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Yang X, Liu C, Liang C, Wang T, Tian J. The Phosphorus-Iron Nexus: Decoding the Nutrients Interaction in Soil and Plant. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6992. [PMID: 39000100 PMCID: PMC11241702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe) are two essential mineral nutrients in plant growth. It is widely observed that interactions of P and Fe could influence their availability in soils and affect their homeostasis in plants, which has received significant attention in recent years. This review presents a summary of latest advances in the activation of insoluble Fe-P complexes by soil properties, microorganisms, and plants. Furthermore, we elucidate the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying how plants adapt to Fe-P interactions. This review also discusses the current limitations and presents potential avenues for promoting sustainable agriculture through the optimization of P and Fe utilization efficiency in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tianqi Wang
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.Y.); (C.L.); (C.L.); (J.T.)
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Furuya T, Kondo Y. Comprehensive analysis of downstream transcriptomic features in the competitive relationships between BEH3 and other BES/BZR transcription factors. Genes Genet Syst 2023; 98:89-92. [PMID: 37331806 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.23-00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of a plant-specific BES/BZR transcription factor (TF) family including BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR 1 (BES1) and BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) regulate various developmental processes and environmental responses. Recently, we reported that BES1/BZR1 Homolog 3 (BEH3) exhibited a competitive effect toward other BES/BZR TFs. In this study, we analyzed transcriptome profiles in BEH3-overexpressing plants and compared them with those of BES1 and BZR1 double gain-of-function mutants. We identified 46 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were downregulated in the gain-of-function mutants of BES1 and BZR1 but upregulated upon BEH3 overexpression. In these DEGs, putative BES1 and BZR1 direct-targeted genes were highly enriched. In addition, these DEGs contained not only known brassinosteroid biosynthetic enzymes, but also some NAC TFs, which negatively regulate brassinosteroid-inactivating enzymes. Moreover, the iron sensor and the iron-deficient response-related bHLH TFs were also included. Taken together, our findings indicate that a competitive relationship between BEH3 and other BES/BZR TFs exists in various BES/BZR binding target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Furuya
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University
| | - Yuki Kondo
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University
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Sun Z, Zou Y, Xie C, Han L, Zheng X, Tian Y, Ma C, Liu X, Wang C. Brassinolide improves the tolerance of Malus hupehensis to alkaline stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1032646. [PMID: 36507405 PMCID: PMC9731795 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1032646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Malus hupehensis is one of the most widely used apple rootstocks in china but is severely damaged by alkaline soil. Alkaline stress can cause more serious harmful effects on apple plants than salt stress because it also induces high pH stress except for ion toxicity, osmotic stress, and oxidative damage. Brassinolide (BL) plays important roles in plant responses to salt stress. However, its role and function mechanism in apple plants in response to alkaline stress has never been reported. This study showed that applying exogenous 0.2 mg/L BL significantly enhanced the resistance of M. hupehensis seedlings to alkaline stress. The main functional mechanisms were also explored. First, exogenous BL could decrease the rhizosphere pH and promote Ca2+ and Mg2+ absorption by regulating malic acid and citric acid contents and increasing H+ excretion. Second, exogenous BL could alleviate ion toxicity caused by alkaline stress through enhancing Na+ efflux and inhibiting K+ expel and vacuole compartmentalization. Last, exogenous BL could balance osmotic stress by accumulating proline and reduce oxidative damage through increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and antioxidants contents. This study provides an important theoretical basis for further analyzing the mechanism of exogenous BL in improving alkaline tolerance of apple plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijuan Sun
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yawen Zou
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, China
| | - Cheng Xie
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Han
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, China
| | - Yike Tian
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, China
| | - Changqing Ma
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, China
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Xu J, Xu W, Chen X, Zhu H, Fu X, Yu F. Genome-Wide Association Analysis Reveals the Genetic Basis of Iron-Deficiency Stress Tolerance in Maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:878809. [PMID: 35720580 PMCID: PMC9202619 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.878809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential trace element for almost all organisms and is often the major limiting nutrient for normal growth. Fe deficiency is a worldwide agricultural problem, which affects crop productivity and product quality. Understanding the Fe-deficiency response in plants is necessary for improving both plant health and the human diet. In this study, Fe-efficient (Ye478) and Fe-inefficient maize inbred lines (Wu312) were used to identify the genotypic difference in response to low Fe stress during different developmental stages and to further determine the optimal Fe-deficient Fe(II) supply level which leads to the largest phenotypic difference between Ye478 and Wu312. Then, genome-wide association analysis was performed to further identify candidate genes associated with the molecular mechanisms under different Fe nutritional statuses. Three candidate genes involved in Fe homeostasis of strategy II plants (strategy II genes) were identified, including ZmDMAS1, ZmNAAT1, and ZmYSL11. Furthermore, candidate genes ZmNAAT1, ZmDMAS1, and ZmYSL11 were induced in Fe-deficient roots and shoots, and the expression of ZmNAAT1 and ZmDMAS1 responded to Fe deficiency more in shoots than in roots. Beyond that, several genes that may participate in Fe homeostasis of strategy I plants (strategy I genes) were identified, which were either encoding Fe transporters (ZmIRT1 and ZmZIP4), or acting as essential ethylene signal transducers (ZmEBF1). Interestingly, ZmIRT1, ZmZIP4, and ZmEBF1 were significantly upregulated under low Fe stress, suggesting that these genes may be involved in Fe-deficiency tolerance in maize which is considered as strategy II plant. This study demonstrates the use of natural variation in the association population to identify important genes associated with Fe-deficiency tolerance and may further provide insights for understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the tolerance to Fe-deficiency stress in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interaction (MOE), Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiya Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xulei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interaction (MOE), Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huaqing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interaction (MOE), Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuyi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science (BAAFS), Beijing, China
| | - Futong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interaction (MOE), Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Xu J, Zhu X, Yan F, Zhu H, Zhou X, Yu F. Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci Associated With Iron Deficiency Tolerance in Maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:805247. [PMID: 35498718 PMCID: PMC9048261 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.805247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is a limiting factor in crop growth and nutritional quality because of its low solubility. However, the current understanding of how major crops respond to Fe deficiency and the genetic basis remains limited. In the present study, Fe-efficient inbred line Ye478 and Fe-inefficient inbred line Wu312 and their recombinant inbred line (RIL) population were utilized to reveal the physiological and genetic responses of maize to low Fe stress. Compared with the Fe-sufficient conditions (+Fe: 200 μM), Fe-deficient supply (-Fe: 30 μM) significantly reduced shoot and root dry weights, leaf SPAD of Fe-efficient inbred line Ye478 by 31.4, 31.8, and 46.0%, respectively; decreased Fe-inefficient inbred line Wu312 by 72.0, 45.1, and 84.1%, respectively. Under Fe deficiency, compared with the supply of calcium nitrate (N1), supplying ammonium nitrate (N2) significantly increased the shoot and root dry weights of Wu312 by 37.5 and 51.6%, respectively; and enhanced Ye478 by 23.9 and 45.1%, respectively. Compared with N1, N2 resulted in a 70.0% decrease of the root Fe concentration for Wu312 in the -Fe treatment, N2 treatment reduced the root Fe concentration of Ye478 by 55.8% in the -Fe treatment. These findings indicated that, compared with only supplying nitrate nitrogen, combined supply of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen not only contributed to better growth in maize but also significantly reduced Fe concentration in roots. In linkage analysis, ten quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with Fe deficiency tolerance were detected, explaining 6.2-12.0% of phenotypic variation. Candidate genes considered to be associated with the mechanisms underlying Fe deficiency tolerance were identified within a single locus or QTL co-localization, including ZmYS3, ZmPYE, ZmEIL3, ZmMYB153, ZmILR3 and ZmNAS4, which may form a sophisticated network to regulate the uptake, transport and redistribution of Fe. Furthermore, ZmYS3 was highly induced by Fe deficiency in the roots; ZmPYE and ZmEIL3, which may be involved in Fe homeostasis in strategy I plants, were significantly upregulated in the shoots and roots under low Fe stress; ZmMYB153 was Fe-deficiency inducible in the shoots. Our findings will provide a comprehensive insight into the physiological and genetic basis of Fe deficiency tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interaction (MOE), Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Key Lab of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interaction (MOE), Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huaqing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interaction (MOE), Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interaction (MOE), Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Futong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interaction (MOE), Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Futong Yu,
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Liu P, Jin Z, Dai C, Guo L, Cui X, Yang Y. Potassium enhances cadmium resistance ability of Panax notoginseng by brassinolide signaling pathway-regulated cell wall pectin metabolism. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 227:112906. [PMID: 34673418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of how potassium (K) attenuates cadmium (Cd)-induced demethylation and anabolism of cell wall (CW) pectin through the brassinolide (BR) signaling pathway was verified in Panax notoginseng (Burk.). The P. notoginseng pectin methylesterase gene (PnPME1) was cloned and functionally verified in tobacco. Pectin and BR metabolism, Cd content and the pectin methylation degree (PMD) were detected in response to K, 2,4-epibrassinolide (EBL), and brassinazole treatments of P. notoginseng and tobacco under Cd stress. Activity of the main root pectin methylesterase enzyme (PME) was promoted by 22.29% under the EBL treatment, and Cd content increased by 29.03% under Cd stress. Potassium reduced PME activity and Cd content in main root pectin by 61.03% and 50.73%, respectively, under the EBL and Cd co-treatment. Potassium inhibited the promoting effects of Cd stress on the expression of PnPME1 by 57.04%. Potassium also inhibited expression of BR synthesis genes PnDET2, PnROT3, PnCYP90A1, and PnBR6OX1 by 65.61%, 52.02%, 47.36%, and 55.16%, respectively, and reduced the accumulation of Cd. The PnPME1 was located in the CW. The activity of transgenic tobacco root PME was higher than that of the wild-type, while the PMD was significantly lower. The regulatory effects of K and EBL on tobacco root pectin metabolism were consistent with those in P. notoginseng. In conclusion, K downregulated the expression of BR synthesis genes in P. notoginseng roots under Cd stress and reduced the production of BRs, which inhibited PnPME1 expression. The reduction in PME activity increased the PMD, which reduced the accumulation of Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Liu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng Resources Sustainable Development and Utilization of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, University Based Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening and Utilization of Targeted Drugs, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhengqiang Jin
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng Resources Sustainable Development and Utilization of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, University Based Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening and Utilization of Targeted Drugs, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chunyan Dai
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng Resources Sustainable Development and Utilization of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, University Based Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening and Utilization of Targeted Drugs, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- Chinese Medica Resources Center, China Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng Resources Sustainable Development and Utilization of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, University Based Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening and Utilization of Targeted Drugs, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Ye Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng Resources Sustainable Development and Utilization of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, University Based Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening and Utilization of Targeted Drugs, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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Jin K, Li H, Li X, Li H, Dodd IC, Belimov AA, Davies WJ, Shen J. Rhizosphere bacteria containing ACC deaminase decrease root ethylene emission and improve maize root growth with localized nutrient supply. Food Energy Secur 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kemo Jin
- National Academy of Agriculture Green Development Department of Plant Nutrition College of Resource and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in AgricultureChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- The Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancashire UK
| | - Haigang Li
- National Academy of Agriculture Green Development Department of Plant Nutrition College of Resource and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Ian C. Dodd
- The Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancashire UK
| | - Andrey A. Belimov
- All‐Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology St. Petersburg Russian Federation
| | | | - Jianbo Shen
- National Academy of Agriculture Green Development Department of Plant Nutrition College of Resource and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural University Beijing China
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Chen J, Zhang NN, Pan Q, Lin XY, Shangguan Z, Zhang JH, Wei GH. Hydrogen sulphide alleviates iron deficiency by promoting iron availability and plant hormone levels in Glycine max seedlings. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:383. [PMID: 32819279 PMCID: PMC7441670 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02601-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is involved in regulating physiological processes in plants. We investigated how H2S ameliorates iron (Fe) deficiency in soybean (Glycine max L.) seedlings. Multidisciplinary approaches including physiological, biochemical and molecular, and transcriptome methods were used to investigate the H2S role in regulating Fe availability in soybean seedlings. RESULTS Our results showed that H2S completely prevented leaf interveinal chlorosis and caused an increase in soybean seedling biomass under Fe deficiency conditions. Moreover, H2S decreased the amount of root-bound apoplastic Fe and increased the Fe content in leaves and roots by regulating the ferric-chelate reductase (FCR) activities and Fe homeostasis- and sulphur metabolism-related gene expression levels, thereby promoting photosynthesis in soybean seedlings. In addition, H2S changed the plant hormone concentrations by modulating plant hormone-related gene expression abundances in soybean seedlings grown in Fe-deficient solution. Furthermore, organic acid biosynthesis and related genes expression also played a vital role in modulating the H2S-mediated alleviation of Fe deficiency in soybean seedlings. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that Fe deficiency was alleviated by H2S through enhancement of Fe acquisition and assimilation, thereby regulating plant hormones and organic acid synthesis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China.
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | - Ni-Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Qing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Yuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Zhouping Shangguan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Ge-Hong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China.
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Kaya C, Ashraf M, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P. Nitrate reductase rather than nitric oxide synthase activity is involved in 24-epibrassinolide-induced nitric oxide synthesis to improve tolerance to iron deficiency in strawberry (Fragaria × annassa) by up-regulating the ascorbate-glutathione cycle. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 151:486-499. [PMID: 32302942 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Involvement of nitrate reductase (NR) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like enzyme in 24-epibrassinolide (EB)-triggered nitric oxide (NO) synthesis to improve iron deficiency (ID) tolerance in strawberry plants was studied. EB was sprayed to strawberry plants every two days for two weeks. Then, the EB-treated plants were pre-treated with inhibitors of NR, tungstate, or NOS, L-NAME for 3 h. During the first three weeks, Fe was supplied as 100 μM EDTA-Fe or FeSO4 to Fe-sufficient or Fe-deficient plants, respectively. Thereafter, plants were subjected for further three weeks to control (100 μM EDTA-Fe) and Fe deficiency (ID; without Fe). ID reduced biomass, chlorophyll, and chlorophyll fluorescence, while increased oxidative stress parameters, ascorbate (AsA), glutathione (GSH), endogenous NO, and the activities of NR, NOS, and antioxidant enzymes. Pre-treatments with EB and EB + SNP improved ID tolerance of strawberry by improving leaf Fe2+, plant growth, and antioxidant enzyme activities, and causing a further elevation in AsA, GSH, NO, NR and NOS. L-NAME application reversed NOS activity, but it did not eliminate NO, however, tungstate application reversed both NR activity and NO synthesis in plants exposed to ID + EB, suggesting that NR is the main contributor of EB-induced NO synthesis to improve ID tolerance in strawberry plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Kaya
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | | | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saudi University, P. O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saudi University, P. O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, 190001, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Guo Z, Du N, Li Y, Zheng S, Shen S, Piao F. Gamma-aminobutyric acid enhances tolerance to iron deficiency by stimulating auxin signaling in cucumber (Cucumis sativusL.). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 192:110285. [PMID: 32035398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency severely affects crop yield and quality. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays a vital role in plant responses to multifarious stresses. However, the role of GABA in Fe deficiency responses and the potential mechanisms remain largely unknown in cucumber. Here, we found that Fe deficiency raised the GABA levels in leaves and roots of cucumber. To probe the role of GABA in Fe deficiency, the seedlings were subjected to five levels of GABA concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mmol L-1) for 7 days under Fe deficiency. The results demonstrated that 20 mM GABA in alleviating the Fe deficiency-induced stress was the most effective. GABA pretreatment reduced the Fe deficiency-induced chlorosis and inhibition of photosynthesis and growth, and significantly enhanced the contents of iron in shoots and roots. Exogenous GABA significantly decreased the pH of nutrient solution and increased ferric-chelate reductase (FCR) activity induced by Fe deficiency and the transcript levels of Fe uptake-related genes HA1, FRO2 and IRT1 in roots. GABA also increased the content of auxin (IAA) and expression of auxin biosynthesis (YUC4), response (IAA1), and transport (PIN1) genes under Fe deficiency. Furthermore, exogenous the auxin transport inhibitor 1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) application abolished the GABA-induced changes in Fe deficiency. In summary, we found that GABA improves tolerance to iron deficiency via an auxin-dependent mechanism in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Guo
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
| | - Nanshan Du
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
| | - Yingnan Li
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
| | - Shuxin Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
| | - Shunshan Shen
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
| | - Fengzhi Piao
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China.
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11
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Gratz R, Brumbarova T, Ivanov R, Trofimov K, Tünnermann L, Ochoa-Fernandez R, Blomeier T, Meiser J, Weidtkamp-Peters S, Zurbriggen MD, Bauer P. Phospho-mutant activity assays provide evidence for alternative phospho-regulation pathways of the transcription factor FER-LIKE IRON DEFICIENCY-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:250-267. [PMID: 31487399 PMCID: PMC6916400 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The key basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor in iron (Fe) uptake, FER-LIKE IRON DEFICIENCY-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR (FIT), is controlled by multiple signaling pathways, important to adjust Fe acquisition to growth and environmental constraints. FIT protein exists in active and inactive protein pools, and phosphorylation of serine Ser272 in the C-terminus, a regulatory domain of FIT, provides a trigger for FIT activation. Here, we use phospho-mutant activity assays and study phospho-mimicking and phospho-dead mutations of three additional predicted phosphorylation sites, namely at Ser221 and at tyrosines Tyr238 and Tyr278, besides Ser 272. Phospho-mutations at these sites affect FIT activities in yeast, plant, and mammalian cells. The diverse array of cellular phenotypes is seen at the level of cellular localization, nuclear mobility, homodimerization, and dimerization with the FIT-activating partner bHLH039, promoter transactivation, and protein stability. Phospho-mimicking Tyr mutations of FIT disturb fit mutant plant complementation. Taken together, we provide evidence that FIT is activated through Ser and deactivated through Tyr site phosphorylation. We therefore propose that FIT activity is regulated by alternative phosphorylation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Gratz
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tzvetina Brumbarova
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Biosciences-Plant Biology, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Rumen Ivanov
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Biosciences-Plant Biology, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Ksenia Trofimov
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Laura Tünnermann
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rocio Ochoa-Fernandez
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tim Blomeier
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes Meiser
- Department of Biosciences-Plant Biology, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbruecken, Germany
- Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | | | - Matias D Zurbriggen
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Petra Bauer
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Biosciences-Plant Biology, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbruecken, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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12
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Gebremeskel H, Dou J, Li B, Zhao S, Muhammad U, Lu X, He N, Liu W. Molecular Mapping and Candidate Gene Analysis for GA 3 Responsive Short Internode in Watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E290. [PMID: 31906246 PMCID: PMC6982186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants with shorter internodes are suitable for high-density planting, lodging resistance and the preservation of land resources by improving yield per unit area. In this study, we identified a locus controlling the short internode trait in watermelon using Zhengzhouzigua (long internode) and Duan125 (short internode) as mapping parents. Genetic analysis indicated that F1 plants were consistent with long internode plants, which indicates that the long internode was dominant over the short internode. The observed F2 and BC1 individuals fitted the expected phenotypic segregation ratios of 3:1 and 1:1, respectively. The locus was mapped on chromosome 9 using a bulked segregant analysis approach. The region was narrowed down to 8.525 kb having only one putative gene, Cla015407, flanking by CAPS90 and CAPS91 markers, which encodes gibberellin 3β-hydroxylase (GA 3β-hydroxylase). The sequence alignment of the candidate gene between both parents revealed a 13 bp deletion in the short internode parent, which resulted in a truncated protein. Before GA3 application, significantly lower GA3 content and shorter cell length were obtained in the short internode plants. However, the highest GA3 content and significant increase in cell length were observed in the short internode plants after exogenous GA3 application. In the short internode plants, the expression level of the Cla015407 was threefold lower than the long internode plants in the stem tissue. In general, our results suggested that Cla015407 might be the candidate gene responsible for the short internode phenotype in watermelon and the phenotype is responsive to exogenous GA3 application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wenge Liu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (H.G.); (J.D.); (B.L.); (S.Z.); (U.M.); (X.L.); (N.H.)
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13
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Li Q, Chen L, Yang A. The Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Iron Deficiency Responses in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E43. [PMID: 31861687 PMCID: PMC6981701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential element required for plant growth and development. Under Fe-deficientconditions, plants have developed two distinct strategies (designated as strategy I and II) to acquire Fe from soil. As a graminaceous species, rice is not a typical strategy II plant, as it not only synthesizes DMA (2'-deoxymugineic acid) in roots to chelate Fe3+ but also acquires Fe2+ through transporters OsIRT1 and OsIRT2. During the synthesis of DMA in rice, there are three sequential enzymatic reactions catalyzed by enzymes NAS (nicotianamine synthase), NAAT (nicotianamine aminotransferase), and DMAS (deoxymugineic acid synthase). Many transporters required for Fe uptake from the rhizosphere and internal translocation have also been identified in rice. In addition, the signaling networks composed of various transcription factors (such as IDEF1, IDEF2, and members of the bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) family), phytohormones, and signaling molecules are demonstrated to regulate Fe uptake and translocation. This knowledge greatly contributes to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying iron deficiency responses in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China;
| | - Lei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China;
| | - An Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China;
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14
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Flores-Cortez I, Winkler R, Ramírez-Ordorica A, Elizarraraz-Anaya MIC, Carrillo-Rayas MT, Valencia-Cantero E, Macías-Rodríguez L. A Mass Spectrometry-Based Study Shows that Volatiles Emitted by Arthrobacter agilis UMCV2 Increase the Content of Brassinosteroids in Medicago truncatula in Response to Iron Deficiency Stress. Molecules 2019; 24:E3011. [PMID: 31434211 PMCID: PMC6719008 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24163011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential plant micronutrient. It is a component of numerous proteins and participates in cell redox reactions; iron deficiency results in a reduction in nutritional quality and crop yields. Volatiles from the rhizobacterium Arthrobacter agilis UMCV2 induce iron acquisition mechanisms in plants. However, it is not known whether microbial volatiles modulate other metabolic plant stress responses to reduce the negative effect of iron deficiency. Mass spectrometry has great potential to analyze metabolite alterations in plants exposed to biotic and abiotic factors. Direct liquid introduction-electrospray-mass spectrometry was used to study the metabolite profile in Medicago truncatula due to iron deficiency, and in response to microbial volatiles. The putatively identified compounds belonged to different classes, including pigments, terpenes, flavonoids, and brassinosteroids, which have been associated with defense responses against abiotic stress. Notably, the levels of these compounds increased in the presence of the rhizobacterium. In particular, the analysis of brassinolide by gas chromatography in tandem with mass spectrometry showed that the phytohormone increased ten times in plants grown under iron-deficient growth conditions and exposed to microbial volatiles. In this mass spectrometry-based study, we provide new evidence on the role of A. agilis UMCV2 in the modulation of certain compounds involved in stress tolerance in M. truncatula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idolina Flores-Cortez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Edifico B3, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Robert Winkler
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Cinvestav Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carr. Irapuato-León, Guanajuato 36824, Mexico
| | - Arturo Ramírez-Ordorica
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Edifico B3, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Ma Isabel Cristina Elizarraraz-Anaya
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Cinvestav Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carr. Irapuato-León, Guanajuato 36824, Mexico
| | - María Teresa Carrillo-Rayas
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Cinvestav Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carr. Irapuato-León, Guanajuato 36824, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Valencia-Cantero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Edifico B3, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Macías-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Edifico B3, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico.
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15
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Romera FJ, García MJ, Lucena C, Martínez-Medina A, Aparicio MA, Ramos J, Alcántara E, Angulo M, Pérez-Vicente R. Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR) and Fe Deficiency Responses in Dicot Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:287. [PMID: 30915094 PMCID: PMC6421314 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plants develop responses to abiotic stresses, like Fe deficiency. Similarly, plants also develop responses to cope with biotic stresses provoked by biological agents, like pathogens and insects. Some of these responses are limited to the infested damaged organ, but other responses systemically spread far from the infested organ and affect the whole plant. These latter responses include the Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) and the Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR). SAR is induced by pathogens and insects while ISR is mediated by beneficial microbes living in the rhizosphere, like bacteria and fungi. These root-associated mutualistic microbes, besides impacting on plant nutrition and growth, can further boost plant defenses, rendering the entire plant more resistant to pathogens and pests. In the last years, it has been found that ISR-eliciting microbes can induce both physiological and morphological responses to Fe deficiency in dicot plants. These results suggest that the regulation of both ISR and Fe deficiency responses overlap, at least partially. Indeed, several hormones and signaling molecules, like ethylene (ET), auxin, and nitric oxide (NO), and the transcription factor MYB72, emerged as key regulators of both processes. This convergence between ISR and Fe deficiency responses opens the way to the use of ISR-eliciting microbes as Fe biofertilizers as well as biopesticides. This review summarizes the progress in the understanding of the molecular overlap in the regulation of ISR and Fe deficiency responses in dicot plants. Root-associated mutualistic microbes, rhizobacteria and rhizofungi species, known for their ability to induce morphological and/or physiological responses to Fe deficiency in dicot plant species are also reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Romera
- Department of Agronomy, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María J. García
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carlos Lucena
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Martínez-Medina
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Miguel A. Aparicio
- Department of Microbiology, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Ramos
- Department of Microbiology, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Esteban Alcántara
- Department of Agronomy, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Macarena Angulo
- Department of Agronomy, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Pérez-Vicente
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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16
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Kobayashi T, Nozoye T, Nishizawa NK. Iron transport and its regulation in plants. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 133:11-20. [PMID: 30385345 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for plants as well as other organisms, functioning in various cellular processes, including respiration, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and photosynthesis. Plants take up iron from soil in which iron solubility is extremely low especially under aerobic conditions at high-pH range. Therefore, plants have evolved efficient iron-uptake mechanisms. Because iron is prone to being precipitated and excess ionic iron is cytotoxic, plants also have sophisticated internal iron-transport mechanisms. These transport mechanisms comprise iron chelators including nicotianamine, mugineic acid family phytosiderophores and citrate, and various types of transporters of these chelators, iron-chelate complexes, or free iron ions. To maintain iron homeostasis, plants have developed mechanisms for regulating gene expression in response to iron availability. Expression of various genes involved in iron uptake and translocation is induced under iron deficiency by transcription factor networks and is negatively regulated by the ubiquitin ligase HRZ/BTS. This response is deduced to be mediated by cellular iron sensing as well as long-distance iron signaling. The ubiquitin ligase HRZ/BTS is a candidate intracellular iron sensor because it binds to iron and zinc, and its activity is affected by iron availability. The iron-excess response of plants is thought to be partially independent of the iron-deficiency response. In this review, we summarize and discuss extant knowledge of plant iron transport and its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Kobayashi
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nozoye
- Center for Liberal Arts, Meiji Gakuin University, 1518 Kamikurata-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 244-8539, Japan; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Naoko K Nishizawa
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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17
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Anwar A, Liu Y, Dong R, Bai L, Yu X, Li Y. The physiological and molecular mechanism of brassinosteroid in response to stress: a review. Biol Res 2018; 51:46. [PMID: 30419959 PMCID: PMC6231256 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-018-0195-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The negative effects of environmental stresses, such as low temperature, high temperature, salinity, drought, heavy metal stress, and biotic stress significantly decrease crop productivity. Plant hormones are currently being used to induce stress tolerance in a variety of plants. Brassinosteroids (commonly known as BR) are a group of phytohormones that regulate a wide range of biological processes that lead to tolerance of various stresses in plants. BR stimulate BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANCE 1 (BZR1)/BRI1-EMS SUPPRESSOR 1 (BES1), transcription factors that activate thousands of BR-targeted genes. BR regulate antioxidant enzyme activities, chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic capacity, and carbohydrate metabolism to increase plant growth under stress. Mutants with BR defects have shortened root and shoot developments. Exogenous BR application increases the biosynthesis of endogenous hormones such as indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, zeatin riboside, brassinosteroids (BR), and isopentenyl adenosine, and gibberellin (GA) and regulates signal transduction pathways to stimulate stress tolerance. This review will describe advancements in knowledge of BR and their roles in response to different stress conditions in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Anwar
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yumei Liu
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.,College of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Heze University, Heze, 274015, China
| | - Rongrong Dong
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Longqiang Bai
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xianchang Yu
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Yansu Li
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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18
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Cui Y, Chen CL, Cui M, Zhou WJ, Wu HL, Ling HQ. Four IVa bHLH Transcription Factors Are Novel Interactors of FIT and Mediate JA Inhibition of Iron Uptake in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2018; 11:1166-1183. [PMID: 29960107 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved sophisticated genetic networks to regulate iron (Fe) homeostasis for their survival. Several classes of plant hormones including jasmonic acid (JA) have been shown to be involved in regulating the expression of iron uptake and/or deficiency-responsive genes in plants. However, the molecular mechanisms by which JA regulates iron uptake remain unclear. In this study, we found that JA negatively modulates iron uptake by downregulating the expression of FIT (bHLH29), bHLH38, bHLH39, bHLH100, and bHLH101 and promoting the degradation of FIT protein, a key regulator of iron uptake in Arabidopsis. We further demonstrated that the subgroup IVa bHLH proteins, bHLH18, bHLH19, bHLH20, and bHLH25, are novel interactors of FIT, which promote JA-induced FIT protein degradation. These four IVa bHLHs function redundantly to antagonize the activity of the Ib bHLHs (such as bHLH38) in regulating FIT protein stability under iron deficiency. The four IVa bHLH genes are primarily expressed in roots, and are inducible by JA treatment. Moreover, we found that MYC2 and JAR1, two critical components of the JA signaling pathway, play critical roles in mediating JA suppression of the expression of FIT and Ib bHLH genes, whereas they differentially modulate the expression of bHLH18, bHLH19, bHLH20, and bHLH25 to regulate FIT accumulation under iron deficiency. Taken together, these results indicate that by transcriptionally regulating the expression of different sets of bHLH genes JA signaling promotes FIT degradation, resulting in reduced expression of iron-uptake genes, IRT1 and FRO2, and increased sensitivity to iron deficiency. Our data suggest that there is a multilayered inhibition of iron-deficiency response in the presence JA in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cui
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chun-Lin Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Man Cui
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wen-Juan Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hui-Lan Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hong-Qing Ling
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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19
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Jan S, Alyemeni MN, Wijaya L, Alam P, Siddique KH, Ahmad P. Interactive effect of 24-epibrassinolide and silicon alleviates cadmium stress via the modulation of antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems and macronutrient content in Pisum sativum L. seedlings. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:146. [PMID: 30012086 PMCID: PMC6048797 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1359-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study assessed the effects of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL, 10-7M) and silicon (2 mM) on the alleviation of cadmium (Cd, 150 mg L-1) toxicity in Pisum sativum L. seedlings via the modulation of growth, antioxidant defense, glyoxalase system, and nutrient uptake. RESULTS Shoot and root lengths declined by 46.43% and 52.78%, respectively, following Cd stress. Shoot and root dry weights also declined with Cd toxicity. Biochemical and physiological aspects exhibit significant decline including total chlorophyll (33.09%), carotenoid (51.51%), photosynthetic efficiency (32.60%), photochemical quenching (19.04%), leaf relative water content (40.18%), and gas exchange parameters (80.65%). However, EBL or Si supplementation alone or in combination modulates the previously mentioned parameters. Cadmium stress increased proline and glycine betaine (GB) contents by 4.37 and 2.41-fold, respectively. Exposure of plants to Cd stress increased the accumulation of H2O2, malondialdehyde content, electrolyte leakage, and methylglyoxal, which declined significantly with EBL and Si supplementation, both individually and in combination. Similarly, Cd stress adversely affected enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, but EBL and/or Si supplementation maintained antioxidant levels. Glyoxalase I (GlyI) accumulated after Cd stress and increased further with the application of EBL and Si. However, GlyII content declined after Cd stress but increased with supplementation of EBL and Si. Cadmium accumulation occurred in the following order: roots > shoots>leaves. Supplementation with EBL and Si, individually and in combination reduced Cd accumulation and enhanced the uptake of macronutrients and micronutrients in shoots and roots, which declined with Cd toxicity. CONCLUSION The application of 24-EBL and Si, individually and in combination, alleviated the adverse effects of Cd by improving growth, biochemical parameters, nutrient uptake, osmolyte accumulation, and the anti-oxidative defense and glyoxalase systems in Pisum sativum seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumira Jan
- ICAR- Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Rangreth, Air Field, Srinagar, Jammu, Kashmir, India
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leonard Wijaya
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pravej Alam
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kadambot H Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture and School of Agriculture & Environment, The University of Western Australia, LB 5005, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu, Kashmir, 190001, India.
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20
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Garnica M, Bacaicoa E, Mora V, San Francisco S, Baigorri R, Zamarreño AM, Garcia-Mina JM. Shoot iron status and auxin are involved in iron deficiency-induced phytosiderophores release in wheat. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:105. [PMID: 29866051 PMCID: PMC5987636 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1324-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The release of phytosiderephores (PS) to the rhizosphere is the main root response to iron (Fe) deficiency in graminaceous plants. We have investigated the role of the Fe status in the shoot as well as of the signaling pathways controlled by three relevant phytoregulators - indolacetic acid (IAA), ethylene and nitric oxide (NO) - in the regulation of this root response in Fe-starved wheat plants. To this end, the PS accumulation in the nutrient solution and the root expression of the genes encoding the nicotianamine aminotransferase (TaNAAT) and ferritin (TaFER) have been evaluated in plants subjected to different treatments. RESULTS The application of Fe to leaves of Fe-deficient plants prevented the increase in both PS root release and TaNAAT gene expression thus showing the relevant role of the shoot to root communication in the regulation of PS root release and some steps of PS biosynthesis. Experiments with specific hormone inhibitors showed that while ethylene and NO did not positively regulate Fe-deficiency induced PS root release, auxin plays an essential role in the regulation of this process. Moreover, the application of IAA to Fe-sufficient plants promoted both PS root release and TaNAAT gene expression thus indicating that auxin might be involved in the shoot to root signaling network regulating Fe-deficiency root responses in wheat. CONCLUSIONS These results therefore indicate that PS root release in Fe-deficient wheat plants is directly modulated by the shoot Fe status through signaling pathways involving, among other possible effectors, auxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Garnica
- Department of Environmental Biology (BACh Group), School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | - Eva Bacaicoa
- Department of Environmental Biology (BACh Group), School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | - Veronica Mora
- Plant Physiology and Plant-Microorganism Laboratory, University of Rio Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Cordoba Argentina
| | - Sara San Francisco
- Technical and Development Department, Timac Agro Spain, Lodosa, Navarra Spain
| | - Roberto Baigorri
- Department of Environmental Biology (BACh Group), School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra Spain
- Technical and Development Department, Timac Agro Spain, Lodosa, Navarra Spain
| | - Angel Mari Zamarreño
- Department of Environmental Biology (BACh Group), School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | - Jose Maria Garcia-Mina
- Department of Environmental Biology (BACh Group), School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra Spain
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21
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Das S, Tyagi W, Rai M, Yumnam JS. Understanding Fe 2+ toxicity and P deficiency tolerance in rice for enhancing productivity under acidic soils. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2017; 33:97-117. [PMID: 28927358 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2017.1370888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Plants experience low phosphorus (P) and high iron (Fe) levels in acidic lowland soils that lead to reduced crop productivity. A better understanding of the relationship between these two stresses at molecular and physiological level will lead to development of suitable strategies to increase crop productivity in such poor soils. Tolerance for most abiotic stresses including P deficiency and Fe toxicity is a quantitative trait in rice. Recent studies in the areas of physiology, genetics, and overall metabolic pathways in response to P deficiency of rice plants have improved our understanding of low P tolerance. Phosphorous uptake and P use efficiency are the two key traits for improving P deficiency tolerance. In the case of Fe toxicity tolerance, QTLs have been reported but the identity and role played by underlying genes is just emerging. Details pertaining to Fe deficiency tolerance in rice are well worked out including genes involved in Fe sensing and uptake. But, how rice copes with Fe toxicity is not clearly understood. This review focuses on the progress made in understanding these key environmental stresses. Finally, an opinion on the key genes which can be targeted for this stress is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Das
- a School of Crop Improvement, College of Post-Graduate (CPGS), Central Agricultural University , Imphal , India
| | - Wricha Tyagi
- a School of Crop Improvement, College of Post-Graduate (CPGS), Central Agricultural University , Imphal , India
| | - Mayank Rai
- a School of Crop Improvement, College of Post-Graduate (CPGS), Central Agricultural University , Imphal , India
| | - Julia S Yumnam
- a School of Crop Improvement, College of Post-Graduate (CPGS), Central Agricultural University , Imphal , India
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Modifications of morphological and anatomical characteristics of plants by application of brassinosteroids under various abiotic stress conditions - A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Hou S, Niu H, Tao Q, Wang S, Gong Z, Li S, Weng Y, Li Z. A mutant in the CsDET2 gene leads to a systemic brassinosteriod deficiency and super compact phenotype in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2017; 130:1693-1703. [PMID: 28516384 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-017-2919-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel dwarf cucumber mutant, scp-2, displays a typical BR biosynthesis-deficient phenotype, which is due to a mutation in CsDET2 for a steroid 5-alpha-reductase. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a group of plant hormones that play important roles in the development of plant architecture, and extreme dwarfism is a typical outcome of BR-deficiency. Most cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) varieties have an indeterminate growth habit, and dwarfism may have its value in manipulation of plant architecture and improve production in certain production systems. In this study, we identified a spontaneous dwarf mutant, super compact-2 (scp-2), that also has dark green, wrinkle leaves. Genetic analyses indicated that scp-2 was different from two previously reported dwarf mutants: compact (cp) and super compact-1 (scp-1). Map-based cloning revealed that the mutant phenotype was due to two single nucleotide polymorphism and a single-base insertion in the CsDET2 gene that resulted in a missense mutation in a conserved amino acid and thus a truncated protein lacking the conserved catalytic domains in the predicted steroid 5α-reductase protein. Measurement of endogenous hormone levels indicated a reduced level of brassinolide (BL, a bioactive BR) in scp-2, and the mutant phenotype could be partially rescued by the application of epibrassinolide (EBR). In addition, scp-2 mutant seedlings exhibited dark-grown de-etiolation, and defects in cell elongation and vascular development. These data support that scp-2 is a BR biosynthesis-deficient mutant, and that the CsDET2 gene plays a key role in BR biosynthesis in cucumber. We also described the systemic BR responses and discussed the specific BR-related phenotypes in cucumber plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Hou
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huanhuan Niu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qianyi Tao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shenhao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenhui Gong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sen Li
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Horticulture College, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Yiqun Weng
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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Zhai L, Xiao D, Sun C, Wu T, Han Z, Zhang X, Xu X, Wang Y. Nitric oxide signaling is involved in the response to iron deficiency in the woody plant Malus xiaojinensis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 109:515-524. [PMID: 27835849 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
To cope with iron (Fe) deficiency, plants have evolved a wide range of adaptive responses from changes in morphology to altered physiological responses. Recent studies have demonstrated that nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the Fe-deficiency response through hormonal signaling pathways. Here, we report that NO plays a significant role in Malus xiaojinensis, an Fe-efficient woody plant. Fe deficiency triggered significant accumulation of NO in the root system, predominantly in the outer cortical and epidermal cells of the elongation zone. The NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide potassium salt (cPTIO) completely arrested Fe deficiency-induced root hair formation, blocked the increase in root ferric-chelate reductase activity and in root H+ excretion, further reduced the active iron content in young leaves and roots, and prevented the upregulation of the critical Fe-related genes, FIT, MxFRO2-like, and MxIRT1. These conditions were restored under Fe deficiency by treatment with the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Additionally, chlorophyll content and relative expression levels of the genes chlorophyll a deoxygenase (MxCAO) and polyamine oxidase (MxPAO) were not changed significantly following Fe deficiency for 6 d; however, SNP treatment increased MxHEMA gene expression. Interestingly, the Fv/Fm ratio, the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII), decreased significantly following cPTIO treatment. We observed more severe chlorosis under Fe deficiency with cPTIO treatment for 9 d. These results strongly suggest that NO mediates a range of responses to Fe deficiency in M. xiaojinensis, from morphological changes to the regulation of physiological processes and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longmei Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology for Fruit Trees in Beijing Municipality, China; Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dashuang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology for Fruit Trees in Beijing Municipality, China; Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chaohua Sun
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology for Fruit Trees in Beijing Municipality, China; Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology for Fruit Trees in Beijing Municipality, China; Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhenhai Han
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology for Fruit Trees in Beijing Municipality, China; Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinzhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology for Fruit Trees in Beijing Municipality, China; Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology for Fruit Trees in Beijing Municipality, China; Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology for Fruit Trees in Beijing Municipality, China; Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Li Q, Yang A, Zhang WH. Efficient acquisition of iron confers greater tolerance to saline-alkaline stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:6431-6444. [PMID: 27811002 PMCID: PMC5181582 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the mechanisms underlying tolerance to saline-alkaline stress in two rice genotypes, Dongdao-4 and Jigeng-88, we exposed them to medium supplemented with 10 mM Na2CO3 and 40 mM NaCl (pH 8.5). Dongdao-4 plants displayed higher biomass, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic rates, and a larger root system than Jigeng-88 under saline-alkaline conditions. Dongdao-4 had a higher shoot Na+/K+ ratio than Jigeng-88 under both control and saline-alkaline conditions. Dongdao-4 exhibited stronger rhizospheric acidification than Jigeng-88 under saline-alkaline conditions, resulting from greater up-regulation of H+-ATPases at the transcriptional level. Moreover, Fe concentrations in shoots and roots of Dongdao-4 were higher than those in Jigeng-88, and a higher rate of phytosiderophore exudation was detected in Dongdao-4 versus Jigeng-88 under saline-alkaline conditions. The Fe-deficiency-responsive genes OsIRO2, OsIRT1, OsNAS1, OsNAS2, OsYSL2, and OsYSL15 were more strongly up-regulated in Dongdao-4 than Jigeng-88 plants in saline-alkaline medium, implying greater tolerance of Dongdao-4 plants to Fe deficiency. To test this hypothesis, we compared the effects of Fe deficiency on the two genotypes, and found that Dongdao-4 was more tolerant to Fe deficiency. Exposure to Fe-deficient medium led to greater rhizospheric acidification and phytosiderophore exudation in Dongdao-4 than Jigeng-88 plants. Expression levels of OsIRO2, OsIRT1, OsNAS1, OsNAS2, OsYSL2, and OsYSL15 were higher in Dongdao-4 than Jigeng-88 plants under Fe-deficient conditions. These results demonstrate that a highly efficient Fe acquisition system together with a large root system may underpin the greater tolerance of Dongdao-4 plants to saline-alkaline stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - An Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Wen-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Research Network of Global Change Biology, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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Kobayashi T, Itai RN, Senoura T, Oikawa T, Ishimaru Y, Ueda M, Nakanishi H, Nishizawa NK. Jasmonate signaling is activated in the very early stages of iron deficiency responses in rice roots. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 91:533-47. [PMID: 27143046 PMCID: PMC4914535 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0486-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Under low iron availability, plants induce the expression of various genes involved in iron uptake and translocation at the transcriptional level. This iron deficiency response is affected by various plant hormones, but the roles of jasmonates in this response are not well-known. We investigated the involvement of jasmonates in rice iron deficiency responses. High rates of jasmonate-inducible genes were induced during the very early stages of iron deficiency treatment in rice roots. Many jasmonate-inducible genes were also negatively regulated by the ubiquitin ligases OsHRZ1 and OsHRZ2 and positively regulated by the transcription factor IDEF1. Ten out of 35 genes involved in jasmonate biosynthesis and signaling were rapidly induced at 3 h of iron deficiency treatment, and this induction preceded that of known iron deficiency-inducible genes involved in iron uptake and translocation. Twelve genes involved in jasmonate biosynthesis and signaling were also upregulated in HRZ-knockdown roots. Endogenous concentrations of jasmonic acid and jasmonoyl isoleucine tended to be rapidly increased in roots in response to iron deficiency treatment, whereas these concentrations were higher in HRZ-knockdown roots under iron-sufficient conditions. Analysis of the jasmonate-deficient cpm2 mutant revealed that jasmonates repress the expression of many iron deficiency-inducible genes involved in iron uptake and translocation under iron sufficiency, but this repression is partly canceled under an early stage of iron deficiency. These results indicate that jasmonate signaling is activated during the very early stages of iron deficiency, which is partly regulated by IDEF1 and OsHRZs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Kobayashi
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan.
| | - Reiko Nakanishi Itai
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takeshi Senoura
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan
| | - Takaya Oikawa
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishimaru
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Minoru Ueda
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Naoko K Nishizawa
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan
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Shen C, Yang Y, Liu K, Zhang L, Guo H, Sun T, Wang H. Involvement of endogenous salicylic acid in iron-deficiency responses in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:4179-93. [PMID: 27208542 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Several phytohormones have been demonstrated to be involved in iron (Fe) homeostasis. We took advantage of a salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis defective mutant phytoalexin deficient 4 (pad4: T-DNA Salk_089936) to explore the possible effects of endogenous SA on the morphological and physiological responses to Fe deprivation. The morphological and physiological analysis was carried out between Col-0 and the pad4 mutant. Under an Fe-deficiency treatment, Col-0 showed more severe leaf chlorosis and root growth inhibition compared with the pad4 mutant. The soluble Fe concentrations were significantly higher in pad4 than in Col-0 under the Fe-deficiency treatment. Fe deficiency significantly induced SA accumulation in Col-0 and the loss-of-function of PAD4 blocked this process. The requirement of endogenous SA accumulation for Fe-deficiency responses was confirmed using a series of SA biosynthetic mutants and transgenic lines. Furthermore, a comparative RNA sequencing analysis of the whole seedling transcriptomes between Col-0 and the pad4 mutant was also performed. Based on the transcriptome data, the expression levels of many auxin- and ethylene-response genes were altered in pad4 compared with Col-0. Fe deficiency increases SA contents which elevates auxin and ethylene signalling, thereby activating Fe translocation via the bHLH38/39-mediated transcriptional regulation of downstream Fe genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjia Shen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Yanjun Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Kaidong Liu
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524048, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Hong Guo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Tao Sun
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Huizhong Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
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28
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Tian Q, Zhang X, Yang A, Wang T, Zhang WH. CIPK23 is involved in iron acquisition of Arabidopsis by affecting ferric chelate reductase activity. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 246:70-79. [PMID: 26993237 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency is one of the major limiting factors affecting quality and production of crops in calcareous soils. Numerous signaling molecules and transcription factors have been demonstrated to play a regulatory role in adaptation of plants to iron deficiency. However, the mechanisms underlying the iron deficiency-induced physiological processes remain to be fully dissected. Here, we demonstrated that the protein kinase CIPK23 was involved in iron acquisition. Lesion of CIPK23 rendered Arabidopsis mutants hypersensitive to iron deficiency, as evidenced by stronger chlorosis in young leaves and lower iron concentration than wild-type plants under iron-deficient conditions by down-regulating ferric chelate reductase activity. We found that iron deficiency evoked an increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration and the elevated Ca(2+) would bind to CBL1/CBL9, leading to activation of CIPK23. These novel findings highlight the involvement of calcium-dependent CBL-CIPK23 complexes in the regulation of iron acquisition. Moreover, mutation of CIPK23 led to changes in contents of mineral elements, suggesting that CBL-CIPK23 complexes could be as "nutritional sensors" to sense and regulate the mineral homeostasis in Arabisopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuying Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - An Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Tianzuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Wen-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China.
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Campestre MP, Castagno LN, Estrella MJ, Ruiz OA. Lotus japonicus plants of the Gifu B-129 ecotype subjected to alkaline stress improve their Fe(2+) bio-availability through inoculation with Pantoea eucalypti M91. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 192:47-55. [PMID: 26815729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Inoculation assays with Pantoea eucalypti M91 were performed on Lotus japonicus ecotype Gifu. Under alkaline conditions, this ecotype is characterized by the development of interveinal chlorosis of the apical leaves due to low mobilization of Fe(2+). Inoculation with P. eucalypti M91, a plant growth-promoting bacterial strain capable of producing pyoverdine-like and pyochelin-like siderophores under alkaline growth conditions, alters the root, resulting in a herringbone pattern of root branching. Additional features include improvement in Fe(2+) transport to the shoots, acidification of the hydroponic solution of the plant cultures, and an accompanying increase in the efficiency of the PSII parameters. In addition, there was an increase in the expression of the FRO1 and IRT1 genes, accompanied by a significant increase in FRO activity. Results showed that P. eucalypti M91 has a beneficial effect on the Fe acquisition machinery of Strategy I, as described for non-graminaceous monocots and dicots, suggesting its potential as an inoculant for legume crops cultivated in alkaline soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Paula Campestre
- Unidad de Biotecnología 1, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de San Martín (IIB-INTECH/CONICET-UNSAM), Avenida Intendente Marino Km 8,2 CC 164, B7130IWA Chascomús, Argentina.
| | - Luis Nazareno Castagno
- Laboratorio de Microbiología del Suelo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de San Martín (IIB-INTECH/CONICET-UNSAM), Avenida Intendente Marino Km 8,2 CC 164, B7130IWA Chascomús, Argentina.
| | - María Julia Estrella
- Laboratorio de Microbiología del Suelo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de San Martín (IIB-INTECH/CONICET-UNSAM), Avenida Intendente Marino Km 8,2 CC 164, B7130IWA Chascomús, Argentina.
| | - Oscar Adolfo Ruiz
- Unidad de Biotecnología 1, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de San Martín (IIB-INTECH/CONICET-UNSAM), Avenida Intendente Marino Km 8,2 CC 164, B7130IWA Chascomús, Argentina.
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30
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Lucena C, Romera FJ, García MJ, Alcántara E, Pérez-Vicente R. Ethylene Participates in the Regulation of Fe Deficiency Responses in Strategy I Plants and in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1056. [PMID: 26640474 PMCID: PMC4661236 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is very abundant in most soils but its availability for plants is low, especially in calcareous soils. Plants have been divided into Strategy I and Strategy II species to acquire Fe from soils. Strategy I species apply a reduction-based uptake system which includes all higher plants except the Poaceae. Strategy II species apply a chelation-based uptake system which includes the Poaceae. To cope with Fe deficiency both type of species activate several Fe deficiency responses, mainly in their roots. These responses need to be tightly regulated to avoid Fe toxicity and to conserve energy. Their regulation is not totally understood but some hormones and signaling substances have been implicated. Several years ago it was suggested that ethylene could participate in the regulation of Fe deficiency responses in Strategy I species. In Strategy II species, the role of hormones and signaling substances has been less studied. However, in rice, traditionally considered a Strategy II species but that possesses some characteristics of Strategy I species, it has been recently shown that ethylene can also play a role in the regulation of some of its Fe deficiency responses. Here, we will review and discuss the data supporting a role for ethylene in the regulation of Fe deficiency responses in both Strategy I species and rice. In addition, we will review the data about ethylene and Fe responses related to Strategy II species. We will also discuss the results supporting the action of ethylene through different transduction pathways and its interaction with other signals, such as certain Fe-related repressive signals occurring in the phloem sap. Finally, the possible implication of ethylene in the interactions among Fe deficiency responses and the responses to other nutrient deficiencies in the plant will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Lucena
- Department of Agronomy, University of CórdobaCórdoba, Spain
| | | | - María J. García
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, University of CórdobaCórdoba, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Pérez-Vicente
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, University of CórdobaCórdoba, Spain
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31
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Yuan L, Zhu S, Shu S, Sun J, Guo S. Regulation of 2,4-epibrassinolide on mineral nutrient uptake and ion distribution in Ca(NO3)2 stressed cucumber plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 188:29-36. [PMID: 26398630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
2,4-Epibrassinolide (EBL) is a plant hormone that plays a pivotal role in regulation of plants growth and development processes under abiotic stress. The investigation was carried out to study the effect of EBL on mineral nutrients uptake and distribution with ion element analysis and X-ray microanalysis in cucumber seedlings (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Jinyou No.4) under 80 mM Ca(NO3)2 stress. Our study found EBL significantly alleviated the inhibitory of P, K, Na, Mg, Fe, Mn, or Cl uptake in shoot or root by Ca(NO3)2 stress. Under Ca(NO3)2 stress, X-ray microanalysis showed that high levels of Ca by EBL treatment accumulated in the epidermal cells of root and gradually decreased from epidermal cells to stellar parenchyma. K(+) levels were restored in different cross section of roots and high K(+) level mostly accumulated in stellar parenchyma. The results of Ca(2+) ultra-structural localization showed Ca(2+) particles of antimonite precipitate by EBL were partly decreased in mesophyll and root cells, and Ca(2+) precipitate distributed in intercellular spaces again. Increased Ca(2+)-ATPase activity and ATP content by EBL were also contributed to extrude excess Ca(2+) from the cytoplasm. These results suggested that EBL could alleviate the ion damage from excess Ca(2+) through regulating mineral nutrients uptake and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230061, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shidong Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Sheng Shu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jin Sun
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shirong Guo
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Adnane B, Mainassara ZA, Mohamed F, Mohamed L, Jean-Jacques D, Rim MT, Georg C. Physiological and Molecular Aspects of Tolerance to Environmental Constraints in Grain and Forage Legumes. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:18976-9008. [PMID: 26287163 PMCID: PMC4581282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160818976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the agronomical and environmental advantages of the cultivation of legumes, their production is limited by various environmental constraints such as water or nutrient limitation, frost or heat stress and soil salinity, which may be the result of pedoclimatic conditions, intensive use of agricultural lands, decline in soil fertility and environmental degradation. The development of more sustainable agroecosystems that are resilient to environmental constraints will therefore require better understanding of the key mechanisms underlying plant tolerance to abiotic constraints. This review provides highlights of legume tolerance to abiotic constraints with a focus on soil nutrient deficiencies, drought, and salinity. More specifically, recent advances in the physiological and molecular levels of the adaptation of grain and forage legumes to abiotic constraints are discussed. Such adaptation involves complex multigene controlled-traits which also involve multiple sub-traits that are likely regulated under the control of a number of candidate genes. This multi-genetic control of tolerance traits might also be multifunctional, with extended action in response to a number of abiotic constraints. Thus, concrete efforts are required to breed for multifunctional candidate genes in order to boost plant stability under various abiotic constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bargaz Adnane
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 103, SE-23053 Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Zaman-Allah Mainassara
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Southern Africa Regional Office, MP163 Harare, Zimbabwe.
| | - Farissi Mohamed
- Polyvalent Laboratory for Research & Development, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Sliman University, 23000 Beni-Mellal, Morocco.
| | - Lazali Mohamed
- Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie & des Sciences de la Terre, Université de Khemis Miliana, 44225 Ain Defla, Algeria.
| | - Drevon Jean-Jacques
- Unité mixte de recherche, Écologie Fonctionnelle & Biogéochimie des Sols et Agroécosystèmes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 34060 Montpellier, France.
| | - Maougal T Rim
- Laboratoire de génétique Biochimie et biotechnologies végétales Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université des frères Mentouri, 25017 Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Carlsson Georg
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 103, SE-23053 Alnarp, Sweden.
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Wang B, Li G, Zhang WH. Brassinosteroids are involved in Fe homeostasis in rice (Oryza sativa L.). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:2749-61. [PMID: 25770588 PMCID: PMC4986876 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are steroid hormones that modulate numerous physiological processes in plants. However, few studies have focused on the involvement of BRs in sensing and responding to the stress of mineral nutrient deficiency. In the present study, we evaluated the roles of BRs in the response of rice (Oryza sativa) to iron (Fe) deficiency during Fe uptake, transport, and translocation. Exogenous application of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) to wild-type (WT) plants exaggerated leaf symptoms of Fe deficiency and suppressed growth. EBR increased and decreased Fe concentrations in roots and shoots, respectively, under both Fe-deficient and Fe-sufficient conditions. Transcripts involved in Fe homeostasis, including OsIRT1, OsYSL15, OsYSL2, OsNAS1, and OsNAS2, were enhanced by EBR under Fe-deficient conditions. EBR depressed expression of OsNAS1, OsNAS2, and OsYSL2 in shoots, and inhibited Fe transport and translocation via the phloem. Rice mutant d2-1, which is defective in BR biosynthesis, was more tolerant to Fe deficiency than the WT, and accumulated greater amounts of Fe in roots than the WT under Fe-sufficient conditions. A greater upregulation of OsIRT1, OsYSL15, OsYSL2, OsNAS1, and OsNAS2 in the d2-1 mutant compared to the WT was found under Fe-sufficient conditions, while expression of these genes in the d2-1 mutant was lower than in the WT under Fe-deficient conditions. The greater tolerance of the d2-1 mutant could be partly mitigated by exogenous application of EBR. These novel findings highlight the important role of BR in mediating the response of strategy II plants to Fe deficiency by regulating Fe uptake and translocation in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, P. R. China
| | - Gen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, P. R. China Research Network of Global Change Biology, Beijing Institutes of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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Brumbarova T, Bauer P, Ivanov R. Molecular mechanisms governing Arabidopsis iron uptake. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 20:124-33. [PMID: 25499025 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants are the principal source of dietary iron (Fe) for most of Earth's population and Fe deficiency can lead to major health problems. Developing strategies to improve plant Fe content is a challenge because Fe is essential and toxic and therefore regulating Fe uptake is crucial for plant survival. Acquiring soil Fe relies on complex regulatory events that occur in root epidermal cells. We review recent advances in elucidating many aspects of the regulation of Fe acquisition. These include the expanding protein network involved in FER-LIKE IRON DEFICIENCY INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR (FIT)-dependent gene regulation and novel findings on the intracellular trafficking of the Fe transporter IRON-REGULATED TRANSPORTER 1 (IRT1). We outline future challenges and propose strategies, such as exploiting natural variation, to further expand our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzvetina Brumbarova
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Petra Bauer
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rumen Ivanov
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Gayomba SR, Zhai Z, Jung HI, Vatamaniuk OK. Local and systemic signaling of iron status and its interactions with homeostasis of other essential elements. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:716. [PMID: 26442030 PMCID: PMC4568396 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is essential for plant growth and development. However, alkaline soils, which occupy approximately 30% of the world's arable lands, are considered Fe-limiting for plant growth because insoluble Fe (III) chelates prevail under these conditions. In contrast, high bioavailability of Fe in acidic soils can be toxic to plants due to the ability of Fe ions to promote oxidative stress. Therefore, plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to sense and respond to the fluctuation of Fe availability in the immediate environment and to the needs of developing shoot tissues to preclude deficiency while avoiding toxicity. In this review, we focus on recent advances in our understanding of local and systemic signaling of Fe status with emphasis on the contribution of Fe, its interaction with other metals and metal ligands in triggering molecular responses that regulate Fe uptake and partitioning in the plant body.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Olena K. Vatamaniuk
- *Correspondence: Olena K. Vatamaniuk, Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, 360 Tower Road, 608 Bradfield Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA,
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Li Y, Wang N, Zhao F, Song X, Yin Z, Huang R, Zhang C. Changes in the transcriptomic profiles of maize roots in response to iron-deficiency stress. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 85:349-63. [PMID: 24648157 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-014-0189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants are often subjected to iron (Fe)-deficiency stress because of its low solubility. Plants have evolved two distinct strategies to solubilize and transport Fe to acclimate to this abiotic stress condition. Transcriptomic profiling analysis was performed using Illumina digital gene expression to understand the mechanism underlying resistance responses of roots to Fe starvation in maize, an important Strategy II plant. A total of 3,427, 4,069, 4,881, and 2,610 genes had significantly changed expression levels after Fe-deficiency treatments of 1, 2, 4 or 7 days, respectively. Genes involved in 2'-deoxymugineic acid (DMA) synthesis, secretion, and Fe(III)-DMA uptake were significantly induced. Many genes related to plant hormones, protein kinases, and protein phosphatases responded to Fe-deficiency stress, suggesting their regulatory roles in response to the Fe-deficiency stress. Functional annotation clustering analysis, using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery, revealed maize root responses to Fe starvation. This resulted in 38 functional annotation clusters: 25 for up-regulated genes, and 13 for down-regulated ones. These included genes encoding enzymes involved in the metabolism of carboxylic acids, isoprenoids and aromatic compounds, transporters, and stress response proteins. Our work provides integrated information for understanding maize response to Fe-deficiency stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Cooperative Innovation Center of Efficient Production with High Annual Yield of Wheat and Corn, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
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Li G, Wang B, Tian Q, Wang T, Zhang WH. Medicago truncatula ecotypes A17 and R108 differed in their response to iron deficiency. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:639-647. [PMID: 24709157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Medicago truncatula Gaertn is a model legume species with a wide genetic diversity. To evaluate the responses of the two M. truncatula ecotypes, the effect of Fe deficiency on ecotype A17 and ecotype R108, which have been widely used in physiological and molecular studies, was investigated. A greater reduction in shoot Fe concentration of R108 plants than that of A17 plants was observed under Fe-deficient conditions. Exposure to Fe-deficient medium led to a greater increase in ferric chelate reductase (FCR) activity in roots of A17 than those of R108 plants, while expression of genes encoding FCR in roots of A17 and R108 plants was similarly up-regulated by Fe deficiency. Exposure of A17 plants to Fe-deficient medium evoked an ethylene evolution from roots, while the same treatment had no effect on ethylene evolution from R108 roots. There was a significant increase in expression of MtIRT encoding a Fe transporter in A17, but not in R108 plants, upon exposure to Fe-deficient medium. Transcripts of MtFRD3 that is responsible for loading of iron chelator citrate into xylem were up-regulated by Fe deficiency in A17, but not in R108 plants. These results suggest that M. truncatula ecotypes A17 and R108 differed in their response and adaptation to Fe deficiency, and that ethylene may play an important role in regulation of greater tolerance of A17 plant to Fe deficiency. These findings provide important clues for further elucidation of molecular mechanism by which legume plants respond and adapt to low soil Fe availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Baolan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Qiuying Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Tianzuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Wen-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China; Research Network of Global Change Biology, Beijing Institutes of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Jin CW, Ye YQ, Zheng SJ. An underground tale: contribution of microbial activity to plant iron acquisition via ecological processes. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2014; 113:7-18. [PMID: 24265348 PMCID: PMC3864720 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron (Fe) deficiency in crops is a worldwide agricultural problem. Plants have evolved several strategies to enhance Fe acquisition, but increasing evidence has shown that the intrinsic plant-based strategies alone are insufficient to avoid Fe deficiency in Fe-limited soils. Soil micro-organisms also play a critical role in plant Fe acquisition; however, the mechanisms behind their promotion of Fe acquisition remain largely unknown. SCOPE This review focuses on the possible mechanisms underlying the promotion of plant Fe acquisition by soil micro-organisms. CONCLUSIONS Fe-deficiency-induced root exudates alter the microbial community in the rhizosphere by modifying the physicochemical properties of soil, and/or by their antimicrobial and/or growth-promoting effects. The altered microbial community may in turn benefit plant Fe acquisition via production of siderophores and protons, both of which improve Fe bioavailability in soil, and via hormone generation that triggers the enhancement of Fe uptake capacity in plants. In addition, symbiotic interactions between micro-organisms and host plants could also enhance plant Fe acquisition, possibly including: rhizobium nodulation enhancing plant Fe uptake capacity and mycorrhizal fungal infection enhancing root length and the nutrient acquisition area of the root system, as well as increasing the production of Fe(3+) chelators and protons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wei Jin
- College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi Quan Ye
- College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shao Jian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry and Physiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Matsuoka K, Furukawa J, Bidadi H, Asahina M, Yamaguchi S, Satoh S. Gibberellin-Induced Expression of Fe Uptake-Related Genes in Arabidopsis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 55:87-98. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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