover, recent studies utilizing specific NLRP3 inhibitors have provided further evidence that this inflammasome is a major driver of neuroinflammation and neurobehavioral disturbances following TBI. In addition, there is emerging evidence that circulating inflammasome-associated proteins may have utility as diagnostic biomarkers of neuroinflammatory conditions, including TBI. Finally, novel and promising areas of research will be highlighted, including the potential involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome in mild TBI, how factors such as biological sex may affect NLRP3 activity in TBI, and the use of emerging biomarker platforms. Taken together, this review highlights the exciting potential of the NLRP3 inflammasome as a target for treatments and biomarkers that may ultimately be used to improve TBI management.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise Pham
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Georgia F Symons
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mastura Monif
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia.
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36
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Yang B, Xu J, Li Y, Dong Y, Li Y, Tucker L, Yang L, Zong X, Wu C, Xu T, Hu S, Zhang Q, Yan X. Photobiomodulation therapy for repeated closed head injury in rats. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201960117. [PMID: 31657525 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201960117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Repeated traumatic brain injury, leads to cumulative neuronal injury and neurological impairments. There are currently no effective treatments to prevent these consequences. Growing interest is building in the use of transcranial photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy to treat traumatic brain injury. Here, we examined PBM in a repeated closed head injury (rCHI) rat model. Rats were administered a total of three closed head injuries, with each injury separated by 5 days. PBM treatment was initiated 2 hours after the first injury and administered daily for a total of 15 days. We found that PBM-treated rCHI rats had a significant reduction in motor ability, anxiety and cognitive deficits compared to CHI group. PBM group showed an increase of synaptic proteins and surviving neurons, along with a reduction in reactive gliosis and neuronal injury. These findings highlight the complexity of gliosis and neuronal injury following rCHI and suggest that PBM may be a viable treatment option to mitigate these effects and their detrimental consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baocheng Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Health Emergency, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Emergency Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Juanyong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Oral Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Yuyu Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Health Emergency, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Emergency Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lorelei Tucker
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Luodan Yang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Xuemei Zong
- Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Health Emergency, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Emergency Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chongyun Wu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Tie Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Health Emergency, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Emergency Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Emergency, Nanjing Jiangning Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuqun Hu
- Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Health Emergency, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Emergency Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Xianliang Yan
- Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Health Emergency, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Emergency Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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37
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Sharma R, Rahi S, Mehan S. Neuroprotective potential of solanesol in intracerebroventricular propionic acid induced experimental model of autism: Insights from behavioral and biochemical evidence. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:1164-1175. [PMID: 31763180 PMCID: PMC6861559 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism is the category used within the newest edition of the diagnostic and statistical manual of neurodevelopmental disorders. Autism is a spectrum of disorder where a variety of behavioural patterns observed in autistic patients, such as stereotypes and repetitive behavior, hyperexcitability, depression-like symptoms, and memory and cognitive dysfunctions. Neuropathological hallmarks that associated with autism are mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, Neuro-excitation, abnormal synapse formation, overexpression of glial cells in specific brain regions like cerebellum, cerebral cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus. ICV injection of propionic acid (PPA) (4 μl/0.26 M) mimics autistic-like behavioral and biochemical alterations in rats. Literature findings reveal that there is a link between autism neuronal mitochondrial coenzyme-Q10 (CoQ10) and ETC-complexes dysfunctions are the keys pathogenic events for autism. Therefore, in the current study, we explore the neuroprotective interventions of Solanesol (SNL) 40 and 60 mg/kg alone and in combination with standard drugs Aripiprazole (ARP) 5 mg/kg, Citalopram (CTP) 10 mg/kg, Memantine (MEM) 5 mg/kg and Donepezil (DNP) 3 mg/kg to overcome behavioral and biochemical alterations in PPA induced experimental model of Autism. Chronic treatment with SNL 60 mg/kg in combination with standard drug shows a marked improvement in locomotion, muscle coordination, long-term memory and the decrease in depressive behavior. While, chronic treatment of SNL alone and in combination with standard drug aripiprazole, citalopram, donepezil, and memantine shows the Neuroprotective potential by enhancing the cognitive deficits, biochemical alterations along with reducing the level of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress.
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Key Words
- AChE, acetylcholinesterase acetylcholinesterase
- ARP, Aripiprazole
- ATP
- Aripiprazole
- Autism
- BBB, blood-brain barrier
- CNS, center nerves system
- CTP, Citalopram
- Citalopram
- CoQ10, coenzyme-Q10
- Coenzyme-Q10
- DNP, Donepezil
- Donepezil
- ELT, escape latency
- ETC, electron-transport chain
- ICV, Intracerebroventricular
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- MAPK3, mitogen-activated protein kinase 3
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MEM, Memantine
- Memantine
- NO, nitric oxide
- PPA, propionic acid
- Propionic acid
- SNL, Solanesol
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- UBE3A, Ubiquitin-protein ligase E3A
- i.p., Intraperitoneal route
- mitochondrial dysfunction
- p.o., Oral
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sidharth Mehan
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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38
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Wright DK, Brady RD, Kamnaksh A, Trezise J, Sun M, McDonald SJ, Mychasiuk R, Kolbe SC, Law M, Johnston LA, O'Brien TJ, Agoston DV, Shultz SR. Repeated mild traumatic brain injuries induce persistent changes in plasma protein and magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers in the rat. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14626. [PMID: 31602002 PMCID: PMC6787341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51267-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A single mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) typically causes only transient symptoms, but repeated mTBI (RmTBI) is associated with cumulative and chronic neurological abnormalities. Clinical management of mTBI is challenging due to the heterogeneous, subjective and transient nature of symptoms, and thus would be aided by objective biomarkers. Promising biomarkers including advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and plasma levels of select proteins were examined here in a rat model of RmTBI. Rats received either two mild fluid percussion or sham injuries administered five days apart. Rats underwent MRI and behavioral testing 1, 3, 5, 7, and 30 days after the second injury and blood samples were collected on days 1, 7, and 30. Structural and diffusion-weighted MRI revealed that RmTBI rats had abnormalities in the cortex and corpus callosum. Proteomic analysis of plasma found that RmTBI rats had abnormalities in markers indicating axonal and vascular injury, metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction, and glial reactivity. These changes occurred in the presence of ongoing cognitive and sensorimotor deficits in the RmTBI rats. Our findings demonstrate that RmTBI can result in chronic neurological abnormalities, provide insight into potential contributing pathophysiological mechanisms, and supports the use of MRI and plasma protein measures as RmTBI biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K Wright
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Rhys D Brady
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Alaa Kamnaksh
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Jack Trezise
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Mujun Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Scott C Kolbe
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Meng Law
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Leigh A Johnston
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Denes V Agoston
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia. .,Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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39
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Carron SF, Sun M, Shultz SR, Rajan R. Inhibitory neuronal changes following a mixed diffuse‐focal model of traumatic brain injury. J Comp Neurol 2019; 528:175-198. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone F. Carron
- Neuroscience Discovery Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Mujun Sun
- Department of Medicine The University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Sandy R. Shultz
- Department of Medicine and Neuroscience Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Medicine The University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Ramesh Rajan
- Neuroscience Discovery Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
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40
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Kulkarni P, Morrison TR, Cai X, Iriah S, Simon N, Sabrick J, Neuroth L, Ferris CF. Neuroradiological Changes Following Single or Repetitive Mild TBI. Front Syst Neurosci 2019; 13:34. [PMID: 31427931 PMCID: PMC6688741 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2019.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To test the hypothesis that there are differences in neuroradiological measures between single and repeated mild traumatic brain injury using multimodal MRI. Methods A closed-head momentum exchange model was used to produce one or three mild head injuries in young adult male rats compared to non-injured, age and weight-matched controls. Six-seven weeks post-injury, rats were studied for deficits in cognitive and motor function. Seven-eight weeks post-injury changes in brain anatomy and function were evaluated through analysis of high resolution T2 weighted images, resting-state BOLD functional connectivity, and diffusion weighted imaging with quantitative anisotropy. Results Head injuries occurred without skull fracture or signs of intracranial bleeding or contusion. There were no significant differences in cognitive or motors behaviors between experimental groups. With a single mild hit, the affected areas were limited to the caudate/putamen and central amygdala. Rats hit three times showed altered diffusivity in white matter tracts, basal ganglia, central amygdala, brainstem, and cerebellum. Comparing three hits to one hit showed a similar pattern of change underscoring a dose effect of repeated head injury on the brainstem and cerebellum. Disruption of functional connectivity was pronounced with three mild hits. The midbrain dopamine system, hippocampus, and brainstem/cerebellum showed hypoconnectivity. Interestingly, rats exposed to one hit showed enhanced functional connectivity (or hyperconnectivity) across brain sites, particularly between the olfactory system and the cerebellum. Interpretation Neuroradiological evidence of altered brain structure and function, particularly in striatal and midbrain dopaminergic areas, persists long after mild repetitive head injury. These changes may serve as biomarkers of neurodegeneration and risk for dementia later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kulkarni
- Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Thomas R Morrison
- Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xuezhu Cai
- Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sade Iriah
- Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Neal Simon
- Azevan Pharmaceuticals, Bethlehem, PA, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States
| | - Julia Sabrick
- Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lucas Neuroth
- Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Craig F Ferris
- Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
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41
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Sun M, Brady RD, Casillas-Espinosa PM, Wright DK, Semple BD, Kim HA, Mychasiuk R, Sobey CG, O'Brien TJ, Vinh A, McDonald SJ, Shultz SR. Aged rats have an altered immune response and worse outcomes after traumatic brain injury. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 80:536-550. [PMID: 31039431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Initial studies suggest that increased age is associated with worse outcomes after traumatic brain injury (TBI), though the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for this remain unclear. Immunosenescence (i.e., dysregulation of the immune system due to aging) may play a significant role in influencing TBI outcomes. This study therefore examined neurological outcomes and immune response in young-adult (i.e., 10 weeks old) compared to middle-aged (i.e., 1 year old) rats following a TBI (i.e., fluid percussion) or sham-injury. Rats were euthanized at either 24 h or one-week post-injury to analyze immune cell populations in the brain and periphery via flow cytometry, as well as telomere length (i.e., a biomarker of neurological health). Behavioral testing, as well as volumetric and diffusion-weighted MRI, were also performed in the one-week recovery rats to assess for functional deficits and brain damage. Middle-aged rats had worse sensorimotor deficits and shorter telomeres after TBI compared to young rats. Both aging and TBI independently worsened cognitive function and cortical volume. These changes occurred in the presence of fewer total leukocytes, fewer infiltrating myeloid cells, and fewer microglia in the brains of middle-aged TBI rats compared to young rats. These findings indicate that middle-aged rats have worse sensorimotor deficits and shorter telomeres after TBI than young rats, and this may be related to an altered neuroimmune response. Although further studies are required, these findings have important implications for understanding the pathophysiology and optimal treatment strategies in TBI patients across the life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujun Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhys D Brady
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Pablo M Casillas-Espinosa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David K Wright
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bridgette D Semple
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hyun Ah Kim
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Christopher G Sobey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Antony Vinh
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Deng-Bryant Y, Leung LY, Madathil S, Flerlage J, Yang F, Yang W, Gilsdorf J, Shear D. Chronic Cognitive Deficits and Associated Histopathology Following Closed-Head Concussive Injury in Rats. Front Neurol 2019; 10:699. [PMID: 31312174 PMCID: PMC6614177 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Close-head concussive injury, as one of the most common forms of traumatic brain injury (TBI), has been shown to induce cognitive deficits that are long lasting. A concussive impact model was previously established in our lab that produces clinically relevant signs of concussion and induced acute pathological changes in rats. To evaluate the long-term effects of repeated concussions in this model, we utilized a comprehensive Morris water maze (MWM) paradigm for cognitive assessments at 1 and 6 months following repeated concussive impacts in rats. As such, adult Sprague-Dawley rats received either anesthesia (sham) or repeated concussive impacts (4 consecutive impacts at 1 h interval). At 1 month post-injury, results of the spatial learning task showed that the average latencies to locate the hidden "escape" platform were significantly longer in the injured rats over the last 2 days of the MWM testing compared to sham controls (p < 0.05). In the memory retention task, rats subjected to repeated concussive impacts also spent significantly less time in the platform zone searching for the missing platform during the probe trial (p < 0.05). On the working memory task, the injured rats showed a trend toward worse performance, but this failed to reach statistical significance compared to sham controls (p = 0.07). At 6 months post-injury, no differences were detected between the injured group and sham controls in either the spatial learning or probe trials. However, rats with repeated concussive impacts exhibited significantly worsened working memory performance compared to sham controls (p < 0.05). In addition, histopathological assessments for axonal neurodegeneration using silver stain showed that repeated concussive impacts induced significantly more axonal degeneration in the corpus callosum compared to sham controls (p < 0.05) at 1 month post-injury, whereas such difference was not observed at 6 months post-injury. Overall, the results show that repeated concussive impacts in our model produced significant cognitive deficits in both spatial learning abilities and in working memory abilities in a time-dependent fashion that may be indicative of progressive pathology and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Deng-Bryant
- Brain Trauma Neuroprotection and Neurorestoration Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Lai Yee Leung
- Brain Trauma Neuroprotection and Neurorestoration Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States.,Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sindhu Madathil
- Brain Trauma Neuroprotection and Neurorestoration Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Jesse Flerlage
- Brain Trauma Neuroprotection and Neurorestoration Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Fangzhou Yang
- Brain Trauma Neuroprotection and Neurorestoration Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Weihong Yang
- Brain Trauma Neuroprotection and Neurorestoration Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Janice Gilsdorf
- Brain Trauma Neuroprotection and Neurorestoration Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Deborah Shear
- Brain Trauma Neuroprotection and Neurorestoration Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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43
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Bolton-Hall AN, Hubbard WB, Saatman KE. Experimental Designs for Repeated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Challenges and Considerations. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:1203-1221. [PMID: 30351225 PMCID: PMC6479246 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.6096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mild TBI) is a growing public concern, as evidence mounts that even brain injuries classified as "mild" can result in persistent neurological dysfunction. Multiple brain injuries heighten the likelihood of worsened or more prolonged symptomatology and may trigger long-term neurodegeneration. Animal models provide a logical platform to identify key parameters, such as loading forces, duration between injuries, and number of injuries, which contribute to additive or synergistic damage after repeated mild TBI. Despite the tremendous increase in research productivity in the field of repeated mild TBI, relatively few studies have been designed in such a way as to provide experimental-based insights into the dependence of cellular and functional outcomes on the prescribed parameters of mild TBI. In this review, we summarize how standard models of TBI have been adapted to produce mild TBI and highlight commonly observed aspects of neuropathology replicated in rodent models of mild TBI. The complexity of designing studies of repeated TBI is discussed, including challenges of incorporating appropriate control groups, informative experimental design, and relevant outcome measures. We then feature studies that provide a well-controlled, within-study design varying either the number of injuries or the interinjury interval. Harnessing the power of experimental models of TBI to elucidate which injury parameters are critical contributors to acute and chronic damage after repeated injury can further efforts at prevention and provide improved models for testing mechanisms and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N. Bolton-Hall
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - W. Brad Hubbard
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Kathryn E. Saatman
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
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44
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Kao YCJ, Lui YW, Lu CF, Chen HL, Hsieh BY, Chen CY. Behavioral and Structural Effects of Single and Repeat Closed-Head Injury. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:601-608. [PMID: 30923084 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The effects of multiple head impacts, even without detectable primary injury, on subsequent behavioral impairment and structural abnormality is yet well explored. Our aim was to uncover the dynamic changes and long-term effects of single and repetitive head injury without focal contusion on tissue microstructure and macrostructure. MATERIALS AND METHODS We introduced a repetitive closed-head injury rodent model (n = 70) without parenchymal lesions. We performed a longitudinal MR imaging study during a 50-day study period (T2-weighted imaging, susceptibility-weighted imaging, and diffusion tensor imaging) as well as sequential behavioral assessment. Immunohistochemical staining for astrogliosis was examined in a subgroup of animals. Paired and independent t tests were used to evaluate the outcome change after injury and the cumulative effects of impact load, respectively. RESULTS There was no gross morphologic evidence for head injury such as skull fracture, contusion, or hemorrhage on micro-CT and MR imaging. A significant decrease of white matter fractional anisotropy from day 21 on and an increase of gray matter fractional anisotropy from day 35 on were observed. Smaller mean cortical volume in the double-injury group was shown at day 50 compared with sham and single injury (P < .05). Behavioral deficits (P < .05) in neurologic outcome, balance, and locomotor activity were also aggravated after double injury. Histologic analysis showed astrogliosis 24 hours after injury, which persisted throughout the study period. CONCLUSIONS There are measurable and dynamic changes in microstructure, cortical volume, behavior, and histopathology after both single and double injury, with more severe effects seen after double injury. This work bridges cross-sectional evidence from human subject and pathologic studies using animal models with a multi-time point, longitudinal research paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-C J Kao
- From the Neuroscience Research Center (Y.-C.J.K., C.-Y.C.).,Translational Imaging Research Center (Y.-C.J.K., C.-Y.C.), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Radiology (Y.-C.J.K., C.-Y.C.), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Radiogenomic Research Center (Y.-C.J.K., C.-Y.C.), Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y W Lui
- Department of Radiology (Y.W.L.), NYU School of Medicine/NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - C-F Lu
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences (C.-F.L.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H-L Chen
- Departments of Medical Research (H.-L.C.)
| | - B-Y Hsieh
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science (B.-Y.H.), China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C-Y Chen
- From the Neuroscience Research Center (Y.-C.J.K., C.-Y.C.) .,Translational Imaging Research Center (Y.-C.J.K., C.-Y.C.), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Radiology (Y.-C.J.K., C.-Y.C.), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Medical Imaging (C.-Y.C.).,Radiogenomic Research Center (Y.-C.J.K., C.-Y.C.), Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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45
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Walker A, Kim J, Wyatt J, Terlouw A, Balachandran K, Wolchok J. Repeated In Vitro Impact Conditioning of Astrocytes Decreases the Expression and Accumulation of Extracellular Matrix. Ann Biomed Eng 2019; 47:967-979. [PMID: 30706307 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02219-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pathological changes to the physical and chemical properties of brain extracellular matrix (ECM) occur following injury. It is generally assumed that astrocytes play an important role in these changes. What remain unclear are the triggers that lead to changes in the regulation of ECM by astrocytes following injury. We hypothesize that mechanical stimulation triggers genotypic and phenotypic changes to astrocytes that could ultimately reshape the ECM composition of the central nervous system following injury. To explore astrocyte mechanobiology, an in vitro drop test bioreactor was employed to condition primary rat astrocytes using short duration (10 ms), high deceleration (150G) and strain (20%) impact stimuli. Experiments were designed to explore the effect of single and repeated impact (single vs. double) on mechano-sensitive behavior including cell viability; ECM gene (collagens I and IV, fibronectin, neurocan, versican) and reactivity gene [glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S100B, vimentin] expression; matrix regulatory cytokine secretion [matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP1), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1)]; and matrix accumulation [collagen and glycosaminoglycan (GAG)]. Experiments revealed that both ECM and reactive gliosis gene expression was significantly decreased in response to impact conditioning. The decreases for several genes, including collagen, versican, and GFAP were sensitive to impact number, suggesting mechano-sensitivity to repeated impact conditioning. The measured decreases in ECM gene expression were supported by longer-term in vitro experiments that demonstrated significant decreases in chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) and collagen accumulation within impact conditioned 3-D scaffolds accompanied by a 25% decrease in elastic modulus. Overall, the general trend across all samples was towards altered ECM and reactive gliosis gene expression in response to impact. These results suggest that the regulation of ECM production by astrocytes is sensitive to mechanical stimuli, and that repeated impact conditioning may increase this sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addison Walker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 125 Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Johntaehwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 125 Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Joseph Wyatt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 125 Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Abby Terlouw
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 125 Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Kartik Balachandran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 125 Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Jeffrey Wolchok
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 125 Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
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46
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Sun M, Brady RD, van der Poel C, Apted D, Semple BD, Church JE, O'Brien TJ, McDonald SJ, Shultz SR. A Concomitant Muscle Injury Does Not Worsen Traumatic Brain Injury Outcomes in Mice. Front Neurol 2018; 9:1089. [PMID: 30619048 PMCID: PMC6297867 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often involves multitrauma in which concurrent extracranial injury occurs. We previously demonstrated that a long bone fracture exacerbates neuroinflammation and functional outcomes in mice given a TBI. Whether other forms of concomitant peripheral trauma that are common in the TBI setting, such as skeletal muscle injury, have similar effects is unknown. As such, here we developed a novel mouse multitrauma model by combining a closed-skull TBI with a cardiotoxin (CTX)-induced muscle injury to investigate whether muscle injury affects TBI outcomes. Adult male mice were assigned to four groups: sham-TBI + sham-muscle injury (SHAM); sham-TBI + CTX-muscle injury (CTX); TBI + sham-muscle injury (TBI); TBI + CTX-muscle injury (MULTI). Some mice were euthanized at 24 h post-injury to assess neuroinflammation and cerebral edema. The remaining mice underwent behavioral testing after a 30-day recovery period, and were euthanized at 35 days post-injury for post-mortem analysis. At 24 h post-injury, both TBI and MULTI mice had elevated edema, increased expression of GFAP (i.e., a marker for reactive astrocytes), and increased mRNA levels of inflammatory chemokines. There was also an effect of injury on cytokine levels at 35 days post-injury. However, the TBI and MULTI mice did not significantly differ on any of the measures assessed. These initial findings suggest that a concomitant muscle injury does not significantly affect preclinical TBI outcomes. Future studies should investigate the combination of different injury models, additional outcomes, and other post-injury time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujun Sun
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhys D Brady
- Departments of Neuroscience and Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chris van der Poel
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Danielle Apted
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bridgette D Semple
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Departments of Neuroscience and Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jarrod E Church
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Departments of Neuroscience and Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Departments of Neuroscience and Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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47
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Brady RD, Casillas-Espinosa PM, Agoston DV, Bertram EH, Kamnaksh A, Semple BD, Shultz SR. Modelling traumatic brain injury and posttraumatic epilepsy in rodents. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 123:8-19. [PMID: 30121231 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) is one of the most debilitating and understudied consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI). It is challenging to study the effects, underlying pathophysiology, biomarkers, and treatment of TBI and PTE purely in human patients for a number of reasons. Rodent models can complement human PTE studies as they allow for the rigorous investigation into the causal relationship between TBI and PTE, the pathophysiological mechanisms of PTE, the validation and implementation of PTE biomarkers, and the assessment of PTE treatments, in a tightly controlled, time- and cost-efficient manner in experimental subjects known to be experiencing epileptogenic processes. This article will review several common rodent models of TBI and/or PTE, including their use in previous studies and discuss their relative strengths, limitations, and avenues for future research to advance our understanding and treatment of PTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys D Brady
- Departments of Neuroscience and Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Pablo M Casillas-Espinosa
- Departments of Neuroscience and Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Denes V Agoston
- Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Edward H Bertram
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800394, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0394, USA
| | - Alaa Kamnaksh
- Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Bridgette D Semple
- Departments of Neuroscience and Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Departments of Neuroscience and Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
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48
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Dobrachinski F, Gerbatin RR, Sartori G, Golombieski RM, Antoniazzi A, Nogueira CW, Royes LF, Fighera MR, Porciúncula LO, Cunha RA, Soares FAA. Guanosine Attenuates Behavioral Deficits After Traumatic Brain Injury by Modulation of Adenosinergic Receptors. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3145-3158. [PMID: 30105669 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of disability worldwide, triggering chronic neurodegeneration underlying cognitive and mood disorder still without therapeutic prospects. Based on our previous observations that guanosine (GUO) attenuates short-term neurochemical alterations caused by TBI, this study investigated the effects of chronical GUO treatment in behavioral, molecular, and morphological disturbances 21 days after trauma. Rats subject to TBI displayed mood (anxiety-like) and memory dysfunction. This was accompanied by a decreased expression of both synaptic (synaptophysin) and plasticity proteins (BDNF and CREB), a loss of cresyl violet-stained neurons, and increased astrogliosis and microgliosis in the hippocampus. Notably, chronic GUO treatment (7.5 mg/kg i.p. daily starting 1 h after TBI) prevented all these TBI-induced long-term behavioral, neurochemical, and morphological modifications. This neuroprotective effect of GUO was abrogated in the presence of the adenosine A1 receptor antagonist DPCPX (1 mg/kg) but unaltered by the adenosine A2A receptor antagonist SCH58261 (0.05 mg/kg). These findings show that a chronic GUO treatment prevents the long-term mood and memory dysfunction triggered by TBI, which involves adenosinergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Dobrachinski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
- CNC - Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rogério R Gerbatin
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gláubia Sartori
- Laboratory of Synthesis, Reactivity and Pharmacological Evaluating and Toxicology of Organochalcogens, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo M Golombieski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Antoniazzi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction - BioRep Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristina W Nogueira
- Laboratory of Synthesis, Reactivity and Pharmacological Evaluating and Toxicology of Organochalcogens, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz F Royes
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Michele R Fighera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Lisiane O Porciúncula
- Laboratory of Studies on the Purinergic System, Department of Biochemistry / ICBS, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC - Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Félix A A Soares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
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49
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Semple BD, Zamani A, Rayner G, Shultz SR, Jones NC. Affective, neurocognitive and psychosocial disorders associated with traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 123:27-41. [PMID: 30059725 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivors of traumatic brain injury (TBI) often develop chronic neurological, neurocognitive, psychological, and psychosocial deficits that can have a profound impact on an individual's wellbeing and quality of life. TBI is also a common cause of acquired epilepsy, which is itself associated with significant behavioral morbidity. This review considers the clinical and preclinical evidence that post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) acts as a 'second-hit' insult to worsen chronic behavioral outcomes for brain-injured patients, across the domains of emotional, cognitive, and psychosocial functioning. Surprisingly, few well-designed studies have specifically examined the relationship between seizures and behavioral outcomes after TBI. The complex mechanisms underlying these comorbidities remain incompletely understood, although many of the biological processes that precipitate seizure occurrence and epileptogenesis may also contribute to the development of chronic behavioral deficits. Further, the relationship between PTE and behavioral dysfunction is increasingly recognized to be a bidirectional one, whereby premorbid conditions are a risk factor for PTE. Clinical studies in this arena are often challenged by the confounding effects of anti-seizure medications, while preclinical studies have rarely examined an adequately extended time course to fully capture the time course of epilepsy development after a TBI. To drive the field forward towards improved treatment strategies, it is imperative that both seizures and neurobehavioral outcomes are assessed in parallel after TBI, both in patient populations and preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridgette D Semple
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Akram Zamani
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Genevieve Rayner
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre (Austin Campus), Heidelberg, VIC, Australia; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Alfred Health, Australia.
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Nigel C Jones
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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Hsieh TH, Lee HHC, Hameed MQ, Pascual-Leone A, Hensch TK, Rotenberg A. Trajectory of Parvalbumin Cell Impairment and Loss of Cortical Inhibition in Traumatic Brain Injury. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:5509-5524. [PMID: 27909008 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many neuropsychiatric symptoms that follow traumatic brain injury (TBI), including mood disorders, sleep disturbance, chronic pain, and posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) are attributable to compromised cortical inhibition. However, the temporal trajectory of cortical inhibition loss and its underlying mechanisms are not known. Using paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (ppTMS) and immunohistochemistry, we tracked functional and cellular changes of cortical inhibitory network elements after fluid-percussion injury (FPI) in rats. ppTMS revealed a progressive loss of cortical inhibition as early as 2 weeks after FPI. This profile paralleled the increasing levels of cortical oxidative stress, which was accompanied by a gradual loss of parvalbumin (PV) immunoreactivity in perilesional cortex. Preceding the PV loss, we identified a degradation of the perineuronal net (PNN)-a specialized extracellular structure enwrapping cortical PV-positive (PV+) inhibitory interneurons which binds the PV+ cell maintenance factor, Otx2. The trajectory of these impairments underlies the reduced inhibitory tone, which can contribute to posttraumatic neurological conditions, such as PTE. Taken together, our results highlight the use of ppTMS as a biomarker to track the course of cortical inhibitory dysfunction post-TBI. Moreover, the neuroprotective role of PNNs on PV+ cell function suggests antioxidant treatment or Otx2 enhancement as a promising prophylaxis for post-TBI symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hsun Hsieh
- Neuromodulation Program, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Henry Hing Cheong Lee
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mustafa Qadir Hameed
- Neuromodulation Program, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Takao K Hensch
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alexander Rotenberg
- Neuromodulation Program, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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