1
|
Arenaza-Urquijo EM, Boyle R, Casaletto K, Anstey KJ, Vila-Castelar C, Colverson A, Palpatzis E, Eissman JM, Kheng Siang Ng T, Raghavan S, Akinci M, Vonk JMJ, Machado LS, Zanwar PP, Shrestha HL, Wagner M, Tamburin S, Sohrabi HR, Loi S, Bartrés-Faz D, Dubal DB, Prashanthi V, Okonkwo O, Hohman TJ, Ewers M, Buckley RF. Sex and gender differences in cognitive resilience to aging and Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 38967222 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Sex and gender-biological and social constructs-significantly impact the prevalence of protective and risk factors, influencing the burden of Alzheimer's disease (AD; amyloid beta and tau) and other pathologies (e.g., cerebrovascular disease) which ultimately shape cognitive trajectories. Understanding the interplay of these factors is central to understanding resilience and resistance mechanisms explaining maintained cognitive function and reduced pathology accumulation in aging and AD. In this narrative review, the ADDRESS! Special Interest Group (Alzheimer's Association) adopted a multidisciplinary approach to provide the foundations and recommendations for future research into sex- and gender-specific drivers of resilience, including a sex/gender-oriented review of risk factors, genetics, AD and non-AD pathologies, brain structure and function, and animal research. We urge the field to adopt a sex/gender-aware approach to resilience to advance our understanding of the intricate interplay of biological and social determinants and consider sex/gender-specific resilience throughout disease stages. HIGHLIGHTS: Sex differences in resilience to cognitive decline vary by age and cognitive status. Initial evidence supports sex-specific distinctions in brain pathology. Findings suggest sex differences in the impact of pathology on cognition. There is a sex-specific change in resilience in the transition to clinical stages. Gender and sex factors warrant study: modifiable, immune, inflammatory, and vascular.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eider M Arenaza-Urquijo
- Environment and Health Over the Life Course Programme, Climate, Air Pollution, Nature and Urban Health Programme, Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- University of Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rory Boyle
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kaitlin Casaletto
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kaarin J Anstey
- University of New South Wales Ageing Futures Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sidney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Clara Vila-Castelar
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aaron Colverson
- University of Florida Center for Arts in Medicine Interdisciplinary Research Lab, University of Florida, Center of Arts in Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Eleni Palpatzis
- Environment and Health Over the Life Course Programme, Climate, Air Pollution, Nature and Urban Health Programme, Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- University of Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaclyn M Eissman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ted Kheng Siang Ng
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging and Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Muge Akinci
- Environment and Health Over the Life Course Programme, Climate, Air Pollution, Nature and Urban Health Programme, Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- University of Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jet M J Vonk
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Luiza S Machado
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Farroupilha, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Preeti P Zanwar
- Jefferson College of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- The Network on Life Course and Health Dynamics and Disparities, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Maude Wagner
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stefano Tamburin
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Hamid R Sohrabi
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Future Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Psychology, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Samantha Loi
- Neuropsychiatry Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences & Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dena B Dubal
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute of Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Biomedical and Neurosciences Graduate Programs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Ozioma Okonkwo
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Timothy J Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michael Ewers
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilians Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, Germany
| | - Rachel F Buckley
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Trammell AR, Goldstein FC, Parker MW, Hajjar IM. Characterization of African-American Super-Agers in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center cohort. J Am Geriatr Soc 2024; 72:1995-2005. [PMID: 38553838 PMCID: PMC11226375 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND "Super-agers" are adults aged ≥80 with cognitive performance similar to persons two to three decades younger. Characteristics such as larger hippocampal volume, APOE-ε4 allele absence, higher educational attainment, female sex, and lifelong cognitive stimulation are associated with cognitive performance compatible with super-aging. These findings are based on predominantly white research samples. Limited data are available on African-American super-agers. To fill this gap, we explored potential factors associated with super-aging in older African-American adults. METHODS Data from African-American participants aged ≥80 in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) dataset were analyzed. Using global Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scores, participants were first categorized as impaired (score ≥0.5) or non-impaired/normal cognition (NC) (score = 0). From the NC group, super-agers were identified using NACC-data-driven cutoffs. Participants were considered super-agers if their memory performance was similar to persons aged 50-60 with NC, and their performance on other domains was within one standard deviation of the mean for persons aged ≥80. We examined group characteristics (NC, super-ager, impaired) using chi-square and ANOVA with pairwise comparisons. Multinomial logistic regression, adjusted for sex and education, evaluated correlates of super-ager group assignment. RESULTS Data for 1285 African-American participants aged ≥80 were analyzed. We identified 24.7% (n = 316) NC, 4.8% (n = 61) super-agers, and 70.6% (n = 905) impaired. Super-agers were mostly female and more educated, had similar vascular comorbidities as the other groups, and had less sleep disorders, depression, and alcohol use. After adjusting for sex and education, super-ager group assignment was associated with less sleep disorders, less depression, and moderate alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS Participants with controlled vascular risk, mental health, alcohol use, and sleep disorders tended to be in the super-ager group. These factors may be important focus areas in clinical practice to support cognitive resilience with aging in older African-American adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monica W. Parker
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ihab M. Hajjar
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Neale N, Lona-Durazo F, Ryten M, Gagliano Taliun SA. Leveraging sex-genetic interactions to understand brain disorders: recent advances and current gaps. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae192. [PMID: 38894947 PMCID: PMC11184352 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
It is established that there are sex differences in terms of prevalence, age of onset, clinical manifestations, and response to treatment for a variety of brain disorders, including neurodevelopmental, psychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders. Cohorts of increasing sample sizes with diverse data types collected, including genetic, transcriptomic and/or phenotypic data, are providing the building blocks to permit analytical designs to test for sex-biased genetic variant-trait associations, and for sex-biased transcriptional regulation. Such molecular assessments can contribute to our understanding of the manifested phenotypic differences between the sexes for brain disorders, offering the future possibility of delivering personalized therapy for females and males. With the intention of raising the profile of this field as a research priority, this review aims to shed light on the importance of investigating sex-genetic interactions for brain disorders, focusing on two areas: (i) variant-trait associations and (ii) transcriptomics (i.e. gene expression, transcript usage and regulation). We specifically discuss recent advances in the field, current gaps and provide considerations for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Neale
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Frida Lona-Durazo
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7 Canada
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Québec, H1T 1C8 Canada
| | - Mina Ryten
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, WC1N 1EH London, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, 20815 MD, USA
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Bloomsbury, WC1N 1EH London, UK
| | - Sarah A Gagliano Taliun
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Québec, H1T 1C8 Canada
- Department of Medicine & Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wyman-Chick KA, Chaudhury P, Bayram E, Abdelnour C, Matar E, Chiu SY, Ferreira D, Hamilton CA, Donaghy PC, Rodriguez-Porcel F, Toledo JB, Habich A, Barrett MJ, Patel B, Jaramillo-Jimenez A, Scott GD, Kane JPM. Differentiating Prodromal Dementia with Lewy Bodies from Prodromal Alzheimer's Disease: A Pragmatic Review for Clinicians. Neurol Ther 2024; 13:885-906. [PMID: 38720013 PMCID: PMC11136939 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-024-00620-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This pragmatic review synthesises the current understanding of prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies (pDLB) and prodromal Alzheimer's disease (pAD), including clinical presentations, neuropsychological profiles, neuropsychiatric symptoms, biomarkers, and indications for disease management. The core clinical features of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB)-parkinsonism, complex visual hallucinations, cognitive fluctuations, and REM sleep behaviour disorder are common prodromal symptoms. Supportive clinical features of pDLB include severe neuroleptic sensitivity, as well as autonomic and neuropsychiatric symptoms. The neuropsychological profile in mild cognitive impairment attributable to Lewy body pathology (MCI-LB) tends to include impairment in visuospatial skills and executive functioning, distinguishing it from MCI due to AD, which typically presents with impairment in memory. pDLB may present with cognitive impairment, psychiatric symptoms, and/or recurrent episodes of delirium, indicating that it is not necessarily synonymous with MCI-LB. Imaging, fluid and other biomarkers may play a crucial role in differentiating pDLB from pAD. The current MCI-LB criteria recognise low dopamine transporter uptake using positron emission tomography or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), loss of REM atonia on polysomnography, and sympathetic cardiac denervation using meta-iodobenzylguanidine SPECT as indicative biomarkers with slowing of dominant frequency on EEG among others as supportive biomarkers. This review also highlights the emergence of fluid and skin-based biomarkers. There is little research evidence for the treatment of pDLB, but pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for DLB may be discussed with patients. Non-pharmacological interventions such as diet, exercise, and cognitive stimulation may provide benefit, while evaluation and management of contributing factors like medications and sleep disturbances are vital. There is a need to expand research across diverse patient populations to address existing disparities in clinical trial participation. In conclusion, an early and accurate diagnosis of pDLB or pAD presents an opportunity for tailored interventions, improved healthcare outcomes, and enhanced quality of life for patients and care partners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Wyman-Chick
- Struthers Parkinson's Center and Center for Memory and Aging, Department of Neurology, HealthPartners/Park Nicollet, Bloomington, USA.
| | - Parichita Chaudhury
- Cleo Roberts Memory and Movement Center, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, USA
| | - Ece Bayram
- Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Carla Abdelnour
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Elie Matar
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shannon Y Chiu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, USA
| | - Daniel Ferreira
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, USA
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Calum A Hamilton
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Paul C Donaghy
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Jon B Toledo
- Nantz National Alzheimer Center, Stanley Appel Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, USA
| | - Annegret Habich
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthew J Barrett
- Department of Neurology, Parkinson's and Movement Disorders Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA
| | - Bhavana Patel
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurologic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Alberto Jaramillo-Jimenez
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- School of Medicine, Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gregory D Scott
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Services, VA Portland Medical Center, Portland, USA
| | - Joseph P M Kane
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
de Vries LE, Jongejan A, Monteiro Fortes J, Balesar R, Rozemuller AJM, Moerland PD, Huitinga I, Swaab DF, Verhaagen J. Gene-expression profiling of individuals resilient to Alzheimer's disease reveals higher expression of genes related to metallothionein and mitochondrial processes and no changes in the unfolded protein response. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:68. [PMID: 38664739 PMCID: PMC11046840 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01760-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Some individuals show a discrepancy between cognition and the amount of neuropathological changes characteristic for Alzheimer's disease (AD). This phenomenon has been referred to as 'resilience'. The molecular and cellular underpinnings of resilience remain poorly understood. To obtain an unbiased understanding of the molecular changes underlying resilience, we investigated global changes in gene expression in the superior frontal gyrus of a cohort of cognitively and pathologically well-defined AD patients, resilient individuals and age-matched controls (n = 11-12 per group). 897 genes were significantly altered between AD and control, 1121 between resilient and control and 6 between resilient and AD. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that the expression of metallothionein (MT) and of genes related to mitochondrial processes was higher in the resilient donors. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified gene modules related to the unfolded protein response, mitochondrial processes and synaptic signaling to be differentially associated with resilience or dementia. As changes in MT, mitochondria, heat shock proteins and the unfolded protein response (UPR) were the most pronounced changes in the GSEA and/or WGCNA, immunohistochemistry was used to further validate these processes. MT was significantly increased in astrocytes in resilient individuals. A higher proportion of the mitochondrial gene MT-CO1 was detected outside the cell body versus inside the cell body in the resilient compared to the control group and there were higher levels of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and X-box-binding protein 1 spliced (XBP1s), two proteins related to heat shock proteins and the UPR, in the AD donors. Finally, we show evidence for putative sex-specific alterations in resilience, including gene expression differences related to autophagy in females compared to males. Taken together, these results show possible mechanisms involving MTs, mitochondrial processes and the UPR by which individuals might maintain cognition despite the presence of AD pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luuk E de Vries
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Methodology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Monteiro Fortes
- Department of Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rawien Balesar
- Department of Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke J M Rozemuller
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Perry D Moerland
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Methodology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Huitinga
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick F Swaab
- Department of Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Verhaagen
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
de Vries LE, Huitinga I, Kessels HW, Swaab DF, Verhaagen J. The concept of resilience to Alzheimer's Disease: current definitions and cellular and molecular mechanisms. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:33. [PMID: 38589893 PMCID: PMC11003087 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00719-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Some individuals are able to maintain their cognitive abilities despite the presence of significant Alzheimer's Disease (AD) neuropathological changes. This discrepancy between cognition and pathology has been labeled as resilience and has evolved into a widely debated concept. External factors such as cognitive stimulation are associated with resilience to AD, but the exact cellular and molecular underpinnings are not completely understood. In this review, we discuss the current definitions used in the field, highlight the translational approaches used to investigate resilience to AD and summarize the underlying cellular and molecular substrates of resilience that have been derived from human and animal studies, which have received more and more attention in the last few years. From these studies the picture emerges that resilient individuals are different from AD patients in terms of specific pathological species and their cellular reaction to AD pathology, which possibly helps to maintain cognition up to a certain tipping point. Studying these rare resilient individuals can be of great importance as it could pave the way to novel therapeutic avenues for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luuk E de Vries
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Inge Huitinga
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helmut W Kessels
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dick F Swaab
- Department of Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joost Verhaagen
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fernández A, Cuesta P, Marcos A, Montenegro-Peña M, Yus M, Rodríguez-Rojo IC, Bruña R, Maestú F, López ME. Sex differences in the progression to Alzheimer's disease: a combination of functional and structural markers. GeroScience 2024; 46:2619-2640. [PMID: 38105400 PMCID: PMC10828170 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-01020-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been frequently interpreted as a transitional phase between healthy cognitive aging and dementia, particularly of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) type. Of note, few studies explored that transition from a multifactorial perspective, taking into consideration the effect of basic factors such as biological sex. In the present study 96 subjects with MCI (37 males and 59 females) were followed-up and divided into two subgroups according to their clinical outcome: "progressive" MCI (pMCI = 41), if they fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for AD at the end of follow-up; and "stable" MCI (sMCI = 55), if they remained with the initial diagnosis. Different markers were combined to characterize sex differences between groups, including magnetoencephalography recordings, cognitive performance, and brain volumes derived from magnetic resonance imaging. Results indicated that the pMCI group exhibited higher low-frequency activity, lower scores in neuropsychological tests and reduced brain volumes than the sMCI group, being these measures significantly correlated. When sex was considered, results revealed that this pattern was mainly due to the influence of the females' sample. Overall, females exhibited lower cognitive scores and reduced brain volumes. More interestingly, females in the pMCI group showed an increased theta activity that correlated with a more abrupt reduction of cognitive and volumetric scores as compared with females in the sMCI group and with males in the pMCI group. These findings suggest that females' brains might be more vulnerable to the effects of AD pathology, since regardless of age, they showed signs of more pronounced deterioration than males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Fernández
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Sanitary Investigation (IdISSC), San Carlos University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Cuesta
- Center for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Sanitary Investigation (IdISSC), San Carlos University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Marcos
- Institute of Sanitary Investigation (IdISSC), San Carlos University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Neurology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Montenegro-Peña
- Centre for the Prevention of Cognitive Impairment, Madrid Salud, Madrid City Council, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes and Speech Therapy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Yus
- Radiology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Concepción Rodríguez-Rojo
- Center for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nursing and Psysiotherapy, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Bruña
- Center for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Sanitary Investigation (IdISSC), San Carlos University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Maestú
- Center for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Sanitary Investigation (IdISSC), San Carlos University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes and Speech Therapy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Eugenia López
- Center for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Institute of Sanitary Investigation (IdISSC), San Carlos University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes and Speech Therapy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bratke S, Schmid S, Ulm B, Jungwirth B, Blobner M, Borgstedt L. Genotype- and sex-specific changes in vital parameters during isoflurane anesthesia in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1342752. [PMID: 38601113 PMCID: PMC11004241 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1342752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing as is life expectancy with Alzheimer's disease accounting for two-thirds of dementia cases globally. Whether general anesthesia and surgery worsen cognitive decline is still a matter of debate and most likely depending on the interplay of various influencing factors. In order to account for this complexity, Alzheimer's disease animal models have been developed. The Tg2576 model of Alzheimer's disease is a well-established mouse model exhibiting amyloidopathy and age-dependent sex-specific differences in Alzheimer's disease symptomology. Yet, data on anesthesia in this mouse model is scarce and a systematic comparison of vital parameters during anesthesia with wild-type animals is missing. In order to investigate the safety of general anesthesia and changes in vital parameters during general anesthesia in Tg2576 mice, we did a secondary analysis of vital parameters collected during general anesthesia in aged Tg2576 mice. Methods After governmental approval (General Administration of the Free State of Bavaria, file number: 55.2-1-54-2532-149-11) 60 mice at 10-12 months of age were exposed to isoflurane (1.6 Vol%) for 120 min, data of 58 mice was analyzed. During general anesthesia, heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, isoflurane concentration and fraction of inspired oxygen were monitored and collected. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate linear mixed regression models. Results During general anesthesia, heart rate decreased in a sex-specific manner. Respiratory rate decreased and body temperature increased dependent on genotype. However, the changes were limited and all vital parameters stayed within physiological limits. Conclusion Isoflurane anesthesia in the Tg2576 mouse model is safe and does not seem to influence experimental results by interacting with vital parameters. The present study provides information on appropriate anesthesia in order to advance research on anesthesia and AD and could contribute to improving laboratory animal welfare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bratke
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schmid
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernhard Ulm
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Jungwirth
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Manfred Blobner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Borgstedt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Do AN, Ali M, Timsina J, Wang L, Western D, Liu M, Sanford J, Rosende-Roca M, Boada M, Puerta R, Wilson T, Ruiz A, Pastor P, Wyss-Coray T, Cruchaga C, Sung YJ. CSF proteomic profiling with amyloid/tau positivity identifies distinctive sex-different alteration of multiple proteins involved in Alzheimer's disease. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.03.15.24304164. [PMID: 38559166 PMCID: PMC10980123 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.15.24304164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, females have higher prevalence and faster progression, but sex-specific molecular findings in AD are limited. Here, we comprehensively examined and validated 7,006 aptamers targeting 6,162 proteins in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) from 2,077 amyloid/tau positive cases and controls to identify sex-specific proteomic signatures of AD. In discovery (N=1,766), we identified 330 male-specific and 121 female-specific proteomic alternations in CSF (FDR <0.05). These sex-specific proteins strongly predicted amyloid/tau positivity (AUC=0.98 in males; 0.99 in females), significantly higher than those with age, sex, and APOE-ε4 (AUC=0.85). The identified sex-specific proteins were well validated (r≥0.5) in the Stanford study (N=108) and Emory study (N=148). Biological follow-up of these proteins led to sex differences in cell-type specificity, pathways, interaction networks, and drug targets. Male-specific proteins, enriched in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, were involved in postsynaptic and axon-genesis. The male network exhibited direct connections among 152 proteins and highlighted PTEN, NOTCH1, FYN, and MAPK8 as hubs. Drug target suggested melatonin (used for sleep-wake cycle regulation), nabumetone (used for pain), daunorubicin, and verteporfin for treating AD males. In contrast, female-specific proteins, enriched in neurons, were involved in phosphoserine residue binding including cytokine activities. The female network exhibits strong connections among 51 proteins and highlighted JUN and 14-3-3 proteins (YWHAG and YWHAZ) as hubs. Drug target suggested biperiden (for muscle control of Parkinson's disease), nimodipine (for cerebral vasospasm), quinostatin and ethaverine for treating AD females. Together, our findings provide mechanistic understanding of sex differences for AD risk and insights into clinically translatable interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anh N Do
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Muhammad Ali
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jigyasha Timsina
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lihua Wang
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel Western
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Menghan Liu
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jessie Sanford
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matitee Rosende-Roca
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE. Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Merce Boada
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE. Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Puerta
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE. Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ted Wilson
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Agustin Ruiz
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE. Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Pastor
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurologic Diseases, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yun Ju Sung
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ekmekcioglu O, Albert NL, Heinrich K, Tolboom N, Van Weehaeghe D, Traub-Weidinger T, Atay LO, Garibotto V, Morbelli S. Neurological Disorders and Women's Health: Contribution of Molecular Neuroimaging Techniques. Semin Nucl Med 2024; 54:237-246. [PMID: 38365546 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Sex differences in brain physiology and the mechanisms of drug action have been extensively reported. These biological variances, from structure to hormonal and genetic aspects, can profoundly influence healthy functioning and disease mechanisms and might have implications for treatment and drug development. Molecular neuroimaging techniques may help to disclose sex's impact on brain functioning, as well as the neuropathological changes underpinning several diseases. This narrative review summarizes recent lines of evidence based on PET and SPECT imaging, highlighting sex differences in normal conditions and various neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozgul Ekmekcioglu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Nathalie L Albert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Heinrich
- Department of Medicine III, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Nelleke Tolboom
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tatiana Traub-Weidinger
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Valentina Garibotto
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Diagnostic Department, University Hospitals of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Morbelli
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, AOU Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
de Leon J, Grasso S, Allen IE, Escueta DP, Vega Y, Eshghavi M, Watson C, Dronkers N, Gorno-Tempini ML, Henry ML. Examining the relation between bilingualism and age of symptom onset in frontotemporal dementia. BILINGUALISM (CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND) 2024; 27:274-286. [PMID: 38707508 PMCID: PMC11065430 DOI: 10.1017/s1366728923000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Bilingualism is thought to confer advantages in executive functioning, thereby contributing to cognitive reserve and a later age of dementia symptom onset. While the relation between bilingualism and age of onset has been explored in Alzheimer's dementia, there are few studies examining bilingualism as a contributor to cognitive reserve in frontotemporal dementia (FTD). In line with previous findings, we hypothesized that bilinguals with behavioral variant FTD would be older at symptom onset compared to monolinguals, but that no such effect would be found in patients with nonfluent/agrammatic variant primary progressive aphasia (PPA) or semantic variant PPA. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found no significant difference in age at symptom onset between monolingual and bilingual speakers within any of the FTD variants, and there were no notable differences on neuropsychological measures. Overall, our results do not support a protective effect of bilingualism in patients with FTD-spectrum disease in a U.S. based cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica de Leon
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Stephanie Grasso
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, University of Texas At Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Isabel Elaine Allen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Danielle P. Escueta
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yvette Vega
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Malihe Eshghavi
- Department of International and Multicultural Education, University of San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christa Watson
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nina Dronkers
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Maya L. Henry
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, University of Texas At Austin, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Eissman JM, Archer DB, Mukherjee S, Lee ML, Choi S, Scollard P, Trittschuh EH, Mez JB, Bush WS, Kunkle BW, Naj AC, Gifford KA, Cuccaro ML, Cruchaga C, Pericak‐Vance MA, Farrer LA, Wang L, Schellenberg GD, Mayeux RP, Haines JL, Jefferson AL, Kukull WA, Keene CD, Saykin AJ, Thompson PM, Martin ER, Bennett DA, Barnes LL, Schneider JA, Crane PK, Hohman TJ, Dumitrescu L. Sex-specific genetic architecture of late-life memory performance. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:1250-1267. [PMID: 37984853 PMCID: PMC10917043 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women demonstrate a memory advantage when cognitively healthy yet lose this advantage to men in Alzheimer's disease. However, the genetic underpinnings of this sex difference in memory performance remain unclear. METHODS We conducted the largest sex-aware genetic study on late-life memory to date (Nmales = 11,942; Nfemales = 15,641). Leveraging harmonized memory composite scores from four cohorts of cognitive aging and AD, we performed sex-stratified and sex-interaction genome-wide association studies in 24,216 non-Hispanic White and 3367 non-Hispanic Black participants. RESULTS We identified three sex-specific loci (rs67099044-CBLN2, rs719070-SCHIP1/IQCJ-SCHIP), including an X-chromosome locus (rs5935633-EGL6/TCEANC/OFD1), that associated with memory. Additionally, we identified heparan sulfate signaling as a sex-specific pathway and found sex-specific genetic correlations between memory and cardiovascular, immune, and education traits. DISCUSSION This study showed memory is highly and comparably heritable across sexes, as well as highlighted novel sex-specific genes, pathways, and genetic correlations that related to late-life memory. HIGHLIGHTS Demonstrated the heritable component of late-life memory is similar across sexes. Identified two genetic loci with a sex-interaction with baseline memory. Identified an X-chromosome locus associated with memory decline in females. Highlighted sex-specific candidate genes and pathways associated with memory. Revealed sex-specific shared genetic architecture between memory and complex traits.
Collapse
|
13
|
Archer DB, Eissman JM, Mukherjee S, Lee ML, Choi S, Scollard P, Trittschuh EH, Mez JB, Bush WS, Kunkle BW, Naj AC, Gifford KA, Cuccaro ML, Pericak‐Vance MA, Farrer LA, Wang L, Schellenberg GD, Mayeux RP, Haines JL, Jefferson AL, Kukull WA, Keene CD, Saykin AJ, Thompson PM, Martin ER, Bennett DA, Barnes LL, Schneider JA, Crane PK, Dumitrescu L, Hohman TJ. Longitudinal change in memory performance as a strong endophenotype for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:1268-1283. [PMID: 37985223 PMCID: PMC10896586 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been conducted on AD, few have been conducted on continuous measures of memory performance and memory decline. METHODS We conducted a cross-ancestry GWAS on memory performance (in 27,633 participants) and memory decline (in 22,365 participants; 129,201 observations) by leveraging harmonized cognitive data from four aging cohorts. RESULTS We found high heritability for two ancestry backgrounds. Further, we found a novel ancestry locus for memory decline on chromosome 4 (rs6848524) and three loci in the non-Hispanic Black ancestry group for memory performance on chromosomes 2 (rs111471504), 7 (rs4142249), and 15 (rs74381744). In our gene-level analysis, we found novel genes for memory decline on chromosomes 1 (SLC25A44), 11 (BSX), and 15 (DPP8). Memory performance and memory decline shared genetic architecture with AD-related traits, neuropsychiatric traits, and autoimmune traits. DISCUSSION We discovered several novel loci, genes, and genetic correlations associated with late-life memory performance and decline. HIGHLIGHTS Late-life memory has high heritability that is similar across ancestries. We discovered four novel variants associated with late-life memory. We identified four novel genes associated with late-life memory. Late-life memory shares genetic architecture with psychiatric/autoimmune traits.
Collapse
|
14
|
Heidebrink JL, Paulson HL. Lessons Learned from Approval of Aducanumab for Alzheimer's Disease. Annu Rev Med 2024; 75:99-111. [PMID: 38285515 PMCID: PMC10926277 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-051022-043645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
When the US Food and Drug Administration used the accelerated approval process to authorize the use of the antiamyloid drug aducanumab to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD), many people hoped this signaled a new era of disease-modifying treatment. But 2 years later, aducanumab's failure to launch provides a cautionary tale about the complexities of dementia and the need for a thorough and transparent review of the role that regulatory agencies and various stakeholders play in approving AD drugs. We highlight the events leading to aducanumab's controversial approval and discuss some of the key lessons learned from the drug's failure to deliver the hoped-for benefits. These lessons include the inherent limitations of antiamyloid strategies for a complex disease in which amyloid is only one of several pathological processes, the need for clinical trials that better reflect the diversity of communities affected by AD, the potential pitfalls of futility analyses in clinical trials, the need for greater transparency and other modifications to the approval process, and the dementia field's unreadiness to move from the highly controlled environment of clinical trials to the widespread and chronic use of resource-intensive, disease-modifying drugs in real-world treatment scenarios. People with dementia desperately need effective therapies. We hope that the aducanumab story will inspire changes to the approval process-changes that restore public trust and improve future efforts to deliver disease-modifying therapies to the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith L Heidebrink
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; ,
- Michigan Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Henry L Paulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; ,
- Michigan Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Veitch DP, Weiner MW, Miller M, Aisen PS, Ashford MA, Beckett LA, Green RC, Harvey D, Jack CR, Jagust W, Landau SM, Morris JC, Nho KT, Nosheny R, Okonkwo O, Perrin RJ, Petersen RC, Rivera Mindt M, Saykin A, Shaw LM, Toga AW, Tosun D. The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative in the era of Alzheimer's disease treatment: A review of ADNI studies from 2021 to 2022. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:652-694. [PMID: 37698424 PMCID: PMC10841343 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) aims to improve Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials. Since 2006, ADNI has shared clinical, neuroimaging, and cognitive data, and biofluid samples. We used conventional search methods to identify 1459 publications from 2021 to 2022 using ADNI data/samples and reviewed 291 impactful studies. This review details how ADNI studies improved disease progression understanding and clinical trial efficiency. Advances in subject selection, detection of treatment effects, harmonization, and modeling improved clinical trials and plasma biomarkers like phosphorylated tau showed promise for clinical use. Biomarkers of amyloid beta, tau, neurodegeneration, inflammation, and others were prognostic with individualized prediction algorithms available online. Studies supported the amyloid cascade, emphasized the importance of neuroinflammation, and detailed widespread heterogeneity in disease, linked to genetic and vascular risk, co-pathologies, sex, and resilience. Biological subtypes were consistently observed. Generalizability of ADNI results is limited by lack of cohort diversity, an issue ADNI-4 aims to address by enrolling a diverse cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dallas P. Veitch
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterNorthern California Institute for Research and Education (NCIRE)San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterCenter for Imaging of Neurodegenerative DiseasesSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Michael W. Weiner
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterCenter for Imaging of Neurodegenerative DiseasesSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical ImagingUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Melanie Miller
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterNorthern California Institute for Research and Education (NCIRE)San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterCenter for Imaging of Neurodegenerative DiseasesSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Paul S. Aisen
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research InstituteUniversity of Southern CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Miriam A. Ashford
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterNorthern California Institute for Research and Education (NCIRE)San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Laurel A. Beckett
- Division of BiostatisticsDepartment of Public Health SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Robert C. Green
- Division of GeneticsDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBroad Institute Ariadne Labs and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Danielle Harvey
- Division of BiostatisticsDepartment of Public Health SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - William Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Susan M. Landau
- Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - John C. Morris
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of Pathology and ImmunologyWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Kwangsik T. Nho
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and the Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Center for Computational Biology and BioinformaticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Rachel Nosheny
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterCenter for Imaging of Neurodegenerative DiseasesSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ozioma Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Department of MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Richard J. Perrin
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of Pathology and ImmunologyWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | - Monica Rivera Mindt
- Department of PsychologyLatin American and Latino Studies InstituteAfrican and African American StudiesFordham UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of NeurologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Andrew Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and the Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Leslie M. Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and the PENN Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterCenter for Neurodegenerative ResearchPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Arthur W. Toga
- Laboratory of Neuro ImagingInstitute of Neuroimaging and InformaticsKeck School of Medicine of University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Duygu Tosun
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterCenter for Imaging of Neurodegenerative DiseasesSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical ImagingUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Westrick AC, Avila‐Rieger J, Gross AL, Hohman T, Vonk JMJ, Zahodne LB, Kobayashi LC. Does education moderate gender disparities in later-life memory function? A cross-national comparison of harmonized cognitive assessment protocols in the United States and India. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:16-24. [PMID: 37490296 PMCID: PMC10808282 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We compared gender disparities in later-life memory, overall and by education, in India and the United States (US). METHODS Data (N = 7443) were from harmonized cognitive assessment protocols (HCAPs) in the Longitudinal Aging Study of India-Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia (LASI-DAD; N = 4096; 2017-19) and US Health and Retirement Study HCAP (HRS-HCAP; N = 3347; 2016-17). We derived harmonized memory factors from each study using confirmatory factor analysis. We used multivariable-adjusted linear regression to compare gender disparities in memory function between countries, overall and by education. RESULTS In the United States, older women had better memory than older men (0.28 SD-unit difference; 95% CI: 0.22, 0.35). In India, older women had worse memory than older men (-0.15 SD-unit difference; 95% CI: -0.20, -0.10), which attenuated with increasing education and literacy. CONCLUSION We observed gender disparities in memory in India that were not present in the United States, and which dissipated with education and literacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashly C. Westrick
- Department of EpidemiologyCenter for Social Epidemiology and Population HealthUniversity of Michigan: School of Public HealthAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Justina Avila‐Rieger
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center and the Taub Institute for Research in Aging and Alzheimer's DiseaseColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Alden L. Gross
- Department of EpidemiologyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthCenter on Aging and HealthJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Timothy Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's CenterVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Vanderbilt Genetics InstituteVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Jet M. J. Vonk
- Department of NeurologyMemory and Aging CenterUniversity of California San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Laura B. Zahodne
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Lindsay C. Kobayashi
- Department of EpidemiologyCenter for Social Epidemiology and Population HealthUniversity of Michigan: School of Public HealthAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Brisendine MH, Nichenko AS, Bandara AB, Willoughby OS, Amiri N, Weingrad Z, Specht KS, Bond JM, Addington A, Jones RG, Murach KA, Poelzing S, Craige SM, Grange RW, Drake JC. Neuromuscular Dysfunction Precedes Cognitive Impairment in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. FUNCTION 2023; 5:zqad066. [PMID: 38111538 PMCID: PMC10727840 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqad066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) develops along a continuum that spans years prior to diagnosis. Decreased muscle function and mitochondrial respiration occur years earlier in those that develop AD; however, it is unknown what causes these peripheral phenotypes in a disease of the brain. Exercise promotes muscle, mitochondria, and cognitive health and is proposed to be a potential therapeutic for AD, but no study has investigated how skeletal muscle adapts to exercise training in an AD-like context. Utilizing 5xFAD mice, an AD model that develops ad-like pathology and cognitive impairments around 6 mo of age, we examined in vivo neuromuscular function and exercise adapations (mitochondrial respiration and RNA sequencing) before the manifestation of overt cognitive impairment. We found 5xFAD mice develop neuromuscular dysfunction beginning as early as 4 mo of age, characterized by impaired nerve-stimulated muscle torque production and compound nerve action potential of the sciatic nerve. Furthermore, skeletal muscle in 5xFAD mice had altered, sex-dependent, adaptive responses (mitochondrial respiration and gene expression) to exercise training in the absence of overt cognitive impairment. Changes in peripheral systems, specifically neural communication to skeletal muscle, may be harbingers for AD and have implications for lifestyle interventions, like exercise, in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H Brisendine
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Anna S Nichenko
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Aloka B Bandara
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Orion S Willoughby
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Niloufar Amiri
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Zach Weingrad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Kalyn S Specht
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Jacob M Bond
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Program, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Adele Addington
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Ronald G Jones
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Kevin A Murach
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Steven Poelzing
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Program, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Siobhan M Craige
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Program, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Robert W Grange
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Joshua C Drake
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Program, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zegarra-Valdivia JA, Pignatelli J, Nuñez A, Torres Aleman I. The Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor I in Mechanisms of Resilience and Vulnerability to Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16440. [PMID: 38003628 PMCID: PMC10671249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of intense research, disease-modifying therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are still very much needed. Apart from the extensively analyzed tau and amyloid pathological cascades, two promising avenues of research that may eventually identify new druggable targets for AD are based on a better understanding of the mechanisms of resilience and vulnerability to this condition. We argue that insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) activity in the brain provides a common substrate for the mechanisms of resilience and vulnerability to AD. We postulate that preserved brain IGF-I activity contributes to resilience to AD pathology as this growth factor intervenes in all the major pathological cascades considered to be involved in AD, including metabolic impairment, altered proteostasis, and inflammation, to name the three that are considered to be the most important ones. Conversely, disturbed IGF-I activity is found in many AD risk factors, such as old age, type 2 diabetes, imbalanced diet, sedentary life, sociality, stroke, stress, and low education, whereas the Apolipoprotein (Apo) E4 genotype and traumatic brain injury may also be influenced by brain IGF-I activity. Accordingly, IGF-I activity should be taken into consideration when analyzing these processes, while its preservation will predictably help prevent the progress of AD pathology. Thus, we need to define IGF-I activity in all these conditions and develop a means to preserve it. However, defining brain IGF-I activity cannot be solely based on humoral or tissue levels of this neurotrophic factor, and new functionally based assessments need to be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Zegarra-Valdivia
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- School of Medicine, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo 14000, Peru
| | - Jaime Pignatelli
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Cajal Institute (CSIC), 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Nuñez
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ignacio Torres Aleman
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang H, Hao M, Li Y, Hu Z, Liu Z, Jiang S, Jin L, Wang X. Assessment of Physical Resilience Using Residual Methods and Its Association With Adverse Outcomes in Older Adults. Innov Aging 2023; 7:igad118. [PMID: 38024329 PMCID: PMC10652184 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igad118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Physical resilience (PR) is recognized as the ability to recover from the adverse effects of a stressor. However, there is a lack of consensus on how to optimally measure PR in older adults in general. We aimed to measure PR using residuals from regression analyses and investigated its association with adverse outcomes in older adults. Research Design and Methods A total of 6 508 older adults were included from the National Health and Aging Trends Study, which was a population-based prospective cohort study. PR was assessed using residual methods from a linear model regressing the short physical performance battery on clinical diseases, age, sex, race/ethnicity, and health condition. Adverse outcomes included all-cause mortality, falls, and overnight hospitalization. Results The mean age was 77.48 (7.84) years. Increased PR was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.83-0.87). Compared to participants with reduced PR, those with normal PR had a lower risk for mortality (HR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.46-0.56). Specifically, restricted cubic spline regression revealed a dose-response relationship between PR and all-cause mortality (p-overall < .0001, p-nonlinear = .011). Additionally, we also found significant associations of increased PR with lower risks of falls (HR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.96-0.99) and overnight hospitalization (HR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.97-1.00). Discussion and Implications PR, measured by residual methods, was robustly and independently associated with all-cause mortality, falls, and overnight hospitalization. Our findings provide evidence that this approach may be a simple and feasible strategy to assess PR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Hao
- Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan Zhangjiang Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Li
- Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixin Hu
- Artificial Intelligence Innovation and Incubation Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuyun Liu
- School of Public Health and the Second Affiliated Hospital, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesion Regulation and Remodeling, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jin
- Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wood ME, Xiong LY, Wong YY, Buckley RF, Swardfager W, Masellis M, Lim ASP, Nichols E, Joie RL, Casaletto KB, Kumar RG, Dams-O'Connor K, Palta P, George KM, Satizabal CL, Barnes LL, Schneider JA, Binet AP, Villeneuve S, Pa J, Brickman AM, Black SE, Rabin JS. Sex differences in associations between APOE ε2 and longitudinal cognitive decline. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:4651-4661. [PMID: 36994910 PMCID: PMC10544702 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We examined whether sex modifies the association between APOE ε2 and cognitive decline in two independent samples. METHODS We used observational data from cognitively unimpaired non-Hispanic White (NHW) and non-Hispanic Black (NHB) adults. Linear mixed models examined interactive associations of APOE genotype (ε2 or ε4 carrier vs. ε3/ε3) and sex on cognitive decline in NHW and NHB participants separately. RESULTS In both Sample 1 (N = 9766) and Sample 2 (N = 915), sex modified the association between APOE ε2 and cognitive decline in NHW participants. Specifically, relative to APOE ε3/ε3, APOE ε2 protected against cognitive decline in men but not women. Among APOE ε2 carriers, men had slower decline than women. Among APOE ε3/ε3 carriers, cognitive trajectories did not differ between sexes. There were no sex-specific associations of APOE ε2 with cognition in NHB participants (N = 2010). DISCUSSION In NHW adults, APOE ε2 may protect men but not women against cognitive decline. HIGHLIGHTS We studied sex-specific apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε2 effects on cognitive decline. In non-Hispanic White (NHW) adults, APOE ε2 selectively protects men against decline. Among men, APOE ε2 was more protective than APOE ε3/ε3. In women, APOE ε2 was no more protective than APOE ε3/ε3. Among APOE ε2 carriers, men had slower decline than women. There were no sex-specific APOE ε2 effects in non-Hispanic Black (NHB) adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madeline E Wood
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa Y Xiong
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuen Yan Wong
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel F Buckley
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Florey Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Walter Swardfager
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mario Masellis
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew S P Lim
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma Nichols
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Renaud La Joie
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kaitlin B Casaletto
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Raj G Kumar
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kristen Dams-O'Connor
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Priya Palta
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kristen M George
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Claudia L Satizabal
- Department of Population Health Science and Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lisa L Barnes
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alexa Pichette Binet
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sylvia Villeneuve
- Centre for Studies on Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (StoP-AD), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Centre for Studies on the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (StoP-AD), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Judy Pa
- Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Adam M Brickman
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sandra E Black
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer S Rabin
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ourry V, Rehel S, André C, Mary A, Paly L, Delarue M, Requier F, Hendy A, Collette F, Marchant NL, Felisatti F, Palix C, Vivien D, de la Sayette V, Chételat G, Gonneaud J, Rauchs G. Effect of cognitive reserve on the association between slow wave sleep and cognition in community-dwelling older adults. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:9275-9292. [PMID: 37770186 PMCID: PMC10564409 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Sleep, especially slow wave sleep (SWS), is essential for cognitive functioning and is reduced in aging. The impact of sleep quality on cognition is variable, especially in aging. Cognitive reserve (CR) may be an important modulator of these effects. We aimed at investigating this question to better identify individuals in whom sleep disturbances might have greater behavioral consequences. Polysomnography and neuropsychological assessments were performed in 135 cognitively intact older adults (mean age ± SD: 69.4 ± 3.8y) from the Age-Well randomized controlled trial (baseline data). Two measures of cognitive engagement throughout life were used as CR proxies. Linear regression analyses were performed between the proportion of SWS, and executive function and episodic memory composite scores. Then, interaction analyses between SWS and CR proxies on cognition were conducted to assess the possible impact of CR on these links. SWS was positively associated with episodic memory, but not with executive function. CR proxies modulated the associations between SWS and both executive and episodic memory performance. Specifically, individuals with higher CR were able to maintain cognitive performance despite low amounts of SWS. This study provides the first evidence that CR may protect against the deleterious effects of age-related sleep changes on cognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Ourry
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, Caen, France
| | - Stéphane Rehel
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, Caen, France
| | - Claire André
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, Caen, France
| | - Alison Mary
- Neuropsychology and Functional Imaging Research Group (UR2NF), Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN), UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Bruxelles 1050, Belgium
| | - Léo Paly
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France
| | - Marion Delarue
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France
| | - Florence Requier
- University of Liege, GIGA CRC Vivo Imaging, Liege, Belgium
- University of Liege, Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition, Liege, Belgium
| | - Anne Hendy
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fabienne Collette
- University of Liege, GIGA CRC Vivo Imaging, Liege, Belgium
- University of Liege, Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Francesca Felisatti
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France
| | - Cassandre Palix
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France
- Département de Recherche Clinique, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Vincent de la Sayette
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, Caen, France
- Service de Neurologie, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Gaël Chételat
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France
| | - Julie Gonneaud
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France
| | - Géraldine Rauchs
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Miyoshi E, Morabito S, Henningfield CM, Rahimzadeh N, Kiani Shabestari S, Das S, Michael N, Reese F, Shi Z, Cao Z, Scarfone V, Arreola MA, Lu J, Wright S, Silva J, Leavy K, Lott IT, Doran E, Yong WH, Shahin S, Perez-Rosendahl M, Head E, Green KN, Swarup V. Spatial and single-nucleus transcriptomic analysis of genetic and sporadic forms of Alzheimer's Disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.24.550282. [PMID: 37546983 PMCID: PMC10402031 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.24.550282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) depends on environmental and heritable factors, with remarkable differences evident between individuals at the molecular level. Here we present a transcriptomic survey of AD using spatial transcriptomics (ST) and single-nucleus RNA-seq in cortical samples from early-stage AD, late-stage AD, and AD in Down Syndrome (AD in DS) donors. Studying AD in DS provides an opportunity to enhance our understanding of the AD transcriptome, potentially bridging the gap between genetic mouse models and sporadic AD. Our analysis revealed spatial and cell-type specific changes in disease, with broad similarities in these changes between sAD and AD in DS. We performed additional ST experiments in a disease timecourse of 5xFAD and wildtype mice to facilitate cross-species comparisons. Finally, amyloid plaque and fibril imaging in the same tissue samples used for ST enabled us to directly link changes in gene expression with accumulation and spread of pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Miyoshi
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Samuel Morabito
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Mathematical, Computational, and Systems Biology (MCSB) Program, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Complex Biological Systems (CCBS), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Caden M Henningfield
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Negin Rahimzadeh
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Mathematical, Computational, and Systems Biology (MCSB) Program, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Complex Biological Systems (CCBS), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sepideh Kiani Shabestari
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sudeshna Das
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Neethu Michael
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Fairlie Reese
- Center for Complex Biological Systems (CCBS), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Zechuan Shi
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Zhenkun Cao
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Vanessa Scarfone
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Miguel A Arreola
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jackie Lu
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sierra Wright
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Justine Silva
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kelsey Leavy
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ira T Lott
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Eric Doran
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - William H Yong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine , Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Saba Shahin
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Mari Perez-Rosendahl
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine , Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine , Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kim N Green
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Vivek Swarup
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Complex Biological Systems (CCBS), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Misiura MB, Butts B, Hammerschlag B, Munkombwe C, Bird A, Fyffe M, Hemphill A, Dotson VM, Wharton W. Intersectionality in Alzheimer's Disease: The Role of Female Sex and Black American Race in the Development and Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:1019-1036. [PMID: 37490246 PMCID: PMC10457280 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01408-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that vascular factors and specific social determinants of health contribute to dementia risk and that the prevalence of these risk factors differs according to race and sex. In this review, we discuss the intersection of sex and race, particularly female sex and Black American race. Women, particularly Black women, have been underrepresented in Alzheimer's disease clinical trials and research. However, in recent years, the number of women participating in clinical research has steadily increased. A greater prevalence of vascular risk factors such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes, coupled with unique social and environmental pressures, puts Black American women particularly at risk for the development of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Female sex hormones and the use of hormonal birth control may offer some protective benefits, but results are mixed, and studies do not consistently report the demographics of their samples. We argue that as a research community, greater efforts should be made to not only recruit this vulnerable population, but also report the demographic makeup of samples in research to better target those at greatest risk for the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria B Misiura
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging & Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Brittany Butts
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bruno Hammerschlag
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chinkuli Munkombwe
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging & Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Arianna Bird
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mercedes Fyffe
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Asia Hemphill
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging & Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vonetta M Dotson
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Gerontology Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Whitney Wharton
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kang M, Ang TFA, Devine SA, Sherva R, Mukherjee S, Trittschuh EH, Gibbons LE, Scollard P, Lee M, Choi SE, Klinedinst B, Nakano C, Dumitrescu LC, Durant A, Hohman TJ, Cuccaro ML, Saykin AJ, Kukull WA, Bennett DA, Wang LS, Mayeux RP, Haines JL, Pericak-Vance MA, Schellenberg GD, Crane PK, Au R, Lunetta KL, Mez JB, Farrer LA. A genome-wide search for pleiotropy in more than 100,000 harmonized longitudinal cognitive domain scores. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:40. [PMID: 37349795 PMCID: PMC10286470 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00633-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 75 common variant loci account for only a portion of the heritability for Alzheimer's disease (AD). A more complete understanding of the genetic basis of AD can be deduced by exploring associations with AD-related endophenotypes. METHODS We conducted genome-wide scans for cognitive domain performance using harmonized and co-calibrated scores derived by confirmatory factor analyses for executive function, language, and memory. We analyzed 103,796 longitudinal observations from 23,066 members of community-based (FHS, ACT, and ROSMAP) and clinic-based (ADRCs and ADNI) cohorts using generalized linear mixed models including terms for SNP, age, SNP × age interaction, sex, education, and five ancestry principal components. Significance was determined based on a joint test of the SNP's main effect and interaction with age. Results across datasets were combined using inverse-variance meta-analysis. Genome-wide tests of pleiotropy for each domain pair as the outcome were performed using PLACO software. RESULTS Individual domain and pleiotropy analyses revealed genome-wide significant (GWS) associations with five established loci for AD and AD-related disorders (BIN1, CR1, GRN, MS4A6A, and APOE) and eight novel loci. ULK2 was associated with executive function in the community-based cohorts (rs157405, P = 2.19 × 10-9). GWS associations for language were identified with CDK14 in the clinic-based cohorts (rs705353, P = 1.73 × 10-8) and LINC02712 in the total sample (rs145012974, P = 3.66 × 10-8). GRN (rs5848, P = 4.21 × 10-8) and PURG (rs117523305, P = 1.73 × 10-8) were associated with memory in the total and community-based cohorts, respectively. GWS pleiotropy was observed for language and memory with LOC107984373 (rs73005629, P = 3.12 × 10-8) in the clinic-based cohorts, and with NCALD (rs56162098, P = 1.23 × 10-9) and PTPRD (rs145989094, P = 8.34 × 10-9) in the community-based cohorts. GWS pleiotropy was also found for executive function and memory with OSGIN1 (rs12447050, P = 4.09 × 10-8) and PTPRD (rs145989094, P = 3.85 × 10-8) in the community-based cohorts. Functional studies have previously linked AD to ULK2, NCALD, and PTPRD. CONCLUSION Our results provide some insight into biological pathways underlying processes leading to domain-specific cognitive impairment and AD, as well as a conduit toward a syndrome-specific precision medicine approach to AD. Increasing the number of participants with harmonized cognitive domain scores will enhance the discovery of additional genetic factors of cognitive decline leading to AD and related dementias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moonil Kang
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street E200, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Ting Fang Alvin Ang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Sherral A. Devine
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Richard Sherva
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street E200, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Shubhabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Emily H. Trittschuh
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Laura E. Gibbons
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Phoebe Scollard
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Michael Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Seo-Eun Choi
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Brandon Klinedinst
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Connie Nakano
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Logan C. Dumitrescu
- Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Alaina Durant
- Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Timothy J. Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Michael L. Cuccaro
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Indiana Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Services, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Walter A. Kukull
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Li-San Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Richard P. Mayeux
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Jonathan L. Haines
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH USA
| | | | - Gerard D. Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Paul K. Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Rhoda Au
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Kathryn L. Lunetta
- Framingham Heart Study, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jesse B. Mez
- Framingham Heart Study, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Lindsay A. Farrer
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street E200, Boston, MA 02118 USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Calvo N, Einstein G. Steroid hormones: risk and resilience in women's Alzheimer disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1159435. [PMID: 37396653 PMCID: PMC10313425 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1159435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
More women have Alzheimer disease (AD) than men, but the reasons for this phenomenon are still unknown. Including women in clinical research and studying their biology is key to understand not just their increased risk but also their resilience against the disease. In this sense, women are more affected by AD than men, but their reserve or resilience mechanisms might delay symptom onset. The aim of this review was to explore what is known about mechanisms underlying women's risk and resilience in AD and identify emerging themes in this area that merit further research. We conducted a review of studies analyzing molecular mechanisms that may induce neuroplasticity in women, as well as cognitive and brain reserve. We also analyzed how the loss of steroid hormones in aging may be linked to AD. We included empirical studies with human and animal models, literature reviews as well as meta-analyses. Our search identified the importance of 17-b-estradiol (E2) as a mechanism driving cognitive and brain reserve in women. More broadly, our analysis revealed the following emerging perspectives: (1) the importance of steroid hormones and their effects on both neurons and glia for the study of risk and resilience in AD, (2) E2's crucial role in women's brain reserve, (3) women's verbal memory advantage as a cognitive reserve factor, and (4) E2's potential role in linguistic experiences such as multilingualism and hearing loss. Future directions for research include analyzing the reserve mechanisms of steroid hormones on neuronal and glial plasticity, as well as identifying the links between steroid hormone loss in aging and risk for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Calvo
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gillian Einstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Tema Genus, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Women’s College Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Life Course and Aging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nelson TJ, Xu Y. Sting and p53 DNA repair pathways are compromised in Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8304. [PMID: 37221295 PMCID: PMC10206146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35533-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. A common finding in AD is DNA damage. Double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) are particularly hazardous to neurons because their post-mitotic state forces neurons to rely on error-prone and potentially mutagenic mechanisms to repair DNA breaks. However, it remains unclear whether DNA damage results from increased DNA damage or failure of DNA repair. Oligomerization of the tumor suppressor protein p53 is an essential part of DSB repair, and p53 phosphorylated on S15 is an indicator of DNA damage. We report that the monomer:dimer ratio of phosphorylated (S15) p53 is increased by 2.86-fold in temporal lobes of AD patients compared to age-matched controls, indicating that p53 oligomerization is compromised in AD. In vitro oxidation of p53 with 100 nM H2O2 produced a similar shift in the monomer:dimer ratio. A COMET test showed a higher level of DNA degradation in AD consistent with double-strand DNA damage or inhibition of repair. Protein carbonylation was also elevated (190% of control), indicating elevated oxidative stress in AD patients. Levels of the DNA repair support protein 14-3-3σ, γ-H2AX, a phosphorylated histone marking double strand DNA breaks, and phosphorylated ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein were all increased. cGAS-STING-interferon signaling was impaired in AD and was accompanied by a depletion of STING protein from Golgi and a failure to elevate interferon despite the presence of DSBs. The results suggest that oxidation of p53 by ROS could inhibit the DDR and decrease its ability to orchestrate DSB repair by altering the oligomerization state of p53. The failure of immune-stimulated DNA repair may contribute to cell loss in AD and suggests new therapeutic targets for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Nelson
- Department of Neurology, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, 25704, USA.
| | - Yunhui Xu
- Department of Neurology, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, 25704, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kommaddi RP, Verma A, Muniz-Terrera G, Tiwari V, Chithanathan K, Diwakar L, Gowaikar R, Karunakaran S, Malo PK, Graff-Radford NR, Day GS, Laske C, Vöglein J, Nübling G, Ikeuchi T, Kasuga K, Ravindranath V. Sex difference in evolution of cognitive decline: studies on mouse model and the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network cohort. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:123. [PMID: 37045867 PMCID: PMC10097702 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02411-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Women carry a higher burden of Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared to men, which is not accounted entirely by differences in lifespan. To identify the mechanisms underlying this effect, we investigated sex-specific differences in the progression of familial AD in humans and in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice. Activity dependent protein translation and associative learning and memory deficits were examined in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice and wild-type mice. As a human comparator group, progression of cognitive dysfunction was assessed in mutation carriers and non-carriers from DIAN (Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network) cohort. Female APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice did not show recall deficits after contextual fear conditioning until 8 months of age. Further, activity dependent protein translation and Akt1-mTOR signaling at the synapse were impaired in male but not in female mice until 8 months of age. Ovariectomized APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice displayed recall deficits at 4 months of age and these were sustained until 8 months of age. Moreover, activity dependent protein translation was also impaired in 4 months old ovariectomized APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice compared with sham female APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice. Progression of memory impairment differed between men and women in the DIAN cohort as analyzed using linear mixed effects model, wherein men showed steeper cognitive decline irrespective of the age of entry in the study, while women showed significantly greater performance and slower decline in immediate recall (LOGIMEM) and delayed recall (MEMUNITS) than men. However, when the performance of men and women in several cognitive tasks (such as Wechsler's logical memory) are compared with the estimated year from expected symptom onset (EYO) we found no significant differences between men and women. We conclude that in familial AD patients and mouse models, females are protected, and the onset of disease is delayed as long as estrogen levels are intact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reddy Peera Kommaddi
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
| | - Aditi Verma
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Graciela Muniz-Terrera
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- The Department of Social Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Vivek Tiwari
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | | | - Latha Diwakar
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Ruturaj Gowaikar
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Smitha Karunakaran
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Palash Kumar Malo
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Neill R Graff-Radford
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 4500 San Pablo Road S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Gregory S Day
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 4500 San Pablo Road S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Vöglein
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Nübling
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Takeshi Ikeuchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Center for Bioresources, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Kensaku Kasuga
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Center for Bioresources, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Vijayalakshmi Ravindranath
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li YY, Yu KY, Cui YJ, Wang ZJ, Cai HY, Cao JM, Wu MN. Orexin-A aggravates cognitive deficits in 3xTg-AD mice by exacerbating synaptic plasticity impairment and affecting amyloid β metabolism. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 124:71-84. [PMID: 36758468 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Dementia is the main clinical feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Orexin has recently been linked to AD pathogenesis, and exogenous orexin-A (OXA) aggravates spatial memory impairment in APP/PS1 mice. However, the effects of OXA on other types of cognitive deficits, especially in 3xTg-AD mice exhibiting both plaque and tangle pathologies, have not been reported. Furthermore, the potential electrophysiological mechanism by which OXA affects cognitive deficits and the molecular mechanism by which OXA increases amyloid β (Aβ) levels are unknown. In the present study, the effects of OXA on cognitive functions, synaptic plasticity, Aβ levels, tau hyperphosphorylation, BACE1 and NEP expression, and circadian locomotor rhythm were evaluated. The results showed that OXA aggravated memory impairments and circadian rhythm disturbance, exacerbated hippocampal LTP depression, and increased Aβ and tau pathologies in 3xTg-AD mice by affecting BACE1 and NEP expression. These results indicated that OXA aggravates cognitive deficits and hippocampal synaptic plasticity impairment in 3xTg-AD mice by increasing Aβ production and decreasing Aβ clearance through disruption of the circadian rhythm and sleep-wake cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ying Li
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Kai-Yue Yu
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yu-Jia Cui
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Wang
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Hong-Yan Cai
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ji-Min Cao
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Mei-Na Wu
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yang M, Zhang X, Qiao O, Ji H, Zhang Y, Han X, Wang W, Li X, Wang J, Guo L, Huang L, Gao W. Rosmarinic acid potentiates and detoxifies tacrine in combination for Alzheimer's disease. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154600. [PMID: 36610144 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no doubt that Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the greatest threats facing mankind today. Within the next few decades, Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) will be the most widely used treatment for Alzheimer's disease. The withdrawal of the first generation AChEIs drug Tacrine (TAC)/ Cognex from the market as a result of hepatotoxicity has always been an interesting case study. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural compound of phenolic acids that has pharmacological activity for inhibiting Alzheimer's disease, as well as liver protection. PURPOSE AND STUDY DESIGN In this study, we determined that RA can reduce the hepatotoxicity of TAC, and both of them act synergistically to inhibit the progression of AD in mice. METHODS In addition to the wild type mice (WT) group, the 6-month-old APP/PS1 (APPswe/PSEN1dE9) double-transgenic (Tg) mice were randomly divided into 6 groups: Tg group, TAC group, RA group, TAC+Silymarin (SIL) group, TAC+RA-L (Rosmarinic Acid Low Dose) goup and TAC+RA-H (Rosmarinic Acid High Dose) group. A series of experiments were carried out, including open field test, Morris water maze test, Hematoxylin - Eosin (HE) staining, Nissl staining, biochemical analysis, immunofluorescence analysis, western blotting analysis and so on. RESULTS RA combined with TAC could enter the brain tissue of AD mice, and the combination of drugs could better improve the cognitive behavior and brain pathological damage of AD mice, reduce the expression of A β oligomer, inhibit the deposition of A β, inhibit the activity of AChE and enhance the level of Ach in hippocampus. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that RA could alleviate the hepatotoxicity or liver injury induced by TAC. The Western blot analysis of the liver of AD mice showed that RA combined with TAC might inhibit the apoptosis of Bcl-2/Bax, reduce the programmed apoptosis mediated by caspase-3 and reduce the burden of liver induced by TAC, could inhibit the development of liver apoptosis by alleviating the hepatotoxicity of TAC and inhibiting the phosphorylation of JNK. CONCLUSION The potential drug combination that combines rosmarinic acid with tacrine could reduce tacrine's hepatotoxicity as well as enhance its therapeutic effect on Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjuan Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Ou Qiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Haixia Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xiaoying Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Wenzhe Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xia Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Juan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Santiago JA, Quinn JP, Potashkin JA. Sex-specific transcriptional rewiring in the brain of Alzheimer’s disease patients. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1009368. [PMID: 36389068 PMCID: PMC9659968 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1009368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex-specific differences may contribute to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development. AD is more prevalent in women worldwide, and female sex has been suggested as a disease risk factor. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying sex-biased differences in AD remain poorly characterized. To this end, we analyzed the transcriptional changes in the entorhinal cortex of symptomatic and asymptomatic AD patients stratified by sex. Co-expression network analysis implemented by SWItchMiner software identified sex-specific signatures of switch genes responsible for drastic transcriptional changes in the brain of AD and asymptomatic AD individuals. Pathway analysis of the switch genes revealed that morphine addiction, retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, and autophagy are associated with both females with AD (F-AD) and males with (M-AD). In contrast, nicotine addiction, cell adhesion molecules, oxytocin signaling, adipocytokine signaling, prolactin signaling, and alcoholism are uniquely associated with M-AD. Similarly, some of the unique pathways associated with F-AD switch genes are viral myocarditis, Hippo signaling pathway, endometrial cancer, insulin signaling, and PI3K-AKT signaling. Together these results reveal that there are many sex-specific pathways that may lead to AD. Approximately 20–30% of the elderly have an accumulation of amyloid beta in the brain, but show no cognitive deficit. Asymptomatic females (F-asymAD) and males (M-asymAD) both shared dysregulation of endocytosis. In contrast, pathways uniquely associated with F-asymAD switch genes are insulin secretion, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, axon guidance, renal cell carcinoma, and ErbB signaling pathway. Similarly, pathways uniquely associated with M-asymAD switch genes are fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, FcγR mediated phagocytosis, and proteoglycans in cancer. These results reveal for the first time unique pathways associated with either disease progression or cognitive resilience in asymptomatic individuals. Additionally, we identified numerous sex-specific transcription factors and potential neurotoxic chemicals that may be involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Together these results reveal likely molecular drivers of sex differences in the brain of AD patients. Future molecular studies dissecting the functional role of these switch genes in driving sex differences in AD are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Judith A. Potashkin
- Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Department, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Therapeutics, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Judith A. Potashkin,
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Groot C, Holstege H, Ossenkoppele R. Do genetic factors contribute to sex-specific differences in resilience to amyloid pathology? Brain 2022; 145:2239-2241. [PMID: 35726881 PMCID: PMC9337802 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Henne Holstege
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam,
Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration,
Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
- Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging, Human Genetics, Vrije
Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc,
Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Rik Ossenkoppele
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam,
Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration,
Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
- Lund University, Clinical Memory Research Unit,
Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Merchant RA, Aprahamian I, Woo J, Vellas B, Morley JE. Editorial: Resilience And Successful Aging. J Nutr Health Aging 2022; 26:652-656. [PMID: 35842754 PMCID: PMC9209635 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-022-1818-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reshma A Merchant
- Dr Reshma A Merchant, Division of Geriatric Medicine. Department of Medicine, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Singapore 119228. , ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9032-0184
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|