1
|
Wang H, Lin J, Fan S, Zhang X, Zhou T, Luo R, Zhang C, Zhang S, Yang Q, Hu R. Choline consumption reduces CVD risk via body composition modification. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16152. [PMID: 38997295 PMCID: PMC11245612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research on the relationship between choline and cardiovascular disease (CVD), conflicting findings have been reported. We aim to investigate the relationship between choline and CVD. Our analysis screened a retrospective cohort study of 14,663 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2013 and 2018. Propensity score matching and restricted cubic splines was used to access the association between choline intake and the risk of CVD. A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to examine the potential causality. Additionally, sets of single cell RNA-sequencing data were extracted and analyzed, in order to explore the role of choline metabolism pathway in the progression and severity of the CVD and the underlying potential mechanisms involved. The adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for stroke were 0.72 (0.53-0.98; p = 0.035) for quartile 3 and 0.54 (0.39-0.75; p < 0.001) for quartile 4. A stratified analysis revealed that the relationship between choline intake and stroke varied among different body mass index and waist circumference groups. The results of MR analysis showed that choline and phosphatidylcholine had a predominantly negative causal effect on fat percentage, fat mass, and fat-free mass, while glycine had opposite effects. Results from bioinformatics analysis revealed that alterations in the choline metabolism pathway following stroke may be associated with the prognosis. Our study indicated that the consumption of an appropriate quantity of choline in the diet may help to protect against CVD and the effect may be choline-mediated, resulting in a healthier body composition. Furthermore, the regulation of the choline metabolism pathway following stroke may be a promising therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haomiao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jinxin Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shitao Fan
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xuyang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Tengyuan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ran Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shuixian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qingwu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sfakianoudis K, Zikopoulos A, Grigoriadis S, Seretis N, Maziotis E, Anifandis G, Xystra P, Kostoulas C, Giougli U, Pantos K, Simopoulou M, Georgiou I. The Role of One-Carbon Metabolism and Methyl Donors in Medically Assisted Reproduction: A Narrative Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4977. [PMID: 38732193 PMCID: PMC11084717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
One-carbon (1-C) metabolic deficiency impairs homeostasis, driving disease development, including infertility. It is of importance to summarize the current evidence regarding the clinical utility of 1-C metabolism-related biomolecules and methyl donors, namely, folate, betaine, choline, vitamin B12, homocysteine (Hcy), and zinc, as potential biomarkers, dietary supplements, and culture media supplements in the context of medically assisted reproduction (MAR). A narrative review of the literature was conducted in the PubMed/Medline database. Diet, ageing, and the endocrine milieu of individuals affect both 1-C metabolism and fertility status. In vitro fertilization (IVF) techniques, and culture conditions in particular, have a direct impact on 1-C metabolic activity in gametes and embryos. Critical analysis indicated that zinc supplementation in cryopreservation media may be a promising approach to reducing oxidative damage, while female serum homocysteine levels may be employed as a possible biomarker for predicting IVF outcomes. Nonetheless, the level of evidence is low, and future studies are needed to verify these data. One-carbon metabolism-related processes, including redox defense and epigenetic regulation, may be compromised in IVF-derived embryos. The study of 1-C metabolism may lead the way towards improving MAR efficiency and safety and ensuring the lifelong health of MAR infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Sfakianoudis
- Centre for Human Reproduction, Genesis Athens Clinic, 14-16, Papanikoli, 15232 Athens, Greece; (K.S.); (K.P.)
| | - Athanasios Zikopoulos
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.Z.); (N.S.); (C.K.); (U.G.); (I.G.)
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Treliske, Truro TR1 3LJ, UK
| | - Sokratis Grigoriadis
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.G.); (E.M.); (P.X.)
| | - Nikolaos Seretis
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.Z.); (N.S.); (C.K.); (U.G.); (I.G.)
| | - Evangelos Maziotis
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.G.); (E.M.); (P.X.)
| | - George Anifandis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larisa, Greece;
| | - Paraskevi Xystra
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.G.); (E.M.); (P.X.)
| | - Charilaos Kostoulas
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.Z.); (N.S.); (C.K.); (U.G.); (I.G.)
| | - Urania Giougli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.Z.); (N.S.); (C.K.); (U.G.); (I.G.)
| | - Konstantinos Pantos
- Centre for Human Reproduction, Genesis Athens Clinic, 14-16, Papanikoli, 15232 Athens, Greece; (K.S.); (K.P.)
| | - Mara Simopoulou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.G.); (E.M.); (P.X.)
| | - Ioannis Georgiou
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.Z.); (N.S.); (C.K.); (U.G.); (I.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stråvik M, Hartvigsson O, Noerman S, Sandin A, Wold AE, Barman M, Sandberg AS. Biomarker Candidates of Habitual Food Intake in a Swedish Cohort of Pregnant and Lactating Women and Their Infants. Metabolites 2024; 14:256. [PMID: 38786733 PMCID: PMC11123206 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14050256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Circulating food metabolites could improve dietary assessments by complementing traditional methods. Here, biomarker candidates of food intake were identified in plasma samples from pregnancy (gestational week 29, N = 579), delivery (mothers, N = 532; infants, N = 348), and four months postpartum (mothers, N = 477; breastfed infants, N = 193) and associated to food intake assessed with semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires. Families from the Swedish birth cohort Nutritional impact on Immunological maturation during Childhood in relation to the Environment (NICE) were included. Samples were analyzed using untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics. Both exposure and outcome were standardized, and relationships were investigated using a linear regression analysis. The intake of fruits and berries and fruit juice were both positively related to proline betaine levels during pregnancy (fruits and berries, β = 0.23, FDR < 0.001; fruit juice, β = 0.27, FDR < 0.001), at delivery (fruit juice, infants: β = 0.19, FDR = 0.028), and postpartum (fruits and berries, mothers: β = 0.27, FDR < 0.001, infants: β = 0.29, FDR < 0.001; fruit juice, mothers: β = 0.37, FDR < 0.001). Lutein levels were positively related to vegetable intake during pregnancy (β = 0.23, FDR < 0.001) and delivery (mothers: β = 0.24, FDR < 0.001; newborns: β = 0.18, FDR = 0.014) and CMPF with fatty fish intake postpartum (mothers: β = 0.20, FDR < 0.001). No clear relationships were observed with the expected food sources of the remaining metabolites (acetylcarnitine, choline, indole-3-lactic acid, pipecolic acid). Our study suggests that plasma lutein could be useful as a more general food group intake biomarker for vegetables and fruits during pregnancy and delivery. Also, our results suggest the application of proline betaine as an intake biomarker of citrus fruit during gestation and lactation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mia Stråvik
- Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden (A.-S.S.)
| | - Olle Hartvigsson
- Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden (A.-S.S.)
| | - Stefania Noerman
- Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden (A.-S.S.)
| | - Anna Sandin
- Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Science, Sunderby Research Unit, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Agnes E. Wold
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Barman
- Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden (A.-S.S.)
| | - Ann-Sofie Sandberg
- Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden (A.-S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Socha MW, Flis W, Wartęga M. Epigenetic Genome Modifications during Pregnancy: The Impact of Essential Nutritional Supplements on DNA Methylation. Nutrients 2024; 16:678. [PMID: 38474806 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is an extremely stressful period in a pregnant woman's life. Currently, women's awareness of the proper course of pregnancy and its possible complications is constantly growing. Therefore, a significant percentage of women increasingly reach for various dietary supplements during gestation. Some of the most popular substances included in multi-ingredient supplements are folic acid and choline. Those substances are associated with positive effects on fetal intrauterine development and fewer possible pregnancy-associated complications. Recently, more and more attention has been paid to the impacts of specific environmental factors, such as diet, stress, physical activity, etc., on epigenetic modifications, understood as changes occurring in gene expression without the direct alteration of DNA sequences. Substances such as folic acid and choline may participate in epigenetic modifications by acting via a one-carbon cycle, leading to the methyl-group donor formation. Those nutrients may indirectly impact genome phenotype by influencing the process of DNA methylation. This review article presents the current state of knowledge on the use of folic acid and choline supplementation during pregnancy, taking into account their impacts on the maternal-fetal unit and possible pregnancy outcomes, and determining possible mechanisms of action, with particular emphasis on their possible impacts on epigenetic modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej W Socha
- Department of Perinatology, Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Łukasiewicza 1, 85-821 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Adalbert's Hospital in Gdańsk, Copernicus Healthcare Entity, Jana Pawła II 50, 80-462 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Flis
- Department of Perinatology, Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Łukasiewicza 1, 85-821 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Adalbert's Hospital in Gdańsk, Copernicus Healthcare Entity, Jana Pawła II 50, 80-462 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wartęga
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Obeid R, Karlsson T. Choline - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2023; 67:10359. [PMID: 38187796 PMCID: PMC10770654 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v67.10359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Choline is an essential nutrient with metabolic roles as a methyl donor in one carbon metabolism and as a precursor for membrane phospholipids and the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Choline content is particularly high in liver, eggs, and wheat germ, although it is present in a variety of foods. The main dietary sources of choline in the Nordic and Baltic countries are meat, dairy, eggs, and grain. A diet that is devoid of choline causes liver and muscle dysfunction within 3 weeks. Choline requirements are higher during pregnancy and lactation than in non-pregnant women. Although no randomized controlled trials are available, observational studies in human, supported by coherence from interventional studies with neurodevelopmental outcomes and experimental studies in animals, strongly suggest that sufficient intake of choline during pregnancy is necessary for normal brain development and function in the child. Observational studies suggested that adequate intake of choline could have positive effects on cognitive function in older people. However, prospective data are lacking, and no intervention studies are available in the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rima Obeid
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of the Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Therese Karlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gillies NA, Milan AM, Cameron-Smith D, Mumme KD, Conlon CA, von Hurst PR, Haskell-Ramsay CF, Jones B, Roy NC, Coad J, Wall CR, Beck KL. Vitamin B and One-Carbon Metabolite Profiles Show Divergent Associations with Cardiometabolic Risk Markers but not Cognitive Function in Older New Zealand Adults: A Secondary Analysis of the REACH Study. J Nutr 2023; 153:3529-3542. [PMID: 37863266 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin B inadequacies and elevated homocysteine status have been associated with impaired cognitive and cardiometabolic health with aging. There is, however, a scarcity of research investigating integrated profiles of one-carbon (1C) metabolites in this context, including metabolites of interconnected folate, methionine, choline oxidation, and transsulfuration pathways. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to examine associations between vitamins B and 1C metabolites with cardiometabolic health and cognitive function in healthy older adults, including the interactive effects of Apolipoprotein E-ε4 status. METHODS Three hundred and thirteen healthy participants (65-74 y, 65% female) were analyzed. Vitamins B were estimated according to dietary intake (4-d food records) and biochemical status (serum folate and vitamin B12). Fasting plasma 1C metabolites were quantified by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Measures of cardiometabolic health included biochemical (lipid panel, blood glucose) and anthropometric markers. Cognitive function was assessed by the Computerized Mental Performance Assessment System (COMPASS) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Associations were analyzed using multivariate linear (COMPASS, cardiometabolic health) and Poisson (MoCA) regression modeling. RESULTS Over 90% of participants met dietary recommendations for riboflavin and vitamins B6 and B12, but only 78% of males and 67% of females achieved adequate folate intakes. Higher serum folate and plasma betaine and glycine concentrations were associated with favorable cardiometabolic markers, whereas higher plasma choline and homocysteine concentrations were associated with greater cardiometabolic risk based on body mass index and serum lipids concentration values (P< 0.05). Vitamins B and homocysteine were not associated with cognitive performance in this cohort, though higher glycine concentrations were associated with better global cognitive performance (P = 0.017), episodic memory (P = 0.016), and spatial memory (P = 0.027) scores. Apolipoprotein E-ε4 status did not modify the relationship between vitamins B or 1C metabolites with cognitive function in linear regression analyses. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin B and 1C metabolite profiles showed divergent associations with cardiometabolic risk markers and limited associations with cognitive performance in this cohort of healthy older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola A Gillies
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; The Riddet Institute, New Zealand
| | - Amber M Milan
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, New Zealand; AgResearch Ltd, Grasslands Research Centre, New Zealand
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; The Riddet Institute, New Zealand; School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karen D Mumme
- School of Sport Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, New Zealand
| | - Cathryn A Conlon
- School of Sport Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Beatrix Jones
- Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, New Zealand; The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, New Zealand
| | - Nicole C Roy
- The Riddet Institute, New Zealand; The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, New Zealand; Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Jane Coad
- College of Sciences, Massey University, New Zealand
| | - Clare R Wall
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kathryn L Beck
- School of Sport Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Steiner JD, Annibal A, Laboy R, Braumann M, Göbel H, Laasch V, Müller RU, Späth MR, Antebi A, Kubacki T. A novel TNFRSF1A mutation associated with TNF-receptor-associated periodic syndrome and its metabolic signature. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:3459-3468. [PMID: 36752501 PMCID: PMC10547530 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We describe a family with a novel mutation in the TNF Receptor Superfamily Member 1A (TNFRSF1A) gene causing TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) with renal AA amyloidosis. METHODS Case series of affected family members. We further investigated the plasma metabolome of these patients in comparison with healthy controls using mass spectrometry. RESULTS In all symptomatic family members, we detected the previously undescribed variant c.332A>G (p.Q111R) in the TNFRSF1A gene. Canakinumab proved an effective treatment option leading to remission in all treated patients. One patient with suspected renal amyloidosis showed near normalization of proteinuria under treatment. Analysis of the metabolome revealed 31 metabolic compounds to be upregulated and 35 compounds to be downregulated compared with healthy controls. The most dysregulated metabolites belonged to pathways identified as arginine biosynthesis, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, and cysteine and methionine metabolism. Interestingly, the metabolic changes observed in all three TRAPS patients seemed independent of treatment with canakinumab and subsequent remission. CONCLUSION We present a novel mutation in the TNFRSF1A gene associated with amyloidosis. Canakinumab is an effective treatment for individuals with this new likely pathogenic variant. Alterations in the metabolome were most prominent in the pathways related to arginine biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism, and metabolism of cysteine and methionine, and seemed to be unaffected by treatment with canakinumab. Further investigation is needed to determine the role of these metabolomic changes in the pathophysiology of TRAPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim D Steiner
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Annibal
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Raymond Laboy
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marie Braumann
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heike Göbel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Valentin Laasch
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roman-Ulrich Müller
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin R Späth
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Adam Antebi
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Torsten Kubacki
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gómez de Cedrón M, Moreno Palomares R, Ramírez de Molina A. Metabolo-epigenetic interplay provides targeted nutritional interventions in chronic diseases and ageing. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1169168. [PMID: 37404756 PMCID: PMC10315663 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1169168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are chemical modifications that affect gene expression without altering DNA sequences. In particular, epigenetic chemical modifications can occur on histone proteins -mainly acetylation, methylation-, and on DNA and RNA molecules -mainly methylation-. Additional mechanisms, such as RNA-mediated regulation of gene expression and determinants of the genomic architecture can also affect gene expression. Importantly, depending on the cellular context and environment, epigenetic processes can drive developmental programs as well as functional plasticity. However, misbalanced epigenetic regulation can result in disease, particularly in the context of metabolic diseases, cancer, and ageing. Non-communicable chronic diseases (NCCD) and ageing share common features including altered metabolism, systemic meta-inflammation, dysfunctional immune system responses, and oxidative stress, among others. In this scenario, unbalanced diets, such as high sugar and high saturated fatty acids consumption, together with sedentary habits, are risk factors implicated in the development of NCCD and premature ageing. The nutritional and metabolic status of individuals interact with epigenetics at different levels. Thus, it is crucial to understand how we can modulate epigenetic marks through both lifestyle habits and targeted clinical interventions -including fasting mimicking diets, nutraceuticals, and bioactive compounds- which will contribute to restore the metabolic homeostasis in NCCD. Here, we first describe key metabolites from cellular metabolic pathways used as substrates to "write" the epigenetic marks; and cofactors that modulate the activity of the epigenetic enzymes; then, we briefly show how metabolic and epigenetic imbalances may result in disease; and, finally, we show several examples of nutritional interventions - diet based interventions, bioactive compounds, and nutraceuticals- and exercise to counteract epigenetic alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gómez de Cedrón
- Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Cell Metabolism Unit, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Moreno Palomares
- Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- FORCHRONIC S.L, Avda. Industria, Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dobrijević D, Pastor K, Nastić N, Özogul F, Krulj J, Kokić B, Bartkiene E, Rocha JM, Kojić J. Betaine as a Functional Ingredient: Metabolism, Health-Promoting Attributes, Food Sources, Applications and Analysis Methods. Molecules 2023; 28:4824. [PMID: 37375378 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Betaine is a non-essential amino acid with proven functional properties and underutilized potential. The most common dietary sources of betaine are beets, spinach, and whole grains. Whole grains-such as quinoa, wheat and oat brans, brown rice, barley, etc.-are generally considered rich sources of betaine. This valuable compound has gained popularity as an ingredient in novel and functional foods due to the demonstrated health benefits that it may provide. This review study will provide an overview of the various natural sources of betaine, including different types of food products, and explore the potential of betaine as an innovative functional ingredient. It will thoroughly discuss its metabolic pathways and physiology, disease-preventing and health-promoting properties, and further highlight the extraction procedures and detection methods in different matrices. In addition, gaps in the existing scientific literature will be emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Dobrijević
- Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Institute for Children and Youth Health Care of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Kristian Pastor
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nataša Nastić
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Fatih Özogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
| | - Jelena Krulj
- Institute of Food Technology (FINS), University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Bojana Kokić
- Institute of Food Technology (FINS), University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Elena Bartkiene
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - João Miguel Rocha
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE-Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jovana Kojić
- Institute of Food Technology (FINS), University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Restoring Epigenetic Reprogramming with Diet and Exercise to Improve Health-Related Metabolic Diseases. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020318. [PMID: 36830687 PMCID: PMC9953584 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic reprogramming predicts the long-term functional health effects of health-related metabolic disease. This epigenetic reprogramming is activated by exogenous or endogenous insults, leading to altered healthy and different disease states. The epigenetic and environmental changes involve a roadmap of epigenetic networking, such as dietary components and exercise on epigenetic imprinting and restoring epigenome patterns laid down during embryonic development, which are paramount to establishing youthful cell type and health. Nutrition and exercise are among the most well-known environmental epigenetic factors influencing the proper developmental and functional lifestyle, with potential beneficial or detrimental effects on health status. The diet and exercise strategies applied from conception could represent an innovative epigenetic target for preventing and treating human diseases. Here, we describe the potential role of diet and exercise as therapeutic epigenetic strategies for health and diseases, highlighting putative future perspectives in this field.
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao C, Du M, Yang J, Guo G, Wang L, Yan Y, Li X, Lei M, Chen T. Changes in arsenic accumulation and metabolic capacity after environmental management measures in mining area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158652. [PMID: 36108864 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to the public health concern of arsenic, environmental management measures in mining areas had been implemented. To assess the effect of environmental management measures in the mining area comprehensively, arsenic accumulation in the urine, hair, nails, and urinary metabolites of residents in a realgar mining area in Hunan province, China were investigated in 2019, and the changes in arsenic levels in the biomarkers during 2012-2019 were tracked. The importance of confounding factors (age, sex, occupation, residence, clinical history, vegetable source, cooking fuel, smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI) was analyzed using the Boruta algorithm. After the implementation of environmental management measures (including ceasing mining and smelting activities, building landfills, adjusting the planting structure, and soil restoration), urine, hair, and nail arsenic concentration decreased drastically but were still excessive. Arsenic accumulation was highest in older male miners who were long settled in the mining area and consumed homegrown vegetables. The only factor for changes in urinary arsenic levels was the cooking fuel type; residents using wood as cooking fuel experienced sustained arsenic exposure. Occupation and sex were important for determining arsenic changes in the hair and nails. Short-term arsenic accumulation in urine was affected by arsenic exposure, while long-term accumulation in hair and nails by arsenic metabolic capacity. The percentage of urinary arsenic metabolism and arsenic methylation indices of the participants in the mining area were within the normal range (%iAs: 10-30 %, %MMA: 10-20 %, % DMA: 60-80 %); samples indicated worse metabolic capacity than the reference population. The arsenic metabolic capacity of male miners was relatively weak, probably aggravated by alcohol drinking and smoking. Without soil remediation, arsenic exposure will continue. Homegrown vegetables and biomass fuels should be abandoned; reduced cigarette and alcohol consumption is recommended. Urinary arsenic would be more proper for assessing environmental remediation in mining areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Meng Du
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Guanghui Guo
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yunxian Yan
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuewen Li
- Shandong University, School of Public Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mei Lei
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tongbin Chen
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abeyrathne EDNS, Nam KC, Huang X, Ahn DU. Egg yolk lipids: separation, characterization, and utilization. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:1243-1256. [PMID: 35992319 PMCID: PMC9385935 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Egg yolk contains very high levels of lipids, which comprise 33% of whole egg yolk. Although triglyceride is the main lipid, egg yolk is the richest source of phospholipids and cholesterol in nature. The egg yolk phospholipids have a unique composition with high levels of phosphatidylcholine followed by phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, plasmalogen, and phosphatidylinositol. All the egg yolk lipids are embedded inside the HDL and LDL micelles or granular particles. Egg yolk lipids can be easily extracted using solvents or supercritical extraction methods but their commercial applications of egg yolk lipids are limited. Egg yolk lipids have excellent potential as a food ingredient or cosmeceutical, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical agents because they have excellent functional and biological characteristics. This review summarizes the current knowledge on egg yolk lipids' extraction methods and functions and discusses their current and future use, which will be important to increase the use and value of the egg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edirisingha Dewage Nalaka Sandun Abeyrathne
- Department of Animal Science, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla, 90000 Sri Lanka
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Suncheon National University, Suncheon, 57922 Korea
| | - Ki-Chang Nam
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Suncheon National University, Suncheon, 57922 Korea
| | - Xi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Uk Ahn
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Golzarand M, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Association between dietary choline and betaine intake and 10.6-year cardiovascular disease in adults. Nutr J 2022; 21:1. [PMID: 34986852 PMCID: PMC8728923 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-021-00755-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have assessed the association between dietary choline and betaine and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but their results are inconsistent. The present study aimed to determine the association between dietary intake of choline and betaine and the risk of CVD in the general population over a 10.6-year period of follow-up. Methods The present cohort study was conducted on participants in the third wave of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2006–2008) and was followed-up until March 2018. Dietary intake of choline and betaine was calculated using the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) database. Patients’ medical records were used to collect data on CVD. Results In this study, 2606 subjects with no previous CVD participated and were followed-up for a median of 10.6 years. During the follow-up periods, 187 incidences of CVD were detected. Results of the Cox proportional hazards regression indicated that neither energy-adjusted total choline nor betaine was associated with the incidence of CVD. Among individual choline forms, only higher intake of free choline (FC) was associated with a lower risk of CVD (HR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.42–0.98). There was no significant association between each 10 mg/d increase in choline and betaine content of each food category and CVD. Conclusion Our investigation indicates no association between energy-adjusted total choline and betaine and a 10.6-year risk of CVD among adults. Besides, we found no relationship between individual choline forms (except FC) and CVD. We also found energy-adjusted choline and betaine obtained from food categories were not associated with the risk of CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Golzarand
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 7, Shahid Hafezi St., Farahzadi Blvd., Shahrak-e-qods, Tehran, 1981619573, Iran.
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Derbyshire E, Obeid R, Schön C. Habitual Choline Intakes across the Childbearing Years: A Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124390. [PMID: 34959942 PMCID: PMC8709092 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline is an important nutrient during the first 1000 days post conception due to its roles in brain function. An increasing number of studies have measured choline intakes at the population level. We collated the evidence focusing on habitual choline intakes in the preconceptual, pregnancy, and lactation life stages. We conducted a review including studies published from 2004 to 2021. Twenty-six relevant publications were identified. After excluding studies with a high choline intake (>400 mg/day; two studies) or low choline intake (<200 mg/day; one study), average choline intake in the remaining 23 studies ranged from 233 mg/day to 383 mg/day, even with the inclusion of choline from supplements. Intakes were not higher in studies among pregnant and lactating women compared with studies in nonpregnant women. To conclude, during the childbearing years and across the globe, habitual intakes of choline from foods alone and foods and supplements combined appear to be consistently lower than the estimated adequate intakes for this target group. Urgent measures are needed to (1) improve the quality of choline data in global food composition databases, (2) encourage the reporting of choline intakes in dietary surveys, (3) raise awareness about the role(s) of choline in foetal–maternal health, and (4) consider formally advocating the use of choline supplements in women planning a pregnancy, pregnant, or lactating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rima Obeid
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of the Saarland, D-66420 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Christiane Schön
- BioTeSys GmbH, Schelztorstrasse 54-56, D-73728 Esslingen, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Glade MJ, Crook MA. Choline deficiency: Is it being recognized? Nutrition 2021; 94:111509. [PMID: 34862116 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin A Crook
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolic Medicine, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kochetkov AI, Klepikova MV, Ostroumova OD. Trimethylamine oxide and its possible role in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2021. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2021-3014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases continue to be the leading cause of death throughout the world and in Russia. Therefore, new possible risk factors for their development and progression are being studied. To date, information have been accumulated on unfavorable prognostic effect of elevated trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) levels on cardiovascular events, and the possible role of phospholipids (PLs) is being discussed. The aim of this review was to analyze the literature data on the potential relationship of TMAO and PLs with cardiovascular risk (CVR), as well as possible solutions to this problem. The search and analysis of publications was performed using Elibrary, PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar databases in the period from their creation to 2021. It was found that high TMAO concentrations can have pro-inflammatory effects, stimulate atherogenesis and increase platelet aggregation. An increase in the blood TMAO levels increases the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease, is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and all-cause death in patients with peripheral arterial disease and heart failure, and correlates with the extent of brain regions involved in stroke. The most important part in TMAO formation is taken by the gut microbiota, which metabolizes substrates, including PLs, to trimethylamine, which, when absorbed, is converted into TMAO in the liver. The analysis of available studies shows that the excessive intake of PLs into the gastrointestinal tract and the increased TMAO production are potentially interrelated with an increase in CVR. At the same time, PLs are currently used as drugs, in particular, as hepatoprotective agents. In view of this, large-scale randomized clinical trials are needed to study the CVR profile in patients receiving such therapy. Currently, other hepatoprotective agents are available that are devoid of such potential risks, since they do not contain PLs. One of these agents is ursodeoxycholic acid, which has proven its effectiveness and safety, including in patients with high CVR in routine clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. I. Kochetkov
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education
| | - M. V. Klepikova
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education
| | - O. D. Ostroumova
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Van Parys A, Brække MS, Karlsson T, Vinknes KJ, Tell GS, Haugsgjerd TR, Ueland PM, Øyen J, Dierkes J, Nygård O, Lysne V. Assessment of Dietary Choline Intake, Contributing Food Items, and Associations with One-Carbon and Lipid Metabolites in Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults: The Hordaland Health Study. J Nutr 2021; 152:513-524. [PMID: 34643705 PMCID: PMC8826836 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choline is an essential nutrient for humans and is involved in various physiologic functions. Through its metabolite betaine, it is closely connected to the one-carbon metabolism, and the fat-soluble choline form phosphatidylcholine is essential for VLDL synthesis and secretion in the liver connecting choline to the lipid metabolism. Dietary recommendations for choline are not available in the Nordic countries primarily due to data scarcity. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the dietary intake of total choline and individual choline forms, dietary sources, and the association of total choline intake with circulating one-carbon metabolites and lipids. METHODS We included 5746 participants in the Hordaland Health Study, a survey including community-dwelling adults born in 1925-1927 (mean age 72 y, 55% women) and 1950-1951 (mean age 48 y, 57% women). Dietary data were obtained using a 169-item FFQ, and choline content was calculated using the USDA Database for Choline Content of Common Foods, release 2. Metabolites of the one-carbon and lipid metabolism were measured in a nonfasting blood sample obtained at baseline, and the association with total choline intake was assessed using polynomial splines. RESULTS The geometric mean (95% prediction interval) energy-adjusted total choline intake was 260 (170, 389) mg/d, with phosphatidylcholine being the main form (44%). The major food items providing dietary choline were eggs, low-fat milk, potatoes, and leafy vegetables. Dietary total choline was inversely associated with circulating concentrations of total homocysteine, glycine, and serine and positively associated with choline, methionine, cystathionine, cysteine, trimethyllysine, trimethylamine-N-oxide, and dimethylglycine. A weak association was observed between choline intake and serum lipids. CONCLUSIONS Phosphatidylcholine was the most consumed choline form in community-dwelling adults in Norway. Our findings suggest that choline intake is associated with the concentration of most metabolites involved in the one-carbon and lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Sandvik Brække
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Therese Karlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kathrine J Vinknes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Grethe S Tell
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Teresa R Haugsgjerd
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Jutta Dierkes
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ottar Nygård
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vegard Lysne
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pan XF, Yang JJ, Shu XO, Moore SC, Palmer ND, Guasch-Ferré M, Herrington DM, Harada S, Eliassen H, Wang TJ, Gerszten RE, Albanes D, Tzoulaki I, Karaman I, Elliott P, Zhu H, Wagenknecht LE, Zheng W, Cai H, Cai Q, Matthews CE, Menni C, Meyer KA, Lipworth LP, Ose J, Fornage M, Ulrich CM, Yu D. Associations of circulating choline and its related metabolites with cardiometabolic biomarkers: an international pooled analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:893-906. [PMID: 34020444 PMCID: PMC8408854 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choline is an essential nutrient; however, the associations of choline and its related metabolites with cardiometabolic risk remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We examined the associations of circulating choline, betaine, carnitine, and dimethylglycine (DMG) with cardiometabolic biomarkers and their potential dietary and nondietary determinants. METHODS The cross-sectional analyses included 32,853 participants from 17 studies, who were free of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney diseases, and inflammatory bowel disease. In each study, metabolites and biomarkers were log-transformed and standardized by means and SDs, and linear regression coefficients (β) and 95% CIs were estimated with adjustments for potential confounders. Study-specific results were combined by random-effects meta-analyses. A false discovery rate <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS We observed moderate positive associations of circulating choline, carnitine, and DMG with creatinine [β (95% CI): 0.136 (0.084, 0.188), 0.106 (0.045, 0.168), and 0.128 (0.087, 0.169), respectively, for each SD increase in biomarkers on the log scale], carnitine with triglycerides (β = 0.076; 95% CI: 0.042, 0.109), homocysteine (β = 0.064; 95% CI: 0.033, 0.095), and LDL cholesterol (β = 0.055; 95% CI: 0.013, 0.096), DMG with homocysteine (β = 0.068; 95% CI: 0.023, 0.114), insulin (β = 0.068; 95% CI: 0.043, 0.093), and IL-6 (β = 0.060; 95% CI: 0.027, 0.094), but moderate inverse associations of betaine with triglycerides (β = -0.146; 95% CI: -0.188, -0.104), insulin (β = -0.106; 95% CI: -0.130, -0.082), homocysteine (β = -0.097; 95% CI: -0.149, -0.045), and total cholesterol (β = -0.074; 95% CI: -0.102, -0.047). In the whole pooled population, no dietary factor was associated with circulating choline; red meat intake was associated with circulating carnitine [β = 0.092 (0.042, 0.142) for a 1 serving/d increase], whereas plant protein was associated with circulating betaine [β = 0.249 (0.110, 0.388) for a 5% energy increase]. Demographics, lifestyle, and metabolic disease history showed differential associations with these metabolites. CONCLUSIONS Circulating choline, carnitine, and DMG were associated with unfavorable cardiometabolic risk profiles, whereas circulating betaine was associated with a favorable cardiometabolic risk profile. Future prospective studies are needed to examine the associations of these metabolites with incident cardiovascular events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiong-Fei Pan
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jae Jeong Yang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Steven C Moore
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicholette D Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Marta Guasch-Ferré
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David M Herrington
- Section on Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sei Harada
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Heather Eliassen
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ibrahim Karaman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Huilian Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lynne E Wagenknecht
- Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Charles E Matthews
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie A Meyer
- Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Loren P Lipworth
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer Ose
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cornelia M Ulrich
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Danxia Yu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Van Parys A, Karlsson T, Vinknes KJ, Olsen T, Øyen J, Dierkes J, Nygård O, Lysne V. Food Sources Contributing to Intake of Choline and Individual Choline Forms in a Norwegian Cohort of Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris. Front Nutr 2021; 8:676026. [PMID: 34055860 PMCID: PMC8160433 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.676026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Choline is an essential nutrient involved in a wide range of physiological functions. It occurs in water- and lipid-soluble forms in the body and diet. Foods with a known high choline content are eggs, beef, chicken, milk, fish, and selected plant foods. An adequate intake has been set in the US and Europe, however, not yet in the Nordic countries. A higher intake of lipid-soluble choline forms has been associated with increased risk of acute myocardial infarction, highlighting the need for knowledge about food sources of the individual choline forms. In general, little is known about the habitual intake and food sources of choline, and individual choline forms. Objective: Investigate foods contributing to the intake of total choline and individual choline forms. Design: The study population consisted of 1,929 patients with stable angina pectoris from the Western Norway B Vitamin Intervention Trial. Dietary intake data was obtained through a 169-item food frequency questionnaire. Intake of total choline and individual choline forms was quantified using the USDA database, release 2. Results: The geometric mean (95% prediction interval) total choline intake was 287 (182, 437) mg/d. Phosphatidylcholine accounted for 42.5% of total choline intake, followed by free choline (25.8%) and glycerophosphocholine (21.2%). Phosphocholine and sphingomyelin contributed 4.2 and 4.5%, respectively. The main dietary choline sources were eggs, milk, fresh vegetables, lean fish, and bread. In general, animal food sources were the most important contributors to choline intake. Conclusion: This study is, to the best of our knowledge, the first to assess the intake of all choline forms and their dietary sources in a European population. Most choline was consumed in the form of phosphatidylcholine and animal food sources contributed most to choline intake. There is a need for accurate estimates of the dietary intake of this essential nutrient to issue appropriate dietary recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthea Van Parys
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Therese Karlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kathrine J. Vinknes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Jutta Dierkes
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ottar Nygård
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vegard Lysne
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hwang JS, Shin YJ. Role of Choline in Ocular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4733. [PMID: 33946979 PMCID: PMC8124599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline is essential for maintaining the structure and function of cells in humans. Choline plays an important role in eye health and disease. It is a precursor of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system, and it is involved in the production and secretion of tears by the lacrimal glands. It also contributes to the stability of the cells and tears on the ocular surface and is involved in retinal development and differentiation. Choline deficiency is associated with retinal hemorrhage, glaucoma, and dry eye syndrome. Choline supplementation may be effective for treating these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Young-Joo Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07442, Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Paternal Methyl Donor Supplementation in Rats Improves Fertility, Physiological Outcomes, Gut Microbial Signatures and Epigenetic Markers Altered by High Fat/High Sucrose Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020689. [PMID: 33445606 PMCID: PMC7826956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased consumption of high fat/sucrose (HF/S) diets has contributed to rising rates of obesity and its co-morbidities globally, while also negatively impacting male reproductive health. Our objective was to examine whether adding a methyl donor cocktail to paternal HF/S diet (HF/S+M) improves health status in fathers and offspring. From 3–12 weeks of age, male Sprague Dawley rats consumed a HF/S or HF/S+M diet. Offspring were followed until 16 weeks of age. Body composition, metabolic markers, gut microbiota, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and microRNA expression were measured in fathers and offspring. Compared to HF/S, paternal HF/S+M diet reduced fat mass in offspring (p < 0.005). HF/S+M fathers consumed 16% fewer kcal/day, which persisted in HF/S+M female offspring and was explained in part by changes in serum glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) levels. Compared to HF/S, HF/S+M fathers had a 33% improvement in days until conception and 300% fewer stillbirths. In fathers, adipose tissue DNMT3a and hepatic miR-34a expression were reduced with HF/S+M. Adult male offspring showed upregulated miR-24, -33, -122a and -143 expression while females exhibited downregulated miR-33 expression. Fathers and offspring presented differences in gut microbial signatures. Supplementing a paternal HF/S diet with methyl-donors improved fertility, physiological outcomes, epigenetic and gut microbial signatures intergenerationally.
Collapse
|
22
|
Shewry PR, Hassall KL, Grausgruber H, Andersson AAM, Lampi A, Piironen V, Rakszegi M, Ward JL, Lovegrove A. Do modern types of wheat have lower quality for human health? NUTR BULL 2020; 45:362-373. [PMID: 33380903 PMCID: PMC7756780 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is the major staple food in Western Europe and an important source of energy, protein, dietary fibre, minerals, B vitamins and phytochemicals. Plant breeders have been immensely successful in increasing yields to feed the growing global population. However, concerns have been expressed that the focus on increasing yield and processing quality has resulted in reduced contents of components that contribute to human health and increases in adverse reactions. We review the evidence for this, based largely on studies in our own laboratories of sets of wheats bred and grown between the 18th century and modern times. With the exception of decreased contents of mineral micronutrients, there is no clear evidence that intensive breeding has resulted in decreases in beneficial components or increases in proteins which trigger adverse responses. In fact, a recent study of historic and modern wheats from the UK showed increases in the contents of dietary fibre components and a decreased content of asparagine in white flour, indicating increased benefits for health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. R. Shewry
- Plant Science DepartmentRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
| | - K. L. Hassall
- Computational and Analytical Sciences DepartmentRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
| | - H. Grausgruber
- Department of Crop SciencesUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaTulln an der DonauAustria
| | - A. A. M Andersson
- Department of Molecular SciencesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - A.‐M. Lampi
- Department of Food and NutritionUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - V. Piironen
- Department of Food and NutritionUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - M. Rakszegi
- Agricultural InstituteCentre for Agricultural ResearchMartonvásárHungary
| | - J. L. Ward
- Computational and Analytical Sciences DepartmentRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
| | - A. Lovegrove
- Plant Science DepartmentRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lyon P, Strippoli V, Fang B, Cimmino L. B Vitamins and One-Carbon Metabolism: Implications in Human Health and Disease. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2867. [PMID: 32961717 PMCID: PMC7551072 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamins B9 (folate) and B12 are essential water-soluble vitamins that play a crucial role in the maintenance of one-carbon metabolism: a set of interconnected biochemical pathways driven by folate and methionine to generate methyl groups for use in DNA synthesis, amino acid homeostasis, antioxidant generation, and epigenetic regulation. Dietary deficiencies in B9 and B12, or genetic polymorphisms that influence the activity of enzymes involved in the folate or methionine cycles, are known to cause developmental defects, impair cognitive function, or block normal blood production. Nutritional deficiencies have historically been treated with dietary supplementation or high-dose parenteral administration that can reverse symptoms in the majority of cases. Elevated levels of these vitamins have more recently been shown to correlate with immune dysfunction, cancer, and increased mortality. Therapies that specifically target one-carbon metabolism are therefore currently being explored for the treatment of immune disorders and cancer. In this review, we will highlight recent studies aimed at elucidating the role of folate, B12, and methionine in one-carbon metabolism during normal cellular processes and in the context of disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lyon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (P.L.); (V.S.); (B.F.)
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Victoria Strippoli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (P.L.); (V.S.); (B.F.)
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Byron Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (P.L.); (V.S.); (B.F.)
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Luisa Cimmino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (P.L.); (V.S.); (B.F.)
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shi C, Wang P, Airen S, Brown C, Liu Z, Townsend JH, Wang J, Jiang H. Nutritional and medical food therapies for diabetic retinopathy. EYE AND VISION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 7:33. [PMID: 32582807 PMCID: PMC7310218 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-020-00199-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a form of microangiopathy. Reducing oxidative stress in the mitochondria and cell membranes decreases ischemic injury and end-organ damage to the retina. New approaches are needed, which reduce the risk and improve the outcomes of DR while complementing current therapeutic approaches. Homocysteine (Hcy) elevation and oxidative stress are potential therapeutic targets in DR. Common genetic polymorphisms such as those of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), increase Hcy and DR risk and severity. Patients with DR have high incidences of deficiencies of crucial vitamins, minerals, and related compounds, which also lead to elevation of Hcy and oxidative stress. Addressing the effects of the MTHFR polymorphism and addressing comorbid deficiencies and insufficiencies reduce the impact and severity of the disease. This approach provides safe and simple strategies that support conventional care and improve outcomes. Suboptimal vitamin co-factor availability also impairs the release of neurotrophic and neuroprotective growth factors. Collectively, this accounts for variability in presentation and response of DR to conventional therapy. Fortunately, there are straightforward recommendations for addressing these issues and supporting traditional treatment plans. We have reviewed the literature for nutritional interventions that support conventional therapies to reduce disease risk and severity. Optimal combinations of vitamins B1, B2, B6, L-methylfolate, methylcobalamin (B12), C, D, natural vitamin E complex, lutein, zeaxanthin, alpha-lipoic acid, and n-acetylcysteine are identified for protecting the retina and choroid. Certain medical foods have been successfully used as therapy for retinopathy. Recommendations based on this review and our clinical experience are developed for clinicians to use to support conventional therapy for DR. DR from both type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have similar retinal findings and responses to nutritional therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ce Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, McKnight Building - Room 202A, Miami, FL 33136 USA
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, McKnight Building - Room 202A, Miami, FL 33136 USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shriya Airen
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Craig Brown
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Fayetteville, AR USA
| | - Zhiping Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, McKnight Building - Room 202A, Miami, FL 33136 USA
- Ophthalmic Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Justin H. Townsend
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, McKnight Building - Room 202A, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, McKnight Building - Room 202A, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, McKnight Building - Room 202A, Miami, FL 33136 USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yang JJ, Lipworth LP, Shu XO, Blot WJ, Xiang YB, Steinwandel MD, Li H, Gao YT, Zheng W, Yu D. Associations of choline-related nutrients with cardiometabolic and all-cause mortality: results from 3 prospective cohort studies of blacks, whites, and Chinese. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:644-656. [PMID: 31915809 PMCID: PMC7049525 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choline-related nutrients are dietary precursors of a gut microbial metabolite, trimethylamine-N-oxide, which has been linked to cardiometabolic diseases and related death. However, epidemiologic evidence on dietary choline and mortality remains limited, particularly among nonwhite populations. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the associations of choline-related nutrients with cardiometabolic and all-cause mortality among black and white Americans and Chinese adults. METHODS Included were 49,858 blacks, 23,766 whites, and 134,001 Chinese, aged 40-79 y, who participated in 3 prospective cohorts and lived ≥1 y after enrollment. Cox regression models were used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for cardiometabolic [e.g., ischemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, and diabetes] and all-cause deaths. To account for multiple testing, P values < 0.003 were considered significant. RESULTS Mean choline intake among blacks, whites, and Chinese was 404.1 mg/d, 362.0 mg/d, and 296.8 mg/d, respectively. During a median follow-up of 11.7 y, 28,673 deaths were identified, including 11,141 cardiometabolic deaths. After comprehensive adjustments, including for overall diet quality and disease history, total choline intake was associated with increased cardiometabolic mortality among blacks and Chinese (HR for highest compared with lowest quintile: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.40 and HR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.38, respectively; both P-trend < 0.001); among whites, the association was weaker (HR: 1.12; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.33; P-trend = 0.02). Total choline intake was also associated with diabetes and all-cause mortality in blacks (HR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.26, 2.19 and HR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.29, respectively), with diabetes mortality in Chinese (HR: 2.24; 95% CI: 1.68, 2.97), and with IHD mortality in whites (HR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.69) (all P-trend < 0.001). The choline-mortality association was modified by alcohol consumption and appeared stronger among individuals with existing cardiometabolic disease. Betaine intake was associated with increased cardiometabolic mortality in Chinese only (HR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.25; P-trend < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS High choline intake was associated with increased cardiometabolic mortality in racially diverse populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Jeong Yang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Loren P Lipworth
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - William J Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- International Epidemiology Field Station, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes and Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mark D Steinwandel
- International Epidemiology Field Station, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Honglan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes and Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes and Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Danxia Yu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bresciani L, Dall'Asta M, Favari C, Calani L, Del Rio D, Brighenti F. An in vitro exploratory study of dietary strategies based on polyphenol-rich beverages, fruit juices and oils to control trimethylamine production in the colon. Food Funct 2019; 9:6470-6483. [PMID: 30465688 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01778f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) has been described as a new biomarker of cardiovascular disease (CVD), derived from gut microbial biotransformation of dietary choline and l-carnitine into trimethylamine (TMA) and subsequent hepatic oxidation. (Poly)phenols are among the dietary factors able to interfere with microbial enzymatic activity, possibly modulating TMA biotransformation at the gut level. The aim of this work was to investigate the in vitro biotransformation of choline and carnitine using faecal starters obtained from omnivorous and vegetarian subjects and the effect of (poly)phenol-rich foods on TMA production. Choline and l-carnitine were fermented with vegetarian or omnivorous faecal slurries, alone or in combination with 10 (poly)phenol-rich food items. TMA production from carnitine, but not from choline, was significantly lower when vegetarian faecal starters were used and, among the tested food items, blonde orange juice significantly reduced TMA formation during faecal biotransformation. Consequently, the main compounds of orange juice, namely phenolic compounds, terpenes, limonoids, organic acids and sugars, were tested individually. Sugars exerted the highest inhibitory effect on TMA production. Despite some limitations deriving from the applied in vitro model, this is the first work describing a possible role of some (poly)phenol-rich dietary products on the modulation of TMA colonic production. Free sugars were the main factor responsible for TMA inhibition, suggesting a potential beneficial role of colonic fermentation of carbohydrates in reducing TMA formation from its precursor molecules. This work opens new research directions to evaluate the effect of dietary fermentable fibre on TMA production and, potentially, on circulating TMAO levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Bresciani
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Human Nutrition Unit, University of Parma, Via Volturno, 39 - 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Methyl Donor Micronutrients that Modify DNA Methylation and Cancer Outcome. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030608. [PMID: 30871166 PMCID: PMC6471069 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that is essential for regulating gene transcription. However, aberrant DNA methylation, which is a nearly universal finding in cancer, can result in disturbed gene expression. DNA methylation is modified by environmental factors such as diet that may modify cancer risk and tumor behavior. Abnormal DNA methylation has been observed in several cancers such as colon, stomach, cervical, prostate, and breast cancers. These alterations in DNA methylation may play a critical role in cancer development and progression. Dietary nutrient intake and bioactive food components are essential environmental factors that may influence DNA methylation either by directly inhibiting enzymes that catalyze DNA methylation or by changing the availability of substrates required for those enzymatic reactions such as the availability and utilization of methyl groups. In this review, we focused on nutrients that act as methyl donors or methylation co-factors and presented intriguing evidence for the role of these bioactive food components in altering DNA methylation patterns in cancer. Such a role is likely to have a mechanistic impact on the process of carcinogenesis and offer possible therapeutic potentials.
Collapse
|
28
|
Examining the relationship between nutrition and cerebral structural integrity in older adults without dementia. Nutr Res Rev 2018; 32:79-98. [PMID: 30378509 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422418000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The proportion of adults aged 60 years and over is expected to increase over the coming decades. This ageing of the population represents an important health issue, given that marked reductions to cerebral macro- and microstructural integrity are apparent with increasing age. Reduced cerebral structural integrity in older adults appears to predict poorer cognitive performance, even in the absence of clinical disorders such as dementia. As such, it is becoming increasingly important to identify those factors predicting cerebral structural integrity, especially factors that are modifiable. One such factor is nutritional intake. While the literature is limited, data from available cross-sectional studies indicate that increased intake of nutrients such as B vitamins (for example, B6, B12 and folate), choline, n-3 fatty acids and vitamin D, or increased adherence to prudent whole diets (for example, the Mediterranean diet) predicts greater cerebral structural integrity in older adults. There is even greater scarcity of randomised clinical trials investigating the effects of nutritional supplementation on cerebral structure, though it appears that supplementation with B vitamins (B6, B12 and folic acid) or n-3 fatty acids (DHA or EPA) may be beneficial. The current review presents an overview of available research examining the relationship between key nutrients or adherence to select diets and cerebral structural integrity in dementia-free older adults.
Collapse
|
29
|
Dietary Choline Intake: Current State of Knowledge Across the Life Cycle. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101513. [PMID: 30332744 PMCID: PMC6213596 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline, an essential dietary nutrient for humans, is required for the synthesis of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, the methyl group donor, betaine, and phospholipids; and therefore, choline is involved in a broad range of critical physiological functions across all stages of the life cycle. The current dietary recommendations for choline have been established as Adequate Intakes (AIs) for total choline; however, dietary choline is present in multiple different forms that are both water-soluble (e.g., free choline, phosphocholine, and glycerophosphocholine) and lipid-soluble (e.g., phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin). Interestingly, the different dietary choline forms consumed during infancy differ from those in adulthood. This can be explained by the primary food source, where the majority of choline present in human milk is in the water-soluble form, versus lipid-soluble forms for foods consumed later on. This review summarizes the current knowledge on dietary recommendations and assessment methods, and dietary choline intake from food sources across the life cycle.
Collapse
|
30
|
Reddan JM, White DJ, Macpherson H, Scholey A, Pipingas A. Glycerophospholipid Supplementation as a Potential Intervention for Supporting Cerebral Structure in Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:49. [PMID: 29563868 PMCID: PMC5845902 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Modifying nutritional intake through supplementation may be efficacious for altering the trajectory of cerebral structural decline evident with increasing age. To date, there have been a number of clinical trials in older adults whereby chronic supplementation with B vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, or resveratrol, has been observed to either slow the rate of decline or repair cerebral tissue. There is also some evidence from animal studies indicating that supplementation with glycerophospholipids (GPL) may benefit cerebral structure, though these effects have not yet been investigated in adult humans. Despite this paucity of research, there are a number of factors predicting poorer cerebral structure in older humans, which GPL supplementation appears to beneficially modify or protect against. These include elevated concentrations of homocysteine, unbalanced activity of reactive oxygen species both increasing the risk of oxidative stress, increased concentrations of pro-inflammatory messengers, as well as poorer cardio- and cerebrovascular function. As such, it is hypothesized that GPL supplementation will support cerebral structure in older adults. These cerebral effects may influence cognitive function. The current review aims to provide a theoretical basis for future clinical trials investigating the effects of GPL supplementation on cerebral structural integrity in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery M Reddan
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David J White
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Macpherson
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
McGee M, Bainbridge S, Fontaine-Bisson B. A crucial role for maternal dietary methyl donor intake in epigenetic programming and fetal growth outcomes. Nutr Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuy006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan McGee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, and Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shannon Bainbridge
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences and the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bénédicte Fontaine-Bisson
- School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, and the Institut du savoir Montfort, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
DiMarco DM, Missimer A, Murillo AG, Lemos BS, Malysheva OV, Caudill MA, Blesso CN, Fernandez ML. Intake of up to 3 Eggs/Day Increases HDL Cholesterol and Plasma Choline While Plasma Trimethylamine-N-oxide is Unchanged in a Healthy Population. Lipids 2017; 52:255-263. [PMID: 28091798 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Eggs are a source of cholesterol and choline and may impact plasma lipids and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) concentrations, which are biomarkers for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Therefore, the effects of increasing egg intake (0, 1, 2, and 3 eggs/day) on these and other CVD risk biomarkers were evaluated in a young, healthy population. Thirty-eight subjects [19 men/19 women, 24.1 ± 2.2 years, body mass index (BMI) 24.3 ± 2.5 kg/m2] participated in this 14-week crossover intervention. Participants underwent a 2-week washout with no egg consumption, followed by intake of 1, 2, and 3 eggs/day for 4 weeks each. Anthropometric data, blood pressure (BP), dietary records, and plasma biomarkers (lipids, glucose, choline, and TMAO) were measured during each intervention phase. BMI, waist circumference, systolic BP, plasma glucose, and plasma triacylglycerol did not change throughout the intervention. Diastolic BP decreased with egg intake (P < 0.05). Compared to 0 eggs/day, intake of 1 egg/day increased HDL cholesterol (HDL-c) (P < 0.05), and decreased LDL cholesterol (LDL-c) (P < 0.05) and the LDL-c/HDL-c ratio (P < 0.01). With intake of 2-3 eggs/day, these changes were maintained. Plasma choline increased dose-dependently with egg intake (P < 0.0001) while fasting plasma TMAO was unchanged. These results indicate that in a healthy population, consuming up to 3 eggs/day results in an overall beneficial effect on biomarkers associated with CVD risk, as documented by increased HDL-c, a reduced LDL-c/HDL-c ratio, and increased plasma choline in combination with no change in plasma LDL-c or TMAO concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana M DiMarco
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Amanda Missimer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Ana Gabriela Murillo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Bruno S Lemos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Olga V Malysheva
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Marie A Caudill
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Christopher N Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Maria Luz Fernandez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Malinowska AM, Szwengiel A, Chmurzynska A. Dietary, anthropometric, and biochemical factors influencing plasma choline, carnitine, trimethylamine, and trimethylamine-N-oxide concentrations. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 68:488-495. [PMID: 27855528 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1256379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the nutritional, anthropometric, and biochemical factors that influence choline, l-carnitine, trimethylamine (TMA), and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) metabolism in elderly women. The volunteers' diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were estimated using a self-established score method. Body mass index (BMI), serum glucose, total, HDL, LDL cholesterol, triacylglycerol, homocysteine (tHcy), free choline (fchol), L-carnitine, TMA, and TMAO were assessed. Higher concentrations of l-carnitine, fchol, and TMAO were found in those women who had more western-style dietary patterns. Nor choline or betaine intake affected plasma fchol, TMA, or TMAO. BMI was positively correlated with fchol and TMA. tHcy was positively correlated with fchol, TMA, and TMAO, while fchol was also positively correlated with TMA and TMAO. Dietary patterns and plasma tHcy concentration influence fchol, TMA, and TMAO plasma concentration. Plasma TMA and fchol may be associated with BMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Malinowska
- a Department of Human Nutrition and Hygiene , Poznań University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland
| | - Artur Szwengiel
- b Department of Fermentation and Biosynthesis, Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin , Poznań University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland
| | - Agata Chmurzynska
- a Department of Human Nutrition and Hygiene , Poznań University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
|
35
|
Alisson-Silva F, Kawanishi K, Varki A. Human risk of diseases associated with red meat intake: Analysis of current theories and proposed role for metabolic incorporation of a non-human sialic acid. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 51:16-30. [PMID: 27421909 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the most consistent epidemiological associations between diet and human disease risk is the impact of red meat consumption (beef, pork, and lamb, particularly in processed forms). While risk estimates vary, associations are reported with all-cause mortality, colorectal and other carcinomas, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes, and possibly other inflammatory processes. There are many proposed explanations for these associations, some long discussed in the literature. Attempts to explain the effects of red meat consumption have invoked various red meat-associated agents, including saturated fat, high salt intake, Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) generation by microbiota, and environmental pollutants contaminating red meat, none of which are specific for red meat. Even the frequently mentioned polycyclic aromatic carcinogens arising from high temperature cooking methods are not red meat specific, as these are also generated by grilling poultry or fish, as well as by other forms of cooking. The traditional explanations that appear to be more red meat specific invoke the impact of N-nitroso compounds, heme iron, and the potential of heme to catalyze endogenous nitrosation. However, heme can be denatured by cooking, high levels of plasma hemopexin will block its tissue delivery, and much higher amounts of heme likely originate from red blood cell breakdown in vivo. Therefore, red meat-derived heme could only contribute to colorectal carcinoma risk, via direct local effects. Also, none of these mechanisms explain the apparent human propensity i.e., other carnivores have not been reported at high risk for all these diseases. A more recently proposed hypothesis involves infectious agents in beef from specific dairy cattle as agents of colorectal cancer. We have also described another mechanistic explanation for the human propensity for risk of red-meat associated diseases that is consistent with most observations: metabolic incorporation of a non-human sialic acid N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) into the tissues of red meat consumers and the subsequent interaction with inflammation-provoking antibodies against this "xenoautoantigen". Overall, we conclude that while multiple mechanisms are likely operative, many proposed theories to date are not specific for red meat, and that the viral and xenoautoantigen theories deserve further consideration. Importantly, there are potential non-toxic dietary antidotes, if the xenoautoantigen theory is indeed correct.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Alisson-Silva
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center (GRTC), Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), Departments of Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0687, USA
| | - Kunio Kawanishi
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center (GRTC), Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), Departments of Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0687, USA
| | - Ajit Varki
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center (GRTC), Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), Departments of Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0687, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zheng Y, Li Y, Rimm EB, Hu FB, Albert CM, Rexrode KM, Manson JE, Qi L. Dietary phosphatidylcholine and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular-specific mortality among US women and men. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 104:173-80. [PMID: 27281307 PMCID: PMC4919531 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.131771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The trimethylamine-containing nutrient phosphatidylcholine is the major dietary source for the gut microbiota metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), which has been related to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and mortality. Previous research suggested that the relation of TMAO with CVD risk might be stronger in diabetic than in nondiabetic populations. However, the evidence for an association of dietary phosphatidylcholine with CVD and mortality is limited. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine whether dietary consumption of phosphatidylcholine, which is mainly derived from eggs, red meat, and fish, is related to all-cause and CVD mortality in 2 cohorts of US women and men. In particular, we also tested if such an association was modified by diabetes status. DESIGN We followed 80,978 women from the Nurses' Health Study (1980-2012) and 39,434 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2012), who were free of cancer and CVD at baseline, for mortality. Dietary intakes and potential confounders were assessed with regularly administered questionnaires. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate HRs and 95% CIs. RESULTS We documented 17,829 all-cause and 4359 CVD deaths during follow-up. After multivariate adjustment for potential confounders, including demographic factors, disease status, lifestyle, and dietary intakes, higher phosphatidylcholine intakes were associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality. HRs (95% CIs) comparing the top and bottom quintiles of phosphatidylcholine intake were 1.11 (1.06, 1.17; P-trend across quintiles < 0.0001) for all-cause mortality and 1.26 (1.15, 1.39; P-trend < 0.0001) for CVD mortality in the combined data of both cohorts. The associations of phosphatidylcholine with all-cause and CVD mortality were stronger in diabetic than in nondiabetic participants (P-interaction = 0.0002 and 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION These data suggest that higher phosphatidylcholine consumption is associated with increased all-cause and CVD mortality in the US population, especially in patients with diabetes, independent of traditional risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric B Rimm
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Channing Division of Network Medicine and
| | - Frank B Hu
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Channing Division of Network Medicine and
| | - Christine M Albert
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Kathryn M Rexrode
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Channing Division of Network Medicine and Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Lu Qi
- Departments of Nutrition and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Linask KK, Han M. Acute alcohol exposure during mouse gastrulation alters lipid metabolism in placental and heart development: Folate prevention. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 106:749-60. [PMID: 27296863 PMCID: PMC5094567 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Embryonic acute exposure to ethanol (EtOH), lithium, and homocysteine (HCy) induces cardiac defects at the time of exposure; folic acid (FA) supplementation protects normal cardiogenesis (Han et al., 2009, 2012; Serrano et al., 2010). Our hypothesis is that EtOH exposure and FA protection relate to lipid and FA metabolism during mouse cardiogenesis and placentation. Methods On the morning of conception, pregnant C57BL/6J mice were placed on either of two FA‐containing diets: a 3.3 mg health maintenance diet or a high FA diet of 10.5 mg/kg. Mice were injected a binge level of EtOH, HCy, or saline on embryonic day (E) 6.75, targeting gastrulation. On E15.5, cardiac and umbilical blood flow were examined by ultrasound. Embryonic cardiac tissues were processed for gene expression of lipid and FA metabolism; the placenta and heart tissues for neutral lipid droplets, or for medium chain acyl‐dehydrogenase (MCAD) protein. Results EtOH exposure altered lipid‐related gene expression on E7.5 in comparison to control or FA‐supplemented groups and remained altered on E15.5 similarly to changes with HCy, signifying FA deficiency. In comparison to control tissues, the lipid‐related acyl CoA dehydrogenase medium length chain gene and its protein MCAD were altered with EtOH exposure, as were neutral lipid droplet localization in the heart and placenta. Conclusion EtOH altered gene expression associated with lipid and folate metabolism, as well as neutral lipids, in the E15.5 abnormally functioning heart and placenta. In comparison to controls, the high FA diet protected the embryo and placenta from these effects allowing normal development. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:749–760, 2016. © 2016 The Authors Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kersti K Linask
- Department of Pediatrics, USF Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa and St. Petersburg, Florida.
| | - Mingda Han
- Department of Pediatrics, USF Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa and St. Petersburg, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Measurement of the total choline content in 48 commercial dairy products or dairy alternatives. J Food Compost Anal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
39
|
Bjørndal B, Ramsvik MS, Lindquist C, Nordrehaug JE, Bruheim I, Svardal A, Nygård O, Berge RK. A Phospholipid-Protein Complex from Antarctic Krill Reduced Plasma Homocysteine Levels and Increased Plasma Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) and Carnitine Levels in Male Wistar Rats. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:5706-21. [PMID: 26371012 PMCID: PMC4584349 DOI: 10.3390/md13095706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seafood is assumed to be beneficial for cardiovascular health, mainly based on plasma lipid lowering and anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, other plasma risk factors linked to cardiovascular disease are less studied. This study aimed to penetrate the effect of a phospholipid-protein complex (PPC) from Antarctic krill on one-carbon metabolism and production of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) in rats. Male Wistar rats were fed isoenergetic control, 6%, or 11% PPC diets for four weeks. Rats fed PPC had reduced total homocysteine plasma level and increased levels of choline, dimethylglycine and cysteine, whereas the plasma level of methionine was unchanged compared to control. PPC feeding increased the plasma level of TMAO, carnitine, its precursors trimethyllysine and γ-butyrobetaine. There was a close correlation between plasma TMAO and carnitine, trimethyllysine, and γ-butyrobetaine, but not between TMAO and choline. The present data suggest that PPC has a homocysteine lowering effect and is associated with altered plasma concentrations of metabolites related to one-carbon metabolism and B-vitamin status in rats. Moreover, the present study reveals a non-obligatory role of gut microbiota in the increased plasma TMAO level as it can be explained by the PPC's content of TMAO. The increased level of carnitine and carnitine precursors is interpreted to reflect increased carnitine biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bodil Bjørndal
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Marie S Ramsvik
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
- Olympic Seafood AS, N-6080 Fosnavaag, Norway.
| | - Carine Lindquist
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Jan E Nordrehaug
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Cardiology, Stavanger University Hospital, 4036 Stavanger, Norway.
| | | | - Asbjørn Svardal
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Ottar Nygård
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Rolf K Berge
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Shewry PR, Hey SJ. The contribution of wheat to human diet and health. Food Energy Secur 2015; 4:178-202. [PMID: 27610232 PMCID: PMC4998136 DOI: 10.1002/fes3.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 463] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat is the most important staple crop in temperate zones and is in increasing demand in countries undergoing urbanization and industrialization. In addition to being a major source of starch and energy, wheat also provides substantial amounts of a number of components which are essential or beneficial for health, notably protein, vitamins (notably B vitamins), dietary fiber, and phytochemicals. Of these, wheat is a particularly important source of dietary fiber, with bread alone providing 20% of the daily intake in the UK, and well-established relationships between the consumption of cereal dietary fiber and reduced risk of cardio-vascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and forms of cancer (notably colo-rectal cancer). Wheat shows high variability in the contents and compositions of beneficial components, with some (including dietary fiber) showing high heritability. Hence, plant breeders should be able to select for enhanced health benefits in addition to increased crop yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Shewry
- Rothamsted Research Harpenden Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ UK; University of Reading Whiteknights Reading Berkshire RG6 6AH UK
| | - Sandra J Hey
- Rothamsted Research Harpenden Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ UK
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Masih SP, Plumptre L, Ly A, Berger H, Lausman AY, Croxford R, Kim YI, O'Connor DL. Pregnant Canadian Women Achieve Recommended Intakes of One-Carbon Nutrients through Prenatal Supplementation but the Supplement Composition, Including Choline, Requires Reconsideration. J Nutr 2015; 145:1824-34. [PMID: 26063067 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.211300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Folate, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, and choline are involved in one-carbon metabolism and play critical roles in pregnancy including prevention of birth defects and promotion of neurodevelopment. However, excessive intakes may adversely affect disease susceptibility in offspring. Intakes of these nutrients during pregnancy are not well characterized. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to determine dietary and supplemental intakes and major dietary sources of one-carbon nutrients during pregnancy. METHODS In pregnant women (n = 368) at ≤16 wk postconception, supplement use >30 d before pregnancy was assessed by maternal recall and supplement and dietary intakes in early (0-16 wk) and late pregnancy (23-37 wk) were assessed by food-frequency questionnaire. RESULTS Preconception, 60.1% (95% CI: 55.8, 64.3) of women used B vitamin-containing supplements. This increased to 92.8% (95% CI: 89.6, 95.2) in early and 89.0% (95% CI: 85.0, 92.3) in late pregnancy. Median supplemental folic acid, vitamin B-12, and vitamin B-6 were 1000 μg/d, 2.6 μg/d, and 1.9 mg/d, respectively. Forty-one percent and 50% of women had dietary intakes of folate and vitamin B-6 less than the estimated average requirement (520 mg/d dietary folate equivalents and 1.6 mg/d, respectively). Eight-seven percent of women had choline intakes less than the Adequate Intake (450 mg/d). Dietary intakes did not change appreciably during pregnancy. Fruits and vegetables and fortified foods contributed ∼57% to total dietary folate intake. Fruits and vegetables contributed ∼32% to total dietary vitamin B-6 intake and dairy and egg products contributed ∼37% to total dietary vitamin B-12 intake. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin supplements were an important source of one-carbon nutrients during pregnancy in our sample. Without supplements, many women would not have consumed quantities of folate and vitamin B-6 consistent with recommendations. Given the importance of choline in pregnancy, further research to consider inclusion in prenatal supplements is warranted. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02244684.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon P Masih
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science
| | - Lesley Plumptre
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science
| | - Anna Ly
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science
| | - Howard Berger
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and
| | - Andrea Y Lausman
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and
| | - Ruth Croxford
- freelance statistics consultant, Toronto, Canada; and
| | - Young-In Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Deborah L O'Connor
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
In this monograph, the message is that early inactivity and obesity lead to later chronic disease, and, as such, physical inactivity should be recognized as a public health crisis. Sedentary behavior, to some extent, serves a purpose in our current culture (e.g., keeping children indoors keeps them safe), and, as such, may not be amenable to change. Thus, it is important that we understand the underpinnings of later-developing chronic disease as this complex public health issue may have roots that go deeper than sedentary behavior. In this commentary, I speculate on the mechanisms for physical activity exacting positive changes on cognitive abilities. Three potential mechanisms are discussed: glucose transport, postnatal neurogenesis, and vitamin synthesis, all of which are inextricably linked to nutrition. This discussion of mechanisms is followed by a discussion of tractable correlates of the progression to non-communicable disease in the adult.
Collapse
|
43
|
Extreme urinary betaine losses in type 2 diabetes combined with bezafibrate treatment are associated with losses of dimethylglycine and choline but not with increased losses of other osmolytes. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2015; 28:459-68. [PMID: 25060556 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-014-6542-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Betaine deficiency is a probable cardiovascular risk factor and a cause of elevated homocysteine. Urinary betaine excretion is increased by fibrate treatment, and is also often elevated in diabetes. Does fibrate further increase betaine excretion in diabetes, and does it affect the plasma concentrations and excretions of related metabolites and of other osmolytes? METHODS Samples from a previous study of type 2 diabetes were selected if participants were taking bezafibrate (n = 32). These samples were compared with participants matched for age and gender and not on a fibrate (comparator group, n = 64). Betaine, related metabolites, and osmolytes were measured in plasma and urine samples from these 96 participants. RESULTS Median urinary betaine excretion in those on bezafibrate was 5-fold higher than in the comparator group (p < 0.001), itself 3.5-fold higher than the median reported for healthy populations. In the bezafibrate group, median dimethylglycine excretion was higher (9-fold, p < 0.001). Excretions of choline, and of the osmolytes myo-inositol, taurine and glycerophosphorylcholine, were not significantly different between groups. Some participants excreted more betaine than usual dietary intakes. Several betaine fractional clearances were >100 %. Betaine excretion correlated with excretions of the osmolytes myo-inositol and glycerophosphorylcholine, and also with the excretion of choline and N,N-dimethylglycine, but it was inconclusive whether these relationships were affected by bezafibrate therapy. CONCLUSIONS Increased urinary betaine excretions in type 2 diabetes are further increased by fibrate treatment, sometimes to more than their dietary intake. Concurrent betaine supplementation may be beneficial.
Collapse
|
44
|
Hedemann MS, Theil PK, Lærke HN, Bach Knudsen KE. Distinct difference in absorption pattern in pigs of betaine provided as a supplement or present naturally in cereal dietary fiber. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:2725-2733. [PMID: 25716171 DOI: 10.1021/jf506024v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The net absorption of betaine and choline was determined for 4 h after the first meal of the day in three experiments with porto-arterial catheterized pigs in which betaine was added as a supplement to a low-betaine diet (n=4 pigs) and compared to the net absorption of betaine and choline from high-fiber breads differing in amount and source of dietary fiber (two experiments, n=6 pigs each). Plasma betaine peaked after 30 min when betaine was fed as a supplement, whereas it peaked after 120-180 min when high-fiber breads were fed. Plasma betaine showed no diet×time interaction after feeding with high-fiber breads, indicating that the absorption kinetic did not differ between fiber sources. The net absorption of choline was not affected by the experimental diets. In conclusion, betaine in cereal sources has to be liberated from the matrix prior to absorption, causing delayed absorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mette Skou Hedemann
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Foulum, Post Box 50, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Peter Kappel Theil
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Foulum, Post Box 50, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Helle Nygaard Lærke
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Foulum, Post Box 50, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Knud Erik Bach Knudsen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Foulum, Post Box 50, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Jung S, Je Y, Giovannucci EL, Rosner B, Ogino S, Cho E. Derivation and validation of homocysteine score in u.s. Men and women. J Nutr 2015; 145:96-104. [PMID: 25527664 PMCID: PMC4264025 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.192716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One-carbon metabolism, which is crucial in DNA synthesis and genomic stability, is an interrelated network of biochemical reactions involved in several dietary and lifestyle factors. The development of the homocysteine score using these factors may be useful to reflect the status of one-carbon metabolism in large epidemiologic studies without biologic samples to measure homocysteine directly. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop an homocysteine score that reflects one-carbon metabolism better than individual dietary or lifestyle factors. METHODS We divided 2023 participants with measured plasma total homocysteine data in the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study into training (n = 1619) and testing (n = 404) subsets. Using multivariable linear regression, we selected lifestyle determinants of plasma homocysteine in the training set and derived the homocysteine score weighted by the β coefficient for each predictor. The validation of the homocysteine score was assessed using the plasma homocysteine in the independent samples of the training set. RESULTS In the training set, smoking, multivitamin use, and caffeine, alcohol, and dietary and supplemental folate intake were significant independent determinants of plasma homocysteine in multivariable linear regression (P ≤ 0.01) and were included in the derivation of the homocysteine score. The Pearson correlation of the homocysteine score with plasma homocysteine was 0.30 in the testing subset (P < 0.001). The homocysteine score was positively associated with the plasma homocysteine concentration in the testing subset and in an independent population of women; the mean difference of plasma homocysteine concentration between the extreme quintiles of homocysteine score ranged from 0.83 μmol/L to 1.52 μmol/L. Population misclassification either from the lowest quintile of plasma homocysteine into the highest quintile of the homocysteine score or from the highest quintile of plasma homocysteine into the lowest quintile of the homocysteine score was ≤12%. CONCLUSION These data indicate that the homocysteine score may be used with relatively inexpensive and simple questionnaires to rank an individual's one-carbon metabolism status when homocysteine data are not available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seungyoun Jung
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Youjin Je
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Epidemiology, and,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mandaviya PR, Stolk L, Heil SG. Homocysteine and DNA methylation: a review of animal and human literature. Mol Genet Metab 2014; 113:243-52. [PMID: 25456744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing non-protein forming amino acid, which is synthesized from methionine as an important intermediate in the one-carbon pathway. High concentrations of Hcy in a condition called hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) are an independent risk factor for several disorders including cardiovascular diseases and osteoporotic fractures. Since Hcy is produced as a byproduct of the methyltransferase reaction, alteration in DNA methylation is studied as one of the underlying mechanisms of HHcy-associated disorders. In animal models, elevated Hcy concentrations are induced either by diet (high methionine, low B-vitamins, or both), gene knockouts (Mthfr, Cbs, Mtrr or Mtr) or combination of both to investigate their effects on DNA methylation or its markers. In humans, most of the literature involves case-control studies concerning patients. The focus of this review is to study existing literature on HHcy and its role in relation to DNA methylation. Apart from this, a few studies investigated the effect of Hcy-lowering trials on restoring DNA methylation patterns, by giving a folic acid or B-vitamin supplemented diet. These studies which were conducted in animal models as well as humans were included in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja R Mandaviya
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Lisette Stolk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Sandra G Heil
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Yu D, Shu XO, Xiang YB, Li H, Yang G, Gao YT, Zheng W, Zhang X. Higher dietary choline intake is associated with lower risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver in normal-weight Chinese women. J Nutr 2014; 144:2034-40. [PMID: 25320186 PMCID: PMC4230213 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.197533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choline deficiency has been shown to induce liver fat accumulation in both rodent and human studies. However, it is unclear whether dietary choline intake is related to fatty liver in the general population. OBJECTIVE We examined the association between choline intake and nonalcoholic fatty liver. METHODS Participants included 56,195 Chinese women and men, 40-75 y of age, with no or negligible alcohol consumption and with no history of hepatitis, cardiovascular disease, or cancer. All participants reported undergoing liver ultrasonography. Fatty liver was defined by self-report of a physician diagnosis. Habitual dietary intakes were assessed via validated food-frequency questionnaires. RESULTS The average total choline intakes were 289 ± 85 mg/d in women and 318 ± 92 mg/d in men. Major food sources were eggs, soy foods, red meat, fish, and vegetables. A higher choline intake was associated with lower risk of fatty liver; after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and other dietary intakes, the ORs (95% CIs) for the highest vs. the lowest quintiles of choline intake were 0.68 (0.59, 0.79) in women and 0.75 (0.60, 0.93) in men (both P-trend < 0.01). The inverse association was attenuated after further adjustment for history of metabolic disease and, in particular, BMI. The corresponding ORs (95% CIs) were 0.88 (0.75, 1.03) in women (P-trend = 0.05) and 0.85 (0.68, 1.06) in men (P-trend = 0.09). Stratified analyses suggested a potential effect modification by obesity status in women; the OR (95% CI) across extreme quintiles was 0.72 (0.57, 0.91) in normal-weight women vs. 1.05 (0.84, 1.31) in overweight or obese women (P-trend = 0.007 vs. 0.99, P-interaction < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Higher dietary choline intake may be associated with lower risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver only in normal-weight Chinese women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danxia Yu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN; and
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN; and
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Honglan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Gong Yang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN; and
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN; and
| | - Xianglan Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN; and
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhang Q, Li Y, Liu J, Wang D, Zheng Q, Sun G. Differences of urinary arsenic metabolites and methylation capacity between individuals with and without skin lesions in Inner Mongolia, Northern China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:7319-32. [PMID: 25046631 PMCID: PMC4113878 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110707319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Incomplete arsenic (As) methylation has been considered a risk factor of As-related diseases. This study aimed to examine the difference of urinary As metabolites and the methylation capacity between subjects with and without skin lesions. Urinary inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) were analyzed. The percentage of each As species (iAs%, MMA%, and DMA%), the primary methylation index (PMI) and secondary methylation index (SMI) were calculated. The results showed that subjects with skin lesions have higher levels of urinary iAs (99.08 vs. 70.63 μg/g Cr, p = 0.006) and MMA (69.34 vs. 42.85 μg/g Cr, p = 0.016) than subjects without skin lesions after adjustment for several confounders. Significant differences of urianry MMA% (15.49 vs. 12.11, p = 0.036) and SMI (0.74 vs. 0.81, p = 0.025) were found between the two groups. The findings of the present study suggest that subjects with skin lesions may have a lower As methylation capacity than subjects without skin lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22, Qi Xiang Tai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Yongfang Li
- Environment and Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 92, Bei Er Road, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Juan Liu
- Library of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22, Qi Xiang Tai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Da Wang
- Environment and Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 92, Bei Er Road, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Quanmei Zheng
- Environment and Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 92, Bei Er Road, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Guifan Sun
- Environment and Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 92, Bei Er Road, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lewis ED, Kosik SJ, Zhao YY, Jacobs RL, Curtis JM, Field CJ. Total choline and choline-containing moieties of commercially available pulses. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 69:115-21. [PMID: 24682658 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-014-0412-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Estimating dietary choline intake can be challenging due to missing foods in the current United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) database. The objectives of the study were to quantify the choline-containing moieties and the total choline content of a variety of pulses available in North America and use the expanded compositional database to determine the potential contribution of pulses to dietary choline intake. Commonly consumed pulses (n = 32) were analyzed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC LC-MS/MS) and compared to the current USDA database. Cooking was found to reduce the relative percent from free choline and increased the contribution of phosphatidylcholine to total choline for most pulses (P < 0.05). Using the expanded database to estimate choline content of recipes using pulses as meat alternatives, resulted in a different estimation of choline content per serving (±30%), compared to the USDA database. These results suggest that when pulses are a large part of a meal or diet, the use of accurate food composition data should be used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin D Lewis
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Webb D, Donovan SM, Meydani SN. The role of Yogurt in improving the quality of the American diet and meeting dietary guidelines. Nutr Rev 2014; 72:180-9. [DOI: 10.1111/nure.12098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Densie Webb
- Health and Nutrition Communications; Austin Texas USA
| | - Sharon M Donovan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; University of Illinois; Urbana Illinois USA
| | | |
Collapse
|