1
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Giarratana AO, Prendergast CM, Salvatore MM, Capaccione KM. TGF-β signaling: critical nexus of fibrogenesis and cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:594. [PMID: 38926762 PMCID: PMC11201862 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05411-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway is a vital regulator of cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix production. It functions through canonical SMAD-mediated processes and noncanonical pathways involving MAPK cascades, PI3K/AKT, Rho-like GTPases, and NF-κB signaling. This intricate signaling system is finely tuned by interactions between canonical and noncanonical pathways and plays key roles in both physiologic and pathologic conditions including tissue homeostasis, fibrosis, and cancer progression. TGF-β signaling is known to have paradoxical actions. Under normal physiologic conditions, TGF-β signaling promotes cell quiescence and apoptosis, acting as a tumor suppressor. In contrast, in pathological states such as inflammation and cancer, it triggers processes that facilitate cancer progression and tissue remodeling, thus promoting tumor development and fibrosis. Here, we detail the role that TGF-β plays in cancer and fibrosis and highlight the potential for future theranostics targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna O Giarratana
- Northwell Health - Peconic Bay Medical Center, 1 Heroes Way, Riverhead, NY, 11901, USA.
| | | | - Mary M Salvatore
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 11032, USA
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2
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Tsai HE, Chen CL, Chang TT, Fu CW, Chen WC, Perez SJLP, Hsiao PW, Tai MH, Li WS. Development of a Novel, Potent, and Selective Sialyltransferase Inhibitor for Suppressing Cancer Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4283. [PMID: 38673867 PMCID: PMC11050067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sialyltransferase-catalyzed membrane protein and lipid glycosylation plays a vital role as one of the most abundant post-translational modifications and diversification reactions in eukaryotes. However, aberrant sialylation has been associated with cancer malignancy and metastasis. Sialyltransferases thus represent emerging targets for the development of small molecule cancer drugs. Herein, we report the inhibitory effects of a recently discovered lithocholic acid derivative FCW393 on sialyltransferase catalytic activity, integrin sialyation, cancer-associated signal transduction, MDA-MB-231 and B16F10 cell migration and invasion, and in in vivo studies, on tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis. FCW393 showed effective and selective inhibition of the sialyltransferases ST6GAL1 (IC50 = 7.8 μM) and ST3GAL3 (IC50 = 9.45 μM) relative to ST3GAL1 (IC50 > 400 μM) and ST8SIA4 (IC50 > 100 μM). FCW393 reduced integrin sialylation in breast cancer and melanoma cells dose-dependently and downregulated proteins associated with the integrin-regulated FAK/paxillin and GEF/Rho/ROCK pathways, and with the VEGF-regulated Akt/NFκB/HIF-1α pathway. FCW393 inhibited cell migration (IC50 = 2.6 μM) and invasion in in vitro experiments, and in in vivo studies of tumor-bearing mice, FCW393 reduced tumor size, angiogenesis, and metastatic potential. Based on its demonstrated selectivity, cell permeability, relatively low cytotoxicity (IC50 = 55 μM), and high efficacy, FCW393 shows promising potential as a small molecule experimental tool compound and a lead for further development of a novel cancer therapeutic.
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Grants
- AS-KPQ-110-EIMD, AS-KPQ-109-BioMed, AS-KPQ-110-BioMed and AS-KPQ-111-KNT Academia Sinica
- MOST, Taiwan, MOST 110-0210-01-22-02, MOST-108-3114-Y-001-002, MOST 108-3111-Y-001-056, MOST 106-2113-M-001-011, MOST 103-2325-B-001-001 and MOST108-2314-B-110-003-MY2 Ministry of Science and Technology, TAIWAN
- 108-36 Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, TAIWAN
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-En Tsai
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan (C.-W.F.); (S.J.L.P.P.)
| | - Chia-Ling Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan (C.-W.F.); (S.J.L.P.P.)
| | - Tzu-Ting Chang
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Fu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan (C.-W.F.); (S.J.L.P.P.)
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chia Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan (C.-W.F.); (S.J.L.P.P.)
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ser John Lynon P. Perez
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan (C.-W.F.); (S.J.L.P.P.)
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Hsiao
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hong Tai
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Center for Neuroscience, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shan Li
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan (C.-W.F.); (S.J.L.P.P.)
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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3
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Basak M, Narisepalli S, Salunkhe SA, Tiwari S, Chitkara D, Mittal A. Macrophage derived Exosomal Docetaxel (Exo-DTX) for pro-metastasis suppression: QbD driven formulation development, validation, in-vitro and pharmacokinetic investigation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 195:114175. [PMID: 38185191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes, biogenic nano-vesicles, are renowned for their ability to encapsulate diverse payloads, however the systematic development and validation of exosomal formulation with significant biological implications have been overlooked. Herein, we developed and validated Exo-DTX, a QbD-driven optimized RAW 264.7 cell derived exosomal anti-cancer formulation of docetaxel (DTX) and evaluate its anti-metastatic and apoptotic efficacy in TNBC 4T1 cells. RAW264.7-derived exosomes were having particle size (112.5 ± 21.48 nm) and zeta-potential (-10.268 ± 3.66 mV) with polydispersity (PDI:0.256 ± 0.03). The statistical optimization of exosomes (200 μg) with Exo: DTX ratio 4:1 confirmed encapsulation of 23.60 ± 1.54 ng DTX/ µg exosomes. Exo-DTX (∼189 nm, -11.03 mV) with 100 ng/ml DTX as payload exhibited ∼5 folds' improvement in IC50 of DTX and distinct cytoskeletal deformation in TNBC 4T1 cells. It also has shown enormous Filamentous actin (F-actin) degradation and triggered apoptosis explained Exo-DTX's effective anti-migratory impact with just 2.6 ± 6.33 % wound closure and 4.56 ± 1.38 % invasion. The western blot confirmed that Exo-DTX downregulated migratory protein EGFR and β1-integrin but raised cleaved caspase 3/caspase 3 (CC3/C3) ratio and BAX/BCL-2 ratio by about 2.70 and 4.04 folds respectively. The naive RAW 264.7 exosomes also contributed positively towards the effect of Exo-DTX formulation by suppressing β1-integrin expression and increasing the CC3/C3 ratio in TNBC 4T1 cells as well. Additionally, significant improvement in PK parameters of Exo-DTX was observed in comparison to Taxotere, 6-folds and 3.04-folds improved t1/2 and Vd, proving the translational value of Exo-DTX formulation. Thus, the Exo-DTX so formulated proved beneficial in controlling the aggressiveness of TNBC wherein, naive exosomes also demonstrated beneficial synergistic anti-proliferative effect in 4T1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Basak
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Saibhargav Narisepalli
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Shubham A Salunkhe
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Swasti Tiwari
- Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology Division, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India
| | - Deepak Chitkara
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Anupama Mittal
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India.
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Al-Zeheimi N, Gao Y, Greer PA, Adham SA. Neuropilin-1 Knockout and Rescue Confirms Its Role to Promote Metastasis in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097792. [PMID: 37175499 PMCID: PMC10178772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) metastasis remains a leading cause of female mortality. Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) is a glycoprotein receptor that plays ligand-dependent roles in BC. Clinical studies indicate its correlation with metastatic disease; however, its functional role in BC metastasis remains uncertain. CRISPR-Cas9 was used to knockout the NRP-1 gene in MDA-MB-231 BC cells, and the effects on metastasis were determined using an orthotopic mouse engraftment model. NRP-1 expression in knockout cells was rescued using a recombinant cDNA with a silent mutation in the sgRNA target-adjacent PAM sequence. Differentially expressed genes between NRP-1 knockout and control cells were determined using whole-transcriptome sequencing and validated using real-time PCR. NRP-1KO cells showed a pronounced reduction in the metastasis to the lungs. KEGG pathway analysis of the transcriptome data revealed that PI3K and ECM receptor interactions were among the top altered pathways in the NRP-1KO cells. In addition, reduction in metastasis enhancers proteins, Integrin-β3 and Tenascin-C, and genes CCL20 and FN1 and upregulation of metastasis suppressor genes, ACVRL and GPX3 in NRP-1KO were detected. These findings provide evidence for a functional role for NRP-1 in BC metastasis, supporting further exploration of NRP-1 and the identified genes as targets in treating metastatic BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Al-Zeheimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Peter A Greer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Sirin A Adham
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
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5
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Lima LTFD, Ganzella FADO, Cardoso GC, Pires VDS, Chequin A, Santos GL, Braun-Prado K, Galindo CM, Braz Junior O, Molento MB, Acco A, Adami ER, Costa ET, Cavichiolo Franco CR, Klassen G, Ramos EADS. l-carvone decreases breast cancer cells adhesion, migration, and invasion by suppressing FAK activation. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 378:110480. [PMID: 37059214 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in the world and current therapeutic strategies present severe drawbacks. l-carvone (CRV), a monoterpene found in Mentha spicata (spearmint), has been reported to have potent anti-inflammatory activity. Here, we examined the role of CRV in breast cancer cell adhesion, migration and invasion in vitro and how this component could suppress the growth of Ehrlich carcinoma-bearing mice. In vivo, treatment with CRV significantly decreased tumor growth, increased tumor necrosis area, and reduced the expression of VEGF and HIF-1α in Ehrlich carcinoma-bearing mice. Furthermore, the anticancer efficacy of CRV was similar to currently used chemotherapy (Methotrexate), and the combination of CRV with MTX potentiated the chemotherapy effects. Further mechanistic investigation in vitro revealed that CRV modulates the interaction of breast cancer cells with the extracellular matrix (ECM) by disrupting focal adhesion, which was shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and immunofluorescence. Moreover, CRV caused a decrease in β1-integrin expression and inhibited focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation. FAK is one of the most important downstream activators of several metastatic processes, including MMP-2 mediated invasion and HIF-1α/VEGF angiogenesis stimulus, both of which were found to be reduced in MDA-MB-231 cells exposed to CRV. Our results provide new insight about targeting β1-integrin/FAK signaling pathway with CRV, which could be a new potential agent in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Trevisan França de Lima
- Pos-graduate Program of Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Casani Cardoso
- Pos-graduate Program of Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Verônica Dos Santos Pires
- Pos-graduate Program of Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Andressa Chequin
- Pos-graduate Program of Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Giulia Luiza Santos
- Molecular Oncology Center, Research and Education Institute, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Karin Braun-Prado
- Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Odair Braz Junior
- Pos-graduate Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Beltrão Molento
- Pos-graduate Program of Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Acco
- Pos-graduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Eliana Rezende Adami
- Pos-graduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Erico Tosoni Costa
- Molecular Oncology Center, Research and Education Institute, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Giseli Klassen
- Pos-graduate Program of Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Edneia Amancio de Souza Ramos
- Pos-graduate Program of Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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6
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Wei X, Yang M. Cell- and subcellular organelle-targeting nanoparticle-mediated breast cancer therapy. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1180794. [PMID: 37089933 PMCID: PMC10117787 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1180794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent malignant tumor, surpassing lung cancer as the most frequent malignancy in women. Drug resistance, metastasis, and immune escape are the major factors affecting patient survival and represent a huge challenge in BC treatment in clinic. The cell- and subcellular organelle-targeting nanoparticles-mediated targeted BC therapy may be an effective modality for immune evasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Nanocarriers, efficiently delivering small molecules and macromolecules, are used to target subcellular apparatuses with excellent targeting, controlled delivery, and fewer side effects. This study summarizes and critically analyzes the latest organic nanoparticle-mediated subcellular targeted therapeutic based on chemotherapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, and combination therapy in detail, and discusses the challenges and opportunities of nanoparticle therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wei
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Yang,
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Peng Z, Hao M, Tong H, Yang H, Huang B, Zhang Z, Luo KQ. The interactions between integrin α 5β 1 of liver cancer cells and fibronectin of fibroblasts promote tumor growth and angiogenesis. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:5019-5037. [PMID: 35982891 PMCID: PMC9379399 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.72367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression is closely related to pathological fibrosis, which involves heterotypic intercellular interactions (HIIs) between liver cancer cells and fibroblasts. Here, we studied them in a direct coculture model, and identified fibronectin from fibroblasts and integrin-α5β1 from liver cancer cells as the primary responsible molecules utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology. Coculture led to the formation of 3D multilayer microstructures, and obvious fibronectin remodeling was caused by upregulated integrin-α5β1, which greatly promoted cell growth in 3D microstructures. Integrin-α5 was more sensitive and specific than integrin-β1 in this process. Subsequent mechanistic exploration revealed the activation of integrin-Src-FAK, AKT and ERK signaling pathways. Importantly, the growth-promoting effect of HIIs was verified in a xenograft tumor model, in which more blood vessels were observed in bigger tumors derived from the coculture group than that derived from monocultured groups. Hence, we conducted triculture by introducing human umbilical vein endothelial cells, which aligned to and differentiated along multilayer microstructures in an integrin-α5β1 dependent manner. Furthermore, fibronectin, integrin-α5, and integrin-β1 were upregulated in 52 HCC tumors, and fibronectin was related to microvascular invasion. Our findings identify fibronectin, integrin-α5, and integrin-β1 as tumor microenvironment-related targets and provide a basis for combination targeted therapeutic strategies for future HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Peng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Meng Hao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Haibo Tong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kathy Qian Luo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China.,Ministry of Education-Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
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8
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Li J, Peng L, Chen Q, Ye Z, Zhao T, Hou S, Gu J, Hang Q. Integrin β1 in Pancreatic Cancer: Expressions, Functions, and Clinical Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143377. [PMID: 35884437 PMCID: PMC9318555 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly aggressive malignant tumor with an extremely poor prognosis. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to improving the survival rate of PC patients. Emerging studies show that integrins might contribute to the pathogenesis of PC. This review presents the various signaling pathways that are mediated by integrins in PC and emphasizes the multiple functions of integrin β1 in malignant behaviors of PC. It also discusses the clinical significance of integrin β1 as well as integrin β1-based therapy in PC patients. Abstract Pancreatic cancer (PC) is characterized by rapid progression and a high mortality rate. The current treatment is still based on surgical treatment, supplemented by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and new methods of combining immune and molecular biological treatments are being explored. Despite this, the survival rate of PC patients is still very disappointing. Therefore, clarifying the molecular mechanism of PC pathogenesis and developing precisely targeted drugs are key to improving PC prognosis. As the most common β subunit of the integrin family, integrin β1 has been proved to be closely related to the vascular invasion, distant metastasis, and survival of PC patients, and treatment targeting integrin β1 in PC has gained initial success in animal models. In this review, we summarize the various signaling pathways by which integrins are involved in PC, focusing on the roles of integrin β1 in the malignant behaviors of PC. Additionally, recent studies regarding the feasibility of integrin β1 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in PC are also discussed. Finally, we present the progress of several integrin β1-based clinical trials to highlight the potential of integrin β1 as a target for personalized therapy in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Liyao Peng
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210000, China;
| | - Qun Chen
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China;
| | - Ziping Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China;
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China;
| | - Sicong Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.L.); (S.H.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China;
| | - Jianguo Gu
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 81-8558, Japan
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (Q.H.); Tel.: +86-13-8145-8885 (Q.H.)
| | - Qinglei Hang
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 81-8558, Japan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (Q.H.); Tel.: +86-13-8145-8885 (Q.H.)
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9
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Närvä E, Taskinen ME, Lilla S, Isomursu A, Pietilä M, Weltner J, Isola J, Sihto H, Joensuu H, Zanivan S, Norman J, Ivaska J. MASTL is enriched in cancerous and pluripotent stem cells and influences OCT1/OCT4 levels. iScience 2022; 25:104459. [PMID: 35677646 PMCID: PMC9167974 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
MASTL is a mitotic accelerator with an emerging role in breast cancer progression. However, the mechanisms behind its oncogenicity remain largely unknown. Here, we identify a previously unknown role and eminent expression of MASTL in stem cells. MASTL staining from a large breast cancer patient cohort indicated a significant association with β3 integrin, an established mediator of breast cancer stemness. MASTL silencing reduced OCT4 levels in human pluripotent stem cells and OCT1 in breast cancer cells. Analysis of the cell-surface proteome indicated a strong link between MASTL and the regulation of TGF-β receptor II (TGFBR2), a key modulator of TGF-β signaling. Overexpression of wild-type and kinase-dead MASTL in normal mammary epithelial cells elevated TGFBR2 levels. Conversely, MASTL depletion in breast cancer cells attenuated TGFBR2 levels and downstream signaling through SMAD3 and AKT pathways. Taken together, these results indicate that MASTL supports stemness regulators in pluripotent and cancerous stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Närvä
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Maria E. Taskinen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Aleksi Isomursu
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Pietilä
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jere Weltner
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma Isola
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Harri Sihto
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Joensuu
- University of Helsinki and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara Zanivan
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Jim Norman
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Western Finnish Cancer Center (FICAN West), University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Foundation for the Finnish Cancer Institute, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki, Finland
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10
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Gahmberg CG, Grönholm M, Madhavan S. Regulation of Dynamic Cell Adhesion by Integrin-Integrin Crosstalk. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101685. [PMID: 35626722 PMCID: PMC9140058 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cells express several integrins. The integrins are able to respond to various cellular functions and needs by modifying their own activation state, but in addition by their ability to regulate each other by activation or inhibition. This crosstalk or transdominant regulation is strictly controlled. The mechanisms resulting in integrin crosstalk are incompletely understood, but they often involve intracellular signalling routes also used by other cell surface receptors. Several studies show that the integrin cytoplasmic tails bind to a number of cytoskeletal and adaptor molecules in a regulated manner. Recent work has shown that phosphorylations of integrins and key intracellular molecules are of pivotal importance in integrin-cytoplasmic interactions, and these in turn affect integrin activity and crosstalk. The integrin β-chains play a central role in regulating crosstalk. In addition to Integrin-integrin crosstalk, crosstalk may also occur between integrins and related receptors, including other adhesion receptors, growth factor and SARS-CoV-2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl G. Gahmberg
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9 C, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (M.G.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-50-539-9439
| | - Mikaela Grönholm
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9 C, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (M.G.); (S.M.)
- Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9 C, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sudarrshan Madhavan
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9 C, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (M.G.); (S.M.)
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11
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Ruan Y, Chen L, Xie D, Luo T, Xu Y, Ye T, Chen X, Feng X, Wu X. Mechanisms of Cell Adhesion Molecules in Endocrine-Related Cancers: A Concise Outlook. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:865436. [PMID: 35464064 PMCID: PMC9021432 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.865436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is a critical treatment for endocrine-related cancers; however, chemoresistance and disease recurrence remain a challenge. The interplay between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment via cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) promotes drug resistance, known as cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR). CAMs are cell surface molecules that facilitate cell-to-cell or cell-to-extracellular matrix binding. CAMs exert an adhesion effect and trigger intracellular signaling that regulates cancer cell stemness maintenance, survival, proliferation, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and drug resistance. To understand these mechanisms, this review focuses on the role of CD44, cadherins, selectins, and integrins in CAM-DR in endocrine-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Ruan
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yongsheng Ruan, ; Xuedong Wu,
| | - Libai Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danfeng Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqi Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Baoan Hospital of Shenzhen, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaona Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuedong Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yongsheng Ruan, ; Xuedong Wu,
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12
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Biological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities in Mammographic Density and Breast Cancer Risk. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215391. [PMID: 34771552 PMCID: PMC8582527 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammographic density is an important risk factor for breast cancer; women with extremely dense breasts have a four to six fold increased risk of breast cancer compared to women with mostly fatty breasts, when matched with age and body mass index. High mammographic density is characterised by high proportions of stroma, containing fibroblasts, collagen and immune cells that suggest a pro-tumour inflammatory microenvironment. However, the biological mechanisms that drive increased mammographic density and the associated increased risk of breast cancer are not yet understood. Inflammatory factors such as monocyte chemotactic protein 1, peroxidase enzymes, transforming growth factor beta, and tumour necrosis factor alpha have been implicated in breast development as well as breast cancer risk, and also influence functions of stromal fibroblasts. Here, the current knowledge and understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms that lead to high mammographic density and the associated increased risk of breast cancer are reviewed, with particular consideration to potential immune factors that may contribute to this process.
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13
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Li M, Wang Y, Li M, Wu X, Setrerrahmane S, Xu H. Integrins as attractive targets for cancer therapeutics. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2726-2737. [PMID: 34589393 PMCID: PMC8463276 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane receptors that have been implicated in the biology of various human physiological and pathological processes. These molecules facilitate cell–extracellular matrix and cell–cell interactions, and they have been implicated in fibrosis, inflammation, thrombosis, and tumor metastasis. The role of integrins in tumor progression makes them promising targets for cancer treatment, and certain integrin antagonists, such as antibodies and synthetic peptides, have been effectively utilized in the clinic for cancer therapy. Here, we discuss the evidence and knowledge on the contribution of integrins to cancer biology. Furthermore, we summarize the clinical attempts targeting this family in anti-cancer therapy development.
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Key Words
- ADAMs, adisintegrin and metalloproteases
- AJ, adherens junctions
- Antagonists
- CAFs, cancer-associated fibroblasts
- CAR, chimeric antigen receptor
- CRC, colorectal cancer
- CSC, cancer stem cell
- Clinical trial
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- EMT, epithelial–mesenchymal transition
- ERK, extracellular regulated kinase
- Extracellular matrix
- FAK, focal adhesion kinase
- FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α
- HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells
- ICAMs, intercellular adhesion molecules
- IGFR, insulin-like growth factor receptor
- IMD, integrin-mediated death
- Integrins
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase 16
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MMP2, matrix metalloprotease 2
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- PDGFR, platelet-derived growth factor receptor
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- RGD, Arg-Gly-Asp
- RTKs, receptor tyrosine kinases
- SAPKs, stress-activated MAP kinases
- SDF-1, stromal cell-derived factor-1
- SH2, Src homology 2
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas
- TICs, tumor initiating cells
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- Targeted drug
- Tumor progression
- VCAMs, vascular cell adhesion molecules
- VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor
- mAb, monoclonal antibodies
- sdCAR-T, switchable dual-receptor CAR-engineered T
- siRNA, small interference RNA
- uPA, urokinase-type plasminogen activator
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14
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Picoli CC, Gonçalves BÔP, Santos GSP, Rocha BGS, Costa AC, Resende RR, Birbrair A. Pericytes cross-talks within the tumor microenvironment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188608. [PMID: 34384850 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells are embedded within the tumor microenvironment and interact dynamically with its components during tumor progression. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which the tumor microenvironment components communicate is crucial for the success of therapeutic applications. Recent studies show, by using state-of-the-art technologies, including sophisticated in vivo inducible Cre/loxP mediated systems and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, that pericytes communicate with cancer cells. The arising knowledge on cross-talks within the tumor microenvironment will be essential for the development of new therapies against cancer. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of pericytes roles within tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline C Picoli
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bryan Ô P Gonçalves
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gabryella S P Santos
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Beatriz G S Rocha
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alinne C Costa
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R Resende
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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15
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Ghazi A, Le Corre D, Pilati C, Taieb J, Aparicio T, Didelot A, Dedhar S, Mulot C, Le Malicot K, Djouadi F, de Reynies A, Launay JM, Laurent-Puig P, Mouillet-Richard S. Prognostic value of the PrP C-ILK-IDO1 axis in the mesenchymal colorectal cancer subtype. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1940674. [PMID: 34249475 PMCID: PMC8244775 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1940674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The CMS4 mesenchymal subtype of colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with poor prognosis and resistance to treatment. The cellular prion protein PrPC is overexpressed in CMS4 tumors and controls the expression of a panel of CMS4-specific genes in CRC cell lines. Here, we sought to investigate PrPC downstream pathways that may underlie its role in CMS4 CRC. By combining gene set enrichment analyses and gain and loss of function approaches in CRC cell lines, we identify the integrin-linked kinase ILK as a proximal effector of PrPC that mediates its control on the CMS4 phenotype. We further leveraged three independent large CRC cohorts to assess correlations in gene expression pattern with patient outcomes and found that ILK is overexpressed in CMS4 mesenchymal tumors and confers a poor prognosis, especially when combined with high expression of the PrPC encoding gene PRNP. Of note, we discovered that the PrPC-ILK signaling axis controls the expression and activity of the tryptophan metabolizing enzyme indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase IDO1, a key player in immune tolerance. In addition, we monitored alterations in the levels of tryptophan and its metabolites of the kynurenine pathway in the plasma of metastatic CRC patients (n = 325) and we highlight their prognostic value in combination with plasma PrPC levels. Thus, the PrPC-ILK-IDO1 axis plays a key role in the mesenchymal subtype of CRC. PrPC and IDO1-targeted strategies may represent new avenues for patient stratification and treatment in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Ghazi
- Centre de Recherche Des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Le Corre
- Centre de Recherche Des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Camilla Pilati
- Centre de Recherche Des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Julien Taieb
- Centre de Recherche Des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Gastroenterology and GI Oncology, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Aparicio
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Didelot
- Centre de Recherche Des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Shoukat Dedhar
- Genetics Unit, Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Claire Mulot
- Centre de Recherche Des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Karine Le Malicot
- Fédération Francophone de Cancérologie Digestive, Epicad Inserm, Université de Bourgogne et and Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Fatima Djouadi
- Centre de Recherche Des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Aurélien de Reynies
- Programme carte d'identité des tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Launay
- AP-HP Service de Biochimie, INSERM U942 Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France.,Pharma Research Department, F. Hoffmann-La-Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Laurent-Puig
- Centre de Recherche Des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Biology, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Mouillet-Richard
- Centre de Recherche Des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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16
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Chadar R, Kesharwani P. Nanotechnology-based siRNA delivery strategies for treatment of triple negative breast cancer. Int J Pharm 2021; 605:120835. [PMID: 34197908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer characterized by absence of estrogen (ER) receptor, progesterone (PR) receptor, and human epidermal growth factor-2 (HER-2) receptor. TNBC is an aggressive disease that develops early Chemoresistance. The major pitfall associated is its poor prognosis, low overall survival, high relapse, and mortality as compared to other types of breast cancer. Chemotherapy could be helpful but do not contribute to an increase in survival of patient. To overcome such obstacles, in our article we explored advanced therapy using genes and nanocarrier along with its conjugation to achieve high therapeutic profile with reduced side effect. siRNAs are one of the class of RNA associated with gene silencing. They also regulate the expression of certain proteins that are involved in development of tumor cells. But they are highly unstable. So, for efficient delivery of siRNA, very intelligent, efficient delivery systems are required. Several nanotechnologies based non-viral vectors such as liposome, micelles, nanoparticles, dendrimers, exosomes, nanorods and nanobubbles etc. offers enormous unique properties such as nanometric size range, targeting potential with the capability to link with several targeting moieties for the gene delivery. These non-viral vectors are much safer, effective and efficient system for the delivery of genes along with chemotherapeutics. This review provides an overview of TNBC, conventional and advanced treatment approach of TNBC along with understanding of current status of several nanocarriers used for the delivery of siRNA for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Chadar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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17
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Moritz MN, Merkel AR, Feldman EG, Selistre-de-Araujo HS, Rhoades (Sterling) JA. Biphasic α2β1 Integrin Expression in Breast Cancer Metastasis to Bone. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6906. [PMID: 34199096 PMCID: PMC8269289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins participate in the pathogenesis and progression of tumors at many stages during the metastatic cascade. However, current evidence for the role of integrins in breast cancer progression is contradictory and seems to be dependent on tumor stage, differentiation status, and microenvironmental influences. While some studies suggest that loss of α2β1 enhances cancer metastasis, other studies suggest that this integrin is pro-tumorigenic. However, few studies have looked at α2β1 in the context of bone metastasis. In this study, we aimed to understand the role of α2β1 integrin in breast cancer metastasis to bone. To address this, we utilized in vivo models of breast cancer metastasis to bone using MDA-MB-231 cells transfected with an α2 expression plasmid (MDA-OEα2). MDA cells overexpressing the α2 integrin subunit had increased primary tumor growth and dissemination to bone but had no change in tumor establishment and bone destruction. Further in vitro analysis revealed that tumors in the bone have decreased α2β1 expression and increased osteolytic signaling compared to primary tumors. Taken together, these data suggest an inverse correlation between α2β1 expression and bone-metastatic potential. Inhibiting α2β1 expression may be beneficial to limit the expansion of primary tumors but could be harmful once tumors have established in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milene N.O. Moritz
- Program in Evolutionary Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil; (M.N.O.M.); (H.S.S.-d.-A.)
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Alyssa R. Merkel
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
- Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ean G. Feldman
- Vanderbilt Graduate School Program in Biomedical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Heloisa S. Selistre-de-Araujo
- Program in Evolutionary Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil; (M.N.O.M.); (H.S.S.-d.-A.)
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Julie A. Rhoades (Sterling)
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
- Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Veterans’ Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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18
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Malavia N, Kuche K, Ghadi R, Jain S. A bird's eye view of the advanced approaches and strategies for overshadowing triple negative breast cancer. J Control Release 2020; 330:72-100. [PMID: 33321156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive form of breast cancer. It is characterized by the absence of estrogen, progesterone and human epidermal growth factor receptors. The main issue with TNBC is that it exhibits poor prognosis, high risk of relapse, short progression-free survival and low overall survival in patients. This is because the conventional therapy used for managing TNBC has issues pertaining to poor bioavailability, lower cellular uptake, increased off-target effects and development of resistance. To overcome such pitfalls, several other approaches are explored. In this context, the present manuscript showcases three of the most widely used approaches which are (i) nanotechnology-based approach; (ii) gene therapy approach and (iii) Phytochemical-based approach. The ultimate focus is to present and explain the insightful reports based on these approaches. Further, the review also expounds on the identified molecular targets and novel targeting ligands which are explored for managing TNBC effectively. Thus, in a nutshell, the review tries to highlight these existing treatment approaches which might inspire for future development of novel therapies with a potential of overshadowing TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Malavia
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Kaushik Kuche
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Rohan Ghadi
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Sanyog Jain
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India.
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19
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Bioengineered siRNA-Based Nanoplatforms Targeting Molecular Signaling Pathways for the Treatment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Preclinical and Clinical Advancements. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12100929. [PMID: 33003468 PMCID: PMC7599839 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive types of breast cancer. Owing to the absenteeism of hormonal receptors expressed at the cancerous breast cells, hormonal therapies and other medications targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are ineffective in TNBC patients, making traditional chemotherapeutic agents the only current appropriate regimen. Patients' predisposition to relapse and metastasis, chemotherapeutics' cytotoxicity and resistance and poor prognosis of TNBC necessitates researchers to investigate different novel-targeted therapeutics. The role of small interfering RNA (siRNA) in silencing the genes/proteins that are aberrantly overexpressed in carcinoma cells showed great potential as part of TNBC therapeutic regimen. However, targeting specificity, siRNA stability, and delivery efficiency cause challenges in the progression of this application clinically. Nanotechnology was highlighted as a promising approach for encapsulating and transporting siRNA with high efficiency-low toxicity profile. Advances in preclinical and clinical studies utilizing engineered siRNA-loaded nanotherapeutics for treatment of TNBC were discussed. Specific and selective targeting of diverse signaling molecules/pathways at the level of tumor proliferation and cell cycle, tumor invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis and tumor microenvironment, and chemotherapeutics' resistance demonstrated greater activity via integration of siRNA-complexed nanoparticles.
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20
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Bui T, Rennhack J, Mok S, Ling C, Perez M, Roccamo J, Andrechek ER, Moraes C, Muller WJ. Functional Redundancy between β1 and β3 Integrin in Activating the IR/Akt/mTORC1 Signaling Axis to Promote ErbB2-Driven Breast Cancer. Cell Rep 2020; 29:589-602.e6. [PMID: 31618629 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin receptors coordinate cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) to facilitate many cellular processes during malignant transformation. Despite their pro-tumorigenic roles, therapies targeting integrins remain limited. Here, we provide genetic evidence supporting a functional redundancy between β1 and β3 integrin during breast cancer progression. Although ablation of β1 or β3 integrin alone has limited effects on ErbB2-driven mammary tumorigenesis, deletion of both receptors resulted in a significant delay in tumor onset with a corresponding impairment in lung metastasis. Mechanistically, stiff ECM cooperates with integrin receptors to recruit insulin receptors (IRs) to focal adhesion through the formation of integrin/IR complexes, thereby preventing their lysosomal degradation. β1/β3 integrin-deficient tumors that eventually emerged exhibit impaired Akt/mTORC1 activity. Murine and human breast cancers exhibiting enhanced integrin-dependent activity also display elevated IR/Akt/mTORC1 signaling activity. Together, these observations argue that integrin/IR crosstalk transduces mechanical cues from the tumor microenvironment to promote ErbB2-dependent breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung Bui
- Goodman Cancer Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Biochemistry Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan Rennhack
- Physiology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Stephanie Mok
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Chen Ling
- Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marco Perez
- Goodman Cancer Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Joshua Roccamo
- Goodman Cancer Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eran R Andrechek
- Physiology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Christopher Moraes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - William J Muller
- Goodman Cancer Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Biochemistry Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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21
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Samaržija I, Dekanić A, Humphries JD, Paradžik M, Stojanović N, Humphries MJ, Ambriović-Ristov A. Integrin Crosstalk Contributes to the Complexity of Signalling and Unpredictable Cancer Cell Fates. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1910. [PMID: 32679769 PMCID: PMC7409212 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors composed of α and β subunits that control adhesion, proliferation and gene expression. The integrin heterodimer binding to ligand reorganises the cytoskeletal networks and triggers multiple signalling pathways that can cause changes in cell cycle, proliferation, differentiation, survival and motility. In addition, integrins have been identified as targets for many different diseases, including cancer. Integrin crosstalk is a mechanism by which a change in the expression of a certain integrin subunit or the activation of an integrin heterodimer may interfere with the expression and/or activation of other integrin subunit(s) in the very same cell. Here, we review the evidence for integrin crosstalk in a range of cellular systems, with a particular emphasis on cancer. We describe the molecular mechanisms of integrin crosstalk, the effects of cell fate determination, and the contribution of crosstalk to therapeutic outcomes. Our intention is to raise awareness of integrin crosstalk events such that the contribution of the phenomenon can be taken into account when researching the biological or pathophysiological roles of integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Samaržija
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (M.P.); (N.S.)
| | - Ana Dekanić
- Laboratory for Protein Dynamics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Jonathan D. Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (J.D.H.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Mladen Paradžik
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (M.P.); (N.S.)
| | - Nikolina Stojanović
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (M.P.); (N.S.)
| | - Martin J. Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (J.D.H.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Andreja Ambriović-Ristov
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (M.P.); (N.S.)
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22
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Tan T, Wang Y, Wang J, Wang Z, Wang H, Cao H, Li J, Li Y, Zhang Z, Wang S. Targeting peptide-decorated biomimetic lipoproteins improve deep penetration and cancer cells accessibility in solid tumor. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:529-545. [PMID: 32140397 PMCID: PMC7049576 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The limited penetration of nanoparticles and their poor accessibility to cancer cell fractions in tumor remain essential challenges for effective anticancer therapy. Herein, we designed a targeting peptide-decorated biomimetic lipoprotein (termed as BL-RD) to enable their deep penetration and efficient accessibility to cancer cell fractions in a tumor, thereby improving the combinational chemo-photodynamic therapy of triple negative breast cancer. BL-RD was composed of phospholipids, apolipoprotein A1 mimetic peptide (PK22), targeting peptide-conjugated cytotoxic mertansine (RM) and photodynamic agents of DiIC18(5) (DiD). The counterpart biomimetic lipoprotein system without RM (termed as BL-D) was fabricated as control. Both BL-D and BL-RD were nanometer-sized particles with a mean diameter of less than 30 nm and could be efficiently internalized by cancer cells. After intravenous injection, they can be specifically accumulated at tumor sites. When comparing to the counterpart BL-D, BL-RD displayed superior capability to permeate across the tumor mass, extravasate from tumor vasculature to distant regions and efficiently access the cancer cell fractions in a solid tumor, thus producing noticeable depression of the tumor growth. Taken together, BL-RD can be a promising delivery nanoplatform with prominent tumor-penetrating and cancer cells-accessing capability for effective tumor therapy.
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Key Words
- 4T1-GFP, 4T1 cancer cells with stable expression of green fluorescence protein
- ApoA1, apolipoprotein A1
- BL-D, biomimetic lipoprotein system without targeting peptide
- BL-RD, targeting peptide decorated biomimetic lipoprotein system
- CAF, cancer-associated fibroblasts
- CLSM, confocal laser scanning microscopy
- Cancer therapy
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DCFH-DA, 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate
- DOPC, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
- DiD, DiIC18(5)
- Drug delivery
- EC, endothelial cells
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EE, encapsulation efficiency
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- GSH, glutathione
- H&E staining, hematoxylin-eosin staining
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography
- IC50, half-inhibitory concentration
- Lipo-D, liposome system without targeting peptide
- Lipo-RD, targeting peptide decorated biomimetic lipoprotein system
- Lipoprotein
- MCS, multicellular spheroids
- MTT, thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide
- Nanoparticles
- PBS, phosphate buffered solution
- PDT, photodynamic therapy
- RM, targeting peptide-conjugated cytotoxic mertansine
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOSG, singlet oxygen sensor green
- TAM, tumor-associated macrophage
- TEM, transmission electronic microscope
- TGI, tumor growth index
- Tumor penetration
- α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhiwan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haiqiang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yaping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai 264000, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 21 20231979.
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai 264000, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 21 20231979.
| | - Siling Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 21 20231979.
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23
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Zhang H, Cui X, Cao A, Li X, Li L. ITGA3 interacts with VASP to regulate stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells. Gene 2020; 734:144396. [PMID: 31987909 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interaction of integrin and extracellular matrix (ECM) has a profound implication on pathological conditions such as tumor growth and infiltration. Related reports have confirmed that integrin α3 (ITGA3) influences the development of bladder cancer, head and neck cancer, colorectal cancer and other cancers. However, the mechanism of ITGA3 in breast cancer is unknown. METHODS The impact of ITGA3 on the biological features of breast cancer cells was explored using the Transwell and wound healing assays. In addition, its influence on stemness of breast cancer cells was examined with the sphere formation assay. The possible mechanism by which ITGA3 regulates breast cancer was explored using Western blot. The interaction between ITGA3 and VASP was determined by co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence staining assays. RESULTS Results show that downregulation of ITGA3 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration. Indeed, suppression of ITGA3 negatively regulates the stemness of breast cancer cells and EMT process. Our findings indicate that ITGA3 interacts with VASP and regulates its expression, and knockdown of ITGA3 inhibits the activity of the PI3K-AKT axis. CONCLUSION Our results show that ITGA3-VASP modulates breast cancer cell stemness, EMT and PI3K-AKT pathways. Therefore, ITGA3 might be a druggable target for clinical breast cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xinye Cui
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - An'na Cao
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xinglong Li
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lianhong Li
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
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24
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Rajayi H, Tavasolian P, Rezalotfi A, Ebrahimi M. Cancer Stem Cells Targeting; the Lessons from the Interaction of the Immune System, the Cancer Stem Cells and the Tumor Niche. Int Rev Immunol 2019; 38:267-283. [DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2019.1669593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Rajayi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parsova Tavasolian
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alaleh Rezalotfi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Yang Y, Zheng H, Zhan Y, Fan S. An emerging tumor invasion mechanism about the collective cell migration. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:5301-5312. [PMID: 31632511 PMCID: PMC6789225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, the metastasis has been detected in the late stage of the cancer, which mostly leads to death. The classical opinion about tumor metastasis is that tumor cell migration begins with the single tumor cell and goes through a series of complicated procedures, and lastly arrives and survives at distant tissues and organs. However, emerging studies have found a new migration mechanism called collective cell migration in many cancers. The collective cell migration could move as clusters with the tight cell-cell junction in the tumor microenvironments, toward the traction established by the leader cells. In addition, the collective cell migration has been shown to have higher invasive capacity and higher resistance to the clinical treatments than the single tumor cell migration. Interestingly, the collective clusters of tumor cells have been detected in the early stage of the cancer patient, which has led to the understanding of the significance of early cancer screenings. Here, we reviewed the major principles and guidance of the collective cell migration mechanisms, and the specific manifestations in the different tumors such as breast cancer and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongmei Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuting Zhan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Songqing Fan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha, Hunan, China
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26
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Wang C, Wang T, Lv D, Li L, Yue J, Chen HZ, Xu L. Acquired Resistance to EGFR TKIs Mediated by TGFβ1/Integrin β3 Signaling in EGFR-Mutant Lung Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:2357-2367. [PMID: 31501278 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of novel molecular mechanisms is essential to develop strategies to overcome acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Integrin has been demonstrated as a regulator of cancer progression. The aim of this study was to identify which specific integrins are involved and regulated in acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs in EGFR-mutant lung cancer. The expression levels of integrin subunits were examined in EGFR-mutant lung cancer cells and xenograft tumors with acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs. Manipulation of integrin β3 was performed to explore whether integrin β3 overexpression was associated with TKI resistance, anoikis resistance, EMT, and cancer stemness in resistant lung cancer. To explore the mechanism, TGFβ1 level was examined, and TGFβ1 inhibitor was then used. Integrin β3 was dramatically and consistently overexpressed in acquired gefitinib- or osimertinib-resistant lung cancer in vitro and in vivo Integrin β3 was also involved in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma. Antagonizing integrin β3 increased the TKI sensitivity and delayed the occurrence of TKI resistance in vitro and in vivo, as well as suppressed proliferation, anoikis resistance, and EMT phenotype in lung cancer cells. Overexpression of integrin β3 was also associated with the enhanced cancer stemness that was acquired in the development of resistance and suppressed by antagonizing integrin β3. Mechanistically, integrin β3 was induced by increased TGFβ1 levels in acquired TKI-resistant lung cancer. Our study identified the TGFβ1/integrin β3 axis as a promising target for combination therapy to delay or overcome acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs in EGFR-mutant lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dacheng Lv
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinnan Yue
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Zhuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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27
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Wang L, Song L, Li J, Wang Y, Yang C, Kou X, Xiao B, Zhang W, Li L, Liu S, Wang J. Bone sialoprotein-αvβ3 integrin axis promotes breast cancer metastasis to the bone. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:3157-3172. [PMID: 31432600 PMCID: PMC6778634 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms of breast cancer cells metastasizing to distant sites are complex and multifactorial. Bone sialoprotein (BSP) and αvβ3 integrin were reported to promote the metastatic progress of breast cancer cells, particularly metastasis to bone. Most theories presume that BSP promotes breast cancer metastasis by binding to αvβ3 integrin. Interestingly, we found the αvβ3 integrin decreased in BSP silenced cells (BSPi), which have weak ability to form bone metastases. However, the relevance of their expression in primary tumor and the way they participate in metastasis are not clear. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between BSP, αvβ3 integrin levels, and the bone metastatic ability of breast cancer cells in patient tissues, and the data indicated that the αvβ3 integrin level is closely correlated to BSP level and metastatic potential. Overexpression of αvβ3 integrin in cancer cells could reverse the effect of BSPi in vitro and promote bone metastasis in a mouse model, whereas knockdown of αvβ3 integrin have effects just like BSPi. Moreover, The Cancer Genome Atlas data and RT‐PCR analysis have also shown that SPP1, KCNK2, and PTK2B might be involved in this process. Thus, we propose that αvβ3 integrin is one of the downstream factors regulated by BSP in the breast cancer‐bone metastatic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Research, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijie Song
- Department of Medical Research, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Medical Research, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of public health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanhong Yang
- Department of Medical Research, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Kou
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linhai Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Medical Research, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
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28
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Wu CH, Ko JL, Pan HH, Chiu LY, Kang YT, Hsiao YP. Ni-induced TGF-β signaling promotes VEGF-a secretion via integrin β3 upregulation. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:22093-22102. [PMID: 31066035 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nickel compounds are associated with lung and skin cancer incidence increase and accumulation of nickel in the body contributes to carcinogenesis. Upregulation of certain integrins in the primary tumor is associated with cancer metastasis and poor prognosis. However, the molecular mechanisms of nickel-induced cancer metastasis are still unclear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of nickel chloride (NiCl2 ) on the progression of cancer during metastasis. The results of showed that NiCl2 induces the expression of integrin β3 mRNA and protein in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Inhibition of integrin αvβ3 activation by ITGB3 ligand mimetics and GR144053, as well as downregulation of ITGB3 by lentiviral shRNA gene silencing, diminished NiCl2 -induced secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor-a (VEGF-a). Furthermore, pretreatment with type I TGF-β receptor inhibitor, SB525334, suppressed the expression of ITGB3 at cell surface and secretion of VEGF-a in NiCl2 -treated cells. In conclusion, NiCl2 induces the expression of ITGB3 through TGF-β signaling activation, followed by increasing VEGF-a secretion, revealing a novel role for ITGB3 in nickel compound-induced cancer metastasis and tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsien Wu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Liang Ko
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hsien Pan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yen Chiu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Kang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ping Hsiao
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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29
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Ruan JS, Zhou H, Yang L, Wang L, Jiang ZS, Sun H, Wang SM. Ursolic Acid Attenuates TGF-β1-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in NSCLC by Targeting Integrin αVβ5/MMPs Signaling. Oncol Res 2019; 27:593-600. [PMID: 28911340 PMCID: PMC7848462 DOI: 10.3727/096504017x15051723858706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) may contribute to tumor metastasis. TGF-β1-induced EMT in H1975 cells (a human NSCLC cell line) resulted in the adoption of mesenchymal responses that were predominantly mediated via the TGF-β1-integrin signaling pathway. Ursolic acid has been previously reported to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis in several cancers. However, whether ursolic acid can attenuate TGF-β1-induced EMT in H1975 cells and its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, ursolic acid significantly attenuated the TGF-β1-induced decrease in E-cadherin level and elevated the level of N-cadherin. Furthermore, ursolic acid inhibited the mesenchymal-like responses in H1975 cells, including cell migration, invasion, and activity of matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-2 and -9. Finally, our new findings provided evidence that ursolic acid could inhibit EMT in NSCLC through TGF-β1 signaling pathway-mediated integrin αVβ5 expression, and this might be the potential mechanism of resveratrol on the inhibition of invasion and metastases in NSCLC. We conclude that ursolic acid attenuated TGF-β1-induced EMT in H1975 cells and thus might be a promising therapeutic agent for treating NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shan Ruan
- *Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, P.R. China
- †Molecular Biology Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Huan Zhou
- *Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Lin Yang
- ‡Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Ling Wang
- *Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Zong Sheng Jiang
- §The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Hong Sun
- *Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Shao Ming Wang
- *Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, P.R. China
- †Molecular Biology Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian, P.R. China
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30
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Cooper J, Giancotti FG. Integrin Signaling in Cancer: Mechanotransduction, Stemness, Epithelial Plasticity, and Therapeutic Resistance. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:347-367. [PMID: 30889378 PMCID: PMC6684107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 489] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Integrins mediate cell adhesion and transmit mechanical and chemical signals to the cell interior. Various mechanisms deregulate integrin signaling in cancer, empowering tumor cells with the ability to proliferate without restraint, to invade through tissue boundaries, and to survive in foreign microenvironments. Recent studies have revealed that integrin signaling drives multiple stem cell functions, including tumor initiation, epithelial plasticity, metastatic reactivation, and resistance to oncogene- and immune-targeted therapies. Here, we discuss the mechanisms leading to the deregulation of integrin signaling in cancer and its various consequences. We place emphasis on novel functions, determinants of context dependency, and mechanism-based therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Cooper
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Filippo G Giancotti
- Department of Cancer Biology and David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
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31
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Barnawi R, Al-Khaldi S, Colak D, Tulbah A, Al-Tweigeri T, Fallatah M, Monies D, Ghebeh H, Al-Alwan M. β1 Integrin is essential for fascin-mediated breast cancer stem cell function and disease progression. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:830-841. [PMID: 30719702 PMCID: PMC6593770 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer remains the second cause of tumor‐related mortality in women worldwide mainly due to chemoresistance and metastasis. The chemoresistance and metastasis are attributed to a rare subpopulation with enriched stem‐like characteristics, thus called Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs). We have previously reported aberrant expression of the actin‐bundling protein (fascin) in breast cancer cells, which enhances their chemoresistance, metastasis and enriches CSC population. The intracellular mechanisms that link fascin with its downstream effectors are not fully elucidated. Here, loss and gain of function approaches in two different breast cancer models were used to understand how fascin promotes disease progression. Importantly, findings were aligned with expression data from actual breast cancer patients. Expression profiling of a large breast cancer dataset (TCGA, 530 patients) showed statistically significant correlation between fascin expression and a key adherence molecule, β1 integrin (ITGB1). In vitro manipulation of fascin expression in breast cancer cells exhibited its direct effect on ITGB1 expression. Fascin‐mediated regulation of ITGB1 was critical for several breast cancer cell functions including adhesion to different extracellular matrix, self‐renewability and chemoresistance. Importantly, there was a significant relationship between fascin and ITGB1 co‐expression and short disease‐free as well as overall survival in chemo‐treated breast cancer patients. This novel role of fascin effect on ITGB1 expression and its outcome on cell self‐renewability and chemoresistance strongly encourages for dual targeting of fascin‐ITGB1 axis as a therapeutic approach to halt breast cancer progression and eradicate it from the root. What's new? Residual cancer stem cells (CSCs) have the ability to regrow tumors and to metastasize to distant organs, resulting in disease relapse and increased cancer mortality. In breast cancer, CSC populations are enriched by aberrant expression of the actin‐bundling protein fascin, induction of which is also associated with chemoresistance and metastasis. In this study, fascin was found to upregulate β1 integrin (ITGB1) expression, an effect that proved critical to breast cancer cell adhesion and self‐renewal. Coexpression of fascin and ITGB1 was associated with decreased survival in chemotherapy‐treated breast cancer patients. The findings identify the fascin‐ITGB1 axis as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayanah Barnawi
- Stem Cell and Tissue Re-Engineering Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samiyah Al-Khaldi
- National Center for Stem Cells, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Sciences and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dilek Colak
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Tulbah
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taher Al-Tweigeri
- Department of Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohannad Fallatah
- National Center for Stem Cells, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Sciences and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dorota Monies
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazem Ghebeh
- Stem Cell and Tissue Re-Engineering Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Collage of Medicine, Al-Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Monther Al-Alwan
- Stem Cell and Tissue Re-Engineering Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Collage of Medicine, Al-Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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32
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Piedra-Quintero ZL, Serrano C, Villegas-Sepúlveda N, Maravillas-Montero JL, Romero-Ramírez S, Shibayama M, Medina-Contreras O, Nava P, Santos-Argumedo L. Myosin 1F Regulates M1-Polarization by Stimulating Intercellular Adhesion in Macrophages. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3118. [PMID: 30687322 PMCID: PMC6335276 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal macrophages are highly mobile cells with extraordinary plasticity and actively contribute to cytokine-mediated epithelial cell damage. The mechanisms triggering macrophage polarization into a proinflammatory phenotype are unknown. Here, we report that during inflammation macrophages enhance its intercellular adhesion properties in order to acquire a M1-phenotype. Using in vitro and in vivo models we demonstrate that intercellular adhesion is mediated by integrin-αVβ3 and relies in the presence of the unconventional class I myosin 1F (Myo1F). Intercellular adhesion mediated by αVβ3 stimulates M1-like phenotype in macrophages through hyperactivation of STAT1 and STAT3 downstream of ILK/Akt/mTOR signaling. Inhibition of integrin-αVβ3, Akt/mTOR, or lack of Myo1F attenuated the commitment of macrophages into a pro-inflammatory phenotype. In a model of colitis, Myo1F deficiency strongly reduces the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, decreases epithelial damage, ameliorates disease activity, and enhances tissue repair. Together our findings uncover an unknown role for Myo1F as part of the machinery that regulates intercellular adhesion and polarization in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Serrano
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Cinvestav Zacatenco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - José L Maravillas-Montero
- Research Support Network, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Romero-Ramírez
- Research Support Network, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mineko Shibayama
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Cinvestav Zacatenco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Oscar Medina-Contreras
- Immunology and Proteomics Laboratory, Mexico Children's Hospital Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Porfirio Nava
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Cinvestav Zacatenco, Mexico City, Mexico
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33
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Kim DH, Lu Q, Chen YH. Claudin-7 modulates cell-matrix adhesion that controls cell migration, invasion and attachment of human HCC827 lung cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:2890-2896. [PMID: 30854065 PMCID: PMC6365970 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.9909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudins are a family of tight junction proteins, and serve important roles in epithelial barrier, selective ion transports and cancer metastasis. Although the exact role of claudin-7 in human lung cancer has not been completely elucidated, recent clinical studies have demonstrated that claudin-7 is associated with the survival of patients with lung cancer. Our previous studies have demonstrated that claudin-7 forms a protein complex with integrin β1 in human lung cancer cells. The knockdown (KD) of claudin-7 by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) reduced integrin β1 expression and increased the cell proliferative rate, whereas claudin-7 re-expression in the KD cells decreased the cell proliferation. It is unknown as to whether claudin-7 and integrin β1 regulate cell proliferation and invasion synergistically or independently. In the present study, it was observed that ectopic expression of integrin β1 in claudin-7 KD lung cancer cells did not reduce the cell proliferation. However, integrin β1-transfected cells migrated more effectively in wound healing and cell invasion assays and were more adhesive in a cell attachment assay when compared with those of claudin-7 KD cells. This indicates that claudin-7 controls cell proliferation, while cell attachment and motility were regulated partially through integrin β1. Additionally, claudin-7 overexpression in claudin-7 KD cells resulted in an improved ability to attach to the surface of cell culture plates and a higher expression of focal adhesion proteins when compared with claudin-7 non-KD control cells, which supports the role of claudin-7 in cell adhesion and motility. Taken together, these data suggest that claudin-7 regulates cell motility through integrin β1, providing additional insight into the roles of claudins in carcinogenesis and cancer cell metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Hyung Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Qun Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.,Leo Jenkins Cancer Center, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Yan-Hua Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.,Leo Jenkins Cancer Center, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
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34
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Adorno-Cruz V, Liu H. Regulation and functions of integrin α2 in cell adhesion and disease. Genes Dis 2018; 6:16-24. [PMID: 30906828 PMCID: PMC6411621 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are cell adhesion molecules that are composed of an alpha (α) subunit and a beta (β) subunit with affinity for different extracellular membrane components. The integrin family includes 24 known members that actively regulate cellular growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Each integrin heterodimer has a particular function in defined contexts as well as some partially overlapping features with other members in the family. As many reviews have covered the general integrin family in molecular and cellular studies in life science, this review will focus on the specific regulation, function, and signaling of integrin α2 subunit (CD49b, VLA-2; encoded by the gene ITGA2) in partnership with β1 (CD29) subunit in normal and cancer cells. Its roles in cell adhesion, cell motility, angiogenesis, stemness, and immune/blood cell regulations are discussed. The pivotal role of integrin α2 in many diseases such as cancer suggests its potential to be used as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Adorno-Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Pharmacology Graduate Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Huiping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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35
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Tsubakihara Y, Moustakas A. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Metastasis under the Control of Transforming Growth Factor β. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113672. [PMID: 30463358 PMCID: PMC6274739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis of tumor cells from primary sites of malignancy to neighboring stromal tissue or distant localities entails in several instances, but not in every case, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT weakens the strong adhesion forces between differentiated epithelial cells so that carcinoma cells can achieve solitary or collective motility, which makes the EMT an intuitive mechanism for the initiation of tumor metastasis. EMT initiates after primary oncogenic events lead to secondary secretion of cytokines. The interaction between tumor-secreted cytokines and oncogenic stimuli facilitates EMT progression. A classic case of this mechanism is the cooperation between oncogenic Ras and the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ). The power of TGFβ to mediate EMT during metastasis depends on versatile signaling crosstalk and on the regulation of successive waves of expression of many other cytokines and the progressive remodeling of the extracellular matrix that facilitates motility through basement membranes. Since metastasis involves many organs in the body, whereas EMT affects carcinoma cell differentiation locally, it has frequently been debated whether EMT truly contributes to metastasis. Despite controversies, studies of circulating tumor cells, studies of acquired chemoresistance by metastatic cells, and several (but not all) metastatic animal models, support a link between EMT and metastasis, with TGFβ, often being a common denominator in this link. This article aims at discussing mechanistic cases where TGFβ signaling and EMT facilitate tumor cell dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Tsubakihara
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 595, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 595, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
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36
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The metastasis suppressor NME1 inhibits melanoma cell motility via direct transcriptional induction of the integrin beta-3 gene. Exp Cell Res 2018; 374:85-93. [PMID: 30458180 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Expression of the metastasis suppressor NME1 in melanoma is associated with reduced cellular motility, invasion, and metastasis, but mechanisms underlying these activities are not completely understood. Herein we report a novel mechanism through which NME1 drives formation of large, stable focal adhesions (FAs) in melanoma cells via induction of integrin β3 (ITGβ3), and in one cell line, concomitant suppression of integrin β1 (ITGβ1) transcripts. Forced expression of NME1 resulted in a strong activation of the promoter region (-301 to +13) of the ITGB3 gene. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis revealed the transcriptional induction was associated with direct recruitment of NME1 and an increase in the epigenetic activation mark, acetylation of histone 3 on lysine 27 (H3K27Ac) to a 1 kb stretch of 5'-flanking sequence of the ITGB3 gene. Unexpectedly, NME1 did not affect the amount either ITGβ1 or ITGβ3 proteins were internalized and recycled, processes commonly associated with regulating expression of integrins at the cell surface. The ability of NME1 to suppress motile and invasive phenotypes of melanoma cells was dependent on its induction of ITGβ3. Expression of ITGβ3 mRNA was associated with increased disease-free survival time in melanoma patients of the TCGA collection, consistent with its potential role as an effector of the metastasis suppressor function of NME1. Together, these data indicate metastasis suppressor activity of NME1 in melanoma is mediated by induction of ITGB3 gene transcription, with NME1-driven enrichment of ITGβ3 protein at the cell membrane resulting in attenuated cell motility through the stabilization of large focal adhesions.
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37
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Paolillo M, Galiazzo MC, Daga A, Ciusani E, Serra M, Colombo L, Schinelli S. An RGD small-molecule integrin antagonist induces detachment-mediated anoikis in glioma cancer stem cells. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:2683-2694. [PMID: 30280197 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The malignancy of glioblastoma (GB) is primarily due to the ability of glioma cancer stem cells (GSC) to disseminate into surrounding brain tissues, despite surgery and chemotherapy, and to form new tumoral masses. Members of the RGD-binding integrin family, which recognize the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sequence present in components of the extracellular matrix, and which serve a crucial function in the dissemination of GCS, are overexpressed in GB. Small-molecule integrin antagonists (SMIAs) designed to recognize RGD-integrins may therefore be an effective tool for decreasing GB infiltration and recurrence. In the present study, in vitro pro-apoptotic and infiltrative effects elicited by the SMIA 1a‑RGD in human GSC were investigated. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that, compared with normal human astrocytes, GSC grown on laminin-coated dishes overexpressed stemness markers as well as αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins. In addition, dissociated GSC were identified to exhibit tumorigenic capacity when injected into immunodeficient mice. Using annexin/fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis and ELISA nucleosome assays, it was identified that treatment of GSC with 25 µM 1a‑RGD for 48 h elicited detachment‑dependent anoikis not accompanied by necrosis-dependent cell death. A colorimetric proliferation assay indicated that 1a‑RGD did not affect cell viability, but that, instead, it markedly inhibited GSC migration as assessed using a Transwell assay. Western blot experiments revealed a decrease in focal adhesion kinase and protein kinase B phosphorylation with a concomitant increase in caspase-9 and -3/7 activity following 1a‑RGD treatment, suggesting that the pro-anoikis effects of 1a‑RGD may be mediated by these molecular mechanisms. Western blot analysis revealed no changes in specific markers of autophagy, suggesting further that 1a‑RGD-induced cell death is primarily sustained by anoikis-associated mechanisms. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that SMIA have potential as a therapeutic tool for decreasing GSC dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Paolillo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marisa C Galiazzo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Daga
- Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Care-University Hospital (IRCCS-AOU) San Martino-Cancer Research Institute (IST), I-16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Emilio Ciusani
- Fondazione IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Serra
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lino Colombo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Sergio Schinelli
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
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38
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Liu J, Xu D, Li J, Gao N, Liao C, Jing R, Wu B, Ma B, Shao Y, Pei C. The role of focal adhesion kinase in transforming growth factor-β2 induced migration of human lens epithelial cells. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:3591-3601. [PMID: 30280182 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The migration of lens epithelial cells towards the posterior capsule is a key event in the development of posterior capsule opacification (PCO). Accumulating evidence has described crosstalk between growth factors and adhesive signaling pathways in wound healing and cell migration. The aim of the present study was to elucidate an aberrant transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β2 signaling pathway that regulated the migration of lens epithelial cells in the pathological context of PCO. The expression of fibronectin, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and phosphorylated (p)‑FAK in HLE‑B3 cells following TGF‑β2 treatment was determined by western blot analysis and the expression of integrin α5β1 was detected by flow cytometry. Cell migration capacity was measured by wound healing and Transwell assays in the presence of 1,2,4,5‑tetraaminobenzene tetrahydrochloride, a selective FAK inhibitor, fibronectin small interfering RNA interference, arginylglycylaspartic acid peptides or α5β1‑integrin neutralizing antibodies. The 1,2,4,5‑tetraaminobenzene tetrahydrochloride was administered daily to 16 rabbits following cataract surgery. Fibronectin and TGF‑β expression were increased in the PCO group, demonstrated by immunofluorescence assays. PCO grading was conducted by slit‑lamp biomicroscopy and evaluation of posterior capsule opacification software. It was observed that TGF‑β2 promoted HLE‑B3 cell migration and upregulated fibronectin expression, which was followed by an increased phosphorylation of FAK. In addition, TGF‑β2 treatment and fibronectin surface coating significantly increased cell migration and FAK activation, which was inhibited by disrupting fibronectin‑integrin α5β1 interaction with the arginylglycylaspartic acid peptide, α5β1‑integrin neutralizing antibody or fibronectin depletion. Finally, suppression of FAK signaling by its inhibitor significantly decreased cell migration in vitro and attenuated PCO development in vivo. In summary, TGF‑β2 was indicated to promote the migration of lens epithelial cells through the TGF‑β2/fibronectin/integrin/FAK axis. Inhibition of FAK activity decreased TGF‑β2‑mediated cell migration in vitro and improved the symptoms of PCO in a rabbit model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Dan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biological Science and Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Jingming Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ning Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Chongbing Liao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Ruihua Jing
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Bogang Wu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yongping Shao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biological Science and Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Pei
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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39
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Stojanović N, Dekanić A, Paradžik M, Majhen D, Ferenčak K, Ruščić J, Bardak I, Supina C, Tomicic MT, Christmann M, Osmak M, Ambriović-Ristov A. Differential Effects of Integrin αv Knockdown and Cilengitide on Sensitization of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Melanoma Cells to Microtubule Poisons. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 94:1334-1351. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.113027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Abstract
Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix is fundamental to tissue integrity and human health. Integrins are the main cellular adhesion receptors that through multifaceted roles as signalling molecules, mechanotransducers and key components of the cell migration machinery are implicated in nearly every step of cancer progression from primary tumour development to metastasis. Altered integrin expression is frequently detected in tumours, where integrins have roles in supporting oncogenic growth factor receptor (GFR) signalling and GFR-dependent cancer cell migration and invasion. In addition, integrins determine colonization of metastatic sites and facilitate anchorage-independent survival of circulating tumour cells. Investigations describing integrin engagement with a growing number of versatile cell surface molecules, including channels, receptors and secreted proteins, continue to lead to the identification of novel tumour-promoting pathways. Integrin-mediated sensing, stiffening and remodelling of the tumour stroma are key steps in cancer progression supporting invasion, acquisition of cancer stem cell characteristics and drug resistance. Given the complexity of integrins and their adaptable and sometimes antagonistic roles in cancer cells and the tumour microenvironment, therapeutic targeting of these receptors has been a challenge. However, novel approaches to target integrins and antagonism of specific integrin subunits in stringently stratified patient cohorts are emerging as potential ways forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellyeh Hamidi
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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41
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Zhang H, Pei S, Zhou B, Wang H, Du H, Zhang D, Lin D. Establishment and characterization of a new triple-negative canine mammary cancer cell line. Tissue Cell 2018; 54:10-19. [PMID: 30309498 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Canine mammary tumor (CMT) has always been an ideal animal model for human breast cancer (HBC) research, however, there is a lack of various established CMT cell lines corresponding to HBC cell lines. This study was designed to establish a new type of CMT cell line. The primary tumor, CMT-7364, was identified as the intraductal papillary carcinoma, and showed negative immunoreactivity to estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. The CMT-7364 cell line from this primary tumor also shows a negative immunoreactivity to ER, PR, and HER-2, and was negative to epithelial cell markers and positive to mesenchymal cell markers by immunocytochemistry (ICC) analysis. This cell line, which has been stably cultured for more than 115 passages, and was characterized by epithelial origin with the expression of the epithelial antigen by ICC analysis and invasion ability by transwell analysis. In vivo, tumor mass and metastases in the lung were found after inoculating the CMT-7364 cells in the nude mice model, and the immune-complete mice model respectively. The tissues from the xenograft tumor were also negative to ER, PR, and HER-2 by IHC analysis. Thus, a novel triple negative canine mammary cancer cell line, CMT-7364, was successfully established, which could be used as a promising model for the research of immunotherapy and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) mechanism of the triple-negative breast cancer both in canine and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Shimin Pei
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- The College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Huanan Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Hongchao Du
- The Clinical Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Di Zhang
- The Clinical Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Degui Lin
- The Clinical Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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42
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Li Q, Wang Y, Xiao H, Li Y, Kan X, Wang X, Zhang G, Wang Z, Yang Q, Chen X, Weng X, Chen Y, Zhou B, Guo Y, Liu X, Zhu X. Chamaejasmenin B, a novel candidate, inhibits breast tumor metastasis by rebalancing TGF-beta paradox. Oncotarget 2018; 7:48180-48192. [PMID: 27374079 PMCID: PMC5217010 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading lethal factor severely restraining the effectiveness of clinical treatment. TGF-beta is the key regulator for metastasis and influences paradoxically on cancer progression. The known TGF-beta blockers exert little selectivity on its functions, indiscriminately causing the anti-metastatic and pro-growth effects. Under such circumstances, specifically rebalancing the oncological function of TGF-beta provides a crucial oncotarget against metastasis. In our study, we established the screening platform targeting cell motility and identified a potential flavonoid, Chamaejasmenin B (ICJ), extracted from Stellera chamaejasme L. It suppressed the migration and invasion in breast cancer cells in vitro. Moreover, by dynamical quantification of breast cancer progression in small-animal imaging system, ICJ was proved to be a potent inhibitor of metastasis with minimal toxic side effects. Mechanism study further revealed that ICJ efficiently blocked TGF-beta induced EMT, disrupted the interaction between β3 integrin-TβRII complex and, consequently, resulted in the selective inhibition of FAK:Src:p38 pathway. Meanwhile, specific blockage of this pathway largely attenuated the anti-metastatic function of ICJ. Importantly, in contrast with the antagonistic effects on TGF-beta induced metastasis, ICJ obviously sensitized its cytostatic activity, suggesting that it was not a pan-blocker but a rebalancer for the functional output of TGF-beta. Collectively, by targeting TGF-beta Paradox, we experimentally provided a promising candidate for metastatic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hongbin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiaoxi Kan
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Beijing Hospital of TCM, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Ganlin Zhang
- Beijing Hospital of TCM, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Zhixin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiaogang Weng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Bingbing Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xucen Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
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43
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Regulation of inside-out β1-integrin activation by CDCP1. Oncogene 2018; 37:2817-2836. [PMID: 29511352 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0142-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis depends on the dynamic regulation of cell adhesion through β1-integrin. The Cub-Domain Containing Protein-1, CDCP1, is a transmembrane glycoprotein which regulates cell adhesion. Overexpression and loss of CDCP1 have been observed in the same cancer types to promote metastatic progression. Here, we demonstrate reduced CDCP1 expression in high-grade, primary prostate cancers, circulating tumor cells and tumor metastases of patients with castrate-resistant prostate cancer. CDCP1 is expressed in epithelial and not mesenchymal cells, and its cell surface and mRNA expression declines upon stimulation with TGFβ1 and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Silencing of CDCP1 in DU145 and PC3 cells resulted in 3.4-fold higher proliferation of non-adherent cells and 4.4-fold greater anchorage independent growth. CDCP1-silenced tumors grew in 100% of mice, compared to 30% growth of CDCP1-expressing tumors. After CDCP1 silencing, cell adhesion and migration diminished 2.1-fold, caused by loss of inside-out activation of β1-integrin. We determined that the loss of CDCP1 reduces CDK5 kinase activity due to the phosphorylation of its regulatory subunit, CDK5R1/p35, by c-SRC on Y234. This generates a binding site for the C2 domain of PKCδ, which in turn phosphorylates CDK5 on T77. The resulting dissociation of the CDK5R1/CDK5 complex abolishes the activity of CDK5. Mutations of CDK5-T77 and CDK5R1-Y234 phosphorylation sites re-establish the CDK5/CDKR1 complex and the inside-out activity of β1-integrin. Altogether, we discovered a new mechanism of regulation of CDK5 through loss of CDCP1, which dynamically regulates β1-integrin in non-adherent cells and which may promote vascular dissemination in patients with advanced prostate cancer.
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Pan B, Guo J, Liao Q, Zhao Y. β1 and β3 integrins in breast, prostate and pancreatic cancer: A novel implication. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:5412-5416. [PMID: 29556293 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane glycoproteins that consist of an α and a β subunit. Specific integrin heterodimers preferentially bind to distinct extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins to affect the characteristics of cells or the components of the ECM. Among the different integrins, β1 and β3 integrins serve essential roles in the progression of different cancer-associated processes, including the initiation, proliferation, survival, migration and invasion. Furthermore, previous studies have revealed a ratio between these two integrins in cancer cells, which also demonstrated that the functions of these two integrins are paradoxical. This indicated that the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells are not always parallel and may be considered independently maintained. Additionally, the present review may assist in understanding certain aspects of cancer, and in making clinical decisions in a novel and more comprehensive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boju Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Junchao Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Quan Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
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45
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Portillo JAC, Muniz-Feliciano L, Lopez Corcino Y, Lee SJ, Van Grol J, Parsons SJ, Schiemman WP, Subauste CS. Toxoplasma gondii induces FAK-Src-STAT3 signaling during infection of host cells that prevents parasite targeting by autophagy. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006671. [PMID: 29036202 PMCID: PMC5658194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting of Toxoplasma gondii by autophagy is an effective mechanism by which host cells kill the protozoan. Thus, the parasite must avoid autophagic targeting to survive. Here we show that the mammalian cytoplasmic molecule Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) becomes activated during invasion of host cells. Activated FAK appears to accompany the formation of the moving junction (as assessed by expression the parasite protein RON4). FAK activation was inhibited by approaches that impaired β1 and β3 integrin signaling. FAK caused activation of Src that in turn mediated Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation at the unique Y845 residue. Expression of Src-resistant Y845F EGFR mutant markedly inhibited ROP16-independent activation of STAT3 in host cells. Activation of FAK, Y845 EGFR or STAT3 prevented activation of PKR and eIF2α, key stimulators of autophagy. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of FAK, Src, EGFR phosphorylation at Y845, or STAT3 caused accumulation of the autophagy protein LC3 and LAMP-1 around the parasite and parasite killing dependent on autophagy proteins (ULK1 and Beclin 1) and lysosomal enzymes. Parasite killing was inhibited by expression of dominant negative PKR. Thus, T. gondii activates a FAK→Src→Y845-EGFR→STAT3 signaling axis within mammalian cells, thereby enabling the parasite to survive by avoiding autophagic targeting through a mechanism likely dependent on preventing activation of PKR and eIF2α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose-Andres C. Portillo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Luis Muniz-Feliciano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Yalitza Lopez Corcino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - So Jung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Van Grol
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Sarah J. Parsons
- Department of Microbiology and Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - William P. Schiemman
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Carlos S. Subauste
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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46
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Ross MH, Esser AK, Fox GC, Schmieder AH, Yang X, Hu G, Pan D, Su X, Xu Y, Novack DV, Walsh T, Colditz GA, Lukaszewicz GH, Cordell E, Novack J, Fitzpatrick JAJ, Waning DL, Mohammad KS, Guise TA, Lanza GM, Weilbaecher KN. Bone-Induced Expression of Integrin β3 Enables Targeted Nanotherapy of Breast Cancer Metastases. Cancer Res 2017; 77:6299-6312. [PMID: 28855208 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastases occur in approximately 70% of metastatic breast cancer patients, often leading to skeletal injuries. Current treatments are mainly palliative and underscore the unmet clinical need for improved therapies. In this study, we provide preclinical evidence for an antimetastatic therapy based on targeting integrin β3 (β3), which is selectively induced on breast cancer cells in bone by the local bone microenvironment. In a preclinical model of breast cancer, β3 was strongly expressed on bone metastatic cancer cells, but not primary mammary tumors or visceral metastases. In tumor tissue from breast cancer patients, β3 was significantly elevated on bone metastases relative to primary tumors from the same patient (n = 42). Mechanistic investigations revealed that TGFβ signaling through SMAD2/SMAD3 was necessary for breast cancer induction of β3 within the bone. Using a micelle-based nanoparticle therapy that recognizes integrin αvβ3 (αvβ3-MPs of ∼12.5 nm), we demonstrated specific localization to breast cancer bone metastases in mice. Using this system for targeted delivery of the chemotherapeutic docetaxel, we showed that bone tumor burden could be reduced significantly with less bone destruction and less hepatotoxicity compared with equimolar doses of free docetaxel. Furthermore, mice treated with αvβ3-MP-docetaxel exhibited a significant decrease in bone-residing tumor cell proliferation compared with free docetaxel. Taken together, our results offer preclinical proof of concept for a method to enhance delivery of chemotherapeutics to breast cancer cells within the bone by exploiting their selective expression of integrin αvβ3 at that metastatic site. Cancer Res; 77(22); 6299-312. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Ross
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Alison K Esser
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Gregory C Fox
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Anne H Schmieder
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Grace Hu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois
| | - Xinming Su
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Yalin Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Deborah V Novack
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Thomas Walsh
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, St. Louis Breast Tissue Registry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Graham A Colditz
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, St. Louis Breast Tissue Registry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Gabriel H Lukaszewicz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Elizabeth Cordell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Joshua Novack
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - James A J Fitzpatrick
- Departments of Cell Biology & Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - David L Waning
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Khalid S Mohammad
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Theresa A Guise
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Gregory M Lanza
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Katherine N Weilbaecher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
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47
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Liu J, Yan XL, Zheng XL, Mei L, Wang S, Han J, Yan H. Electric field exposure promotes epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in human lens epithelial cells via integrin β1‑FAK signaling. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4008-4014. [PMID: 28765922 PMCID: PMC5646981 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Electric field (EF) exposure can affect the elongation, migration, orientation, and division of cells. The present study tested the hypothesis that EF may also affect epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lens epithelial cells and that this effect may be an important inducer in the pathological process of posterior capsule opacification (PCO). Human lens epithelial (HLE)-B3 cells were exposed to an EF. Experiments were performed in the presence or absence of an anti-integrin β1 blocking antibody or a small molecule inhibitor targeting focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Cell morphology changes were observed by microscopy. The expression levels of integrin β1, FAK, phosphorylated (p)FAK and of EMT markers, E-cadherin and Vimentin, were examined by immunofluorescence, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Following exposure to EF, HLE-B3 cells appeared elongated and resembled more fibroblast-like cells. Expression of E-cadherin was decreased, while expression of Vimentin was increased in HLE-B3 cells exposed to EF, compared with control cells. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of integrin β1 were increased, and the protein expression levels of integrin β1 and pFAK were increased in HLE-B3 cells exposed to EF, compared with control cells. Blocking of integrin β1 suppressed the EMT-related morphological changes of HLE-B3 cells and reduced the activation of FAK following EF exposure. However, blocking of pFAK did not affect the EMT status of HLE-B3 cells induced by EF. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that EF exposure induced EMT in HLE-B3 cells and that this effect may partially be mediated by the activation of integrin β1-FAK signaling. The present results may provide a new mechanistic approach to prevent the development of PCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Long Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Liang Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
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48
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The “good-cop bad-cop” TGF-beta role in breast cancer modulated by non-coding RNAs. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1661-1675. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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49
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Morrison CD, Chang JC, Keri RA, Schiemann WP. Mutant p53 dictates the oncogenic activity of c-Abl in triple-negative breast cancers. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2899. [PMID: 28661474 PMCID: PMC5520943 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We recently established c-Abl as a potent suppressor of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) progression through its reactivation of a p53:p21 signaling axis coupled to senescence. Moreover, we observed co-expression of p53 and c-Abl to be essential for normal mammary epithelial cell physiology, as this relationship is lost upon breast cancer progression. Cytoplasmic c-Abl activity is markedly increased in some TNBCs and contributes to disease progression; however, the mechanisms underlying these events remain largely unknown. In addressing this question, we show here that c-Abl is predominantly restricted to the cytoplasm of human MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells, and to the nucleus of human MCF-7 luminal A cells. TTK is a mitotic protein kinase that phosphorylates c-Abl on Thr735, thereby creating a recognition binding motif for 14-3-3 adaptor proteins in response to oxidative stress. By interrogating the METABRIC database, we observed a significant correlation between p53 expression and that of c-Abl and TTK in basal-like breast cancers. Moreover, heterologous expression of TTK in MCF-7 cells significantly stimulated their growth in part via a c-Abl-dependent mechanism. Conversely, depleting TTK expression in MDA-MB-231 cells not only inhibited their organoid growth in 3D-cultures, but also sensitized them to the tumor suppressing activities of c-Abl independent of its subcellular localization. Moreover, we show that mutant p53 forms cytoplasmic complexes with c-Abl, thereby dictating the subcellular localization of c-Abl and the sensitivity of MDA-MB-231 cells to Imatinib. In response to nutrient deprivation, c-Abl:p53 complexes readily accumulate in the nucleus, resulting in the hyperactivation of c-Abl and initiation of its anti-tumor activities. Collectively, we identified a novel mutant p53:c-Abl cytoplasmic signaling complex that promotes MDA-MB-231 cell growth and highlights the contextual cues that confer oncogenic activity to c-Abl in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chevaun D Morrison
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jenny C Chang
- Houston Methodist Research Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ruth A Keri
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - William P Schiemann
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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50
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Kwan BH, Zhu EF, Tzeng A, Sugito HR, Eltahir AA, Ma B, Delaney MK, Murphy PA, Kauke MJ, Angelini A, Momin N, Mehta NK, Maragh AM, Hynes RO, Dranoff G, Cochran JR, Wittrup KD. Integrin-targeted cancer immunotherapy elicits protective adaptive immune responses. J Exp Med 2017; 214:1679-1690. [PMID: 28473400 PMCID: PMC5460993 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin targeting for cancer has primarily focused on antagonizing integrin function, which has been clinically ineffective to date. In this study, Kwan et al. repurpose integrins as a beacon for recruiting immune effector functions to bolster current cancer immunotherapy approaches. Certain RGD-binding integrins are required for cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation and are overexpressed in most tumors, making them attractive therapeutic targets. However, multiple integrin antagonist drug candidates have failed to show efficacy in cancer clinical trials. In this work, we instead exploit these integrins as a target for antibody Fc effector functions in the context of cancer immunotherapy. By combining administration of an engineered mouse serum albumin/IL-2 fusion with an Fc fusion to an integrin-binding peptide (2.5F-Fc), significant survival improvements are achieved in three syngeneic mouse tumor models, including complete responses with protective immunity. Functional integrin antagonism does not contribute significantly to efficacy; rather, this therapy recruits both an innate and adaptive immune response, as deficiencies in either arm result in reduced tumor control. Administration of this integrin-targeted immunotherapy together with an anti–PD-1 antibody further improves responses and predominantly results in cures. Overall, this well-tolerated therapy achieves tumor specificity by redirecting inflammation to a functional target fundamental to tumorigenic processes but expressed at significantly lower levels in healthy tissues, and it shows promise for translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron H Kwan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Eric F Zhu
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Alice Tzeng
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Harun R Sugito
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Ahmed A Eltahir
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Botong Ma
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.,Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Mary K Delaney
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Patrick A Murphy
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Monique J Kauke
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Alessandro Angelini
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Noor Momin
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Naveen K Mehta
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Alecia M Maragh
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Richard O Hynes
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Glenn Dranoff
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Jennifer R Cochran
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - K Dane Wittrup
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 .,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
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