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Francis M, Westerman KE, Manning AK, Ye K. Gene-vegetarianism interactions in calcium, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and testosterone identified in genome-wide analysis across 30 biomarkers. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011288. [PMID: 38990837 PMCID: PMC11239071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
We examined the associations of vegetarianism with metabolic biomarkers using traditional and genetic epidemiology. First, we addressed inconsistencies in self-reported vegetarianism among UK Biobank participants by utilizing data from two dietary surveys to find a cohort of strict European vegetarians (N = 2,312). Vegetarians were matched 1:4 with nonvegetarians for non-genetic association analyses, revealing significant effects of vegetarianism in 15 of 30 biomarkers. Cholesterol measures plus vitamin D were significantly lower in vegetarians, while triglycerides were higher. A genome-wide association study revealed no genome-wide significant (GWS; 5×10-8) associations with vegetarian behavior. We performed genome-wide gene-vegetarianism interaction analyses for the biomarkers, and detected a GWS interaction impacting calcium at rs72952628 (P = 4.47×10-8). rs72952628 is in MMAA, a B12 metabolic pathway gene; B12 has major deficiency potential in vegetarians. Gene-based interaction tests revealed two significant genes, RNF168 in testosterone (P = 1.45×10-6) and DOCK4 in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (P = 6.76×10-7), which have previously been associated with testicular and renal traits, respectively. These nutrigenetic findings indicate genotype can modify the associations between vegetarianism and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Francis
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kenneth E. Westerman
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alisa K. Manning
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kaixiong Ye
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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2
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Ayaz A, Zaman W, Radák Z, Gu Y. Harmony in Motion: Unraveling the Nexus of Sports, Plant-Based Nutrition, and Antioxidants for Peak Performance. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:437. [PMID: 38671884 PMCID: PMC11047508 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate interplay between plant-based nutrition, antioxidants, and their impact on athletic performance forms the cornerstone of this comprehensive review. Emphasizing the pivotal importance of dietary choices in the realm of sports, this paper sets the stage for an in-depth exploration of how stress and physical performance are interconnected through the lens of nutrition. The increasing interest among athletes in plant-based diets presents an opportunity with benefits for health, performance, and recovery. It is essential to investigate the connection between sports, plants, and antioxidants. Highlighting the impact of nutrition on recovery and well-being, this review emphasizes how antioxidants can help mitigate oxidative stress. Furthermore, it discusses the growing popularity of plant-based diets among athletes. It elaborates on the importance of antioxidants in combating radicals addressing stress levels while promoting cellular health. By identifying rich foods, it emphasizes the role of a balanced diet in ensuring sufficient intake of these beneficial compounds. Examining stress within the context of sports activities, this review provides insights into its mechanisms and its impact on athletic performance as well as recovery processes. This study explores the impact of plant-based diets on athletes including their types, potential advantages and challenges. It also addresses the drawbacks of relying on plant-based diets, concerns related to antioxidant supplementation and identifies areas where further research is needed. Furthermore, the review suggests directions for research and potential innovations in sports nutrition. Ultimately it brings together the aspects of sports, plant-based nutrition, and antioxidants to provide a perspective for athletes, researchers and practitioners. By consolidating existing knowledge, it offers insights that can pave the way for advancements in the ever-evolving field of sports nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ayaz
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
| | - Zsolt Radák
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, 1123 Budapest, Hungary;
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
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3
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Weaver CM, Wastney M, Fletcher A, Lividini K. An Algorithm to Assess Calcium Bioavailability from Foods. J Nutr 2024; 154:921-927. [PMID: 38072154 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recommended calcium intakes to meet calcium requirements at various ages are based on average population absorption values. Absorption is altered by physiology, the calcium load, and type of food. The calcium intake necessary, therefore, to meet requirements depends upon diet composition, through bioavailability. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study was to improve predictions of calcium bioavailability on the basis of the food matrix. METHODS We modeled calcium absorption data from individual foods, beverages, and fortified foods that were determined with calcium isotopic tracers and compared with milk as a referent to adjust for physiologic differences of the host. RESULTS Data from 496 observations were modeled to develop a predictive algorithm for calcium bioavailability in adults on the basis of calcium load and oxalate and phytate loads, which represent the 2 main inhibitors of calcium absorption. CONCLUSIONS This algorithm will be helpful in assessing calcium availability from the food supply, for developing diets for individuals and research cohorts, and for designing policies and interventions to address inadequate calcium intake for populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie M Weaver
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States.
| | - Meryl Wastney
- Metabolic Modeling Services, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Andrew Fletcher
- Sustainable Nutrition Initiative®, Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Fonterra Research and Development Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Keith Lividini
- Research Delivery & Impact Division/International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington DC, United States; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston MA, United States
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4
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Evenepoel P, Jørgensen HS, Bover J, Davenport A, Bacchetta J, Haarhaus M, Hansen D, Gracia-Iguacel C, Ketteler M, McAlister L, White E, Mazzaferro S, Vervloet M, Shroff R. Recommended calcium intake in adults and children with chronic kidney disease-a European consensus statement. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2024; 39:341-366. [PMID: 37697718 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfad185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mineral and bone disorders (MBD) are common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), contributing to significant morbidity and mortality. For several decades, the first-line approach to controlling hyperparathyroidism in CKD was by exogenous calcium loading. Since the turn of the millennium, however, a growing awareness of vascular calcification risk has led to a paradigm shift in management and a move away from calcium-based phosphate binders. As a consequence, contemporary CKD patients may be at risk of a negative calcium balance, which, in turn, may compromise bone health, contributing to renal bone disease and increased fracture risk. A calcium intake below a certain threshold may be as problematic as a high intake, worsening the MBD syndrome of CKD, but is not addressed in current clinical practice guidelines. The CKD-MBD and European Renal Nutrition working groups of the European Renal Association (ERA), together with the CKD-MBD and Dialysis working groups of the European Society for Pediatric Nephrology (ESPN), developed key evidence points and clinical practice points on calcium management in children and adults with CKD across stages of disease. These were reviewed by a Delphi panel consisting of ERA and ESPN working groups members. The main clinical practice points include a suggested total calcium intake from diet and medications of 800-1000 mg/day and not exceeding 1500 mg/day to maintain a neutral calcium balance in adults with CKD. In children with CKD, total calcium intake should be kept within the age-appropriate normal range. These statements provide information and may assist in decision-making, but in the absence of high-level evidence must be carefully considered and adapted to individual patient needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Evenepoel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hanne Skou Jørgensen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Nephrology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jordi Bover
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- REMAR-IGTP Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Andrew Davenport
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | - Justine Bacchetta
- Pediatric Nephrology Rheumatology and Dermatology Unit, Reference Center for Rare Renal Diseases, ORKID and ERK-Net networks, Lyon University Hospital, Bron, France
- Lyon Est Medical School, INSERM1033 Research Unit, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Mathias Haarhaus
- Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Diaverum Sweden, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ditte Hansen
- Department of Nephrology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev, Copenhagen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carolina Gracia-Iguacel
- Department of Renal Medicine, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz UAM University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Markus Ketteler
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Robert-Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Louise McAlister
- Dietetic Team, UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children and University College London, London, UK
| | - Emily White
- Dietetic Team, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sandro Mazzaferro
- Department of Translation and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marc Vervloet
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands
- Department of Nephrology, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands
| | - Rukshana Shroff
- Renal Unit, UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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5
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Muleya M, F Bailey E, H Bailey E. A comparison of the bioaccessible calcium supplies of various plant-based products relative to bovine milk. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113795. [PMID: 38129068 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Calcium deficiency is widespread globally, especially in diets with minimal consumption of dairy. It is therefore important to identify plant-based sources of calcium that can make a meaningful contribution to calcium intakes for populations following diets with a minimum supply of dairy products. The best sources of calcium have a high calcium content and bioavailability. Therefore, we evaluated the gross and bioaccessible calcium supplies of 25 plant-based products from 5 food groups considered to be good and important sources of calcium. Bioaccessible calcium was examined using the INFOGEST static digestion model in which isotopically labelled 43Ca was used as a tracer of reagent calcium to improve accuracy of bioaccessibility measurements. The gross calcium content varied widely amongst all the food products, ranging between 7.48 and 959 mg/100 g fresh weight (fw), with approximately 50 % of the products being equivalent to or surpassing the calcium content of skimmed milk. Bioaccessibility of calcium was equally variable, ranging from about 0.1 - 50 %. The lowest bioaccessibility (<10 %) was found in spinach, plant-based beverages, tofu, dried figs and tahini and was attributed to: 1. the high content of oxalate and phytate in some of the products, and 2. the low solubility of tricalcium phosphate which was used for fortification in the plant-based beverages. The remaining products generally had a high bioaccessibility that was similar to, or higher than that of skimmed milk (∼30 %). When both bioaccessibility and recommended serving portions were considered, only 3 products were identified as good sources of calcium, requiring 0.2 - 1.4 servings to equal the bioaccessible supply from skimmed milk. The top three sources of plant-based calcium identified were kale, finger millet and fortified white bread in that order, with kale providing 5 times more bioaccessible calcium than 1 serving of skimmed milk. Moderate sources of calcium where 1.5 - 3 servings was equivalent to 1 serving of skimmed milk included wholemeal bread, some bean varieties (black chickpeas, chickpeas, kidney beans, peas), broccoli, cabbage and almond drink. The rest of the products were either of low calcium content, poor bioaccessibility, and/or not consumed in sufficient quantities to make a significant contribution to daily requirements. White bread was a good source of calcium as it was fortified with calcium carbonate and this suggests that mandatory widescale fortification of staple cereals with this form of calcium should be considered a viable approach to augment dietary calcium intakes in vulnerable populations. Low bioaccessibility of fortified calcium in plant-based beverages, often marketed as good sources of calcium, suggests the need for regulation and for further in vivo studies to validate bioavailability of calcium in these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Muleya
- School of Biosciences, Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Esther F Bailey
- School of Biosciences, Division of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Elizabeth H Bailey
- School of Biosciences, Division of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK.
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6
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Torfadóttir JE, Uusi-Rasi K. Calcium - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2023; 67:10303. [PMID: 38187795 PMCID: PMC10770652 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v67.10303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this scoping review was to conduct evidence-based documentations between calcium (Ca) intake and health outcomes for updating dietary reference values (DRVs) and food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) in the sixth edition of Nordic Nutrient Recommendations (NNR2023). The systematic literature search was limited to reviews on human data published between 2011 and June 2021. Systematic reviews (SRs) and original publications of relevance for this scoping review were included. A common practice of designing studies on health outcomes related to Ca supplement intake is to examine combined Ca and vitamin D, and therefore, a combination of Ca with vitamin D (CaD) was included in this review. In total, 27 studies addressing the association between dietary or supplemental Ca on bone health, bone mineral density (BMD), pregnancy-related outcomes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancers, obesity, and mortality were reviewed. SRs showed that both dietary and supplemental Ca intakes were positively associated with BMD, but evidence did not support the benefit in fracture prevention. Current evidence did not support that Ca or CaD supplementation increases risk of coronary heart disease or all-cause mortality in older adults, but that Ca may be beneficial for hypertension, especially in young people. Increasing Ca intake may be beneficial during pregnancy, especially for those at high risk of pre-eclampsia due to ethnicity, age, high BMI, and those with low baseline Ca intake. The associations between high Ca intake and cancers were varied, with strong evidence that high consumption of dairy products is protective against colorectal cancer and limited-suggestive evidence that dairy products and diets high in Ca might also be protective against breast cancer. Moreover, there is limited-suggestive evidence that dairy products and diets high in Ca increase the risk of prostate cancer. Based on current evidence, Ca intake is beneficial or neutral in relation to most of the outcomes evaluated in this review. Data from the Nordic countries show that average Ca intake is around the same as previously recommended by NNR. However, the average Ca intake in the Baltic countries is below the recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jóhanna E. Torfadóttir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Directorate of Health, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kirsti Uusi-Rasi
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
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7
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Bekele TH, van Rooijen M, Gerdessen JC, Brouwer ID, Feskens EJM, Trijsburg L, Alemayehu D, de Vries JHM. Developing feasible healthy diets for Ethiopian women of reproductive age: a linear goal programming approach. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:2096-2107. [PMID: 37448219 PMCID: PMC10564607 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023001374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a healthy diet for Ethiopian women closely resembling their current diet and taking fasting periods into account while tracking the cost difference. DESIGN Linear goal programming models were built for three scenarios (non-fasting, continuous fasting and intermittent fasting). Each model minimised a function of deviations from nutrient reference values for eleven nutrients (protein, Ca, Fe, Zn, folate, and the vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, B6, and B12). The energy intake in optimised diets could only deviate 5 % from the current diet. SETTINGS Five regions are included in the urban and rural areas of Ethiopia. PARTICIPANTS Two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls (24HDR) were collected from 494 Ethiopian women of reproductive age from November to December 2019. RESULTS Women's mean energy intake was well above 2000 kcal across all socio-demographic subgroups. Compared to the current diet, the estimated intake of several food groups was considerably higher in the optimised modelled diets, that is, milk and dairy foods (396 v. 30 g/d), nuts and seeds (20 v. 1 g/d) and fruits (200 v. 7 g/d). Except for Ca and vitamin B12 intake in the continuous fasting diet, the proposed diets provide an adequate intake of the targeted micronutrients. The proposed diets had a maximum cost of 120 Ethiopian birrs ($3·5) per d, twice the current diet's cost. CONCLUSION The modelled diets may be feasible for women of reproductive age as they are close to their current diets and fulfil their energy and nutrient demands. However, the costs may be a barrier to implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaye Hailu Bekele
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maike van Rooijen
- Group Operations Research and Logistics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna C Gerdessen
- Group Operations Research and Logistics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Inge D Brouwer
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edith JM Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Trijsburg
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jeanne HM de Vries
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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8
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Wang T, Masedunskas A, Willett WC, Fontana L. Vegetarian and vegan diets: benefits and drawbacks. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:3423-3439. [PMID: 37450568 PMCID: PMC10516628 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-based diets have become increasingly popular thanks to their purported health benefits and more recently for their positive environmental impact. Prospective studies suggest that consuming vegetarian diets is associated with a reduced risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, hypertension, dementia, and cancer. Data from randomized clinical trials have confirmed a protective effect of vegetarian diets for the prevention of diabetes and reductions in weight, blood pressure, glycosylated haemoglobin and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but to date, no data are available for cardiovascular event rates and cognitive impairment, and there are very limited data for cancer. Moreover, not all plant-based foods are equally healthy. Unhealthy vegetarian diets poor in specific nutrients (vitamin B12, iron, zinc, and calcium) and/or rich in highly processed and refined foods increase morbidity and mortality. Further mechanistic studies are desirable to understand whether the advantages of healthy, minimally processed vegetarian diets represent an all-or-nothing phenomenon and whether consuming primarily plant-based diets containing small quantities of animal products (e.g. pesco-vegetarian or Mediterranean diets) has beneficial, detrimental, or neutral effects on cardiometabolic health outcomes. Further, mechanistic studies are warranted to enhance our understanding about healthy plant-based food patterns and the biological mechanisms linking dietary factors, CVD, and other metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wang
- Charles Perkins Center, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrius Masedunskas
- Charles Perkins Center, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luigi Fontana
- Charles Perkins Center, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Brescia University, Brescia, Lombardy, Italy
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9
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Rizzo G, Storz MA, Calapai G. The Role of Hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) as a Functional Food in Vegetarian Nutrition. Foods 2023; 12:3505. [PMID: 37761214 PMCID: PMC10528039 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been a renewed interest in Cannabis sativa and its uses. The recreational use of inflorescences as a source of THC has led to the legal restriction of C. sativa cultivation to limit the detrimental effects of psychotropic substance abuse on health. However, this has also limited the cultivation of textile/industrial varieties with a low content of THC used for textile and nutritional purposes. While previously the bans had significantly penalized the cultivation of C. sativa, today many countries discriminate between recreational use (marijuana) and industrial and food use (hemp). The stalks of industrial hemp (low in psychotropic substances) have been used extensively for textile purposes while the seeds are nutritionally versatile. From hemp seeds, it is possible to obtain flours applicable in the bakery sector, oils rich in essential fatty acids, proteins with a high biological value and derivatives for fortification, supplementation and nutraceutical purposes. Hemp seed properties seem relevant for vegetarian diets, due to their high nutritional value and underestimated employment in the food sector. Hemp seed and their derivatives are a valuable source of protein, essential fatty acids and minerals that could provide additional benefit to vegetarian nutrition. This document aims to explore the information available in the literature about hemp seeds from a nutritional point of view, highlighting possible beneficial effects for humans with particular attention to vegetarian nutrition as a supplemental option for a well-planned diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Rizzo
- Independent Researcher, Via Venezuela 66, 98121 Messina, Italy
| | - Maximilian Andreas Storz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Complementary Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Gioacchino Calapai
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
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10
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Pop MS, Cheregi DC, Onose G, Munteanu C, Popescu C, Rotariu M, Turnea MA, Dogaru G, Ionescu EV, Oprea D, Iliescu MG, Minea M, Stanciu LE, Silișteanu SC, Oprea C. Exploring the Potential Benefits of Natural Calcium-Rich Mineral Waters for Health and Wellness: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3126. [PMID: 37513544 PMCID: PMC10384676 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review investigates the potential health and wellness benefits of natural calcium-rich mineral waters. It emphasizes the importance of dietary calcium sourced from natural mineral waters in promoting bone health, maintaining cardiovascular function, aiding in weight management, and enhancing overall well-being. The review process involved the comprehensive analysis of peer-reviewed articles, clinical trials, and experimental studies published within the last decade. Findings reveal that consuming calcium-rich mineral water can contribute significantly to daily calcium intake, particularly for those with lactose intolerance or individuals adhering to plant-based diets. The unique bioavailability of calcium from such waters also appears to enhance absorption, thus potentially offering an advantage over other calcium sources. The potential benefits extend to the cardiovascular system, with some studies indicating a reduction in blood pressure and the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that calcium-rich mineral water might have a role in body weight management, though further research is needed. The review identifies several areas requiring additional research, such as the potential interaction between calcium-rich mineral water and other dietary components, the effects on populations with specific health conditions, and the long-term effects of consumption. In conclusion, natural calcium-rich mineral waters show promise as a readily accessible and bioavailable sources of dietary calcium, potentially beneficial for a broad range of individuals. However, further investigation is required to fully understand its range of health impacts and define optimal intake levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Simona Pop
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | | | - Gelu Onose
- Teaching Emergency Hospital "Bagdasar-Arseni" (TEHBA), 041915 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" (UMPCD), 020022 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Munteanu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" (UMPCD), 020022 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Medical Bioengineering, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T. Popa" Iași, 700454 Iași, Romania
| | - Cristina Popescu
- Teaching Emergency Hospital "Bagdasar-Arseni" (TEHBA), 041915 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" (UMPCD), 020022 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Rotariu
- Faculty of Medical Bioengineering, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T. Popa" Iași, 700454 Iași, Romania
| | - Marius-Alexandru Turnea
- Faculty of Medical Bioengineering, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T. Popa" Iași, 700454 Iași, Romania
| | - Gabriela Dogaru
- Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 400437 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Elena Valentina Ionescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900527 Constanta, Romania
- Balneal and Rehabilitation Sanatorium of Techirghiol, 34-40 Dr. Victor Climescu Street, 906100 Techirghiol, Romania
| | - Doinița Oprea
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900527 Constanta, Romania
- Balneal and Rehabilitation Sanatorium of Techirghiol, 34-40 Dr. Victor Climescu Street, 906100 Techirghiol, Romania
| | - Mădălina Gabriela Iliescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900527 Constanta, Romania
- Balneal and Rehabilitation Sanatorium of Techirghiol, 34-40 Dr. Victor Climescu Street, 906100 Techirghiol, Romania
| | - Mihaela Minea
- Balneal and Rehabilitation Sanatorium of Techirghiol, 34-40 Dr. Victor Climescu Street, 906100 Techirghiol, Romania
| | - Liliana Elena Stanciu
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900527 Constanta, Romania
- Balneal and Rehabilitation Sanatorium of Techirghiol, 34-40 Dr. Victor Climescu Street, 906100 Techirghiol, Romania
| | - Sînziana Călina Silișteanu
- Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, "Stefan cel Mare" University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Carmen Oprea
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900527 Constanta, Romania
- Balneal and Rehabilitation Sanatorium of Techirghiol, 34-40 Dr. Victor Climescu Street, 906100 Techirghiol, Romania
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11
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Beal T, Gardner CD, Herrero M, Iannotti LL, Merbold L, Nordhagen S, Mottet A. Friend or Foe? The Role of Animal-Source Foods in Healthy and Environmentally Sustainable Diets. J Nutr 2023; 153:409-425. [PMID: 36894234 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Scientific and political discussions around the role of animal-source foods (ASFs) in healthy and environmentally sustainable diets are often polarizing. To bring clarity to this important topic, we critically reviewed the evidence on the health and environmental benefits and risks of ASFs, focusing on primary trade-offs and tensions, and summarized the evidence on alternative proteins and protein-rich foods. ASFs are rich in bioavailable nutrients commonly lacking globally and can make important contributions to food and nutrition security. Many populations in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia could benefit from increased consumption of ASFs through improved nutrient intakes and reduced undernutrition. Where consumption is high, processed meat should be limited, and red meat and saturated fat should be moderated to lower noncommunicable disease risk-this could also have cobenefits for environmental sustainability. ASF production generally has a large environmental impact; yet, when produced at the appropriate scale and in accordance with local ecosystems and contexts, ASFs can play an important role in circular and diverse agroecosystems that, in certain circumstances, can help restore biodiversity and degraded land and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from food production. The amount and type of ASF that is healthy and environmentally sustainable will depend on the local context and health priorities and will change over time as populations develop, nutritional concerns evolve, and alternative foods from new technologies become more available and acceptable. Efforts by governments and civil society organizations to increase or decrease ASF consumption should be considered in light of the nutritional and environmental needs and risks in the local context and, importantly, integrally involve the local stakeholders impacted by any changes. Policies, programs, and incentives are needed to ensure best practices in production, curb excess consumption where high, and sustainably increase consumption where low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ty Beal
- Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition, Washington, DC, USA; Institute for Social, Behavioral and Economic Research, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
| | - Christopher D Gardner
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mario Herrero
- Department of Global Development and Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Lutz Merbold
- Integrative Agroecology Group, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Anne Mottet
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
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12
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Moretti A, Liguori S, Paoletta M, Migliaccio S, Toro G, Gimigliano F, Iolascon G. Bone fragility during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of macro- and micronutrients. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2023; 15:1759720X231158200. [PMID: 36937822 PMCID: PMC10015293 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x231158200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone fragility is the susceptibility to fracture due to poor bone strength. This condition is usually associated with aging, comorbidities, disability, poor quality of life, and increased mortality. International guidelines for the management of patients with bone fragility include a nutritional approach, mainly aiming at optimal protein, calcium, and vitamin D intakes. Several biomechanical features of the skeleton, such as bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular and cortical microarchitecture, seem to be positively influenced by micro- and macronutrient intake. Patients with major fragility fractures are usually poor consumers of dairy products, fruit, and vegetables as well as of nutrients modulating gut microbiota. The COVID-19 pandemic has further aggravated the health status of patients with skeletal fragility, also in terms of unhealthy dietary patterns that might adversely affect bone health. In this narrative review, we discuss the role of macro- and micronutrients in patients with bone fragility during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Liguori
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties
and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples,
Italy
| | - Marco Paoletta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties
and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples,
Italy
| | - Silvia Migliaccio
- Department of Movement, Human and Health
Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties
and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples,
Italy
| | - Francesca Gimigliano
- Department of Physical and Mental Health and
Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples,
Italy
| | - Giovanni Iolascon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties
and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples,
Italy
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13
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Escobar-Sáez D, Montero-Jiménez L, García-Herrera P, Sánchez-Mata M. Plant-based drinks for vegetarian or vegan toddlers: Nutritional evaluation of commercial products, and review of health benefits and potential concerns. Food Res Int 2022; 160:111646. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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14
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Spahr A, Divnic‐Resnik T. Impact of health and lifestyle food supplements on periodontal tissues and health. Periodontol 2000 2022; 90:146-175. [PMID: 35916868 PMCID: PMC9804634 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
According to the new classification, periodontitis is defined as a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease associated with dysbiotic biofilms and characterized by progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting apparatus. This definition, based on the current scientific evidence, clearly indicates and emphasizes, beside the microbial component dental biofilm, the importance of the inflammatory reaction in the progressive destruction of periodontal tissues. The idea to modulate this inflammatory reaction in order to decrease or even cease the progressive destruction was, therefore, a logical consequence. Attempts to achieve this goal involve various kinds of anti-inflammatory drugs or medications. However, there is also an increasing effort in using food supplements or so-called natural food ingredients to modulate patients' immune responses and maybe even improve the healing of periodontal tissues. The aim of this chapter of Periodontology 2000 is to review the evidence of various food supplements and ingredients regarding their possible effects on periodontal inflammation and wound healing. This review may help researchers and clinicians to evaluate the current evidence and to stimulate further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Spahr
- Discipline of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Tihana Divnic‐Resnik
- Discipline of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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15
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Koeder C, Perez-Cueto FJA. Vegan nutrition: a preliminary guide for health professionals. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:670-707. [PMID: 35959711 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2107997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Since the beginning of the 21st century, interest in vegan diets has been rapidly increasing in most countries. Misconceptions about vegan diets are widespread among the general population and health professionals. Vegan diets can be health-promoting and may offer certain important advantages compared to typical Western (and other mainstream) eating patterns. However, adequate dietary sources/supplements of nutrients of focus specific to vegan diets should be identified and communicated. Without supplements/fortified foods, severe vitamin B12 deficiency may occur. Other potential nutrients of focus are calcium, vitamin D, iodine, omega-3 fatty acids, iron, zinc, selenium, vitamin A, and protein. Ensuring adequate nutrient status is particularly important during pregnancy, lactation, infancy, and childhood. Health professionals are often expected to be able to provide advice on the topic of vegan nutrition, but a precise and practical vegan nutrition guide for health professionals is lacking. Consequently, it is important and urgent to provide such a set of dietary recommendations. It is the aim of this article to provide vegan nutrition guidelines, based on current evidence, which can easily be communicated to vegan patients/clients, with the goal of ensuring adequate nutrient status in vegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Koeder
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hanover, Hanover, Germany
- Department of Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Münster, Münster, Germany
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16
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Esquivel MK. Nutrition Benefits and Considerations for Whole Foods Plant-Based Eating Patterns. Am J Lifestyle Med 2022; 16:284-290. [PMID: 35706588 PMCID: PMC9189583 DOI: 10.1177/15598276221075992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole foods plant-based approaches to eating place an emphasis on the intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes and have many health benefits. While there are key nutrients and phytochemicals that can contribute to the purported health benefits, practitioners and patients should also be advised of key nutrients for which intake may be compromised when following this dietary pattern. With careful planning and utility of dietary supplements, individuals can achieve optimal intake of calcium, iron, vitamin D, omega 3 fatty acid-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and vitamin B12 and experience the health benefits of a dietary fiber and a host of phytochemicals. This article presents the health benefits of these food substances and approaches for overcoming nutrients of concern when following whole food plant-based eating patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica K Esquivel
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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17
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Associations of Calcium Intake and Calcium from Various Sources with Blood Lipids in a Population of Older Women and Men with High Calcium Intake. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061314. [PMID: 35334971 PMCID: PMC8951296 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoting calcium intake is a cornerstone for osteoporosis management. Some individuals limit dairy product consumption, a major calcium source, due to their high content in saturated fats and their perceived negative impact on lipid profiles. This study explored the associations of calcium from various sources with blood lipids in community-dwelling elderly (n = 717) from the GERICO cohort. Dietary calcium intake was assessed at several timepoints using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and calcium supplement use was recorded. Blood lipids were treated as categorical variables to distinguish those with normal and abnormal levels. Increasing total calcium intake was associated with lower risks for high total cholesterol (p = 0.038) and triglycerides (p = 0.007), and low HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.010). Dairy calcium (p = 0.031), especially calcium from milk (p = 0.044) and milk-based desserts (p = 0.039), i.e., low-fat (p = 0.022) and non-fermented (p = 0.005) dairy products, were associated with a lower risk of high total cholesterol. Greater calcium intakes from total dairies (p = 0.020), milk (p = 0.020) and non-fermented dairies (p = 0.027) were associated with a lower risk of hypertriglyceridemia. No association was observed between calcium from non-dairy sources, cheese or high-fat dairies and blood lipids. Increasing calcium through supplements was associated with lower risks for hypertriglyceridemia (p = 0.022) and low HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.001), but not after adjustments. Our results suggest that higher calcium intakes from dietary sources or supplements are not adversely associated with blood lipids in the elderly, whilst total, and particularly low-fat, dairy products are valuable calcium sources potentially related to favorable lipid profiles.
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18
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Andrewski E, Cheng K, Vanderpool C. Nutritional Deficiencies in Vegetarian, Gluten-Free, and Ketogenic Diets. Pediatr Rev 2022; 43:61-70. [PMID: 35102403 DOI: 10.1542/pir.2020-004275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Previously, medical diets, including the ketogenic and gluten-free diets, were rare outside of their target population. Subspecialists more familiar with risks and benefits often managed nutrition and any associated shortcomings. With more patients electively following a gluten-free or ketogenic diet for nonmedical needs, as well as the increasing prevalence of vegetarian diets, general pediatricians are seeing more followers of restrictive diets with general well-child care. Increasingly, general pediatricians can be the first provider to witness presenting signs or symptoms of associated nutritional deficiencies. This article reviews signs and symptoms of possible nutrient deficiencies seen with the vegetarian, ketogenic, and gluten-free diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Andrewski
- Riley Hospital for Children and Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - Charles Vanderpool
- Riley Hospital for Children and Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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19
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Falchetti A, Cavati G, Valenti R, Mingiano C, Cosso R, Gennari L, Chiodini I, Merlotti D. The effects of vegetarian diets on bone health: A literature review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:899375. [PMID: 35992115 PMCID: PMC9388819 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.899375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In these recent years many people are adopting a vegetarian type diet due to the numerous positive health effects of this regimen such as the reduction of the incidence of many chronic disorders like diabetes, hypertension, obesity and cancer. However this diet is quite restrictive and so it could be possible to have a deficiency in some specific nutrients, increasing the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. Although there are conflicting results on the effects of the vegetarian diet on bone health and fracture incidence, it is always recommendable in vegetarian people to have an adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D, through an increased intake of supplements, natural and fortified foods, an adequate intake of protein, fruit, vegetables, as well as vitamin B12. The aim of this literature review is to revise the actual knowledge of the effect of some nutrients and vegetarian diets on bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Falchetti
- Experimental Research Laboratory on Bone Metabolism, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Guido Cavati
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Roberto Valenti
- Deparment of Surgery, Perioperative Medicine Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Christian Mingiano
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Roberta Cosso
- Unit of Functional and Osteoarticular Rehabilitation, San Giuseppe Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Caratttere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piancavallo, Italy
| | - Luigi Gennari
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Iacopo Chiodini
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Caratttere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Merlotti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
- *Correspondence: Daniela Merlotti, ;
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20
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Shkembi B, Huppertz T. Calcium Absorption from Food Products: Food Matrix Effects. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010180. [PMID: 35011055 PMCID: PMC8746734 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews physicochemical aspects of calcium absorption from foods. Notable differences are observed between different food products in relation to calcium absorption, which range from <10% to >50% of calcium in the foods. These differences can be related to the interactions of calcium with other food components in the food matrix, which are affected by various factors, including fermentation, and how these are affected by the conditions encountered in the gastrointestinal tract. Calcium absorption in the intestine requires calcium to be in an ionized form. The low pH in the stomach is critical for solubilization and ionization of calcium salts present in foods, although calcium oxalate complexes remain insoluble and thus poorly absorbable. In addition, the rate of gastric transit can strongly affect fractional absorption of calcium and a phased release of calcium into the intestine, resulting in higher absorption levels. Dairy products are the main natural sources of dietary calcium in many diets worldwide, which is attributable to their ability to provide high levels of absorbable calcium in a single serving. For calcium from other food products, lower levels of absorbable calcium can limit contributions to bodily calcium requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blerina Shkembi
- Food Quality & Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Thom Huppertz
- Food Quality & Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands;
- FrieslandCampina, 3818 LE Amersfoort, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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21
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Dave LA, Hodgkinson SM, Roy NC, Smith NW, McNabb WC. The role of holistic nutritional properties of diets in the assessment of food system and dietary sustainability. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-21. [PMID: 34933622 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2012753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Advancing sustainable diets for nutrition security and sustainable development necessitates clear nutrition metrics for measuring nutritional quality of diets. Food composition, nutrient requirements, and dietary intake are among the most common nutrition metrics used in the current assessment of sustainable diets. Broadly, most studies in the area classify animal-source foods (ASF) as having a substantially higher environmental footprint in comparison to plant-source foods (PSF). As a result, much of the current dietary advice promulgates diets containing higher proportions of PSF. However, this generalization is misleading since most of these studies do not distinguish between the gross and bioavailable nutrient fractions in mixed human diets. The bioavailability of essential nutrients including β-carotene, vitamin B-12, iron, zinc, calcium, and indispensable amino acids varies greatly across different diets. The failure to consider bioavailability in sustainability measurements undermines the complementary role that ASF play in achieving nutrition security in vulnerable populations. This article critically reviews the scientific evidence on the holistic nutritional quality of diets and identifies methodological problems that exist in the way the nutritional quality of diets is measured. Finally, we discuss the importance of developing nutrient bioavailability as a requisite nutrition metric to contextualize the environmental impacts of different diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi A Dave
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Sustainable Nutrition Initiative, Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Nicole C Roy
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nick W Smith
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Sustainable Nutrition Initiative, Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Warren C McNabb
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Sustainable Nutrition Initiative, Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
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22
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Arazo-Rusindo MC, Zúñiga RN, Cortés-Segovia P, Benavides-Valenzuela S, Pérez-Bravo F, Castillo-Valenzuela O, Mariotti-Celis MS. Nutritional Status and Serum Levels of Micronutrients in an Elderly Group Who Participate in the Program for Complementary Food in Older People (PACAM) from the Metropolitan Region, Santiago de Chile. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010003. [PMID: 35010878 PMCID: PMC8746835 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in the Chilean elderly population has promoted public policies to favor an adequate nutrition in later life. This study evaluated the nutritional status, micronutrients intake and serum micronutrients levels of an elderly group beneficiary of the PACAM from the Metropolitan Region, Santiago de Chile. Anthropometric and dietary survey (24 h food recalls) were assessed in 182 elderly individuals (60 and 80 years old). Blood serum collection was used to measure the micronutrient status. The sample was comprised by 12.6%, 46.1%, 28.0% and 13.2% of underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese subjects, respectively. Women presented 11% of underweight, 45% of normal weight and 44% of overweight and obese, while men—18%, 50% and 32%, respectively. Only the 63% of the elderlies consumed PACAM foods, reaching average daily intakes below (50%) the recommended daily serving. Serum deficiencies of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (88%), vitamin B12 (33%) and calcium (36%) were observed, being the highest ones in the PACAM foods women (60–75 years old). Chilean elderlies presented mainly a normal weight; however, an important proportion of overweight/obese subjects was observed. Although PACAM foods consumption significantly increased the micronutrient intake, it was not enough to ensure an adequate serum micronutrient levels in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Migdalia Caridad Arazo-Rusindo
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Las Palmeras 3360, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile; (M.C.A.-R.); (R.N.Z.)
| | - Rommy N. Zúñiga
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Las Palmeras 3360, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile; (M.C.A.-R.); (R.N.Z.)
| | - Pablo Cortés-Segovia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nutrition and Dietetics School, Universidad Finis Terrae, Pedro de Valdivia 1509, Providencia, Santiago 7501015, Chile;
| | - Sergio Benavides-Valenzuela
- Núcleo de Investigación en Agroalimentos y Nutrición Aplicada, Universidad Adventista de Chile, Camino a las Mariposas s/n, Chillan 3780000, Chile;
| | - Francisco Pérez-Bravo
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago 7830489, Chile
- Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 7830489, Chile
- Correspondence: (F.P.-B.); (O.C.-V.); (M.S.M.-C.)
| | - Oscar Castillo-Valenzuela
- Faculty of Medicine, Nutrition and Dietetics School, Universidad Finis Terrae, Pedro de Valdivia 1509, Providencia, Santiago 7501015, Chile;
- Correspondence: (F.P.-B.); (O.C.-V.); (M.S.M.-C.)
| | - María Salomé Mariotti-Celis
- Faculty of Medicine, Nutrition and Dietetics School, Universidad Finis Terrae, Pedro de Valdivia 1509, Providencia, Santiago 7501015, Chile;
- Correspondence: (F.P.-B.); (O.C.-V.); (M.S.M.-C.)
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23
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Benini C, Esposito D, Adami G, Vantaggiato E, Gatti D, Rossini M, Fassio A. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation: when and why. Minerva Obstet Gynecol 2021; 73:704-713. [PMID: 34905876 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-606x.20.04682-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common disease, with fragility fractures representing its dreaded complications. The role of calcium and vitamin D supplementation needs to be addressed in the context of a heavy health burden, with a massive impact on individuals, healthcare systems, and societies as a whole. Calcium and vitamin D are often discussed together as interventions for promoting bone health. Still, it is essential to remember that they are quite distinct entities that play different roles in mineral metabolism. Insufficient calcium intake and vitamin D deficiency are common and widespread. Furthermore, a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and extra-skeletal outcomes has emerged over the last decades. When dietary intake is insufficient, with little room for improvement, several supplementation strategies have proved to be effective and safe. Adequate calcium intake and vitamin D serum levels should be pursued efficiently in the general population, and deficiency should be considered unacceptable in subsets particularly at risk. The aim of this narrative review was to present an overview of calcium and vitamin D intake and their supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Benini
- Unit of Rheumatology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Adami
- Unit of Rheumatology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Davide Gatti
- Unit of Rheumatology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Fassio
- Unit of Rheumatology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy -
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24
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Kumar C, Rana RK, Kumar M, Kujur A, Kashyap V, Singh SB, Sagar V, Kumari N, Kumar D. Effect of milk supplementation on the status of micronutrients among rural school children aged 5–19 years in a tribal predominating district of India. BMJ Nutr Prev Health 2021; 4:463-468. [PMID: 35028516 PMCID: PMC8718849 DOI: 10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the tribal state of Jharkhand, there have been very few studies on micronutrient deficiency and how it is addressed among school children. This study was conceived and undertaken to assess the effect of milk supplementation on the micronutrient status of school children. Design A comparative observational study was conducted among school children of a tribal district in India during 2017–2018. Two groups of schools/clusters were randomly selected, one with milk supplementation and the other without supplementation. A total of 318 children from the two groups of schools were recruited for biochemical analysis of certain micronutrients, such as calcium, vitamin D, vitamin B12 and iron (haemoglobin level), using cluster random sampling. Data were analysed using SPSS V.20.0 software, and multiple logistic regression analysis was done to determine the predictors of serum calcium and vitamin B12 level among school children. Results Almost all children from both groups had vitamin D deficiency. A higher risk of lower serum vitamin B12 level (OR 2.59, 95% CI 1.61 to 4.16) and calcium level (OR 3.36, 95% CI 1.74 to 6.49) was observed in children of the control group. The difference in the proportion of anaemia in the two study groups was found to be statistically insignificant. Milk consumption was found to be the only significant predictor of normal vitamin B12 and calcium level in the present study. Conclusions In this study, it was concluded that milk consumption may help in improving the calcium and vitamin B12 status of school children of a tribal state, whereas it does not have any significant effect on vitamin D level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandramani Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Sheikh Bhikhari Medical College, Hazaribagh, Jharkhand, India
| | - Rishabh Kumar Rana
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Shaheed Nirmal Mahato Medical College, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India
| | - Mithilesh Kumar
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Anit Kujur
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Vivek Kashyap
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Shashi Bhushan Singh
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Vidya Sagar
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Neelanjali Kumari
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Dewesh Kumar
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
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Craig WJ, Mangels AR, Fresán U, Marsh K, Miles FL, Saunders AV, Haddad EH, Heskey CE, Johnston P, Larson-Meyer E, Orlich M. The Safe and Effective Use of Plant-Based Diets with Guidelines for Health Professionals. Nutrients 2021; 13:4144. [PMID: 34836399 PMCID: PMC8623061 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based diets, defined here as including both vegan and lacto-ovo-vegetarian diets, are growing in popularity throughout the Western world for various reasons, including concerns for human health and the health of the planet. Plant-based diets are more environmentally sustainable than meat-based diets and have a reduced environmental impact, including producing lower levels of greenhouse gas emissions. Dietary guidelines are normally formulated to enhance the health of society, reduce the risk of chronic diseases, and prevent nutritional deficiencies. We reviewed the scientific data on plant-based diets to summarize their preventative and therapeutic role in cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity, and osteoporosis. Consuming plant-based diets is safe and effective for all stages of the life cycle, from pregnancy and lactation, to childhood, to old age. Plant-based diets, which are high in fiber and polyphenolics, are also associated with a diverse gut microbiota, producing metabolites that have anti-inflammatory functions that may help manage disease processes. Concerns about the adequate intake of a number of nutrients, including vitamin B12, calcium, vitamin D, iron, zinc, and omega-3 fats, are discussed. The use of fortified foods and/or supplements as well as appropriate food choices are outlined for each nutrient. Finally, guidelines are suggested for health professionals working with clients consuming plant-based diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston J. Craig
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (F.L.M.); (E.H.H.); (C.E.H.); (P.J.)
| | | | - Ujué Fresán
- eHealth Group, Instituto de Salud Global Barcelona (ISGlobal), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Kate Marsh
- Private Practice, Chatswood, NSW 2067, Australia;
| | - Fayth L. Miles
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (F.L.M.); (E.H.H.); (C.E.H.); (P.J.)
- School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA;
| | - Angela V. Saunders
- Nutrition Insights, Sanitarium Health Food Company, Berkeley Vale, NSW 2261, Australia;
| | - Ella H. Haddad
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (F.L.M.); (E.H.H.); (C.E.H.); (P.J.)
| | - Celine E. Heskey
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (F.L.M.); (E.H.H.); (C.E.H.); (P.J.)
| | - Patricia Johnston
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (F.L.M.); (E.H.H.); (C.E.H.); (P.J.)
| | - Enette Larson-Meyer
- Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Michael Orlich
- School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA;
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Effectiveness of Physical Activity and Finger Millet-Based Food Supplement on Biochemical Parameters and Bone Mineral Density among Premenopausal Women. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:4757991. [PMID: 34707668 PMCID: PMC8545543 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4757991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness of physical activity and finger millet-based food supplement on biochemical parameters and bone mineral density (BMD) among premenopausal women were studied. Serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and BMD of 720 women (30-40 years) were analyzed. From them, 150 women with low BMD (t-score, -1 to -2.5) and low calcium (<9.0 mg/dL) were randomized to control and experimental groups, equally. The experimental group was given 5 days per week physical activity, for 3 months, and a diet supplement of finger millet-based sweet balls (ragi laddu), 3 days per week for 3 months. The above parameters were measured as the posttest. Physical activity was assessed by the General Practice Physical Activity Questionnaire. A 24 h recall assessment was carried out for the diet supplement, and self-reported activity checklist was maintained for physical activity. Among 720 women, 163 (22.6%) showed BMD, t-score < -1.0, and calcium <9.0 mg/dL (p < 0.001). The serum phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase were also low (p < 0.001). After the supplementation to the experimental group, all the biochemical parameters, BMD, and physical activity score showed significant improvement in the posttest (p < 0.001). This study showed significantly low BMD and calcium among premenopausal women. Physical activity and finger millet supplement improved the calcium level and BMD.
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Destefani SA, Kurokawa CS, Rodrigues SA, Corrente JE, Padovani CR, de Paiva SAR, da Silva Mazeto GMF. Is there a relationship between diet quality and bone health in elderly women? A cross-sectional study. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2021; 65:609-616. [PMID: 34591403 PMCID: PMC10528577 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether there is a relationship between diet quality and bone health in a group of elderly Brazilian women. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed with 105 elderly women. Participants were evaluated regarding diet quality (good, needing improvement, and poor) and its relationship with bone mineral density (BMD), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP), and C-telopeptide (CTX). RESULTS Fifty eight participants (55.2%) presented a poor-quality diet and 47 (44.8%) required dietary improvements, while no subjects presented a good quality diet. The group requiring dietary improvements had lower CTX [0.35 (0.05;1.09) vs. 0.52 (0.10;1.45); p = 0.03)] and BSAP (38.7 ± 12.9 U/L vs. 46.10 ± 15.2 U/L; p < 0.01) levels than the poor-quality diet group. Groups did not differ in terms of BMD. CONCLUSION In this group of elderly Brazilian women, there was a relationship between diet quality and bone health, where worse diet quality was associated with higher levels of bone remodelling markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cilmery Suemi Kurokawa
- Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | | | - José Eduardo Corrente
- Departamento de Bioestatística, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Carlos Roberto Padovani
- Departamento de Bioestatística, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Sérgio Alberto Rupp de Paiva
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Botucatu, SP, Brasil
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Rizzoli R, Biver E, Brennan-Speranza TC. Nutritional intake and bone health. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2021; 9:606-621. [PMID: 34242583 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00119-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporotic or fragility fractures affect one in two women and one in five men who are older than 50. These events are associated with substantial morbidity, increased mortality, and an impaired quality of life. Recommended general measures for fragility fracture prevention include a balanced diet with an optimal protein and calcium intake and vitamin D sufficiency, together with regular weight-bearing physical exercise. In this narrative Review, we discuss the role of nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns in maintaining bone health. Much of this information comes from observational studies. Bone mineral density, microstructure-estimated bone strength, and trabecular and cortical microstructure are positively associated with total protein intake. Several studies indicate that fracture risk might be lower with a higher dietary protein intake, provided that the calcium supply is sufficient. Dairy products are a valuable source of these two nutrients. Hip fracture risk appears to be lower in consumers of dairy products, particularly fermented dairy products. Consuming less than five servings per day of fruit and vegetables is associated with a higher hip fracture risk. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet or to a prudent diet is associated with a lower fracture risk. These various nutrients and dietary patterns influence gut microbiota composition or function, or both. The conclusions of this Review emphasise the importance of a balanced diet including minerals, protein, and fruit and vegetables for bone health and in the prevention of fragility fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Rizzoli
- Service of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Emmanuel Biver
- Service of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tara C Brennan-Speranza
- School of Medical Sciences and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Knez M, Stangoulis JCR. Calcium Biofortification of Crops-Challenges and Projected Benefits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:669053. [PMID: 34335646 PMCID: PMC8323714 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.669053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite Calcium (Ca) being an essential nutrient for humans, deficiency of Ca is becoming an ensuing public health problem worldwide. Breeding staple crops with higher Ca concentrations is a sustainable long-term strategy for alleviating Ca deficiency, and particular criteria for a successful breeding initiative need to be in place. This paper discusses current challenges and projected benefits of Ca-biofortified crops. The most important features of Ca nutrition in plants are presented along with explicit recommendations for additional exploration of this important issue. In order for Ca-biofortified crops to be successfully developed, tested, and effectively implemented in most vulnerable populations, further research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Knez
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Palacios C, Cormick G, Hofmeyr GJ, Garcia‐Casal MN, Peña‐Rosas JP, Betrán AP. Calcium-fortified foods in public health programs: considerations for implementation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1485:3-21. [PMID: 32986887 PMCID: PMC7891425 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Low calcium intake is common worldwide and can result in nutritional rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Calcium-fortified foods could improve calcium intake. However, there is limited calcium fortification experience, with technical and practical issues that may hamper its adoption. The objective of this landscape review is to summarize these issues to help policymakers guide the planning and design of calcium fortification as a public health strategy. One challenge is the low bioavailability of calcium salts (∼20-40%); thus, large amounts need to be added to food to have a meaningful impact. Solubility is important when fortifying liquids and acidic foods. Calcium salts could change the flavor, color, and appearance of the food and may account for 70-90% of the total fortification cost. Safety is key to avoid exceeding the recommended intake; so the amount of added calcium should be based on the target calcium intake and the gap between inadequate and adequate levels. Monitoring includes the quality of the fortified food and population calcium intake using dietary assessment methods. Calcium fortification should follow regulations, implemented in an intersectorial way, and be informed by the right to health and equity. This information may help guide and plan this public health strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Palacios
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Stempel School of Public HealthFlorida International UniversityMiamiFlorida
| | - Gabriela Cormick
- Department of Mother and Child Health ResearchInstitute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS‐CONICET)Buenos AiresArgentina
- Departamento de SaludUniversidad Nacional de La MatanzaSan JustoArgentina
| | - G. Justus Hofmeyr
- Universities of the Witwatersrand and Fort HareAliceSouth Africa
- University of BotswanaGaboroneBotswana
| | | | | | - Ana Pilar Betrán
- WHO – UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and ResearchWorld Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland
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Liebe DL, Hall MB, White RR. Contributions of dairy products to environmental impacts and nutritional supplies from United States agriculture. J Dairy Sci 2021; 103:10867-10881. [PMID: 33076178 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Questions regarding the balance between the contribution to human nutrition and the environmental impact of livestock food products rarely evaluate specific species or how to accomplish the recommended depopulation. The objective of this study was to assess current contributions of the US dairy industry to the supply of nutrients and environmental impact, characterize potential impacts of alternative land use for land previously used for crops for dairy cattle, and evaluate the impacts of these approaches on US dairy herd depopulation. We modeled 3 scenarios to reflect different sets of assumptions for how and why to remove dairy cattle from the US food production system coupled with 4 land-use strategies for the potential newly available land previously cropped for dairy feed. Scenarios also differed in assumptions of how to repurpose land previously used to grow grain for dairy cows. The current system provides sufficient fluid milk to meet the annual energy, protein, and calcium requirements of 71.2, 169, and 254 million people, respectively. Vitamins supplied by dairy products also make up a high proportion of total domestic supplies from foods, with dairy providing 39% of the vitamin A, 54% of the vitamin D, 47% of the riboflavin, 57% of the vitamin B12, and 29% of the choline available for human consumption in the United States. Retiring (maintaining animals without milk harvesting) dairy cattle under their current management resulted in no change in absolute greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) relative to the current production system. Both depopulation and retirement to pasture resulted in modest reductions (6.8-12.0%) in GHGE relative to the current agricultural system. Most dairy cow removal scenarios reduced availability of essential micronutrients such as α-linolenic acid, Ca, and vitamins A, D, B12, and choline. Those removal scenarios that did not reduce micronutrient availability also did not improve GHGE relative to the current production system. These results suggest that removal of dairy cattle to reduce GHGE without reducing the supply of the most limiting nutrients to the population would be difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Liebe
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060
| | - M B Hall
- U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center, USDA-ARS, Madison, WI 53706
| | - R R White
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060.
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The Effect of Self-Reported Lactose Intolerance and Dairy Consumption on Bone Mineral Density Among American Hip Arthroplasty Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197182. [PMID: 33008062 PMCID: PMC7579615 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between osteoporosis and lactose intolerance is unclear. This study aims to evaluate the association between self-reported lactose intolerance and symptom severity caused by lactose malabsorption and bone mineral density (BMD). A total of 496 American hip arthroplasty patients took part in this study. Information on BMD and socio-demographic factors were retrospectively extracted from medical records. BMD of the lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck of the operative hip (FNOH), and femoral neck of the non-operative hip (FNH) were measured via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans (DXA). Patients also completed a survey regarding dietary and lifestyle habits from the time of surgery. We found that 9.3% of participants reported lactose intolerance and 33.3%% suffered from either osteopenia or osteoporosis in at least one (location). The population that did not self-identify as lactose intolerant consumed significantly more dairy (p < 0.0001) and animal protein (p = 0.004) than those with intolerance. There was no significant difference in BMD between self-identified lactose intolerant individuals and non-lactose intolerant individuals. In a stepwise multiple regression analysis, body mass index (BMI) and age were the only common predictors of BMD for all locations (p < 0.05). However, yogurt intake was a significant predictor of BMD of FNOH in the multivariate analysis. This study suggests that lactose intolerance is not associated with bone mineral density. We also found that being vegan or vegetarian may increase the risk of low BMD.
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Jacobs ET, Foote JA, Kohler LN, Skiba MB, Thomson CA. Re-examination of dairy as a single commodity in US dietary guidance. Nutr Rev 2020; 78:225-234. [PMID: 31904838 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy products have been a key component of dietary guidance in the United States for more than 100 years. In light of major advances in the understanding of dietary intake and metabolism, the aim of this review was to examine whether dairy should remain a single commodity in federal guidance. Considerations include recognizing that a substantial proportion of the world's adult population (65%-70%) exhibits lactase nonpersistence, a reduced ability to metabolize lactose to glucose and galactose. Shifts in the US population, including a greater proportion of African Americans and Asians, are of key importance because several studies have shown a markedly higher prevalence of lactase nonpersistence and, consequently, a lower dairy intake among these groups. While cow's milk alternatives are available, families who use them will pay up to an additional $1400 per year compared with those who are able to consume dairy products. Dietary guidance also contains downstream effects for government assistance, such as the US Department of Agriculture's National School Lunch Program and School Breakfast Program. For reasons like these, Canada has recently removed dairy as a separate food group in national dietary guidance. The results of the present review suggest that consideration of this modification when developing population-level guidelines in the United States is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth T Jacobs
- E.T. Jacobs, J.A. Foote, L.N. Kohler, M.B. Skiba, and C.A. Thomson are with the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,E.T. Jacobs and C.A. Thomson are with the University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,E.T. Jacobs and C.A. Thomson are with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Janet A Foote
- E.T. Jacobs, J.A. Foote, L.N. Kohler, M.B. Skiba, and C.A. Thomson are with the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,J.A. Foote is with the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona-Phoenix Campus, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Lindsay N Kohler
- E.T. Jacobs, J.A. Foote, L.N. Kohler, M.B. Skiba, and C.A. Thomson are with the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Meghan B Skiba
- E.T. Jacobs, J.A. Foote, L.N. Kohler, M.B. Skiba, and C.A. Thomson are with the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Cynthia A Thomson
- E.T. Jacobs, J.A. Foote, L.N. Kohler, M.B. Skiba, and C.A. Thomson are with the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,E.T. Jacobs and C.A. Thomson are with the University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,E.T. Jacobs and C.A. Thomson are with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Hidayat K, Du X, Shi BM, Qin LQ. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between dairy consumption and the risk of hip fracture: critical interpretation of the currently available evidence. Osteoporos Int 2020; 31:1411-1425. [PMID: 32383066 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05383-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In the present meta-analysis, reductions in the risk of hip fracture with milk consumption were only observed among American adults, but not among Scandinavian adults, possibly because milk products are more commonly fortified with vitamin D in the former population than in Scandinavian countries. The reduction in the risk of hip fracture was also observed with yogurt consumption, which is often associated with healthy lifestyles and dietary patterns that contribute to improved bone health. INTRODUCTION Although dairy products contain bone-beneficial nutrients, the association between dairy consumption and the risk of hip fracture remains equivocal. Fueling this uncertainty, the elevated risk of hip fracture in association with milk consumption was observed in a cohort of Swedish women. A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies was performed to critically evaluate the association, or lack thereof, between dairy consumption (milk, yogurt, and cheese) and the risk of hip fracture. METHODS A random effects model was used to generate the summary relative risks (RRs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations of interest. RESULTS In the meta-analysis of the highest versus lowest category of consumption, higher consumption of yogurt (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.68, 0.90), but not milk (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.73, 1.02) or cheese (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.66, 1.08), was associated with a lower risk of hip fracture. For milk, the reduced risk of fracture with higher milk consumption was observed in the USA (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.65, 0.87), but not in Scandinavian countries (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.85, 1.17). These findings were further supported by the fact that American studies (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.88, 0.98; per 1 glass/day), but not Scandinavian studies (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.95, 1.07; per 1 glass/day), demonstrated a linear association between milk consumption and the risk of hip fracture. CONCLUSIONS The cumulative evidence from prospective cohort studies reassuringly suggests that the risk of hip fracture may not be elevated among people who consume milk, yogurt, and cheese, and that a greater consumption of milk or yogurt may even be associated with a lower risk of hip fracture depending on the factors that may differ across the population of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hidayat
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - X Du
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - B-M Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - L-Q Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Vegetarian and Vegan Weaning of the Infant: How Common and How Evidence-Based? A Population-Based Survey and Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17134835. [PMID: 32635592 PMCID: PMC7370013 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Vegetarian and vegan weaning have increasing popularity among parents and families. However, if not correctly managed, they may lead to wrong feeding regimens, causing severe nutritional deficiencies requiring specific nutritional support or even the need for hospitalization. Aim: To assess the prevalence of vegetarian and vegan weaning among Italian families and to provide an up-to-date narrative review of supporting evidence. Materials and methods: We investigated 360 Italian families using a 40-item questionnaire. The narrative review was conducted searching scientific databases for articles reporting on vegetarian and vegan weaning. Results: 8.6% of mothers follow an alternative feeding regimen and 9.2% of infants were weaned according to a vegetarian or vegan diet. The breastfeeding duration was longer in vegetarian/vegan infants (15.8 vs. 9.7 months; p < 0.0001). Almost half of parents (45.2%) claim that their pediatrician was unable to provide sufficient information and adequate indications regarding unconventional weaning and 77.4% of parents reported the pediatrician’s resistance towards alternative weaning methods. Nine studies were suitable for the review process. The vast majority of authors agree on the fact that vegetarian and vegan weaning may cause severe nutritional deficiencies, whose detrimental effects are particularly significant in the early stages of life. Discussion and conclusion: Our results show that alternative weaning methods are followed by a significant number of families; in half of the cases, the family pediatrician was not perceived as an appropriate guide in this delicate process. To date, consistent findings to support both the safety and feasibility of alternative weaning methods are still lacking. Since the risk of nutritional deficiencies in the early stages of life is high, pediatricians have a pivotal role in guiding parents and advising them on the most appropriate and complete diet regimen during childhood. Efforts should be made to enhance nutritional understanding among pediatricians as an unsupervised vegetarian or vegan diet can cause severe nutritional deficiencies with possible detrimental long-term effects.
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McAlister L, Pugh P, Greenbaum L, Haffner D, Rees L, Anderson C, Desloovere A, Nelms C, Oosterveld M, Paglialonga F, Polderman N, Qizalbash L, Renken-Terhaerdt J, Tuokkola J, Warady B, Walle JV, Shaw V, Shroff R. The dietary management of calcium and phosphate in children with CKD stages 2-5 and on dialysis-clinical practice recommendation from the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce. Pediatr Nephrol 2020; 35:501-518. [PMID: 31667620 PMCID: PMC6969014 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-019-04370-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In children with chronic kidney disease (CKD), optimal control of bone and mineral homeostasis is essential, not only for the prevention of debilitating skeletal complications and achieving adequate growth but also for preventing vascular calcification and cardiovascular disease. Complications of mineral bone disease (MBD) are common and contribute to the high morbidity and mortality seen in children with CKD. Although several studies describe the prevalence of abnormal calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone, and vitamin D levels as well as associated clinical and radiological complications and their medical management, little is known about the dietary requirements and management of calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) in children with CKD. The Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce (PRNT) is an international team of pediatric renal dietitians and pediatric nephrologists, who develop clinical practice recommendations (CPRs) for the nutritional management of various aspects of renal disease management in children. We present CPRs for the dietary intake of Ca and P in children with CKD stages 2-5 and on dialysis (CKD2-5D), describing the common Ca- and P-containing foods, the assessment of dietary Ca and P intake, requirements for Ca and P in healthy children and necessary modifications for children with CKD2-5D, and dietary management of hypo- and hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. The statements have been graded, and statements with a low grade or those that are opinion-based must be carefully considered and adapted to individual patient needs based on the clinical judgment of the treating physician and dietitian. These CPRs will be regularly audited and updated by the PRNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise McAlister
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, and University College London, Institute of Child Health, WC1N 3JH, London, UK
| | - Pearl Pugh
- Nottingham Children's Hospital, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Dieter Haffner
- Children's Hospital, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lesley Rees
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, and University College London, Institute of Child Health, WC1N 3JH, London, UK
| | - Caroline Anderson
- Southampton Children's Hospital, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | | | | | - Michiel Oosterveld
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fabio Paglialonga
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - José Renken-Terhaerdt
- Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jetta Tuokkola
- Children's Hospital and Clinical Nutrition Unit, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Vanessa Shaw
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, and University College London, Institute of Child Health, WC1N 3JH, London, UK
- University of Plymouth and University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Rukshana Shroff
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, and University College London, Institute of Child Health, WC1N 3JH, London, UK.
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Sakkas H, Bozidis P, Touzios C, Kolios D, Athanasiou G, Athanasopoulou E, Gerou I, Gartzonika C. Nutritional Status and the Influence of the Vegan Diet on the Gut Microbiota and Human Health. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2020; 56:E88. [PMID: 32098430 PMCID: PMC7073751 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is considered a well-known complex ecosystem composed of distinct microbial populations, playing a significant role in most aspects of human health and wellness. Several factors such as infant transitions, dietary habits, age, consumption of probiotics and prebiotics, use of antibiotics, intestinal comorbidities, and even metabolic diseases may continously alter microbiota diversity and function. The study of vegan diet-microbiota interactions is a rapidly evolving field, since plenty of research has been focused on the potential effects of plant-based dietary patterns on the human gut microbiota. It has been reported that well-planned vegan diets and their associated components affect both the bacterial composition and metabolic pathways of gut microbiota. Certain benefits associated with medical disorders but also limitations (including nutritional deficiencies) have been documented. Although the vegan diet may be inadequate in calorific value, it is rich in dietary fiber, polyphenols, and antioxidant vitamins. The aim of the present study was to provide an update of the existing knowledge on nutritional status of vegan diets and the influence of their food components on the human gut microbiota and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hercules Sakkas
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (P.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Petros Bozidis
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (P.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Christos Touzios
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.T.); (D.K.); (G.A.); (E.A.); (I.G.)
| | - Damianos Kolios
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.T.); (D.K.); (G.A.); (E.A.); (I.G.)
| | - Georgia Athanasiou
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.T.); (D.K.); (G.A.); (E.A.); (I.G.)
| | - Eirini Athanasopoulou
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.T.); (D.K.); (G.A.); (E.A.); (I.G.)
| | - Ioanna Gerou
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.T.); (D.K.); (G.A.); (E.A.); (I.G.)
| | - Constantina Gartzonika
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (P.B.); (C.G.)
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Alcântara ACS, Assis I, Prada D, Mehle K, Schwan S, Costa-Paiva L, Skaf MS, Wrobel LC, Sollero P. Patient-Specific Bone Multiscale Modelling, Fracture Simulation and Risk Analysis-A Survey. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 13:E106. [PMID: 31878356 PMCID: PMC6981613 DOI: 10.3390/ma13010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a starting point for researchers and practitioners from biology, medicine, physics and engineering who can benefit from an up-to-date literature survey on patient-specific bone fracture modelling, simulation and risk analysis. This survey hints at a framework for devising realistic patient-specific bone fracture simulations. This paper has 18 sections: Section 1 presents the main interested parties; Section 2 explains the organzation of the text; Section 3 motivates further work on patient-specific bone fracture simulation; Section 4 motivates this survey; Section 5 concerns the collection of bibliographical references; Section 6 motivates the physico-mathematical approach to bone fracture; Section 7 presents the modelling of bone as a continuum; Section 8 categorizes the surveyed literature into a continuum mechanics framework; Section 9 concerns the computational modelling of bone geometry; Section 10 concerns the estimation of bone mechanical properties; Section 11 concerns the selection of boundary conditions representative of bone trauma; Section 12 concerns bone fracture simulation; Section 13 presents the multiscale structure of bone; Section 14 concerns the multiscale mathematical modelling of bone; Section 15 concerns the experimental validation of bone fracture simulations; Section 16 concerns bone fracture risk assessment. Lastly, glossaries for symbols, acronyms, and physico-mathematical terms are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amadeus C. S. Alcântara
- Department of Computational Mechanics, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-860, Brazil; (A.C.S.A.); (D.P.)
| | - Israel Assis
- Department of Integrated Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-860, Brazil;
| | - Daniel Prada
- Department of Computational Mechanics, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-860, Brazil; (A.C.S.A.); (D.P.)
| | - Konrad Mehle
- Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Merseburg, 06217 Merseburg, Germany;
| | - Stefan Schwan
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany;
| | - Lúcia Costa-Paiva
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-887, Brazil;
| | - Munir S. Skaf
- Institute of Chemistry and Center for Computing in Engineering and Sciences, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-860, Brazil;
| | - Luiz C. Wrobel
- Institute of Materials and Manufacturing, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK;
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22451-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sollero
- Department of Computational Mechanics, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-860, Brazil; (A.C.S.A.); (D.P.)
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Stecker RA, Harty PS, Jagim AR, Candow DG, Kerksick CM. Timing of ergogenic aids and micronutrients on muscle and exercise performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2019; 16:37. [PMID: 31477133 PMCID: PMC6721335 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-019-0304-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The timing of macronutrient ingestion in relation to exercise is a purported strategy to augment muscle accretion, muscle and athletic performance, and recovery. To date, the majority of macronutrient nutrient timing research has focused on carbohydrate and protein intake. However, emerging research suggests that the strategic ingestion of various ergogenic aids and micronutrients may also have beneficial effects. Therefore, the purpose of this narrative review is to critically evaluate and summarize the available literature examining the timing of ergogenic aids (caffeine, creatine, nitrates, sodium bicarbonate, beta-alanine) and micronutrients (iron, calcium) on muscle adaptations and exercise performance. In summary, preliminary data is available to indicate the timing of caffeine, nitrates, and creatine monohydrate may impact outcomes such as exercise performance, strength gains and other exercise training adaptations. Furthermore, data is available to suggest that timing the administration of beta-alanine and sodium bicarbonate may help to minimize known untoward adverse events while maintaining potential ergogenic outcomes. Finally, limited data indicates that timed ingestion of calcium and iron may help with the uptake and metabolism of these nutrients. While encouraging, much more research is needed to better understand how timed administration of these nutrients and others may impact performance, health, or other exercise training outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Stecker
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO 63301 USA
| | - Patrick S. Harty
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO 63301 USA
| | - Andrew R. Jagim
- Human Performance Lab, Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Onalaska, WI USA
| | - Darren G. Candow
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2 Canada
| | - Chad M. Kerksick
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO 63301 USA
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Veronese N, Reginster JY. The effects of calorie restriction, intermittent fasting and vegetarian diets on bone health. Aging Clin Exp Res 2019; 31:753-758. [PMID: 30903600 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01174-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Uncountable health care organizations, clinicians, and individuals are striving to prevent obesity and the many chronic medical conditions linked to it by advocating a healthy lifestyle that includes measures such as reducing dietary calorie intake (i.e., calorie restriction = CR and intermittent fasting = IF) or limiting/abolishing animal source foods (i.e., practices termed vegetarianism and veganism). Although these regimens are traditionally considered healthy, their real impact on bone health has yet to be established, and some studies have reported that they have negative effects on bone outcomes. The current work provides an overview of the studies carried out to examine the effect/s of CR, IF and vegetarian/vegan diets on bone health, and, in particular, on bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk. Although data on this subject are limited to small studies and there is no information specifically referring to fractures, CR, but not IF, seems to reduce BMD but does not seem to affect bone quality. Vegetarian diets (particularly vegan ones) are associated with significantly lower BMD values with respect to omnivorous ones and could, potentially, increase the risk of fractures. Given these considerations, individuals who decide to follow these diets should be aware of the risk of osteoporosis and of bone fractures and should introduce dietary sources of calcium and Vitamin D and/or supplementation. Future studies examining fracture/osteoporosis incidence in selected populations will be able expand our knowledge about the safety of these diets and the risks linked to them.
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Fayet-Moore F, Cassettari T, McConnell A, Kim J, Petocz P. Australian children and adolescents who were drinkers of plain and flavored milk had the highest intakes of milk, total dairy, and calcium. Nutr Res 2019; 66:68-81. [PMID: 30979662 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Dairy is important for children and adolescents' bone development and nutritional needs, and it is not known how the type of milk consumed relates to overall dietary intakes. This study assessed the hypothesis that Australian children and adolescents who drink milk have greater milk, dairy, and micronutrient intakes compared to those who consume milk in other ways or avoid milk. A secondary analysis using day 1 data from the 2011-2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey was performed (n = 2812, 2-18 years). Children were classified as plain or flavored milk drinkers, other milk drinkers (eg, smoothies, milkshakes), nondrinkers of milk (eg. on cereal), or milk avoiders. Intakes of total dairy, milk, calcium, free sugars, and sugar-sweetened beverages were determined and adjusted for confounders. Milk consumption was popular (81%), and the majority (63%) of milk consumers were drinkers, and of those, 46% were plain, 32% were flavored, and 21% were other milk drinkers. Flavored and plain milk drinkers had higher total daily milk (480, 95% confidence interval [CI] 459-501 and 445, 95% CI 427-462 g, respectively), dairy (2.8, 95% CI 2.7-2.9 and 2.6, 95% CI 2.5-2.7 servings, respectively), and calcium (1049 ± 18 and 980 ± 15 mg, respectively) intakes than all other groups. Plain milk drinkers (10.7%, SD 6.2%) had a lower proportion of daily energy from free sugars than all other groups, but there was no difference in free sugars intake between plain and flavored milk drinkers, and there were no differences in anthropometric measures across groups. Plain and flavored milk drinkers and nondrinkers of milk had the lowest prevalence of sugar-sweetened beverages intake (P < .001). Plain milk drinkers followed by flavored milk drinkers had the most favorable milk, dairy, and nutrient intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Fayet-Moore
- Nutrition Research Australia, Level 13 167 Macquarie St, Sydney, New South Wales 2000, Australia.
| | - Tim Cassettari
- Nutrition Research Australia, Level 13 167 Macquarie St, Sydney, New South Wales 2000, Australia.
| | - Andrew McConnell
- Nutrition Research Australia, Level 13 167 Macquarie St, Sydney, New South Wales 2000, Australia.
| | - Jean Kim
- Nestlé Australia Ltd, 1 Homebush Bay Dr, Rhodes, New South Wales 2138.
| | - Peter Petocz
- Department of Statistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia.
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Keum N, Liu L, Hamada T, Qian ZR, Nowak JA, Cao Y, da Silva A, Kosumi K, Song M, Nevo D, Wang M, Chan AT, Meyerhardt JA, Fuchs CS, Wu K, Ogino S, Nishihara R, Zhang X. Calcium intake and colon cancer risk subtypes by tumor molecular characteristics. Cancer Causes Control 2019; 30:637-649. [PMID: 30963391 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-019-01165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A preventive potential of high calcium intake against colorectal cancer has been indicated for distal colon cancer, which is inversely associated with high-level CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), high-level microsatellite instability (MSI), and BRAF and PIK3CA mutations. In addition, BRAF mutation is strongly inversely correlated with KRAS mutation. We hypothesized that the association between calcium intake and colon cancer risk might vary by these molecular features. METHODS We prospectively followed 88,506 women from the Nurses' Health Study and 47,733 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study for up to 30 years. Duplication-method Cox proportional cause-specific hazards regression was used to estimate multivariable hazard ratios (HRs), and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the associations between calcium intake and the risk of colon cancer subtypes. By Bonferroni correction, the α-level was adjusted to 0.01. RESULTS Based on 853 colon cancer cases, the inverse association between dietary calcium intake and colon cancer risk differed by CIMP status (pheterogeneity = 0.01). Per each 300 mg/day increase in intake, multivariable HRs were 0.84 (95% CI 0.76-0.94) for CIMP-negative/low and 1.12 (95% CI 0.93-1.34) for CIMP-high. Similar differential associations were suggested for MSI subtypes (pheterogeneity = 0.02), with the corresponding HR being 0.86 (95% CI 0.77-0.95) for non-MSI-high and 1.10 (95% CI 0.92-1.32) for MSI-high. No differential associations were observed by BRAF, KRAS, or PIK3CA mutations. CONCLUSION The inverse association between dietary calcium intake and colon cancer risk may be specific to CIMP-negative/low and possibly non-MSI-high subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- NaNa Keum
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Building 2, 3rd Floor, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea.
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Building 2, 3rd Floor, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhi Rong Qian
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yin Cao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Annacarolina da Silva
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keisuke Kosumi
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Building 2, 3rd Floor, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Nevo
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Molin Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Building 2, 3rd Floor, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Building 2, 3rd Floor, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Building 2, 3rd Floor, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Ferrão AC, Guiné RP, Correia PM. Study of Consumer Acceptance About the Possible Commercialization of a Cheese with Berries. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401313666170707103933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Nowadays, consumers are more concerned about the issues related to the
maintenance and promotion of health, trying to combine the pleasure in the consumption of certain
foods with health benefits. Therefore, there has been an increase in the marketing of functional foods.
</P><P>
Objective: The present study was carried out in order to explore the consumers’ acceptance regarding
the possibility of introducing in the market a new dairy product with functional properties, namely a
cheese with berries.
</P><P>
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on a non-probabilistic sample of 335
adult participants. The questionnaires were applied online after informed consent only to adults (aged
18 or over) and the data were collected from August 2016 to March 2017 among the Portuguese population.
</P><P>
Results: The results obtained showed that approximately 92% of the participants consumed cheese of
any type regularly and 50% consumed cheese two or three times per week. Most of the participants
(~62%) revealed that they did not consume any type of cheese with additional benefits. Nevertheless,
they indicated that they might be potential consumers of a cheese with berries (~73%) and would like
the product to have the ability to improve cardiovascular health (~73%) and have high antioxidant capacity
(~51%). The participants involved considered important the addition of ingredients such as
blackberry, raspberry, gooseberry, blueberry, strawberry or cherry, and suggested that all the ingredients
tested might combine well with cheese.
</P><P>
Conclusion: This work showed that the introduction in the market of this new dairy product, a cheese
with berries, might be a successful strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Ferrão
- CI&DETS Research Centre and Department of Food Industry, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Portugal
| | - Raquel P.F. Guiné
- CI&DETS Research Centre and Department of Food Industry, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Portugal
| | - Paula M.R. Correia
- CI&DETS Research Centre and Department of Food Industry, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Portugal
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The Effects of Vegetarian and Vegan Diet during Pregnancy on the Health of Mothers and Offspring. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030557. [PMID: 30845641 PMCID: PMC6470702 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetarian and vegan diets have increased worldwide in the last decades, according to the knowledge that they might prevent coronary heart disease, cancer, and type 2 diabetes. Althought plant-based diets are at risk of nutritional deficiencies such as proteins, iron, vitamin D, calcium, iodine, omega-3, and vitamin B12, the available evidence shows that well planned vegetarian and vegan diets may be considered safe during pregnancy and lactation, but they require a strong awareness for a balanced intake of key nutrients. A review of the scientific literature in this field was performed, focusing specifically on observational studies in humans, in order to investigate protective effects elicited by maternal diets enriched in plant-derived foods and possible unfavorable outcomes related to micronutrients deficiencies and their impact on fetal development. A design of pregestational nutrition intervention is required in order to avoid maternal undernutrition and consequent impaired fetal growth.
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Liu HW, Chen CY. Ovo-lactovegetarian diet as a possible protective factor against gallbladder polyps in Taiwan: A cross-sectional study. Tzu Chi Med J 2019; 31:29-34. [PMID: 30692829 PMCID: PMC6334569 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_16_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Gallbladder polyps (GBPs) are an increasingly common incidental finding and 3% to 8% of GBPs become malignant. A poor prognosis is expected in patients with gallbladder cancer. No studies have considered the relationship between diet and the development of GBPs in the Taiwanese population. The objective of this study was to investigate whether a vegetarian diet protects against GBP development. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study included 11,717 individuals who received a health checkup at Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital (New Taipei City, Taiwan) between October 2011 and October 2016. All individuals completed questionnaires that collected data about their characteristics, dietary patterns, and lifestyle. Physical examinations were conducted, and blood chemistry tests were performed. The presence of GBPs was determined using ultrasonography. We subsequently evaluated the association between diet and GBP prevalence using multivariate analysis. Results The prevalence of GBPs for the entire group was 8.3%. GBPs were significantly less common in the vegetarian groups (vegans 9.0%, ovo-lacto vegetarians 7.5%, and semi-vegetarians 7.2%) compared with the omnivore group (9.6%) (P = 0.002). Step-wise logistic regression revealed that an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet was a possible protective factor (odds ratio = 0.83, P = 0.015). Conclusions The study findings showed a strong negative association between an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet and GBP occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wen Liu
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
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Mangano KM, Noel SE, Sahni S, Tucker KL. Higher Dairy Intakes Are Associated with Higher Bone Mineral Density among Adults with Sufficient Vitamin D Status: Results from the Boston Puerto Rican Osteoporosis Study. J Nutr 2019; 149:139-148. [PMID: 30601986 PMCID: PMC6501051 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dairy foods have been shown to improve bone mineral density (BMD) in non-Hispanic whites. Puerto Rican adults have a higher prevalence of osteoporosis and vitamin D deficiency than non-Hispanic whites. However, there is little understanding of lifestyle influences on bone in this population. Objective The aim of this study was to examine associations of dairy intakes with BMD among adults from the Boston Puerto Rican Osteoporosis Study with and without adequate serum vitamin D status. Methods A total of 904 participants in this cross-sectional analysis provided dietary intakes with a culturally tailored food-frequency questionnaire. Dairy food groups were calculated [total dairy, modified dairy (without cream or dairy desserts), fluid dairy (milk + yogurt), cheese, yogurt, and cream and desserts]. BMD (grams per centimeter squared) was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Vitamin D status was defined as sufficient (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] ≥20 ng/mL) or insufficient (<20 ng/mL). General linear models were used to examine associations between dairy intake and BMD, stratified by vitamin D status. Results Of the total sample, 73% were women, of whom 87% were postmenopausal. Mean ± SD age was 60.0 ± 7.6 y and mean ± SD body mass index (kg/m2) was 32.3 ± 6.6. Mean serum 25(OH)D (range: 4-48 ng/mL) was 14.3 ± 3.6 ng/mL in insufficient individuals and 26.0 ± 5.5 ng/mL in sufficient individuals. In the full sample, higher intakes of modified dairy foods (β = 0.0015, P = 0.02) and milk (β = 0.0018, P = 0.04) were associated with higher femoral neck (FN) BMD. Among those who were vitamin D sufficient, higher intakes of total dairy (P = 0.03-0.07), fluid dairy (P = 0.01-0.05), and milk (P = 0.02-0.09) were significantly related to higher FN and lumbar spine BMD, respectively. Among vitamin D-insufficient participants, dairy intakes were not associated with BMD (P-range = 0.11-0.94). Conclusions Dairy food intakes were associated with higher BMD among adults, particularly those with sufficient vitamin D status. Future studies should confirm findings longitudinally and assess culturally acceptable lifestyle interventions to improve bone health among Hispanic adults. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01231958.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M Mangano
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts–Lowell, Lowell, MA
| | - Sabrina E Noel
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts–Lowell, Lowell, MA
| | - Shivani Sahni
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Katherine L Tucker
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts–Lowell, Lowell, MA
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Janve M, Singhal RS. Fortification of puffed rice extrudates and rice noodles with different calcium salts: Physicochemical properties and calcium bioaccessibility. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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48
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Sicherheit und Risiken vegetarischer und veganer Ernährung in Schwangerschaft, Stillzeit und den ersten Lebensjahren. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-018-0554-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Hameed A, Zaidi SSEA, Shakir S, Mansoor S. Applications of New Breeding Technologies for Potato Improvement. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:925. [PMID: 30008733 PMCID: PMC6034203 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The first decade of genetic engineering primarily focused on quantitative crop improvement. With the advances in technology, the focus of agricultural biotechnology has shifted toward both quantitative and qualitative crop improvement, to deal with the challenges of food security and nutrition. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a solanaceous food crop having potential to feed the populating world. It can provide more carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, and vitamins per unit area of land as compared to other potential food crops, and is the major staple food in many developing countries. These aspects have driven the scientific attention to engineer potato for nutrition improvement, keeping the yield unaffected. Several studies have shown the improved nutritional value of potato tubers, for example by enhancing Amaranth Albumin-1 seed protein content, vitamin C content, β-carotene level, triacylglycerol, tuber methionine content, and amylose content, etc. Removal of anti-nutritional compounds like steroidal glycoalkaloids, acrylamide and food toxins is another research priority for scientists and breeders to improve potato tuber quality. Trait improvement using genetic engineering mostly involved the generation of transgenic products. The commercialization of these engineered products has been a challenge due to consumer preference and regulatory/ethical restrictions. In this context, new breeding technolgies like TALEN (transcription activator-like effector nucleases) and CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated 9) have been employed to generate transgene-free products in a more precise, prompt and effective way. Moreover, the availability of potato genome sequence and efficient potato transformation systems have remarkably facilitated potato genetic engineering. Here we summarize the potato trait improvement and potential application of new breeding technologies (NBTs) to genetically improve the overall agronomic profile of potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hameed
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Shan-e-Ali Zaidi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sara Shakir
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mansoor
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Luengo RDFA, Butruille NMDS, Melo RADCE, Silva JD, Maldonade IR, Costa Júnior AD. Determinação de minerais no solo e análise de folhas de couve produzida em Brasília. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.14117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Resumo A couve de folhas é um alimento com alto teor de vitaminas e minerais, que são fundamentais para a dieta humana. Contudo, informações sobre a influência dos fatores extrínsecos e intrínsecos, durante o seu cultivo, em sua composição são escassas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar os seguintes minerais em folhas de couves produzidas no Distrito Federal (DF): cálcio, magnésio, potássio, fósforo, zinco, manganês, sódio e ferro, correlacionando os teores verificados com os teores presentes no solo. As amostras de folhas e solo foram coletadas em 16 diferentes propriedades rurais no DF, quando também foram aplicados questionários aos produtores sobre as práticas culturais adotadas durante a produção. Os resultados obtidos de teores médios foliares (base em folhas frescas) por 100 g de alimento foram: cálcio, 222,8 mg; ferro, 1,3 mg; magnésio, 37,6 mg, e zinco, 0,6 mg. Esta composição atende a 28% das necessidades diárias de cálcio em crianças de 4 a 8 anos, sendo também supridos 13% de ferro, 29% de magnésio e 13% de zinco, com base no consumo de 100 g de folhas frescas de couve. Foi verificada correlação negativa para teores de magnésio no solo e na folha, com R = -0,69. Para os outros minerais analisados não se verificou correlação significativa. O conteúdo de fósforo e de potássio nos solos foi considerado alto, enquanto que, contrariamente, foram determinadas concentrações baixas de teores de magnésio. O teor de micronutrientes na couve foi considerado baixo e aventa para um manejo inadequado da adubação, fator corroborado pelas respostas dos questionários sobre práticas culturais. Práticas de manejo que levam ao equilíbrio de nutrientes no solo refletem diretamente na interação solo-planta. Recomendações regionais atualizadas de adubação e correção dos solos poderiam auxiliar agricultores e técnicos, refletindo diretamente na obtenção de teores mais equilibrados de micro e macronutrientes em alimentos de origem vegetal.
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