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Feroz W, Park BS, Siripurapu M, Ntim N, Kilroy MK, Sheikh AMA, Mishra R, Garrett JT. Non-Muscle Myosin II A: Friend or Foe in Cancer? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9435. [PMID: 39273383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-muscle myosin IIA (NM IIA) is a motor protein that belongs to the myosin II family. The myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9) gene encodes the heavy chain of NM IIA. NM IIA is a hexamer and contains three pairs of peptides, which include the dimer of heavy chains, essential light chains, and regulatory light chains. NM IIA is a part of the actomyosin complex that generates mechanical force and tension to carry out essential cellular functions, including adhesion, cytokinesis, migration, and the maintenance of cell shape and polarity. These functions are regulated via light and heavy chain phosphorylation at different amino acid residues. Apart from physiological functions, NM IIA is also linked to the development of cancer and genetic and neurological disorders. MYH9 gene mutations result in the development of several autosomal dominant disorders, such as May-Hegglin anomaly (MHA) and Epstein syndrome (EPS). Multiple studies have reported NM IIA as a tumor suppressor in melanoma and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; however, studies also indicate that NM IIA is a critical player in promoting tumorigenesis, chemoradiotherapy resistance, and stemness. The ROCK-NM IIA pathway regulates cellular movement and shape via the control of cytoskeletal dynamics. In addition, the ROCK-NM IIA pathway is dysregulated in various solid tumors and leukemia. Currently, there are very few compounds targeting NM IIA, and most of these compounds are still being studied in preclinical models. This review provides comprehensive evidence highlighting the dual role of NM IIA in multiple cancer types and summarizes the signaling networks involved in tumorigenesis. Furthermore, we also discuss the role of NM IIA as a potential therapeutic target with a focus on the ROCK-NM IIA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Feroz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Briley SoYoung Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Cancer Research Scholars Program, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Meghna Siripurapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Nicole Ntim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Mary Kate Kilroy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | | | - Rosalin Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Joan T Garrett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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2
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Chen Y, Wijekoon S, Matsumoto A, Luo J, Kiriazis H, Masterman E, Yildiz G, Cross J, Parslow A, Chooi R, Sadoshima J, Greening D, Weeks K, McMullen J. Distinct functional and molecular profiles between physiological and pathological atrial enlargement offer potential new therapeutic opportunities for atrial fibrillation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:941-962. [PMID: 39018488 PMCID: PMC11292366 DOI: 10.1042/cs20240178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) remains challenging to prevent and treat. A key feature of AF is atrial enlargement. However, not all atrial enlargement progresses to AF. Atrial enlargement in response to physiological stimuli such as exercise is typically benign and reversible. Understanding the differences in atrial function and molecular profile underpinning pathological and physiological atrial remodelling will be critical for identifying new strategies for AF. The discovery of molecular mechanisms responsible for pathological and physiological ventricular hypertrophy has uncovered new drug targets for heart failure. Studies in the atria have been limited in comparison. Here, we characterised mouse atria from (1) a pathological model (cardiomyocyte-specific transgenic (Tg) that develops dilated cardiomyopathy [DCM] and AF due to reduced protective signalling [PI3K]; DCM-dnPI3K), and (2) a physiological model (cardiomyocyte-specific Tg with an enlarged heart due to increased insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor; IGF1R). Both models presented with an increase in atrial mass, but displayed distinct functional, cellular, histological and molecular phenotypes. Atrial enlargement in the DCM-dnPI3K Tg, but not IGF1R Tg, was associated with atrial dysfunction, fibrosis and a heart failure gene expression pattern. Atrial proteomics identified protein networks related to cardiac contractility, sarcomere assembly, metabolism, mitochondria, and extracellular matrix which were differentially regulated in the models; many co-identified in atrial proteomics data sets from human AF. In summary, physiological and pathological atrial enlargement are associated with distinct features, and the proteomic dataset provides a resource to study potential new regulators of atrial biology and function, drug targets and biomarkers for AF.
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MESH Headings
- Atrial Fibrillation/physiopathology
- Atrial Fibrillation/metabolism
- Atrial Fibrillation/genetics
- Animals
- Heart Atria/metabolism
- Heart Atria/physiopathology
- Heart Atria/pathology
- Mice, Transgenic
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Atrial Remodeling
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/genetics
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/physiopathology
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/genetics
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibrosis
- Mice
- Humans
- Signal Transduction
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Heart Failure/physiopathology
- Heart Failure/genetics
- Heart Failure/metabolism
- Heart Failure/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ching Chen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Seka Wijekoon
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aya Matsumoto
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jieting Luo
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma Masterman
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gunes Yildiz
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathon Cross
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam C. Parslow
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roger Chooi
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, NJ, U.S.A
| | - David W. Greening
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate L. Weeks
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julie R. McMullen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Alfred Baker Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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3
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Jaganathan A, Toth J, Chen X, Basir R, Pieuchot L, Shen Y, Reinhart-King C, Shenoy VB. Mechano-metabolism of metastatic breast cancer cells in 2D and 3D microenvironments. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.30.591879. [PMID: 38746096 PMCID: PMC11092625 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.30.591879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Cells regulate their shape and metabolic activity in response to the mechano-chemical properties of their microenvironment. To elucidate the impact of matrix stiffness and ligand density on the bioenergetics of mesenchymal cells, we developed a nonequilibrium, active chemo-mechanical model that accounts for the mechanical energy of the cell and matrix, chemical energy from ATP hydrolysis, interfacial energy, and mechano-sensitive regulation of stress fiber assembly through signaling. By integrating the kinetics and energetics of these processes, we define the cell "metabolic potential" that, when minimized, provides testable predictions of cell contractility, shape, and ATP consumption. Specifically, we show that the morphology of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in 3D collagen changes from spherical to elongated to spherical with increasing matrix stiffness, which is consistent with experimental observations. On 2D hydrogels, our model predicts a hemispherical-to-spindle-to-disc shape transition with increasing gel stiffness. In both cases, we show that these shape transitions emerge from competition between the energy of ATP hydrolysis associated with increased contractility that drives cell elongation and the interfacial energy that favors a rounded shape. Furthermore, our model can predict how increased energy demand in stiffer microenvironments is met by AMPK activation, which is confirmed experimentally in both 2D and 3D microenvironments and found to correlate with the upregulation of mitochondrial potential, glucose uptake, and ATP levels, as well as provide estimates of changes in intracellular adenosine nucleotide concentrations with changing environmental stiffness. Overall, we present a framework for relating adherent cell energy levels and contractility through biochemical regulation of underlying physical processes. Statement of Significance Increasing evidence indicates that cellular metabolism is regulated by mechanical cues from the extracellular environment. Forces transmitted from the microenvironment activate mechanotransduction pathways in the cell, which trigger a cascade of biochemical events that impact cytoskeletal tension, cellular morphology and energy budget available to the cell. Using a nonequilibrium free energy-based theory, we can predict the ATP consumption, contractility, and shape of mesenchymal cancer cells, as well as how cells regulate energy levels dependent on the mechanosensitive metabolic regulator AMPK. The insights from our model can be used to understand the mechanosensitive regulation of metabolism during metastasis and tumor progression, during which cells experience dynamic changes in their microenvironment and metabolic state.
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4
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Chinthalapudi K, Heissler SM. Structure, regulation, and mechanisms of nonmuscle myosin-2. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:263. [PMID: 38878079 PMCID: PMC11335295 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Members of the myosin superfamily of molecular motors are large mechanochemical ATPases that are implicated in an ever-expanding array of cellular functions. This review focuses on mammalian nonmuscle myosin-2 (NM2) paralogs, ubiquitous members of the myosin-2 family of filament-forming motors. Through the conversion of chemical energy into mechanical work, NM2 paralogs remodel and shape cells and tissues. This process is tightly controlled in time and space by numerous synergetic regulation mechanisms to meet cellular demands. We review how recent advances in structural biology together with elegant biophysical and cell biological approaches have contributed to our understanding of the shared and unique mechanisms of NM2 paralogs as they relate to their kinetics, regulation, assembly, and cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Chinthalapudi
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Sarah M Heissler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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5
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Garrido-Casado M, Asensio-Juárez G, Talayero VC, Vicente-Manzanares M. Engines of change: Nonmuscle myosin II in mechanobiology. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 87:102344. [PMID: 38442667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of mechanobiology has unveiled complex mechanisms by which cells adjust intracellular force production to their needs. Most communicable intracellular forces are generated by myosin II, an actin-associated molecular motor that transforms adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis into contraction in nonmuscle and muscle cells. Myosin II-dependent force generation is tightly regulated, and deregulation is associated with specific pathologies. Here, we focus on the role of myosin II (nonmuscle myosin II, NMII) in force generation and mechanobiology. We outline the regulation and molecular mechanism of force generation by NMII, focusing on the actual outcome of contraction, that is, force application to trigger mechanosensitive events or the building of dissipative structures. We describe how myosin II-generated forces drive two major types of events: modification of the cellular morphology and/or triggering of genetic programs, which enhance the ability of cells to adapt to, or modify, their microenvironment. Finally, we address whether targeting myosin II to impair or potentiate its activity at the motor level is a viable therapeutic strategy, as illustrated by recent examples aimed at modulating cardiac myosin II function in heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Garrido-Casado
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer/ Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Gloria Asensio-Juárez
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer/ Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Vanessa C Talayero
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer/ Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miguel Vicente-Manzanares
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer/ Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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6
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García-Quintáns N, Sacristán S, Márquez-López C, Sánchez-Ramos C, Martinez-de-Benito F, Siniscalco D, González-Guerra A, Camafeita E, Roche-Molina M, Lytvyn M, Morera D, Guillen MI, Sanguino MA, Sanz-Rosa D, Martín-Pérez D, Garcia R, Bernal JA. MYH10 activation rescues contractile defects in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM). Nat Commun 2023; 14:6461. [PMID: 37833253 PMCID: PMC10575922 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41981-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The most prevalent genetic form of inherited arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is caused by mutations in desmosomal plakophilin-2 (PKP2). By studying pathogenic deletion mutations in the desmosomal protein PKP2, here we identify a general mechanism by which PKP2 delocalization restricts actomyosin network organization and cardiac sarcomeric contraction in this untreatable disease. Computational modeling of PKP2 variants reveals that the carboxy-terminal (CT) domain is required for N-terminal domain stabilization, which determines PKP2 cortical localization and function. In mutant PKP2 cells the expression of the interacting protein MYH10 rescues actomyosin disorganization. Conversely, dominant-negative MYH10 mutant expression mimics the pathogenic CT-deletion PKP2 mutant causing actin network abnormalities and right ventricle systolic dysfunction. A chemical activator of non-muscle myosins, 4-hydroxyacetophenone (4-HAP), also restores normal contractility. Our findings demonstrate that activation of MYH10 corrects the deleterious effect of PKP2 mutant over systolic cardiac contraction, with potential implications for ACM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Sacristán
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Fernando Martinez-de-Benito
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Siniscalco
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Emilio Camafeita
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Roche-Molina
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariya Lytvyn
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Morera
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María I Guillen
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Sanguino
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sanz-Rosa
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ricardo Garcia
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Bernal
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.
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7
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Hayes BH, Zhu PK, Wang M, Pfeifer CR, Xia Y, Phan S, Andrechak JC, Du J, Tobin MP, Anlas A, Dooling LJ, Vashisth M, Irianto J, Lampson MA, Discher DE. Confinement plus myosin-II suppression maximizes heritable loss of chromosomes, as revealed by live-cell ChReporters. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260753. [PMID: 37288769 PMCID: PMC10309578 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanical environment of a cell can have many effects, but whether it impacts the DNA sequence of a cell has remained unexamined. To investigate this, we developed a live-cell method to measure changes in chromosome numbers. We edited constitutive genes with GFP or RFP tags on single alleles and discovered that cells that lose Chromosome reporters (ChReporters) become non-fluorescent. We applied our new tools to confined mitosis and to inhibition of the putative tumor suppressor myosin-II. We quantified compression of mitotic chromatin in vivo and demonstrated that similar compression in vitro resulted in cell death, but also rare and heritable ChReptorter loss. Myosin-II suppression rescued lethal multipolar divisions and maximized ChReporter loss during three-dimensional (3D) compression and two-dimensional (2D) lateral confinement, but not in standard 2D culture. ChReporter loss was associated with chromosome mis-segregation, rather than just the number of divisions, and loss in vitro and in mice was selected against in subsequent 2D cultures. Inhibition of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) caused ChReporter loss in 2D culture, as expected, but not during 3D compression, suggesting a SAC perturbation. Thus, ChReporters enable diverse studies of viable genetic changes, and show that confinement and myosin-II affect DNA sequence and mechano-evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon H. Hayes
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peter Kuangzheng Zhu
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mai Wang
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Charlotte R. Pfeifer
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yuntao Xia
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Steven Phan
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jason C. Andrechak
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Junhong Du
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael P. Tobin
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alisya Anlas
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lawrence J. Dooling
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Manasvita Vashisth
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jerome Irianto
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael A. Lampson
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dennis E. Discher
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Prieto-Ruiz F, Gómez-Gil E, Martín-García R, Pérez-Díaz AJ, Vicente-Soler J, Franco A, Soto T, Pérez P, Madrid M, Cansado J. Myosin II regulatory light chain phosphorylation and formin availability modulate cytokinesis upon changes in carbohydrate metabolism. eLife 2023; 12:83285. [PMID: 36825780 PMCID: PMC10005788 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis, the separation of daughter cells at the end of mitosis, relies in animal cells on a contractile actomyosin ring (CAR) composed of actin and class II myosins, whose activity is strongly influenced by regulatory light chain (RLC) phosphorylation. However, in simple eukaryotes such as the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, RLC phosphorylation appears dispensable for regulating CAR dynamics. We found that redundant phosphorylation at Ser35 of the S. pombe RLC homolog Rlc1 by the p21-activated kinases Pak1 and Pak2, modulates myosin II Myo2 activity and becomes essential for cytokinesis and cell growth during respiration. Previously, we showed that the stress-activated protein kinase pathway (SAPK) MAPK Sty1 controls fission yeast CAR integrity by downregulating formin For3 levels (Gómez-Gil et al., 2020). Here, we report that the reduced availability of formin For3-nucleated actin filaments for the CAR is the main reason for the required control of myosin II contractile activity by RLC phosphorylation during respiration-induced oxidative stress. Thus, the restoration of For3 levels by antioxidants overrides the control of myosin II function regulated by RLC phosphorylation, allowing cytokinesis and cell proliferation during respiration. Therefore, fine-tuned interplay between myosin II function through Rlc1 phosphorylation and environmentally controlled actin filament availability is critical for a successful cytokinesis in response to a switch to a respiratory carbohydrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Prieto-Ruiz
- Yeast Physiology Group. Department of Genetics and Microbiology. Campus de Excelencia Internacional de Ámbito Regional (CEIR) Campus Mare Nostrum, Universidad de MurciaMurciaSpain
| | - Elisa Gómez-Gil
- Yeast Physiology Group. Department of Genetics and Microbiology. Campus de Excelencia Internacional de Ámbito Regional (CEIR) Campus Mare Nostrum, Universidad de MurciaMurciaSpain
- The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Rebeca Martín-García
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de SalamancaSalamancaSpain
| | - Armando Jesús Pérez-Díaz
- Yeast Physiology Group. Department of Genetics and Microbiology. Campus de Excelencia Internacional de Ámbito Regional (CEIR) Campus Mare Nostrum, Universidad de MurciaMurciaSpain
| | - Jero Vicente-Soler
- Yeast Physiology Group. Department of Genetics and Microbiology. Campus de Excelencia Internacional de Ámbito Regional (CEIR) Campus Mare Nostrum, Universidad de MurciaMurciaSpain
| | - Alejandro Franco
- Yeast Physiology Group. Department of Genetics and Microbiology. Campus de Excelencia Internacional de Ámbito Regional (CEIR) Campus Mare Nostrum, Universidad de MurciaMurciaSpain
| | - Teresa Soto
- Yeast Physiology Group. Department of Genetics and Microbiology. Campus de Excelencia Internacional de Ámbito Regional (CEIR) Campus Mare Nostrum, Universidad de MurciaMurciaSpain
| | - Pilar Pérez
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de SalamancaSalamancaSpain
| | - Marisa Madrid
- Yeast Physiology Group. Department of Genetics and Microbiology. Campus de Excelencia Internacional de Ámbito Regional (CEIR) Campus Mare Nostrum, Universidad de MurciaMurciaSpain
| | - José Cansado
- Yeast Physiology Group. Department of Genetics and Microbiology. Campus de Excelencia Internacional de Ámbito Regional (CEIR) Campus Mare Nostrum, Universidad de MurciaMurciaSpain
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9
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Ivanov AI, Lechuga S, Marino‐Melendez A, Naydenov NG. Unique and redundant functions of cytoplasmic actins and nonmuscle myosin II isoforms at epithelial junctions. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1515:61-74. [PMID: 35673768 PMCID: PMC9489603 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The integrity and functions of epithelial barriers depend on the formation of adherens junctions (AJs) and tight junctions (TJs). A characteristic feature of AJs and TJs is their association with the cortical cytoskeleton composed of actin filaments and nonmuscle myosin II (NM-II) motors. Mechanical forces generated by the actomyosin cytoskeleton are essential for junctional assembly, stability, and remodeling. Epithelial cells express two different actin proteins and three NM-II isoforms, all known to be associated with AJs and TJs. Despite their structural similarity, different actin and NM-II isoforms have distinct biochemical properties, cellular distribution, and functions. The diversity of epithelial actins and myosin motors could be essential for the regulation of different steps of junctional formation, maturation, and disassembly. This review focuses on the roles of actin and NM-II isoforms in controlling the integrity and barrier properties of various epithelia. We discuss the effects of the depletion of individual actin isoforms and NM-II motors on the assembly and barrier function of AJs and TJs in model epithelial monolayers in vitro. We also describe the functional consequences of either total or tissue-specific gene knockout of different actins and NM-II motors, with a focus on the development and integrity of different epithelia in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei I. Ivanov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Susana Lechuga
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Armando Marino‐Melendez
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Nayden G. Naydenov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
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10
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Soft substrate maintains stemness and pluripotent stem cell-like phenotype of human embryonic stem cells under defined culture conditions. Cytotechnology 2022; 74:479-489. [PMID: 36110151 PMCID: PMC9374852 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-022-00537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of the pre-implantation blastocyst. Prior to embryo implantation, the ICM cells are surrounded by trophoblasts which have mechanical stiffness ranging from Pascal (Pa) to kilopascal (kPa). However, under in vitro conditions these cells are cultured on stiff tissue culture treated plastic plates (TCP) which have stiffness of approximately 1 gigapascal (GPa). This obvious dichotomy motivated us to investigate the fate of hESCs cultured on softer substrate, and to probe if the hESCs undergo differentiation or they retain pluripotency on soft substrates. We investigated the expression of pluripotency markers, and lineage-specific markers; we particularly looked at the expression of transcriptional coactivator YAP (Yes-associated protein), an important mediator of extracellular matrix (ECM) mechanical cues and a known downstream transducer of Hippo pathway. Downregulation of YAP has been correlated to the loss of multipotency of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and pluripotency in mouse ESCs (mESCs); but we report that hESCs maintain their stemness on soft substrate of varying stiffness. Our findings revealed that on soft substrate hESCs express pluripotency markers and does not undergo substrate-mediated differentiation. Interestingly we show that hESCs maintained basal level of YAP expression for cell survival and proliferation, but YAP expression does not correlate directly with pluripotency in hESCs. To summarize, our results show that hESCs retain their stemness on soft substrate despite downregulation of YAP. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10616-022-00537-z.
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11
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Kage F, Vicente-Manzanares M, McEwan BC, Kettenbach AN, Higgs HN. Myosin II proteins are required for organization of calcium-induced actin networks upstream of mitochondrial division. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar63. [PMID: 35427150 PMCID: PMC9561854 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-01-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The formin INF2 polymerizes a calcium-activated cytoplasmic network of actin filaments, which we refer to as calcium-induced actin polymerization (CIA). CIA plays important roles in multiple cellular processes, including mitochondrial dynamics and vesicle transport. Here, we show that nonmuscle myosin II (NMII) is activated within 60 s of calcium stimulation and rapidly recruited to the CIA network. Knockout of any individual NMII in U2OS cells affects the organization of the CIA network, as well as three downstream effects: endoplasmic-reticulum-to-mitochondrial calcium transfer, mitochondrial Drp1 recruitment, and mitochondrial division. Interestingly, while NMIIC is the least abundant NMII in U2OS cells (>200-fold less than NMIIA and >10-fold less than NMIIB), its knockout is equally deleterious to CIA. On the basis of these results, we propose that myosin II filaments containing all three NMII heavy chains exert organizational and contractile roles in the CIA network. In addition, NMIIA knockout causes a significant decrease in myosin regulatory light chain levels, which might have additional effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frieda Kage
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover NH 03755, USA
| | - Miguel Vicente-Manzanares
- Centro de Investigacion del Cancer/Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular del Cancer, Centro Mixto Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Brennan C. McEwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover NH 03755, USA
- Program in Cancer Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover NH 03755, USA
| | - Arminja N. Kettenbach
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover NH 03755, USA
- Program in Cancer Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover NH 03755, USA
| | - Henry N. Higgs
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover NH 03755, USA
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12
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Weißenbruch K, Fladung M, Grewe J, Baulesch L, Schwarz US, Bastmeyer M. Nonmuscle myosin IIA dynamically guides regulatory light chain phosphorylation and assembly of nonmuscle myosin IIB. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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13
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Yuan Y, Zhu C, Liu M, Ke B. Comparative proteome analysis of form-deprivation myopia in sclera with iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics. Mol Vis 2021; 27:494-505. [PMID: 34526757 PMCID: PMC8410231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Scleral remodeling plays a key role in axial elongation in myopia. The aim of the present study was to identify the proteomics changes and specific signaling networks to gain insight into the molecular basis of scleral remodeling in myopic eyes. Methods Guinea pig form-deprivation myopia was induced with a translucent diffuser on a random eye for 4 weeks, while the other eye served as the contralateral control group. The axial length and refraction were measured at the beginning and end of the treatment. The proteins were extracted from the sclerae of each group and prepared for quantitative isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labeling combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. The coexpression networks and protein functions were analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO) and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting were performed to confirm the authenticity and accuracy of the iTRAQ results. Results After 4 weeks, the form-deprivation eyes developed significant degrees of myopia, and the axial length increased statistically significantly (p<0.05). A total of 2,579 unique proteins with <1% false discovery rate (FDR) were identified. Furthermore, 56 proteins were found to be upregulated, and 84 proteins were found to be downregulated, with a threshold of a 1.2-fold change and p<0.05 in the myopia group, when compared to the control group. Further bioinformatics analysis indicated that 44 of 140 differentially expressed proteins were involved in cellular movement and cellular assembly and organization. The qRT-PCR or western blotting results confirmed that myosin IIB, ACTIN3, and cellular cytoskeletons were downregulated, while RhoA and RAP1A were upregulated in the sclera in myopic eyes. These results were consistent with the proteomics results. Conclusions Proteomics and bioinformatics results can be helpful for identifying proteins and providing new insights for better understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying scleral remodeling. These results revealed that the proteins associated with cellular movement and cellular assembly and organization are altered during the development of myopia. Furthermore, RhoA plays a key role in the pathways involved in cellular movement and cellular assembly and organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, China,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease, Shanghai, China,Shanghai engineering center for visual science and photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingming Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease, Shanghai, China,Shanghai engineering center for precise diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Bilian Ke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, China,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease, Shanghai, China
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14
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Weißenbruch K, Grewe J, Hippler M, Fladung M, Tremmel M, Stricker K, Schwarz US, Bastmeyer M. Distinct roles of nonmuscle myosin II isoforms for establishing tension and elasticity during cell morphodynamics. eLife 2021; 10:71888. [PMID: 34374341 PMCID: PMC8391736 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonmuscle myosin II (NM II) is an integral part of essential cellular processes, including adhesion and migration. Mammalian cells express up to three isoforms termed NM IIA, B, and C. We used U2OS cells to create CRISPR/Cas9-based knockouts of all three isoforms and analyzed the phenotypes on homogenously coated surfaces, in collagen gels, and on micropatterned substrates. In contrast to homogenously coated surfaces, a structured environment supports a cellular phenotype with invaginated actin arcs even in the absence of NM IIA-induced contractility. A quantitative shape analysis of cells on micropatterns combined with a scale-bridging mathematical model reveals that NM IIA is essential to build up cellular tension during initial stages of force generation, while NM IIB is necessary to elastically stabilize NM IIA-generated tension. A dynamic cell stretch/release experiment in a three-dimensional scaffold confirms these conclusions and in addition reveals a novel role for NM IIC, namely the ability to establish tensional homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Weißenbruch
- Zoological Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Justin Grewe
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,BioQuant-Center for Quantitative Biology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Hippler
- Zoological Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Magdalena Fladung
- Zoological Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Moritz Tremmel
- Zoological Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kathrin Stricker
- Zoological Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sebastian Schwarz
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,BioQuant-Center for Quantitative Biology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Bastmeyer
- Zoological Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute for Biological and Chemical Systems - Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
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15
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Trela E, Lan Q, Myllymäki SM, Villeneuve C, Lindström R, Kumar V, Wickström SA, Mikkola ML. Cell influx and contractile actomyosin force drive mammary bud growth and invagination. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:e202008062. [PMID: 34042944 PMCID: PMC8164091 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202008062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammary gland develops from the surface ectoderm during embryogenesis and proceeds through morphological phases defined as placode, hillock, bud, and bulb stages followed by branching morphogenesis. During this early morphogenesis, the mammary bud undergoes an invagination process where the thickened bud initially protrudes above the surface epithelium and then transforms to a bulb and sinks into the underlying mesenchyme. The signaling pathways regulating the early morphogenetic steps have been identified to some extent, but the underlying cellular mechanisms remain ill defined. Here, we use 3D and 4D confocal microscopy to show that the early growth of the mammary rudiment is accomplished by migration-driven cell influx, with minor contributions of cell hypertrophy and proliferation. We delineate a hitherto undescribed invagination mechanism driven by thin, elongated keratinocytes-ring cells-that form a contractile rim around the mammary bud and likely exert force via the actomyosin network. Furthermore, we show that conditional deletion of nonmuscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) impairs invagination, resulting in abnormal mammary bud shape.
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MESH Headings
- Actomyosin/metabolism
- Animals
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/ultrastructure
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Gestational Age
- Hypertrophy
- Keratinocytes/metabolism
- Keratinocytes/ultrastructure
- Mammary Glands, Animal/embryology
- Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Animal/ultrastructure
- Mechanotransduction, Cellular
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Morphogenesis
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Trela
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Qiang Lan
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu-Marja Myllymäki
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Clémentine Villeneuve
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riitta Lindström
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara A. Wickström
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marja L. Mikkola
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Garrido-Casado M, Asensio-Juárez G, Vicente-Manzanares M. Nonmuscle Myosin II Regulation Directs Its Multiple Roles in Cell Migration and Division. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2021; 37:285-310. [PMID: 34314591 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-042721-105528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nonmuscle myosin II (NMII) is a multimeric protein complex that generates most mechanical force in eukaryotic cells. NMII function is controlled at three main levels. The first level includes events that trigger conformational changes that extend the complex to enable its assembly into filaments. The second level controls the ATPase activity of the complex and its binding to microfilaments in extended NMII filaments. The third level includes events that modulate the stability and contractility of the filaments. They all work in concert to finely control force generation inside cells. NMII is a common endpoint of mechanochemical signaling pathways that control cellular responses to physical and chemical extracellular cues. Specific phosphorylations modulate NMII activation in a context-dependent manner. A few kinases control these phosphorylations in a spatially, temporally, and lineage-restricted fashion, enabling functional adaptability to the cellular microenvironment. Here, we review mechanisms that control NMII activity in the context of cell migration and division. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, Volume 37 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Garrido-Casado
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Gloria Asensio-Juárez
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Miguel Vicente-Manzanares
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
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17
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Porro C, Pennella A, Panaro MA, Trotta T. Functional Role of Non-Muscle Myosin II in Microglia: An Updated Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136687. [PMID: 34206505 PMCID: PMC8267657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Myosins are a remarkable superfamily of actin-based motor proteins that use the energy derived from ATP hydrolysis to translocate actin filaments and to produce force. Myosins are abundant in different types of tissues and involved in a large variety of cellular functions. Several classes of the myosin superfamily are expressed in the nervous system; among them, non-muscle myosin II (NM II) is expressed in both neurons and non-neuronal brain cells, such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, endothelial cells, and microglia. In the nervous system, NM II modulates a variety of functions, such as vesicle transport, phagocytosis, cell migration, cell adhesion and morphology, secretion, transcription, and cytokinesis, as well as playing key roles during brain development, inflammation, repair, and myelination functions. In this review, we will provide a brief overview of recent emerging roles of NM II in resting and activated microglia cells, the principal regulators of immune processes in the central nervous system (CNS) in both physiological and pathological conditions. When stimulated, microglial cells react and produce a number of mediators, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines, free radicals, and nitric oxide, that enhance inflammation and contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. Inhibition of NM II could be a new therapeutic target to treat or to prevent CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Porro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (C.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonio Pennella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (C.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Maria Antonietta Panaro
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Teresa Trotta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (C.P.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Schliffka MF, Tortorelli AF, Özgüç Ö, de Plater L, Polzer O, Pelzer D, Maître JL. Multiscale analysis of single and double maternal-zygotic Myh9 and Myh10 mutants during mouse preimplantation development. eLife 2021; 10:e68536. [PMID: 33871354 PMCID: PMC8096435 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During the first days of mammalian development, the embryo forms the blastocyst, the structure responsible for implanting the mammalian embryo. Consisting of an epithelium enveloping the pluripotent inner cell mass and a fluid-filled lumen, the blastocyst results from a series of cleavage divisions, morphogenetic movements, and lineage specification. Recent studies have identified the essential role of actomyosin contractility in driving cytokinesis, morphogenesis, and fate specification, leading to the formation of the blastocyst. However, the preimplantation development of contractility mutants has not been characterized. Here, we generated single and double maternal-zygotic mutants of non-muscle myosin II heavy chains (NMHCs) to characterize them with multiscale imaging. We found that Myh9 (NMHC II-A) is the major NMHC during preimplantation development as its maternal-zygotic loss causes failed cytokinesis, increased duration of the cell cycle, weaker embryo compaction, and reduced differentiation, whereas Myh10 (NMHC II-B) maternal-zygotic loss is much less severe. Double maternal-zygotic mutants for Myh9 and Myh10 show a much stronger phenotype, failing most of the attempts of cytokinesis. We found that morphogenesis and fate specification are affected but nevertheless carry on in a timely fashion, regardless of the impact of the mutations on cell number. Strikingly, even when all cell divisions fail, the resulting single-celled embryo can initiate trophectoderm differentiation and lumen formation by accumulating fluid in increasingly large vacuoles. Therefore, contractility mutants reveal that fluid accumulation is a cell-autonomous process and that the preimplantation program carries on independently of successful cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Frederik Schliffka
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
- Carl Zeiss SASMarly-le-RoyFrance
| | | | - Özge Özgüç
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | | | - Oliver Polzer
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Diane Pelzer
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Jean-Léon Maître
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
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19
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Singh K, Kim AB, Morgan KG. Non-muscle myosin II regulates aortic stiffness through effects on specific focal adhesion proteins and the non-muscle cortical cytoskeleton. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:2471-2483. [PMID: 33547870 PMCID: PMC7933926 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non‐muscle myosin II (NMII) plays a role in many fundamental cellular processes including cell adhesion, migration, and cytokinesis. However, its role in mammalian vascular function is not well understood. Here, we investigated the function of NMII in the biomechanical and signalling properties of mouse aorta. We found that blebbistatin, an inhibitor of NMII, decreases agonist‐induced aortic stress and stiffness in a dose‐dependent manner. We also specifically demonstrate that in freshly isolated, contractile, aortic smooth muscle cells, the non‐muscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) isoform is associated with contractile filaments in the core of the cell as well as those in the non‐muscle cell cortex. However, the non‐muscle myosin IIB (NMIIB) isoform is excluded from the cell cortex and colocalizes only with contractile filaments. Furthermore, both siRNA knockdown of NMIIA and NMIIB isoforms in the differentiated A7r5 smooth muscle cell line and blebbistatin‐mediated inhibition of NM myosin II suppress agonist‐activated increases in phosphorylation of the focal adhesion proteins FAK Y925 and paxillin Y118. Thus, we show in the present study, for the first time that NMII regulates aortic stiffness and stress and that this regulation is mediated through the tension‐dependent phosphorylation of the focal adhesion proteins FAK and paxillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Singh
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.,CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Anne B Kim
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Hu Y, Yang C, Amorim T, Maqbool M, Lin J, Li C, Fang C, Xue L, Kwart A, Fang H, Yin M, Janocha AJ, Tsuchimoto D, Nakabeppu Y, Jiang X, Mejia-Garcia A, Anwer F, Khouri J, Qi X, Zheng QY, Yu JS, Yan S, LaFramboise T, Anderson KC, Herlitz LC, Munshi NC, Lin J, Zhao J. Cisplatin-Mediated Upregulation of APE2 Binding to MYH9 Provokes Mitochondrial Fragmentation and Acute Kidney Injury. Cancer Res 2021; 81:713-723. [PMID: 33288657 PMCID: PMC7869671 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin chemotherapy is standard care for many cancers but is toxic to the kidneys. How this toxicity occurs is uncertain. In this study, we identified apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 2 (APE2) as a critical molecule upregulated in the proximal tubule cells (PTC) following cisplatin-induced nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA damage in cisplatin-treated C57B6J mice. The APE2 transgenic mouse phenotype recapitulated the pathophysiological features of C-AKI (acute kidney injury, AKI) in the absence of cisplatin treatment. APE2 pulldown-MS analysis revealed that APE2 binds myosin heavy-Chain 9 (MYH9) protein in mitochondria after cisplatin treatment. Human MYH9-related disorder is caused by mutations in MYH9 that eventually lead to nephritis, macrothrombocytopenia, and deafness, a constellation of symptoms similar to the toxicity profile of cisplatin. Moreover, cisplatin-induced C-AKI was attenuated in APE2-knockout mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that cisplatin promotes AKI development by upregulating APE2, which leads to subsequent MYH9 dysfunction in PTC mitochondria due to an unrelated role of APE2 in DNA damage repair. This postulated mechanism and the availability of an engineered transgenic mouse model based on the mechanism of C-AKI provides an opportunity to identify novel targets for prophylactic treatment of this serious disease. SIGNIFICANCE: These results reveal and highlight an unexpected role of APE2 via its interaction with MYH9 and suggest that APE2 has the potential to prevent acute kidney injury in patients with cisplatin-treated cancer. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/81/3/713/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the 4th Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tania Amorim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mohsin Maqbool
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jenny Lin
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- College of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Chuanfeng Fang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the 4th Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Xue
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the 4th Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ariel Kwart
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Hua Fang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mei Yin
- Image Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Allison J Janocha
- The Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Daisuke Tsuchimoto
- Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Japan
| | - Yusaku Nakabeppu
- Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Japan
| | - Xiaofeng Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the 4th Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Alex Mejia-Garcia
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Faiz Anwer
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jack Khouri
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Qing Y Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jennifer S Yu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Shan Yan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Thomas LaFramboise
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kenneth C Anderson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leal C Herlitz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nikhil C Munshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jianhong Lin
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
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21
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Ke W, Wang B, Hua W, Song Y, Lu S, Luo R, Li G, Wang K, Liao Z, Xiang Q, Li S, Wu X, Zhang Y, Yang C. The distinct roles of myosin IIA and IIB under compression stress in nucleus pulposus cells. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e12987. [PMID: 33415745 PMCID: PMC7848961 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Inappropriate or excessive compression applied to intervertebral disc (IVD) contributes substantially to IVD degeneration. The actomyosin system plays a leading role in responding to mechanical stimuli. In the present study, we investigated the roles of myosin II isoforms in the compression stress‐induced senescence of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. Material and methods Nucleus pulposus cells were exposed to 1.0 MPa compression for 0, 12, 24 or 36 hours. Immunofluorescence and co‐immunoprecipitation analysis were used to measure the interaction of myosin IIA and IIB with actin. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect nuclear expression and nuclear localization of MRTF‐A. In addition, the expression levels of p‐RhoA/RhoA, ROCK1/2 and p‐MLC/MLC were measured in human NP cells under compression stress and in degenerative IVD tissues. Results Compression stress increased the interaction of myosin IIA and actin, while the interaction of myosin IIB and actin was reduced. The actomyosin cytoskeleton remodelling was involved in the compression stress‐induced fibrotic phenotype mediated by MRTF‐A nuclear translocation and inhibition of proliferation in NP cells. Furthermore, RhoA/ROCK1 pathway activation mediated compression stress‐induced human NP cells senescence by regulating the interaction of myosin IIA and IIB with actin. Conclusions We for the first time investigated the regulation of actomyosin cytoskeleton in human NP cells under compression stress. It provided new insights into the development of therapy for effectively inhibiting IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencan Ke
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingjin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenbin Hua
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Saideng Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongjin Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gaocai Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiwei Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinghuo Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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22
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Chinowsky CR, Pinette JA, Meenderink LM, Lau KS, Tyska MJ. Nonmuscle myosin-2 contractility-dependent actin turnover limits the length of epithelial microvilli. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:2803-2815. [PMID: 33026933 PMCID: PMC7851865 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-09-0582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brush border microvilli enable functions that are critical for epithelial homeostasis, including solute uptake and host defense. However, the mechanisms that regulate the assembly and morphology of these protrusions are poorly understood. The parallel actin bundles that support microvilli have their pointed-end rootlets anchored in a filamentous meshwork referred to as the "terminal web." Although classic electron microscopy studies revealed complex ultrastructure, the composition and function of the terminal web remain unclear. Here we identify nonmuscle myosin-2C (NM2C) as a component of the terminal web. NM2C is found in a dense, isotropic layer of puncta across the subapical domain, which transects the rootlets of microvillar actin bundles. Puncta are separated by ∼210 nm, the expected size of filaments formed by NM2C. In intestinal organoid cultures, the terminal web NM2C network is highly dynamic and exhibits continuous remodeling. Using pharmacological and genetic perturbations in cultured intestinal epithelial cells, we found that NM2C controls the length of growing microvilli by regulating actin turnover in a manner that requires a fully active motor domain. Our findings answer a decades-old question on the function of terminal web myosin and hold broad implications for understanding apical morphogenesis in diverse epithelial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colbie R. Chinowsky
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Julia A. Pinette
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Leslie M. Meenderink
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Ken S. Lau
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Matthew J. Tyska
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
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23
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Wang K, Okada H, Bi E. Comparative Analysis of the Roles of Non-muscle Myosin-IIs in Cytokinesis in Budding Yeast, Fission Yeast, and Mammalian Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:593400. [PMID: 33330476 PMCID: PMC7710916 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.593400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The contractile ring, which plays critical roles in cytokinesis in fungal and animal cells, has fascinated biologists for decades. However, the basic question of how the non-muscle myosin-II and actin filaments are assembled into a ring structure to drive cytokinesis remains poorly understood. It is even more mysterious why and how the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and humans construct the ring structure with one, two, and three myosin-II isoforms, respectively. Here, we provide a comparative analysis of the roles of the non-muscle myosin-IIs in cytokinesis in these three model systems, with the goal of defining the common and unique features and highlighting the major questions regarding this family of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangji Wang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hiroki Okada
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Erfei Bi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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24
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Conventional and Non-Conventional Roles of Non-Muscle Myosin II-Actin in Neuronal Development and Degeneration. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091926. [PMID: 32825197 PMCID: PMC7566000 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosins are motor proteins that use chemical energy to produce mechanical forces driving actin cytoskeletal dynamics. In the brain, the conventional non-muscle myosin II (NMII) regulates actin filament cytoskeletal assembly and contractile forces during structural remodeling of axons and dendrites, contributing to morphology, polarization, and migration of neurons during brain development. NMII isoforms also participate in neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity by driving actin cytoskeletal dynamics during synaptic vesicle release and retrieval, and formation, maturation, and remodeling of dendritic spines. NMIIs are expressed differentially in cerebral non-neuronal cells, such as microglia, astrocytes, and endothelial cells, wherein they play key functions in inflammation, myelination, and repair. Besides major efforts to understand the physiological functions and regulatory mechanisms of NMIIs in the nervous system, their contributions to brain pathologies are still largely unclear. Nonetheless, genetic mutations or deregulation of NMII and its regulatory effectors are linked to autism, schizophrenia, intellectual disability, and neurodegeneration, indicating non-conventional roles of NMIIs in cellular mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we summarize the emerging biological roles of NMIIs in the brain, and discuss how actomyosin signaling contributes to dysfunction of neurons and glial cells in the context of neurological disorders. This knowledge is relevant for a deep understanding of NMIIs on the pathogenesis and therapeutics of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases.
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25
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Abstract
Myosins constitute a superfamily of actin-based molecular motor proteins that mediates a variety of cellular activities including muscle contraction, cell migration, intracellular transport, the formation of membrane projections, cell adhesion, and cell signaling. The 12 myosin classes that are expressed in humans share sequence similarities especially in the N-terminal motor domain; however, their enzymatic activities, regulation, ability to dimerize, binding partners, and cellular functions differ. It is becoming increasingly apparent that defects in myosins are associated with diseases including cardiomyopathies, colitis, glomerulosclerosis, neurological defects, cancer, blindness, and deafness. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding myosins and disease.
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26
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Ma X, Uchida Y, Wei T, Liu C, Adams RH, Kubota Y, Gutkind JS, Mukouyama YS, Adelstein RS. Nonmuscle myosin 2 regulates cortical stability during sprouting angiogenesis. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:1974-1987. [PMID: 32583739 PMCID: PMC7543065 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-03-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the three nonmuscle myosin 2 (NM2) paralogs, NM 2A and 2B, but not 2C, are detected in endothelial cells. To study the role of NM2 in vascular formation, we ablate NM2 in endothelial cells in mice. Ablating NM2A, but not NM2B, results in reduced blood vessel coverage and increased vascular branching in the developing mouse skin and coronary vasculature. NM2B becomes essential for vascular formation when NM2A expression is limited. Mice ablated for NM2B and one allele of NM2A develop vascular abnormalities similar to those in NM2A ablated mice. Using the embryoid body angiogenic sprouting assay in collagen gels reveals that NM2A is required for persistent angiogenic sprouting by stabilizing the endothelial cell cortex, and thereby preventing excessive branching and ensuring persistent migration of the endothelial sprouts. Mechanistically, NM2 promotes focal adhesion formation and cortical protrusion retraction during angiogenic sprouting. Further studies demonstrate the critical role of Rho kinase–activated NM2 signaling in the regulation of angiogenic sprouting in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1762
| | - Yutaka Uchida
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neurovascular Biology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1762
| | - Tingyi Wei
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1762
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Transgenic Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1762
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Munster, D-48149 Munster, Germany
| | - Yoshiaki Kubota
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo160-8582, Japan
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Yoh-Suke Mukouyama
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neurovascular Biology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1762
| | - Robert S Adelstein
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1762
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27
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Artificially decreasing cortical tension generates aneuploidy in mouse oocytes. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1649. [PMID: 32245998 PMCID: PMC7125192 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15470-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human and mouse oocytes’ developmental potential can be predicted by their mechanical properties. Their development into blastocysts requires a specific stiffness window. In this study, we combine live-cell and computational imaging, laser ablation, and biophysical measurements to investigate how deregulation of cortex tension in the oocyte contributes to early developmental failure. We focus on extra-soft cells, the most common defect in a natural population. Using two independent tools to artificially decrease cortical tension, we show that chromosome alignment is impaired in extra-soft mouse oocytes, despite normal spindle morphogenesis and dynamics, inducing aneuploidy. The main cause is a cytoplasmic increase in myosin-II activity that could sterically hinder chromosome capture. We describe here an original mode of generation of aneuploidies that could be very common in oocytes and could contribute to the high aneuploidy rate observed during female meiosis, a leading cause of infertility and congenital disorders. The developmental potential of human and murine oocytes is predicted by their mechanical properties. Here the authors show that artificial reduction of cortex tension produces aneuploid mouse oocytes and speculate that this may contribute to the high aneuploidy rate typical of female meiosis.
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28
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Exome sequencing of extreme phenotypes in bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Eur J Pediatr 2020; 179:579-586. [PMID: 31848748 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-019-03535-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is the most common chronic respiratory disease in premature infants with growing evidence that genetic factors contribute largely to moderate and severe cases. We assessed by exome sequencing if rare genetic variants could account for extremely severe phenotypes. We selected 6 infants born very preterm with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia and 8 very preterm born controls for exome sequencing. We filtered whole exome sequencing results to include only rare variants and selected variants and/or genes with variants that were present in at least 2 cases and absent in controls. We selected variants, all heterozygous, in 9 candidate genes, 7 with a putative role in lung development and 2 that displayed 3 variations in 3 different cases, independently of their potential role in lung development. Sequencing of 5 other severe cases for these variants did not replicate our results.Conclusion: In selected preterm born infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia and controls, we failed to find any rare variant shared by several infants with an extremely severe phenotype. Our results are not consistent with the role of rare causative variants in bronchopulmonary dysplasia's development and argue for the highly polygenic nature of susceptibility of this disorder.What is Known:• Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a multifactorial disease resulting from complex environmental and genetic interactions occurring in an immature lung.• It is not known whether rare genetic variants in coding regions could account for extreme phenotypes of the disease.What is New:• In a group of infants with an extreme phenotype of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and in comparison to controls, no common genetic variants were found, nor did variants that were select in other exome studies in this setting.• These results argue for the highly polygenic nature of susceptibility of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
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29
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Vandervore LV, Schot R, Kasteleijn E, Oegema R, Stouffs K, Gheldof A, Grochowska MM, van der Sterre MLT, van Unen LMA, Wilke M, Elfferich P, van der Spek PJ, Heijsman D, Grandone A, Demmers JAA, Dekkers DHW, Slotman JA, Kremers GJ, Schaaf GJ, Masius RG, van Essen AJ, Rump P, van Haeringen A, Peeters E, Altunoglu U, Kalayci T, Poot RA, Dobyns WB, Bahi-Buisson N, Verheijen FW, Jansen AC, Mancini GMS. Heterogeneous clinical phenotypes and cerebral malformations reflected by rotatin cellular dynamics. Brain 2019; 142:867-884. [PMID: 30879067 PMCID: PMC6439326 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recessive mutations in RTTN, encoding the protein rotatin, were originally identified as cause of polymicrogyria, a cortical malformation. With time, a wide variety of other brain malformations has been ascribed to RTTN mutations, including primary microcephaly. Rotatin is a centrosomal protein possibly involved in centriolar elongation and ciliogenesis. However, the function of rotatin in brain development is largely unknown and the molecular disease mechanism underlying cortical malformations has not yet been elucidated. We performed both clinical and cell biological studies, aimed at clarifying rotatin function and pathogenesis. Review of the 23 published and five unpublished clinical cases and genomic mutations, including the effect of novel deep intronic pathogenic mutations on RTTN transcripts, allowed us to extrapolate the core phenotype, consisting of intellectual disability, short stature, microcephaly, lissencephaly, periventricular heterotopia, polymicrogyria and other malformations. We show that the severity of the phenotype is related to residual function of the protein, not only the level of mRNA expression. Skin fibroblasts from eight affected individuals were studied by high resolution immunomicroscopy and flow cytometry, in parallel with in vitro expression of RTTN in HEK293T cells. We demonstrate that rotatin regulates different phases of the cell cycle and is mislocalized in affected individuals. Mutant cells showed consistent and severe mitotic failure with centrosome amplification and multipolar spindle formation, leading to aneuploidy and apoptosis, which could relate to depletion of neuronal progenitors often observed in microcephaly. We confirmed the role of rotatin in functional and structural maintenance of primary cilia and determined that the protein localized not only to the basal body, but also to the axoneme, proving the functional interconnectivity between ciliogenesis and cell cycle progression. Proteomics analysis of both native and exogenous rotatin uncovered that rotatin interacts with the neuronal (non-muscle) myosin heavy chain subunits, motors of nucleokinesis during neuronal migration, and in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived bipolar mature neurons rotatin localizes at the centrosome in the leading edge. This illustrates the role of rotatin in neuronal migration. These different functions of rotatin explain why RTTN mutations can lead to heterogeneous cerebral malformations, both related to proliferation and migration defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura V Vandervore
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Neurogenetics Research Group, Research Cluster Reproduction, Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Center for Medical Genetics, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rachel Schot
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esmee Kasteleijn
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renske Oegema
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Clinical Bio-informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katrien Stouffs
- Neurogenetics Research Group, Research Cluster Reproduction, Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Center for Medical Genetics, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexander Gheldof
- Neurogenetics Research Group, Research Cluster Reproduction, Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Center for Medical Genetics, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martyna M Grochowska
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne L T van der Sterre
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leontine M A van Unen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Wilke
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Elfferich
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J van der Spek
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino, di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Seconda Università degli studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Daphne Heijsman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino, di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Seconda Università degli studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Grandone
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Proteomics Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen A A Demmers
- Department of Pathology, Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick H W Dekkers
- Department of Pathology, Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center (Erasmus MC), 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Kremers
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center (Erasmus MC), 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben J Schaaf
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roy G Masius
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton J van Essen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, LUMC, Leiden University Medical Center, Postzone K-5-R, Postbus 9600, RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Rump
- Department of Clinical Genetics, LUMC, Leiden University Medical Center, Postzone K-5-R, Postbus 9600, RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arie van Haeringen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Juliana Hospital, Els Borst-Eilersplein 275, 2545 AA Den Haag, The Netherlands
| | - Els Peeters
- Department of Medical genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Topkapı Mahallesi, Turgut Özal Millet Cd, 34093 Fatih/İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Umut Altunoglu
- Department of Cell biology, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tugba Kalayci
- Department of Cell biology, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond A Poot
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William B Dobyns
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR-1163, Laboratory Genetics and Embryology of Congenital Malformations, Paris Descartes University, Institut des Maladies Génétiques 24, Boulevard de Montparnasse, Paris, France
| | - Nadia Bahi-Buisson
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frans W Verheijen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna C Jansen
- Neurogenetics Research Group, Research Cluster Reproduction, Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Center for Medical Genetics, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Grazia M S Mancini
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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Wang J, Fan Y, Sanger JM, Sanger JW. Nonmuscle myosin II in cardiac and skeletal muscle cells. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2019; 75:339-351. [PMID: 29781105 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
De novo assembly of contractile myofibrils begins with the formation of premyofibrils where filaments of non-muscle myosin (NM II), and actin organize in sarcomeric patterns with Z-Bodies containing muscle-specific alpha-actinin. Interactions of muscle specific myosin (MM II) with NM II occur in a nascent myofibril stage that precedes the assembly of mature myofibrils. By the final stage of myofibrillogenesis, the only myosin II present in the mature myofibrils is MM II. In this current study of myofibril assembly, the three vertebrate isoforms of NM II (A, B, and C) and sarcomeric alpha-actinin, ligated to GFP family proteins, were coexpressed in avian embryonic skeletal and cardiac muscle cells. Each isoform of NM II localized only in the mini-A-Bands of premyofibrils and nascent myofibrils. There was no evidence of localization of NM II in Z-Bodies of premyofibrils and nascent myofibrils or in Z-Bands of mature myofibrils. Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) experiments indicated similar exchange rates in premyofibrils for NM II isoforms A and B, whereas the IIC isoform was significantly less dynamic. Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) measurements of colocalized fluorescent pairs of different NM II isoforms yielded signals similar to identical pairs, indicating copolymerization of the different NM II pairs. The role of NM II may reside in establishing the future sarcomere pattern in mature myofibrils by binding to the oppositely polarized actin filaments that extend between pairs of Z-Bodies along premyofibrils prior to their transformation into mature myofibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jushuo Wang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210
| | - Yingli Fan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210
| | - Jean M Sanger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210
| | - Joseph W Sanger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210
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31
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Heuzé ML, Sankara Narayana GHN, D'Alessandro J, Cellerin V, Dang T, Williams DS, Van Hest JC, Marcq P, Mège RM, Ladoux B. Myosin II isoforms play distinct roles in adherens junction biogenesis. eLife 2019; 8:46599. [PMID: 31486768 PMCID: PMC6756789 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adherens junction (AJ) assembly under force is essential for many biological processes like epithelial monolayer bending, collective cell migration, cell extrusion and wound healing. The acto-myosin cytoskeleton acts as a major force-generator during the de novo formation and remodeling of AJ. Here, we investigated the role of non-muscle myosin II isoforms (NMIIA and NMIIB) in epithelial junction assembly. NMIIA and NMIIB differentially regulate biogenesis of AJ through association with distinct actin networks. Analysis of junction dynamics, actin organization, and mechanical forces of control and knockdown cells for myosins revealed that NMIIA provides the mechanical tugging force necessary for cell-cell junction reinforcement and maintenance. NMIIB is involved in E-cadherin clustering, maintenance of a branched actin layer connecting E-cadherin complexes and perijunctional actin fibres leading to the building-up of anisotropic stress. These data reveal unanticipated complementary functions of NMIIA and NMIIB in the biogenesis and integrity of AJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélina L Heuzé
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université de Paris and CNRS UMR 7592, Paris, France
| | | | - Joseph D'Alessandro
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université de Paris and CNRS UMR 7592, Paris, France
| | - Victor Cellerin
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université de Paris and CNRS UMR 7592, Paris, France
| | - Tien Dang
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université de Paris and CNRS UMR 7592, Paris, France
| | - David S Williams
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Cm Van Hest
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Philippe Marcq
- Laboratoire Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes, Sorbonne Université and CNRS UMR 7636, Paris, France
| | - René-Marc Mège
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université de Paris and CNRS UMR 7592, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Ladoux
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université de Paris and CNRS UMR 7592, Paris, France
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32
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Tan L, Yuan X, Liu Y, Cai X, Guo S, Wang A. Non-muscle Myosin II: Role in Microbial Infection and Its Potential as a Therapeutic Target. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:401. [PMID: 30886609 PMCID: PMC6409350 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the major measures of preventing and controlling microbial infection are vaccinations and drugs. However, the appearance of drug resistance microbial mounts is main obstacle in current anti-microbial therapy. One of the most ubiquitous actin-binding proteins, non-muscle myosin II (NM II) plays a crucial role in a wide range of cellular physiological activities in mammals, including cell adhesion, migration, and division. Nowadays, growing evidence indicates that aberrant expression or activity of NM II can be detected in many diseases caused by microbes, including viruses and bacteria. Furthermore, an important role for NM II in the infection of some microbes is verified. Importantly, modulating the expression of NM II with small hairpin RNA (shRNA) or the activity of it by inhibitors can affect microbial-triggered phenotypes. Therefore, NM II holds the promise to be a potential target for inhibiting the infection of microbes and even treating microbial-triggered discords. In spite of these, a comprehensive view on the functions of NM II in microbial infection and the regulators which have an impact on the roles of NM II in this context, is still lacking. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on the roles of NM II in microbial-triggered discords and provide broad insights into its regulators. In addition, the existing challenge of investigating the multiple roles of NM II in microbial infection and developing NM II inhibitors for treating these microbial-triggered discords, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Research and Development Center for Animal Reverse Vaccinology of Hunan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaomin Yuan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Research and Development Center for Animal Reverse Vaccinology of Hunan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yisong Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Research and Development Center for Animal Reverse Vaccinology of Hunan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiong Cai
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Shiyin Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Aibing Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Research and Development Center for Animal Reverse Vaccinology of Hunan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Yamamoto K, Otomo K, Nemoto T, Ishihara S, Haga H, Nagasaki A, Murakami Y, Takahashi M. Differential contributions of nonmuscle myosin IIA and IIB to cytokinesis in human immortalized fibroblasts. Exp Cell Res 2019; 376:67-76. [PMID: 30711568 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Nonmuscle myosin II (NMII) plays an important role in cytokinesis by constricting a contractile ring. However, it is poorly understood how NMII isoforms contribute to cytokinesis in mammalian cells. Here, we investigated the roles of the two major NMII isoforms, NMIIA and NMIIB, in cytokinesis using a WI-38 VA13 cell line (human immortalized fibroblast). In this cell line, NMIIB tended to localize to the contractile ring more than NMIIA. The expression level of NMIIA affected the localization of NMIIB. Most NMIIB accumulated at the cleavage furrow in NMIIA-knockout (KO) cells, and most NMIIA was displaced from this location in exogenous NMIIB-expressing cells, indicating that NMIIB preferentially localizes to the contractile ring. Specific KO of each isoform elicited opposite effects. The rate of furrow ingression was decreased and increased in NMIIA-KO and NMIIB-KO cells, respectively. Meanwhile, the length of NMII-filament stacks in the contractile ring was increased and decreased in NMIIA-KO and NMIIB-KO cells, respectively. Moreover, NMIIA helped to maintain cortical stiffness during cytokinesis. These findings suggest that appropriate ratio of NMIIA and NMIIB in the contractile ring is important for proper cytokinesis in specific cell types. In addition, two-photon excitation spinning-disk confocal microscopy enabled us to image constriction of the contractile ring in live cells in a three-dimensional manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Kohei Otomo
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nemoto
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Ishihara
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hisashi Haga
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Akira Nagasaki
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8562, Japan
| | - Yota Murakami
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takahashi
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
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34
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Kim HT, Yin W, Jin YJ, Panza P, Gunawan F, Grohmann B, Buettner C, Sokol AM, Preussner J, Guenther S, Kostin S, Ruppert C, Bhagwat AM, Ma X, Graumann J, Looso M, Guenther A, Adelstein RS, Offermanns S, Stainier DYR. Myh10 deficiency leads to defective extracellular matrix remodeling and pulmonary disease. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4600. [PMID: 30389913 PMCID: PMC6214918 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06833-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired alveolar formation and maintenance are features of many pulmonary diseases that are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In a forward genetic screen for modulators of mouse lung development, we identified the non-muscle myosin II heavy chain gene, Myh10. Myh10 mutant pups exhibit cyanosis and respiratory distress, and die shortly after birth from differentiation defects in alveolar epithelium and mesenchyme. From omics analyses and follow up studies, we find decreased Thrombospondin expression accompanied with increased matrix metalloproteinase activity in both mutant lungs and cultured mutant fibroblasts, as well as disrupted extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Loss of Myh10 specifically in mesenchymal cells results in ECM deposition defects and alveolar simplification. Notably, MYH10 expression is downregulated in the lung of emphysema patients. Altogether, our findings reveal critical roles for Myh10 in alveologenesis at least in part via the regulation of ECM remodeling, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Taek Kim
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany.
| | - Wenguang Yin
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Young-June Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Paolo Panza
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Felix Gunawan
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Beate Grohmann
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Carmen Buettner
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Anna M Sokol
- Scientific Service Group of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Jens Preussner
- ECCPS Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Stefan Guenther
- ECCPS Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Sawa Kostin
- Scientific Service Group of Morphometry, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Clemens Ruppert
- Biobank, University of Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGLMC), Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Aditya M Bhagwat
- Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, PO 24144, Qatar
| | - Xuefei Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Johannes Graumann
- Scientific Service Group of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt, 60323, Germany
| | - Mario Looso
- ECCPS Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Andreas Guenther
- Biobank, University of Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGLMC), Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Robert S Adelstein
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt, 60323, Germany
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany.
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt, 60323, Germany.
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35
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Dash B, Dib-Hajj SD, Waxman SG. Multiple myosin motors interact with sodium/potassium-ATPase alpha 1 subunits. Mol Brain 2018; 11:45. [PMID: 30086768 PMCID: PMC6081954 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-018-0388-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The alpha1 (α1) subunit of the sodium/potassium ATPase (i.e., Na+/K+-ATPase α1), the prototypical sodium pump, is expressed in each eukaryotic cell. They pump out three sodium ions in exchange for two extracellular potassium ions to establish a cellular electrochemical gradient important for firing of neuronal and cardiac action potentials. We hypothesized that myosin (myo or myh) motor proteins might interact with Na+/K+-ATPase α1 subunits in order for them to play an important role in the transport and trafficking of sodium pump. To this end immunoassays were performed to determine whether class II non-muscle myosins (i.e., NMHC-IIA/myh9, NMHC-IIB/myh10 or NMHC-IIC/myh14), myosin Va (myoVa) and myosin VI (myoVI) would interact with Na+/K+-ATPase α1 subunits. Immunoprecipitation of myh9, myh10, myh14, myoVa and myoVI from rat brain tissues led to the co-immunoprecipitation of Na+/K+-ATPase α1 subunits expressed there. Heterologous expression studies using HEK293 cells indicated that recombinant myh9, myh10, myh14 and myoVI interact with Na+/K+-ATPase α1 subunits expressed in HEK293 cells. Additional results indicated that loss of tail regions in recombinant myh9, myh10, myh14 and myoVI did not affect their interaction with Na+/K+-ATPase α1 subunits. However, recombinant myh9, myh10 and myh14 mutants having reduced or no actin binding ability, as a result of loss of their actin binding sites, displayed greatly reduced or null interaction with Na+/K+-ATPase α1 subunits. These results suggested the involvement of the actin binding site, but not tail regions, of NMHC-IIs in their interaction with Na+/K+-ATPase α1 subunits. Overall these results suggest a role for these diverse myosins in the trafficking and transport of sodium pump in neuronal and non-neuronal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagirathi Dash
- Department of Neurology, Yale University Schoolof Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.,Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.,Rehabilitation Research center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Avenue, Bldg. 34, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Sulayman D Dib-Hajj
- Department of Neurology, Yale University Schoolof Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.,Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.,Rehabilitation Research center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Avenue, Bldg. 34, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Stephen G Waxman
- Department of Neurology, Yale University Schoolof Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA. .,Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA. .,Rehabilitation Research center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Avenue, Bldg. 34, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
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36
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Zhang Y, Liu C, Adelstein RS, Ma X. Replacing nonmuscle myosin 2A with myosin 2C1 permits gastrulation but not placenta vascular development in mice. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:2326-2335. [PMID: 30044719 PMCID: PMC6249808 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-12-0713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Three paralogues of nonmuscle myosin 2 (NM 2A, 2B, and 2C) are expressed in mammals, and the heavy chains are the products of three different genes (Myh9, Myh10, and Myh14, respectively). NM 2A and 2B are essential for mouse development, while 2C is not. Studies on NM 2C are limited and the in vivo function of this paralogue is not clear. Using homologous recombination, cDNA encoding nonmuscle myosin heavy chain 2C1 fused with GFP was introduced into the first coding exon of Myh9, replacing NM 2A expression with NM 2C1 expression in mice. In contrast to A-/A- embryos, which die by embryonic day (E) 6.5, AC1*gfp/AC1*gfp embryos survive through E8.5, demonstrating that NM 2C1 can support mouse development beyond gastrulation. At E9.5 and E10.5, however, AC1*gfp/AC1*gfp embryos are developmentally delayed, with abnormalities in placental vascular formation. The defect in vascular formation is confirmed in allantois explants from AC1*gfp/AC1*gfp embryos. Thus, NM 2C1 cannot support normal placental vascular formation. In addition, AC1*gfp/AC1*gfp mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) migrate rapidly but with impaired persistence and develop smaller, less mature focal adhesions than A+/A+ MEFs. This is attributed to enhanced NM 2C1 actomyosin stability and different NM 2C1 subcellular localization than in NM 2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfan Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1583
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Transgenic Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1583
| | - Robert S Adelstein
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1583
| | - Xuefei Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1583
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37
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Pecci A, Ma X, Savoia A, Adelstein RS. MYH9: Structure, functions and role of non-muscle myosin IIA in human disease. Gene 2018; 664:152-167. [PMID: 29679756 PMCID: PMC5970098 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The MYH9 gene encodes the heavy chain of non-muscle myosin IIA, a widely expressed cytoplasmic myosin that participates in a variety of processes requiring the generation of intracellular chemomechanical force and translocation of the actin cytoskeleton. Non-muscle myosin IIA functions are regulated by phosphorylation of its 20 kDa light chain, of the heavy chain, and by interactions with other proteins. Variants of MYH9 cause an autosomal-dominant disorder, termed MYH9-related disease, and may be involved in other conditions, such as chronic kidney disease, non-syndromic deafness, and cancer. This review discusses the structure of the MYH9 gene and its protein, as well as the regulation and physiologic functions of non-muscle myosin IIA with particular reference to embryonic development. Moreover, the review focuses on current knowledge about the role of MYH9 variants in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pecci
- Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia, Piazzale Golgi, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Xuefei Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10 Room 6C-103B, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1583, USA.
| | - Anna Savoia
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, via Dell'Istria, 65/1, I-34137 Trieste, Italy; IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, via Dell'Istria, 65/1, I-34137 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Robert S Adelstein
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10 Room 6C-103B, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1583, USA.
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38
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Otterpohl KL, Hart RG, Evans C, Surendran K, Chandrasekar I. Nonmuscle myosin 2 proteins encoded by Myh9, Myh10, and Myh14 are uniquely distributed in the tubular segments of murine kidney. Physiol Rep 2018; 5. [PMID: 29208685 PMCID: PMC5727274 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The diverse epithelial cell types of the kidneys are segregated into nephron segments and the collecting ducts in order to endow each tubular segment with unique functions. The rich diversity of the epithelial cell types is highlighted by the unique membrane channels and receptors expressed within each nephron segment. Our previous work identified a critical role for Myh9 and Myh10 in mammalian endocytosis. Here, we examined the expression patterns of Nonmuscle myosin 2 (NM2) heavy chains encoded by Myh9, Myh10, and Myh14 in mouse kidneys as these genes may confer unique nephron segment‐specific membrane transport properties. Interestingly, we found that each segment of the renal tubules predominately expressed only two of the three NM2 isoforms, with isoform‐specific subcellular localization, and different levels of expression within a nephron segment. Additionally, we identify Myh14 to be restricted to the intercalated cells and Myh10 to be restricted to the principal cells within the collecting ducts and connecting segments. We speculate that the distinct expression pattern of the NM2 proteins likely reflects the diversity of the intracellular trafficking machinery present within the different renal tubular epithelial segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla L Otterpohl
- Enabling Technologies Group - Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Ryan G Hart
- Enabling Technologies Group - Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Claire Evans
- Molecular Pathology Core, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Kameswaran Surendran
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group - Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, USD Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Indra Chandrasekar
- Enabling Technologies Group - Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, USD Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
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39
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Sumigray KD, Terwilliger M, Lechler T. Morphogenesis and Compartmentalization of the Intestinal Crypt. Dev Cell 2018; 45:183-197.e5. [PMID: 29689194 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The adult mammalian intestine is composed of two connected structures, the absorptive villi and the crypts, which house progenitor cells. Mouse crypts develop postnatally and are the architectural unit of the stem cell niche, yet the pathways that drive their formation are not known. Here, we combine transcriptomic, quantitative morphometric, and genetic analyses to identify mechanisms of crypt development. We uncover the upregulation of a contractility gene network at the earliest stage of crypt formation, which drives myosin II-dependent apical constriction and invagination of the crypt progenitor cells. Subsequently, hinges form, compartmentalizing crypts from villi. Hinges contain basally constricted cells, and this cell shape change was inhibited by increased hemidesmosomal adhesion in Rac1 null mice. Loss of hinges resulted in reduced villar spacing, revealing an unexpected role for crypts in tissue architecture and physiology. These studies provide a framework for studying crypt morphogenesis and identify essential regulators of niche formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaelyn D Sumigray
- Departments of Dermatology and Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, 310 Nanaline Duke Building, Box 3709, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Michael Terwilliger
- Departments of Dermatology and Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, 310 Nanaline Duke Building, Box 3709, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Terry Lechler
- Departments of Dermatology and Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, 310 Nanaline Duke Building, Box 3709, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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40
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Myosin IIA interacts with the spectrin-actin membrane skeleton to control red blood cell membrane curvature and deformability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E4377-E4385. [PMID: 29610350 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1718285115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The biconcave disk shape and deformability of mammalian RBCs rely on the membrane skeleton, a viscoelastic network of short, membrane-associated actin filaments (F-actin) cross-linked by long, flexible spectrin tetramers. Nonmuscle myosin II (NMII) motors exert force on diverse F-actin networks to control cell shapes, but a function for NMII contractility in the 2D spectrin-F-actin network of RBCs has not been tested. Here, we show that RBCs contain membrane skeleton-associated NMIIA puncta, identified as bipolar filaments by superresolution fluorescence microscopy. MgATP disrupts NMIIA association with the membrane skeleton, consistent with NMIIA motor domains binding to membrane skeleton F-actin and contributing to membrane mechanical properties. In addition, the phosphorylation of the RBC NMIIA heavy and light chains in vivo indicates active regulation of NMIIA motor activity and filament assembly, while reduced heavy chain phosphorylation of membrane skeleton-associated NMIIA indicates assembly of stable filaments at the membrane. Treatment of RBCs with blebbistatin, an inhibitor of NMII motor activity, decreases the number of NMIIA filaments associated with the membrane and enhances local, nanoscale membrane oscillations, suggesting decreased membrane tension. Blebbistatin-treated RBCs also exhibit elongated shapes, loss of membrane curvature, and enhanced deformability, indicating a role for NMIIA contractility in promoting membrane stiffness and maintaining RBC biconcave disk cell shape. As structures similar to the RBC membrane skeleton exist in many metazoan cell types, these data demonstrate a general function for NMII in controlling specialized membrane morphology and mechanical properties through contractile interactions with short F-actin in spectrin-F-actin networks.
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41
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Li YR, Yang WX. Myosins as fundamental components during tumorigenesis: diverse and indispensable. Oncotarget 2018; 7:46785-46812. [PMID: 27121062 PMCID: PMC5216836 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin is a kind of actin-based motor protein. As the crucial functions of myosin during tumorigenesis have become increasingly apparent, the profile of myosin in the field of cancer research has also been growing. Eighteen distinct classes of myosins have been discovered in the past twenty years and constitute a diverse superfamily. Various myosins share similar structures. They all convert energy from ATP hydrolysis to exert mechanical stress upon interactions with microfilaments. Ongoing research is increasingly suggesting that at least seven kinds of myosins participate in the formation and development of cancer. Myosins play essential roles in cytokinesis failure, chromosomal and centrosomal amplification, multipolar spindle formation and DNA microsatellite instability. These are all prerequisites of tumor formation. Subsequently, myosins activate various processes of tumor invasion and metastasis development including cell migration, adhesion, protrusion formation, loss of cell polarity and suppression of apoptosis. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the roles of myosins during tumorigenesis and discuss the factors and mechanisms which may regulate myosins in tumor progression. Furthermore, we put forward a completely new concept of “chromomyosin” to demonstrate the pivotal functions of myosins during karyokinesis and how this acts to optimize the functions of the members of the myosin superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ruide Li
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Xi Yang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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42
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Buxboim A, Irianto J, Swift J, Athirasala A, Shin JW, Rehfeldt F, Discher DE. Coordinated increase of nuclear tension and lamin-A with matrix stiffness outcompetes lamin-B receptor that favors soft tissue phenotypes. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:3333-3348. [PMID: 28931598 PMCID: PMC5687034 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-06-0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix stiffness that is sensed by a cell or measured by a purely physical probe reflects the intrinsic elasticity of the matrix and also how thick or thin the matrix is. Here, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their nuclei spread in response to thickness-corrected matrix microelasticity, with increases in nuclear tension and nuclear stiffness resulting from increases in myosin-II and lamin-A,C. Linearity between the widely varying projected area of a cell and its nucleus across many matrices, timescales, and myosin-II activity levels indicates a constant ratio of nucleus-to-cell volume, despite MSCs' lineage plasticity. Nuclear envelope fluctuations are suppressed on the stiffest matrices, and fluctuation spectra reveal a high nuclear tension that matches trends from traction force microscopy and from increased lamin-A,C. Transcriptomes of many diverse tissues and MSCs further show that lamin-A,C's increase with tissue or matrix stiffness anti-correlates with lamin-B receptor (LBR), which contributes to lipid/sterol biosynthesis. Adipogenesis (a soft lineage) indeed increases LBR:lamin-A,C protein stoichiometry in MSCs versus osteogenesis (stiff). The two factors compete for lamin-B in response to matrix elasticity, knockdown, myosin-II inhibition, and even constricted migration that disrupts and segregates lamins in situ. Matrix stiffness-driven contractility thus tenses the nucleus to favor lamin-A,C accumulation and suppress soft tissue phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnon Buxboim
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department/Graduate Group of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jerome Irianto
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Joe Swift
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Avathamsa Athirasala
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jae-Won Shin
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Florian Rehfeldt
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Dennis E Discher
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department/Graduate Group of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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43
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Ridge LA, Mitchell K, Al-Anbaki A, Shaikh Qureshi WM, Stephen LA, Tenin G, Lu Y, Lupu IE, Clowes C, Robertson A, Barnes E, Wright JA, Keavney B, Ehler E, Lovell SC, Kadler KE, Hentges KE. Non-muscle myosin IIB (Myh10) is required for epicardial function and coronary vessel formation during mammalian development. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1007068. [PMID: 29084269 PMCID: PMC5697871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronary vasculature is an essential vessel network providing the blood supply to the heart. Disruptions in coronary blood flow contribute to cardiac disease, a major cause of premature death worldwide. The generation of treatments for cardiovascular disease will be aided by a deeper understanding of the developmental processes that underpin coronary vessel formation. From an ENU mutagenesis screen, we have isolated a mouse mutant displaying embryonic hydrocephalus and cardiac defects (EHC). Positional cloning and candidate gene analysis revealed that the EHC phenotype results from a point mutation in a splice donor site of the Myh10 gene, which encodes NMHC IIB. Complementation testing confirmed that the Myh10 mutation causes the EHC phenotype. Characterisation of the EHC cardiac defects revealed abnormalities in myocardial development, consistent with observations from previously generated NMHC IIB null mouse lines. Analysis of the EHC mutant hearts also identified defects in the formation of the coronary vasculature. We attribute the coronary vessel abnormalities to defective epicardial cell function, as the EHC epicardium displays an abnormal cell morphology, reduced capacity to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and impaired migration of epicardial-derived cells (EPDCs) into the myocardium. Our studies on the EHC mutant demonstrate a requirement for NMHC IIB in epicardial function and coronary vessel formation, highlighting the importance of this protein in cardiac development and ultimately, embryonic survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam A. Ridge
- Division of Evolution and Genome Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Mitchell
- Division of Evolution and Genome Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Al-Anbaki
- Division of Evolution and Genome Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Wasay Mohiuddin Shaikh Qureshi
- Division of Evolution and Genome Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Louise A. Stephen
- Division of Evolution and Genome Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gennadiy Tenin
- Division of Evolution and Genome Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Yinhui Lu
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Irina-Elena Lupu
- Division of Evolution and Genome Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Clowes
- Division of Evolution and Genome Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail Robertson
- Division of Evolution and Genome Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Barnes
- Syngenta Ltd, Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, United Kingdom
| | - Jayne A. Wright
- Syngenta Ltd, Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard Keavney
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Heart Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabeth Ehler
- The Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics and the Cardiovascular Division, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon C. Lovell
- Division of Evolution and Genome Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Karl E. Kadler
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn E. Hentges
- Division of Evolution and Genome Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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44
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Abstract
SUMMARYCell division-cytokinesis-involves large-scale rearrangements of the entire cell. Primarily driven by cytoskeletal proteins, cytokinesis also depends on topological rearrangements of the plasma membrane, which are coordinated with nuclear division in both space and time. Despite the fundamental nature of the process, different types of eukaryotic cells show variations in both the structural mechanisms of cytokinesis and the regulatory controls. In animal cells and fungi, a contractile actomyosin-based structure plays a central, albeit flexible, role. Here, the underlying molecular mechanisms are summarized and integrated and common themes are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Glotzer
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
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45
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Zhu Z, Peng L, Chen G, Jiang W, Shen Z, Du C, Zang R, Su Y, Xie H, Li H, Xia Y, Tang W. Mutations of MYH14 are associated to anorectal malformations with recto-perineal fistulas in a small subset of Chinese population. Clin Genet 2017; 92:503-509. [PMID: 28191911 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorectal malformations (ARMs) are among the most commonly congenital abnormalities of distal hindgut development, ranging from anal stenosis to anal atresia with or without fistulas and persistent cloaca. The etiology remains elusive for most ARM cases and the majority of genetic studies on ARMs were based on a candidate gene approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS In all eight family members of a non-consanguineous Chinese family, we performed whole-exome sequencing. Subsequently, exome sequencing of MYH14 in 72 unrelated probands with ARMs was performed. The accurate distribution of non-muscle myosin II heavy chain (NMHC II) was investigated by immunohistochemistry in serial sagittal sections of E11.5-13.5 mouse cloacal regions. RESULTS A homozygous mutation in MYH14 was identified in the two siblings of family 1. Compound heterozygous MYH14 changes were identified in an unrelated individual. Immunohistochemical analysis suggest stronger NMHC IIC localization in the epithelium of the murine embryonic cloaca, urorectal septum and hindgut compared with another two NMHC II isoforms. CONCLUSION This is the first identification of mutations in MYH14 as a cause of ARMs. The stronger localization of NMHC IIC in E11.5-13.5 mouse cloacal regions further supports the role of MYH14 in anorectal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guanglin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziyang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunxia Du
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rujin Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology (Nanjing Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology (Nanjing Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Weibing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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46
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Ma X, Sung DC, Yang Y, Wakabayashi Y, Adelstein RS. Nonmuscle myosin IIB regulates epicardial integrity and epicardium-derived mesenchymal cell maturation. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:2696-2706. [PMID: 28687623 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.202564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonmuscle myosin IIB (NMIIB; heavy chain encoded by MYH10) is essential for cardiac myocyte cytokinesis. The role of NMIIB in other cardiac cells is not known. Here, we show that NMIIB is required in epicardial formation and functions to support myocardial proliferation and coronary vessel development. Ablation of NMIIB in epicardial cells results in disruption of epicardial integrity with a loss of E-cadherin at cell-cell junctions and a focal detachment of epicardial cells from the myocardium. NMIIB-knockout and blebbistatin-treated epicardial explants demonstrate impaired mesenchymal cell maturation during epicardial epithelial-mesenchymal transition. This is manifested by an impaired invasion of collagen gels by the epicardium-derived mesenchymal cells and the reorganization of the cytoskeletal structure. Although there is a marked decrease in the expression of mesenchymal genes, there is no change in Snail (also known as Snai1) or E-cadherin expression. Studies from epicardium-specific NMIIB-knockout mice confirm the importance of NMIIB for epicardial integrity and epicardial functions in promoting cardiac myocyte proliferation and coronary vessel formation during heart development. Our findings provide a novel mechanism linking epicardial formation and epicardial function to the activity of the cytoplasmic motor protein NMIIB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1762, USA
| | - Derek C Sung
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1762, USA
| | - Yanqin Yang
- DNA Sequencing and Genomics Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1762, USA
| | - Yoshi Wakabayashi
- DNA Sequencing and Genomics Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1762, USA
| | - Robert S Adelstein
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1762, USA
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47
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Haque F, Kaku Y, Fujimura S, Ohmori T, Adelstein RS, Nishinakamura R. Non-muscle myosin II deletion in the developing kidney causes ureter-bladder misconnection and apical extrusion of the nephric duct lineage epithelia. Dev Biol 2017; 427:121-130. [PMID: 28478097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In kidney development, connection of the nephric duct (ND) to the cloaca and subsequent sprouting of the ureteric bud (UB) from the ND are important for urinary exit tract formation. Although the roles of Ret signaling are well established, it remains unclear how intracellular cytoskeletal proteins regulate these morphogenetic processes. Myh9 and Myh10 encode two different non-muscle myosin II heavy chains, and Myh9 mutations in humans are implicated in congenital kidney diseases. Here we report that ND/UB lineage-specific deletion of Myh9/Myh10 in mice caused severe hydroureter/hydronephrosis at birth. At mid-gestation, the mutant ND/UB epithelia exhibited aberrant basal protrusion and ectopic UB formation, which likely led to misconnection of the ureter to the bladder. In addition, the mutant epithelia exhibited apical extrusion followed by massive apoptosis in the lumen, which could be explained by reduced apical constriction and intercellular adhesion mediated by E-cadherin. These phenotypes were not ameliorated by genetic reduction of the tyrosine kinase receptor Ret. In contrast, ERK was activated in the mutant cells and its chemical inhibition partially ameliorated the phenotypes. Thus, myosin II is essential for maintaining the apicobasal integrity of the developing kidney epithelia independently of Ret signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahim Haque
- Department of Kidney Development, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kaku
- Department of Kidney Development, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Sayoko Fujimura
- Liaison Laboratory Research Promotion Center, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ohmori
- Department of Kidney Development, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Robert S Adelstein
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ryuichi Nishinakamura
- Department of Kidney Development, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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48
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Yagi H, Takabayashi T, Xie MJ, Kuroda K, Sato M. Subcellular distribution of non-muscle myosin IIb is controlled by FILIP through Hsc70. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172257. [PMID: 28234934 PMCID: PMC5325215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuronal spine is a small, actin-rich dendritic or somatic protrusion that serves as the postsynaptic compartment of the excitatory synapse. The morphology of the spine reflects the activity of the synapse and is regulated by the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton inside, which is controlled by actin binding proteins such as non-muscle myosin. Previously, we demonstrated that the subcellular localization and function of myosin IIb are regulated by its binding partner, filamin-A interacting protein (FILIP). However, how the subcellular distribution of myosin IIb is controlled by FILIP is not yet known. The objective of this study was to identify potential binding partners of FILIP that contribute to its regulation of non-muscle myosin IIb. Pull-down assays detected a 70-kDa protein that was identified by mass spectrometry to be the chaperone protein Hsc70. The binding of Hsc70 to FILIP was controlled by the adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity of Hsc70. Further, FILIP bound to Hsc70 via a domain that was not required for binding non-muscle myosin IIb. Inhibition of ATPase activity of Hsc70 impaired the effect of FILIP on the subcellular distribution of non-muscle myosin IIb. Further, in primary cultured neurons, an inhibitor of Hsc70 impeded the morphological change in spines induced by FILIP. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Hsc70 interacts with FILIP to mediate its effects on non-muscle myosin IIb and to regulate spine morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideshi Yagi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan.,Division of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Department of Morphological and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Takabayashi
- Division of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Department of Morphological and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Min-Jue Xie
- Division of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Department of Morphological and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.,Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kuroda
- Division of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Department of Morphological and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Makoto Sato
- Division of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Department of Morphological and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.,Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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49
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Loss of Myh14 Increases Susceptibility to Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in CBA/CaJ Mice. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:6720420. [PMID: 28101381 PMCID: PMC5215640 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6720420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
MYH14 is a member of the myosin family, which has been implicated in many motile processes such as ion-channel gating, organelle translocation, and the cytoskeleton rearrangement. Mutations in MYH14 lead to a DFNA4-type hearing impairment. Further evidence also shows that MYH14 is a candidate noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) susceptible gene. However, the specific roles of MYH14 in auditory function and NIHL are not fully understood. In the present study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to establish a Myh14 knockout mice line in CBA/CaJ background (now referred to as Myh14−/− mice) and clarify the role of MYH14 in the cochlea and NIHL. We found that Myh14−/− mice did not exhibit significant hearing loss until five months of age. In addition, Myh14−/− mice were more vulnerable to high intensity noise compared to control mice. More significant outer hair cell loss was observed in Myh14−/− mice than in wild type controls after acoustic trauma. Our findings suggest that Myh14 may play a beneficial role in the protection of the cochlea after acoustic overstimulation in CBA/CaJ mice.
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50
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Bondzie PA, Chen HA, Cao MZ, Tomolonis JA, He F, Pollak MR, Henderson JM. Non-muscle myosin-IIA is critical for podocyte f-actin organization, contractility, and attenuation of cell motility. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2016; 73:377-95. [PMID: 27232264 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several glomerular pathologies resulting from podocyte injury are linked to genetic variation involving the MYH9 gene, which encodes the heavy chain of non-muscle myosin-IIA (NM-IIA). However, the functional role of NM-IIA has not been studied extensively in podocytes. We hypothesized that NM-IIA is critical for maintenance of podocyte structure and mechanical function. To test this hypothesis, we studied murine podocytes in vitro subjected to blebbistatin inhibition of NM-II activity, or RNA interference-mediated, isoform-specific ablation of Myh9 gene and protein (NM-IIA) or its paralog Myh10 gene and protein (NM-IIB). Using quantitative immunofluorescence microscopy, traction force microscopy, and attachment and "wound healing" assays, we found that NM-IIA ablation altered podocyte actin cytoskeletal structure and focal adhesion distribution, decreased cell attachment and contractility, and increased cell motility. Blebbistatin treatment had similar effects. NM-IIB ablation produced cells that exhibited poor attachment, but cytoskeletal structural organization, contractility and motility were maintained. These findings indicate that NM-IIA is essential for maintenance of podocyte cytoskeletal structure and mechanical function in vitro, and NM-IIB does not replace it in this role when NM-IIA expression is altered. We conclude that critical podocyte functions may be affected by MYH9 mutations or disease-associated haplotypes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Bondzie
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hui A Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mei Zhen Cao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julie A Tomolonis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fangfang He
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Martin R Pollak
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joel M Henderson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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