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Tan W, Zhang J, Dai F, Yang D, Gu R, Tang L, Liu H, Cheng YX. Insights on the NF-κB system in polycystic ovary syndrome, attractive therapeutic targets. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:467-486. [PMID: 37097332 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04736-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear factor κappa B (NF-κB) signaling plays a well-known function in inflammation and regulates a wide variety of biological processes. Low-grade chronic inflammation is gradually considered to be closely related to the pathogenesis of Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In this review, we provide an overview on the involvement of NF-κB in the progression of PCOS particularly, such as hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, and endometrial dysfunction. From a clinical perspective, progressive recognition of NF-κB pathway provides opportunities for therapeutic interventions aimed at inhibiting pathway-specific mechanisms. With the accumulation of basic experimental and clinical data, NF-κB signaling pathway was recognized as a therapeutic target. Although there have been no specific small molecule NF-κB inhibitors in PCOS, a plethora of natural and synthetic compound have emerged for the pharmacologic intervention of the pathway. The traditional herbs developed for NF-κB pathway have become increasingly popular in recent years. Abundant evidence elucidated that NF-κB inhibitors can significantly improve the symptoms of PCOS. Herein, we summarized evidence relating to how NF-κB pathway is involved in the development and progression of PCOS. Furthermore, we present an in-depth overview of NF-κB inhibitors for therapy interventions of PCOS. Taken together, the NF-κB signaling may be a futuristic treatment strategy for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyong Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lujia Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan-Xiang Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Lonardo MS, Cacciapuoti N, Guida B, Di Lorenzo M, Chiurazzi M, Damiano S, Menale C. Hypothalamic-Ovarian axis and Adiposity Relationship in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Physiopathology and Therapeutic Options for the Management of Metabolic and Inflammatory Aspects. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:51-70. [PMID: 38172476 PMCID: PMC10933167 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00531-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of the present review is to address the main adiposity-related alterations in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) focusing on hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (H-P-O) axis and to provide an overview of nutraceutical and pharmacological therapeutic strategies. RECENT FINDINGS Female reproduction is a complex and delicate interplay between neuroendocrine signals involving the H-P-O axis. Elements that disrupt the balance of these interactions can lead to metabolic and reproductive disorders, such as PCOS. This disorder includes menstrual, metabolic, and biochemical abnormalities as well as hyperandrogenism, oligo-anovulatory menstrual cycles, insulin resistance, and hyperleptinemia which share an inflammatory state with other chronic diseases. Moreover, as in a self-feeding cycle, high androgen levels in PCOS lead to visceral fat deposition, resulting in insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, further stimulating ovarian and adrenal androgen production. In fact, regardless of age and BMI, women with PCOS have more adipose tissue and less lean mass than healthy women. Excessive adiposity, especially visceral adiposity, is capable of affecting female reproduction through direct mechanisms compromising the luteal phase, and indirect mechanisms as metabolic alterations able to affect the function of the H-P-O axis. The intricate crosstalk between adiposity, inflammatory status and H-P-O axis function contributes to the main adiposity-related alterations in PCOS, and alongside currently available hormonal treatments, nutraceutical and pharmacological therapeutic strategies can be exploited to treat these alterations, in order to enable a more comprehensive synergistic and tailored treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Serena Lonardo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Nunzia Cacciapuoti
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Bruna Guida
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Mariana Di Lorenzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Martina Chiurazzi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Simona Damiano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ciro Menale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
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Fernandes LM, Lorigo M, Cairrao E. Relationship between Androgens and Vascular and Placental Function during Pre-eclampsia. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1668-1693. [PMID: 38534724 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46030108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) represent a substantial risk to maternal and fetal health. Emerging evidence suggests an association between testosterone and pre-eclampsia (PE), potentially mediated through androgen receptors (AR). Nevertheless, the mechanism driving this association is yet to be elucidated. On the other hand, reports of transgender men's pregnancies offer a limited and insightful opportunity to understand the role of high androgen levels in the development of HDP. In this sense, a literature review was performed from a little over 2 decades (1998-2022) to address the association of testosterone levels with the development of HDP. Furthermore, this review addresses the case of transgender men for the first time. The main in vitro outcomes reveal placenta samples with greater AR mRNA expression. Moreover, ex vivo studies show that testosterone-induced vasorelaxation impairment promotes hypertension. Epidemiological data point to greater testosterone levels in blood samples during PE. Studies with transgender men allow us to infer that exogenous testosterone administration can be considered a risk factor for PE and that the administration of testosterone does not affect fetal development. Overall, all studies analyzed suggested that high testosterone levels are associated with PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara M Fernandes
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- FCS-UBI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Margarida Lorigo
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- FCS-UBI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Elisa Cairrao
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- FCS-UBI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
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Wang K, Li Y, Chen Y. Androgen excess: a hallmark of polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1273542. [PMID: 38152131 PMCID: PMC10751361 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1273542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a metabolic, reproductive, and psychological disorder affecting 6-20% of reproductive women worldwide. However, there is still no cure for PCOS, and current treatments primarily alleviate its symptoms due to a poor understanding of its etiology. Compelling evidence suggests that hyperandrogenism is not just a primary feature of PCOS. Instead, it may be a causative factor for this condition. Thus, figuring out the mechanisms of androgen synthesis, conversion, and metabolism is relatively important. Traditionally, studies of androgen excess have largely focused on classical androgen, but in recent years, adrenal-derived 11-oxygenated androgen has also garnered interest. Herein, this Review aims to investigate the origins of androgen excess, androgen synthesis, how androgen receptor (AR) signaling mediates adverse PCOS traits, and the role of 11-oxygenated androgen in the pathophysiology of PCOS. In addition, it provides therapeutic strategies targeting hyperandrogenism in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Wang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Wei Y, Liu J, Wang G, Wang Y. Sex differences in the association between adipose insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese adults. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:69. [PMID: 37814297 PMCID: PMC10561490 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose insulin resistance (Adipo-IR) is associated with multiple metabolic diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The study aimed to evaluate sex differences in the association between Adipo-IR and NAFLD, and further investigated other potential modifiers. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled adults without diabetes who underwent physical examinations in Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital. We calculated the Adipo-IR index as the product of the fasting insulin and free fatty acid concentration. We categorized Adipo-IR into four groups according to quartiles, using the first interquartile range (Q1) as the reference. Logistic regression was used stratified by the modifiers after adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS There were 5586 participants in the study, 49.8% (n = 2781) of whom were women and 30.4% (n = 1698) with NAFLD. There was a graded positive association between Adipo-IR and NAFLD, with sex (P = 0.01) and hyperlipidemia (P = 0.02) modifying this association. In the hyperlipidemic women, for one unit increase in log-Adipo-IR, the odds of having NAFLD increased by 385% after adjustment for potential confounders (OR = 4.85, 95%CI 3.54-6.73, P < 0.001). However, it turned out that the odds of having NAFLD increased by 131% (OR = 2.31, 95%CI 1.74-3.11, P < 0.001), 216% (OR = 3.16, 95%CI 2.56-3.93, P < 0.001), 181% (OR = 2.81, 95%CI 1.88-4.28, P < 0.001) in normolipidemic men, hyperlipidemic men, and normolipidemic women, respectively. Similarly, the ORs for the association between Adipo-IR and NAFLD in women with age ≥ 50 years were higher than ORs in women with age < 50 years. CONCLUSIONS The positive correlation between Adipo-IR and NAFLD was stronger in hyperlipidemic women, compared with normolipidemic or hyperlipidemic men, or normolipidemic women. The association also strengthened for women over 50 years. Treatment strategies targeting Adipo-IR to alleviate NAFLD may be of value, especially in hyperlipidemic women after menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Health Management Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Escobar-Morreale HF, Martínez-García MÁ, Insenser M, Cañellas N, Correig X, Luque-Ramírez M. Serum metabolomics profiling by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry of the response to single oral macronutrient challenges in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared with male and female controls. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:62. [PMID: 37736753 PMCID: PMC10514968 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00547-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with insulin resistance, obesity and cardiometabolic comorbidities. We here challenged the hypothesis, using state-of-the-art proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (1H-NMRS) metabolomics profiling, that androgen excess in women induces a certain masculinization of postprandial metabolism that is modulated by obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants were 53 Caucasian young adults, including 17 women with classic PCOS consisting of hyperandrogenism and ovulatory dysfunction, 17 non-hyperandrogenic women presenting with regular menses, and 19 healthy men, selected to be similar in terms of age and body mass index (BMI). Half of the subjects had obesity. Patients were submitted to isocaloric separate glucose, lipid and protein oral challenges in alternate days and fasting and postprandial serum samples were submitted to 1H-NMRS metabolomics profiling for quantification of 36 low-molecular-weight polar metabolites. RESULTS The largest postprandial changes were observed after glucose and protein intake, with lipid ingestion inducing smaller differences. Changes after glucose intake consisted of a marked increase in carbohydrates and byproducts of glycolysis, and an overall decrease in byproducts of proteolysis, lipolysis and ketogenesis. After the protein load, most amino acids and derivatives increased markedly, in parallel to an increase in pyruvate and a decrease in 3-hydroxybutyric acid and glycerol. Obesity increased β- and D-glucose and pyruvate levels, with this effect being observed mostly after glucose ingestion in women with PCOS. Regardless of the type of macronutrient, men presented increased lysine and decreased 3-hydroxybutyric acid. In addition, non-obese men showed increased postprandial β-glucose and decreased pyroglutamic acid, compared with non-obese control women. We observed a common pattern of postprandial changes in branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, where men showed greater amino acids increases after protein intake than control women and patients with PCOS but only within the non-obese participants. Conversely, this increase was blunted in obese men but not in obese women, who even presented a larger increase in some amino acids compared with their non-obese counterparts. Interestingly, regardless of the type of macronutrient, only obese women with PCOS showed increased leucine, lysine, phenylalanine and tryptophan levels compared with non-obese patients. CONCLUSIONS Serum 1H-NMRS metabolomics profiling indicated sexual dimorphism in the responses to oral macronutrient challenges, which were apparently driven by the central role of postprandial insulin effects with obesity, and to a lesser extent PCOS, exerting modifying roles derived from insulin resistance. Hence, obesity impaired metabolic flexibility in young adults, yet sex and sex hormones also influenced the regulation of postprandial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor F Escobar-Morreale
- Diabetes Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Universidad de Alcalá, Carretera de Colmenar km 9.1, 28034, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Ángeles Martínez-García
- Diabetes Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Universidad de Alcalá, Carretera de Colmenar km 9.1, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Insenser
- Diabetes Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Universidad de Alcalá, Carretera de Colmenar km 9.1, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolau Cañellas
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Xavier Correig
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Manuel Luque-Ramírez
- Diabetes Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Universidad de Alcalá, Carretera de Colmenar km 9.1, 28034, Madrid, Spain
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Harris K, Peters SAE, Woodward M. Sex hormones and the risk of myocardial infarction in women and men: a prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:61. [PMID: 37730580 PMCID: PMC10510146 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00546-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is conflicting evidence around the role of sex hormones with cardiovascular outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the association of sex hormones with the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in pre- and post-menopausal women, and men in the UK Biobank. METHODS The UK Biobank is a prospective population-based cohort study, that recruited over 500,000 (aged 40-69 years) women and men between 2006 and 2010. Sex specific cox regression models, estimating hazard ratios (HRs) and women to men ratio of HRs (RHR) with respective 95% confidence intervals (CI), were used to model the association of sex hormones [oestrogen, testosterone, oestrogen: testosterone (O/T) ratio, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and the free androgen index (FAI)], measured at study baseline, with incident MI for women and men. RESULTS Data were from 479,797 participants [264,282 (55.1%) women] without a history of MI at study baseline. Over 12.5 years of follow-up, there were 4,908 MI events in women and 10,517 in men. Neither oestrogen nor testosterone were associated with MI in women and men after multiple adjustment. For men, but not women, a unit higher log-transformed O/T ratio was associated with a lower risk of MI 0.79 (0.65, 0.95) after adjustment for traditional CVD risk factors. The corresponding women to men RHR (95% CI) was 1.24 (0.99, 1.56). Higher SHBG (per unit) was also associated with a lower risk of MI in men 0.94 (0.89, 0.99), and not in women 1.02 (0.95, 1.09) after multiple adjustment, the corresponding women to men RHR (95% CI) was 1.09 (1.00, 1.18). Higher FAI was associated with a higher risk of MI in men 1.09 (1.02, 1.15), though not in women 0.97 (0.92, 1.02), the corresponding women to men RHR was 0.89 (0.82, 0.97). Finally, there were differential effects in the association of SHBG and FAI between pre- and post-menopausal women. CONCLUSIONS A higher O/T ratio was associated with a lower risk of MI, and a higher FAI with a higher risk of MI after adjustment for CVD risk factors in men, but not in women. Thus, hormone ratios, rather than each alone, may play an important role in modulating the effect of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Harris
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Level 5, 1 King St, Newtown, Sydney, NSW, 2042, Australia.
| | - Sanne A E Peters
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Level 5, 1 King St, Newtown, Sydney, NSW, 2042, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Woodward
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Level 5, 1 King St, Newtown, Sydney, NSW, 2042, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Wu J, Fan X, Song Y. The causal effect of bioavailable testosterone on primary biliary cholangitis in female patients: A Bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis. Dig Liver Dis 2023; 55:1091-1097. [PMID: 36922303 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2023.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) primarily affects female in their 4th to 6th decade of life at which stage female's sex hormones change dramatically. Sex hormones have a wide range of effects on the liver and immune system. However, it remains unclear whether sex hormonal changes mediate the onset of PBC. AIMS This study investigated the causal effect between total testosterone (TT), bioavailable testosterone (BAT), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in female and PBC using public GWAS summary data. METHODS Data on TT, BAT, SHBG in female were obtained from a previous study based on the UK Biobank. PBC GWAS summary data was obtained from a genome-wide meta-analysis. We used several methods to make the conclusion robust. Various sensitivity analyses had been conducted to assess the consistency of our findings. RESULTS Our Mendelian randomization analysis revealed that the genetically predicted BAT in female was positively associated with PBC and SHBG in female was negatively associated with PBC. The results obtained from different methods are similar, which proves the reliability of the results. CONCLUSIONS Our study supported a causal relationship of BAT and SHBG in female on PBC. To confirm the association between testosterone and PBC, more research should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Xiude Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
| | - Yongfeng Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Institute of Endocrine & Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Escobar-Morreale HF, Martínez-García MÁ, Insenser M, Cañellas N, Correig X, Luque-Ramírez M. Serum metabolomics profiling by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals sexual dimorphism and masculinization of intermediate metabolism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:21. [PMID: 37076926 PMCID: PMC10114375 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00507-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with insulin resistance, obesity and cardiometabolic comorbidities. We here challenged the hypothesis, using state-of-the art proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy metabolomics profiling, that androgen excess in women induces also a certain masculinization of intermediate metabolism that is modulated by obesity. METHODS Participants were 53 Caucasian young adults, including 17 women with classic PCOS consisting of hyperandrogenism and ovulatory dysfunction, 17 non-hyperandrogenic women presenting with regular menses, and 19 healthy men, selected in order to be similar in terms of age and body mass index (BMI). Half of the subjects had obesity defined by a body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2. Subjects maintained the same diet unrestricted in carbohydrates for 3 days before sampling and maintained their lifestyle and exercise patterns prior and during the study. Plasma samples were submitted to proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy metabolomics profiling. RESULTS Obesity associated a metabolomics profile mainly characterized by increased branched chain and aromatic aminoacids. Regardless of obesity, this unfavorable profile also characterized men as compared with control women, and was shared by women with PCOS. Notably, the negative impact of obesity on metabolomics profile was restricted to women, with obese men showing no further deterioration when compared with their non-obese counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Serum metabolomics profiling by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals sexual dimorphism, and masculinization of intermediate metabolism in women with PCOS, further suggesting a role for sex and sex hormones in the regulation of intermediate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor F Escobar-Morreale
- Diabetes Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Carretera de Colmenar km 9.1, 28034, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Ángeles Martínez-García
- Diabetes Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Carretera de Colmenar km 9.1, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Insenser
- Diabetes Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Carretera de Colmenar km 9.1, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolau Cañellas
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Xavier Correig
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Manuel Luque-Ramírez
- Diabetes Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Carretera de Colmenar km 9.1, 28034, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Stallone JN, Oloyo AK. Cardiovascular and metabolic actions of the androgens: Is testosterone a Janus-faced molecule? Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 208:115347. [PMID: 36395900 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and in the Western world, one-third of all deaths are attributed to CVD. A conspicuous characteristic of this healthcare epidemic is that most CVD is higher in men than in age-matched premenopausal women, yet reasons for these obvious sex differences remain poorly understood. Driven by clinical case and epidemiological studies and supported by animal experiments, a strong dogma emerged early on that testosterone (TES) exerts deleterious effects on cardiovascular health and exacerbates development of CVD and metabolic dysfunctions in men. In this review, earlier and more recent clinical and experimental animal evidence of cardiovascular and metabolic effects of androgens are discussed. The more recent evidence overwhelmingly suggests that it is progressive, age-dependent declines in TES levels in men that exacerbate CVD and metabolic dysfunctions, while TES exerts beneficial systemic hypotensive effects and protects against metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recent findings reveal existence of bi-directional modulation of glucose and fat homeostasis by TES in females vs males, such that age-dependent declines in TES levels in males and abnormal increases in normally low TES levels in females both result in similar dysfunction in glucose and fat homeostasis, resulting in development of MetS and T2DM, central risk factors for development of CVD, in men as well as women. These findings suggest that the long-held view that TES is detrimental to male health should be discarded in favor of the view that, at least in men, TES is beneficial to cardiovascular and metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Stallone
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology and Michael E. DeBakey Institute for Comparative Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4466, United States.
| | - Ahmed K Oloyo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos 23401, Nigeria
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11
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Bays HE, Golden A, Tondt J. Thirty Obesity Myths, Misunderstandings, and/or Oversimplifications: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2022. OBESITY PILLARS (ONLINE) 2022; 3:100034. [PMID: 37990730 PMCID: PMC10661978 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2022.100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Background This Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) is intended to provide clinicians an overview of 30 common obesity myths, misunderstandings, and/or oversimplifications. Methods The scientific support for this CPS is based upon published citations, clinical perspectives of OMA authors, and peer review by the Obesity Medicine Association leadership. Results This CPS discusses 30 common obesity myths, misunderstandings, and/or oversimplifications, utilizing referenced scientific publications such as the integrative use of other published OMA CPSs to help explain the applicable physiology/pathophysiology. Conclusions This Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) on 30 common obesity myths, misunderstandings, and/or oversimplifications is one of a series of OMA CPSs designed to assist clinicians in the care of patients with the disease of obesity. Knowledge of the underlying science may assist the obesity medicine clinician improve the care of patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Edward Bays
- Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 3288, Illinois Avenue, Louisville, KY, 40213, USA
| | - Angela Golden
- NP Obesity Treatment Clinic, Flagstaff, AZ, 86001, USA
| | - Justin Tondt
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State Health, Penn State College of Medicine, 700 HMC Crescent Rd Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
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12
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Kumar GS, Tirgar P, Dalal M. Development and evaluation of novel rodent model of PCOS mimicking clinical phenotype in human disease. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43043-022-00118-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a most common female reproductive disorder, involving endocrine and metabolic disorders with unclear etiology. Androgen-based rodent animal models like DHEA and DHT are most suitable for PCOS induction, but still, these models fail to produce non-lean PCOS phenotypes such as hyperandrogenism, hyperinsulinemia, elevated estrogen levels, and ovary weight. Excess fructose consumption leads to hyperandrogenism, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance. The purpose of this study is to investigate, whether fructose consumption along with androgens in rats, could develop all metabolic and endocrine phenotypes of non-lean human PCOS disease.
Methods
Prepubertal SD rats were administered with DHT (83ug, s.c.) and fructose (20%, p.o.) for 90 days whereas DHEA (7 mg/kg, s.c) and fructose (20%, p.o.) for 30 days. During study duration, the blood glucose level for oral glucose tolerance test, estrus cyclicity, and ultrasonography was observed. Reproductive hormones LH, FSH, insulin, testosterone, and estradiol levels were assessed using ELISA. The ovary, uterus, abdominal fat, and subcutaneous fat were collected and weighed, and histopathology was done for any anomaly’s findings.
Results
DHT + fructose-treated rats showed significant (p < 0.05) increase in serum testosterone, LH, estradiol, decreased FSH levels, and caused multiple cystic follicles. Abdominal fat, subcutaneous fat, ovary, and uterine weight were higher in DHT + F and DHEA + F when compared to control groups. OGTT reveals impaired insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in both model groups. Ovarian histopathology of DHT + F shows more cysts than the DHEA + F groups. No significant changes in uterine histology of DHT + F and DHEA + F-treated rats.
Conclusion
DHT + F-treated rats mimic all clinical phenotypes and could be used as novel rodent model for non-lean type PCOS.
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13
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The Prevalence of Diabetes among Hypertensive Polish in Relation to Sex-Difference in Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, Body Fat Percentage and Age. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159458. [PMID: 35954813 PMCID: PMC9367793 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Little is known about sex differences in the risk of type 2 diabetes (DM2) development related to body fat depot. The main aim of this study was to assess sex-specific differences in the prevalence of diabetes in the relation to body mass, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and calculated body fat percentage (BF), adjusted by physical activity, in younger and older hypertensive adults. Subjects/Methods: The survey enrolled 12,289 adult hypertensive outpatients with body weight, height, and WC reported by their physicians across Poland. Prevalence of diabetes was plotted against body mass, BMI, WC, and calculated BF and adjusted by the self-reported level of physical activity. Results: In our cohort, younger women (<60 years) with BMI < 25.0 kg/m2 had lower adjusted prevalence of diabetes than corresponding men (3.4% vs. 6.5%), while among older (≥60 years) with BMI < 25.0 kg/m2, the prevalence of diabetes was greater in women than in men (19.4% vs. 11.2%). A 25% probability of diabetes was observed for younger women with lower BMI than younger men (32.1 kg/m2 and 35.3 kg/m2, respectively) and WC (100.7 cm and 116.1 cm, respectively) but greater BF (45.5% and 38.9%, respectively). The corresponding differences in BMI and WC in older ones were much smaller (27.6 kg/m2 and 27.2 kg/m2, respectively; 83.7 cm and 85.6 cm, respectively), but not for BF (40.7% and 30.1%, respectively). A doubling of diabetes probability (from 25% to 50%), adjusted by physical activity, was attributable to the lower increase in BMI and WC and BF in women than in men (6.3 vs. 9.8 kg/m2, 25.0 vs. 36.1 cm, and 6.5 vs. 10.8%, for younger, and 8.1 vs. 11.3 kg/m2, 26.2 vs. 73.2 cm and 8.8 vs. 13.3%, for older). Conclusions: This study shows a lower probability of diabetes in younger women than younger men with normal weight BMI ranges, adjusted to physical activity. This probability is greater for hypertensive women, regardless of age, due to the increase in BMI/WC and BF values adjusted for physical activity.
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14
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Haque N, Tischkau SA. Sexual Dimorphism in Adipose-Hypothalamic Crosstalk and the Contribution of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor to Regulate Energy Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147679. [PMID: 35887027 PMCID: PMC9322714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There are fundamental sex differences in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of energy balance that account for this asymmetry will assist in developing sex-specific therapies for sexually dimorphic diseases such as obesity. Multiple organs, including the hypothalamus and adipose tissue, play vital roles in the regulation of energy homeostasis, which are regulated differently in males and females. Various neuronal populations, particularly within the hypothalamus, such as arcuate nucleus (ARC), can sense nutrient content of the body by the help of peripheral hormones such leptin, derived from adipocytes, to regulate energy homeostasis. This review summarizes how adipose tissue crosstalk with homeostatic network control systems in the brain, which includes energy regulatory regions and the hypothalamic–pituitary axis, contribute to energy regulation in a sex-specific manner. Moreover, development of obesity is contingent upon diet and environmental factors. Substances from diet and environmental contaminants can exert insidious effects on energy metabolism, acting peripherally through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Developmental AhR activation can impart permanent alterations of neuronal development that can manifest a number of sex-specific physiological changes, which sometimes become evident only in adulthood. AhR is currently being investigated as a potential target for treating obesity. The consensus is that impaired function of the receptor protects from obesity in mice. AhR also modulates sex steroid receptors, and hence, one of the objectives of this review is to explain why investigating sex differences while examining this receptor is crucial. Overall, this review summarizes sex differences in the regulation of energy homeostasis imparted by the adipose–hypothalamic axis and examines how this axis can be affected by xenobiotics that signal through AhR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazmul Haque
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA;
| | - Shelley A. Tischkau
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA;
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
- Correspondence:
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15
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Ma X, Wang Z, Zhang C, Bian Y, Zhang X, Liu X, Cao Y, Zhao Y. Association of SNPs in the FK-506 binding protein (FKBP5) gene among Han Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:149. [PMID: 35787810 PMCID: PMC9254403 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01301-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in premenopausal women, whose etiology remains uncertain, although it is known to be highly heterogeneous and genetically complex. PCOS often presents with hyperandrogenism symptoms. The present study aimed to determine whether polymorphisms in the FK-506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5) gene (androgen target gene) are associated with an association for PCOS and hyperandrogenism. Methods This is a case–control study, and association analyses were conducted. A total of 13 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the FKBP5 gene were evaluated in 775 PCOS patients who were diagnosed based on the Rotterdam Standard and 783 healthy Chinese Han women. Associations between FKBP5 SNPs and hormone levels were investigated. These 13 SNPs were genotyped using the Sequenom MassARRAY system, and an association analysis between the phenotype and alleles and genotypes were conducted. Results The genotype frequencies for the rs1360780 and rs3800373 SNPs differed significantly between the PCOS cases and healthy controls (p = 0.025, OR is 1.63 (1.05–2.53) and p = 0.029, OR is 1.59 (1.03–2.45) respectively under co-dominant model). Moreover, the genotype frequencies and genetic model analysis for the SNPs rs1360780, rs9470080, rs9296158, rs1043805 and rs7757037 differed significantly between the hyperandrogenism and non-hyperandrogenism groups of PCOS patients. The TT genotype of rs1360780, the TT genotype of rs9470080, the TT genotype of rs1043805 or the GG genotype of rs7705037 (ORs are 2.13 (1.03–4.39), 1.81 (1.03–3.17), 2.94 (1.32–6.53) and 1.72 (1.04–2.84) respectively) were correlated with androgen level of PCOS patients. Conclusion Our study showed that FKBP5 gene polymorphisms are associated with PCOS generally (rs1360780 and rs3800373) and with the hyperandrogenism subtype specifically (rs1360780, rs9470080, rs9296158, rs1043805 and rs7757037).
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-022-01301-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Ma
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Changming Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yuehong Bian
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yongzhi Cao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Yueran Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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16
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Liu X, Bai Y, Cui R, He S, Zhao X, Wu K, Fang M. Sus_circPAPPA2 Regulates Fat Deposition in Castrated Pigs through the miR-2366/GK Pathway. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060753. [PMID: 35740877 PMCID: PMC9220968 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CircRNAs play an important role in fat deposition, and testosterone-deficient boars exhibit significantly increased fat deposition; however, the mechanism by which testosterone regulates fat deposition through circRNAs remains unclear. In this study, circRNA-seq of backfat and abdominal fat from castrated and intact full-sib Yorkshire pigs was performed. The GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that the host genes of the dorsal DE circRNAs were mainly involved in fatty acid transport, while in abdominal tissues, these genes were mainly involved in adipogenesis and inflammation. The interaction among sus_circPAPPA2, ssc-miR-2366 and GK was verified by dual fluorescence experiments and in porcine preadipocytes. The overexpression of sus_circPAPPA2 significantly inhibited the differentiation of preadipocytes. The expression of sus_circPAPPA2 was increased after adding 100 nM of testosterone, and preadipocyte differentiation was significantly inhibited. Testosterone can affect preadipocyte differentiation by upregulating the expression of sus_circPAPPA2, sponging miR-2366 and regulating the expression of genes, such as GK. These results indicate that testosterone can regulate the expression of adipocyte differentiation- and lipid metabolism-related genes by regulating the expression of circRNA, and ceRNA networks are different in the testosterone regulation of adipose deposition in different parts. This study provides basic data enhancing the understanding of the interaction between the hormone environment and mir-2366/GK to regulate trait performance in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximing Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (R.C.); (S.H.); (X.Z.); (K.W.)
| | - Ying Bai
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056021, China;
| | - Ran Cui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (R.C.); (S.H.); (X.Z.); (K.W.)
| | - Shuaihan He
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (R.C.); (S.H.); (X.Z.); (K.W.)
| | - Xingbo Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (R.C.); (S.H.); (X.Z.); (K.W.)
| | - Keliang Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (R.C.); (S.H.); (X.Z.); (K.W.)
| | - Meiying Fang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (R.C.); (S.H.); (X.Z.); (K.W.)
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-10-62734943
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17
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Kong M, Xu M, Zhou Y, Geng N, Lin N, Song W, Li S, Piao Y, Han Z, Guo R, Yang C, Luo N, Wang Z, Ma L, Xu Q, Wang L, Qiu W, Li J, Shi D, Cheung EC, Li R, Chen Y, Duan Z. Assessing Visceral Obesity and Abdominal Adipose Tissue Distribution in Healthy Populations Based on Computed Tomography: A Large Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:871697. [PMID: 35548570 PMCID: PMC9082940 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.871697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Abdominal adipose is closely related to many endocrine and metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of abdominal adipose tissue in a healthy population in northern China determined by abdominal computed tomography (CT). Methods Data for this study were obtained from a multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional study that collected abdominal CT scans of 1787 healthy individuals from 4 representative cities in northern China. Areas of visceral adipose tissue (VATA) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SATA) were obtained by measuring CT images at the level of the 3rd lumbar vertebra. Visceral adipose tissue index (VATI) and subcutaneous adipose index (SATI) were obtained by normalizing the square of height to analyze the distribution of the above indexes and visceral obesity among different body mass index (BMI), gender and age. Results The mean age of this healthy population was 45.3 ± 15.2 years and the mean BMI was 23.5 ± 3.2 kg/m2, with 902 men and 885 women. Compared with women, men had a significantly higher median VATA (120.9 vs. 67.2 cm2), VATI (39.1 vs. 25.6 cm2/m2) and a significantly higher percentage of visceral adiposity (VATA ≥ 100 cm2) (60.8 vs. 30.4%), while women had significantly higher SATA (116.9 vs. 146.7 cm2) and SATI (38.8 vs. 55.8 cm2/m2) than men. Whether men or women, VATI was positively correlated with age. Interestingly, SATI was weakly positively correlated with age in women, while SATI was weakly negatively correlated with age in men. In persons with a normal BMI, the proportion of visceral adiposity increases with age, whereas in men with a normal BMI, the proportion of visceral adiposity decreases after the age of 60 years but remains >50%. Conclusions The distribution of abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue parameters measured by CT differed among gender, age, and BMI. Even men and women with normal BMI have a high proportion of visceral obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Kong
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Fourth Department of Liver Disease, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Manman Xu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Fourth Department of Liver Disease, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Postgraduate Training Base of Jinzhou Medical University, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Geng
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Fourth Department of Liver Disease, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Lin
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Fourth Department of Liver Disease, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyan Song
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Fourth Department of Liver Disease, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuetong Piao
- Department of Infection, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zuoqing Han
- Department of Infection, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Rong Guo
- Department of Infection, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Nan Luo
- Department of Infection, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Nanyang First People's Hospital, Nanyang, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Nanyang First People's Hospital, Nanyang, China
| | - Quanxiao Xu
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Nanyang First People's Hospital, Nanyang, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wanchun Qiu
- Department of Infection, The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Daimeng Shi
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Nanyang First People's Hospital, Nanyang, China
| | - Eddie C Cheung
- Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Center for Digestive Disease, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rongkuan Li
- Department of Infection, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Fourth Department of Liver Disease, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongping Duan
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Fourth Department of Liver Disease, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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18
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Ruiz S, Vázquez F, Pellitero S, Puig-Domingo M. ENDOCRINE OBESITY: Pituitary dysfunction in obesity. Eur J Endocrinol 2022; 186:R79-R92. [PMID: 35333754 DOI: 10.1530/eje-21-0899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, the growing pandemic of the 21st century, is associated with multiple organ dysfunction, either by a direct increase in fatty organ content or by indirect modifications related to general metabolic changes driven by a specific increase in biologic products. The pituitary gland is not protected against such a situation. Different hypothalamic-pituitary axes experience functional modifications initially oriented to an adaptive situation that, with years of obesity, turn to maladaptive dynamics that contribute to perpetuating obesity and specific symptoms of their hormonal nature. This paper reviews the recent knowledge on obesity-related pituitary dysfunction and its pathogenic mechanisms and discusses potential therapeutic actions aimed at contributing to ameliorating the complex treatment of severe cases of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Ruiz
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Federico Vázquez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Silvia Pellitero
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Manel Puig-Domingo
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
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19
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Von-Hafe M, Borges-Canha M, Vale C, Leite AR, Sérgio Neves J, Carvalho D, Leite-Moreira A. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Endocrine Axes—A Scoping Review. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040298. [PMID: 35448486 PMCID: PMC9026925 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease. NAFLD often occurs associated with endocrinopathies. Evidence suggests that endocrine dysfunction may play an important role in NAFLD development, progression, and severity. Our work aimed to explore and summarize the crosstalk between the liver and different endocrine organs, their hormones, and dysfunctions. For instance, our results show that hyperprolactinemia, hypercortisolemia, and polycystic ovary syndrome seem to worsen NAFLD’s pathway. Hypothyroidism and low growth hormone levels also may contribute to NAFLD’s progression, and a bidirectional association between hypercortisolism and hypogonadism and the NAFLD pathway looks likely, given the current evidence. Therefore, we concluded that it appears likely that there is a link between several endocrine disorders and NAFLD other than the typically known type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome (MS). Nevertheless, there is controversial and insufficient evidence in this area of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Von-Hafe
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (M.V.-H.); (C.V.); (A.R.L.); (J.S.N.); (A.L.-M.)
| | - Marta Borges-Canha
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (M.V.-H.); (C.V.); (A.R.L.); (J.S.N.); (A.L.-M.)
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo do Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-918935390
| | - Catarina Vale
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (M.V.-H.); (C.V.); (A.R.L.); (J.S.N.); (A.L.-M.)
| | - Ana Rita Leite
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (M.V.-H.); (C.V.); (A.R.L.); (J.S.N.); (A.L.-M.)
| | - João Sérgio Neves
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (M.V.-H.); (C.V.); (A.R.L.); (J.S.N.); (A.L.-M.)
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo do Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Davide Carvalho
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo do Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3s), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (M.V.-H.); (C.V.); (A.R.L.); (J.S.N.); (A.L.-M.)
- Serviço de Cirurgia Cardiotorácica do Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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20
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Lee DH, Kong SH, Jang HN, Ahn CH, Lim SG, Lee YA, Kim SW, Kim JH. Association of androgen excess and bone mineral density in women with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia with 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Arch Osteoporos 2022; 17:45. [PMID: 35258698 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-022-01090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between androgen excess and bone health in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) with 21-hydroxylase (21-OH) deficiency is not fully understood. This study demonstrated positive correlations between androgen hormones and bone mineral density (BMD) in CAH women with 21-OH deficiency. PURPOSE This study aims to assess BMD and its association with androgen excess in women with CAH. METHODS We enrolled 92 women with CAH with 21-OH deficiency and retrospectively reviewed their clinical features, hormone concentrations, body composition, glucocorticoid (GC) dose, and BMD. RESULTS BMD was not different according to the subtypes of CAH. BMD at the lumbar spine was lower in women with CAH with regular menstruation than those with irregular menstruation (1.081 vs. 1.165 g/cm2, P < 0.05). BMD was lower in women with CAH with 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) < 10 ng/mL than in those with ≥ 10 ng/mL (lumbar spine, 1.019 vs. 1.150 g/cm2; femur neck, 0.806 vs. 0.899 g/cm2; total hip, 0.795 vs. 0.943 g/cm2; all P < 0.05). After adjusting for age and BMI in correlation analyses, testosterone concentrations were positively correlated with lumbar spine, femur neck, and total hip BMD (r = 0.46, r = 0.38, and r = 0.35, respectively; all P < 0.05), while 17-OHP was positively correlated with lumbar spine BMD (r = 0.38, P < 0.01). In subgroup analysis, 17-OHP was positively correlated with BMD (lumbar spine, r = 0.22; femur neck, r = 0.22; total hip, r = 0.24; all P < 0.05) only in the group with a total cumulative dose of GC ≥ 156.0 g/m2. CONCLUSION Androgen excess may have a protective effect on BMD in women with classic CAH and high cumulative doses of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Dae-hak ro, Jongno gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Sung Hye Kong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Dae-hak ro, Jongno gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Han Na Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Dae-hak ro, Jongno gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Chang Ho Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Dae-hak ro, Jongno gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Seung Gyun Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Dae-hak ro, Jongno gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Young Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Wan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Dae-hak ro, Jongno gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Dae-hak ro, Jongno gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
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21
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Zhuang C, Luo X, Wang W, Sun R, Qi M, Yu J. Cardiovascular Risk According to Body Mass Index in Women of Reproductive Age With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:822079. [PMID: 35252398 PMCID: PMC8893173 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.822079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous condition that affects women of reproductive age. The association between PCOS and cardiovascular risk according to body mass index (BMI) categories is unclear. Objective We evaluated the association between cardiovascular risk according to BMI categories and PCOS in women of reproductive age. Methods A literature search was conducted in the EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and PubMed databases from their inception to 9 September, 2021. Observational cross-sectional, retrospective, and prospective controlled studies were included. The main analyses examined the relationship between cardiovascular risks (i.e., blood pressure and lipid levels) and BMI in women of reproductive age with PCOS. Results Thirty-eight studies, with a total of 6,078 subjects, were included in this metaanalysis. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were higher in women of reproductive age with PCOS. Lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol [SMD (95% CI): −0.21 (−0.35, −0.08), p = 0.002], higher triglycerides [SMD (95% CI): 0.38 (0.29, 0.48), p < 0.001], higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol [SMD (95% CI): 0.29 (0.20, 0.39), p < 0.001], higher nonHDL-cholesterol [SMD (95% CI): 0.42 (0.31, 0.52), p < 0.001] and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) [MD (95% CI): 0.03 (0.02, 0.04), p < 0.001] were seen in women of reproductive age with PCOS. In addition, the subgroup analysis revealed that systolic BP and HDL-cholesterol increased at BMI < 25 kg/m2 and BMI 25–30 kg/m2. Diastolic BP increased at BMI 25–30 kg/m2. Triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, nonHDL-cholesterol, and WHR increased in all BMI categories. Conclusions PCOS is associated with cardiovascular risk. Lipid levels and BP increased in women of reproductive age with PCOS, regardless of BMI. Systematic Review Registration Open Science Framework (10.17605/OSF.IO/92NBY).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Zhuang
- Hypertension Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xufei Luo
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Hypertension Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Runmin Sun
- Hypertension Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Qi
- Hypertension Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Hypertension Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Yu
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22
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Andrisse S, Feng M, Wang Z, Awe O, Yu L, Zhang H, Bi S, Wang H, Li L, Joseph S, Heller N, Mauvais-Jarvis F, Wong GW, Segars J, Wolfe A, Divall S, Ahima R, Wu S. Androgen-induced insulin resistance is ameliorated by deletion of hepatic androgen receptor in females. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21921. [PMID: 34547140 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100961r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Androgen excess is one of the most common endocrine disorders of reproductive-aged women, affecting up to 20% of this population. Women with elevated androgens often exhibit hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. The mechanisms of how elevated androgens affect metabolic function are not clear. Hyperandrogenemia in a dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-treated female mouse model induces whole body insulin resistance possibly through activation of the hepatic androgen receptor (AR). We investigated the role of hepatocyte AR in hyperandrogenemia-induced metabolic dysfunction by using several approaches to delete hepatic AR via animal-, cell-, and clinical-based methodologies. We conditionally disrupted hepatocyte AR in female mice developmentally (LivARKO) or acutely by tail vein injection of an adeno-associated virus with a liver-specific promoter for Cre expression in ARfl/fl mice (adLivARKO). We observed normal metabolic function in littermate female Control (ARfl/fl ) and LivARKO (ARfl/fl ; Cre+/- ) mice. Following chronic DHT treatment, female Control mice treated with DHT (Con-DHT) developed impaired glucose tolerance, pyruvate tolerance, and insulin tolerance, not observed in LivARKO mice treated with DHT (LivARKO-DHT). Furthermore, during an euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, the glucose infusion rate was improved in LivARKO-DHT mice compared to Con-DHT mice. Liver from LivARKO, and primary hepatocytes derived from LivARKO, and adLivARKO mice were protected from DHT-induced insulin resistance and increased gluconeogenesis. These data support a paradigm in which elevated androgens in females disrupt metabolic function via hepatic AR and insulin sensitivity was restored by deletion of hepatic AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Andrisse
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Mingxiao Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Olubusayo Awe
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lexiang Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sheng Bi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Linhao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Serene Joseph
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences/Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicola Heller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Franck Mauvais-Jarvis
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Tulane Center of Excellence in Sex-Based Biology & Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,VA Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Guang William Wong
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James Segars
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Wolfe
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sara Divall
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle's Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rexford Ahima
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sheng Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences/Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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23
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Xie M, Tang H, Li F, Wu S, Dong Y, Yang Y, Baker JS, Ma J. Mediating Roles of hsCRP, TNF-α and Adiponectin on the Associations between Body Fat and Fatty Liver Disease among Overweight and Obese Adults. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10090895. [PMID: 34571772 PMCID: PMC8469229 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Body fat has been reported to be related to a higher risk of fatty liver disease (FLD). However, few studies have explored the mediating roles of inflammatory biomarkers or adipokines on the relationships. This study examined the potential mediating effects of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and adiponectin (APN) in relationships between body fat and FLD in overweight and obese adults. Additionally, gender and age differences were demonstrated. It was concluded that hsCRP has a significant mediating effect on the association between body fat percentage and FLD in females independent of potential covariates. It was also demonstrated that the mediation effect of hsCRP was only significant and more profound in relatively older adults (36–56 years, 38.3%), not significant in the young ones (19–35 years). TNF-α and APN were not significantly associated with body fat percentage or FLD, with no mediating effect on the association between body fat percentage and FLD observed in either gender. In conclusion, hsCRP was a potential mediator on the association between adiposity and FLD, and this mediation is gender-specific and age-specific. The authors hope that the findings could contribute to the further exploration of the inflammatory-related mechanism of obesity-associated FLD. Abstract Body fat has been reported to be associated with a higher risk of fatty liver disease (FLD). However, few studies have explored the mediating roles of an inflammatory biomarker or adipokine on the relationships. Here, we examined the potential mediating roles of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and adiponectin (APN) in relationships between body fat and FLD in overweight and obese adults. Additionally, gender differences will be investigated. In total, 1221 participants aged 19–56 years were included in our study. Body fat percentage was measured with Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) and FLD by abdominal ultrasound. Mediation analysis was performed to assess the mediating effect of hsCRP, TNF-α and APN on the associations between BF (%) and FLD by gender differences. We found that hsCRP was significantly associated with body fat percentage in both genders (b = 0.2014, p < 0.0001 and b = 0.1804, p < 0.0001 for male and female, respectively), while hsCRP was associated with FLD only in the female group (b = 0.1609, p = 0.0109) but not in male group (b = 0.4800, p = 0.0603). We observed that hsCRP has a significant mediating effect on the association between body fat percentage and FLD (b = 0.0290, p = 0.0201, mediation ratio: 13.6%) in the female group independent of potential covariates (age, smoking, alcohol drinking and physical activity). TNF-α was not significantly associated with body fat percentage or FLD, with no mediating effect on the association between body fat percentage and FLD in either gender. In conclusion, there is a gender-specific mediation role of hsCRP in the association between body fat and FLD. HsCRP was a potential mediator on the association between adiposity and FLD in the female gender, but not in the male gender. Higher body fat was associated with a higher risk of FLD, and the inflammation level might play a potential mediating role in the association between body fat and FLD among female overweight and obese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xie
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (M.X.); (H.T.); (S.W.)
| | - Haokai Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (M.X.); (H.T.); (S.W.)
| | - Feifei Li
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Si Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (M.X.); (H.T.); (S.W.)
| | - Yanhui Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (Y.D.); (J.S.B.)
| | - Yide Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (M.X.); (H.T.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (Y.D.); (J.S.B.)
| | - Julien Steven Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (Y.D.); (J.S.B.)
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China;
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24
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Burra P, Bizzaro D, Gonta A, Shalaby S, Gambato M, Morelli MC, Trapani S, Floreani A, Marra F, Brunetto MR, Taliani G, Villa E. Clinical impact of sexual dimorphism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Liver Int 2021; 41:1713-1733. [PMID: 33982400 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
NAFLD/NASH is a sex-dimorphic disease, with a general higher prevalence in men. Women are at reduced risk of NAFLD compared to men in fertile age, whereas after menopause women have a comparable prevalence of NAFLD as men. Indeed, sexual category, sex hormones and gender habits interact with numerous NAFLD factors including cytokines, stress and environmental factors and alter the risk profiles and phenotypes of NAFLD. In the present review, we summarized the last findings about the influence of sex on epidemiology, pathogenesis, progression in cirrhosis, indication for liver transplantation and alternative therapies, including lifestyle modification and pharmacological strategies. We are confident that an appropriate consideration of sex, age, hormonal status and sociocultural gender differences will lead to a better understanding of sex differences in NAFLD risk, therapeutic targets and treatment responses and will aid in achieving sex-specific personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Burra
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Debora Bizzaro
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Gonta
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sarah Shalaby
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Martina Gambato
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Trapani
- Italian National Transplant Center, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Annarosa Floreani
- University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Negrar, Italy
| | - Fabio Marra
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maurizia Rossana Brunetto
- Hepatology and Liver Physiopathology Laboratory and Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gloria Taliani
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Erica Villa
- Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
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25
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Kazemi M, Pierson RA, Parry SA, Kaviani M, Chilibeck PD. Obesity, but not hyperandrogenism or insulin resistance, predicts skeletal muscle mass in reproductive-aged women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 45 observational studies. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13255. [PMID: 33855800 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) exhibit reduced muscle insulin-mediated glucose uptake, potentially attributed to altered muscle mass; however, this is inconclusive. Altered muscle mass may aggravate PCOS complications. Our systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated whether PCOS alters muscle mass and function. Databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus) were searched through September 2, 2020, for studies documenting skeletal muscle mass (lean tissue mass) and function (strength) in PCOS and control groups. The primary outcome was total lean body mass (LBM) or fat-free mass (FFM). Data were pooled by random-effects models and expressed as mean differences and 95% confidence intervals. Forty-five studies (n = 3676 participants) were eligible. Women with PCOS had increased total (0.83 [0.08,1.58] kg; p = 0.03; I2 = 72.0%) yet comparable trunk (0.84 [-0.37,2.05] kg; p = 0.15; I2 = 73.0%) LBM or FFM versus controls. Results of meta-regression analyses showed no associations between mean differences between groups in total testosterone or homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and total or trunk LBM or FFM (All: p ≥ 0.75). Mean differences in body mass index (BMI) were associated with total (0.65 [0.23,1.06] kg; p < 0.01; I2 = 56.9%) and trunk (0.56 [0.11,1.01] kg; p = 0.02; I2 = 42.8%) LBM or FFM. The PCOS subgroup with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 had greater total LBM or FFM versus controls (1.58 [0.82,2.34] kg; p < 0.01; I2 = 64.0%) unlike the PCOS subgroup with BMI < 25 kg/m2 (-0.45 [-1.94,1.05] kg; p = 0.53; I2 = 69.5%). Appendicular lean mass and muscle strength data were contradictory and described narratively, as meta-analyses were impossible. Women with PCOS have higher total and trunk lean tissue mass attributed to overweight/obesity, unlike hyperandrogenism or insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kazemi
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Human Metabolic Research Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Roger A Pierson
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Stephen A Parry
- Cornell Statistical Consulting Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Mojtaba Kaviani
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Philip D Chilibeck
- College of Kinesiology, Physical Activity Complex, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Salinas I, Sinha N, Sen A. Androgen-induced epigenetic modulations in the ovary. J Endocrinol 2021; 249:R53-R64. [PMID: 33764313 PMCID: PMC8080881 DOI: 10.1530/joe-20-0578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, androgens have emerged as critical regulators of female reproduction and women's health in general. While high levels of androgens in women are associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), recent evidence suggests that a certain amount of direct androgen action through androgen receptor is also essential for normal ovarian function. Moreover, prenatal androgen exposure has been reported to cause developmental reprogramming of the fetus that manifests into adult pathologies, supporting the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis. Therefore, it has become imperative to understand the underlying mechanism of androgen actions and its downstream effects under normal and pathophysiological conditions. Over the years, there has been a lot of studies on androgen receptor function as a transcriptional regulator in the nucleus as well as androgen-induced rapid extra-nuclear signaling. Conversely, new evidence suggests that androgen actions may also be mediated through epigenetic modulation involving both the nuclear and extra-nuclear androgen signaling. This review focuses on androgen-induced epigenetic modifications in female reproduction, specifically in the ovary, and discusses emerging concepts, latest perceptions, and highlight the areas that need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irving Salinas
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Niharika Sinha
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Aritro Sen
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Corresponding author and person to whom reprint request should be addressed: Aritro Sen Ph.D., Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, 3013 Interdisciplinary Science & Technology Building, 766 Service Road, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, Ph:517-432-4585;
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Kaikaew K, Grefhorst A, Visser JA. Sex Differences in Brown Adipose Tissue Function: Sex Hormones, Glucocorticoids, and Their Crosstalk. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:652444. [PMID: 33927694 PMCID: PMC8078866 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.652444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive fat accumulation in the body causes overweight and obesity. To date, research has confirmed that there are two types of adipose tissue with opposing functions: lipid-storing white adipose tissue (WAT) and lipid-burning brown adipose tissue (BAT). After the rediscovery of the presence of metabolically active BAT in adults, BAT has received increasing attention especially since activation of BAT is considered a promising way to combat obesity and associated comorbidities. It has become clear that energy homeostasis differs between the sexes, which has a significant impact on the development of pathological conditions such as type 2 diabetes. Sex differences in BAT activity may contribute to this and, therefore, it is important to address the underlying mechanisms that contribute to sex differences in BAT activity. In this review, we discuss the role of sex hormones in the regulation of BAT activity under physiological and some pathological conditions. Given the increasing number of studies suggesting a crosstalk between sex hormones and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in metabolism, we also discuss this crosstalk in relation to sex differences in BAT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasiphak Kaikaew
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aldo Grefhorst
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jenny A. Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Jenny A. Visser,
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Ye W, Xie T, Song Y, Zhou L. The role of androgen and its related signals in PCOS. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:1825-1837. [PMID: 33369146 PMCID: PMC7882969 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women at reproductive age. However, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms have not been completely understood. Hyperandrogenism is an important clinic feature in patients with PCOS, suggesting its pathologic role in the development and progression of PCOS. However, the actual role of androgen and the related signals in PCOS and PCOS-related complications have not yet been clarified. In this review, we surveyed the origin and effects of androgen on PCOS and the related complications, highlighted the cellular signals affecting androgen synthesis and summarized the pathological processes caused by hyperandrogenism. Our review well reveals the important mechanisms referring the pathogenesis of PCOS and provides important clues to the clinic strategies in patients with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Ye
- Division of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Xie
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yali Song
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
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Barocrinology: The Endocrinology of Obesity from Bench to Bedside. Med Sci (Basel) 2020; 8:medsci8040051. [PMID: 33371340 PMCID: PMC7768467 DOI: 10.3390/medsci8040051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has reached pandemic proportions. Hormonal and metabolic imbalances are the key factors that lead to obesity. South Asian populations have a unique phenotype, peculiar dietary practices, and a high prevalence of consanguinity. Moreover, many lower middle-income countries lack appropriate resources, super-specialists, and affordability to manage this complex disorder. Of late, there has been a substantial increase in both obesity and diabesity in India. Thus, many more patients are being managed by different types of bariatric procedures today than ever before. These patients have many types of endocrine and metabolic disturbances before and after bariatric surgery. Therefore, these patients should be managed by experts who have knowledge of both bariatric surgery and endocrinology. The authors propose “Barocrinology”, a novel terminology in medical literature, to comprehensively describe the field of obesity medicine highlighting the role of knowing endocrine physiology for understating its evolution, insights into its complications and appreciating the changes in the hormonal milieu following weight loss therapies including bariatric surgery. Barocrinology, coined as a portmanteau of “baro” (weight) and endocrinology, focuses upon the endocrine and metabolic domains of weight physiology and pathology. This review summarizes the key pointers of bariatric management from an endocrine perspective.
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Polyzos SA, Mousiolis A, Mintziori G, Goulis DG. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in males with low testosterone concentrations. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:1571-1577. [PMID: 32947757 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS There are limited clinical data on the association between serum testosterone concentrations and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in men. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the association between testosterone concentrations and NAFLD in adult men, in terms of noninvasive indices of NAFLD and hepatic fibrosis. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 98 men were recruited on an outpatient basis and were divided into low-testosterone (<12 nmol/l or <346 ng/dl, n = 37) or high-testosterone groups (≥12 nmol/l or ≥346 ng/dl, n = 61). Serum testosterone concentrations were measured by immuno-chemiluminescence. Hepatic steatosis index (HSI) and Triglyceride-to-HDL-C ratio (THR), as non-invasive indices of NAFLD, as well as AST-to-Platelet Ratio Index (APRI), fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) and NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), as non-invasive indices of hepatic fibrosis, were calculated based on standard formulas. RESULTS Both the non-invasive indices of NAFLD (HSI and THR) were higher in low-testosterone compared with high-testosterone group (HSI: 47.5 ± 2.9 vs. 38.4 ± 1.0, p = 0.005; THR: 1.70 ± 0.16 vs. 0.98 ± 0.07, p < 0.001). On the contrary, none of the non-invasive indices of hepatic fibrosis was different between groups. HSI (p = 0.038), but not THR, remained inversely independently associated with serum testosterone, after adjustment for potential confounders, including sex hormone-binding globulin. CONCLUSIONS Men with low testosterone concentrations have higher non-invasive indices of NAFLD (HSI and THR), but not of hepatic fibrosis (APRI, FIB-4, NFS), compared with counterparts of high testosterone concentrations. HSI was inversely and independently associated with testosterone concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stergios A Polyzos
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Athanasios Mousiolis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gesthimani Mintziori
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Goulis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Moncayo S, Insenser M, Martínez-García MÁ, Fuertes-Martín R, Amigó-Grau N, Álvarez-Blasco F, Luque-Ramírez M, Correig-Blanchar X, Escobar-Morreale HF. Acute-phase glycoprotein profile responses to different oral macronutrient challenges: Influence of sex, functional hyperandrogenism and obesity. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:1241-1246. [PMID: 32847693 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute-phase glycoprotein 1H-NMR spectroscopy profiles serve as surrogate markers of chronic inflammation in metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The latter is associated with increased height-to-width (H/W) ratios of GlycA and GlycB after fasting, but not to glycoprotein areas, regardless of obesity. We studied the responses to separate glucose, lipid and protein oral challenges of five glycoprotein variables (GlycA, GlycB, and GlycF areas and the GlycA and GlycB H/W ratios) in 17 women with PCOS, 17 control women, and 19 healthy men. Glucose and protein ingestion resulted into decreases in all glycoprotein variables, whereas lipid ingestion increased GlycA, GlycF and induced minimal changes in GlycB and GlycB H/W. We found no effects of obesity or group of subjects on postprandial glycoprotein variables regardless of the macronutrient being ingested. However, a statistically significant interaction indicated that obesity blunted the decrease in some of these variables in control women and men, whereas obese women with PCOS showed larger changes when compared with their non-obese counterparts. In conclusion, acute-phase glycoprotein profiles indicate an anti-inflammatory response during postprandial phase that is less pronounced after lipid ingestion, and is counteracted by the chronic inflammatory background associated with obesity and PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Moncayo
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), E-28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Insenser
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), E-28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Martínez-García
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), E-28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Fuertes-Martín
- BiosferTeslab SL, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, CIBERDEM, E-43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Núria Amigó-Grau
- BiosferTeslab SL, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, CIBERDEM, E-43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Francisco Álvarez-Blasco
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), E-28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Luque-Ramírez
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), E-28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Correig-Blanchar
- Metabolomics Platform, DEEEA-Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, CIBERDEM, E-43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Héctor F Escobar-Morreale
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), E-28034, Madrid, Spain.
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Li FP, Wang CZ, Huang JM, Yang WT, Lan BY, Ding CZ, Huang CL, Lao GJ, Sun K, Li LL, Li N, Xiao HS, Yan L. Obesity-associated secondary hypogonadism in young and middle-aged men in Guangzhou: A single-centre cross-sectional study. Int J Clin Pract 2020; 74:e13513. [PMID: 32304616 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Male obesity-associated secondary hypogonadism (MOSH) is becoming a public health issue. We aimed to know MOSH among young and middle-aged men in our hospital, to analyse their sex hormones and other index, and to determine leptin as a risk factor for MOSH. METHODS In total, 258 men (ages ranging from 20 to 60, mean 38 ± 15) were enrolled in this study, and 242 of these men had their complete data, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and sex hormones retrospectively investigated. The leptin and lipid levels were also evaluated, and comparisons were made between young (20-39 years old) and middle-aged (40-60 years old) men. RESULTS Among all the participants, 7 were thin, with a BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 , 95 had a normal BMI (18.5 ≤ BMI < 23.9 kg/m2 ), 87 (35.9%) were overweight (24 ≤ BMI ≤ 27.9 kg/m2 ) and 53 (21.9%) were obese (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2 ), 173 (71.5%) had a waist sized ≥ 85 cm. Among the 242 men, 104 (43%) had hypogonadism (TT ≤ 331.412 ng/dL). Compared with the men of normal weight, the level of testosterone of the obese men decreased (P = .006), while the level of serum lipids (including total cholesterol, TG and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, P < .05) was elevated, higher UA, FSH and leptin were also present in the obese men. There were 83 (34.2%) men with MOSH. Compared with middle-aged men with MOSH, the FSH in young men was significantly reduced (P < .05); no significant increase in estradiol was observed in the MOSH group. The leptin levels in the MOSH group were significantly higher than those in the hypogonadism only group (P < .001). CONCLUSION Obesity increases the prevalence of hypogonadism. The decrease in testosterone levels in young men maybe due to inhibition of the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis. Leptin is an independent risk factor for MOSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Ping Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Ming Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Tao Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Yun Lan
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Zhao Ding
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Chu-Lin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Juan Lao
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Sheng Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Insenser M, Moncayo S, Martínez‐García MÁ, Fernández‐Durán E, Samino S, Álvarez‐Blasco F, Luque‐Ramírez M, Escobar‐Morreale HF. 2D Diffusion‐Ordered
1
H‐NMR Spectroscopy Lipidomic Profiling after Oral Single Macronutrient Loads: Influence of Obesity, Sex, and Female Androgen Excess. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1900928. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María Insenser
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research GroupDepartment of Endocrinology & NutritionHospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) Madrid E‐28034 Spain
| | - Samuel Moncayo
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research GroupDepartment of Endocrinology & NutritionHospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) Madrid E‐28034 Spain
| | - M. Ángeles Martínez‐García
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research GroupDepartment of Endocrinology & NutritionHospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) Madrid E‐28034 Spain
| | - Elena Fernández‐Durán
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research GroupDepartment of Endocrinology & NutritionHospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) Madrid E‐28034 Spain
| | - Sara Samino
- Departament d'Enginyeria ElectrònicaElèctrica i AutomàticaUniversitat Rovira i Virgili Reus Tarragona E‐43007 Spain
| | - Francisco Álvarez‐Blasco
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research GroupDepartment of Endocrinology & NutritionHospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) Madrid E‐28034 Spain
| | - Manuel Luque‐Ramírez
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research GroupDepartment of Endocrinology & NutritionHospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) Madrid E‐28034 Spain
| | - Héctor F. Escobar‐Morreale
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research GroupDepartment of Endocrinology & NutritionHospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) Madrid E‐28034 Spain
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Metabolic Concepts in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension and Their Potential for Therapeutic Intervention. J Neuroophthalmol 2020; 38:522-530. [PMID: 29985799 PMCID: PMC6215484 DOI: 10.1097/wno.0000000000000684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional risk factors associated with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) include obesity, weight gain, and female sex. The incidence of IIH is increasing and yet the underlying trigger and the fueling pathological mechanisms are still poorly understood. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Review of ophthalmology, neurology, general surgery, obesity, endocrinology, nutrition, and neurosurgery literature was made. RESULTS The facts that implicate sex and obesity in IIH and headache are examined. The role of fat distribution in IIH is questioned, and the concept of adipose tissue functioning as an endocrine organ driving IIH is discussed. The impact of androgen metabolism in IIH is reviewed as is the emerging role of glucagon-like-peptide-1 analogues in modulating intracranial pressure. This introduces the concept of developing targeted disease-modifying therapeutic strategies for IIH. CONCLUSIONS This review will discuss the possible role of the adipose/gut/brain metabolism axis in IIH and speculate how this may impact the pathogenesis of IIH and therapeutic opportunities.
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Wu S, Zhu Y, Zhang J, Hu X, Yi Y. [Effect of circulating estrogen level on the outcome of free fat grafting in nude mice]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2020; 34:220-225. [PMID: 32030955 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201903011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of circulating estrogen level on the outcome of free fat grafting in nude mice. Methods Eighteen female nude mice aged 6-8 weeks (weighing, 20-25 g) were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n=6). The nude mice in the ovariectomized group were treated with ovariectomy. The nude mice in the high estrogen group and the normal estrogen group only made the same incision to enter the peritoneum without ovariectomy. The nude mice in the high estrogen group were given the estradiol (0.2 mg/g) every 3 days for 30 days. The other two groups were given the same amount of PBS every 3 days. At 30 days after operation, the tail vein blood of nude mice in 3 groups were detected by estradiol ELISA kit, and the free fat (0.3 mL) donated by the females was injected into the sub-scalp of nude mice. After 8 weeks of fat grafting, the samples were taken for gross observation and weighing, and the prepared slices were stained with HE staining, CD31-perilipin fluorescence staining, immunohistochemical staining of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), and immunofluorescence staining of estrogen receptor α. The diameter of adipocytes and vascular density of adipose tissue were measured. The mRNA expressions of UCP1 and estrogen receptor α were detected by realtime fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Results All nude mice survived during experiment. ELISA test showed that the concentration of estradiol significantly decreased in the ovariectomized group and increased in the high estrogen group compared with the normal estrogen group ( P<0.05). At 8 weeks after fat grafting, the graft volume from large to small was ovariectomized group, normal estrogen group, and high estrogen group. There was significant difference in wet weight between the ovariectomized group and high estrogen group ( P<0.05). Section staining showed that compared with the normal estrogen group, the adipocytes in the ovariectomized group were larger, the expression of peri-lipoprotein was weaker, the vascular density decreased, and the expressions of UCP1 was negative, and the estrogen receptor α positive cells reduced. The above observation results in the high estrogen group were contrary to those in the ovariectomized group. There were significant differences in the diameter of adipocytes, the vascular density of adipose tissue, the number of the estrogen receptor α positive cells between groups ( P<0.05). The results of qRT-PCR showed that the mRNA expressions of UCP1 and estrogen receptor α significantly increased in the high estrogen group and decreased in the ovariectomized group compared with the normal estrogen group, and the differences were significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion The level of circulating estrogen has a significant effect on the outcome of free fat grafting in nude mice. Low estrogen level leads to hypertrophy of graft adipocytes, while high estrogen level leads to the production of a large amount of beige fat and high vascular density in fat grafts, which may be related to the activation of estrogen receptor α on adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang Jiangxi, 330006, P.R.China
| | - Yuanzheng Zhu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang Jiangxi, 330006, P.R.China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang Jiangxi, 330006, P.R.China
| | - Xuan Hu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang Jiangxi, 330006, P.R.China
| | - Yangyan Yi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang Jiangxi, 330006, P.R.China
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Abdulateef DS, Salih JM. Detection of C-Peptide in Scalp Hair of Healthy Adults. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:227-236. [PMID: 32099429 PMCID: PMC7006852 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s240785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The C-peptide level from blood and urine samples represents endogenous insulin secretion and has clinical implications for individuals with and without diabetes. However, the study results are inconsistent and the available methods can only measure short-term C-peptide levels, which can be substantially affected by concurrent glycaemia. In this study, we evaluated whether C-peptide can be detected from hair? Hair C-peptide if detected could potentially represent long-term, insulin secretion. And to know whether there is any correlation between hair C-peptide with certain biochemical and demographic parameters. METHODS In a prospective observational study on 120 normal healthy individuals, hair samples were taken from the scalp and C-peptide was extracted. The hair C-peptide levels were measured in pg/mg of hair using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLISA) after methanol extraction and were compared among different age and body-type groups. Serum C-peptide, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c were assessed and their levels were correlated with anthropometric parameters. RESULTS A detectable range of C-peptide was found in the hair samples of all the subjects with a median of 63.59 pg/mg hair and it was positively correlated with FPG but no significant correlation was found between hair C-peptide and serum C-peptide levels. The hair C-peptide level, along with FPG and HbA1c, was significantly different according to age. CONCLUSION These results conclude that C-peptide can be detected from and measured in the scalp hair of humans and it is positively correlated with FPG, and it is significantly different according to age. This technique, if validated, may verify its usefulness in future studies of both healthy and diseased subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya S Abdulateef
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Jamal M Salih
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
- Diabetes Physician, Diabetes and Endocrine Centre, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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Martínez-García MÁ, Ojeda-Ojeda M, Rodríguez-Martín E, Insenser M, Moncayo S, Álvarez-Blasco F, Luque-Ramírez M, Escobar-Morreale HF. TLR2 and TLR4 Surface and Gene Expression in White Blood Cells after Fasting and Oral Glucose, Lipid and Protein Challenges: Influence of Obesity and Sex Hormones. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010111. [PMID: 31936430 PMCID: PMC7023426 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied if macronutrients of the diet have different effects on leukocyte activation, and if these effects are influenced by sex hormones or obesity. We analyzed leukocyte cell surface and gene expression of toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2 and TLR4) during fasting and after macronutrient loads in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and female and male controls. Fasting TLR2 surface expression in neutrophils was higher in men than in women. Obese subjects presented higher TLR2 gene expression than nonobese individuals, particularly in men. In contrast, surface TLR4 expression was lower in men and in obese individuals. Postprandial cell-surface expression decreased similarly after all macronutrient loads. Neutrophil TLR2 decreased only in obese subjects whereas TLR4 showed a greater decrease in nonobese individuals. However, TLR2 gene expression increased after glucose ingestion and decreased during the lipid load, while TLR4 was induced in response to lipids and mostly to glucose. Postprandial TLR gene expression was not influenced by group of subjects or obesity. Both cell-surface and gene postprandial expression inversely correlated with their fasting levels. These responses suggest a transient compensatory response aiming to prevent postprandial inflammation. However, obesity and sex hormones showed opposite influences on surface expression of TLR2 and TLR4, but not on their gene expression, pointing to regulatory posttranscriptional mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ángeles Martínez-García
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal &Universidad de Alcalá &Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (M.O.-O.); (M.I.); (S.M.); (F.Á.-B.); (M.L.-R.)
| | - Miriam Ojeda-Ojeda
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal &Universidad de Alcalá &Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (M.O.-O.); (M.I.); (S.M.); (F.Á.-B.); (M.L.-R.)
| | | | - María Insenser
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal &Universidad de Alcalá &Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (M.O.-O.); (M.I.); (S.M.); (F.Á.-B.); (M.L.-R.)
| | - Samuel Moncayo
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal &Universidad de Alcalá &Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (M.O.-O.); (M.I.); (S.M.); (F.Á.-B.); (M.L.-R.)
| | - Francisco Álvarez-Blasco
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal &Universidad de Alcalá &Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (M.O.-O.); (M.I.); (S.M.); (F.Á.-B.); (M.L.-R.)
| | - Manuel Luque-Ramírez
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal &Universidad de Alcalá &Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (M.O.-O.); (M.I.); (S.M.); (F.Á.-B.); (M.L.-R.)
| | - Héctor F. Escobar-Morreale
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal &Universidad de Alcalá &Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (M.O.-O.); (M.I.); (S.M.); (F.Á.-B.); (M.L.-R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-3369164
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Leite CDMBA, Schieferdecker MEM, Frehner C, Munhoz RP, Ashizawa T, Teive HAG. Body composition in Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 and 10 patients: Comparative study with control group. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 23:49-54. [PMID: 29734917 PMCID: PMC6996146 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1469282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background: Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a group of neurodegenerative genetic diseases characterized by movement disorders that can affect nutritional status and body composition. This study sought to assess body composition in SCA3 and SCA10 patients. Methods: Anthropometric assessments and bioelectric impedance analysis were performed in 46 SCA3 and SCA10 patients and 76 controls of both genders. Results: Of the patients, 69.6% had SCA3 and 58.7% were women. SCA3 patients had significantly lower percentages of body fat (%BF) than controls (15.0 ± 6.1 vs. 20.6 ± 7.1; p=0.014) and (22.4 ± 6.9 vs. 30.1 ± 6.0; p<0.001), respectively. Among the women, there was a statistically significant difference in %BF between SCA3 and SCA10 patients (22.4 ± 6.9 vs. 32.4 ± 4.9; p<0.001). Male and female SCA3 patients had significantly lower fat-free mass (FFM) than controls [50.6 kg (46.9-54.7) vs. 58.6 kg (52.6-63.9); p=0.001] and [38.2 kg (35.1-42.6) vs. 42.8 kg (39.7-46.1); p=0.004], respectively. Male SCA10 patients also had lower FFM than controls [51.2 kg (47.1-55.4) vs. (52.6-63.9); p=0.008]. Female SCA10 patients had significantly higher FFM than controls and SCA3 patients [45.0 kg (43.3-45.6) vs. 42.8 kg (39.7-46.1); p=0.004] and [45.0 kg (43.3-45.6) vs. 38.2 kg (35.1-42.6); p=0.004], respectively. There was moderate correlation (-0.42) between disease duration and muscle mass (MM), and weak (-0.38) between SARA (Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia) and MM in SCA3. In SCA10, there was no significant correlation between these variables. Conclusion: Female SCA3 patients had more body composition changes than female SCA10 patients, mainly in relation to FFM. SCA3 and SCA10 patients need nutritional follow-up to minimize body compartment changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Caroline Frehner
- Multi-professional residence Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Renato P. Munhoz
- Toronto Western Hospital, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson’s Disease, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tetsuo Ashizawa
- Neuroscience Research Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hélio A. G. Teive
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
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Nattero-Chávez L, Alonso Díaz S, Jiménez-Mendiguchia L, García-Cano A, Fernández-Durán E, Dorado Avendaño B, Escobar-Morreale HF, Luque-Ramírez M. Sexual Dimorphism and Sex Steroids Influence Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:e175-e178. [PMID: 31530659 DOI: 10.2337/dc19-1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lía Nattero-Chávez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.,Diabetes, Obesity, and Human Reproduction Research Group, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Alonso Díaz
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana García-Cano
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Fernández-Durán
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Human Reproduction Research Group, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Dorado Avendaño
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Héctor F Escobar-Morreale
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.,Diabetes, Obesity, and Human Reproduction Research Group, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.,University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Luque-Ramírez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain .,Diabetes, Obesity, and Human Reproduction Research Group, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.,University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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Lonardo A, Nascimbeni F, Ballestri S, Fairweather D, Win S, Than TA, Abdelmalek MF, Suzuki A. Sex Differences in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: State of the Art and Identification of Research Gaps. Hepatology 2019; 70:1457-1469. [PMID: 30924946 PMCID: PMC6766425 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 557] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite tremendous research advancements in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), our understanding of sex differences in NAFLD remains insufficient. This review summarizes the current knowledge on sex differences in NAFLD, identifies gaps, and discusses important considerations for future research. The prevalence and severity of NAFLD are higher in men than in women during the reproductive age. However, after menopause, NAFLD occurs at a higher rate in women, suggesting that estrogen is protective. Sex differences also exist for the major risk factors of NAFLD. In general, animal models of NAFLD recapitulate the sex differences observed in patients, with more severe steatosis and steatohepatitis, more proinflammatory/profibrotic cytokines, and a higher incidence of hepatic tumors in male than female subjects. Based on computer modeling, female and male livers are metabolically distinct with unique regulators modulating sex-specific metabolic outcomes. Analysis of the literature reveals that most published clinical and epidemiological studies fail to examine sex differences appropriately. Considering the paucity of data on sex differences and the knowledge that regulators of pathways relevant to current therapeutic targets for NAFLD differ by sex, clinical trials should be designed to test drug efficacy and safety according to sex, age, reproductive stage (i.e., menopause), and synthetic hormone use. Conclusion: Sex differences do exist in the prevalence, risk factors, fibrosis, and clinical outcomes of NAFLD, suggesting that, while not yet incorporated, sex will probably be considered in future practice guidelines; adequate consideration of sex differences, sex hormones/menopausal status, age, and other reproductive information in clinical investigation and gene association studies of NAFLD are needed to fill current gaps and implement precision medicine for patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Lonardo
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - DeLisa Fairweather
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Sanda Win
- University of Southern California Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Tin A. Than
- University of Southern California Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Manal F. Abdelmalek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ayako Suzuki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham. North Carolina, USA,Corresponding author: Ayako Suzuki, MD, PhD, MSc, Gastroenterology, Duke University, 40 Duke Medicine Circle, Suite 03107, Durham, NC, 27710, TEL: 919-684-6211, FAX: 919-684-8857,
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Ryu Y, Kim SW, Kim YY, Ku SY. Animal Models for Human Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Focused on the Use of Indirect Hormonal Perturbations: A Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:2720. [PMID: 31163591 PMCID: PMC6600358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormonal disturbances, such as hyperandrogenism, are considered important for developing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in humans. Accordingly, directly hormone-regulated animal models are widely used for studying PCOS, as they replicate several key PCOS features. However, the pathogenesis and treatment of PCOS are still unclear. In this review, we aimed to investigate animal PCOS models and PCOS-like phenotypes in animal experiments without direct hormonal interventions and determine the underlying mechanisms for a better understanding of PCOS. We summarized animal PCOS models that used indirect hormonal interventions and suggested or discussed pathogenesis of PCOS-like features in animals and PCOS-like phenotypes generated in other animals. We presented integrated physiological insights and shared cellular pathways underlying the pathogenesis of PCOS in reviewed animal models. Our review indicates that the hormonal and metabolic changes could be due to molecular dysregulations, such as upregulated PI3K-Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signalling, that potentially cause PCOS-like phenotypes in the animal models. This review will be helpful for considering alternative animal PCOS models to determine the cellular/molecular mechanisms underlying PCOS symptoms. The efforts to determine the specific cellular mechanisms of PCOS will contribute to novel treatments and control methods for this complex syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjae Ryu
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.R.); (Y.Y.K.)
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Yoon Young Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.R.); (Y.Y.K.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Seung-Yup Ku
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.R.); (Y.Y.K.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea;
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Postprandial inflammatory responses after oral glucose, lipid and protein challenges: Influence of obesity, sex and polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:876-885. [PMID: 30975555 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Most evidence linking the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with chronic low-grade inflammation has been obtained in the fasting state. We have studied the postprandial inflammatory response to oral glucose, lipid and protein challenges and the possible influences of obesity, sex and PCOS on these responses. METHODS On alternate days, we submitted 17 women with PCOS (9 non-obese, 8 obese), 17 control women (9 non-obese, 8 obese) and 19 control men (10 non-obese, 9 obese) to isocaloric (300 Kcal) oral macronutrient loads. We assayed serum for TNF-α, IL-6, IL-18, IL-10, pentraxin-3 and galectin-3 concentrations and leukocytes for expression of TNF, IL6, IL10 and their receptors TNFRSF1B, IL6R and IL10RA. RESULTS Circulating IL-6 levels decreased after glucose and protein ingestion but slightly increased after oral lipid intake. Leukocyte IL6 expression did not change after the ingestion of any macronutrient yet IL6R expression increased during all macronutrient challenges, the largest increase being observed after glucose ingestion. Serum TNF-α similarly decreased during either macronutrient load, whereas TNF expression increased after macronutrient ingestion, the highest increase observed after oral glucose. TNFRSF1B expression also increased after glucose intake but not after lipid or protein ingestion. No global effect of obesity or group on postprandial circulating IL-6, TNF-α, or IL6, IL6R, TNF and TNFRSF1B expression was found. Circulating IL-18 concentrations decreased during all oral challenges, whereas in case of galectin-3 and pentraxin-3 only the protein load caused a reduction in its concentrations. Of the genes studied here, IL10 showed the largest increase in expression throughout all the postprandial curves, particularly after glucose. Obesity blunted the increase in IL10 expression. IL10RA expression decreased after glucose ingestion but remained unchanged during lipid and protein loads. CONCLUSIONS Glucose ingestion, as opposed to lipid and protein intake, results into the largest increase in leukocyte gene expression of inflammatory mediators. The expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10 was the largest observed here, suggesting a compensatory mechanisms against postprandial inflammation that may be blunted in obesity. However, these responses did not translate into the circulating concentrations of these inflammatory mediators during the immediate postprandial phase.
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Weger BD, Gobet C, Yeung J, Martin E, Jimenez S, Betrisey B, Foata F, Berger B, Balvay A, Foussier A, Charpagne A, Boizet-Bonhoure B, Chou CJ, Naef F, Gachon F. The Mouse Microbiome Is Required for Sex-Specific Diurnal Rhythms of Gene Expression and Metabolism. Cell Metab 2019; 29:362-382.e8. [PMID: 30344015 PMCID: PMC6370974 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock and associated feeding rhythms have a profound impact on metabolism and the gut microbiome. To what extent microbiota reciprocally affect daily rhythms of physiology in the host remains elusive. Here, we analyzed transcriptome and metabolome profiles of male and female germ-free mice. While mRNA expression of circadian clock genes revealed subtle changes in liver, intestine, and white adipose tissue, germ-free mice showed considerably altered expression of genes associated with rhythmic physiology. Strikingly, the absence of the microbiome attenuated liver sexual dimorphism and sex-specific rhythmicity. The resulting feminization of male and masculinization of female germ-free animals is likely caused by altered sexual development and growth hormone secretion, associated with differential activation of xenobiotic receptors. This defines a novel mechanism by which the microbiome regulates host metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Weger
- Department of Diabetes and Circadian Rhythms, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cédric Gobet
- Department of Diabetes and Circadian Rhythms, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jake Yeung
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eva Martin
- Department of Diabetes and Circadian Rhythms, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Jimenez
- Department of Diabetes and Circadian Rhythms, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bertrand Betrisey
- Cellular Metabolism, Department of Cell Biology, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francis Foata
- Host-Microbe Interaction, Department of Gastro-Intestinal Health, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Berger
- Host-Microbe Interaction, Department of Gastro-Intestinal Health, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Balvay
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Anne Foussier
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Aline Charpagne
- Genomics, Department of Multi-Omics, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte Boizet-Bonhoure
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS-Université de Montpellier UMR9002, 34396 Montpellier, France
| | - Chieh Jason Chou
- Host-Microbe Interaction, Department of Gastro-Intestinal Health, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Felix Naef
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Gachon
- Department of Diabetes and Circadian Rhythms, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Cornejo-Pareja I, Clemente-Postigo M, Tinahones FJ. Metabolic and Endocrine Consequences of Bariatric Surgery. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:626. [PMID: 31608009 PMCID: PMC6761298 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the most serious worldwide epidemics of the twenty-first century according to the World Health Organization. Frequently associated with a number of comorbidities, obesity threatens and compromises individual health and quality of life. Bariatric surgery (BS) has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment to achieve not only sustained weight loss but also significant metabolic improvement that goes beyond mere weight loss. The beneficial effects of BS on metabolic traits are so widely recognized that some authors have proposed BS as metabolic surgery that could be prescribed even for moderate obesity. However, most of the BS procedures imply malabsorption and/or gastric acid reduction which lead to nutrient deficiency and, consequently, further complications could be developed in the long term. In fact, BS not only affects metabolic homeostasis but also has pronounced effects on endocrine systems other than those exclusively involved in metabolic function. The somatotropic, corticotropic, and gonadal axes as well as bone health have also been shown to be affected by the various BS procedures. Accordingly, further consequences and complications of BS in the long term in systems other than metabolic system need to be addressed in large cohorts, taking into account each bariatric procedure before making generalized recommendations for BS. In this review, current data regarding these issues are summarized, paying special attention to the somatotropic, corticotropic, gonadal axes, and bone post-operative health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Cornejo-Pareja
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga—IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Málaga, Spain
| | - Mercedes Clemente-Postigo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga—IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Málaga, Spain
- *Correspondence: Mercedes Clemente-Postigo
| | - Francisco J. Tinahones
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga—IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Málaga, Spain
- Francisco J. Tinahones
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Abstract
Low plasma testosterone (T) levels correlated with metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, and increased mortality risk. T exerts a significant effect on the regulation of adipose tissue accumulation, and in the glucose and lipids metabolism. Adipocytes are the primary source of the most important adipokines responsible for inflammation and chronic diseases. This review aims to analyze the possible effect of T on the regulation of the proinflammatory cytokines secretion. A systematic literature search on MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Cochrane using the combination of the following keywords: “testosterone” with “inflammation,” “cytokines,” “adiponectin, CRP, IL-1B, IL-6, TNFα, leptin” was conducted. Sixteen articles related to the effect of low T level and 18 to the effect of T therapy on proinflammatory cytokine were found. T exerts a significant inhibitory effect on adipose tissue formation and the expression of various adipocytokines, such as leptin, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1, and is positively correlated with adiponectin level, whereas a low T level is correlated with increased expression of markers of inflammation. Further studies are necessary to investigate the role of T, integrated with weight loss and physical activity, on its action on the mechanisms of production and regulation of proinflammatory cytokines.
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Ávalos Y, Kerr B, Maliqueo M, Dorfman M. Cell and molecular mechanisms behind diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation and obesity. J Neuroendocrinol 2018; 30:e12598. [PMID: 29645315 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity (DIO) is associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation in the hypothalamus, a key regulator of energy homeostasis. Current studies have revealed the involvement of different cell types, as well as cell and molecular mechanisms, that contribute to diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation (DIHI) and DIO. Subsequent to the discovery that high-fat diet and saturated fatty acids increase the expression of hypothalamic cytokines prior to weight gain, research has focused on understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these changes, in addition to the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of obesity. Recent studies have proposed that the inhibition of pro-inflammatory pathways in microglia and astrocytes is sufficient to protect against DIHI and prevent obesity. In addition, impairment of intracellular and epigenetic mechanisms, such as hypothalamic autophagy and changes in the methylation pattern of certain genes, have been implicated in susceptibility to DIHI and DIO. Interestingly, a sexual dimorphism has been found during DIO in hypothalamic inflammation, glial activation and metabolic diseases, and recent data support an important role of sex steroids in DIHI. These new exciting findings uncover novel obesity pathogenic mechanisms and provide targets to develop therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ávalos
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - B Kerr
- Centro de Estudios Científicos, Valdivia, Chile
| | - M Maliqueo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Medicine West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Dorfman
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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47
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Leon S, Velasco I, Vázquez MJ, Barroso A, Beiroa D, Heras V, Ruiz-Pino F, Manfredi-Lozano M, Romero-Ruiz A, Sanchez-Garrido MA, Dieguez C, Pinilla L, Roa J, Nogueiras R, Tena-Sempere M. Sex-Biased Physiological Roles of NPFF1R, the Canonical Receptor of RFRP-3, in Food Intake and Metabolic Homeostasis Revealed by its Congenital Ablation in mice. Metabolism 2018; 87:87-97. [PMID: 30075164 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RF-amide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3), the mammalian ortholog of gonadotropin-inhibiting hormone, operates as inhibitory signal for the reproductive axis. Recently, RFRP-3 has been also suggested to stimulate feeding, and therefore might contribute to the control of body weight and its alterations. Yet, characterization of the metabolic actions of RFRP-3 has been so far superficial and mostly pharmacological. Here, we aim to investigate the physiological roles of RFRP-3 signaling in the control of feeding and metabolic homeostasis using a novel mouse model of genetic ablation of its canonical receptor, NPFF1R. METHODS Food intake, body weight gain and composition, and key metabolic parameters, including glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, were monitored in mice with constitutive inactivation of NPFF1R. RESULTS Congenital elimination of NPFF1R in male mice resulted in changes in feeding patterns, with a decrease in spontaneous food intake and altered responses to leptin and ghrelin: leptin-induced feeding suppression was exaggerated in NPFF1R null mice, whereas orexigenic responses to ghrelin were partially blunted. Concordant with this pro-anorectic phenotype, hypothalamic expression of Pomc was increased in NPFF1R null mice. In contrast, spontaneous feeding and neuropeptide expression remained unaltered in NPFF1R KO female mice. Despite propensity for reduced feeding, ablation of NPFF1R signaling in male mice did not cause overt alterations in body weight (BW) gain or composition, neither it affected BW responses to high fat diet (HFD), total energy expenditure or RQ ratios. Yet, NPFF1R KO males showed a decrease in locomotor activity. Conversely, NPFF1R null female mice tended to be heavier and displayed exaggerated BW increases in response to obesogenic insults, such as HFD or ovariectomy. These were associated to increased fat mass, decreased total energy expenditure in HFD, and unaltered RQ ratios or spontaneous locomotor activity. Finally, lack of NPFF1R signaling worsened the metabolic impact of HFD on glycemic homeostasis in males, as revealed by impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, while female mice remained unaffected. CONCLUSION Our data support a discernible orexigenic role of NPFF1R signaling selectively in males, which might modulate the effects of leptin and ghrelin on food intake. In addition, our study is the first to disclose the sex-biased, deleterious impact of the lack of NPFF1R signaling on body weight and fat composition, energy expenditure, locomotor activity and glucose balance, which exaggerates some of the metabolic consequences of concurrent obesogenic insults, such as HFD, in a sexually dimorphic manner. SUMMARY OF TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE Our data are the first to document the nature and magnitude of the regulatory actions of RFRP-3/NPFF1R signaling in the control of feeding and metabolic homeostasis in a physiological setting. Our results not only suggest an orexigenic action of endogenous RFRP-3, specifically in males, but reveal also the detrimental impact of ablation of NPFF1R signaling on body composition, energy expenditure, locomotor activity or glucose balance, especially when concurrent with other obesogenic insults, as HFD, thereby providing the first evidence for additional metabolic effects of RFRP-3, other that the mere control of feeding. Interestingly, alterations of such key metabolic parameters occurred in a sex-biased manner, with males being more sensitive to deregulation of locomotor activity and glycemic control, while females displayed clearer obesogenic responses and deregulated energy expenditure. While our study cannot discard the possibility of RFRP-3 actions via alternative pathways, such as NPFF2R, our data pave the way for future analyses addressing the eventual contribution of altered RFRP-3/NPFF1R signaling in the development of metabolic alterations (including obesity and its comorbidities), especially in conditions associated to reproductive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Leon
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Velasco
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Maria J Vázquez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Alexia Barroso
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Daniel Beiroa
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Violeta Heras
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Pino
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Maria Manfredi-Lozano
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Romero-Ruiz
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Miguel A Sanchez-Garrido
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Carlos Dieguez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Leonor Pinilla
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan Roa
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; FiDiPro Program, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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48
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Insenser M, Murri M, Del Campo R, Martínez-García MÁ, Fernández-Durán E, Escobar-Morreale HF. Gut Microbiota and the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Influence of Sex, Sex Hormones, and Obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:2552-2562. [PMID: 29897462 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-02799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Gut microbiota play a major role in health and disease by influencing physiology, metabolism, nutrition, and immune function. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the composition of gut microbiota in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), focusing on the influence of sex, sex hormones and obesity on the associations found. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Academic hospital. PARTICIPANTS We recruited 15 women with PCOS, 16 nonhyperandrogenic control women, and 15 control men. Participants were classified as nonobese (<30 kg/m2) or obese (≥30 kg/m2) according to their body mass index. INTERVENTIONS Standardization of diet for 3 consecutive days (at least 300 g of carbohydrates per day) followed by fecal sampling and a standard 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Analysis of bacterial abundance and composition of gut microbiota by massive sequencing of 16S ribosomal DNA amplicons in a MiSeq platform (Illumina). RESULTS α Bacterial diversity was reduced in women compared with men, and β diversity was reduced particularly in obese patients with PCOS. Women with PCOS presented with specific abnormalities in gut microbiota consisting of an increased abundance of the Catenibacterium and Kandleria genera. When all participants as a whole were considered, indexes of bacterial diversity and the abundance of several bacterial genera correlated positively with serum androgen concentrations and negatively with estradiol levels. CONCLUSIONS The diversity and composition of the gut microbiota of young adults are influenced by the combined effects of sex, sex hormone concentrations, and obesity, presenting with specific abnormalities in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Insenser
- Diabetes Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mora Murri
- Diabetes Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Del Campo
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Martínez-García
- Diabetes Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Fernández-Durán
- Diabetes Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Héctor F Escobar-Morreale
- Diabetes Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
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49
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Morford JJ, Wu S, Mauvais-Jarvis F. The impact of androgen actions in neurons on metabolic health and disease. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 465:92-102. [PMID: 28882554 PMCID: PMC5835167 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The male hormone testosterone exerts different effects on glucose and energy homeostasis in males and females. Testosterone deficiency predisposes males to visceral obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. However, testosterone excess predisposes females to similar metabolic dysfunction. Here, we review the effects of testosterone actions in the central nervous system on metabolic function in males and females. In particular, we highlight changes within the hypothalamus that control glucose and energy homeostasis. We distinguish the organizational effects of testosterone in the programming of neural circuitry during development from the activational effects of testosterone during adulthood. Finally, we explore potential sites where androgen might be acting to impact metabolism within the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie J Morford
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sheng Wu
- Department of Pediatrics and Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Franck Mauvais-Jarvis
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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50
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Steinberg N, Stern M, Tenenbaum S, Blankstein A, Zeev A, Siev-Ner I. Ultrasonography and clinical examination of knee injuries in pre- and post- menarche dancers. Res Sports Med 2018. [PMID: 29519163 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2018.1447474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating whether the prevalence of knee injuries and morphological features are different among pre-and-post menarche dancers; Sixty-seven pre-and-post menarche dancers were screened for anthropometric parameters; knee laxity; patella femoral pain syndrome (PFPS), pathologies and anatomical structure of the knees. Both groups showed a high and similar prevalence of PFPS. The post-menarche dancers produced a significantly higher rate of Tanner stages 3-4 (p = .010), greater weight (p < .001) higher BMI (p = .003); and, higher prevalence of MCL pathology, pes planus, and scoliosis compared with pre-menarche dancers (p < .05). The pre-menarche dancers started dance practice earlier (p = .008); and, showed significantly higher prevalence of lateral laxity, patellar laxity, positive Lachman test and positive Drawer test compared with post-menarche dancers (p < .05). Interactions (menarche yes/no by PFPS no/one leg/both legs) were found for BMI (p = .044; η2 = .187), trochlear cartilage thickness (p = .020; η2 = 0.121) and tip of patella - trochlear groove distance (p = .024; η2 = .150). Pre-and-post-menarche female dancers demonstrated similar prevalence of knee injuries, with different body morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nili Steinberg
- a The Wingate College of physical Education and Sports Sciences at the Wingate Institute , Netanya , Israel
| | - Myriam Stern
- b Department of Radiology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel hashomer, Israel. Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine , Tel Aviv University , Israel
| | - Shay Tenenbaum
- c Department of orthopedic surgery, Chaim Sheba medical center Tel-Hashomer, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Alexander Blankstein
- c Department of orthopedic surgery, Chaim Sheba medical center Tel-Hashomer, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Aviva Zeev
- a The Wingate College of physical Education and Sports Sciences at the Wingate Institute , Netanya , Israel
| | - Itzhak Siev-Ner
- d Orthopedic Rehabilitation Dept ., Sheba Medical Center , Tel-Hashomer , Israel
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