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Navas-Acien A, Mark DB, Anstrom K, Lamas GA. Response to Tomoyuki Kawada: Blood and urine metal levels in patients with diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Am Heart J 2024; 277:143-144. [PMID: 39242135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health New York, New York, NY.
| | - Daniel B Mark
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Kevin Anstrom
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Gervasio A Lamas
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach FL; Columbia University Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL
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McGraw KE, Schilling K, Glabonjat RA, Galvez-Fernandez M, Domingo-Relloso A, Martinez-Morata I, Jones MR, Nigra A, Post WS, Kaufman J, Tellez-Plaza M, Valeri L, Brown ER, Kronmal RA, Barr RG, Shea S, Navas-Acien A, Sanchez TR. Urinary Metal Levels and Coronary Artery Calcification: Longitudinal Evidence in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024:S0735-1097(24)07961-0. [PMID: 39297845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to metals, a newly recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), could be related to atherosclerosis progression. OBJECTIVES The authors hypothesized that higher urinary levels of nonessential (cadmium, tungsten, uranium) and essential (cobalt, copper, zinc) metals previously associated with CVD would be associated with baseline and rate of change of coronary artery calcium (CAC) progression, a subclinical marker of CVD in MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). METHODS We analyzed data from 6,418 MESA participants with spot urinary metal levels at baseline (2000-2002) and 1 to 4 repeated, continuous measures of CAC over a 10-year period. We used linear mixed-effect models to assess the association of baseline urinary metal levels with baseline CAC and cumulative change in CAC over a 10-year period. Urinary metals (μg/g creatinine) and CAC were log transformed. Models were adjusted for baseline sociodemographic factors, estimated glomerular filtration rate, lifestyle factors, and clinical factors. RESULTS At baseline, the median CAC was 6.3 (Q1-Q3: 0.7-58.2). Comparing the highest to lowest quartile of urinary cadmium, CAC levels were 51% (95% CI: 32%-74%) higher at baseline and 75% (95% CI: 47%-107%) higher over the 10-year period. For urinary tungsten, uranium, and cobalt, the corresponding CAC levels over the 10-year period were 45% (95% CI: 23%-71%), 39% (95% CI: 17%-64%), and 47% (95% CI: 25%-74%) higher, respectively, with no difference for models with and without adjustment for clinical factors. For copper and zinc, the corresponding estimates dropped from 55% to 33% and from 85% to 57%, respectively, after adjustment for clinical factors. The associations of metals with CAC were comparable in magnitude to those for classical CVD risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to metals was generally associated with extent of coronary calcification at baseline and follow-up. These findings support that metals are associated with the progression of atherosclerosis, potentially providing a novel strategy for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katlyn E McGraw
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Kathrin Schilling
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ronald A Glabonjat
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marta Galvez-Fernandez
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Arce Domingo-Relloso
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Irene Martinez-Morata
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Miranda R Jones
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anne Nigra
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Wendy S Post
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joel Kaufman
- Departments of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, Medicine, and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Maria Tellez-Plaza
- Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Linda Valeri
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Brown
- Departments of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, Medicine, and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Richard A Kronmal
- Departments of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, Medicine, and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - R Graham Barr
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Steven Shea
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tiffany R Sanchez
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
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Martinez-Morata I, Schilling K, Glabonjat RA, Domingo-Relloso A, Mayer M, McGraw K, Fernandez MG, Sanchez T, Nigra AE, Kaufman J, Vaidya D, Jones MR, Bancks MP, Barr R, Shimbo D, Post WS, Valeri L, Shea S, Navas-Acien A. Association of Urinary Metals With Cardiovascular Disease Incidence and All-Cause Mortality in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Circulation 2024; 150:758-769. [PMID: 39087344 PMCID: PMC11371385 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.124.069414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to metals has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) end points and mortality, yet prospective evidence is limited beyond arsenic, cadmium, and lead. In this study, we assessed the prospective association of urinary metals with incident CVD and all-cause mortality in a racially diverse population of US adults from MESA (the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). METHODS We included 6599 participants (mean [SD] age, 62.1 [10.2] years; 53% female) with urinary metals available at baseline (2000 to 2001) and followed through December 2019. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio and 95% CI of CVD and all-cause mortality by baseline urinary levels of cadmium, tungsten, and uranium (nonessential metals), and cobalt, copper, and zinc (essential metals). The joint association of the 6 metals as a mixture and the corresponding 10-year survival probability was calculated using Cox Elastic-Net. RESULTS During follow-up, 1162 participants developed CVD, and 1844 participants died. In models adjusted by behavioral and clinical indicators, the hazard ratios (95% CI) for incident CVD and all-cause mortality comparing the highest with the lowest quartile were, respectively: 1.25 (1.03, 1.53) and 1.68 (1.43, 1.96) for cadmium; 1.20 (1.01, 1.42) and 1.16 (1.01, 1.33) for tungsten; 1.32 (1.08, 1.62) and 1.32 (1.12, 1.56) for uranium; 1.24 (1.03, 1.48) and 1.37 (1.19, 1.58) for cobalt; 1.42 (1.18, 1.70) and 1.50 (1.29, 1.74) for copper; and 1.21 (1.01, 1.45) and 1.38 (1.20, 1.59) for zinc. A positive linear dose-response was identified for cadmium and copper with both end points. The adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) for an interquartile range (IQR) increase in the mixture of these 6 urinary metals and the corresponding 10-year survival probability difference (95% CI) were 1.29 (1.11, 1.56) and -1.1% (-2.0, -0.05) for incident CVD and 1.66 (1.47, 1.91) and -2.0% (-2.6, -1.5) for all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS This epidemiological study in US adults indicates that urinary metal levels are associated with increased CVD risk and mortality. These findings can inform the development of novel preventive strategies to improve cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Martinez-Morata
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Kathrin Schilling
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Ronald A. Glabonjat
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Arce Domingo-Relloso
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Melanie Mayer
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Katlyn McGraw
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Marta Galvez Fernandez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Tiffany Sanchez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Anne E. Nigra
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Joel Kaufman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Miranda R. Jones
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michael P. Bancks
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - R.Graham Barr
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Daichi Shimbo
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Wendy S. Post
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Linda Valeri
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Steven Shea
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
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Specht AJ, Hoover C, Grier T. Portable x-ray fluorescence for bone lead measurement: Current approaches and future directions. Curr Environ Health Rep 2024; 11:443-451. [PMID: 38776000 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-024-00450-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Legacy lead exposures persist as a widespread problem. Blood lead is traditionally used for lead exposure surveillance; however, bone lead proves to be a cheaper, more accessible, and more revealing tool for surveillance that can be measured using portable x-ray fluorescence techniques. We outline how this approach excels for bone lead measurements. RECENT FINDINGS Portable XRF offers quick, non-invasive in vivo quantification of bone lead. Compared to traditional KXRF systems, pXRF is limited to cortical bone but allows for quicker and similar results. Current methodologies of lead exposure need re-evaluation as lead-related disease burden and trends are dependent on both cumulative and acute impacts. We examined the evolution of XRF techniques for measuring bone lead, comparing current methods with previous ones. We assessed their accuracy, identified limitations, and discussed potential advances in future techniques. Legacy lead exposures call for a revitalization of lead surveillance methods, and pXRF measurement of bone lead offers such a solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Specht
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Christian Hoover
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Harvard Injury Control Research Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Grier
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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An DW, Yu YL, Hara A, Martens DS, Yang WY, Cheng YB, Huang QF, Asayama K, Stolarz-Skrzypek K, Rajzer M, Verhamme P, Nawrot TS, Li Y, Staessen JA. Lead-associated mortality in the US 1999-2020: a time-stratified analysis of a national cohort. J Hypertens 2024; 42:1322-1330. [PMID: 38511337 PMCID: PMC11216377 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We undertook time-stratified analyses of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the US to assess time trends (1999-2020) in the associations of blood lead (BL) with blood pressure, mortality, the BL-associated population attributable fraction (PAF). METHODS Vital status of participants, 20-79 years old at enrolment, was ascertained via the National Death Index. Regressions, mediation analyses and PAF were multivariable adjusted and standardized to 2020 US Census data. RESULTS In time-stratified analyses, BL decreased from 1.76 μg/dl in 1999-2004 to 0.93 μg/dl in 2017-2020, while the proportion of individuals with BL < 1 μg/dl increased from 19.2% to 63.0%. Total mortality was unrelated to BL (hazard ratio (HR) for a fourfold BL increment: 1.05 [95% confidence interval, CI: 0.93-1.17]). The HR for cardiovascular death was 1.44 (1.01-2.07) in the 1999-2000 cycle, but lost significance thereafter. BL was directly related to cardiovascular mortality, whereas the indirect BL pathway via BP was not significant. Low socioeconomic status (SES) was directly related to BL and cardiovascular mortality, but the indirect SES pathway via BL lost significance in 2007-2010. From 1999-2004 to 2017-2020, cardiovascular PAF decreased ( P < 0.001) from 7.80% (0.17-14.4%) to 2.50% (0.05-4.68%) and number of lead-attributable cardiovascular deaths from 53 878 (1167-99 253) to 7539 (160-14 108). CONCLUSION Due to implementation of strict environmental policies, lead exposure is no longer associated with total mortality, and the mildly increased cardiovascular mortality is not associated with blood lead via blood pressure in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Wei An
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Non-Profit Research Association Alliance for the Promotion of Preventive Medicine
- Research Unit Environment and Health, KU Leuven Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yu-Ling Yu
- Non-Profit Research Association Alliance for the Promotion of Preventive Medicine
- Research Unit Environment and Health, KU Leuven Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Azusa Hara
- Division of Drug Development and Regulatory Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Japan
| | - Dries S. Martens
- Center for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Wen-Yi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Bang Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Fang Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kei Asayama
- Non-Profit Research Association Alliance for the Promotion of Preventive Medicine
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katarzyna Stolarz-Skrzypek
- First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Rajzer
- First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Peter Verhamme
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences
| | - Tim S. Nawrot
- Research Unit Environment and Health, KU Leuven Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jan A. Staessen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Non-Profit Research Association Alliance for the Promotion of Preventive Medicine
- Biomedical Sciences Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Gerzen OP, Potoskueva IK, Tzybina AE, Myachina TA, Nikitina LV. Cardiac Myosin and Thin Filament as Targets for Lead and Cadmium Divalent Cations. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:1273-1282. [PMID: 39218024 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924070095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Lead and cadmium are heavy metals widely distributed in the environment and contribute significantly to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Using Leadmium Green dye, we have shown that lead and cadmium enter cardiomyocytes, distributing throughout the cell. Using an in vitro motility assay, we have shown that sliding velocity of actin and native thin filaments over myosin decreases with increasing concentrations of Pb2+ and Cd2+. Significantly lower concentrations of Pb2+ and Cd2+ (0.6 mM) were required to stop sliding of thin filaments over myosin compared to the stopping actin sliding over the same myosin (1.1-1.6 mM). Lower concentration of Cd2+ (1.1 mM) needed to stop actin sliding over myosin compared to the Pb2++Cd2+ combination (1.3 mM) and lead alone (1.6 mM). There were no differences found in the effects of lead and cadmium cations on relative force developed by myosin heads or number of actin filaments bound to myosin. Sliding velocity of actin over myosin in the left atrium, right and left ventricles changed equally when exposed to the same dose of the same metal. Thus, we have demonstrated for the first time that Pb2+ and Cd2+ can directly affect myosin and thin filament function, with Cd2+ exerting a more toxic influence on myosin function compared to Pb2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana P Gerzen
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, 620078, Russia.
| | - Iulia K Potoskueva
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, 620078, Russia
| | - Alena E Tzybina
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, 620078, Russia
| | - Tatiana A Myachina
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, 620078, Russia
| | - Larisa V Nikitina
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, 620078, Russia
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Bowles NP, He Y, Huang YH, Stecker EC, Seixas A, Thosar SS. Cardiovascular disease risk: it is complicated, but race and ethnicity are key, a Bayesian network analysis. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1364730. [PMID: 38915752 PMCID: PMC11194318 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1364730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Despite the complexity of cardiovascular disease etiology, we do not fully comprehend the interactions between non-modifiable factors (e.g., age, sex, and race) and modifiable risk factors (e.g., health behaviors and occupational exposures). Objective We examined proximal and distal drivers of cardiovascular disease and elucidated the interactions between modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Methods We used a machine learning approach on four cohorts (2005-2012) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data to examine the effects of risk factors on cardiovascular risk quantified by the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and the Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE). We estimated a network of risk factors, computed their strength centrality, closeness, and betweenness centrality, and computed a Bayesian network embodied in a directed acyclic graph. Results In addition to traditional factors such as body mass index and physical activity, race and ethnicity and exposure to heavy metals are the most adjacent drivers of PCE. In addition to the factors directly affecting PCE, sleep complaints had an immediate adverse effect on FRS. Exposure to heavy metals is the link between race and ethnicity and FRS. Conclusion Heavy metal exposures and race/ethnicity have similar proximal effects on cardiovascular disease risk as traditional clinical and lifestyle risk factors, such as physical activity and body mass. Our findings support the inclusion of diverse racial and ethnic groups in all cardiovascular research and the consideration of the social environment in clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole P. Bowles
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Yimin He
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Yueng-hsiang Huang
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Eric C. Stecker
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Azizi Seixas
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Saurabh S. Thosar
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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8
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Sagheer U, Al-Kindi S, Abohashem S, Phillips CT, Rana JS, Bhatnagar A, Gulati M, Rajagopalan S, Kalra DK. Environmental Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease: Part 2 of 2: Soil, Water, and Other Forms of Pollution. JACC. ADVANCES 2024; 3:100815. [PMID: 38939394 PMCID: PMC11198458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2023.100815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
With a growing body of evidence that now links environmental pollution to adverse cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes, pollution has emerged as an important risk factor for CVD. There is thus an urgent need to better understand the role of pollution in CVD, key pathophysiological mechanisms, and to raise awareness among health care providers, the scientific community, the general population, and regulatory authorities about the CV impact of pollution and strategies to reduce it. This article is part 2 of a 2-part state-of-the-art review on the topic of pollution and CVD-herein we discuss major environmental pollutants and their effects on CVD, highlighting pathophysiological mechanisms, and strategies to reduce CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Sagheer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Sadeer Al-Kindi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shady Abohashem
- Divison of Cardiovascular Imaging, Radiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Colin T. Phillips
- Department of Cardiology, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine, USA
| | - Jamal S. Rana
- The Permanente Medical Group, Department of Cardiology, Oakland Medical Center, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Martha Gulati
- Department of Cardiology, Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Dinesh K. Kalra
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Lieberman‐Cribbin W, Li Z, Lewin M, Ruiz P, Jarrett JM, Cole SA, Kupsco A, O'Leary M, Pichler G, Shimbo D, Devereux RB, Umans JG, Navas‐Acien A, Nigra AE. The Contribution of Declines in Blood Lead Levels to Reductions in Blood Pressure Levels: Longitudinal Evidence in the Strong Heart Family Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e031256. [PMID: 38205795 PMCID: PMC10926826 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic lead exposure is associated with both subclinical and clinical cardiovascular disease. We evaluated whether declines in blood lead were associated with changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adult American Indian participants from the SHFS (Strong Heart Family Study). METHODS AND RESULTS Lead in whole blood was measured in 285 SHFS participants in 1997 to 1999 and 2006 to 2009. Blood pressure and measures of cardiac geometry and function were obtained in 2001 to 2003 and 2006 to 2009. We used generalized estimating equations to evaluate the association of declines in blood lead with changes in blood pressure; cardiac function and geometry measures were considered secondary. Mean blood lead was 2.04 μg/dL at baseline. After ≈10 years, mean decline in blood lead was 0.67 μg/dL. In fully adjusted models, the mean difference in systolic blood pressure comparing the highest to lowest tertile of decline (>0.91 versus <0.27 μg/dL) in blood lead was -7.08 mm Hg (95% CI, -13.16 to -1.00). A significant nonlinear association between declines in blood lead and declines in systolic blood pressure was detected, with significant linear associations where blood lead decline was 0.1 μg/dL or higher. Declines in blood lead were nonsignificantly associated with declines in diastolic blood pressure and significantly associated with declines in interventricular septum thickness. CONCLUSIONS Declines in blood lead levels in American Indian adults, even when small (0.1-1.0 μg/dL), were associated with reductions in systolic blood pressure. These findings suggest the need to further study the cardiovascular impacts of reducing lead exposures and the importance of lead exposure prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wil Lieberman‐Cribbin
- Department of Environmental Health SciencesColumbia University Mailman School of Public HealthNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Zheng Li
- Office of Capacity Development and Applied Prevention Science, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease RegistryAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Michael Lewin
- Office of Community Health and Hazard Assessment, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease RegistryAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Patricia Ruiz
- Office of Innovation and Analytics, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease RegistryAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Jeffery M. Jarrett
- Division for Laboratory SciencesCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Shelley A. Cole
- Population Health ProgramTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Allison Kupsco
- Department of Environmental Health SciencesColumbia University Mailman School of Public HealthNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Marcia O'Leary
- Missouri Breaks Research Industries Research, Inc.Eagle ButteSDUSA
| | - Gernot Pichler
- Department of CardiologyKarl Landsteiner Institute for Cardiovascular and Critical Care Research, Clinic FloridsdorfViennaAustria
| | - Daichi Shimbo
- Division of CardiologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | | | - Jason G. Umans
- MedStar Health Research InstituteHyattsvilleMDUSA
- Georgetown‐Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational ScienceWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Ana Navas‐Acien
- Department of Environmental Health SciencesColumbia University Mailman School of Public HealthNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Anne E. Nigra
- Department of Environmental Health SciencesColumbia University Mailman School of Public HealthNew YorkNYUSA
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10
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McGraw KE, Schilling K, Glabonjat RA, Galvez-Fernandez M, Domingo-Relloso A, Martinez-Morata I, Jones MR, Post WS, Kaufman J, Tellez-Plaza M, Valeri L, Brown ER, Kronmal RA, Barr GR, Shea S, Navas-Acien A, Sanchez TR. Urinary Metal Levels and Coronary Artery Calcification: Longitudinal Evidence in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.10.31.23297878. [PMID: 37961623 PMCID: PMC10635251 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.31.23297878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective Growing evidence indicates that exposure to metals are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We hypothesized that higher urinary levels of metals with prior evidence of an association with CVD, including non-essential (cadmium , tungsten, and uranium) and essential (cobalt, copper, and zinc) metals are associated with baseline and rate of change of coronary artery calcium (CAC) progression, a subclinical marker of atherosclerotic CVD. Methods We analyzed data from 6,418 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) with spot urinary metal levels at baseline (2000-2002) and 1-4 repeated measures of spatially weighted coronary calcium score (SWCS) over a ten-year period. SWCS is a unitless measure of CAC highly correlated to the Agatston score but with numerical values assigned to individuals with Agatston score=0. We used linear mixed effect models to assess the association of baseline urinary metal levels with baseline SWCS, annual change in SWCS, and SWCS over ten years of follow-up. Urinary metals (adjusted to μg/g creatinine) and SWCS were log transformed. Models were progressively adjusted for baseline sociodemographic factors, estimated glomerular filtration rate, lifestyle factors, and clinical factors. Results At baseline, the median and interquartile range (25th, 75th) of SWCS was 6.3 (0.7, 58.2). For urinary cadmium, the fully adjusted geometric mean ratio (GMR) (95%Cl) of SWCS comparing the highest to the lowest quartile was 1.51 (1.32, 1.74) at baseline and 1.75 (1.47, 2.07) at ten years of follow-up. For urinary tungsten, uranium, and cobalt the corresponding GMRs at ten years of follow-up were 1.45 (1.23, 1.71), 1.39 (1.17, 1.64), and 1.47 (1.25, 1.74), respectively. For copper and zinc, the association was attenuated with adjustment for clinical risk factors; GMRs at ten years of follow-up before and after adjustment for clinical risk factors were 1.55 (1.30, 1.84) and 1.33 (1.12, 1.58), respectively, for copper and 1.85 (1.56, 2.19) and 1.57 (1.33, 1.85) for zinc. Conclusion Higher levels of cadmium, tungsten, uranium, cobalt, copper, and zinc, as measured in urine, were associated with subclinical CVD at baseline and at follow-up. These findings support the hypothesis that metals are pro-atherogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katlyn E. McGraw
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Science, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032
| | - Kathrin Schilling
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Science, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032
| | - Ronald A. Glabonjat
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Science, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032
| | - Marta Galvez-Fernandez
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Science, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032
| | - Arce Domingo-Relloso
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032
| | - Irene Martinez-Morata
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Science, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032
| | - Miranda R. Jones
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore MD 21057
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, 615 N. Wolfe Street. Baltimore MD 212057
| | - Wendy S. Post
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore MD 21057
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, 615 N. Wolfe Street. Baltimore MD 212057
| | - Joel Kaufman
- University of Washington, Department of Medicine
| | - Maria Tellez-Plaza
- National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain, Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology
| | - Linda Valeri
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032
| | - Elizabeth R. Brown
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division
- University of Washington, Department of Biostatistics
| | | | - Graham R. Barr
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology
| | - Steven Shea
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Science, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032
| | - Tiffany R. Sanchez
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Science, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032
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11
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Larsen B, Sánchez-Triana E. Global health burden and cost of lead exposure in children and adults: a health impact and economic modelling analysis. Lancet Planet Health 2023; 7:e831-e840. [PMID: 37714172 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(23)00166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead exposure is a worldwide health risk despite substantial declines in blood lead levels following the leaded gasoline phase-out. For the first time, to our knowledge, we aimed to estimate the global burden and cost of intelligence quotient (IQ) loss and cardiovascular disease mortality from lead exposure. METHODS In this modelling study, we used country blood lead level estimates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. We estimated IQ loss (presented as estimated loss in IQ points with 95% CIs) in the global population of children younger than 5 years using the blood lead level-IQ loss function from an international pooled analysis. We estimated the cost of IQ loss, which was calculated only for the proportion of children expected to enter the labour force, as the present value of loss in lifetime income from the IQ loss (presented as cost in US dollars and percentage of gross domestic product with a range). We estimated cardiovascular deaths (with 95% CIs) due to lead exposure among people aged 25 years or older using a health impact model that captures the effect of lead exposure on cardiovascular disease mortality that is mediated through mechanisms other than hypertension. Finally, we used values of statistical life to estimate the welfare cost of premature mortality (presented as cost in US dollars and percentage of GDP). All estimates were calculated by World Bank income classification and region (for low-income and middle-income countries [LMICs] only) for 2019. FINDINGS We estimated that children younger than 5 years lost 765 million (95% CI 443-1098) IQ points and that 5 545 000 (2 305 000-8 271 000) adults died from cardiovascular disease in 2019 due to lead exposure. 729 million of the IQ points lost (95·3% of the total global IQ loss) and 5 004 000 (90·2% of total) cardiovascular disease deaths due to lead exposure occurred in LMICs. IQ loss in LMICs was nearly 80% higher than a previous estimate. Cardiovascular disease deaths were six times higher than the GBD 2019 estimate. The global cost of lead exposure was US$6·0 trillion (range 2·6-9·0) in 2019, which was equivalent to 6·9% (3·1-10·4) of the global gross domestic product. 77% (range 70-78) of the cost was the welfare cost of cardiovascular disease mortality, and 23% (22-30) was the present value of future income losses from IQ loss. INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest that global lead exposure has health and economic costs at par with PM2·5 air pollution. However, much work remains to improve the quality of blood lead level measurement data, especially in LMICs. FUNDING The Korea Green Growth Trust Fund and the World Bank's Pollution Management and Environmental Health Program.
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12
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McGraw KE, Nigra AE, Klett J, Sobel M, Oelsner EC, Navas-Acien A, Hu X, Sanchez TR. Blood and Urinary Metal Levels among Exclusive Marijuana Users in NHANES (2005-2018). ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:87019. [PMID: 37646523 PMCID: PMC10467359 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marijuana is the third most used drug in the world. OBJECTIVES Because the cannabis plant is a known scavenger of metals, we hypothesized that individuals who use marijuana will have higher metal biomarker levels compared with those who do not use. METHODS We combined data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2018) for n = 7,254 participants, classified by use: non-marijuana/non-tobacco, exclusive marijuana, exclusive tobacco, and dual marijuana and tobacco use. Five metals were measured in blood and 16 in urine using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; urinary metals were adjusted for urinary creatinine. RESULTS Participants reporting exclusive marijuana use compared with non-marijuana/non-tobacco use had statistically significantly higher mean cadmium levels in blood [1.22 μ g / L (95% CI: 1.11, 1.34); p < 0.001 ] and urine [1.18 μ g / g (95% CI: 1.0, 1.31); p = 0.004 ] and statistically significantly higher mean lead levels in blood [1.27 μ g / dL (95% CI: 1.07, 1.50); p = 0.006 ] and urine [1.21 μ g / g (95% CI: - 0.006 , 1.50); p = 0.058 ]. DISCUSSION Our results suggest marijuana is a source of cadmium and lead exposure. Research regarding cannabis use and cannabis contaminants, particularly metals, should be conducted to address public health concerns related to the growing number of cannabis users. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12074.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katlyn E. McGraw
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anne E. Nigra
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joshua Klett
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marisa Sobel
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Elizabeth C. Oelsner
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xin Hu
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tiffany R. Sanchez
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
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13
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Kong B, Chen Y, Cheng S, Ma H, Liu Q, Wang Y, Bai B, Liu F, Geng Q. Physical activity attenuates the association between blood cadmium exposure and cardiovascular disease: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2018. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:81008-81018. [PMID: 37310601 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27598-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Existing studies could not separate the effects of heavy metal exposure on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk from those caused by physical activity (PA). The possible interactive effect of heavy metal exposure and PA on the risk of CVD remains still unknown. We enrolled a total of 12,280 participants in 2007-2018 cycles of the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and discovered that both low blood concentrations of Cd and Pb were positively correlated with increased prevalence of CVD and subtypes, with a stronger association for blood Cd than Pb. Negative dose-response relationships between PA and the prevalence of CVD and subtypes were identified. Participants with inactive and active PA had lower risk of CVD than those having no PA, with multivariate adjusted ORs 0.8 (95% CI: 0.69, 0.94) and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.68, 0.85), respectively. The only evidence for negative interaction between regular PA and blood Cd concentrations was found with regard to the prevalence of CVD and subtypes, indicating that regular PA could well modify the adverse effect of blood Cd on CVD risk. We demonstrate for the first time to date that PA may have a beneficial effect against the hazardous impact of Cd exposure on elevated CVD risk, emphasizing the necessity to promote a healthy lifestyle with active PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kong
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangdong, 510006, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), South Medical University, Guangdong, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilin Chen
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangdong, 510006, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), South Medical University, Guangdong, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyao Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Huan Ma
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), South Medical University, Guangdong, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quanjun Liu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangdong, 510006, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), South Medical University, Guangdong, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), South Medical University, Guangdong, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingqing Bai
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangdong, 510006, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), South Medical University, Guangdong, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengyao Liu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangdong, 510006, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), South Medical University, Guangdong, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingshan Geng
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangdong, 510006, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), South Medical University, Guangdong, 510080, Guangzhou, China.
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14
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Disturbed Ratios between Essential and Toxic Trace Elements as Potential Biomarkers of Acute Ischemic Stroke. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061434. [PMID: 36986164 PMCID: PMC10058587 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are known to be two of the metal contaminants that pose the greatest potential threat to human health. The purpose of this research study was to compare the levels of toxic metals (Cd, Pb) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), with a control group in Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland. The study also aimed to assess the correlations between toxic metals and clinical data in AIS patients, and to assess the potential effect of smoking. Materials and methods: The levels of mineral components in the collected blood samples were assessed by means of atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Results: The Cd blood concentration was significantly higher in AIS patients as compared to the control group. We found that the molar ratios of Cd/Zn and Cd/Pb were significantly higher (p < 0.001; p < 0.001, respectively), when the molar ratios of Se/Pb, Se/Cd, and Cu/Cd were significantly lower (p = 0.01; p < 0.001; p < 0.001, respectively), in AIS patients as compared to control subjects. However, there were no considerable fluctuations in relation to the blood Pb concentration or molar ratios of Zn/Pb and Cu/Pb between our AIS patients and the control group. We also found that patients with internal carotid artery (ICA) atherosclerosis, particularly those with 20–50% ICA stenosis, had higher concentrations of Cd and Cd/Zn, but lower Cu/Cd and Se/Cd molar ratios. In the course of our analysis, we observed that current smokers among AIS patients had significantly higher blood-Cd concentrations, Cd/Zn and Cd/Pb molar ratios, and hemoglobin levels, but significantly lower HDL-C concentrations, Se/Cd, and Cu/Cd molar ratios. Conclusions: Our research has shown that the disruption of the metal balance plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AIS. Furthermore, our results broaden those of previous studies on the exposure to Cd and Pb as risk factors for AIS. Further investigations are necessary to examine the probable mechanisms of Cd and Pb in the onset of ischemic stroke. The Cd/Zn molar ratio may be a useful biomarker of atherosclerosis in AIS patients. An accurate assessment of changes in the molar ratios of essential and toxic trace elements could serve as a valuable indicator of the nutritional status and levels of oxidative stress in AIS patients. It is critical to investigate the potential role of exposure to metal mixtures in AIS, due to its public health implications.
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15
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Wang Q, Ma Y, Li Y, He Z, Feng B. Lead-induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis by inhibiting gap junction intercellular communication via modulating the PKCα/Cx43 signaling pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 376:110451. [PMID: 36925031 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the regulatory mechanism of Pb regulates gap junction intercellular communication to induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells. METHODS H9c2 cell line is used as the research object in this study, and treated with different concentrations of Pb acetate. Subsequently, Cell viability was measured by the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase (AST) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) in the supernatants were measured using respective commercial enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Western blot was used to detect the expression of apoptosis-related protein in H9c2 cells in each group. Quantitative RT-PCR Analysis Total RNA was extracted from frozen H9c2 cells using Trizol reagent, the PKCα and Cx43 in the supernatant of H9c2 cells was determined by the BCA protein detection kit. RESULTS H9c2 cells increased release of cardiac enzymes (LDH, AST, and CK-MB) and decreased cell survival rate, and the Cx43, p-Cx43, PKCα and p-PKCα protein levels showed a dose-dependent decrease after Pb treatment. PKCα was activated with PMA, the relative expression level of Cx43 protein increased significantly, the expression of Bcl-2 increased and Bax and Cyt-c decreased compared with Pb exposure group, and the myocardial enzymes (LDH, AST, and CK-MB) in cell culture supernatant decreased compared with Pb exposure group, indicating that the degree of cell damage was alleviated. Results showed that Pb inhibited PKCα activity, decreased the expression of total Cx43 and P-Cx43 protein, and aggravated myocardial injury. CONCLUSIONS Pb decrease gap junction intercellular communication, which induce apoptosis in H9c2 cells by inhibiting the PKCα/Cx43 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ji'nan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yinghua Ma
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Li
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen He
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, 250062, Shandong, China; Shandong Province Hospital of Occupational Diseases, Ji'nan, 250002, Shandong, China.
| | - Bin Feng
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, 250062, Shandong, China.
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16
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Laouali N, Benmarhnia T, Lanphear BP, Oulhote Y. Associations with Blood Lead and Urinary Cadmium Concentrations in Relation to Mortality in the US Population: A Causal Survival Analysis with G-Computation. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11020133. [PMID: 36851008 PMCID: PMC9966985 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Using the parametric g-formula, we estimated the 27-year risk of all-cause and specific causes of mortality under different potential interventions for blood lead (BLLs) and urinary cadmium (UCd) levels. We used data on 14,311 adults aged ≥20 years enrolled in the NHANES-III between 1988 and 1994 and followed up through 31 Dec 31 2015. Time and cause of death were determined from the National Death Index records. We used the parametric g-formula with pooled logistic regression models to estimate the relative and absolute risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality under different potential threshold interventions for BLLs and UCd concentrations. Median follow-up was 22.5 years. A total of 5167 (36%) participants died by the end of the study, including 1550 from cardiovascular diseases and 1135 from cancer. Increases in BLLs and creatinine-corrected UCd levels from the 5th to the 95th percentiles were associated with risk differences of 4.17% (1.54 to 8.77) and 6.22% (4.51 to 12.00) for all-cause mortality, 1.52% (0.09 to 3.74) and 1.06% (-0.57 to 3.50) for cardiovascular disease mortality, and 1.32% (-0.09 to 3.67) and 0.64% (-0.98 to 2.80) for cancer mortality, respectively. Interventions to reduce historical exposures to lead and cadmium may have prevented premature deaths, especially from cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Laouali
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA 95616, USA
- CESP UMR1018, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Tarik Benmarhnia
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bruce P. Lanphear
- Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Youssef Oulhote
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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17
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Li X, Zhao Y, Zhang D, Kuang L, Huang H, Chen W, Fu X, Wu Y, Li T, Zhang J, Yuan L, Hu H, Liu Y, Zhang M, Hu F, Sun X, Hu D. Development of an interpretable machine learning model associated with heavy metals' exposure to identify coronary heart disease among US adults via SHAP: Findings of the US NHANES from 2003 to 2018. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137039. [PMID: 36342026 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Limited information is available on the links between heavy metals' exposure and coronary heart disease (CHD). We aim to establish an efficient and explainable machine learning (ML) model that associates heavy metals' exposure with CHD identification. Our datasets for investigating the associations between heavy metals and CHD were sourced from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (US NHANES, 2003-2018). Five ML models were established to identify CHD by heavy metals' exposure. Further, 11 discrimination characteristics were used to test the strength of the models. The optimally performing model was selected for identification. Finally, the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) tool was used for interpreting the features to visualize the selected model's decision-making capacity. In total, 12,554 participants were eligible for this study. The best performing random forest classifier (RF) based on 13 heavy metals to identify CHD was chosen (AUC: 0.827; 95%CI: 0.777-0.877; accuracy: 95.9%). SHAP values indicated that cesium (1.62), thallium (1.17), antimony (1.63), dimethylarsonic acid (0.91), barium (0.76), arsenous acid (0.79), total arsenic (0.01) in urine, and lead (3.58) and cadmium (4.66) in blood positively contributed to the model, while cobalt (-0.15), cadmium (-2.93), and uranium (-0.13) in urine negatively contributed to the model. The RF model was efficient, accurate, and robust in identifying an association between heavy metals' exposure and CHD among US NHANES 2003-2018 participants. Cesium, thallium, antimony, dimethylarsonic acid, barium, arsenous acid, and total arsenic in urine, and lead and cadmium in blood show positive relationships with CHD, while cobalt, cadmium, and uranium in urine show negative relationships with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Department of Respirology and Allergy, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China; Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Kuang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Respirology and Allergy, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiling Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueru Fu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianze Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinli Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fulan Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xizhuo Sun
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongsheng Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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18
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BAÑERAS J, IGLESIES-GRAU J, TÉLLEZ-PLAZA M, ARRARTE V, BÁEZ-FERRER N, BENITO B, CAMPUZANO RUIZ R, CECCONI A, DOMÍNGUEZ-RODRÍGUEZ A, RODRÍGUEZ-SINOVAS A, UJUETA F, VOZZI C, LAMAS GA, NAVAS-ACIÉN A. [Environment and cardiovascular health: causes, consequences and opportunities in prevention and treatment]. Rev Esp Cardiol 2022; 75:1050-1058. [PMID: 36570815 PMCID: PMC9785336 DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2022.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The environment is a strong determinant of cardiovascular health. Environmental cardiology studies the contribution of environmental exposures with the aim of minimizing the harmful influences of pollution and promoting cardiovascular health through specific preventive or therapeutic strategies. The present review focuses on particulate matter and metals, which are the pollutants with the strongest level of scientific evidence, and includes possible interventions. Legislation, mitigation and control of pollutants in air, water and food, as well as environmental policies for heart-healthy spaces, are key measures for cardiovascular health. Individual strategies include the chelation of divalent metals such as lead and cadmium, metals that can only be removed from the body via chelation. The TACT (Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy, NCT00044213) clinical trial demonstrated cardiovascular benefit in patients with a previous myocardial infarction, especially in those with diabetes. Currently, the TACT2 trial (NCT02733185) is replicating the TACT results in people with diabetes. Data from the United States and Argentina have also shown the potential usefulness of chelation in severe peripheral arterial disease. More research and action in environmental cardiology could substantially help to improve the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi BAÑERAS
- Servei de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
| | - Josep IGLESIES-GRAU
- Centre ÉPIC and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canadá
| | - María TÉLLEZ-PLAZA
- Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Vicente ARRARTE
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, ISABIAL, Alicante, España
| | - Néstor BÁEZ-FERRER
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad Europea de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España
| | - Begoña BENITO
- Servei de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
| | - Raquel CAMPUZANO RUIZ
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Fundación de Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Madrid, España
| | - Alberto CECCONI
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, España
| | - Alberto DOMÍNGUEZ-RODRÍGUEZ
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad Europea de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España
| | - Antonio RODRÍGUEZ-SINOVAS
- Servei de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
| | - Francisco UJUETA
- Columbia University Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, Estados Unidos
| | - Carlos VOZZI
- Departamento de Cardiología, Instituto Vozzi, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Gervasio A. LAMAS
- Columbia University Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, Estados Unidos
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, Estados Unidos
| | - Ana NAVAS-ACIÉN
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Nueva York, Estados Unidos
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Kaur S, Garg N, Rubal R, Dhiman M. Correlative study on heavy metal-induced oxidative stress and hypertension among the rural population of Malwa Region of Punjab, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:90948-90963. [PMID: 35881282 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20850-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal-induced toxicity contributes to the progression of various metabolic disorders and possible mechanisms involved in disease progression are not well established. In this study, the correlation of heavy metal exposure and hypertension have been demonstrated. The results showed that in hypertensive subjects, the lipid profiles (triglycerides, LDL-C, HDL-C, and total cholesterol) and cardiac markers (CK-MB and LDH) were altered abruptly. As a consequence of heavy- induced oxidative stress, the oxidants (TBARS and protein carbonyls) and antioxidants (SOD, GSH, and TAC) were significantly increased and decreased, respectively in hypertension subjects. The concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and As) exceeded the permissible limits in hypertensive subjects. The Nrf-2 genotyping indicated that heavy metals may induce mutations at molecular level. The results of correlation analysis revealed that the heavy metals interact with cellular components and interfere with metabolic processes which then results in disturbed lipid profile, enhanced oxidative stress, and reduced antioxidant status. The current study systematically estimated the association of hair and nail heavy metal concentrations with hypertension among the population residing in the Malwa region of Punjab. The proposed study highlighted that heavy metals act as a silent risk factor in the hypertension progression in the population of Malwa region. Future studies are required to confirm current findings and further scrutinize the effect of heavy metals exposure in early adulthood, early, and late mid-life to develop metabolic complications such as hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhchain Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Neha Garg
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Rubal Rubal
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Monisha Dhiman
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
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20
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Bañeras J, Iglesies-Grau J, Téllez-Plaza M, Arrarte V, Báez-Ferrer N, Benito B, Campuzano Ruiz R, Cecconi A, Domínguez-Rodríguez A, Rodríguez-Sinovas A, Ujueta F, Vozzi C, Lamas GA, Navas-Acién A. Environment and cardiovascular health: causes, consequences and opportunities in prevention and treatment. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2022; 75:1050-1058. [PMID: 35931285 PMCID: PMC10266758 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2022.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The environment is a strong determinant of cardiovascular health. Environmental cardiology studies the contribution of environmental exposures with the aim of minimizing the harmful influences of pollution and promoting cardiovascular health through specific preventive or therapeutic strategies. The present review focuses on particulate matter and metals, which are the pollutants with the strongest level of scientific evidence, and includes possible interventions. Legislation, mitigation and control of pollutants in air, water and food, as well as environmental policies for heart-healthy spaces, are key measures for cardiovascular health. Individual strategies include the chelation of divalent metals such as lead and cadmium, metals that can only be removed from the body via chelation. The TACT (Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy, NCT00044213) clinical trial demonstrated cardiovascular benefit in patients with a previous myocardial infarction, especially in those with diabetes. Currently, the TACT2 trial (NCT02733185) is replicating the TACT results in people with diabetes. Data from the United States and Argentina have also shown the potential usefulness of chelation in severe peripheral arterial disease. More research and action in environmental cardiology could substantially help to improve the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Bañeras
- Servei de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Josep Iglesies-Grau
- Centre ÉPIC and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - María Téllez-Plaza
- Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Arrarte
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain
| | - Néstor Báez-Ferrer
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad Europea de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Begoña Benito
- Servei de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Raquel Campuzano Ruiz
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Fundación de Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Cecconi
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Domínguez-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad Europea de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Sinovas
- Servei de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Francisco Ujueta
- Columbia University Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, United States
| | - Carlos Vozzi
- Departamento de Cardiología, Instituto Vozzi, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Gervasio A Lamas
- Columbia University Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, United States; Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, United States
| | - Ana Navas-Acién
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Nueva York, United States.
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21
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Zhou N, Huang Y, Li M, Zhou L, Jin H. Trends in global burden of diseases attributable to lead exposure in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1036398. [PMID: 36504990 PMCID: PMC9727290 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1036398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lead hazards are ubiquitous in the environment, and lead exposure has been proved to damage human health. Nevertheless, there is limited data on the global burden of diseases attributable to lead exposure. In this study, we evaluated the temporal-spatial trend of disease burden caused by lead exposure in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Methods Based on Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019, deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and DALYs rate (ASDR) were estimated by region, country, sex and age. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to assess the temporal trends of ASMR and ASDR between 1990 and 2019. Results Global deaths increased from 0.53 (95% UI: 0.31, 0.77) to 0.90 (95% UI: 0.55, 1.29) million, and the number of DALYs increased from 16.02 (95% UI: 10.32, 22.17) to 21.68 (95% UI: 13.81, 30.30) million between 1990 and 2019. China, India and Bangladesh were top three countries with the largest number of deaths and DALYs in 2019. The ASMR (per 100,000 population) decreased from 14.47 (95% UI: 8.40, 21.43) to 11.48 (95% UI: 7.00, 16.49) with EAPC of -0.75 (95% UI: -0.87, -0.64), and the ASDR (per 100,000 population) decreased from 378.01 (95% UI: 240.55, 524.18) to 267.52 (95% UI: 170.57, 373.44) with EAPC of -1.19 (95% UI: -1.32, -1.07). Most of disease burden of lead exposure occurred in the men and elderly population. Stroke and ischemic heart disease were two key sources of disease burden of lead exposure. Also, a negative association between sociodemographic index (SDI) and disease burden of lead exposure was observed. Conclusions Lead exposure poses a significant disease burden globally, and is still a great threat to public health. Primary prevention measures of reducing lead exposure in the environment are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingma Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Jin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Hui Jin
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22
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The health effects of low blood lead level in oxidative stress as a marker, serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase level, in male steelworkers. Ann Occup Environ Med 2022; 34:e34. [PMID: 36544886 PMCID: PMC9748142 DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the association between lead exposure and serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γGT) levels as an oxidative stress marker in male steelworkers. Methods Data were collected during the annual health examination of workers in 2020. A total of 1,654 steelworkers were selected, and the variables for adjustment included the workers' general characteristics, lifestyle, and occupational characteristics. The association between the blood lead level (BLL) and serum γGT level was investigated by multiple linear and logistic regression analyses. The BLL and serum γGT values that were transformed into natural logarithms were used in multiple linear regression analysis, and the tertile of BLL was used in logistic regression analysis. Results The geometric mean of the participants' BLLs and serum γGT level was 1.36 μg/dL and 27.72 IU/L, respectively. Their BLLs differed depending on age, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, drinking status, shift work, and working period, while their serum γGT levels differed depending on age, BMI, smoking status, drinking status, physical activity, and working period. In multiple linear regression analysis, the difference in models 1, 2, and 3 was significant, obtaining 0.326, 0.176, and 0.172 (all: p < 0.001), respectively. In the multiple linear regression analysis stratified according to drinking status, BMI, and age, BLLs were positively associated with serum γGT levels. Regarding the logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio of the third BLL tertile in models 1, 2, and 3 (for having an elevated serum γGT level within the first tertile reference) was 2.74, 1.83, and 1.81, respectively. Conclusions BLL was positively associated with serum γGT levels in male steelworkers even at low lead concentrations (< 5 μg/dL).
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23
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Zhu K, Zhang Y, Lu Q, Geng T, Li R, Wan Z, Zhang X, Liu Y, Li L, Qiu Z, He M, Liu L, Pan A, Liu G. Associations of exposure to lead and cadmium with risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:76805-76815. [PMID: 35670945 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21273-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate the associations of lead and cadmium exposure with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The prospective cohort study included participants with T2D (n = 7420 for blood lead; n = 5113 for blood cadmium) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III and NHANES 1999-2014. Death outcomes were ascertained through linkage with the National Death Index records. The geometric mean (interquartile range) concentrations of blood lead and cadmium were 19.6 (11.8, 35.0) μg/L and 0.39 (0.21, 0.60) μg/L, respectively. During 72,279 and 37,017 person-years of followup, 2818 all-cause deaths (including 832 CVD deaths) for blood lead and 1237 all-cause deaths (including 319 CVD deaths) for blood cadmium were documented, respectively. Comparing extreme quartiles, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of all-cause mortality were 1.51 (1.25, 1.82) for blood lead (Ptrend < 0.001) and 1.58 (1.22, 2.03) for blood cadmium (Ptrend < 0.001); and the HRs (95% CIs) of CVD mortality were 2.27 (1.54, 3.34) for blood lead (Ptrend < 0.001) and 1.78 (1.04, 3.03) for blood cadmium (Ptrend = 0.07). In the joint analysis, compared with participants in the lowest tertiles of blood lead and cadmium, participants in the highest tertiles had a HR (95% CI) of 2.09 (1.35, 3.24) for all-cause mortality. Exposure to lead and cadmium alone or in combination was significantly associated with higher risk of mortality among patients with T2D. These findings imply that minimizing exposure to lead and cadmium may aid in the prevention of premature death among individuals with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuge Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Lu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Tingting Geng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xuena Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zixin Qiu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Meian He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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24
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Laouali N, Benmarhnia T, Oulhote Y. Potential benefits of joint hypothetical interventions on diet, lead, and cadmium on mortality in US adults. Environ Health 2022; 21:93. [PMID: 36195905 PMCID: PMC9533558 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00905-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies reported associations between high blood lead levels (BLLs) and urinary cadmium (UCd) concentrations and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. It is hypothesized that these associations are mediated by inflammation; therefore, adherence to an anti-inflammatory diet may mitigate these effects. We sought to estimate the potential effects of joint hypothetical interventions on metals levels and adherence to an anti-inflammatory diet or fruits and vegetables (FV) intake on the expected mortality distributions. METHODS We used data on 14,311 adults aged ≥ 20 years enrolled in the NHANES-III between 1988 and 1994 and followed up through Dec 31, 2015. We estimated daily FV servings and adherence to the dietary inflammatory index at baseline using 24-hour dietary recalls. Mortality was determined from the National Death Index records. We used the parametric g-formula with pooled logistic regression models to estimate the absolute risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality under different hypothetical interventions compared to the natural course (no intervention). RESULTS Overall, we observed a decreased mortality risk when intervening to lower metals levels or increasing adherence to an anti-inflammatory diet or the daily FV servings. The joint intervention to lower BLLs and UCd and increase the adherence to the anti-inflammatory diet had the strongest impact on cancer mortality risk (risk difference [RD] = -1.50% (-2.52% to -0.62%)) compared to the joint intervention only on metals levels RD= -0.97% (-1.89 to 0.70). The same pattern of associations was observed for the joint intervention to lower both metals and increased daily FV servings and cardiovascular diseases mortality risk. CONCLUSION Higher diet quality may constitute a complementary approach to the interventions to reduce exposures to cadmium and lead to further minimize their effects on mortality. A paradigm shift is required from a pollutant-focused only to a combination with a human-focused approach for primary prevention against these metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Laouali
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, USA.
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP): Exposome and Heredity team, Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U1018, Gustave Roussy Institute, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif Cedex, France.
| | - Tarik Benmarhnia
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Youssef Oulhote
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
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25
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Santamaria-Juarez C, Atonal-Flores F, Diaz A, Sarmiento-Ortega VE, Garcia-Gonzalez M, Aguilar-Alonso P, Lopez-Lopez G, Brambila E, Treviño S. Aortic dysfunction by chronic cadmium exposure is linked to multiple metabolic risk factors that converge in anion superoxide production. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:748-756. [PMID: 32067514 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1726403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The chronic exposure to Cadmium (Cd) constitute an risk to develop hypertension and cardiovascular diseases associated with the increase of oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigate the role of metabolic changes produced by exposure to Cd on the endothelial dysfunction via oxidative stress. METHODS Male Wistar rats were exposed to Cd (32.5-ppm) for 2-months. The zoometry and blood pressure were evaluated, also glucose and lipids profiles in serum and vascular reactivity evaluated in isolated aorta rings. RESULTS Rats exposed to Cd showed an increase of blood pressure and biochemical parameters similar to metabolic syndrome. Additionally, rats exposed to Cd showed a reduced relaxation in aortic rings, which was reversed after the addition of SOD and apocynin an inhibitor of NADPH. CONCLUSION The Cd-exposition induced hypertension and endothelial injury by that modifying the vascular relaxation and develop oxidative stress via NADPH oxidase, superoxide and loss nitric oxide bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Santamaria-Juarez
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry Science, University Autonomous of Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Fausto Atonal-Flores
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Autonomous of Puebla, The Volcano, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Diaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry Science, University Autonomous of Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Victor E Sarmiento-Ortega
- Laboratory of Chemical-Clinical Investigations, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Science, University Autonomous of Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Miguel Garcia-Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry Science, University Autonomous of Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Patricia Aguilar-Alonso
- Laboratory of Chemical-Clinical Investigations, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Science, University Autonomous of Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Lopez-Lopez
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry Science, University Autonomous of Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Brambila
- Laboratory of Chemical-Clinical Investigations, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Science, University Autonomous of Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Samuel Treviño
- Laboratory of Chemical-Clinical Investigations, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Science, University Autonomous of Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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Cardiovascular Mortality and Leaded Aviation Fuel: Evidence from Piston-Engine Air Traffic in North Carolina. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19105941. [PMID: 35627477 PMCID: PMC9140422 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Leaded fuel used by piston-engine aircraft is the largest source of airborne lead emissions in the United States. Previous studies have found higher blood lead levels in children living near airports where leaded aviation fuel is used. However, little is known about the health effects on adults. This study is the first to examine the association between exposure to aircraft operations that use leaded aviation fuel and adult cardiovascular mortality. We estimated the association between annual piston-engine air traffic and cardiovascular mortality among adults age 65 and older near 40 North Carolina airports during 2000 to 2017. We used several strategies to minimize the potential for bias due to omitted variables and confounding from other health hazards at airports, including coarsened exact matching, location-specific intercepts, and adjustment for jet-engine and other air traffic that does not use leaded fuel. Our findings are mixed but suggestive of adverse effects. We found higher rates of cardiovascular mortality within a few kilometers downwind of single- and multi-runway airports, though these results are not always statistically significant. We also found significantly higher cardiovascular mortality rates within a few kilometers and downwind of single-runway airports in years with more piston-engine air traffic. We did not consistently find a statistically significant association between cardiovascular mortality rates and piston-engine air traffic near multi-runway airports, where there was greater uncertainty in our measure of the distance between populations and aviation exposures. These results suggest that (i) reducing lead emissions from aviation could yield health benefits for adults, and (ii) more refined data are needed to obtain more precise estimates of these benefits. Subject Areas: Toxic Substances, Health, Epidemiology, Air Pollution, Ambient Air Quality. JEL codes: Q53, I18.
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Galvez-Fernandez M, Sanchez-Saez F, Domingo-Relloso A, Rodriguez-Hernandez Z, Tarazona S, Gonzalez-Marrachelli V, Grau-Perez M, Morales-Tatay JM, Amigo N, Garcia-Barrera T, Gomez-Ariza JL, Chaves FJ, Garcia-Garcia AB, Melero R, Tellez-Plaza M, Martin-Escudero JC, Redon J, Monleon D. Gene-environment interaction analysis of redox-related metals and genetic variants with plasma metabolic patterns in a general population from Spain: The Hortega Study. Redox Biol 2022; 52:102314. [PMID: 35460952 PMCID: PMC9048061 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Limited studies have evaluated the joint influence of redox-related metals and genetic variation on metabolic pathways. We analyzed the association of 11 metals with metabolic patterns, and the interacting role of candidate genetic variants, in 1145 participants from the Hortega Study, a population-based sample from Spain. Methods Urine antimony (Sb), arsenic, barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo) and vanadium (V), and plasma copper (Cu), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) were measured by ICP-MS and AAS, respectively. We summarized 54 plasma metabolites, measured with targeted NMR, by estimating metabolic principal components (mPC). Redox-related SNPs (N = 291) were measured by oligo-ligation assay. Results In our study, the association with metabolic principal component (mPC) 1 (reflecting non-essential and essential amino acids, including branched chain, and bacterial co-metabolism versus fatty acids and VLDL subclasses) was positive for Se and Zn, but inverse for Cu, arsenobetaine-corrected arsenic (As) and Sb. The association with mPC2 (reflecting essential amino acids, including aromatic, and bacterial co-metabolism) was inverse for Se, Zn and Cd. The association with mPC3 (reflecting LDL subclasses) was positive for Cu, Se and Zn, but inverse for Co. The association for mPC4 (reflecting HDL subclasses) was positive for Sb, but inverse for plasma Zn. These associations were mainly driven by Cu and Sb for mPC1; Se, Zn and Cd for mPC2; Co, Se and Zn for mPC3; and Zn for mPC4. The most SNP-metal interacting genes were NOX1, GSR, GCLC, AGT and REN. Co and Zn showed the highest number of interactions with genetic variants associated to enriched endocrine, cardiovascular and neurological pathways. Conclusions Exposures to Co, Cu, Se, Zn, As, Cd and Sb were associated with several metabolic patterns involved in chronic disease. Carriers of redox-related variants may have differential susceptibility to metabolic alterations associated to excessive exposure to metals. In a population-based sample, cobalt, copper, selenium, zinc, arsenic, cadmium and antimony exposures were related to some metabolic patterns. Carriers of redox-related variants displayed differential susceptibility to metabolic alterations associated to excessive metal exposures. Cobalt and zinc showed a number of statistical interactions with variants from genes sharing biological pathways with a role in chronic diseases. The metabolic impact of metals combined with variation in redox-related genes might be large in the population, given metals widespread exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Galvez-Fernandez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Madrid, Spain; Integrative Epidemiology Group, Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sanchez-Saez
- Institute for Biomedical Research, Hospital Clinic of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; Department of Statistics and Operational Research, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Arce Domingo-Relloso
- Integrative Epidemiology Group, Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Department of Statistics and Operational Research, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Zulema Rodriguez-Hernandez
- Integrative Epidemiology Group, Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sonia Tarazona
- Applied Statistics and Operations Research and Quality Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vannina Gonzalez-Marrachelli
- Institute for Biomedical Research, Hospital Clinic of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Grau-Perez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Institute for Biomedical Research, Hospital Clinic of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; Department of Statistics and Operational Research, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose M Morales-Tatay
- Institute for Biomedical Research, Hospital Clinic of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; Department of Pathology University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nuria Amigo
- Biosfer Teslab, Reus, Spain; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University Rovira I Virgili, Reus, Spain; Center for Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Tamara Garcia-Barrera
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Jose L Gomez-Ariza
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - F Javier Chaves
- Institute for Biomedical Research, Hospital Clinic of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; Center for Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Barbara Garcia-Garcia
- Institute for Biomedical Research, Hospital Clinic of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; Center for Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Melero
- Institute for Biomedical Research, Hospital Clinic of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Tellez-Plaza
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Integrative Epidemiology Group, Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Institute for Biomedical Research, Hospital Clinic of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Juan C Martin-Escudero
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Josep Redon
- Institute for Biomedical Research, Hospital Clinic of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Monleon
- Institute for Biomedical Research, Hospital Clinic of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; Department of Pathology University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research Network on Frailty and Health Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
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Yadav SK, Patil GP, Virmagami A, Bijalwan V, Devi K, Chauhan A, Gupta SK, Fathima S, Naorem CD, Yadav S, Singh G, Mishra S, Bishnoi M, Sarkar K, Singh DP. Occupational lead exposure is an independent modulator of hypertension and poor pulmonary functions: A cross-sectional comparative study in lead-acid battery recycling workers. Toxicol Ind Health 2022; 38:139-150. [PMID: 35230206 DOI: 10.1177/07482337221076248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Blood lead level (BLL) is the primary biomarker for lead-exposure monitoring in occupationally exposed workers. We evaluated occupational lead-exposure (OE) impact on cardiopulmonary functions in lead-acid battery recycling unit workers. Seventy-six OE cases and 30 control subjects were enrolled for questionnaire-based socio-demographic, dietary, tobacco usage, and medical history data. Anthropometric measurements, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), and pulmonary function tests were performed. Venous blood was collected for BLL, hematological analysis, and biochemical analysis. OE caused a significant increase in BLL, SBP, DBP, and small airways obstruction in lung function tests. It also impaired platelet indices, affected renal and liver biochemical measurements, and promoted oxidative stress and DNA damage. Multilinear regression analysis suggested that BLL affected SBP (β = 0.314, p = .034) and increased small airways obstruction (FEV1/FVC, β = -0.37, p = .05; FEV25-75%, β = -0.351, p = .016). Higher BLL appears to be an independent modulator of hypertension and poor pulmonary function upon occupational lead exposure in lead-acid battery recyclers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv K Yadav
- 28993ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, GJ, India
| | - Gajanan P Patil
- 28993ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, GJ, India
| | - Ankit Virmagami
- 28993ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, GJ, India
| | - Vandana Bijalwan
- 28993ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, GJ, India
| | - Kirti Devi
- 127373National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, PB, India
| | - Aakriti Chauhan
- 127373National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, PB, India
| | - Sanjeev K Gupta
- 28993ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, GJ, India
- Nutrition Division, ICMR Headquarters, ICMR Campus II (CNRT), New Delhi, India
| | - Shabarin Fathima
- 28993ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, GJ, India
| | - Chaoba D Naorem
- 28993ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, GJ, India
| | - Suresh Yadav
- 28993ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, GJ, India
- ICMR-National Institute for Implementation Research on Non-communicable Disease, Jodhpur, RJ, India
| | - Gyanendra Singh
- 28993ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, GJ, India
| | - SukhDev Mishra
- 28993ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, GJ, India
| | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- 127373National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, PB, India
| | - Kamalesh Sarkar
- 28993ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, GJ, India
| | - Dhirendra P Singh
- 28993ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, GJ, India
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW With cardiovascular disease (CVD) being the top cause of deaths worldwide, it is important to ensure healthy cardiovascular aging through enhanced understanding and prevention of adverse health effects exerted by external factors. This review aims to provide an updated understanding of environmental influences on cardiovascular aging, by summarizing epidemiological and mechanistic evidence for the cardiovascular health impact of major environmental stressors, including air pollution, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), metals, and climate change. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies generally support positive associations of exposure to multiple chemical environmental stressors (air pollution, EDCs, toxic metals) and extreme temperatures with increased risks of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in the population. Environmental stressors have also been associated with a number of cardiovascular aging-related subclinical changes including biomarkers in the population, which are supported by evidence from relevant experimental studies. The elderly and patients are the most vulnerable demographic groups to majority environmental stressors. Future studies should account for the totality of individuals' exposome in addition to single chemical pollutants or environmental factors. Specific factors most responsible for the observed health effects related to cardiovascular aging remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shaowei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Cadmium Exposure in Young Adulthood Is Associated with Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Midlife. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:689-696. [PMID: 33630217 PMCID: PMC8843233 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-06869-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have suggested that cadmium (Cd) may be involved in the etiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but available data in human is sparse. AIMS We aimed to examine Cd exposure in young adulthood in relation to prevalent NAFLD in midlife among American adults. METHODS This study included 2446 participants from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study with toenail Cd measurement at exam year 2 (baseline) and computed tomography quantification of liver fat at exam year 25. Toenail Cd concentrations were considered as a reliable marker of long-term exposure. NAFLD was defined if liver attenuation < 51 Hounsfield units after excluding other possible causes of liver fat. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio of NAFLD by Cd exposure. RESULTS Median toenail Cd concentration was 8.2 ppb (inter-quartile range 4.3-18.6 ppb). After 23 years from baseline, 580 participants with prevalent NAFLD (24% prevalence) in midlife were identified. Compared with individuals in the lowest quartile, those in the highest quartile of toenail Cd had a significantly higher odds of NAFLD (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.99, P for trend: 0.04) after adjustment for demographics, socioeconomics, major lifestyle factors, and baseline levels of body mass index, lipids, and fasting insulin. The association was not significantly modified by race, sex, BMI, or smoking status at baseline. CONCLUSIONS Toenail Cd concentration was associated with a higher odds of prevalent NAFLD23 years later in life in this cohort of US general population.
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31
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Ahmadi M, Lanphear B. The impact of clinical and population strategies on coronary heart disease mortality: an assessment of Rose's big idea. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:14. [PMID: 34991551 PMCID: PMC8734316 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease (CHD), the leading cause of death worldwide, has declined in many affluent countries but it continues to rise in industrializing countries. OBJECTIVE To quantify the relative contribution of the clinical and population strategies to the decline in CHD mortality in affluent countries. DESIGN Meta-analysis of cross-sectional and prospective studies. DATA SOURCES PubMed and Web of Science from January 1, 1970 to December 31, 2019. METHOD We combined and analyzed data from 22 cross-sectional and prospective studies, representing 500 million people, to quantify the relative decline in CHD mortality attributable to the clinical strategy and population strategy. RESULT The population strategy accounted for 48% (range = 19 to 73%) of the decline in CHD deaths and the clinical strategy accounted for 42% (range = 25 to 56%), with moderate inconsistency of results across studies. CONCLUSION Since 1970, a larger fraction of the decline in CHD deaths in industrialized countries was attributable to reduction in CHD risk factors than medical care. Population strategies, which are more cost-effective than clinical strategies, are under-utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Ahmadi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Bruce Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada.
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Grau-Perez M, Caballero-Mateos MJ, Domingo-Relloso A, Navas-Acien A, Gomez-Ariza JL, Garcia-Barrera T, Leon-Latre M, Soriano-Gil Z, Jarauta E, Cenarro A, Moreno-Franco B, Laclaustra M, Civeira F, Casasnovas JA, Guallar E, Tellez-Plaza M. Toxic Metals and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Carotid, Femoral, and Coronary Vascular Territories: The Aragon Workers Health Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 42:87-99. [PMID: 34879710 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies evaluating the association of metals with subclinical atherosclerosis are mostly limited to carotid arteries. We assessed individual and joint associations of nonessential metals exposure with subclinical atherosclerosis in 3 vascular territories. Approach and Results: One thousand eight hundred seventy-three Aragon Workers Health Study participants had urinary determinations of inorganic arsenic species, barium, cadmium, chromium, antimony, titanium, uranium, vanadium, and tungsten. Plaque presence in carotid and femoral arteries was determined by ultrasound. Coronary Agatston calcium score ≥1 was determined by computed tomography scan. Median arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, antimony, titanium, uranium, vanadium, and tungsten levels were 1.83, 1.98, 0.27, 1.18, 0.05, 9.8, 0.03, 0.66, and 0.23 μg/g creatinine, respectively. The adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) for subclinical atherosclerosis presence in at least one territory was 1.25 (1.03-1.51) for arsenic, 1.67 (1.22-2.29) for cadmium, and 1.26 (1.04-1.52) for titanium. These associations were driven by arsenic and cadmium in carotid, cadmium and titanium in femoral, and titanium in coronary territories and mostly remained after additional adjustment for the other relevant metals. Titanium, cadmium, and antimony also showed positive associations with alternative definitions of increased coronary calcium. Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression analysis simultaneously evaluating metal associations suggested an interaction between arsenic and the joint cadmium-titanium exposure. CONCLUSIONS Our results support arsenic and cadmium and identify titanium and potentially antimony as atherosclerosis risk factors. Exposure reduction and mitigation interventions of these metals may decrease cardiovascular risk in individuals without clinical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grau-Perez
- Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain (M.G.-P., M.J.C.-M., M.T.-P.).,Department of Preventive Medicine and Microbiology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain (M.G.-P., M.T.-P.).,Department of Statistics and Operational Research, University of Valencia, Spain (M.G.-P., A.D.-R.)
| | - Maria J Caballero-Mateos
- Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain (M.G.-P., M.J.C.-M., M.T.-P.)
| | - Arce Domingo-Relloso
- Department of Statistics and Operational Research, University of Valencia, Spain (M.G.-P., A.D.-R.).,Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institutes, Madrid, Spain (A.D.-R., M.T.-P.).,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.D.-R., A.N.-A.)
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.D.-R., A.N.-A.)
| | - Jose L Gomez-Ariza
- Research Center on Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Spain (J.L.G.-A., T.G.-B.)
| | - Tamara Garcia-Barrera
- Research Center on Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Spain (J.L.G.-A., T.G.-B.)
| | - Montse Leon-Latre
- CIBERCV (M.L.-L., E.J., A.C., M.L., F.C., J.A.C.).,Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Aragon (M.L.-L., Z.S.-G., E.J., A.C., B.M.-F., M.L., F.C., J.A.C.)
| | - Zoraida Soriano-Gil
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Aragon (M.L.-L., Z.S.-G., E.J., A.C., B.M.-F., M.L., F.C., J.A.C.).,Department of Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology, and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, Spain (Z.S.-G., B.M.-F.)
| | - Estibaliz Jarauta
- CIBERCV (M.L.-L., E.J., A.C., M.L., F.C., J.A.C.).,Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Aragon (M.L.-L., Z.S.-G., E.J., A.C., B.M.-F., M.L., F.C., J.A.C.).,Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain, and University of Zaragoza, Spain (E.J., B.M.-F., M.L., F.C., J.A.C.)
| | - Ana Cenarro
- CIBERCV (M.L.-L., E.J., A.C., M.L., F.C., J.A.C.).,Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Aragon (M.L.-L., Z.S.-G., E.J., A.C., B.M.-F., M.L., F.C., J.A.C.).,Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (A.C.)
| | - Belen Moreno-Franco
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Aragon (M.L.-L., Z.S.-G., E.J., A.C., B.M.-F., M.L., F.C., J.A.C.).,Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain, and University of Zaragoza, Spain (E.J., B.M.-F., M.L., F.C., J.A.C.).,Department of Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology, and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, Spain (Z.S.-G., B.M.-F.)
| | - Martin Laclaustra
- CIBERCV (M.L.-L., E.J., A.C., M.L., F.C., J.A.C.).,Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Aragon (M.L.-L., Z.S.-G., E.J., A.C., B.M.-F., M.L., F.C., J.A.C.).,Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain, and University of Zaragoza, Spain (E.J., B.M.-F., M.L., F.C., J.A.C.)
| | - Fernando Civeira
- CIBERCV (M.L.-L., E.J., A.C., M.L., F.C., J.A.C.).,Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Aragon (M.L.-L., Z.S.-G., E.J., A.C., B.M.-F., M.L., F.C., J.A.C.).,Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain, and University of Zaragoza, Spain (E.J., B.M.-F., M.L., F.C., J.A.C.)
| | - Jose A Casasnovas
- CIBERCV (M.L.-L., E.J., A.C., M.L., F.C., J.A.C.).,Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Aragon (M.L.-L., Z.S.-G., E.J., A.C., B.M.-F., M.L., F.C., J.A.C.).,Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain, and University of Zaragoza, Spain (E.J., B.M.-F., M.L., F.C., J.A.C.)
| | - Eliseo Guallar
- Departments of Epidemiology (E.G.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Medicine (E.G.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Maria Tellez-Plaza
- Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain (M.G.-P., M.J.C.-M., M.T.-P.).,Department of Preventive Medicine and Microbiology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain (M.G.-P., M.T.-P.).,Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institutes, Madrid, Spain (A.D.-R., M.T.-P.).,Environmental Health and Engineering (M.T.-P.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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Qin Z, Li H, Xu Y, Li J, Su B, Liao R. Higher Blood Lead Level Is Associated With Increased Likelihood of Abdominal Aortic Calcification. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:747498. [PMID: 34722678 PMCID: PMC8551720 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.747498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the association between blood lead level (BLL) and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) in US adults aged ≥40 years. Methods: We obtained data from 2013 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants missing the data of BLL and AAC scores were excluded. BLL was measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry directly. AAC scores were quantified by Kauppila score system, and severe AAC was defined as AAC score >6. Weighted multivariable regression analysis and subgroup analysis were conducted to explore the independent relationship between BLL with AAC score and severe AAC. Results: A total of 1,530 participants were included with the mean BLL of 1.45 ± 1.31 ng/dl and mean AAC score of 1.40 ± 3.13. The prevalence of severe AAC was 7.98% overall, and participants in higher BLL quartile showed higher prevalence of severe AAC (Quartile 1: 3.55%, Quartile 2: 7.28%, Quartile 3: 9.88%, Quartile 4: 12.58%, P < 0.0001). BLL was positively associated with higher AAC score (β = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.27, P = 0.021) and increased risk of severe AAC (OR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.00–1.22; P = 0.047). Subgroup analysis and interaction test indicated that the association between BLL and AAC was similar in different population settings. Conclusions: Higher BLL was associated with higher AAC score and increased risk of severe AAC. Lead burden should be considered for people with AAC in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Qin
- Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Med+ Biomaterial Institute of West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hancong Li
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingfei Xu
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jiameng Li
- Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Med+ Biomaterial Institute of West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Baihai Su
- Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Med+ Biomaterial Institute of West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruoxi Liao
- Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Med+ Biomaterial Institute of West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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34
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Gerzen OP, Nabiev SR, Nikitina LV. Influence of Chronic Lead Intoxication on Functional Characteristics and Isoform Composition of Left Ventricular Myosin in the Rat Heart. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s002209302104013x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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Lin HC, Hao WM, Chu PH. Cadmium and cardiovascular disease: An overview of pathophysiology, epidemiology, therapy, and predictive value. Rev Port Cardiol 2021; 40:611-617. [PMID: 34392906 DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2021.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is a widely distributed toxic heavy metal that has been associated with many diseases including chronic renal dysfunction, osteomalacia, acute heart failure, secondary hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Although several studies have suggested that cadmium may affect multiple systems by inducing lipid per oxidation in cells and disturbing the antioxidant system, the mechanism by which cadmium affects the cardiovascular system remains unclear. Recent studies on heart failure and acute myocardial infarction have shown that cadmium has good predictive ability for mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease. In this study, we briefly review the role of cadmium in cardiovascular disease, which may prompt further studies to investigate the potential association between cadmium and mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chen Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Ming Hao
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pao-Hsien Chu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Association of Heavy Metals with Overall Mortality in a Taiwanese Population. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062070. [PMID: 34204322 PMCID: PMC8235372 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown links between heavy metals and many health issues. However, data on the association between heavy metals and mortality in the general population are still limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between heavy metals and overall mortality in the general population. We enrolled 2497 participants (1001 males and 1496 females) living in southern Taiwan, and measured levels of seven heavy metals: lead (Pb) in blood and cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn) and arsenic (As) in urine. The median follow-up period was 41.8 (4-50) months, during which 40 (1.6%) patients died. Compared to the participants who survived, those who died had higher urine Cd, higher urine Cu and lower urine Mn levels. Multivariate analysis showed that high urine Cd (per 1 μg/L; hazard ratio [HR], 1.352; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.089-1.680; p = 0.006), high urine Cu (per 1 μg/dL; HR, 1.350; 95% CI, 1.151-1.583; p < 0.001), and low urine Mn (per 1 μg/L; HR, 0.717; 95% CI, 0.557-0.923; p = 0.010) were associated with increased overall mortality. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that high levels of urine Cd and Cu and low urine Mn level were associated with increased overall mortality in the general population.
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37
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Bede-Ojimadu O, Orish CN, Bocca B, Ruggieri F, Frazzoli C, Orisakwe OE. Trace elements exposure and risk in age-related eye diseases: a systematic review of epidemiological evidence. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2021; 39:293-339. [PMID: 34114934 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2021.1916331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to evaluate existing evidence on the associations between trace elements exposure and age-related eye diseases. PubMed and Google scholar databases were searched for epidemiological and postmortem studies on the relationship between exposure to trace elements and Age-related eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), cataract, glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy (DR), in population groups aged 40 years and above. Available evidence suggests that cadmium (Cd) exposure may be positively associated with the risks of AMD and cataract. There is also evidence that exposure to lead (Pb) may be positively associated with higher risk of cataract and glaucoma. There is limited number of relevant studies and lack of prospective studies for most of the investigated associations. Evidence for other trace elements is weak and inconsistent, and the number of available studies is small. Likewise, there are very few relevant studies on the role of trace elements in DR. Chemical elements that affect the distribution and absorption of other trace elements have never been investigated. The suggestive but limited evidence motivates large and quality prospective studies to fully characterize the impact of exposure to trace (toxic and essential) elements on age-related eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onyinyechi Bede-Ojimadu
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Nigeria
| | - Chinna N Orish
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Beatrice Bocca
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Ruggieri
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Frazzoli
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Ageing, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Orish E Orisakwe
- African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers, Nigeria
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38
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Cadmium and cardiovascular disease: An overview of pathophysiology, epidemiology, therapy, and predictive value. Rev Port Cardiol 2021. [PMID: 34103231 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is a widely distributed toxic heavy metal that has been associated with many diseases including chronic renal dysfunction, osteomalacia, acute heart failure, secondary hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Although several studies have suggested that cadmium may affect multiple systems by inducing lipid per oxidation in cells and disturbing the antioxidant system, the mechanism by which cadmium affects the cardiovascular system remains unclear. Recent studies on heart failure and acute myocardial infarction have shown that cadmium has good predictive ability for mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease. In this study, we briefly review the role of cadmium in cardiovascular disease, which may prompt further studies to investigate the potential association between cadmium and mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease.
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39
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Lamas GA, Ujueta F, Navas-Acien A. Lead and Cadmium as Cardiovascular Risk Factors: The Burden of Proof Has Been Met. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e018692. [PMID: 33942628 PMCID: PMC8200701 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.018692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gervasio A Lamas
- Department of Medicine Mount Sinai Medical Center Miami Beach FL.,Columbia University Division of Cardiology Mount Sinai Medical CenterMiami Beach FL
| | - Francisco Ujueta
- Department of Medicine Mount Sinai Medical Center Miami Beach FL
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health New York NY
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Grau-Perez M, Voruganti VS, Balakrishnan P, Haack K, Goessler W, Franceschini N, Redón J, Cole SA, Navas-Acien A, Tellez-Plaza M. Genetic variation and urine cadmium levels: ABCC1 effects in the Strong Heart Family Study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 276:116717. [PMID: 33640655 PMCID: PMC8026674 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Genetic effects are suspected to influence cadmium internal dose. Our objective was to assess genetic determinants of urine cadmium in American Indian adults participating in the Strong Heart Family Study (SHFS). Urine cadmium levels and genotyped short tandem repeat (STR) markers were available on 1936 SHFS participants. We investigated heritability, including gene-by-sex and smoking interactions, and STR-based quantitative trait locus (QTL) linkage, using a variance-component decomposition approach, which incorporates the genetic information contained in the pedigrees. We also used available single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from Illumina's Metabochip and custom panel to assess whether promising QTLs associated regions could be attributed to SNPs annotated to specific genes. Median urine cadmium levels were 0.44 μg/g creatinine. The heritability of urine cadmium concentrations was 28%, with no evidence of gene-by-sex or -smoking interaction. We found strong statistical evidence for a genetic locus at chromosome 16 determining urine cadmium concentrations (Logarithm of odds score [LOD] = 3.8). Among the top 20 associated SNPs in this locus, 17 were annotated to ABCC1 (p-values from 0.0002 to 0.02), and attenuated the maximum linkage peak by a ∼40%. Suggestive QTL signals (LOD>1.9) in chromosomes 2, 6, 11, 14, and 19, showed associated SNPs in the genes NDUFA10, PDE10A, PLEKHA7, BAZ1A and CHAF1A, respectively. Our findings support that urinary cadmium levels are heritable and influenced by a QTL on chromosome 16, which was explained by genetic variation in ABCC1. Studies with extended sets of genome-wide markers are needed to confirm these findings and to identify additional metabolism and toxicity pathways for cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grau-Perez
- Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health and Microbiology, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Statistics and Operational Research, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - V Saroja Voruganti
- Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Karin Haack
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Walter Goessler
- Institute of Chemistry - Analytical Chemistry, Karl-Franzens University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Josep Redón
- Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic of Valencia, University of Valencia, Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Shelley A Cole
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Tellez-Plaza
- Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health and Microbiology, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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41
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Wang T, Zhou YP, Sun Y, Zheng YX. Trends in Blood Lead Levels in the U.S. From 1999 to 2016. Am J Prev Med 2021; 60:e179-e187. [PMID: 33485723 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trends in blood lead levels in the same birth cohort (generation) are necessary to identify the lead load in the population. This analysis uses a nationally representative sample to investigate the trends in blood lead levels from 1999 to 2016 by birth cohort and to revisit the association between blood lead levels and age. METHODS Data from the 1996 to 2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were used to describe the distribution of blood lead levels. Trends in blood lead levels were analyzed using joinpoint regression models. Association of blood lead levels with age was conducted with both cross-sectional and birth cohort analysis. Analyses were conducted in 2020. RESULTS In total, 68,877 participants were included (weighted mean age=38.4 years, 50.6% female). From 1999 to 2016, the geometric mean of blood lead levels decreased from 1.68 µg/dL (95% CI=1.63, 1.74) to 0.82 µg/dL (95% CI=0.77, 0.87). The annual percentage change estimated by the joinpoint model was -4.26% (p<0.05). The associations between blood lead levels and age were "U"-shaped by cross-sectional analysis, with higher risks for the lowest and highest ages. However, by birth cohort analysis the blood lead levels declined monotonically with age. The joinpoint analysis indicated the inflection point of age 13-17 years and statistically significant differences in decline slopes before and after this age. CONCLUSIONS In this nationally representative study of the U.S. population, estimates of blood lead levels showed an overall decrease from 1999 to 2016. Blood lead levels are highest in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yun Ping Zhou
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yu Xin Zheng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cadmium has been recognized as a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We present a review of cadmium toxicity, its effect on cellular activities, and a summary of reported association between environmental cadmium exposure and CVD. We also discuss the possible therapeutic benefit of cadmium chelation. RECENT FINDINGS Experimental data suggest that cadmium affects several signaling pathways which may lead to endothelial dysfunction and vascular tissue damage, promoting atherosclerosis. This is further supported by epidemiological studies that have shown an association of even low-level cadmium exposure with an increased risk of clinical cardiovascular events. The Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy (TACT) provided inferential evidence for the cardiovascular benefit of treating toxic metal burden. However, at the present time, there is no direct evidence, but suggestive findings from clinical trials indicating that removal of cadmium from body stores may be associated with improved cardiovascular outcomes. An evolving body of evidence supports environmental cadmium exposure as a pro-atherosclerosis risk factor in CVD; however, the mechanisms for the proatherogenic effect of cadmium are still not completely understood. Further studies in translational toxicology are needed to fill the knowledge gaps regarding the molecular mechanisms of cadmium toxicity and the promotion of atherosclerosis.
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43
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Everson TM, Niedzwiecki MM, Toth D, Tellez-Plaza M, Liu H, Barr DB, Gribble MO. Metal biomarker mixtures and blood pressure in the United States: cross-sectional findings from the 1999-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Environ Health 2021; 20:15. [PMID: 33583418 PMCID: PMC7883578 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00695-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to identify conditional relationships between multiple metal biomarkers that predict systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the non-institutionalized United States adult population below the age of 60. METHODS We used inorganic exposure biomarker data and blood pressure data from three cycles (1999-2004) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to construct regression trees for blood pressure among adults ages 20-60 (adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, race, and smoking status) to identify predictors of systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). We also considered relationships among non-Hispanic black, Mexican-American, and white adults separately. RESULTS The following metal exposure biomarkers were conditionally predictive of SBP and/or DBP in the full sample: antimony (Sb), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), cesium (Cs), lead (Pb), tungsten (W) and molybdenum (Mo). The highest average SBP (> 120 mmHg) was observed among those with low Sb (≤ 0.21 μg/dL) high Cd (> 0.22 μg/g creatinine) and high Pb (> 2.55 μg/dL) biomarkers. Those with the highest average DBP had high urinary W levels (> 0.10 μg/g creatinine) in combination with either urinary Sb > 0.17 μg/g creatinine or those with urinary Sb ≤ 0.17 μg/g creatinine, but with high blood Pb levels (> 1.35 μg/dL). Predictors differed by ethnicity, with Cd as the main predictor of SBP among non-Hispanic black adults, and Pb not selected by the algorithm as a predictor of SBP among non-Hispanic white adults. CONCLUSIONS Combinations of metal biomarkers have different apparent relationships with blood pressure. Additional research in toxicological experimental models and in epidemiological studies is warranted to evaluate the suggested possible toxicological interactions between Sb, Cd, and Pb; and between W, Sb, and Pb; for cardiovascular (e.g., blood pressure) health. We also think future epidemiological research on inorganic exposure sets in relation to health outcomes like blood pressure might benefit from stratification by race and ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd M. Everson
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop 1518-002-2BB, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Megan M. Niedzwiecki
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Daniell Toth
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Office of Survey Methods Research, D. C, Washington, USA
| | | | - Haoran Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Dana B. Barr
- Laboratory for Exposure Assessment and Development for Environmental Research, Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Matthew O. Gribble
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop 1518-002-2BB, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop 1518-002-2BB, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
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44
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Wei J, Ji JS. Modification of vitamin B6 on the associations of blood lead levels and cardiovascular diseases in the US adults. BMJ Nutr Prev Health 2021; 3:180-187. [PMID: 33521527 PMCID: PMC7841818 DOI: 10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death in the US population. Lead exposure is an important risk factor of CVDs, as is associated with elevated homocysteine level and oxidative stress. We aim to examine whether vitamin B6, which has been shown to reduce homocysteine level, can modify the relationship between blood lead and the risk of CVDs. Methods Cross-sectional data on ever-report CVDs (congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, heart attack and stroke), blood lead level (BLL) and vitamin B6 in the form of plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate were obtained from US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2006 for adults≥20 years old. The association between CVDs and quartiles of BLL was estimated using multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for demographics factors, lifestyle variables, stress variables, comorbidities and CVD biomarkers (C reactive protein, homocysteine, cholesterol) and was stratified by vitamin B6 deficiency level (<20 nmol/L) and median value of vitamin B6 (42.5 nmol/L). Results Positive associations between BLL and CVDs only appeared in the vitamin B6 deficiency group, with quartile 2 to quartile 4 of BLL showing higher risk of CVDs (OR=3.1, 95% CI 0.9 to 10.6; OR=6.5, 95% CI 1.4 to 30.8; OR=5.5, 95% CI 1.4 to 21.7) compared with quartile 1. When stratified by median value of vitamin B6, a significant association between higher CVD risk with higher BLL was only observed in subjects with low vitamin B6 (p trend=0.004). Conclusions Vitamin B6 could modify the association between BLL and CVDs, which suggests a potential value of vitamin B6 in influencing the effects of lead exposure on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wei
- Environmental Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
| | - John S Ji
- Environmental Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China.,Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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45
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Li C, Shi L, Peng C, Yu G, Zhang Y, Du Z. Lead-induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis by inhibiting gap junction intercellular communication via autophagy activation. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 337:109331. [PMID: 33242459 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is one of the most common heavy metal contaminants in the environment. Pb can cause pathophysiological changes in several organ systems, including the cardiovascular system, but the molecular mechanism remains elusive. The study aimed to study the effects of Pb on Gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) and its role in Pb-induced apoptosis. The present study aims to determine whether Pb-induced autophagy promotes apoptosis of rat cardiac myocytes (H9c2 cells) by downregulating GJIC using CCK-8 Kit, scrape loading/dye transfer assay, Annexin V/PI assays, Western blot analysis and double-immunofluorescence experiments. The results showed that Pb elicited cytotoxicity in a time- and concentration-dependent manner and led to increased apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner in H9c2 cells. Pb also reduced GJIC in H9c2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner through the downregulation of connexin (Cx) 43. Inhibition of gap junctions by gap junction blocker carbenoxolone disodium (CBX) resulted in increased apoptosis. Furthermore, Pb increased autophagy in a concentration-dependent manner in H9c2 cells, decreasing the distribution of Cx43 on the cell membrane, and targeted Cx43 to autophagosome via light chain 3 (LC3). However, autophagy inhibitor 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) can slow down the downregulation of Cx43 induced by Pb in H9c2 cells. In conclusion, our results provide evidence that Pb-decreased GJIC promotes apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. This is probably because of the fact that Pb-induced autophagy exacerbates GJIC inhibition and downregulation of Cx43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China; Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, 250062, Shandong, China; Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4108, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gongchang Yu
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Yanshu Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China; Laboratory Animal Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China.
| | - Zhongjun Du
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, 250062, Shandong, China.
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46
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Hill-Briggs F, Adler NE, Berkowitz SA, Chin MH, Gary-Webb TL, Navas-Acien A, Thornton PL, Haire-Joshu D. Social Determinants of Health and Diabetes: A Scientific Review. Diabetes Care 2020; 44:dci200053. [PMID: 33139407 PMCID: PMC7783927 DOI: 10.2337/dci20-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 645] [Impact Index Per Article: 161.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Hill-Briggs
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nancy E Adler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Seth A Berkowitz
- Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Tiffany L Gary-Webb
- Departments of Epidemiology and Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Pamela L Thornton
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Debra Haire-Joshu
- The Brown School and The School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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47
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Brown L, Lynch M, Belova A, Klein R, Chiger A. Developing a Health Impact Model for Adult Lead Exposure and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:97005. [PMID: 32965128 PMCID: PMC7510336 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic pollutant. Evidence suggests it is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality. OBJECTIVES We present a rigorous approach for identifying concentration-response functions that relate adult Pb exposures to CVD mortality to inform a health impact model (HIM). We then use the model in a proof-of-concept example. METHODS Building on previously conducted government literature reviews and a de novo supplemental literature review, we compiled and evaluated the available data on Pb and CVD mortality in humans. We applied a set of predefined selection criteria to identify studies that would be most useful in understanding the impact of Pb exposure on CVD mortality risk in adults. Once we identified the studies, we derived a HIM and used each study's concentration-response function in a proof-of-concept example. RESULTS Our literature search identified 15 studies for full-text review. Of those 15 studies, 4 fit our criteria for use in the HIM. Using population and CVD mortality rates for 40- to 80-y-olds in 2014, we estimated that 34,000-99,000 deaths have been avoided due to the lowering of blood Pb levels from 1999 to 2014. Based on these values we estimated that approximately 16%-46% of the decreased CVD-related death rate from 1999 to 2014 may be attributable to decreased blood Pb levels. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that decreases in Pb exposure can result in large benefits for the adult population. We have provided a HIM that can be used in a variety of applications from burden-of-disease estimates to regulatory impact assessments and have demonstrated its sensitivity to the choice of concentration-response function. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6552.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Brown
- Division of Health and Environment, Abt Associates Inc., Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Meghan Lynch
- Division of Health and Environment, Abt Associates Inc., Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Anna Belova
- Abt Associates Inc., Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Ryan Klein
- Division of Health and Environment, Abt Associates Inc., Rockville, Maryland, USA
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Environmental racism and the need for private well protections. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:17476-17478. [PMID: 32641505 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011547117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Domingo-Relloso A, Riffo-Campos AL, Haack K, Rentero-Garrido P, Ladd-Acosta C, Fallin DM, Tang WY, Herreros-Martinez M, Gonzalez JR, Bozack AK, Cole SA, Navas-Acien A, Tellez-Plaza M. Cadmium, Smoking, and Human Blood DNA Methylation Profiles in Adults from the Strong Heart Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:67005. [PMID: 32484362 PMCID: PMC7265996 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epigenetic effects of individual environmental toxicants in tobacco remain largely unexplored. Cadmium (Cd) has been associated with smoking-related health effects, and its concentration in tobacco smoke is higher in comparison with other metals. OBJECTIVES We studied the association of Cd and smoking exposures with human blood DNA methylation (DNAm) profiles. We also evaluated the implication of findings to relevant methylation pathways and the potential contribution of Cd exposure from smoking to explain the association between smoking and site-specific DNAm. METHODS We conducted an epigenome-wide association study of urine Cd and self-reported smoking (current and former vs. never, and cumulative smoking dose) with blood DNAm in 790,026 CpGs (methylation sites) measured with the Illumina Infinium Human MethylationEPIC (Illumina Inc.) platform in 2,325 adults 45-74 years of age who participated in the Strong Heart Study in 1989-1991. In a mediation analysis, we estimated the amount of change in DNAm associated with smoking that can be independently attributed to increases in urine Cd concentrations from smoking. We also conducted enrichment analyses and in silico protein-protein interaction networks to explore the biological relevance of the findings. RESULTS At a false discovery rate (FDR)-corrected level of 0.05, we found 6 differentially methylated positions (DMPs) for Cd; 288 and 17, respectively, for current and former smoking status; and 77 for cigarette pack-years. Enrichment analyses of these DMPs displayed enrichment of 58 and 6 Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes gene sets, respectively, including biological pathways for cancer and cardiovascular disease. In in silico protein-to-protein networks, we observed key proteins in DNAm pathways directly and indirectly connected to Cd- and smoking-DMPs. Among DMPs that were significant for both Cd and current smoking (annotated to PRSS23, AHRR, F2RL3, RARA, and 2q37.1), we found statistically significant contributions of Cd to smoking-related DNAm. CONCLUSIONS Beyond replicating well-known smoking epigenetic signatures, we found novel DMPs related to smoking. Moreover, increases in smoking-related Cd exposure were associated with differential DNAm. Our integrative analysis supports a biological link for Cd and smoking-associated health effects, including the possibility that Cd is partly responsible for smoking toxicity through epigenetic changes. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6345.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arce Domingo-Relloso
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center of Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Karin Haack
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Pilar Rentero-Garrido
- Precision Medicine Unit, Institute for Biomedical Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Daniele M Fallin
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wan Yee Tang
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Juan R Gonzalez
- Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), National Center of Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anne K Bozack
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shelley A Cole
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maria Tellez-Plaza
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Institute for Biomedical Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center of Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
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Yang AM, Lo K, Zheng TZ, Yang JL, Bai YN, Feng YQ, Cheng N, Liu SM. Environmental heavy metals and cardiovascular diseases: Status and future direction. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2020; 6:251-259. [PMID: 33336170 PMCID: PMC7729107 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and environmental degradation are leading global health problems of our time. Recent studies have linked exposure to heavy metals to the risks of CVD and diabetes, particularly in populations from low- and middle-income countries, where concomitant rapid development occurs. In this review, we 1) assessed the totality, quantity, and consistency of the available epidemiological studies, linking heavy metal exposures to the risk of CVD (including stroke and coronary heart disease); 2) discussed the potential biological mechanisms underlying some tantalizing observations in humans; and 3) identified gaps in our knowledge base that must be investigated in future work. An accumulating body of evidence from both experimental and observational studies implicates exposure to heavy metals, in a dose-response manner, in the increased risk of CVD. The limitations of most existing studies include insufficient statistical power, lack of comprehensive assessment of exposure, and cross-sectional design. Given the widespread exposure to heavy metals, an urgent need has emerged to investigate these putative associations of environmental exposures, either independently or jointly, with incident CVD outcomes prospectively in well-characterized cohorts of diverse populations, and to determine potential strategies to prevent and control the impacts of heavy metal exposure on the cardiometabolic health outcomes of individuals and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Min Yang
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Centre for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Department of Epidemiology, Surgery, and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Kenneth Lo
- Centre for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Department of Epidemiology, Surgery, and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Tong-Zhang Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Jing-Li Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Ya-Na Bai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Ying-Qing Feng
- Department of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Ning Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Si-Min Liu
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Centre for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Department of Epidemiology, Surgery, and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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