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Y Valente J, de Oliveira Galvão PP, da Silva Dos Santos MH, Gubert FA, Sanchez ZM. The role of monitoring skills in mediating the association between parent's hazardous alcohol consumption and adolescents' drinking. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024:10.1007/s00127-024-02682-6. [PMID: 38703208 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-024-02682-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate whether parental monitoring skills mediate the effect of hazardous parental alcohol consumption on adolescents' lifetime alcohol use. METHODS This three wave longitudinal study was conducted with 884 families (n = 1,768 participants) to evaluate the effectiveness of a family-based drug prevention program for adolescents and parents across 12 Brazilian cities. We used structural equation mediation modeling to analyze the effect of hazardous parental alcohol consumption at baseline on adolescents' lifetime alcohol use at 12-month follow-up, mediated by parental monitoring skills latent dimension at 6-month follow-up. RESULTS We found a significant indirect effect of parents' hazardous alcohol use on adolescents' alcohol use through parental monitoring (OR:1.18, 95%CI:1.02;1.36). CONCLUSION Our finding underscores the importance of comprehensive preventive family alcohol approaches targeting adolescent alcohol use, which should consider both parental drinking behavior and monitoring practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Y Valente
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 740 - Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil.
| | - Patricia Paiva de Oliveira Galvão
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 740 - Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Miguel Henrique da Silva Dos Santos
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 740 - Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Fabiane A Gubert
- Department of Nursing, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Rua Alexandre Baraúna, 1115 - Rodolfo Te?filo, Fortaleza - CE, 60430-160, Brazil
| | - Zila M Sanchez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 740 - Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
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Stephenson M, Heron J, Bountress K, Hickman M, Kendler KS, Edwards AC. The effect of parental alcohol use on alcohol use disorder in young adulthood: Exploring the mediating roles of adolescent alcohol expectancies and consumption. J Adolesc 2023; 95:716-728. [PMID: 36751135 PMCID: PMC10257746 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parental alcohol use and problems are risk factors for alcohol use disorder (AUD), and these effects may be mediated by adolescent alcohol expectancies and consumption. In the present study, we tested the direct effects of mothers' and fathers' alcohol consumption on young adult AUD, as well as the indirect effects through adolescent maximum alcohol use, alcohol consumption, and alcohol expectancies. METHODS Participants were 5160 individuals (49.1% female) and their biological parents from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a cohort study of children born in southwestern England during 1991 and 1992. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test associations of mothers' and fathers' alcohol use (assessed when children were 12 years old) with age 24 AUD. Potential mediator variables included the maximum number of alcoholic drinks consumed within a 24-h period by age 13.5 and alcohol expectancies and alcohol consumption at ages 17 and 20. RESULTS Higher maternal and paternal alcohol use were associated with higher levels of alcohol consumption at age 17. Greater alcohol consumption, in turn, was related to a more severe presentation of AUD. The overall indirect effects of mothers' (b = 0.033, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.006, 0.059) and fathers' drinking (b = 0.041, 95% CI = 0.018, 0.064) on AUD were modest but significant, and were primarily comprised of adolescent alcohol consumption rather than alcohol expectancies. CONCLUSIONS Our findings underscore the importance of both mothers' and fathers' drinking for the development of alcohol use and problems across adolescence and young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory Stephenson
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Jon Heron
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol
| | - Kaitlin Bountress
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Matthew Hickman
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Alexis C. Edwards
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University
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Ohannessian CM, Vannucci A. Parent problem drinking trajectory classes predict anxiety in adolescence and emerging adulthood. J Affect Disord 2022; 308:577-586. [PMID: 35452756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study identified latent trajectory classes for maternal problem drinking and paternal problem drinking and examined the associations between these trajectory classes and offspring anxiety symptoms during adolescence and emerging adulthood. METHODS Participants (n = 870; 54% female; 59% non-Hispanic White; Mage = 16.10, SD = 0.71) were administered surveys during the spring of 2007, 2008, and 2009, and 2014. RESULTS Fit indices from parallel process growth mixture models suggested three dual trajectory classes: (1) Low initial levels of maternal problem drinking and paternal problem drinking that increased over time (Low-Both); (2) Low initial levels of maternal problem drinking that increased over time and high initial levels of paternal problem drinking that increased slightly over time (Low-Mom/High-Dad); (3) High initial levels of maternal problem drinking that increased slightly over time and low initial levels of paternal problem drinking that remained relatively stable over time (High-Mom/Low-Dad). Girls were more likely than boys to be classified in the Low-Mom/High-Dad and High-Mom/Low-Dad classes, relative to the Low-Both trajectory class. In addition, adolescents in the High-Mom/Low-Dad trajectory class reported the most anxiety symptoms during adolescence and emerging adulthood. LIMITATIONS Limitations include the reliance on one informant (the adolescent/emerging adult) and the geographically limited sample (northeastern United States). CONCLUSIONS Prevention and intervention programs aimed at reducing anxiety should consider changes in alcohol use in both the father and the mother over time. Moreover, special attention should be paid to maternal problem drinking given that it appears to be a salient risk factor for anxiety during adolescence and emerging adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine McCauley Ohannessian
- Department of Human Development & Family Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States of America.
| | - Anna Vannucci
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, 1190 Amsterdam Avenue, MC 5501, New York, NY 10027, United States of America
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4
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Kontu M, Hakko H, Riala K, Riipinen P. Adolescence Predictors for Drug Crime Offending: A Follow-up Study of Former Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients. Community Ment Health J 2021; 57:736-745. [PMID: 32910370 PMCID: PMC7981305 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-020-00708-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to examine adolescent predictors (family- and school-related factors, substance use, and psychiatric disorders) for drug crime offending. The initial study population consisted of 508 former adolescent psychiatric inpatients aged between 13 and 17 years. Of them, 60 (12%) had committed a drug crime by young adulthood and they were matched with 120 (24%) non-criminal controls by sex, age and family type. During adolescent hospitalization, study participants were interviewed using valid semi-structured research instruments. Criminal records were obtained from the Finnish Legal Register Centre up to young adulthood. A distant relationship with a father, lying, and thieving, moderate/high nicotine dependence and weekly use of stimulants were shown to be the most prominent predictors for drug crime offending. Our findings encourage the use of modern child- and family-centered approaches in preventing youth involvement in illegal drug use and drug crimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela Kontu
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, P.O.Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Helinä Hakko
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kaisa Riala
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pirkko Riipinen
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, P.O.Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Sørensen HJ, Manzardo A, Just-Østergaard E, Penick EC, Becker UMD, Mortensen EL, Knop J. Young adult predictors of alcohol dependence to age 53: a 44-year prospective cohort study of Danish men. Addiction 2021; 116:780-787. [PMID: 32710461 DOI: 10.1111/add.15209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine if (1) there is a positive association between drinking volume in young men and life-time risk of alcohol dependence (AD) and (2) there are other associations between young adulthood factors and life-time risk of AD. DESIGN Prospective cohort study of sons of fathers with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and matched low-risk controls without paternal AUD. Setting and participants A total of 204 men, who were assessed at baseline in 1979 at age 19-20 years, were followed through record linkage with Danish registers and consecutive psychiatric interviews at the ages of 33, 43 and 53 years. MEASUREMENTS AD diagnoses were interview-based according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd edition, or made by treating clinicians according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) revision 8 (ICD-8) until 1993 and revision 10 (ICD-10) from 1994.We estimated odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the development of AD after adjustment for confounders including smoking, social status and paternal AUD. FINDINGS The following variables from the examination at age 19-20 independently predicted life-time AD: alcohol consumption > 21 beverages/week versus 0-21 [odds ratio (OR) = 2.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.22-4.97], police contact (OR = 2.60, 95% CI = 1.28-5.28) and institutionalization related to the individual (OR = 2.90, 95% CI = 1.39-6.02). Compared with < 1 beverages/week, the risk for AD did not increase significantly for drinking volume categories: 1-7, 8-14 or 15-21 beverages/week. CONCLUSION Independently of other risk factors in young adulthood, young Danish men's risk for life-time alcohol dependence appears to be predicted by a drinking volume at age 19-20 years exceeding 21 beverages per week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger J Sørensen
- CORE Copenhagen Mental Health Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Gentofte, Denmark.,National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ann Manzardo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth C Penick
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Ulrik M D Becker
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Gastrounit Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Erik Lykke Mortensen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joachim Knop
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Cultural Accommodation of the Strengthening Families Program for Parents and Young Adolescents 10–14: Greek Phase I and II Study. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1339:283-299. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78787-5_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Grahn R, Padyab M, Lundgren L. Associations between a risky psychosocial childhood and recurrent addiction compulsory care as adult. NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2020; 37:54-68. [PMID: 32934593 PMCID: PMC7434189 DOI: 10.1177/1455072519882785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Treatment for substance use disorder (SUD), results, in general, in
improvements in terms of both drug use and social functioning. However,
there are clients who are in need of repeated treatment. The aim of this
retrospective study was to identify, for adults in compulsory care for
severe SUD, the association between reporting having experienced a risky
psychosocial childhood and repeated entries into the Swedish compulsory care
system for SUD. Method: Hierarchical logistic regression and mediation analysis methods were used to
analyse data from the Swedish National Board of Institutional Care (SiS)
database. The sample included 2719 adults assessed at their compulsory care
intake. The study examined the association between history of institutional
care, family with SUD or psychiatric problem and repeated compulsory care
entries as an adult controlling for main drug, age and gender. Results: In the regression model the factor with the strongest association with
repeated compulsory care intakes for SUD, was as a child having been in
mandated institutional care (OR = 2.0 (1.60–2.51)). The
proportion of the total effect that is mediated through LVU (law (1990:52)
the care of young persons (special provisions) act) was 33% for SUD problems
in family during childhood, 44% for psychiatric problems in family during
childhood, and 38% for having been in foster care. Conclusion: Having been in mandated institutional care as a youth was strongly associated
with repeated compulsory care for SUD as an adult. This is concerning since
receipt of services as a child is supposed to mediate against the
consequences of risky childhood conditions. These adults, as a group, are in
need of a well-coordinated and integrated system of extensive aftercare
services to reduce the likelihood of re-entry into compulsory care for an
SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lena Lundgren
- University of Denver Graduate School of Social Work, USA
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8
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Fernandes GS, Lewis G, Hammerton G, Abeysekera K, Mahedy L, Edwards A, Lewis G, Hickman M, Heron J. Alcohol consumption and internalising disorders in young adults of ALSPAC: a population-based study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2020; 74:1023-1027. [PMID: 32631846 PMCID: PMC8886795 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2020-213922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Depression and harmful alcohol consumption contribute significantly to the global health burden, but in young adults, this relationship is under-researched and conflicted. The aim of this study was to determine the sex-based prevalence and the association between internalising disorders such as depression and alcohol use disorders. Method Using the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, we assessed the sex-specific prevalence of International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision diagnosed generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), depression and fear-based anxieties (FBA) at 24 years (n=3572). We examined the association between internalising disorders and alcohol consumption using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test for Consumption 5+ threshold and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual on Mental Disorders defined criteria for alcohol dependence. Results Women reported more GAD (11.6% vs 6.5%), depression (13.4% vs 6.9%) and FBA (1.3% vs 0.5%) than men (p<0.001). Harmful drinking, after adjustment for sex and socioeconomic status, was associated witha higher prevalence of depression (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.4, p<0.001), anxiety (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.0, p<0.001) and FBA (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.04 to 5.56, p=0.009) compared with lower-risk drinkers. In contrast, hazardous drinking was associated with a lower prevalence of GAD (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.88) and depression (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.86) compared with lower-risk drinkers. Conclusions Young adults in the UK who drink harmfully are more likely to have depression and other internalising disorders. Further research should test whether there is a J-shaped relationship between alcohol consumption and mental health in young people and whether this varies across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwen Sascha Fernandes
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol School of Social and Community Medicine, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Gemma Hammerton
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol School of Social and Community Medicine, Bristol, UK
| | - Kushala Abeysekera
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol School of Social and Community Medicine, Bristol, UK
| | - Liam Mahedy
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol School of Social and Community Medicine, Bristol, UK
| | - Alexis Edwards
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavior Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Matthew Hickman
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jonathan Heron
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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9
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Stephenson M, Barr P, Ksinan A, Aliev F, Latvala A, Viken R, Rose R, Kaprio J, Dick D, Salvatore JE. Which adolescent factors predict alcohol misuse in young adulthood? A co-twin comparisons study. Addiction 2020; 115:877-887. [PMID: 31746044 PMCID: PMC7156309 DOI: 10.1111/add.14888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Research on adolescent predictors of later alcohol misuse is typically conducted on samples of singletons, and associations may be confounded by between-family differences. To address potential confounding, we applied a co-twin comparison design to evaluate whether differences between co-twins in a wide array of adolescent risk factors predicted differences in young adult alcohol misuse. DESIGN Longitudinal study in which associations between characteristics of the sample as adolescents were used to predict young adult alcohol misuse in individual-level analyses and co-twin comparisons. SETTING Finland. PARTICIPANTS A total of 3402 individuals (1435 complete twin pairs; 36% monozygotic; 57% female) from the FinnTwin12 study. MEASUREMENTS The young adult alcohol misuse outcome was a composite score of alcohol use and intoxication frequency. Adolescent predictors included factor scores representing academic performance, substance use, externalizing problems, internalizing problems, peer environment, physical health and relationship with parents; and single measures tapping alcohol expectancies, life events and pubertal development. FINDINGS In individual-level analyses, individuals with higher adolescent substance use, externalizing problems, time with friends, peer deviance, sports involvement, sleeping difficulties, parental discipline, positive alcohol expectancies and difficulty of life events reported higher alcohol misuse in young adulthood (Ps < 0.019, R2 = 0.0003-0.0310%). Conversely, those with higher adolescent internalizing problems, parent-child relationship quality and time with parents reported lower alcohol misuse (Ps < 0021, R2 = 0.0018-0.0093%). The associations with adolescent substance use and alcohol expectancies remained significant in co-twin comparisons (Ps < 0.049, R2 = 0.0019-0.0314%). Further, academic performance emerged as a significant predictor, such that individuals with higher grades compared with their co-twin reported higher young adult alcohol misuse (Ps < 0.029, R2 = 0.0449-0.0533%). CONCLUSIONS Adolescent substance use, positive alcohol expectancies and higher academic performance appear to be robust predictors of later alcohol misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory Stephenson
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Peter Barr
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Albert Ksinan
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA,Faculty of Business, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Antti Latvala
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Richard Viken
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Richard Rose
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Danielle Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jessica E. Salvatore
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA,Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Transition from nonuse to use of alcohol or binge drinking among adolescents: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Addict Behav 2020; 102:106159. [PMID: 31775065 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the predictors of the transition from nonuse of alcohol to the first use of alcohol and the first episode of binge drinking. METHODS Data were drawn from a randomized controlled trial conducted with seventh- and eighth-grade students from 72 public schools over a 21-month period in six cities in Brazil. A total of 3298 students who reported that they had never consumed alcoholic beverages and had never engaged in binge drinking at baseline were included in this study. The two binary outcomes were tested concomitantly via structural equation modeling. Maximum likelihood estimates for logistic regression models were performed to evaluate how baseline data regarding risk factors, such as sociodemographic characteristics (socioeconomic status, gender, and age), school experiences (violence and perception of academic performance), and social variables (family and friends), affected the initiation of alcohol use and binge drinking at 9- and 21-month follow-up assessments. RESULTS Older age, the perpetration of violent behaviors at baseline and the absence of the father living with the adolescent were predictors of both alcohol use initiation and binge drinking initiation. The #Tamojunto program showed iatrogenic effect for first alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate the need to develop and implement effective alcohol prevention programs that consider the main characteristics in the prediction model for alcohol consumption and binge drinking, including early intervention for aggressive behaviors at school and parental alcohol use.
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11
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Grahn R, Padyab M, Hall T, Lundgren L. The Associations between Risky Psychosocial Environment, Substance Addiction Severity and Imprisonment: A Swedish Registry Study. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:697-706. [PMID: 31813334 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1696823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Both childhood and adult psychosocial stressors have been identified as links to both increased risk for substance use disorder (SUD) and increased risk of imprisonment. The aim of this retrospective study is to identify, for a sample of 14,914 adults who all were assessed for risky substance use or a SUD, the importance of having a history of psychosocial stressors compared to current addiction severity. The analyses control for age, gender and education on the likelihood of future imprisonment. Method: Baseline Addiction Severity Index data (ASI) were merged with national registry data on prison sentences from 2003 to 2016. In the analysis, a Cox regression was used to study the association between independent variables and the likelihood of future imprisonment. Results: In the regression, five variables showed significant association to increased risk of imprisonment: ASI drugs other than alcohol Composite Score (positive relationship), ASI alcohol Composite Score (negative relationship), age (younger), education (lower) and parental problems with drugs other than alcohol. The factor with strongest association with imprisonment was the ASI drugs other than alcohol Composite Score, which showed the highest HR = 10.63 (3.50-32.31) for women and HR = 5.52 (3.77-8.08) for men to predict the likelihood of imprisonment. Discussion: Research is needed on why individuals with history of psychosocial stressors have a higher likelihood of imprisonment compared to their counterparts. Findings indicate that a high ASI Composite Score for drugs other than alcohol are strong predictors of future criminality and criminal justice system involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mojgan Padyab
- Department of Social Work, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Taylor Hall
- Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lena Lundgren
- University of Denver Graduate School of Social Work, Denver, Colorado, USA
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12
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Meque I, Salom C, Betts KS, Alati R. Predictors of Alcohol Use Disorders Among Young Adults: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies. Alcohol Alcohol 2019; 54:310-324. [PMID: 30942386 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agz020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are highly disabling neuropsychiatric conditions. Although evidence suggests a high burden of AUDs in young adults, few studies have investigated their life course predictors. It is crucial to assess factors that may influence these disorders from early life through adolescence to deter AUDs in early adulthood by tailoring prevention and intervention strategies. This review aims to assess temporal links between childhood and adolescent predictors of clinically diagnosed AUDs in young adults. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO and Embase databases for longitudinally assessed predictors of AUDs in young adults. Data were extracted and assessed for quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment tool for cohort studies. We performed our analysis by grouping predictors under six main domains. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Twenty two studies met the eligibility criteria. The outcome in all studies was measured according to the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Our review suggests strong links between externalizing symptoms in adolescence and AUDs in young adulthood, as well as when externalizing symptoms co-occur with illicit drug use. Findings on the role of internalizing symptoms and early drinking onset were inconclusive. Environmental factors were influential but changed over time. In earlier years, maternal drinking predicted early adult AUD while parental monitoring and school engagement were protective. Both peer and parental influences waned in adulthood. Further high-quality large longitudinal studies that identify distinctive developmental pathways on the aetiology of AUDs and assess the role of early internalizing symptoms and early drinking onset are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivete Meque
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Social Science Research, Level 2 Cycad Building (1018), 80 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly QLD, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Caroline Salom
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Social Science Research, Level 2 Cycad Building (1018), 80 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly QLD, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kim S Betts
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent Street Bentley Campus, Bentley, WA, Perth, Australia
| | - Rosa Alati
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Social Science Research, Level 2 Cycad Building (1018), 80 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly QLD, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent Street Bentley Campus, Bentley, WA, Perth, Australia
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13
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Haroz EE, Ingalls A, Kee C, Goklish N, Neault N, Begay M, Barlow A. Informing Precision Home Visiting: Identifying Meaningful Subgroups of Families Who Benefit Most from Family Spirit. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2019; 20:1244-1254. [PMID: 31432381 PMCID: PMC7082862 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-019-01039-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting Program was reauthorized February 8, 2018, and invests $2 billion over 5 years to improve mothers' and children's outcomes across the life course. Along with this investment, the home-visiting field is striving for implementation innovations to deliver the greatest impact to the most families at the most efficient cost through a focus on precision home visiting. Consistent with the precision home-visiting approach to identify meaningful subgroups to guide content tailoring, the purpose of this paper is to answer (1) how and to what degree an evidence-based home-visiting model benefits mothers and children with substance use or depression and (2) what baseline characteristics indicate who can benefit most. We completed a secondary data analysis of the most recently completed randomized controlled trial (RCT) of Family Spirit (N = 322), a federally endorsed home-visiting intervention designed for young Native American mothers and their children. We examined how baseline differences in mothers' substance use, depression, and demographic characteristics (household mobility, education, parity, and premature birth) moderated mothers' and children's intervention-related outcomes. Children born to mothers with past substance use histories benefited more from the intervention than children born to abstinent mothers (p < 0.01). Unstable housing, parity, and low educational attainment emerged as moderators of intervention effectiveness. Results from this investigation will serve as a basis for designing and evaluating a precision approach to Family Spirit and may provide lessons for other models to explore tailoring variables for optimal impact and efficiency. Trial Registry: NCT00373750.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Haroz
- Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - A Ingalls
- Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C Kee
- Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - N Goklish
- Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - N Neault
- Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Begay
- Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Barlow
- Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Meque I, Dachew BA, Maravilla JC, Salom C, Alati R. Externalizing and internalizing symptoms in childhood and adolescence and the risk of alcohol use disorders in young adulthood: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2019; 53:965-975. [PMID: 31035781 DOI: 10.1177/0004867419844308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that externalizing and internalizing symptoms are expressed early in life and are associated with problematic drinking in young adulthood. However, few studies have examined their role during childhood and adolescence in predicting alcohol problems later in life. OBJECTIVES To examine the role of childhood and adolescent externalizing and internalizing symptoms in predicting alcohol use disorders in young adulthood. METHODS We searched five electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Sciences and Embase) for studies which diagnosed alcohol use disorders through either the International Classification of Diseases or American Psychiatric Association - Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria and followed up children or adolescents into the transition to young adulthood. We performed a meta-analysis and obtained pooled odds ratio estimates with 95% confidence intervals using random-effects models. RESULTS A total of 12 longitudinal studies met eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. All measured the outcome using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria. The majority were of good quality and were conducted in the United States. A total of 19,407 participants (50% female) were included in this meta-analysis. Of these, n = 2337 (12%) had diagnoses of alcohol use disorders/alcohol dependence. Participant ages ranged from birth to 36 years. Internalizing symptoms increased the risk of young adult alcohol use disorders by 21% (odds ratio = 1.21; 95% confidence interval = [1.05, 1.39]), with no strong evidence of publication bias. Subgroup analysis suggested significantly lower heterogeneity than for externalizing studies. Externalizing symptoms increased the risk of alcohol use disorders by 62% (odds ratio = 1.62, 95% confidence interval = [1.39, 1.90]). We found some evidence of publication bias and significant heterogeneity in the studies. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the contribution of early behavioural problems to the development of alcohol use disorders in young adulthood and the need for timely scrutiny of and intervention on early behavioural problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivete Meque
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Berihun Assefa Dachew
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Joemer C Maravilla
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Caroline Salom
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rosa Alati
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
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15
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Zuquetto CR, Opaleye ES, Feijó MR, Amato TC, Ferri CP, Noto AR. Contributions of parenting styles and parental drunkenness to adolescent drinking. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2019; 41:511-517. [PMID: 30994851 PMCID: PMC6899350 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To estimate the association of parental drunkenness and parenting style with alcohol consumption among adolescents and the contributions of parental drunkenness and parenting style to the prevalence of binge drinking among adolescents. Method: Cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of secondary students aged 13 to 18 from 27 Brazilian state capitals (n=17,028). Private and public schools were included. A self-report questionnaire collected data on adolescents’ alcohol drinking behavior, parenting styles, and parenting and peer models of drunkenness. Results: Non-authoritative parenting style and parental drunkenness are associated with binge drinking among adolescents. Authoritarian, indulgent, and negligent parenting styles were associated with 1.50-, 2.51-, and 2.82-fold increases in prevalence of adolescent binge drinking, and parental drunkenness, with a 1.99-fold increase. The non-authoritative parenting style made a larger contribution than parental drunkenness to adolescent binge drinking. Conclusions: Non-authoritative parenting style and parental drunkenness seem to play an important role in adolescents’ binge drinking behavior. At the population level, parenting style appears associated with a greater contribution to this behavior among adolescents. Prevention strategies targeting parental drunkenness may be bolstered if a broader approach including parenting styles is in place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla R Zuquetto
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Saúde e Uso de Substâncias (NEPSIS), Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Emérita S Opaleye
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Saúde e Uso de Substâncias (NEPSIS), Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marianne R Feijó
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Saúde e Uso de Substâncias (NEPSIS), Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiana C Amato
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Saúde e Uso de Substâncias (NEPSIS), Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cleusa P Ferri
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Saúde e Uso de Substâncias (NEPSIS), Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana R Noto
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Saúde e Uso de Substâncias (NEPSIS), Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Predicting latent classes of drug use among adolescents through parental alcohol use and parental style: a longitudinal study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2019; 54:455-467. [PMID: 30542961 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-018-1645-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study examined the roles of parental alcohol use and parental style as predictors of adolescent patterns of drug use. METHODS 6391 students in the 7th and 8th grades at 72 Brazilian public schools participated in a three-wave randomized controlled trial to evaluate a school drug-use prevention program. Patterns of drug use were identified through two latent class analyses using measures of the adolescents' past-year drug use. Multinomial logistic regression analyses examined whether parental alcohol use and parenting style at baseline predicted patterns of drug use in waves 2 and 3 of the study after controlling for sociodemographic covariates. RESULTS In each of the two waves, three latent classes of drug use were identified among the students, defining three different groups of individuals: (1) abstainers/low users, (2) alcohol users/binge drinkers, and (3) polydrug users. First, parenting style (especially monitoring) was the strongest predictor for the prevention of polydrug use among adolescents. Second, occasional alcohol use by parents can act as a central predictor for adolescent alcohol use and binge drinking. Above all, maternal episodes of drunkenness were involved in the predictive models for both drug use classes in both waves. CONCLUSION Parental alcohol use and parenting style seem to be important predictors of adolescent's likelihood of belonging to different latent classes of drug use. This conclusion may point to the importance of considering the inclusion of parenting skills and parental alcohol use within the scope of adolescents' preventive interventions.
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Lund IO, Skurtveit S, Handal M, Bukten A, Ask Torvik F, Ystrøm E, Burdzovic Andreas J. Association of Constellations of Parental Risk With Children's Subsequent Anxiety and Depression: Findings From a HUNT Survey and Health Registry Study. JAMA Pediatr 2019; 173:251-259. [PMID: 30615089 PMCID: PMC6440260 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.4360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The research focus on children of parents with alcohol use disorder has eclipsed the potentially wider-reaching detrimental effects of subclinical parental drinking, both alone and in combination with other parental risk factors. OBJECTIVE To identify constellations of early parental risk characterized by variations in drinking, mental health, and education in both parents and examine their prospective associations with children's contact with the health care system for anxiety and/or depression (ie, diagnoses or treatment). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective study was based on linked survey and health registries data. The sample included 8773 children from 6696 two-parent families in Norway who participated in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) survey in 1995 to 1997 or 2006 to 2008, when the children were aged 13 to 19 years. Data were analyzed from January to September 2018. EXPOSURES Five constellations of early parental risks, characterized by variations in drinking frequencies and amounts, mental health, and education for both parents, as identified through latent profile analysis. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Children's diagnoses or treatment of anxiety and/or depression from 2008 to 2016 were recorded in 3 health registries. The primary outcome was the total number of registries where participants presented (ranging from 0 to 3). RESULTS Of the 8773 included children, 4404 (50.2%) were boys, and the mean (SD) age at the time of participation in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study was 16.1 (1.8) years. Prevalence of anxiety and/or depression, as evidenced in at least 1 registry record, was 24.3% (2132 of 8773). Early parental risk profiles risks marked by (1) the lowest parental education (adjusted relative risk, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.01-1.25) and (2) elevated drinking in both parents and elevated mental health symptoms in fathers (adjusted relative risk, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.03-2.22) were associated with a significant increase in risk of anxiety and/or depression in children from those families compared with children from no-risk families. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Studies seeking to understand prospective associations of parental drinking with children's mental health need to consider additional risk factors in combination with one another as well as parental behaviors and characteristics below clinically defined levels. When accumulated at a family level, even seemingly innocuous characteristics contributed to meaningful increases in risk of anxiety and/or depression among children, potentially translating into poorer mental health outcomes for many young people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Svetlana Skurtveit
- The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway,The Norwegian Center for Addiction Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marte Handal
- The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Bukten
- The Norwegian Center for Addiction Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fartein Ask Torvik
- The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Ystrøm
- The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Krohn MD, Larroulet P, Thornberry TP, Loughran TA. The Effect of Childhood Conduct Problems on Early Onset Substance Use: An Examination of the Mediating and Moderating Roles of Parenting Styles. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2019; 49:139-162. [PMID: 31462825 PMCID: PMC6713280 DOI: 10.1177/0022042618811784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the role that effective parenting plays in the relationship between childhood conduct problems and the early onset of drug use. Effective parenting is posited to have a direct protective effect on drug use, a moderating effect on the relationship between conduct problems and early onset, and mediate the relationship between conduct problems and early onset. Two-generational panel data are used to examine these relationships among 263 parent–child dyads. Support is found for the direct protective effect of effective parenting on early onset .and for a partial mediating effect of parenting in the relationship between conduct problems and early onset. There was no support found for parenting moderating the risk that is posed by having childhood conduct problems. Implications for preventing childhood conduct problems from resulting in early onset of drug use through enhancing efforts to help parents cope with such problems are discussed.
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Tran NT, Clavarino A, Williams GM, Najman JM. Gender Difference in Offspring's Alcohol Use Disorder by 21 Years: A Longitudinal Study of Maternal Influences. Subst Use Misuse 2018; 53:705-715. [PMID: 28960126 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2017.1363233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS There is little known about the extent to which maternal alcohol consumption influences offspring's alcohol use disorder. This study aims to examine whether different maternal alcohol consumption trajectories predict gender difference in adolescent alcohol use disorder at child age 21 years. METHODS Data are from a prospective cohort, the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (MUSP) and its outcomes. The study involves 2531 mother-child pairs for whom data are available at the 21-year follow-up survey. Maternal alcohol consumption trajectories were determined by group-based trajectory modelling. Offspring's lifetime ever alcohol use disorder was assessed using DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. RESULTS Over 14 years of follow-up after the birth of a child, three distinct alcohol consumption trajectories were identified (abstainer, low-stable. and moderate-escalating drinker). A maternal trajectory of moderate-escalating alcohol consumption independently predicted offspring's lifetime ever alcohol use disorder at 21 years after adjustment for a range of potential confounders. "Cross-gender influence" is observed in the study. CONCLUSIONS A maternal life course pattern of alcohol consumption may have an independent effect on offspring alcohol consumption, with male offspring being more vulnerable to the effects of maternal alcohol use than are female offspring. Programs intended to address alcohol consumption by adolescents and young adults need to focus on the behaviors of both parents but acknowledging that maternal patterns of alcohol consumption may be particularly important for male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam T Tran
- a ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course (Life Course Centre), Institute for Social Science Research , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia.,b Department of Sociology , Academy of Journalism and Communication , Hanoi , Vietnam
| | - Alexandra Clavarino
- c School of Pharmacy , University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
| | - Gail M Williams
- d School of Population Health , University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
| | - Jake M Najman
- a ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course (Life Course Centre), Institute for Social Science Research , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia.,d School of Population Health , University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia.,e Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
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Sellers CM, McManama O'Brien KH, Hernandez L, Spirito A. Adolescent Alcohol Use: The Effects of Parental Knowledge, Peer Substance Use, and Peer Tolerance of Use. JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR SOCIAL WORK AND RESEARCH 2018; 9:69-87. [PMID: 30250635 PMCID: PMC6150601 DOI: 10.1086/695809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parents and peers exert significant influence on a young person's decision to consume alcohol. This study examines the relationship between parental monitoring and adolescent alcohol consumption and tests whether peer substance use and tolerance of use mediates the relationship between monitoring and drinking. METHOD Participants included 116 adolescents (53.5% female; Mage = 15.6). All participants reported drinking alcohol in the past 6 months, and 96 participants had been previously admitted to a hospital emergency department for an alcohol-related event. Mediation analyses were used to test the study hypotheses. RESULTS The total effect of baseline parental monitoring on 6-month alcohol use was -1.15 (p < .01), with higher monitoring related to less use. Controlling for peer use and tolerance of use, the effect of parental monitoring was reduced to .46, leaving an indirect effect of .69 (p < .01). Peer use and tolerance of use had no effect on participant alcohol use when controlling for parental monitoring. CONCLUSIONS Study findings extend current knowledge about the interactive effects of parental supervision and peer influence on the drinking patterns of adolescents. Results underscore the importance of addressing both parental monitoring and peer influence in interventions that target adolescent alcohol use, recognizing peer factors as a potential mechanism of the effect that parental monitoring has on adolescent drinking.
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21
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Lynch ME, Kable JA, Coles CD. Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure in a prospective sample of young adults: Mental health, substance use, and difficulties with the legal system. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2017; 64:50-62. [PMID: 28986209 PMCID: PMC5739524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Few studies have focused on the transition to adulthood in adults with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). In this study, we examine the occurrence of problem behavior at this transition, including mental health problems, substance use, and difficulties with the legal system. The sample is prospective and provides an opportunity to examine effects of a wide range of prenatal exposure. Adults with PAE were expected to show more problem behavior; the impact of level of exposure was examined as well. METHOD The sample was drawn from a predominantly low-income, African-American population. Mothers of the alcohol-exposed participants (n=123) and those in the non-exposed SES-Control group (CONT) (n=59) were recruited at a prenatal visit when information on alcohol and drug use during pregnancy was collected. A disability contrast group (n=54) was recruited at adolescence. The adults with PAE were assigned to three groups varying in physical and cognitive effects of exposure. This report is based on the adults' responses to interviews or questionnaires on problem behavior and laboratory tests related to substance use. RESULTS Adults with PAE showed more problem behavior in all three areas than adults from the CONT group. For mental health problems, the exposed group showing cognitive, but not physical effects, had the highest scores; their scores were similar, however, to those of the disability contrast group on several scales. Results for outcomes on substance use and legal difficulties were less consistent, but, when significant effects occurred, the group that was exposed, but neither physically nor cognitively affected, was more likely to show negative outcomes. Males in this group were most involved in these behaviors. CONCLUSION Effects of PAE continue into early adulthood and affect mental health problems, substance use, and interactions with the legal system. Adults who are exposed, but less physically affected, seem to be the most involved in problem behavior. More research is necessary to examine environmental effects in conjunction with PAE on these outcomes and to provide a basis for developing potential interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ellen Lynch
- Center for Maternal Substance Abuse and Child Development, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 12 Executive Park Drive NE, Suite 200, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States..
| | - Julie A Kable
- Center for Maternal Substance Abuse and Child Development, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 12 Executive Park Drive NE, Suite 200, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States..
| | - Claire D Coles
- Center for Maternal Substance Abuse and Child Development, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 12 Executive Park Drive NE, Suite 200, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States..
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Kingsbury AM, Clavarino A, Mamun A, Saiepour N, Najman JM. Does having a difficult child lead to poor maternal mental health? Public Health 2017; 146:46-55. [PMID: 28404474 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Considerable evidence suggests maternal psychopathology influences that of their offspring. The probability of a reverse causal pathway has been only rarely considered but is a concern, given around 10% of children manifest mental impairment during their early years. This study determines the extent to which child behavior problems at ages 5 and 14 years are associated with mothers' mental health at 21 years post birth. STUDY DESIGN Longitudinal study. METHODS Data were taken from a sample of 3650 women from Mater and University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy birth cohort. Women's mental health was measured using the Mental Disorder Screening Tool at 21 years post birth. The Child Behavior Check List was used to measure internalizing, combined social/attention/thought disorder, and aggression at the age of 5 and 14 years. Logistic regression was used to derive odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. A number of confounders were used to test for independence. RESULTS Following all adjustments, child internalizing behaviors and combined social/attention/thought disorder at 5 years, and all measures of child behavior problem at 14 years were associated with mothers meeting criteria for mental health impairment at 21 years post birth. Moreover mothers of children with behavior problems at 14 years were approximately 2-3 times more likely to these meet these criteria. CONCLUSIONS Mothers of children with behavior problems at 5 and 14 years of age were more likely to have mental health impairment at 21 years post birth. Child health professionals should be cognizant of the mother-child relationship having mutual mental health vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Kingsbury
- The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia.
| | - Alexandra Clavarino
- The University of Queensland, School of Pharmacy, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia.
| | - Abdullah Mamun
- The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia.
| | - Nargess Saiepour
- The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia.
| | - J M Najman
- The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia.
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Mattick RP, Wadolowski M, Aiken A, Clare PJ, Hutchinson D, Najman J, Slade T, Bruno R, McBride N, Degenhardt L, Kypri K. Parental supply of alcohol and alcohol consumption in adolescence: prospective cohort study. Psychol Med 2017; 47:267-278. [PMID: 27702422 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716002373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents are a major supplier of alcohol to adolescents, yet there is limited research examining the impact of this on adolescent alcohol use. This study investigates associations between parental supply of alcohol, supply from other sources, and adolescent drinking, adjusting for child, parent, family and peer variables. METHOD A cohort of 1927 adolescents was surveyed annually from 2010 to 2014. Measures include: consumption of whole drinks; binge drinking (>4 standard drinks on any occasion); parental supply of alcohol; supply from other sources; child, parent, family and peer covariates. RESULTS After adjustment, adolescents supplied alcohol by parents had higher odds of drinking whole beverages [odds ratio (OR) 1.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33-2.45] than those not supplied by parents. However, parental supply was not associated with bingeing, and those supplied alcohol by parents typically consumed fewer drinks per occasion (incidence rate ratio 0.86, 95% CI 0.77-0.96) than adolescents supplied only from other sources. Adolescents obtaining alcohol from non-parental sources had increased odds of drinking whole beverages (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.86-3.45) and bingeing (OR 3.51, 95% CI 2.53-4.87). CONCLUSIONS Parental supply of alcohol to adolescents was associated with increased risk of drinking, but not bingeing. These parentally-supplied children also consumed fewer drinks on a typical drinking occasion. Adolescents supplied alcohol from non-parental sources had greater odds of drinking and bingeing. Further follow-up is necessary to determine whether these patterns continue, and to examine alcohol-related harm trajectories. Parents should be advised that supply of alcohol may increase children's drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Mattick
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre,University of New South Wales (UNSW) Australia,Sydney, NSW 2052,Australia
| | - M Wadolowski
- The Kirby Institute,University of New South Wales (UNSW) Australia,Sydney, NSW 2052,Australia
| | - A Aiken
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre,University of New South Wales (UNSW) Australia,Sydney, NSW 2052,Australia
| | - P J Clare
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre,University of New South Wales (UNSW) Australia,Sydney, NSW 2052,Australia
| | - D Hutchinson
- School of Psychology,Deakin University,Melbourne, VIC 3125,Australia
| | - J Najman
- Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre,University of Queensland,Brisbane, QLD 4072,Australia
| | - T Slade
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre,University of New South Wales (UNSW) Australia,Sydney, NSW 2052,Australia
| | - R Bruno
- School of Psychology,University of Tasmania,Hobart, TAS 7000,Australia
| | - N McBride
- National Drug Research Institute,Curtin University,GPO Box U1987,Perth, WA 6845,Australia
| | - L Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre,University of New South Wales (UNSW) Australia,Sydney, NSW 2052,Australia
| | - K Kypri
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics,School of Medicine and Public Health,University of Newcastle,Newcastle, NSW 2308,Australia
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Kuntsche E, Rossow I, Engels R, Kuntsche S. Is 'age at first drink' a useful concept in alcohol research and prevention? We doubt that. Addiction 2016; 111:957-65. [PMID: 26147610 DOI: 10.1111/add.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM To address and discuss the weaknesses of age at first drink (AFD) as a concept in alcohol research and prevention. METHODS Narrative literature review. RESULTS Varying from one sip to the consumption of several full drinks, and sometimes including the specification of particular conditions (e.g. without parental consent), no exact definition and operationalization of AFD was found. Evidence reveals poor test-retest reliability when the same individuals report their AFD two or more times. Theoretical arguments and empirical evidence fail to explain why having one sip or one drink earlier than peers should cause heavier drinking and related problems later in life. Alternative explanations such as self-selection, third variable effects and systematic report bias are not considered in most studies. These shortcomings also make AFD unsuitable as an indicator or marker of underlying problems such as conduct problems and academic failure. Together with unjustified causal inferences, this has led to an over-emphasis on the relevance of postponing AFD as a way to prevent problems later in life. CONCLUSION We argue in favour of shifting the focus of alcohol research and prevention away from AFD towards a better understanding of the progression from infrequent, low-quantity drinking to more detrimental drinking patterns and the prevention of associated acute and short-term harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Kuntsche
- Addiction Switzerland, Research Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ingeborg Rossow
- Norwegian Institute for Alcohol and Drug Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rutger Engels
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Trimbos Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra Kuntsche
- Addiction Switzerland, Research Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Rossow I, Keating P, Felix L, McCambridge J. Does parental drinking influence children's drinking? A systematic review of prospective cohort studies. Addiction 2016; 111:204-17. [PMID: 26283063 PMCID: PMC4832292 DOI: 10.1111/add.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate evidence of the capacity for causal inference in studies of associations between parental and offspring alcohol consumption in the general population. METHODS A systematic search for, and narrative analysis of, prospective cohort studies of the consequences of drinking, except where assessed prenatally only, or with clinically derived instruments. Primary outcome measures were alcohol use or related problems in offspring, which were collected at least 3 years after exposure measures of parental drinking. The systematic review included 21 studies comprising 26,354 families or parent-child dyads with quantitative effect measures available for each study. Criteria for capacity of causal inference included (1) theory-driven approach and analysis; (2) analytical rigour; and (3) minimization of sources of bias. RESULTS Four of the 21 included studies filled several, but not all, criteria and were assessed to have some capacity for causal inference. These four studies found some evidence that parental drinking predicted drinking behaviour in adolescent offspring. The remaining 17 studies had little or no such capacity. CONCLUSIONS There is a fairly large and consistent literature demonstrating that more parental drinking is associated with more drinking in offspring. Despite this, existing evidence is insufficient to warrant causal inferences at this stage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Keating
- Faculty of Public Health and PolicyLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | - Lambert Felix
- Faculty of Public Health and PolicyLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
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26
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Chan GCK, Leung J, Quinn C, Kelly AB, Connor JP, Weier M, Hall WD. Rural and Urban Differences in Adolescent Alcohol Use, Alcohol Supply, and Parental Drinking. J Rural Health 2015; 32:280-6. [PMID: 26450773 DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alcohol use is more prevalent in rural than urban areas in adult populations. Few studies have focused on adolescent drinking. This study investigated if adolescents in regional and rural areas of Australia were more likely to drink alcohol and if there were differences in parental drinking and alcohol supply across regions. METHODS A subsample from the National Drug Strategy Household Survey 2013, the largest nationally representative household survey on drug use in Australia, was used for this study. Participants who were aged 12-17 (N = 1,159) and participants who indicated they were parents or guardians of a dependent child (N = 7,059) were included in the analyses. Key measures were adolescent and parental alcohol use, parental supply of alcohol, and drinking location. FINDINGS Compared to those living in major cities, adolescents from inner regional and rural areas were at 85% and 121% higher odds, respectively, of obtaining their first alcohol from parents, and at 131% and 287% higher odds of currently obtaining their alcohol from their parents. Those from rural areas were at 126% higher odds of drinking in the past 12 months. Parents from inner regional and rural areas were at 45% and 63% higher odds, respectively, of heavy drinking; at 27% and 52% higher odds of weekly drinking; and at 26% and 37% higher odds of drinking at home. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents from rural areas were at higher risk of alcohol use. Parents in rural areas were more likely to use alcohol in ways that encourage adolescent drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary C K Chan
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Janni Leung
- Policy and Epidemiology Group, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Catherine Quinn
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adrian B Kelly
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason P Connor
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Megan Weier
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wayne D Hall
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,National Addiction Centre, Kings College, London, UK
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27
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Wadolowski M, Hutchinson D, Bruno R, Aiken A, Clare P, Slade T, Najman J, Kypri K, McBride N, Mattick RP. Early Adolescent Alcohol Use: Are Sipping and Drinking Distinct? Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:1805-13. [PMID: 26248081 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sipping alcohol is common during early adolescence, but research has ignored the distinction between sipping and drinking whole alcohol beverages, conflating the 2, or else simply classifying "sippers" as abstainers. Research has not addressed whether sippers are different to drinkers, in relation to variables known to be associated with adolescent alcohol consumption, or considered whether sipping and drinking behaviors may have quite different associations. METHODS Parent-child dyads (N = 1,823) were recruited in 3 states from Australian grade 7 classes. Multinomial logistic analyses compared adolescents who had only had a sip/taste of alcohol (sippers) with adolescents who had consumed at least a whole drink (drinkers) in the past 6 months. The multivariate model assessed a broad range of demographics, parenting practices, peer influences, and adolescent externalizing and internalizing behaviors, and controlled for school clustering. RESULTS Compared to drinkers, sippers were less likely to come from 1-parent households (odds ratio [OR] = 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.35 to 0.98); less likely to come from low-socioeconomic status (SES) households (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.31 to 0.94); more likely to come from families where parents provide stricter alcohol-specific rules (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.32), stricter monitoring of the child's activities (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.16), more consistent parenting practices (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.23), and more positive family relationships (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.02 to 2.43); and report having fewer substance-using peers (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.70 to 0.91) and greater peer disapproval of any substance use (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.19 to 1.42). After adjustment for confounders, the associations with household composition and SES were no longer significant, but the familial and peer associations remained significant in the multivariate analysis, χ(2) (40) = 1,493.06, p < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS Sipping alcohol has different associations with known predictors of adolescent alcohol use than drinking whole beverages, and sipping may be a distinct or separable behavior. Future research should better define quantities of early consumption and assess the relationship between early sipping and drinking on long-term outcomes separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Wadolowski
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Delyse Hutchinson
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Raimondo Bruno
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine (Psychology), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia
| | - Alexandra Aiken
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip Clare
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tim Slade
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jake Najman
- Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Kypros Kypri
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Nyanda McBride
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Richard P Mattick
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Strunin L, Díaz-Martínez A, Díaz-Martínez LR, Kuranz S, Hernández-Ávila CA, Pantridge CE, Fernández-Varela H. Natural mentors and youth drinking: a qualitative study of Mexican youths. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2015; 30:660-670. [PMID: 26187913 PMCID: PMC4592352 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyv030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Parental influences on youth drinking are well documented but not the influence of extended family members. This article explores extended family influences on alcohol use among Mexican youths and whether extended family members can be considered natural mentors. We conducted a qualitative study using ethnographic open ended interviews with 117 first year university students in Mexico City. The ethnographic interviews revealed six drinking groups: excessive, heavy, regular, occasional, abstainers and non drinkers. Youths reported close relationships with extended family members who provided counsel and acted as representatives of familial norms and values. The alcohol beliefs and behaviors of these family members, including their alcohol misuse, had a positive influence on youths' alcohol attitudes. The naturally occurring mentoring relationships of Mexican extended family members can positively influence moderate youth drinking. Natural mentoring relationships should be encouraged and facilitated in prevention efforts for Mexican youths, Mexican-American youths and potentially other Hispanic/Latino youths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Strunin
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Medical Campus, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Rm 452, Boston, MA 02118, USA,
| | - Alejandro Díaz-Martínez
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - L Rosa Díaz-Martínez
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico/National Institute on Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Seth Kuranz
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Medical Campus, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Rm 452, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Carlos A Hernández-Ávila
- Department of Psychiatry and Alcohol Research Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA and
| | - Caroline E Pantridge
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Medical Campus, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Rm 452, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Héctor Fernández-Varela
- General Medical Services, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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Klima T, Skinner ML, Haggerty KP, Crutchfield RD, Catalano RF. Exploring heavy drinking patterns among black and white young adults. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2015; 75:839-49. [PMID: 25208202 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2014.75.839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED ABSTRACT. OBJECTIVE This investigation examined patterns of heavy drinking among Black and White young adults from a person-centered perspective and linked family and individual factors in adolescence to young adult drinking patterns. METHOD The analysis focuses on 331 10th-grade students (168 Whites, 163 Blacks; 51% males) who were followed into young adulthood (ages 20 and 22). Cluster analyses using heavy episodic drinking, drunkenness, and alcohol problems in young adulthood resulted in groups of drinkers with different patterns. Groups were examined across and within race. Associations between young adult drinking groups and adolescent family and individual factors were tested. RESULTS Groups followed well-established race differences, with Whites clustering into frequent drinking groups more than Blacks, and Blacks clustering into non-heavy drinking groups more than Whites. Further, Black heavy drinkers reported fewer alcohol problems than White counterparts. Parental monitoring, consistent discipline, ethnic identity, and delinquency were associated with adult heavy episodic drinking groups for both races. Monitoring and delinquency, along with parental norms, were associated with drunkenness groups for both races. However, race differences were observed for drunkenness clusters such that attachment was predictive for White clusters, and parental guidelines and discipline were predictive for Black clusters. CONCLUSIONS Large race differences in heavy drinking at young adulthood were confirmed. Family dynamics in 10th grade were identified as important for the development of different drinking patterns in the early 20s, when many individuals have left home, which suggests a key target for substance use prevention programs. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 75, 839-849, 2014).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Klima
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Martie L Skinner
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kevin P Haggerty
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Richard F Catalano
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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30
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Alcohol expectancies in young children and how this relates to parental alcohol use. Addict Behav 2015; 45:93-8. [PMID: 25655929 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
According to the cognitive model of intergenerational transference, modeling of alcohol use is an indirect process in which parental drinking shapes alcohol expectancies of children, which in turn are associated with later alcohol use in adolescents. The present study examined whether parental alcohol use was related to alcohol expectancies and experimentation with alcohol use in young children. A community sample of 240 children aged 8.02 (SD=1.13) participated. Alcohol expectancies were assessed by means of the Berkeley Puppet Interview. Children reported consistently and reliably on the positive and negative consequences of alcohol use among adults. Their positive and negative expectancies were equally strong. Compared to younger children, older children had more negative and less positive expectancies. For girls, more paternal alcohol use was associated with less negative alcohol expectancies. For older children, more alcohol use of the mother was related to less positive expectancies, while more alcohol use of the father was related to more positive expectancies. The present study showed that young children already have clear ideas about the positive and negative consequences alcohol can have among adults, which can be captured with the Berkeley Puppet Interview. These expectancies are partly associated with alcohol use of their parents.
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31
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Bazzi AR, Rangel G, Martinez G, Ulibarri MD, Syvertsen JL, Bazzi SA, Roesch S, Pines HA, Strathdee SA. Incidence and Predictors of HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Female Sex Workers and Their Intimate Male Partners in Northern Mexico: A Longitudinal, Multilevel Study. Am J Epidemiol 2015; 181:723-31. [PMID: 25769307 PMCID: PMC4408950 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwu340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) requires an understanding of sexual relationship factors beyond the individual level. We estimated HIV/STI incidence and identified time-varying predictors of STI acquisition in a prospective cohort study of female sex workers and their intimate (noncommercial) male partners in northern Mexico. From 2010 to 2013, couples underwent behavioral and biological assessments biannually for 24 months. Among 413 initially HIV-uninfected participants, 8 seroconverted during follow-up. Incidence of HIV (1.12 cases/100 person-years (PY)), chlamydia (9.47 cases/100 PY), active syphilis (4.01 cases/100 PY), and gonorrhea (1.78 cases/100 PY) was higher among women than among men (HIV: P = 0.069; all STIs combined: P < 0.001). In multivariable conditional logistic regression with individual fixed effects and correlated error terms within couples, risk of STI acquisition was significantly higher among women who had recently used cocaine, crack, or methamphetamine (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.13, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07, 4.28). STI risk was lower among women who reported physically assaulting their male partners (adjusted OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.86) and among men whose female partners had regular sex-work clients (adjusted OR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.14, 1.03). Improving vulnerable couples' sexual health will require addressing the contexts in which drug use, interpersonal conflict, and economic vulnerability converge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Steffanie A. Strathdee
- Correspondence to Dr. Steffanie A. Strathdee, Division of Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0507 (e-mail: )
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Demirbaş H. Substance and Alcohol use in Young Adults in Turkey as Indicated by the CAGE Questionnaire and Drinking Frequency. Noro Psikiyatr Ars 2015; 52:29-35. [PMID: 28360672 DOI: 10.5152/npa.2015.6916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to determine drinking problems and to analyze the socio-demographic factors associated with problematic alcohol use in young adults. METHODS The study included 262 students who were surveyed for substance use problems in a postgraduate program using the Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye opener (CAGE) Questionnaire. The relationships between socio-demographic variables and alcohol use were assessed using both univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Of the whole sample, 56.11% reported that they had tried drinking alcohol and 1.91% had tried cannabis. The prevalence of problematic alcohol use was 15.3% and 29.7% according to CAGE1+ and past-year drinking frequency, respectively. Alcohol use by mothers was an important differentiating factor for alcohol use by their daughters. Graduating from a university located in the Eastern/Southeastern Anatolia regions, graduating from a private high school, and having average academic performance levels were determinants of problematic alcohol use according to CAGE1+ and frequency of drinking. CONCLUSION This study suggests there is need for early intervention to prevent exposure to the risk factors for problematic alcohol use in young adults, emphasizing that probable presence of an alcohol use disorder and high frequency of drinking are related to socio-demographic factors (high school type, geographical location of the university, and family structure).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Demirbaş
- Department of Psychology, Gazi University Faculty of Arts, Ankara, Turkey
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33
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Lee JO, Hill KG, Guttmannova K, Hartigan LA, Catalano RF, Hawkins JD. Childhood and adolescent predictors of heavy episodic drinking and alcohol use disorder at ages 21 and 33: a domain-specific cumulative risk model. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2015; 75:684-94. [PMID: 24988267 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2014.75.684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Guided by a domain-specific cumulative risk model and an emerging notion of general and alcohol-specific influences, this study examined whether general and alcohol-specific influences from family, peer, and school contexts in childhood and adolescence differentially predict heavy episodic drinking and alcohol use disorder at two developmental periods: the transition to adulthood (age 21) and later in adulthood (age 33). METHOD Data are from a longitudinal panel study (n = 808) examining the etiology of substance use problems and associated behavior problems from age 10 to age 33 in a Northwest United States urban community sample. The sample is ethnically diverse and evenly distributed by gender (51% male). RESULTS At age 21, alcohol problems were most consistently predicted by adolescent family alcohol and peer alcohol environments and by peer general environment, but not by general family functioning. Conversely, by age 33, alcohol problems were more consistently predicted by general poor family functioning in adolescence and not by family alcohol or any of the peer environment measures. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent family and peer alcohol environment influenced alcohol problems at the transition to adulthood. However, alcohol problems later in adulthood were more strongly associated with general poor family functioning in adolescence. These results suggest that alcohol prevention efforts should involve both components designed to reduce alcohol-specific risk and components to improve general family and peer environments during childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungeun Olivia Lee
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Karl G Hill
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Katarina Guttmannova
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lacey A Hartigan
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Richard F Catalano
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - J David Hawkins
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Rüütel E, Sisask M, Värnik A, Värnik P, Carli V, Wasserman C, Hoven CW, Sarchiapone M, Apter A, Balazs J, Bobes J, Brunner R, Corcoran P, Cosman D, Haring C, Iosue M, Kaess M, Kahn JP, Poštuvan V, Sáiz PA, Wasserman D. Alcohol consumption patterns among adolescents are related to family structure and exposure to drunkenness within the family: results from the SEYLE project. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:12700-15. [PMID: 25493392 PMCID: PMC4276641 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph111212700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is expedient evidence showing that differences in adolescent alcohol consumption and other risk-behaviour depend on both family structure and family member drunkenness exposure. Data were obtained among adolescents (N = 12,115, mean age 14.9 ± 0.89) in Austria, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy,Romania, Slovenia and Spain within the European Union'ss 7th Framework Programme funded project, 'Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe (SEYLE)’. The current study reveals how adolescents' alcohol consumption patterns are related to their family structure and having seen their family member drunk. The results revealed statistically significant differences in adolescent alcohol consumption depending on whether the adolescent lives in a family with both birth parents, in a single-parent family or in a family with one birth parent and one step-parent. The study also revealed that the abstaining from alcohol percentage among adolescents was greater in families with both birth parents compared to other family types. The study also showed that the more often adolescents see their family member drunk the more they drink themselves. There is no difference in adolescent drinking patterns whether they see their family member drunk once a month or once a week. This study gives an insight on which subgroups of adolescents are at heightened risk of alcohol abuse and that decrease of family member drunkenness may have positive effects on the drinking habits of their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Rüütel
- Estonian-Swedish Mental Health and Suicidology Institute, Tallinn University Social Work Institute, Tallinn 11615, Estonia; E-Mails: (M.S.); (A.V.); (P.V.)
- Justice College, Estonian Academy of Security Sciences, Tallinn 12012, Estonia
| | - Merike Sisask
- Estonian-Swedish Mental Health and Suicidology Institute, Tallinn University Social Work Institute, Tallinn 11615, Estonia; E-Mails: (M.S.); (A.V.); (P.V.)
| | - Airi Värnik
- Estonian-Swedish Mental Health and Suicidology Institute, Tallinn University Social Work Institute, Tallinn 11615, Estonia; E-Mails: (M.S.); (A.V.); (P.V.)
| | - Peeter Värnik
- Estonian-Swedish Mental Health and Suicidology Institute, Tallinn University Social Work Institute, Tallinn 11615, Estonia; E-Mails: (M.S.); (A.V.); (P.V.)
| | - Vladimir Carli
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health (NASP) at Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden; E-Mails: (V.C.); (D.W.)
| | - Camilla Wasserman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University-New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; E-Mails: (C.W.); (C.W.H.)
| | - Christina W. Hoven
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University-New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; E-Mails: (C.W.); (C.W.H.)
| | - Marco Sarchiapone
- Medicine and Health Science Department, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; E-Mails: (M.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Alan Apter
- Feinberg Child Study Center, Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; E-Mail:
| | - Judit Balazs
- Vadaskert Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Hospital, Budapest 1021, Hungary; E-Mail:
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest 1064, Hungary
| | - Julio Bobes
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Oviedo 33003, Spain; E-Mails: (J.B.); (P.A.S.)
| | - Romuald Brunner
- Section for Disorders of Personality Development, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69047, Germany; E-Mails: (R.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Paul Corcoran
- National Suicide Research Foundation, Cork, Ireland; E-Mail:
| | - Doina Cosman
- Clinical Psychology Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400012, Romania; E-Mail:
| | - Christian Haring
- Research Division for Mental Health, University for Health Science, Medical Informatics Technology (UMIT), Hall in Tyrol 6060, Austria; E-Mail:
| | - Miriam Iosue
- Medicine and Health Science Department, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; E-Mails: (M.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Michael Kaess
- Section for Disorders of Personality Development, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69047, Germany; E-Mails: (R.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Jean-Pierre Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire CHU de NANCY, Université de Lorraine, Nancy 54500, France; E-Mail:
| | - Vita Poštuvan
- Slovene Center for Suicide Research, UP IAM, University of Primorska, Koper SI-6000, Slovenia; E-Mail:
| | - Pilar A. Sáiz
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Oviedo 33003, Spain; E-Mails: (J.B.); (P.A.S.)
| | - Danuta Wasserman
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health (NASP) at Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden; E-Mails: (V.C.); (D.W.)
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Salom CL, Betts KS, Williams GM, Najman JM, Scott JG, Alati R. Do young people with comorbid mental and alcohol disorders experience worse behavioural problems? Psychiatry Res 2014; 219:372-9. [PMID: 24953903 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This article examines whether young individuals in the general population with comorbid alcohol use and mental health disorders experience worse internalizing and externalizing behaviour problems than those with single disorders. A large cohort of women at the Mater Misericordiae Hospital in Brisbane, Australia, was enroled during pregnancy in a longitudinal study. Mother/offspring dyads were followed over 21 years. At age 21, offspring behaviour problems were examined using the Young Adult Self Report, alcohol and mental health disorders with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Associations between comorbidity and behaviour problems were assessed using multinomial logistic regression, accounting for life-course factors. Twelve per cent of young adults had alcohol/mental health DSM-IV disorders with significant temporal overlap. A further 16% had alcohol disorders only and 23% mental health disorders only. The comorbid group scored significantly higher on total and externalizing behaviour problems but not internalizing behaviour problems. Stronger associations of aggression/delinquency with comorbidity were not fully accounted for by factors known to influence separate development of mental health and alcohol disorders. Young adults with comorbid alcohol/mental health disorders experience more, and more severe, behavioural problems than those with single disorder types, indicating an increased burden from comorbidity, with implications for treatment and public order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline L Salom
- School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston 4006, Australia.
| | - Kim S Betts
- School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston 4006, Australia
| | - Gail M Williams
- School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston 4006, Australia
| | - Jackob M Najman
- School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston 4006, Australia; School of Social Science, University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - James G Scott
- The University of Queensland, UQCCR, Herston, Australia; Metro North Mental Health, Royal Brisbane & Women׳s Hospital, Herston, Australia
| | - Rosa Alati
- School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston 4006, Australia; Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
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36
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Frank DA, Kuranz S, Appugliese D, Cabral H, Chen C, Crooks D, Heeren T, Liebschutz J, Richardson M, Rose-Jacobs R. Problematic substance use in urban adolescents: role of intrauterine exposures to cocaine and marijuana and post-natal environment. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 142:181-90. [PMID: 24999059 PMCID: PMC4180288 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Linkages between intrauterine exposures to cocaine and marijuana and adolescents' problematic substance use have not been fully delineated. METHODS Prospective longitudinal study with assessors unaware of intrauterine exposure history followed 157 urban participants from birth until late adolescence. Level of intrauterine exposures was identified by mother's report and infant's meconium. Problematic substance use, identified by the Voice Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (V-DISC) or the Audio Computer Assisted Self-Interview (ACASI) and urine assay, was a composite encompassing DSM-IV indication of tolerance, abuse, and dependence on alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco and any use of cocaine, glue, or opiates. RESULTS Twenty percent (32/157) of the sample experienced problematic substance use by age 18 years, of whom the majority (22/157) acknowledged abuse, tolerance or dependence on marijuana with or without other substances. Structural equation models examining direct and indirect pathways linking a Cox survival model for early substance initiation to a logistic regression models found effects of post-natal factors including childhood exposure to violence and household substance use, early youth substance initiation, and ongoing youth violence exposure contributing to adolescent problematic substance use. CONCLUSION We did not identify direct relationships between intrauterine cocaine or marijuana exposure and problematic substance use, but did find potentially modifiable post-natal risk factors also noted to be associated with problematic substance use in the general population including earlier substance initiation, exposure to violence and to household substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A. Frank
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, 771 Albany Street, Dowling Ground, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Seth Kuranz
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Danielle Appugliese
- Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Howard Cabral
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, 3rd floor, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Clara Chen
- Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Denise Crooks
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, 771 Albany Street, Dowling Ground, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Timothy Heeren
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, 3rd floor, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Jane Liebschutz
- Clinical Addiction Research and Education Unit, Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, 3rd floor, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Mark Richardson
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, 771 Albany Street, Dowling 7 Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Ruth Rose-Jacobs
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, 771 Albany Street, Dowling Ground, Boston, MA 02118, United States
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The role of parental alcohol use, parental discipline and antisocial behaviour on adolescent drinking trajectories. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 134:178-84. [PMID: 24479151 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Parental drinking, harsh parental discipline and adolescent antisocial behaviour have been independently implicated in adolescent alcohol use. Robust prospective studies are required to examine developmental relationships between these factors and their effect on trajectories of alcohol use across adolescence. METHODS Data were ascertained at three consecutive adolescent waves (13.5, 15.5 and 17.5 years) from the Australian Temperament Project, a 15-wave (30 year) general population birth cohort in Victoria, Australia. Adolescent alcohol trajectories, adjusted for time-varying measures of parenting and antisocial behaviour, were regressed on time-stable measures of parental alcohol use. The full case analysis comprised 751 individuals with complete data. RESULTS Two distinct alcohol trajectories were identified across the three adolescent waves after adjusting for time-varying factors: a higher and lower drinking group. Both trajectories increased linearly over the study period. Antisocial behaviour was positively associated with both trajectories while harsh parental discipline was positively associated with alcohol use in the lower-use group only. Increased maternal and paternal drinking at 13.5 years placed teenagers at a greater risk of being included in the high-risk trajectory. CONCLUSION Parental drinking was the strongest predictor of different drinking trajectories in adolescence. This finding underscores the importance of comprehensive public heath approaches that target both parental and adolescent drinking attitudes and behaviour.
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38
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Mares SHW, Lichtwarck-Aschoff A, Engels RCME. Intergenerational transmission of drinking motives and how they relate to young adults' alcohol use. Alcohol Alcohol 2013; 48:445-51. [PMID: 23531719 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agt025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study examined whether parental drinking motives are associated with young adults' drinking motives, and their association with young adults' drinking behaviors. METHODS The sample consisted of 290 18-year-old and 289 20-year-old drinking young adults and their parents. RESULTS For the younger group, stronger maternal coping motives were related to stronger social and enhancement motives, while stronger paternal coping motives were associated with stronger young adult coping motives. For the older group, stronger maternal coping motives were related to stronger social motives and stronger paternal enhancement motives were associated with stronger overall young adult drinking motives. For the younger group, both enhancement and conformity motives were predictive of their alcohol use. For the older group, only higher social motives were predictive of higher alcohol use. Both groups' higher coping and enhancement motives were associated with more drinking problems. CONCLUSIONS While, concerning content, there are some differences due to parent gender and adolescent age, stronger parental drinking motives are indeed associated with stronger adolescent drinking motives, which in turn are quite consistently related to more adolescent alcohol use and alcohol-related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne H W Mares
- Behavioural Science Institue, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherland.
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Rossow I, Kuntsche E. Early Onset of Drinking and Risk of Heavy Drinking in Young Adulthood-A 13-Year Prospective Study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2012; 37 Suppl 1:E297-304. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01924.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg Rossow
- Norwegian Institute for Alcohol and Drug Research ; Oslo; Norway
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40
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Bell RL, Franklin KM, Hauser SR, Zhou FC. Introduction to the special issue "Pharmacotherapies for the treatment of alcohol abuse and dependence" and a summary of patents targeting other neurotransmitter systems. RECENT PATENTS ON CNS DRUG DISCOVERY 2012; 7:93-112. [PMID: 22574678 PMCID: PMC3868366 DOI: 10.2174/157488912800673155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper introduces the Special Section: Pharmacotherapies for the Treatment of Alcohol Abuse and Dependence and provides a summary of patents targeting neurotransmitter systems not covered in the other four chapters. The World Health Organization notes that alcoholic-type drinking results in 2.5 million deaths per year, and these deaths occur to a disproportionately greater extent among adolescents and young adults. Developing a pharmacological treatment targeting alcohol abuse and dependence is complicated by (a) the heterogeneous nature of the disease(s), (b) alcohol affecting multiple neurotransmitter and neuromodulator systems, and (c) alcohol affecting multiple organ systems which in turn influence the function of the central nervous system. Presently, the USA Federal Drug Administration has approved three pharmacotherapies for alcoholism: disulfiram, naltrexone, and acamprosate. This chapter provides a summary of the following systems, which are not covered in the accompanying chapters; alcohol and acetaldehyde metabolism, opioid, glycinergic, GABA-A, neurosteroid, dopaminergic, serotonergic, and endocannabinoid, as well as patents targeting these systems for the treatment of alcoholism. Finally, an overview is presented on the use of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics in tailoring treatments for certain subpopulations of alcoholics, which is expected to continue in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L. Bell
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, 791 Union Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, USA
| | - Kelle M. Franklin
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, 791 Union Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, USA
| | - Sheketha R. Hauser
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, 791 Union Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, USA
| | - Feng C. Zhou
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, 635 Barnhill Drive MS-508, Indian-apolis, Indiana, 46202, USA
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41
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Guttmannova K, Hill KG, Bailey JA, Lee JO, Hartigan LA, Hawkins JD, Catalano RF. Examining explanatory mechanisms of the effects of early alcohol use on young adult alcohol dependence. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2012; 73:379-90. [PMID: 22456243 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2012.73.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined potential explanatory mechanisms linking childhood alcohol use onset and chronicity of adult alcohol dependence by testing the following three competing hypotheses: (1) a marker hypothesis, where early onset of alcohol use may be simply a marker for other factors that have been linked to both age at initiation and adult alcohol problems; (2) a compromised development hypothesis, where early alcohol initiation may interfere with adolescent development, which can lead to later alcohol problems; and (3) an increased substance use hypothesis, where early onset of alcohol use may lead to increased substance use in adolescence and, in turn, chronic alcohol dependence. METHOD Data came from a longitudinal community sample of 808 participants recruited at age 10 in 1985. Participants were followed through age 33 in 2008 with 92% retention. RESULTS Childhood onset of alcohol use (before age 11), when compared with initiation during adolescence, predicted an increased chronicity of adult alcohol dependence, even after accounting for the hypothesized confounds from the marker hypothesis. In addition, adolescent compromised functioning did not mediate this relationship between early alcohol use and chronicity of adult dependence (Hypothesis 2), nor did adolescent substance use (Hypothesis 3). However, compromised functioning and substance use in adolescence predicted increased chronicity of alcohol dependence in young adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Prevention efforts as early as the elementary grades should focus on delaying the onset of alcohol use and reducing substance use in adolescence as well as improving school functioning, reducing adolescent problem behaviors, and targeting adolescent peer networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Guttmannova
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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42
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Stone AL, Becker LG, Huber AM, Catalano RF. Review of risk and protective factors of substance use and problem use in emerging adulthood. Addict Behav 2012; 37:747-75. [PMID: 22445418 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 490] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This review examines the evidence for longitudinal predictors of substance use and abuse in emerging adulthood. Nationally representative data from the 2007 National Survey on Drug use and Health suggest that many substance use problems reach their peak prevalence during emerging adulthood (usually defined as the period from age 18 to age 26). This stage of development is characterized by rapid transitions into new social contexts that involve greater freedom and less social control than experienced during adolescence. Concurrent with this newfound independence is an increase in rates of substance use and abuse. Understanding the risk and protective factors associated with emerging adult substance use problems is an important step in developing interventions targeting those problems. While multiple reviews have examined risk and protective factors for substance use during adolescence, and many of these earlier predictors may predict emerging adult substance use, few studies have focused primarily on the emerging adult outcomes examining predictors from both adolescence and emerging adulthood. This review used the databases PubMed and PsycInfo to identify articles pertaining to longitudinal predictors of substance use problems in emerging adulthood, building from the conceptual framework presented in a review on risk and protective factors for adolescent substance abuse by Hawkins and colleagues (Hawkins, Catalano, & Miller, 1992). Predictors identified as predictors of substance use in adolescence, sometimes decreased in strength and in one case reversed direction. Unique predictors in emerging adulthood were also identified. Implications for prevention science during adolescence and emerging adulthood are discussed as well as suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Stone
- University of Washington Bothell, School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, 18115 Campus Way NE, Box 358530, Bothell, WA 98011, USA.
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43
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Zhang L, Wieczorek WF, Welte JW. The influence of parental and peer drinking behaviors on underage drinking and driving by young men. JOURNAL OF DRUG EDUCATION 2012; 42:347-59. [PMID: 23705513 PMCID: PMC3873718 DOI: 10.2190/de.42.3.f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have consistently found that parental and peer drinking behaviors significantly influence adolescent drinking behavior and that adolescent drinking has a significant effect on their drinking-and-driving behavior. Building upon these studies, the present article assesses whether parental and peer drinking behaviors have direct and indirect effects on adolescent drinking and driving as well as whether they moderate the effect of adolescent drinking on their drinking-and-driving behavior. METHODS The assessment is conducted using data collected from the Buffalo Longitudinal Survey of Young Men (BLSYM) with Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analyses. RESULTS The data reveal that peer drinking has direct and indirect effects on adolescent drinking-and-driving behavior when adolescent drinking behavior is controlled. It also moderates the effect of adolescent drinking behavior on their drinking and driving. However, parental drinking does not have these direct and interactive effects, although it may have an indirect effect on adolescent drinking and driving via adolescent drinking behavior. CONCLUSIONS These findings imply that peer drinking behavior should be considered seriously in prevention and intervention for reducing the risk of adolescent drinking-and-driving behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lening Zhang
- Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice, Saint Francis University, Loretto, Pennsylvania 15940, USA.
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44
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Hayatbakhsh MR, Najman JM, Bor W, Clavarino A, Alati R. School performance and alcohol use problems in early adulthood: a longitudinal study. Alcohol 2011; 45:701-9. [PMID: 21367570 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2010.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
There is inconsistent evidence about the association between school performance and subsequent use of alcohol and alcohol problems in adolescents and young adults. This study examines whether school performance at 14 years is associated with drinking problems in early adulthood; and whether this association is explained by family and individual factors in childhood and adolescence. Data were from a 21-year follow-up of 3,478 Australian young adults from birth to the age of 21 years when data on use of alcohol were collected. Child school performance (CSP) was assessed at 14 years via self- and maternal report. Alcohol consumption at 21 years was measured via self-report, and alcohol abuse and dependence were assessed by the computerized version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI-Auto). Potential confounding factors were prospectively measured between the child's birth and age of 14 years. School performance at 14 years predicted young adults' alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorders (AUDs). After controlling for confounding, children who had lower school performance had increased risk of drinking more than two glasses of alcohol per day in early adulthood (odds ratio=1.7; 95% confidence interval: 1.1-2.6). There was a similar pattern of association between CSP and young adults' alcohol abuse and dependence (AUD) measured by CIDI-Auto. Level of academic performance in high school children predicts their drinking problems as young adults, independently of a selected group of individual and family confounders. Exploration of the pathway linking school performance and alcohol problems in young people may help identify opportunities for preventive interventions.
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45
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Sørensen HJ, Manzardo AM, Knop J, Penick EC, Madarasz W, Nickel EJ, Becker U, Mortensen EL. The contribution of parental alcohol use disorders and other psychiatric illness to the risk of alcohol use disorders in the offspring. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2011; 35:1315-20. [PMID: 21676003 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01467.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few population-based studies have investigated associations between parental history of alcoholism and the risk of alcoholism in offspring. The aim was to investigate in a large cohort the risk of alcohol use disorders (AUD) in the offspring of parents with or without AUD and with or without hospitalization for other psychiatric disorder (OPD). METHODS Longitudinal birth cohort study included 7,177 men and women born in Copenhagen between October 1959 and December 1961. Cases of AUD were identified in 3 Danish health registers and cases of OPD in the Danish Psychiatric Central Register. Offspring registration with AUD was analyzed in relation to parental registration with AUD and OPD. Covariates were offspring gender and parental social status. RESULTS Both maternal and paternal registration with AUD significantly predicted offspring risk of AUD (odds ratios 1.96; 95% CI 1.42 to 2.71 and 1.99; 95% CI 1.54 to 2.68, respectively). The association between maternal, but not paternal, OPD and offspring AUD was also significant (odds ratios 1.46; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.86 and 1.26; 95% CI 0.95 to 1.66, respectively). Other predictors were male gender and parental social status. A significant interaction was observed between paternal AUD and offspring gender on offspring AUD, and stratified analyses showed particularly strong associations of both paternal and maternal AUD with offspring AUD in female cohort members. CONCLUSIONS Parental AUD was associated with an increased risk of offspring AUD independent of other significant predictors, such as gender, parental social status, and parental psychiatric hospitalization with other diagnoses. Furthermore, this association appeared to be stronger among female than male offspring. The results suggest that inherited factors related to alcoholism are at least as important in determining the risk of alcoholism among daughters as among sons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger J Sørensen
- Department of Psychiatry, Amager Hospital, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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46
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Burk LR, Armstrong JM, Goldsmith HH, Klein MH, Strauman TJ, Costanzo P, Essex MJ. Sex, temperament, and family context: how the interaction of early factors differentially predict adolescent alcohol use and are mediated by proximal adolescent factors. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2011; 25:1-15. [PMID: 21443307 PMCID: PMC3174803 DOI: 10.1037/a0022349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent alcohol use is common and has serious immediate and long-term ramifications. While concurrent individual and context factors are robustly associated with adolescent alcohol use, the influence of early childhood factors, particularly in interaction with child sex, are less clear. Using a prospective community sample of 362 (190 girls), this study investigated sex differences in the joint influence of distal childhood and proximal adolescent factors on Grade 10 alcohol use. All risk factors and two-way early individual-by-context interactions, and interactions of each of these with child sex, were entered into the initial regression. Significant sex interactions prompted the use of separate models for girls and boys. In addition to the identification of early (family socioeconomic status, authoritative parenting style) and proximal adolescent (mental health symptoms, deviant friends) risk factors for both girls and boys, results highlighted important sex differences. In particular, girls with higher alcohol consumption at Grade 10 were distinguished by the interaction of early temperamental disinhibition and exposure to parental stress; boys with higher alcohol consumption at Grade 10 were distinguished primarily by early temperamental negative affect. Results have implications for the timing and type of interventions offered to adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea R Burk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Jeffrey M Armstrong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - H Hill Goldsmith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Marjorie H Klein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| | | | | | - Marilyn J Essex
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
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Essau CA. Comorbidity of substance use disorders among community-based and high-risk adolescents. Psychiatry Res 2011; 185:176-84. [PMID: 20546923 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this article was to examine the frequency and comorbidity of substance use disorders (SUD) among community-based adolescents and high-risk adolescents, using the same methodology. Adolescents from the community (N=1035) were recruited from 36 schools. High-risk adolescents (N=374) comprised those whose parent(s) have the diagnosis of SUD and who were undergoing a treatment for their SUD. Adolescents were interviewed using the computerized Munich version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview to access the presence of SUD and other major DSM-IV psychiatric disorders. The lifetime rate of SUD was significantly lower in the community-based (12.3%) than the high-risk (38.3%) groups of adolescents. In both settings, SUD co-occurred highly with other psychiatric disorders. About 52.7% and 62.2% of the community-based and high-risk adolescents with SUD, respectively, had at least one additional disorder. Adolescents with SUD and comorbid disorders were significantly more psychologically distressed, compared to adolescents with SUD only. Adolescents with SUD had significantly lower perceived attachment to parents, but significantly higher attachment to peers compared to adolescents without any psychiatric disorders. The implications of the present findings were discussed in terms of the need to design prevention program especially for high-risk children, and also stressed the importance of conducting comprehensive assessment among adolescents referred for the treatment of SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia A Essau
- Centre for Applied Research and Assessment in Child and Adolescent Wellbeing (CARACAW), Department of Psychology, Roehampton University, Whitelands College, Holybourne Avenue, London SW15 4JD, United Kingdom.
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48
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Associations of Social Phobia and General Anxiety with Alcohol and Drug Use in A Community Sample of Adolescents. Alcohol Alcohol 2011; 46:192-9. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agq096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Seaman SR, White IR. Review of inverse probability weighting for dealing with missing data. Stat Methods Med Res 2011; 22:278-95. [PMID: 21220355 DOI: 10.1177/0962280210395740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 963] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The simplest approach to dealing with missing data is to restrict the analysis to complete cases, i.e. individuals with no missing values. This can induce bias, however. Inverse probability weighting (IPW) is a commonly used method to correct this bias. It is also used to adjust for unequal sampling fractions in sample surveys. This article is a review of the use of IPW in epidemiological research. We describe how the bias in the complete-case analysis arises and how IPW can remove it. IPW is compared with multiple imputation (MI) and we explain why, despite MI generally being more efficient, IPW may sometimes be preferred. We discuss the choice of missingness model and methods such as weight truncation, weight stabilisation and augmented IPW. The use of IPW is illustrated on data from the 1958 British Birth Cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun R Seaman
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK.
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50
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Maloney E, Hutchinson D, Burns L, Mattick R. Prevalence and patterns of problematic alcohol use among Australian parents. Aust N Z J Public Health 2011; 34:495-501. [PMID: 21040178 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-6405.2010.00596.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Limited research data exists on the prevalence, and characteristics associated with parental alcohol use, particularly in Australia. This study aims to examine the drinking patterns of Australian parents, and to determine whether the drinking pattern differs by family type. The characteristics associated with regular parental alcohol use were also assessed. METHODS Data from a representative sample of 23,356 Australians were analysed from the 2007 National Drug Strategy Household Survey. RESULTS The study found that parents were less likely to drink at levels defined as risky. Additionally, single mothers were more likely to report monthly and weekly binge drinking, compared to other mothers. Four predictors of risky parental alcohol use were identified: male; a current tobacco smoker; reporting higher levels of psychological distress; and lower levels of education. CONCLUSIONS Although this study found that parents were less likely to consume alcohol at risky levels, population estimates suggest a considerable number of Australian children live in households where risky parental alcohol use occurs. IMPLICATIONS This study provides the first step to extending the knowledge base on the prevalence of parental alcohol use which will help to inform public health policy and early intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Maloney
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052.
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