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Xi L, Lu Q, Liu Y, Gong Y, Liu H, Jin J, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Zhu X, Han D, Xie S. Study on Carbohydrate Metabolism in Adult Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:1397508. [PMID: 37901279 PMCID: PMC10611541 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1397508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Excessive carbohydrate intake leads to metabolic disorders in fish. However, few literatures have reported the appropriate carbohydrate level for zebrafish, and the metabolic response to dietary carbohydrate remains largely unknown in zebrafish. This study assessed the responses of zebrafish and zebrafish liver cell line (ZFL) to different carbohydrate levels. In vivo results showed that ≥30% dietary dextrin levels significantly increased the plasma glucose content, activated the expression of hepatic glycolysis-related genes, and inhibited the expression of hepatic gluconeogenesis-related genes in zebrafish. Oil red O staining, triglyceride content, and Hematoxylin-Eosin staining results showed that dietary dextrin levels of ≥30% significantly increased lipid accumulation and liver damage, as well as processes related to glycolipid metabolism and inflammation in zebrafish. In ZFL, the transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c signal intensity, 4,4-difluoro-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY 493/503) signal intensity, and triglyceride content were also significantly increased when incubated in high glucose, along with abnormal glycolipid metabolism and increased inflammation-related genes. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the maximum dietary carbohydrate level in adult zebrafish should be less than 30%. Excess dietary carbohydrates (30%-50%) caused hepatic steatosis and damage to zebrafish, similar to that seen in aquaculture species. Thus, this study assessed responses to different carbohydrate levels in zebrafish and illustrated that zebrafish is an optimal model for investigating glucose metabolism in some aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longwei Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qisheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yulong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yulong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Haokun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Junyan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yunxia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Dong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shouqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Chen J, Xu L, Zhang XQ, Liu X, Zhang ZX, Zhu QM, Liu JY, Iqbal MO, Ding N, Shao CL, Wei MY, Gu YC. Discovery of a natural small-molecule AMP-activated kinase activator that alleviates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 5:196-210. [PMID: 37275542 PMCID: PMC10232707 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-023-00168-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a primary cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Unfortunately, there is no approved drug treatment for NASH. AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) is an important metabolic sensor and whole-body regulator. It has been proposed that AMPK activators could be used for treating metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and NASH. In this study, we screened a marine natural compound library by monitoring AMPK activity and found a potent AMPK activator, candidusin A (CHNQD-0803). Further studies showed that CHNQD-0803 directly binds recombinant AMPK with a KD value of 4.728 × 10-8 M and activates AMPK at both molecular and intracellular levels. We then investigated the roles and mechanisms of CHNQD-0803 in PA-induced fat deposition, LPS-stimulated inflammation, TGF-β-induced fibrosis cell models and the MCD-induced mouse model of NASH. The results showed that CHNQD-0803 inhibited the expression of adipogenesis genes and reduced fat deposition, negatively regulated the NF-κB-TNFα inflammatory axis to suppress inflammation, and ameliorated liver injury and fibrosis. These data indicate that CHNQD-0803 as an AMPK activator is a novel potential therapeutic candidate for NASH treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-023-00168-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237 China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Li Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Xue-Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Xue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237 China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Zi-Xuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Qiu-Mei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237 China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Jian-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Muhammad Omer Iqbal
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237 China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Ning Ding
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Chang-Lun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Mei-Yan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Yu-Chao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237 China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266003 China
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Insights on Dietary Polyphenols as Agents against Metabolic Disorders: Obesity as a Target Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020416. [PMID: 36829976 PMCID: PMC9952395 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a condition that leads to increased health problems associated with metabolic disorders. Synthetic drugs are available for obesity treatment, but some of these compounds have demonstrated considerable side effects that limit their use. Polyphenols are vital phytonutrients of plant origin that can be incorporated as functional food ingredients. This review presents recent developments in dietary polyphenols as anti-obesity agents. Evidence supporting the potential application of food-derived polyphenols as agents against obesity has been summarized. Literature evidence supports the effectiveness of plant polyphenols against obesity. The anti-obesity mechanisms of polyphenols have been explained by their potential to inhibit obesity-related digestive enzymes, modulate neurohormones/peptides involved in food intake, and their ability to improve the growth of beneficial gut microbes while inhibiting the proliferation of pathogenic ones. Metabolism of polyphenols by gut microbes produces different metabolites with enhanced biological properties. Thus, research demonstrates that dietary polyphenols can offer a novel path to developing functional foods for treating obesity. Upcoming investigations need to explore novel techniques, such as nanocarriers, to improve the content of polyphenols in foods and their delivery and bioavailability at the target sites in the body.
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Hashemnia SMR, Meshkani R, Zamani-Garmsiri F, Shabani M, Tajabadi-Ebrahimi M, Ragerdi Kashani I, Siadat SD, Mohassel Azadi S, Emamgholipour S. Amelioration of obesity-induced white adipose tissue inflammation by Bacillus coagulans T4 in a high-fat diet-induced obese murine model. Life Sci 2023; 314:121286. [PMID: 36526049 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Fresh evidence suggests that B. coagulans can be regarded as a promising therapeutic alternative for metabolic disorders. However, the possible effects of this probiotic on obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation are unknown. METHODS C57BL/6j male mice were assigned to a normal-chow diet (NCD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. After this period, HFD-fed mice were randomly divided into two groups; HFD control group and HFD plus B. coagulans T4 (IBRC-N10791) for another 8 weeks. B. coagulans T4 was administrated daily by oral intragastric gavage (1 × 109 colony-forming units). KEY FINDINGS Here, we found that B. coagulans successfully mitigated obesity and related metabolic disorder, as indicated by reduced body weight gain, decreased adiposity, and improved glucose tolerance. B. coagulans T4 administration also inhibited HFD-induced macrophage accumulation in white adipose tissue and switched M1 to M2 macrophages. In parallel, B. coagulans T4 treatment attenuated HFD-induced alteration in mRNA expression of pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines and Tlr4 in white adipose tissue. Moreover, B. coagulans T4 supplementation reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteriodetes ratio and increased the number of Lactobacillus and Faecalibacterium compared to the HFD group. Additionally, a significant increase in propionate and acetate levels in the HFD group was seen following B. coagulans T4 administration. SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, the present study provides evidence that B. coagulans T4 supplementation exerts anti-obesity effects in part through attenuating inflammation in adipose tissue. The present study will have significant implications for obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Zamani-Garmsiri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shabani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Iraj Ragerdi Kashani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Mohassel Azadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solaleh Emamgholipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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A Critical Review on Role of Available Synthetic Drugs and Phytochemicals in Insulin Resistance Treatment by Targeting PTP1B. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:4683-4701. [PMID: 35819691 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition of impaired response of cells towards insulin. It is marked by excessive blood glucose, dysregulated insulin signalling, altered pathways, damaged pancreatic β-cells, metabolic disorders, etc. Chronic hyperglycemic conditions leads to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) which causes excess generation of highly reactive free radicals, causing oxidative stress, further leading to development and progression of complications like vascular dysfunction, damaged cellular proteins, and DNA. One of the causes for IR is dysregulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). Advancements in drug therapeutics have helped people manage IR by regulating PTP1B, however have been reported to cause side effects. Therefore, there is a growing interest on usage of phytochemical constituents having IR therapeutic properties and aiding to minimize these complications. Medicinal plants have not been utilized to their full potential as a therapeutic drug due to lack of knowledge of their active and effective chemical constituents, mode of action, regulation of IR parameters, and dosage of administration. This review highlights phytochemical constituents present in medicinal plants or spices, their potential effectiveness on proteins (PTP1B) regulating IR, and reported possible mechanism of action studied on in vitro models. The study gives current knowledge and future recommendations on the above aspects and is expected to be beneficial in developing herbal drug using these phytochemical constituents, either alone or in combination, for medication of IR and diabetes.
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Ansari P, Akther S, Hannan JMA, Seidel V, Nujat NJ, Abdel-Wahab YHA. Pharmacologically Active Phytomolecules Isolated from Traditional Antidiabetic Plants and Their Therapeutic Role for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134278. [PMID: 35807526 PMCID: PMC9268530 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic complication that affects people of all ages. The increased prevalence of diabetes worldwide has led to the development of several synthetic drugs to tackle this health problem. Such drugs, although effective as antihyperglycemic agents, are accompanied by various side effects, costly, and inaccessible to the majority of people living in underdeveloped countries. Medicinal plants have been used traditionally throughout the ages to treat various ailments due to their availability and safe nature. Medicinal plants are a rich source of phytochemicals that possess several health benefits. As diabetes continues to become prevalent, health care practitioners are considering plant-based medicines as a potential source of antidiabetic drugs due to their high potency and fewer side effects. To better understand the mechanism of action of medicinal plants, their active phytoconstituents are being isolated and investigated thoroughly. In this review article, we have focused on pharmacologically active phytomolecules isolated from medicinal plants presenting antidiabetic activity and the role they play in the treatment and management of diabetes. These natural compounds may represent as good candidates for a novel therapeutic approach and/or effective and alternative therapies for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prawej Ansari
- Department of Pharmacy, Independent University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; (S.A.); (J.M.A.H.); (N.J.N.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +880-1323-879720
| | - Samia Akther
- Department of Pharmacy, Independent University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; (S.A.); (J.M.A.H.); (N.J.N.)
| | - J. M. A. Hannan
- Department of Pharmacy, Independent University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; (S.A.); (J.M.A.H.); (N.J.N.)
| | - Veronique Seidel
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK;
| | - Nusrat Jahan Nujat
- Department of Pharmacy, Independent University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; (S.A.); (J.M.A.H.); (N.J.N.)
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Mugaranja KP, Kulal A. Investigation of effective natural inhibitors for starch hydrolysing enzymes from Simaroubaceae plants by molecular docking analysis and comparison with in-vitro studies. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09360. [PMID: 35600433 PMCID: PMC9118686 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to find the effective natural enzyme inhibitors against alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase from the array of compounds identified in plants of the Simaroubaceae family using molecular docking and ADME/Toxicity studies. Among the 218 compounds docked against seven enzymes, buddlenol-A and citrusin-B showed the best binding energies (kcal/mol) of -7.830 and -7.383 against human salivary alpha-amylase and pancreatic alpha-amylase respectively. The other two compounds 9-hydroxycanthin-6-one and bruceolline-B had the best binding energy of -6.461 and -7.576 against N-terminal and C-terminal maltase glucoamylase respectively. Whereas the binding energy of prosopine (-6.499) and fisetinidol (-7.575) was considered as the best against N-terminal and C-terminal sucrase-isomaltase respectively. Picrasidine-X showed the best binding energy (-7.592) against yeast alpha-glucosidase. The study revealed that the seven compounds which showed the best binding energy against respective enzymes are considered as the ‘lead hit compounds’. Even though the ‘lead hit compounds’ are not obeying all the laws of ADMET, the drug-likeness properties of 9-hydroxycanthin-6-one, fisetinidol, picrasidine-X, and prosopine were considerable. Also, kaempferol-3-O-pentoside was the recent compound identified from the Simarouba glauca plant extract found to be one among the top five lead hit compounds against four enzymes. This study provides valuable insight into the direction of developing natural compounds as potential starch hydrolysing enzyme inhibitors for managing type 2 diabetes.
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Munguía L, Ortiz M, González C, Portilla A, Meaney E, Villarreal F, Nájera N, Ceballos G. Beneficial Effects of Flavonoids on Skeletal Muscle Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Med Food 2022; 25:465-486. [PMID: 35394826 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle (SkM) is a highly dynamic tissue that responds to physiological adaptations or pathological conditions, and SkM mitochondria play a major role in bioenergetics, regulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis, pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance, and apoptosis. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds with the ability to modulate molecular pathways implicated in the development of mitochondrial myopathy. Therefore, it is pertinent to explore its potential application in conditions such as aging, disuse, denervation, diabetes, obesity, and cancer. To evaluate preclinical and clinical effects of flavonoids on SkM structure and function. We performed a systematic review of published studies, with no date restrictions applied, using PubMed and Scopus. The following search terms were used: "flavonoids" OR "flavanols" OR "flavones" OR "anthocyanidins" OR "flavanones" OR "flavan-3-ols" OR "catechins" OR "epicatechin" OR "(-)-epicatechin" AND "skeletal muscle." The studies included in this review were preclinical studies, clinical trials, controlled clinical trials, and randomized-controlled trials that investigated the influence of flavonoids on SkM health. Three authors, independently, assessed trials for the review. Any disagreement was resolved by consensus. The use of flavonoids could be a potential tool for the prevention of muscle loss. Their effects on metabolism and on mitochondria function suggest their use as muscle regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levy Munguía
- Higher School of Medicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
| | - Miguel Ortiz
- Higher School of Medicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
| | - Cristian González
- Higher School of Medicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
| | - Andrés Portilla
- Higher School of Medicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
| | - Eduardo Meaney
- Higher School of Medicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
| | - Francisco Villarreal
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nayelli Nájera
- Higher School of Medicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
| | - Guillermo Ceballos
- Higher School of Medicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
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Biogenic Phytochemicals Modulating Obesity: From Molecular Mechanism to Preventive and Therapeutic Approaches. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6852276. [PMID: 35388304 PMCID: PMC8977300 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6852276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of obesity and over bodyweight is emerging as a major health concern. Obesity is a complex metabolic disease with multiple pathophysiological clinical conditions as comorbidities are associated with obesity such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, sleep apnea, osteoarthritis, some cancers, and inflammation-based clinical conditions. In obese individuals, adipocyte cells increased the expression of leptin, angiotensin, adipocytokines, plasminogen activators, and C-reactive protein. Currently, options for treatment and lifestyle behaviors interventions are limited, and keeping a healthy lifestyle is challenging. Various types of phytochemicals have been investigated for antiobesity potential. Here, we discuss pathophysiology and signaling pathways in obesity, epigenetic regulations, regulatory mechanism, functional ingredients in natural antiobesity products, and therapeutic application of phytochemicals in obesity.
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da Silva HC, Monteiro ADO, Almeida-Neto FWDQ, Marinho EM, Ferreira MKA, Mendes FRDS, Marinho ES, Marinho MM, Bezerra LL, da Rocha MN, de Menezes JESA, Teixeira AMR, da Silva AW, Rebouças EDL, Pinto FDCL, dos Santos HS, Pinheiro Santiago GM. Hypoglycemic and hepatoprotective effects in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) of fisetinidol isolated from Bauhinia pentandra: In vivo and in silico assays. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 41:2274-2288. [PMID: 35067180 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2029771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that has been increasing drastically around the worldwide. It is important to emphasize that although many drugs are commercially available to treat diabetes, many of them have shown a number of adverse effects. Therefore, search for new antidiabetic agents is of great interest, and natural products, especially those obtained from plants sources, may be an alternative to available drugs. This study reports the in vivo and in silico evaluation of the hypoglycemic activity of fisetinidol. The conformational analysis confirmed that the fisetinidol compound possesses two valleys in the potential energy curve, showing a stable conformer on the global minimum of the PES defined by the dihedral angle θ (C6-C7-O-H) at 179.9°, whose energy is equal to zero. In addition, fisetinidol has shown promise in glycemic control and oxidative stress caused by hyperglycemia induced by high sucrose concentration, causing hypoglycemic and hepatoprotective effects in adult zebrafish. ADMET studies showed that fisetinidol has high passive permeability, low clearance and low toxic risk by ingestion, and computational studies demonstrated that fisetinidol complexes in the same region as metformin and α-acarbose, which constitutes a strong indication that fisetinidol has the same inhibitory mechanisms of α-acarbose and metformin.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Emmanuel Silva Marinho
- Science and Technology Center, Chemistry Course, Vale do Acaraú University, Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | - Márcia Machado Marinho
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lucas Lima Bezerra
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Matheus Nunes da Rocha
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Antonio Wlisses da Silva
- Theoretical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Group, FAFIDAM Campus, Ceará State University, Limoeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - Emanuela de Lima Rebouças
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Northeast Biotechnology Network, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Hélcio Silva dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
- Science and Technology Center, Chemistry Course, Vale do Acaraú University, Sobral, CE, Brazil
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Mangiferin Ameliorates HFD-Induced NAFLD through Regulation of the AMPK and NLRP3 Inflammasome Signal Pathways. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:4084566. [PMID: 34734090 PMCID: PMC8560285 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4084566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely related to glycolipid metabolism and liver inflammation. And there is no effective drug approved for its clinical therapy. In this study, we focused on mangiferin (Man) and explored its effects and mechanisms on NAFLD treatment based on the regulation of glycolipid metabolism and anti-inflammatory in vivo and in vitro. The results exhibited that Man can significantly attenuate liver injury, insulin resistance, and glucose tolerance in high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced NAFLD mice and significantly reduce fat accumulation and inflammation in hepatic tissue of NAFLD mice. The transcriptome level RNA-seq analysis showed that the significantly different expression genes between the Man treatment group and the HFD-induced NAFLD model group were mainly related to regulation of energy, metabolism, and inflammation in liver tissue. Furthermore, western blots, real-time PCR, and immunohistochemistry experiments confirmed that Man significantly activated the AMPK signal pathway and inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in NAFLD mice. In in vitro cell experiments, we further confirmed that Man can promote glucose consumption and reduce intracellular triglyceride (TG) accumulation induced by free fatty acids in HepG2 cells and further that it can be blocked by AMPK-specific inhibitors. Western blot results showed that Man upregulated p-AMPKα levels and exhibited a significant AMPK activation effect, which was blocked by compound C. At the same time, Man downregulated the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins and inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, alleviating cell pyroptosis and inflammation effects. These results indicate that Man anti-NAFLD activity is mediated through its regulation of glucolipid metabolism by AMPK activation and its anti-inflammatory effects by NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition. Our study indicates that Man is a promising prodrug for the therapy of NAFLD patients.
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Antiobesity and Antidiabetic Effects of Portulaca oleracea Powder Intake in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese C57BL/6 Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5587848. [PMID: 34257685 PMCID: PMC8257357 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5587848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the hypothesis that Portulaca oleracea L. exerts antiobesity and antidiabetic effects by evaluating blood lipid profiles, blood glucose control factors, protein expression of lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity improvement. Three groups of high-fat diet (HFD) induced obese C57BL/6 mice (n = 8) received treatment with low (5%; HFD + PO5%) or high (10%; HFD + PO10%) concentrations of P. oleracea powder for 12 weeks or no treatment (HFD) and were compared with each other and a fourth control group. Weight gain was reduced by 34% in the HFD + PO10% group compared to the HFD group. Moreover, the perirenal and epididymal fat contents in the HFD + PO10% group were 6.3-fold and 1.5-fold, respectively, lower than those in the HFD group. The atherogenic index (AI) and cardiac risk factor (CRF) results in the P. oleracea-treated groups were significantly lower than those in the HFD group. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels was lower in the HFD + PO10% group than in the HFD group. The protein expression levels of the proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α, glucose transporter (GLUT) 4 and PPAR-γ were upregulated in the HFD + PO10% group compared to the HFD group. However, the protein expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were lower in the P. oleracea-treated groups than in the HFD group. Our results demonstrate that P. oleracea powder could be effectively used to treat and prevent obesity and diabetes-associated diseases through suppression of weight gain and reduction in body fat and blood glucose levels.
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Kashiwada M, Nakaishi S, Usuda A, Miyahara Y, Katsumoto K, Katsura K, Terakado I, Jindo M, Nakajima S, Ogawa S, Sugiyama K, Ochiai W. Analysis of anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of acacia bark-derived proanthocyanidins in type 2 diabetes model KKAy mice. J Nat Med 2021; 75:893-906. [PMID: 34120298 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-021-01537-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The acacia bark extract derived from Acacia mearnsii De Wild is rich in proanthocyanidins, whose constituent units are robinetinidol, fisetinidol, catechin, and gallocatechin. In this study, we examined the effect of proanthocyanidins on obesity and diabetes using KKAy mice, a type 2 diabetes model. KKAy mice were fed either a low-fat diet, a high-fat diet, or a high-fat diet mixed with an acacia bark extract, a proanthocyanidins fraction, and other fraction for 7 weeks. Monitoring the changes in the body weight revealed that acacia bark extract and proanthocyanidins fraction could prevent excessive weight gain resulting from a high-fat diet. In addition, increases in the fasting blood glucose level due to high-fat diet intake were found to be suppressed by acacia bark extract and proanthocyanidins fraction. Furthermore, proanthocyanidins derived from acacia bark were found to increase the expression of adiponectin in white adipose tissue, which enhances the action of insulin. In addition, acacia bark-derived proanthocyanidins suppressed gluconeogenesis and fatty acid synthesis in the liver, as well as suppressing the decrease in energy production under pathological conditions in skeletal muscle. In addition, acacia bark-derived proanthocyanidins showed AMPK activation and DPP-4 inhibitory action. Therefore, it was suggested that acacia bark-derived proanthocyanidins lowered fasting blood glucose levels through the above mechanism. These results suggest that proanthocyanidins derived from acacia bark are the active ingredients of the anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of acacia bark extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Kashiwada
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Saho Nakaishi
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Ayumi Usuda
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yumi Miyahara
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Kenta Katsumoto
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Kyoko Katsura
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Izumi Terakado
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Makiko Jindo
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Shihori Nakajima
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Sosuke Ogawa
- Acacia-No-Ki Co., Ltd., 4291-1, Miyauchi, Hatsukaichi-shi, Hiroshima, 738-0034, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Sugiyama
- Department of Functional Molecule Kinetics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Wataru Ochiai
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
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Tripathy B, Sahoo N, Sahoo SK. Trends in diabetes care with special emphasis to medicinal plants: Advancement and treatment. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:102014. [PMID: 35342487 PMCID: PMC8941016 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disorder prevailing throughout the world. It may affect a child to an older person depending upon the physiology and the factors influencing the internal metabolic system of the body. Several treatments are available in the market ranges from synthetic drugs, insulin therapy, herbal drugs, and transdermal patches. Interestingly, the development of technologies and digital health have proving very helpful in improving the lifestyle of diabetic patients. All treatment approaches have their own advantages and disadvantages in the form of effectiveness and side effects. Medicinal plants have a long history of traditional application in the treatment of diabetes and even the use of plants are growing day-by-day due to the significant results against diseases and fewer side effects as compared to other treatment therapies. The intention behind writing this review is to gather all information and discussed them exhaustively in an article. The novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected my lives including diabetic patients. The antidiabetic treatment strategies during this period has also discussed. In this article, we highlighted the molecular mechanism and herbal phytoconstituents that are responsible for lowering blood glucose level. The factors responsible for the progression of metabolic disorders can be controlled with the use of phytoconstituents present in herbal plants to maintain β-cells performance and restore blood glucose level. It can be concluded that medicinal plants are effective and affordable with lesser side effects for treating DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nityananda Sahoo
- Centurion University of Technology & Management, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Sahoo
- Royal College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Berhampur, Odisha, 759024, India
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Lactobacillus fermentum SMFM2017-NK4 Isolated from Kimchi Can Prevent Obesity by Inhibiting Fat Accumulation. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040772. [PMID: 33916566 PMCID: PMC8066894 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the anti-obesity effects of lactic acid bacteria. Thirty-one lactic acid bacteria were examined in vitro for their ability to inhibit α-glucosidase activity, lipase activity, and 3T3-L1 cell differentiation. Four selected lactic acid bacteria were administered to obese C57BL/6J mice models for 8 weeks. The degree of improvement in obesity was determined by weight gain and serum biochemical analysis. The expression levels of genes (Fas and Cpt-2) related to obesity in the liver were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR. In addition, antioxidant protein levels (SOD-2, CAT, and GPx-1) in the liver were evaluated. The lactic acid bacteria-treated groups (PPGK1, LFNK3, LPNK2, and LFNK4) showed lower weight increase rate than the control group. The total cholesterol (T-chol), triglyceride (TG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in the blood serum of the LFNK4 group were the lowest among other groups, compared to the control group. The expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes (Fas and Cpt-2) in the liver of the LFNK4 group were lower in Fas and higher in Cpt-2 than in the control group. The antioxidant protein expression levels (SOD-2, CAT, and GPx-1) in the liver tissue were also higher in the LFNK4 group. These results indicate that L. fermentum SMFM2017-NK4 has anti-obesity effects.
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Effects of 22 traditional anti-diabetic medicinal plants on DPP-IV enzyme activity and glucose homeostasis in high-fat fed obese diabetic rats. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227539. [PMID: 33416077 PMCID: PMC7823188 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20203824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of hot water extracts of 22 medicinal plants used traditionally to treat diabetes on Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) activity both in vitro and in vivo in high-fat fed (HFF) obese-diabetic rats. Fluorometric assay was employed to determine the DPP-IV activity. For in vivo studies, HFF obese-diabetic rats were fasted for 6 h and blood was sampled at different times before and after the oral administration of the glucose alone (18 mmol/kg body weight) or with either of the four most active plant extracts (250 mg/5 ml/kg, body weight) or established DPP-IV inhibitors (10 μmol/5 ml/kg). DPP-IV inhibitors: sitagliptin, vildagliptin and diprotin A, decreased enzyme activity by a maximum of 95-99% (P<0.001). Among the 22 natural anti-diabetic plants tested, AnogeissusLatifolia exhibited the most significant (P<0.001) inhibitory activity (96 ± 1%) with IC50 and IC25 values of 754 and 590 μg/ml. Maximum inhibitory effects of other extracts: Aegle marmelos, Mangifera indica, Chloropsis cochinchinensis, Trigonella foenum-graecum and Azadirachta indica were (44 ±7%; 38 ± 4%; 31±1%; 28±2%; 27±2%, respectively). A maximum of 45% inhibition was observed with >25 μM concentrations of selected phytochemicals (rutin). A.latifolia, A. marmelos, T. foenum-graecum and M. indica extracts improved glucose tolerance, insulin release, reduced DPP-IV activity and increased circulating active GLP-1 in HFF obese-diabetic rats (P<0.05-0.001). These results suggest that ingestion of selected natural anti-diabetic plants, in particular A. latifolia, A. marmelos, T. foenum-graecum and M. indica can substantially inhibit DPP-IV and improve glucose homeostasis, thereby providing a useful therapeutic approach for the treatment of T2DM.
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Ikarashi N, Fujitate N, Togashi T, Takayama N, Fukuda N, Kon R, Sakai H, Kamei J, Sugiyama K. Acacia Polyphenol Ameliorates Atopic Dermatitis in Trimellitic Anhydride-Induced Model Mice via Changes in the Gut Microbiota. Foods 2020; 9:foods9060773. [PMID: 32545274 PMCID: PMC7353469 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that acacia polyphenol (AP), which was extracted from the bark of Acacia mearnsii De Wild, exerts antiobesity, antidiabetic, and antihypertensive effects. In this study, we examined the effect of AP on atopic dermatitis. Trimellitic anhydride (TMA) was applied to the ears of mice to create model mice with atopic dermatitis. The frequency of scratching behavior in the TMA-treated group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the expression levels of inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2) in the skin also increased. In contrast, both the frequency of scratching behavior and the expression levels of skin inflammatory markers in the AP-treated group were significantly lower than those in the TMA-treated group. The abundances of beneficial bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp., increased in the AP-treated group compared with the TMA-treated group. Furthermore, the abundances of Bacteroides fragilis and Clostridium coccoides in the gut, which are known for anti-inflammatory properties, increased significantly with AP administration. The present results revealed that AP inhibits TMA-induced atopic dermatitis-like symptoms. In addition, the results also suggested that this effect may be associated with the mechanism of gut microbiota improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (N.F.); (T.T.); (N.T.); (N.F.); (R.K.); (H.S.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: (N.I.); (K.S.); Tel.: +81-3-5498-5918 (N.I.)
| | - Natsumi Fujitate
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (N.F.); (T.T.); (N.T.); (N.F.); (R.K.); (H.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Takumi Togashi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (N.F.); (T.T.); (N.T.); (N.F.); (R.K.); (H.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Naoya Takayama
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (N.F.); (T.T.); (N.T.); (N.F.); (R.K.); (H.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Natsuko Fukuda
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (N.F.); (T.T.); (N.T.); (N.F.); (R.K.); (H.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Risako Kon
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (N.F.); (T.T.); (N.T.); (N.F.); (R.K.); (H.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (N.F.); (T.T.); (N.T.); (N.F.); (R.K.); (H.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Junzo Kamei
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (N.F.); (T.T.); (N.T.); (N.F.); (R.K.); (H.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Kiyoshi Sugiyama
- Department of Functional Molecular Kinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
- Correspondence: (N.I.); (K.S.); Tel.: +81-3-5498-5918 (N.I.)
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Nyakudya TT, Tshabalala T, Dangarembizi R, Erlwanger KH, Ndhlala AR. The Potential Therapeutic Value of Medicinal Plants in the Management of Metabolic Disorders. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112669. [PMID: 32526850 PMCID: PMC7321241 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a prevalent, multifactorial and complex disease that is associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes and other major cardiovascular complications. The rise in the global prevalence of MetS has been attributed to genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. The adoption of sedentary lifestyles that are characterized by low physical activity and the consumption of high-energy diets contributes to MetS development. Current management criteria for MetS risk factors involve changes in lifestyle and the use of pharmacological agents that target specific biochemical pathways involved in the metabolism of nutrients. Pharmaceutical drugs are usually expensive and are associated with several undesirable side effects. Alternative management strategies of MetS risk factors involve the use of medicinal plants that are considered to have multiple therapeutic targets and are easily accessible. Medicinal plants contain several different biologically active compounds that provide health benefits. The impact of phytochemicals present in local medicinal plants on sustainable health and well-being of individuals has been studied for many years and found to involve a plethora of complex biochemical, metabolic, and physiological mechanisms. While some of these phytochemicals are the basis of mainstream prescribed drugs (e.g., metformin, reserpine, quinine, and salicin), there is a need to identify more medicinal plants that can be used for the management of components of MetS and to describe their possible mechanisms of action. In this review, we assess the potential health benefits of South African ethnomedicinal plants in protecting against the development of health outcomes associated with MetS. We aim to provide the state of the current knowledge on the use of medicinal plants and their therapeutically important phytochemicals by discussing the current trends, with critical examples from recent primary references of how medicinal plants are being used in South African rural and urban communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor T. Nyakudya
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
| | - Thulani Tshabalala
- Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Vegetable and Ornamental Plants, Private Bag X923, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Rachael Dangarembizi
- Department of Human Biology Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Physiological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
| | - Kennedy H. Erlwanger
- School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa;
| | - Ashwell R. Ndhlala
- Green Technologies Research Centre of Excellence, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +27-15-268-2190
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Sun C, Zhao C, Guven EC, Paoli P, Simal‐Gandara J, Ramkumar KM, Wang S, Buleu F, Pah A, Turi V, Damian G, Dragan S, Tomas M, Khan W, Wang M, Delmas D, Portillo MP, Dar P, Chen L, Xiao J. Dietary polyphenols as antidiabetic agents: Advances and opportunities. FOOD FRONTIERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chongde Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Food Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macau China
| | - Esra Capanoglu Guven
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering İstanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Paolo Paoli
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental, and Clinical Sciences University of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Jesus Simal‐Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science Faculty of Food Science and Technology University of Vigo ‐ Ourense Campus Ourense Spain
| | - Kunka Mohanram Ramkumar
- Life Science Division SRM Research Institute SRM University Kattankulathur India
- Department of Biotechnology School of Bio‐engineering SRM University Kattankulathur India
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macau China
| | - Florina Buleu
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research & Department of Cardiology University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes Timisoara Romania
| | - Ana Pah
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research & Department of Cardiology University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes Timisoara Romania
| | - Vladiana Turi
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research & Department of Cardiology University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes Timisoara Romania
| | - Georgiana Damian
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research & Department of Cardiology University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes Timisoara Romania
| | - Simona Dragan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research & Department of Cardiology University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes Timisoara Romania
| | - Merve Tomas
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Food Engineering Department Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Washim Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research School of Pharmacy The University of Mississippi, University Mississippi
| | - Mingfu Wang
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong
| | - Dominique Delmas
- INSERM U866 Research Center Université de Bourgogne Franche‐Comté Dijon France
- INSERM Research Center U1231 – Cancer and Adaptive Immune Response Team Bioactive Molecules and Health Research Group Dijon France
- Centre Anticancéreux Georges François Leclerc Center Dijon France
| | - Maria Puy Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group Department of Nutrition and Food Science Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute University of País Vasco (UPV/EHU) Vitoria‐Gasteiz Spain
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII) Vitoria‐Gasteiz Spain
| | - Parsa Dar
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macau China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Food Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macau China
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Yada K, Roberts LA, Oginome N, Suzuki K. Effect of Acacia Polyphenol Supplementation on Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress in Mice Liver and Skeletal Muscle. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 9:antiox9010029. [PMID: 31905679 PMCID: PMC7022702 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acacia polyphenol (AP) supplementation on exercise-induced oxidative stress in mouse liver and skeletal muscle. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), liver and skeletal muscle levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), and levels of skeletal muscle protein carbonyls increased immediately after exhaustive exercise. Exhaustive exercise also decreased liver glutathione (GSH). These results suggest that the exhaustive exercise used in this study induced tissue damage and oxidative stress. Contrary to our expectations, AP supplementation increased plasma AST and alanine aminotransferase activities, liver levels of TBARS, and protein carbonyls. Furthermore, AP supplementation decreased glutathione and glutathione peroxidase activity in the liver. On the other hand, AP supplementation decreased TBARS levels in skeletal muscle. These results suggest that oral high-dose AP administration decreased oxidative stress in skeletal muscle but induced oxidative stress in the liver and increased hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Yada
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan;
| | - Llion Arwyn Roberts
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia;
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Natsumi Oginome
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan;
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-4-2947-6898
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21
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Toyoda T, Kamei A, Ishijima T, Abe K, Okada S. A maple syrup extract alters lipid metabolism in obese type 2 diabetic model mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:84. [PMID: 31827572 PMCID: PMC6894227 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Some polyphenols are known to improve the symptoms of diabetes. In the present study, we investigated the effects of a polyphenol-rich extract of maple syrup (MSx) on a diabetic mouse model. Methods KK-A y mice were fed a normal or 0.05% MSx-supplemented diet for 42 days. Body weight, food intake, serum biochemical parameters, and fecal total bile acid were measured. Gene expression of liver and epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) and cecal microbiota were analyzed. Data were analyzed with an unpaired two-tailed Student's t test or Welch's t test according to the results of the F test. Results Serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly reduced in mice that consumed MSx. Hepatic genes related to fatty acid degradation and cholesterol catabolism were upregulated in mice that consumed MSx. In contrast, the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in WAT was unaffected by the intake of MSx. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of total bile acid level in the feces and the relative abundance of bacteria in the cecum. Conclusion Our results primarily indicate that MSx can help alleviate one of the symptoms of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsudoi Toyoda
- 1Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Asuka Kamei
- Group for Food Functionality Assessment, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821 Japan
| | - Tomoko Ishijima
- 1Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Keiko Abe
- 1Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan.,Group for Food Functionality Assessment, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821 Japan
| | - Shinji Okada
- 1Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
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22
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Han J, He Y, Zhao H, Xu X. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 promotes liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by activating PTEN/p65 signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:14735-14744. [PMID: 31009107 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major contributor to the development of steatohepatitis and fibrosis from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hypoxia aggravates progression of NAFLD. In mice on high-fat diet (HFD), hepatic steatosis leads to liver tissue hypoxia, evidenced by accumulation of hypoxia inducible factor-1-alpha (HIF-1α), which is a central regulator of the global response to hypoxia. Hepatocyte cell signaling is an important factor in hepatic fibrogenesis. We here hypothesize that HIF-1α knockout in hepatocyte may protect against liver fibrosis. We first found that HFD led to 80% more hepatic collagen deposition than Hif1a-/- hep mice, which was confirmed by a-SMA staining of liver tissue. Body weight and liver weight were similar between groups. We then found the increasing HIF1a expression and decreasing PTEN expression in the mice on HFD and in PA-treated HepG2 cells. Finally, we found that HIF1 mediated PTEN/nfkb-p65 pathway plays an important role in the development of NAFLD to liver fibrosis. Collectively, these results identify a novel HIF1a/PTEN/NF-κ Bp65 signaling pathway in NAFLD, which could be targeted for the therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Qingdao Haici Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yaping He
- Department of Emergency, Qingdao Haici Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Qingdao Haici Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Qingdao Haici Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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23
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Ghalem M, Murtaza B, Belarbi M, Akhtar Khan N, Hichami A. Antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities of a polyphenol‐rich extract from
Zizyphus lotus
L fruit pulp play a protective role against obesity. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Ghalem
- Physiologie de la Nutrition & Toxicologie (NUTox), UMR INSERM U1231 Lipides Université de Bourgogne Franche‐Comté Dijon France
- Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles et Bioactives (LASNABIO) University of Abou‐Bekr Belkaid Tlemcen Algeria
| | - Babar Murtaza
- Physiologie de la Nutrition & Toxicologie (NUTox), UMR INSERM U1231 Lipides Université de Bourgogne Franche‐Comté Dijon France
| | - Meriem Belarbi
- Laboratory of Natural Products University of Abou‐Bekr Belkaid Tlemcen Algeria
| | - Naim Akhtar Khan
- Physiologie de la Nutrition & Toxicologie (NUTox), UMR INSERM U1231 Lipides Université de Bourgogne Franche‐Comté Dijon France
| | - Aziz Hichami
- Physiologie de la Nutrition & Toxicologie (NUTox), UMR INSERM U1231 Lipides Université de Bourgogne Franche‐Comté Dijon France
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24
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Pellizzon MA, Ricci MR. Effects of Rodent Diet Choice and Fiber Type on Data Interpretation of Gut Microbiome and Metabolic Disease Research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 77:e55. [PMID: 30028909 DOI: 10.1002/cptx.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Poor diet reporting and improperly controlling laboratory animal diet continues to reduce our ability to interpret data effectively in animal studies. In order to make the best use of our resources and improve research transparency, proper reporting methods that include a diet design are essential to improving our understanding of the links between gut health and metabolic disease onset. This unit will focus on the importance of diet choice in laboratory animal studies, specifically as it relates to gut health, microbiome, and metabolic disease development. The two most commonly used diet types, grain-based (GB) diets, and purified ingredient diets, will each be described, with particular emphasis on their differences in dietary fiber. A further description of how these diet types and fiber can affect gut morphology and microbiota will be provided as well as how purified ingredient diets may be improved upon. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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25
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Wang X, Du H, Shao S, Bo T, Yu C, Chen W, Zhao L, Li Q, Wang L, Liu X, Su X, Sun M, Song Y, Gao L, Zhao J. Cyclophilin D deficiency attenuates mitochondrial perturbation and ameliorates hepatic steatosis. Hepatology 2018; 68:62-77. [PMID: 29356058 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Physiological opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) is indispensable for maintaining mitochondrial function and cell homeostasis, but the role of the mPTP and its initial factor, cyclophilin D (CypD), in hepatic steatosis is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that excess mPTP opening is mediated by an increase of CypD expression induced hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction. Notably, such mitochondrial perturbation occurred before detectable triglyceride accumulation in the liver of high-fat diet-fed mice. Moreover, either genetic knockout or pharmacological inhibition of CypD could ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction, including excess mPTP opening and stress, and down-regulate the transcription of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, a key factor of lipogenesis. In contrast, the hepatic steatosis in adenoviral overexpression of CypD-infected mice was aggravated relative to the control group. Blocking p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase or liver-specific Ire1α knockout could resist CypD-induced sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c expression and steatosis. Importantly, CypD inhibitor applied prior to or after the onset of triglyceride deposition substantially prevented or ameliorated fatty liver. CONCLUSION CypD stimulates mPTP excessive opening, subsequently causing endoplasmic reticulum stress through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, and results in enhanced sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c transcription and hepatic steatosis. (Hepatology 2018;68:62-77).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Heng Du
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX
| | - Shanshan Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Bo
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunxiao Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lifang Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qiu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology and the Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohui Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Mingqi Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yongfeng Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
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26
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Ogawa S, Yazaki Y. Tannins from Acacia mearnsii De Wild. Bark: Tannin Determination and Biological Activities. Molecules 2018; 23:E837. [PMID: 29621196 PMCID: PMC6017853 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The bark of Acacia mearnsii De Wild. (black wattle) contains significant amounts of water-soluble components acalled "wattle tannin". Following the discovery of its strong antioxidant activity, a wattle tannin dietary supplement has been developed and as part of developing new dietary supplements, a literature search was conducted using the SciFinder data base for "Acacia species and their biological activities". An analysis of the references found indicated that the name of Acacia nilotica had been changed to Vachellia nilotica, even though the name of the genus Acacia originated from its original name. This review briefly describes why and how the name of A. nilotica changed. Tannin has been analyzed using the Stiasny method when the tannin is used to make adhesives and the hide-powder method is used when the tannin is to be used for leather tanning. A simple UV method is also able to be used to estimate the values for both adhesives and leather tanning applications. The tannin content in bark can also be estimated using NIR and NMR. Tannin content estimations using pyrolysis/GC, electrospray mass spectrometry and quantitative 31P-NMR analyses have also been described. Tannins consists mostly of polyflavanoids and all the compounds isolated have been updated. Antioxidant activities of the tannin relating to anti-tumor properties, the viability of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and also anti-hypertensive effects have been studied. The antioxidant activity of proanthocyanidins was found to be higher than that of flavan-3-ol monomers. A total of fourteen papers and two patents reported the antimicrobial activities of wattle tannin. Bacteria were more susceptible to the tannins than the fungal strains tested. Several bacteria were inhibited by the extract from A. mearnsii bark. The growth inhibition mechanisms of E. coli were investigated. An interaction between extracts from A. mearnsii bark and antibiotics has also been studied. The extracts from A. mearnsii bark inhibit the growth of cyanobacteria. Wattle tannin has the ability to inactivate α-amylase, lipase and glucosidase. In vivo experiments on anti-obesity and anti-diabetes were also reported. Several patents relating to these enzymes for anti-diabetes and anti-obesity are in the literature. In addition, studies on Acacia bark extract regarding its antitermite activities, inhibition of itching in atopic dermatitis and anti-inflammatory effects have also been reported. The growth of bacteria was inhibited by the extract from A. mearnsii bark, and typical intestinal bacteria such as E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. vulgaris and S. marcescenes was also inhibited in vitro by extracts. Based on these results, the Acacia bark extract may inhibit not only the growth of these typical intestinal bacteria but also the growth of other types of intestinal bacteria such as Clostridium and Bacteroides, a so-called "bad bacteria". If the tannin extract from A. mearnsii bark inhibits growth of these "bad bacteria" in vivo evaluation, the extracts might be usable as a new dietary supplement, which could control the human intestinal microbiome to keep the body healthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sosuke Ogawa
- Mimozax Co., Ltd., 4291-1, Miyauchi, Hatsukaichi-shi, Hiroshima 738-0034, Japan.
| | - Yoshikazu Yazaki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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27
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Chung APYS, Gurtu S, Chakravarthi S, Moorthy M, Palanisamy UD. Geraniin Protects High-Fat Diet-Induced Oxidative Stress in Sprague Dawley Rats. Front Nutr 2018; 5:17. [PMID: 29616223 PMCID: PMC5864930 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Geraniin, a hydrolysable polyphenol derived from Nephelium lappaceum L. fruit rind, has been shown to possess significant antioxidant activity in vitro and recently been recognized for its therapeutic potential in metabolic syndrome. This study investigated its antioxidative strength and protective effects on organs in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced rodents. Rats were fed HFD for 6 weeks to induce obesity, followed by 10 and 50 mg/kg of geraniin supplementation for 4 weeks to assess its protective potential. The control groups were maintained on standard rat chows and HFD for the same period. At the 10th week, oxidative status was assessed and the pancreas, liver, heart and aorta, kidney, and brain of the Sprague Dawley rats were harvested and subjected to pathological studies. HFD rats demonstrated changes in redox balance; increased protein carbonyl content, decreased levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase with a reduction in the non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms and total antioxidant capacity, indicating a higher oxidative stress (OS) index. In addition, HFD rats demonstrated significant diet-induced changes particularly in the pancreas. Four-week oral geraniin supplementation, restored the OS observed in the HFD rats. It was able to restore OS biomarkers, serum antioxidants, and the glutathione redox balance (reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio) to levels comparable with that of the control group, particularly at dosage of 50 mg geraniin. Geraniin was not toxic to the HFD rats but exhibited protection against glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity particularly in the pancreas of the obese rodents. It is suggested that geraniin has the pharmaceutical potential to be developed as a supplement to primary drugs in the treatment of obesity and its pathophysiological sequels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Panny Y S Chung
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Sunway City, Malaysia
| | - Sunil Gurtu
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Sunway City, Malaysia
| | | | - Mohanambal Moorthy
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Sunway City, Malaysia
| | - Uma D Palanisamy
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Sunway City, Malaysia
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28
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Ikarashi N, Toda T, Hatakeyama Y, Kusunoki Y, Kon R, Mizukami N, Kaneko M, Ogawa S, Sugiyama K. Anti-Hypertensive Effects of Acacia Polyphenol in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030700. [PMID: 29494506 PMCID: PMC5877561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that acacia polyphenol (AP) exerts strong anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and anti-atopic dermatitis effects. In the present study, we investigated the anti-hypertensive effects of AP. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with hypertension and control Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were used. WKY and SHR were fed AP-containing food or AP-free food (control group) ad libitum for 4 weeks, and their blood pressures were measured. After AP administration, both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly lower in the SHR group than in the control group. There were no differences in the systolic or diastolic blood pressure of WKY between the AP group and the control group. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase expression, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in SHR kidneys were not altered by AP administration. Blood SOD activity in SHR was significantly higher in the AP group than in the control group. AP exerts anti-hypertensive effects on hypertension but has almost no effect on normal blood pressure. The anti-hypertensive effects of AP may be related to the anti-oxidative effects of increased blood SOD activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Toda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Hatakeyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Kusunoki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Risako Kon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Nanaho Mizukami
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Miho Kaneko
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Sosuke Ogawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Kiyoshi Sugiyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
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29
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Farzaei F, Morovati MR, Farjadmand F, Farzaei MH. A Mechanistic Review on Medicinal Plants Used for Diabetes Mellitus in Traditional Persian Medicine. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2017; 22:944-955. [PMID: 29228789 PMCID: PMC5871259 DOI: 10.1177/2156587216686461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disorder and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Traditional medicines worldwide suggest a wide range of natural remedies for the prevention and treatment of chronic disorders, including diabetes mellitus. This mechanistic review aims to highlight the significance of medicinal plants traditionally used as dietary supplements in Persian medicine in adjunct with restricted conventional drugs for the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus. Mounting evidence suggests that these natural agents perform their protective and therapeutic effect on diabetes mellitus via several cellular mechanisms, including regeneration of pancreatic β cell, limitation of glycogen degradation and gluconeogenesis, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, antiapoptosis, antioxidative stress, as well as modulation of intracellular signaling transduction pathways. In conclusion, traditional medicinal plants used in Persian medicine can be considered as dietary supplements with therapeutic potential for diabetes mellitus and maybe potential sources of new orally active agent(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | | | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Kermanshah, Iran
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30
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Rigano D, Sirignano C, Taglialatela-Scafati O. The potential of natural products for targeting PPAR α. Acta Pharm Sin B 2017; 7:427-438. [PMID: 28752027 PMCID: PMC5518659 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) α, -γ and -β/δ are ligand-activated transcription factors and members of the superfamily of nuclear hormone receptor. These receptors play key roles in maintaining glucose and lipid homeostasis by modulating gene expression. PPARs constitute a recognized druggable target and indeed several classes of drugs used in the treatment of metabolic disease symptoms, such as dyslipidemia (fibrates, e.g. fenofibrate and gemfibrozil) and diabetes (thiazolidinediones, e.g. rosiglitazone and pioglitazone) are ligands for the various PPAR isoforms. More precisely, antidiabetic thiazolidinediones act on PPARγ, while PPARα is the main molecular target of antidyslipidemic fibrates. Over the past few years, our understanding of the mechanism underlying the PPAR modulation of gene expression has greatly increased. This review presents a survey on terrestrial and marine natural products modulating the PPARα system with the objective of highlighting how the incredible chemodiversity of natural products can provide innovative leads for this "hot" target.
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31
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de Freitas Junior LM, de Almeida Jr EB. Medicinal plants for the treatment of obesity: ethnopharmacological approach and chemical and biological studies. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:2050-2064. [PMID: 28559960 PMCID: PMC5446492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic that has shown a steady increase in morbimortality indicators; it is considered a social problem and entails serious health risks. One of the alternatives in the treatment of obesity is the traditional use of medicinal plants, which supports the research and development of obesity phytotherapy. In this article, we provide information about ethnopharmacological species used to treat obesity, through an electronic search of the periodical databases Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and Scielo, considering the period 1996-2015 and using the descriptors "plants for obesity", "ethnopharmacology for obesity" and "anti-obesity plants" in both Portuguese and English. We analyzed and organized data on 76 plant species, cataloged per the taxonomy, geographic distribution, botanical aspects, popular use, and chemical and biological studies of the listed plants. The anti-obesity effect of the cataloged species was reported, describing actions on the delay of fat absorption, suppression of enzymatic activities, mediation of lipid levels and increase of lipolytic effects, attributed mainly to phenolic compounds. Given these findings, ethnopharmacological approaches are relevant scientific tools in the selection of plant species for studies that demonstrate anti-obesity action. Deeper botanical, chemical, pre-clinical and clinical studies are particularly necessary for species that present phenolic compounds in their chemical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Mamede de Freitas Junior
- Federal University of Maranhao, Biological and Health Sciences CenterAv. dos Portugueses, 1966, Campus do Bacanga, CEP 65085-580, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Eduardo B de Almeida Jr
- Laboratory of Botanical Studies, Biological and Health Sciences CenterAv. dos Portugueses, 1966, Campus do Bacanga, CEP 65085-580, São Luís, MA, Brazil
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32
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Kon K, Ikejima K, Morinaga M, Kusama H, Arai K, Aoyama T, Uchiyama A, Yamashina S, Watanabe S. L-carnitine prevents metabolic steatohepatitis in obese diabetic KK-A y mice. Hepatol Res 2017; 47:E44-E54. [PMID: 27062266 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Pharmacological treatment for metabolic syndrome-related non-alcoholic steatohepatitis has not been established. We investigated the effect of L-carnitine, an essential substance for β-oxidation, on metabolic steatohepatitis in mice. METHODS Male KK-Ay mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks, with supplementation of L-carnitine (1.25 mg/mL) in drinking water for the latter 4 weeks. RESULTS Serum total carnitine levels were decreased following HFD feeding, whereas the levels were reversed almost completely by L-carnitine supplementation. In mice given L-carnitine, exacerbation of hepatic steatosis and hepatocyte apoptosis was markedly prevented even though HFD feeding was continued. Body weight gain, as well as hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia, following HFD feeding were also significantly prevented in mice given L-carnitine. High-fat diet feeding elevated hepatic expression levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A mRNA; however, production of β-hydroxybutyrate in the liver was not affected by HFD alone. In contrast, L-carnitine treatment significantly increased hepatic β-hydroxybutyrate contents in HFD-fed mice. L-carnitine also blunted HFD induction in sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c mRNA in the liver. Furthermore, L-carnitine inhibited HFD-induced serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 in the liver. L-carnitine decreased hepatic free fatty acid content in 1 week, with morphological improvement of swollen mitochondria in hepatocytes, and increases in hepatic adenosine 5'-triphosphate content. CONCLUSIONS L-carnitine ameliorates steatohepatitis in KK-Ay mice fed an HFD, most likely through facilitating mitochondrial β-oxidation, normalizing insulin signals, and inhibiting de novo lipogenesis in the liver. It is therefore postulated that supplementation of L-carnitine is a promising approach for prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome-related non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Kon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ikejima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Morinaga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kusama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Arai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Aoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Uchiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunhei Yamashina
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumio Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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The Combination of Blueberry Juice and Probiotics Ameliorate Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) by Affecting SREBP-1c/PNPLA-3 Pathway via PPAR-α. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030198. [PMID: 28264426 PMCID: PMC5372861 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is liver inflammation and a major threat to public health. Several pharmaceutical agents have been used for NASH therapy but their high-rate side effects limit the use. Blueberry juice and probiotics (BP) have anti-inflammation and antibacterial properties, and may be potential candidates for NASH therapy. To understand the molecular mechanism, Sprague Dawley rats were used to create NASH models and received different treatments. Liver tissues were examined using HE (hematoxylin and eosin) and ORO (Oil Red O) stain, and serum biochemical indices were measured. The levels of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR)-α, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA-3), inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis biomarkers in liver tissues were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot. HE and ORO analysis indicated that the hepatocytes were seriously damaged with more and larger lipid droplets in NASH models while BP reduced the number and size of lipid droplets (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, BP increased the levels of SOD (superoxide dismutase), GSH (reduced glutathione) and HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), and reduced the levels of AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase), TG (triglycerides), LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and MDA (malondialdehyde) in NASH models (p < 0.05). BP increased the level of PPAR-α (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α), and reduced the levels of SREBP-1c (sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c) and PNPLA-3 (Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3) (p < 0.05). BP reduced hepatic inflammation and apoptosis by affecting IL-6 (interleukin 6), TNF-α (Tumor necrosis factor α), caspase-3 and Bcl-2 in NASH models. Furthermore, PPAR-α inhibitor increased the level of SREBP-1c and PNPLA-3. Therefore, BP prevents NASH progression by affecting SREBP-1c/PNPLA-3 pathway via PPAR-α.
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Chronic administration of grape-seed polyphenols attenuates the development of hypertension and improves other cardiometabolic risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome in cafeteria diet-fed rats. Br J Nutr 2017; 117:200-208. [PMID: 28162106 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516004426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The effects of grape-seed polyphenols against the development of hypertension and other cardiometabolic conditions associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) were studied in rats fed a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet, known as the cafeteria (CAF) diet. Two groups of Wistar rats were fed standard (STD) or CAF diets for 12 weeks. The CAF diet-fed rats were administered different doses of a low-molecular-weight grape-seed polyphenol extract (LM-GSPE) (25, 100 and 200 mg/kg per d) or vehicle daily, and the STD diet-fed rats were administered LM-GSPE (100 mg/kg per d) or vehicle using ten animals per group. Body weight (BW), waist perimeter (WP) and systolic and diastolic blood pressures (BP) by the tail-cuff method were recorded weekly. The animals were housed in metabolic chambers every 2 weeks to estimate daily food and liquid intakes and to collect faeces and urine samples. The plasma lipid profile was analysed at time 0 and on the 4th, 7th, 10th and 12th weeks of the experiment. Moreover, plasma leptin was measured at the end of the experiment. Results demonstrated that LM-GSPE, when administered with the CAF diet, attenuated the increase in BP, BW, WP and improved lipid metabolism in these animals. However, although the 25- and 100-mg/kg per d doses were sufficient to produce beneficial effects on BP and lipid metabolism, a 200-mg/kg per d dose was necessary to have an effect on BW and WP. The present findings suggest that LM-GSPE is a good candidate for a BP-lowering agent that can also ameliorate other conditions associated with the MetS.
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Ikarashi N, Ogawa S, Hirobe R, Kon R, Kusunoki Y, Yamashita M, Mizukami N, Kaneko M, Wakui N, Machida Y, Sugiyama K. Epigallocatechin gallate induces a hepatospecific decrease in the CYP3A expression level by altering intestinal flora. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 100:211-218. [PMID: 28115221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In previous studies, we showed that a high-dose intake of green tea polyphenol (GP) induced a hepatospecific decrease in the expression and activity of the drug-metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A). In this study, we examined whether this decrease in CYP3A expression is induced by epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), which is the main component of GP. After a diet containing 1.5% EGCG was given to mice, the hepatic CYP3A expression was measured. The level of intestinal bacteria of Clostridium spp., the concentration of lithocholic acid (LCA) in the feces, and the level of the translocation of pregnane X receptor (PXR) to the nucleus in the liver were examined. A decrease in the CYP3A expression level was observed beginning on the second day of the treatment with EGCG. The level of translocation of PXR to the nucleus was significantly lower in the EGCG group. The fecal level of LCA was clearly decreased by the EGCG treatment. The level of intestinal bacteria of Clostridium spp. was also decreased by the EGCG treatment. It is clear that the hepatospecific decrease in the CYP3A expression level observed after a high-dose intake of GP was caused by EGCG. Because EGCG, which is not absorbed from the intestine, causes a decrease in the level of LCA-producing bacteria in the colon, the level of LCA in the liver decreases, resulting in a decrease in the nuclear translocation of PXR, which in turn leads to the observed decrease in the expression level of CYP3A.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sosuke Ogawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Japan
| | - Ryuta Hirobe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Japan
| | - Risako Kon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kusunoki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Japan
| | - Marin Yamashita
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Japan
| | - Nanaho Mizukami
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Japan
| | - Miho Kaneko
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Wakui
- Division of Applied Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hoshi University, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Machida
- Division of Applied Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hoshi University, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Sugiyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Japan.
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Fu C, Jiang Y, Guo J, Su Z. Natural Products with Anti-obesity Effects and Different Mechanisms of Action. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:9571-9585. [PMID: 27931098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, a primary influence on health condition, causes numerous comorbidities and complications and, therefore, pharmacotherapy is considered a strategy for its treatment. However, the adverse effects of most chemical drugs targeting weight loss complicate their approval by regulatory authorities. Recently, interest has increased in the development of ingredients from natural sources with fewer adverse effects for preventing and ameliorating obesity. This review provides an overview of current anti-obesity drugs and natural products with anti-obesity properties as well as their mechanisms of action, which include interfering with nutrient absorption, decreasing adipogenesis, increasing energy expenditure (thermogenesis), appetite suppression, modifying intestinal microbiota composition, and increasing fecal fat excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuhan Fu
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yao Jiang
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Matsuo Y, Kusano R, Ogawa S, Yazaki Y, Tanaka T. Characterization of the α-Amylase Inhibitory Activity of Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins from Acacia mearnsii Bark Extract. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601101219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acacia mearnsii (Fabaceae) contains acacia polyphenols, which are a complex mixture of proanthocyanidins that are mainly composed of 5-deoxycatechin units. In this study, an aqueous extract of A. mearnsii bark was fractionated and the α-amylase inhibitory activity of each fraction was evaluated. The 13C NMR and MS data and the pyrolysis products obtained from the active and inactive fractions were compared. The spectroscopic results clearly indicated that fractions with strong inhibitory activity contained proanthocyanidin oligomers with catechol-type B-rings rather than pyrogallol-type B-rings. HPLC analysis of the pyrolysis products showed peaks for pyrocatechol were only observed in the mixtures obtained from the fractions with high inhibitory activities. In addition, (+)-pinitol was isolated as a major polyol of the extract at a level comparable with that of sucrose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Matsuo
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-Machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Rie Kusano
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-Machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Sosuke Ogawa
- Mimozax Co., Ltd., 4291-1 Miyauchi, Hatsukaichi-shi, Hiroshima 738-0034, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Yazaki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Takashi Tanaka
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-Machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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Sun NN, Wu TY, Chau CF. Natural Dietary and Herbal Products in Anti-Obesity Treatment. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101351. [PMID: 27727194 PMCID: PMC6273667 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity is on the rise around the world. Common comorbidities associated with obesity, particularly diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease have an impact on social and financial systems. Appropriate lifestyle and behavior interventions are still the crucial cornerstone to weight loss success, but maintaining such a healthy lifestyle is extremely challenging. Abundant natural materials have been explored for their obesity treatment potential and widely used to promote the development of anti-obesity products. The weight loss segment is one of the major contributors to the overall revenue of the dietary supplements market. In this review, the anti-obesity effects of different dietary or herbal products, and their active ingredients and mechanisms of action against obesity will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Nong Sun
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Tsung-Yen Wu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Fai Chau
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
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Fomenko EV, Chi Y. Mangiferin modulation of metabolism and metabolic syndrome. Biofactors 2016; 42:492-503. [PMID: 27534809 PMCID: PMC5077701 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The recent emergence of a worldwide epidemic of metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes, demands effective strategy to develop nutraceuticals or pharmaceuticals to halt this trend. Natural products have long been and continue to be an attractive source of nutritional and pharmacological therapeutics. One such natural product is mangiferin (MGF), the predominant constituent of extracts of the mango plant Mangifera indica L. Reports on biological and pharmacological effects of MGF increased exponentially in recent years. MGF has documented antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Recent studies indicate that it modulates multiple biological processes involved in metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. MGF has been shown to improve metabolic abnormalities and disorders in animal models and humans. This review focuses on the recently reported biological and pharmacological effects of MGF on metabolism and metabolic disorders. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(5):492-503, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuling Chi
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
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Ullah N, Hafeez K, Farooq S, Batool A, Aslam N, Hussain M, Ahmad S. Anti-diabetes and anti-obesity: A meta-analysis of different compounds. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(16)61123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Domínguez-Avila JA, González-Aguilar GA, Alvarez-Parrilla E, de la Rosa LA. Modulation of PPAR Expression and Activity in Response to Polyphenolic Compounds in High Fat Diets. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071002. [PMID: 27367676 PMCID: PMC4964378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) are transcription factors that modulate energy metabolism in liver, adipose tissue and muscle. High fat diets (HFD) can negatively impact PPAR expression or activity, favoring obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and other conditions. However, polyphenols (PP) found in vegetable foodstuffs are capable of positively modulating this pathway. We therefore focused this review on the possible effects that PP can have on PPAR when administered together with HFD. We found that PP from diverse sources, such as coffee, olives, rice, berries and others, are capable of inducing the expression of genes involved in a decrease of adipose mass, liver and serum lipids and lipid biosynthesis in animal and cell models of HFD. Since cells or gut bacteria can transform PP into different metabolites, it is possible that a synergistic or antagonistic effect ultimately occurs. PP molecules from vegetable sources are an interesting option to maintain or return to a state of energy homeostasis, possibly due to an adequate PPAR expression and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Abraham Domínguez-Avila
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Carretera a La Victoria km 0.6, AP 1735, CP 83304 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Gustavo A González-Aguilar
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Carretera a La Victoria km 0.6, AP 1735, CP 83304 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Emilio Alvarez-Parrilla
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, CP 32310 Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico.
| | - Laura A de la Rosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, CP 32310 Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico.
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Ikarashi N, Ogawa S, Hirobe R, Kusunoki Y, Kon R, Ochiai W, Sugiyama K. High-dose green tea polyphenol intake decreases CYP3A expression in a liver-specific manner with increases in blood substrate drug concentrations. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 89:137-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Oliveira RF, Gonçalves GA, Inácio FD, Koehnlein EA, de Souza CGM, Bracht A, Peralta RM. Inhibition of Pancreatic Lipase and Triacylglycerol Intestinal Absorption by a Pinhão Coat (Araucaria angustifolia) Extract Rich in Condensed Tannin. Nutrients 2015; 7:5601-14. [PMID: 26184295 PMCID: PMC4517019 DOI: 10.3390/nu7075242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present work was to characterize the possible inhibition of pancreatic lipase by a tannin-rich extract obtained from the pinhão (Araucaria angustifolia seed) coat, based on the previous observation that this preparation inhibits α-amylases. Kinetic measurements of pancreatic lipase revealed that the pinhão coat tannin is an effective inhibitor. Inhibition was of the parabolic non-competitive type. The inhibition constants, K¯i1 and
K¯i2, were equal to 332.7 ± 146.1 μg/mL and 321.2 ± 93.0 μg/mL, respectively, corresponding roughly to the inhibitor concentration producing 50% inhibition ([I]50). Consistently, the pinhão coat extract was also effective at diminishing the plasma triglyceride levels in mice after an olive oil load; 50% diminution of the area under the plasma concentration versus the time curve occurred at a dose of 250 mg/kg. This observation is most probably the consequence of an indirect inhibition of triglyceride absorption via inhibition of pancreatic lipase. For the pinhão coat tannin, this is the second report of a biological activity, the first one being a similar inhibition of the absorption of glucose derived from starch as a consequence of an inhibitory action on α-amylases. Taken together, these effects represent a potential anti-obesity action, as suggested for other polyphenol or tannin-rich preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Adelar Bracht
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020900, Brazil.
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Beneficial role of bitter melon supplementation in obesity and related complications in metabolic syndrome. J Lipids 2015; 2015:496169. [PMID: 25650336 PMCID: PMC4306384 DOI: 10.1155/2015/496169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome are becoming epidemic both in developed and developing countries in recent years. Complementary and alternative medicines have been used since ancient era for the treatment of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Bitter melon is widely used as vegetables in daily food in Bangladesh and several other countries in Asia. The fruits extract of bitter melon showed strong antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities in experimental condition both in vivo and in vitro. Recent scientific evaluation of this plant extracts also showed potential therapeutic benefit in diabetes and obesity related metabolic dysfunction in experimental animals and clinical studies. These beneficial effects are mediated probably by inducing lipid and fat metabolizing gene expression and increasing the function of AMPK and PPARs, and so forth. This review will thus focus on the recent findings on beneficial effect of Momordica charantia extracts on metabolic syndrome and discuss its potential mechanism of actions.
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Thyrotropin increases hepatic triglyceride content through upregulation of SREBP-1c activity. J Hepatol 2014; 61:1358-64. [PMID: 25016220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hallmarks of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are increased triglyceride accumulation within hepatocytes. The prevalence of NAFLD increases steadily with increasing thyrotropin (TSH) levels. However, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we focused on exploring the effect and mechanism of TSH on the hepatic triglyceride content. METHODS As the function of TSH is mediated through the TSH receptor (TSHR), Tshr(-/-) mice (supplemented with thyroxine) were used. Liver steatosis and triglyceride content were analysed in Tshr(-/-) and Tshr(+/+) mice fed a high-fat or normal chow diet, as well as in Srebp-1c(-/-) and Tshr(-/-)Srebp-1c(-/-) mice. The expression levels of proteins and genes involved in liver triglyceride metabolism was measured. RESULTS Compared with control littermates, the high-fat diet induced a relatively low degree of liver steatosis in Tshr(-/-) mice. Even under chow diet, hepatic triglyceride content was decreased in Tshr(-/-) mice. TSH caused concentration- and time-dependent effects on intracellular triglyceride contents in hepatocytes in vitro. The activity of SREBP-1c, a key regulator involved in triglyceride metabolism and in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, was significantly lower in Tshr(-/-) mice. In Tshr(-/-)Srebp-1c(-/-) mice, the liver triglyceride content showed no significant difference compared with Tshr(+/+)Srebp-1c(-/-) mice. When mice were injected with forskolin (cAMP activator), H89 (inhibitor of PKA) or AICAR (AMPK activator), or HeG2 cells received MK886 (PPARα inhibitor), triglyceride contents presented in a manner dependent on SREBP-1c activity. The mechanism, underlying TSH-induced liver triglyceride accumulation, involved that TSH, through its receptor TSHR, triggered hepatic SREBP-1c activity via the cAMP/PKA/PPARα pathway associated with decreased AMPK, which further increased the expression of genes associated with lipogenesis. CONCLUSIONS TSH increased the hepatic triglyceride content, indicating an essential role for TSH in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
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NIU HAI, CHAO YU, LI KE, LI JUNXIANG, GONG WEIHONG, HUANG WEN. Robinetinidol-flavone attenuates cholesterol synthesis in hepatoma cells via inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:561-6. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Antidiabetic activity of Acacia tortilis (Forsk.) Hayne ssp. raddiana polysaccharide on streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:572013. [PMID: 25121104 PMCID: PMC4119902 DOI: 10.1155/2014/572013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the antidiabetic activity of aqueous extract of Acacia tortilis polysaccharide (AEATP) from gum exudates and its role in comorbidities associated with diabetes in STZ-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. Male albino Wistar rats were divided into control, diabetic control, glimepiride treated (10 mg/kg), and diabetic rats treated with 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg dose of AEATP groups and fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, VLDL, HDL, SGOT, and SGPT levels were measured. STZ significantly increased fasting blood glucose level, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, VLDL, SGOT, and SGPT levels, whereas HDL level was reduced as compared to control group. After 7 days of administration, 500 and 1000 mg/kg dose of AEATP showed significant reduction (P < 0.05) in fasting blood glucose level compared to diabetic control. AEATP has also reduced total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, VLDL, SGOT, and SGPT levels and improved HDL level as compared to diabetic control group. Our study is the first to report the normalization of fasting blood glucose level, lipid profile, and liver enzyme in AEATP treated diabetic rats. Thus, it can be concluded that AEATP may have potentials for the treatment of T2DM and its comorbidities.
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Hsu WH, Pan TM. Treatment of metabolic syndrome with ankaflavin, a secondary metabolite isolated from the edible fungus Monascus spp. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:4853-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5716-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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49
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Yui K, Kiyofuji A, Osada K. Effects of xanthohumol-rich extract from the hop on fatty acid metabolism in rats fed a high-fat diet. J Oleo Sci 2014; 63:159-68. [PMID: 24420065 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthohumol is the major prenylated flavonoid of female inflorescences of the hop plant (Humulus lupulus L.) and is a hydrophobic flavonoid. We examined the effects of dietary xanthohumol-rich hop extract in obese rats that was induced by feeding a high-fat diet. Dietary xanthohumol-rich hop extract significantly lowered the body weight gain of these rats compared to rats fed a high-fat diet without the extract. The increase of body weight, liver weight, and triacylglycerol levels in the plasma and liver of the rats fed a high-fat diet was ameliorated by dietary xanthohumol-rich hop extract. Dietary xanthohumol-rich hop extract tended to reduce hepatic fatty acid synthesis through the reduction of hepatic SREBP1c mRNA expression in the rats fed a high-fat diet. The excreted of triacylglycerol into feces also was promoted by dietary xanthohumol-rich hop extract. Plasma adiponectin levels in the rats fed a high-fat diet also tended to be elevated by dietary xanthohumol-rich hop extract. Thus, xanthohumol-rich hop extract may inhibit the increase of body weight, liver weight, and triacylglycerol in the plasma and liver induced by feeding high-fat diet through the regulation of hepatic fatty acid metabolism and inhibition of intestinal fat absorption. Therefore, xanthohumol-rich hop extract may exert preventive function on the increase of body weight and tissue triacylglycerol levels by overnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Yui
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Meiji University
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Hsu WH, Chen TH, Lee BH, Hsu YW, Pan TM. Monascin and ankaflavin act as natural AMPK activators with PPARα agonist activity to down-regulate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6 mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 64:94-103. [PMID: 24275089 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Yellow pigments monascin (MS) and ankaflavin (AK) are secondary metabolites derived from Monascus-fermented products. The hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects of MS and AK indicate that they have potential on preventing or curing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Oleic acid (OA) and high-fat diet were used to induce steatosis in FL83B hepatocytes and NAFLD in mice, respectively. We found that both MS and AK prevented fatty acid accumulation in hepatocytes by inhibiting fatty acid uptake, lipogenesis, and promoting fatty acid beta-oxidation mediated by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α and AMP-activated kinase (AMPK). Furthermore, MS and AK significantly attenuated high-fat diet-induced elevation of total cholesterol (TC), triaceylglycerol (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) in plasma. MS and AK promoted AMPK phosphorylation, suppressed the steatosis-related mRNA expression and inflammatory cytokines secretion, as well as upregulated farnesoid X receptor (FXR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator (PGC)-1α, and PPARα expression to induce fatty acid oxidation in the liver of mice. We provided evidence that MS and AK act as PPARα agonists to upregulate AMPK activity and attenuate NAFLD. MS and AK may be supplied in food supplements or developed as functional foods to reduce the risk of diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsuan Hsu
- Department of Biochemical Science & Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hung Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science & Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Bao-Hong Lee
- Department of Biochemical Science & Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Hsu
- R&D Division, SunWay Biotechnology Company Limited, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ming Pan
- Department of Biochemical Science & Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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