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Li Z, Zhang J, You S, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Akram Z, Sun S. Pterostilbene upregulates MICA/B via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to enhance the capability of natural killer cells to kill cervical cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2024; 435:113933. [PMID: 38296018 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.113933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are triggered by the innate immune response in the tumor microenvironment. The extensive set of stimulating and inhibiting receptors mediates the target recognition of NK cells, and controls the strength of the effector reaction countering specific targeted cells. Yet, lacking major MHC (histocompatibility complex) MICA/B class I chain-related proteins on the membrane of tumor cells results in the failure of NK cell recognition and ability to resist NK cell destruction. Searching databases and molecular docking suggested that in cervical cancer, pterostilbene (3,5-dimethoxy-40-hydroxystilbene; PTS) in Vaccinium corymbosum extract could constrain PI3K/AKT signaling and improving the MICA/B expression. In flow cytometry, MTT assay, viability/cytotoxicity assay, and colony development assays, PTS reduced the development of cervical cancer cells and increased apoptosis. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and a Western blot indicate that PTS controlled the cytolytic action of NK cells in tumor cells via increasing the MICA/B expression, thus modifying the anti-tumor immune response in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoping Li
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources Ministry of Education, Shihezi University College of Pharmacy, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China; Shihezi University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Jiaru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources Ministry of Education, Shihezi University College of Pharmacy, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Shiwan You
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources Ministry of Education, Shihezi University College of Pharmacy, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Shihezi University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Shihezi University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Zubair Akram
- Shihezi University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Shiguo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources Ministry of Education, Shihezi University College of Pharmacy, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Gholap AD, Gupta J, Kamandar P, Bhowmik DD, Rojekar S, Faiyazuddin M, Hatvate NT, Mohanto S, Ahmed MG, Subramaniyan V, Kumarasamy V. Harnessing Nanovaccines for Effective Immunization─A Special Concern on COVID-19: Facts, Fidelity, and Future Prospective. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:271-297. [PMID: 38096426 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative pathway in vaccine research and delivery. Nanovaccines, encompassing lipid and nonlipid formulations, exhibit considerable advantages over traditional vaccine techniques, including enhanced antigen stability, heightened immunogenicity, targeted distribution, and the potential for codelivery with adjuvants or immune modulators. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements and applications of lipid and non-lipid-based nanovaccines in current vaccination strategies for immunization. The review commences by outlining the fundamental concepts underlying lipid and nonlipid nanovaccine design before delving into the diverse components and production processes employed in their development. Subsequently, a comparative analysis of various nanocarriers is presented, elucidating their distinct physicochemical characteristics and impact on the immune response, along with preclinical and clinical studies. The discussion also highlights how nanotechnology enables the possibility of personalized and combined vaccination techniques, facilitating the creation of tailored nanovaccines to meet the individual patient needs. The ethical aspects concerning the use of nanovaccines, as well as potential safety concerns and public perception, are also addressed. The study underscores the gaps and challenges that must be overcome before adopting nanovaccines in clinical practice. This comprehensive analysis offers vital new insights into lipid and nonlipid nanovaccine status. It emphasizes the significance of continuous research, collaboration among interdisciplinary experts, and regulatory measures to fully unlock the potential of nanotechnology in enhancing immunization and ensuring a healthier, more resilient society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol D Gholap
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar 401404, Maharashtra, India
| | - Juhi Gupta
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431213, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pallavi Kamandar
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431213, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deblina D Bhowmik
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431213, Maharashtra, India
| | - Satish Rojekar
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Md Faiyazuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Al-Karim University, Katihar 854106, Bihar, India
| | - Navnath T Hatvate
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431213, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sourav Mohanto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohammed Gulzar Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Pharmacology Unit, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vinoth Kumarasamy
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Zakhour R, Tamim H, Faytrouni F, Makki M, Hojeij R, Charafeddine L. Determinants of human papillomavirus vaccine hesitancy among Lebanese parents. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295644. [PMID: 38091310 PMCID: PMC10718448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection. HPV is responsible for cancer of cervix uteri. Despite its safety and immunogenicity, HPV vaccine hesitancy is one of the most challenging topics that pediatricians face. METHODS We aimed to describe the impact of knowledge, attitude, and practice towards vaccines in general, on practice related to HPV vaccination in Lebanon. A questionnaire addressed to parents of students (3-18 years of age) was distributed in 2 public and 2 private schools randomly selected from the greater Beirut area during the school year 2017-2018. Questionnaires covered knowledge, attitude, and practices of vaccination in general and HPV vaccine in particular. RESULTS Out of 400 distributed questionnaires, 306 (76.5%) were returned. Of the 185 parents aware of HPV vaccine, 60% hadn't given or were not planning to give the HPV vaccine to their children. Of parents not in favor of HPV vaccine, 7.5 thought that vaccines aren't necessary versus none among those in favor of HPV vaccine(p = 0.02). Thirteen percent of those not in favor of HPV vaccine thought that vaccines are not safe versus 2.7% in the group in favor (p = 0.02). An effect of gender on vaccine acceptance was noted: mothers vs fathers and daughters vs sons. Lack of recommendation by pediatricians and the thought that too little is known about the vaccine were the most selected reasons for parents not wanting to vaccinate their children against HPV, whereas cost and religious and cultural beliefs seemed to have no impact. CONCLUSION Most parents in our study did not vaccinate or weren't willing to vaccinate their children against HPV even when they were in favor of vaccines in general. Physician recommendation was shown to be one of the most important predictors of vaccination. Effort should be put into educating parents about the importance of the vaccine and its well-established safety and efficacy regardless of gender. Lebanese physicians should also be educated and empowered to recommend HPV vaccine more strongly and consistently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramia Zakhour
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, McGovern Medical School Houston, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hani Tamim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farah Faytrouni
- Department of Pediatrics, Medcare Medical Centers, Dr Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maha Makki
- Clinical Research Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rayan Hojeij
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, McGovern Medical School Houston, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lama Charafeddine
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, McGovern Medical School Houston, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, United States of America
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Ouedraogo RA, Kande A, Nadembega WMC, Ouermi D, Zohoncon TM, Djigma FW, Ouedraogo CMRN, Lompo OM, Simpore J. Distribution of high- and low-risk human papillomavirus genotypes and their prophylactic vaccination coverage among West African women: systematic review. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2023; 35:39. [PMID: 38060078 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-023-00196-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The second most deadly gynecological cancer worldwide, cervical cancer is steadily on the rise in sub-Saharan Africa, while vaccination programs are struggling to get off the ground. This systematic review's aim was to assess the prevalence and distribution of high- and low-risk HPV genotypes in West African women. METHODS Original studies were retrieved from PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. In these studies, Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA was assessed in cervical samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Hybrid capture, and sequencing. The quality of the articles was assessed and the results were extracted and reviewed. RESULTS Thirty-nine studies from 10 West African countries were included for the systematic review including 30 for the pooled analysis. From an overall of 17358 participants, 5126 of whom were infected with at least one HPV genotype, the systematic review showed a prevalence varying from 8.9% to 81.8% in the general population. In contrast, the pooled prevalence of infection was 28.6% (n = 3890; 95% CI 27.85-29.38), and HPV-52 (13.3%), HPV-56 (9.3%), and HPV-35 (8.2) were the most frequent. Quadrivalent and nonavalent vaccines covered 18.2% and 55.8% of identified genotypes respectively. CONCLUSION Faced with this growing public health challenge in West Africa, it would be necessary for all its countries to have reliable data on HPV infection and to introduce the nonavalent vaccine. A study of the genotypic distribution of HPV in high-grade precancerous lesions and cervical cancer would be very useful in West Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogomenoma Alice Ouedraogo
- Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique, P.O. Box 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), P.O. Box 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso.
- Université Nazi BONI, P.O Box 1091, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso.
| | - Ali Kande
- Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique, P.O. Box 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), P.O. Box 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Wendyam Marie Christelle Nadembega
- Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique, P.O. Box 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), P.O. Box 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Djeneba Ouermi
- Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique, P.O. Box 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), P.O. Box 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Théodora Mahoukèdè Zohoncon
- Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique, P.O. Box 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), P.O. Box 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
- Université Saint Thomas d'Aquin, P.O. Box 10212, Ouagadougou 06, Burkina Faso
| | - Florencia Wendkuuni Djigma
- Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique, P.O. Box 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), P.O. Box 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Charlemagne Marie Ragnag-Newende Ouedraogo
- Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique, P.O. Box 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, UFR SDS, P.O. Box 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Olga Mélanie Lompo
- Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique, P.O. Box 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, UFR SDS, P.O. Box 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouedraogo (CHU/YO), P.O. Box 7022, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Jacques Simpore
- Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique, P.O. Box 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), P.O. Box 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
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Gandelin M, Tran PL, Chirpaz E, Jaffar-Bandjee MC, Traversier N, Machalek D, Bertolotti A. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infections Among Participants Undergoing Chlamydia trachomatis Testing in Reunion Island (RUN-SurV-HPV Study): Protocol for a Prevalence Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e47379. [PMID: 37906221 PMCID: PMC10646676 DOI: 10.2196/47379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) induces various cancers, mainly cervical cancer but also anal and pharyngeal cancers. Reunion Island is a French department in the Indian Ocean. Due to the history of its settlement, the island's population has a wide variety of origins, and the population's sociodemographic characteristics differ from those of the French mainland. These characteristics make the island's population an original French population in its own right, particularly in terms of health. Cervical cancer incidence and mortality in Reunion Island are 10.4 per 100,000 and 4.4 per 100,000, respectively, both of which are much higher than those in mainland France. There is also a disparity in the prevalence of different HPV types, with types 33 and 52 being overrepresented and type 18 being underrepresented. However, vaccination and screening coverage in Reunion Island is low. It is important to understand the burden of infection and its risk factors in members of the young Reunionese population at risk of HPV infection to promote and evaluate the implementation of future vaccination and screening programs on a larger scale. OBJECTIVE The RUN-SurV-HPV study will have the following four objectives: (1) to describe the prevalence of HPV genotypes in a population at risk of sexually transmitted infections in Reunion Island; (2) to describe the prevalence of HPV genotypes by anatomical site, gender, and sexuality; (3) to describe the correlates and risk factors for HPV detection; and (4) to examine HPV genotypes between different anatomical sites. METHODS Cross-sectional analyses of 1200 routine vaginal, anal, pharyngeal, and urinary samples collected between October 2020 to December 2022 from female and male patients aged 16 to 30 years undergoing Chlamydia trachomatis testing at a sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing center at Reunion Island will be performed. The population included 333 women who all had vaginal and pharyngeal swabs, with 80 of them also having had an anal swab. There are 167 men who have sex with men who have had anal and pharyngeal swabs, and 120 men who have sex with women who have had a urine swab only. Results will be correlated with sociodemographic and clinical data collected routinely during the consultations. HPV detection and genotyping will be performed using the Anyplex II HPV28 detection assay (Seegene). RESULTS The first polymerase chain reactions should begin in November 2023. The first results should be submitted for publication in 2024. CONCLUSIONS The study will determine HPV prevalence by age, sex, male sexual preference, human immunodeficiency virus status, and STI co-infection. Collecting data from young patients not usually routinely screened for HPV infection will be a simple and reproducible way of better understanding local specificities, encouraging vaccination campaigns in the short-term, and evaluating their effectiveness in the future. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/47379.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxence Gandelin
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, Réunion
| | - Phuong Lien Tran
- Service de Gynécologie et Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, Réunion
| | - Emmanuel Chirpaz
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1410, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, Réunion
- Registre des cancers de La Réunion, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, Réunion
| | | | - Nicolas Traversier
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire La Réunion, Saint Denis, Réunion
| | - Dorothy Machalek
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Women's Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Antoine Bertolotti
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, Réunion
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1410, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, Réunion
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Bertagnin C, Messa L, Pavan M, Celegato M, Sturlese M, Mercorelli B, Moro S, Loregian A. A small molecule targeting the interaction between human papillomavirus E7 oncoprotein and cellular phosphatase PTPN14 exerts antitumoral activity in cervical cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2023; 571:216331. [PMID: 37532093 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced cancers still represent a major health issue for worldwide population and lack specific therapeutic regimens. Despite substantial advancements in anti-HPV vaccination, the incidence of HPV-related cancers remains high, thus there is an urgent need for specific anti-HPV drugs. The HPV E7 oncoprotein is a major driver of carcinogenesis that acts by inducing the degradation of several host factors. A target is represented by the cellular phosphatase PTPN14 and its E7-mediated degradation was shown to be crucial in HPV oncogenesis. Here, by exploiting the crystal structure of E7 bound to PTPN14, we performed an in silico screening of small-molecule compounds targeting the C-terminal CR3 domain of E7 involved in the interaction with PTPN14. We discovered a compound able to inhibit the E7/PTPN14 interaction in vitro and to rescue PTPN14 levels in cells, leading to a reduction in viability, proliferation, migration, and cancer-stem cell potential of HPV-positive cervical cancer cells. Mechanistically, as a consequence of PTPN14 rescue, treatment of cancer cells with this compound altered the Yes-associated protein (YAP) nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling and downstream signaling. Notably, this compound was active against cervical cancer cells transformed by different high-risk (HR)-HPV genotypes indicating a potential broad-spectrum activity. Overall, our study reports the first-in-class inhibitor of E7/PTPN14 interaction and provides the proof-of-principle that pharmacological inhibition of this interaction by small-molecule compounds could be a feasible therapeutic strategy for the development of novel antitumoral drugs specific for HPV-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bertagnin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Messa
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Pavan
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marta Celegato
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Mattia Sturlese
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Moro
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Arianna Loregian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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Liu W, Jiang P, Song T, Yang K, Yuan F, Gao T, Liu Z, Li C, Guo R, Xiao S, Tian Y, Zhou D. A Recombinant Chimera Vaccine Composed of LTB and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Antigens P97R1, mhp390 and P46 Elicits Cellular Immunologic Response in Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1291. [PMID: 37631860 PMCID: PMC10457768 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the etiological agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia (EP), leading to a mild and chronic pneumonia in swine. Relative control has been attained through active vaccination programs, but porcine enzootic pneumonia remains a significant economic challenge in the swine industry. Cellular immunity plays a key role in the prevention and control of porcine enzootic pneumonia. Therefore, the development of a more efficient vaccine that confers a strong immunity against M. hyopneumoniae is necessary. In this study, a multi-antigen chimera (L9m6) was constructed by combining the heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) with three antigens of M. hyopneumoniae (P97R1, mhp390, and P46), and its immunogenic and antigenic properties were assessed in a murine model. In addition, we compared the effect of individual administration and multiple-fusion of these antigens. The chimeric multi-fusion vaccine induced significant cellular immune responses and high production of IgG and IgM antibodies against M. hyopneumoniae. Collectively, our data suggested that rL9m6 chimera exhibits potential as a viable vaccine candidate for the prevention and control of porcine enzootic pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Peizhao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China;
| | - Tao Song
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China;
| | - Keli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Fangyan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Ting Gao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Zewen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Chang Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Division of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Yongxiang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Danna Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri E Markowitz
- From the Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (L.E.M.), and the Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (E.R.U.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta
| | - Elizabeth R Unger
- From the Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (L.E.M.), and the Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (E.R.U.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta
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9
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Zhang H, Li S, Su J, Ma X, Ali A, Xie J, Ma Z, Feng R. Construction, expression and assemble of EMCV VLPs and their potency evaluation. Virology 2023; 584:1-8. [PMID: 37167793 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Encephalomycarditis virus (EMCV) is an essential pathogen with a broad host range and causes enormous economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. Here, we constructed and assembled the EMCV virus-like particles (VLPs) in vitro and verified high efficiency of virus protection. Results showed that the proteins auto-assembled into VLPs successfully in vitro. The animal experiments revealed that high-titer antibody production is triggered by VLPs. Meanwhile, the mice challenged with EMCV were obviously protected. The protection rate of group VLPs with the adjuvant was 75%, while that of the VLPs group was 62.5% compared to the control. These findings indicate that recombinant EMCV VLPs have a remarkable anti-EMCV effect and could be a new vaccine candidate for the control of EMCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China; Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Shengjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Jinxian Su
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Xiaomei Ma
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Amjad Ali
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Jingying Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China; College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Zhongren Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China; Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Ruofei Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China; Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
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10
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Clay PA, Thompson TD, Markowitz LE, Ekwueme DU, Saraiya M, Chesson HW. Updated estimate of the annual direct medical cost of screening and treatment for human papillomavirus associated disease in the United States. Vaccine 2023; 41:2376-2381. [PMID: 36907737 PMCID: PMC10198126 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
The annual direct medical cost attributable to human papillomavirus (HPV) in the United States over the period 2004-2007 was estimated at $9.36 billion in 2012 (updated to 2020 dollars). The purpose of this report was to update that estimate to account for the impact of HPV vaccination on HPV-attributable disease, reductions in the frequency of cervical cancer screening, and new data on the cost per case of treating HPV-attributable cancers. Based primarily on data from the literature, we estimated the annual direct medical cost burden as the sum of the costs of cervical cancer screening and follow-up and the cost of treating HPV-attributable cancers, anogenital warts, and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). We estimated the total direct medical cost of HPV to be $9.01 billion annually over the period 2014-2018 (2020 U.S. dollars). Of this total cost, 55.0% was for routine cervical cancer screening and follow-up, 43.8% was for treatment of HPV-attributable cancer, and less than 2% was for treating anogenital warts and RRP. Although our updated estimate of the direct medical cost of HPV is slightly lower than the previous estimate, it would have been substantially lower had we not incorporated more recent, higher cancer treatment costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Clay
- Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Trevor D Thompson
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention & Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Lauri E Markowitz
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Donatus U Ekwueme
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention & Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Mona Saraiya
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention & Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Harrell W Chesson
- Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA, USA.
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11
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Adams A, Hendrikse M, Rybicki EP, Hitzeroth II. Optimal size of DNA encapsidated by plant produced human papillomavirus pseudovirions. Virology 2023; 580:88-97. [PMID: 36801669 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are known to be the cause of anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers as well as genital and common warts. HPV pseudovirions (PsVs) are synthetic viral particles that are made up of the L1 major and L2 minor HPV capsid proteins and up to 8 Kb of encapsidated pseudogenome dsDNA. HPV PsVs are used to test novel neutralising antibodies elicited by vaccines, for studying the virus life cycle, and potentially for the delivery of therapeutic DNA vaccines. HPV PsVs are typically produced in mammalian cells, however, it has recently been shown that Papillomavirus PsVs can be produced in plants, a potentially safer, cheaper and more easily scalable means of production. We analysed the encapsidation frequencies of pseudogenomes expressing EGFP, ranging in size from 4.8 Kb to 7.8 Kb, by plant-made HPV-35 L1/L2 particles. The smaller pseudogenomes were found to be packaged more efficiently into PsVs as higher concentrations of encapsidated DNA and higher levels of EGFP expression were obtained with the 4.8 Kb pseudogenome, compared to the larger 5.8-7.8 Kb pseudogenomes. Thus, smaller pseudogenomes, of 4.8 Kb, should be used for efficient plant production of HPV-35 PsVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Adams
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Megan Hendrikse
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Edward P Rybicki
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Inga I Hitzeroth
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa.
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12
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Li C, Hall TG, Hall JJ, He WQ. Effectiveness of quadrivalent HPV vaccination in reducing vaccine-type and nonvaccine-type high risk HPV infection. Epidemiol Infect 2023; 151:e37. [PMID: 36789960 PMCID: PMC10028998 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268823000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine effectiveness (VE) against both vaccine-type and nonvaccine-type high-risk HPV (hrHPV) infection, and duration of protection in United States. The study population was female participants aged 18-35 years with an HPV vaccination history and genital testing for HPV from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2016. Participants vaccinated before sexual debut were assessed against 13 nonvaccine-type hrHPV infection including 31/33/35/39/45/51/52/56/58/59/68/73/82. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate VE overall, by age at diagnosis, time since vaccination and lifetime sexual partners. A total of 3866 women were included in the analysis, with 23.3% (95% CI 21.3%-25.4%) having been vaccinated (≥1 dose). VE against vaccine-type HPV18/16/11/6 infection was 58% overall, which was mainly driven by those aged 18-22 years (VE = 64%) and 23-27 years (65%). Among participants aged 18-22 years vaccinated before sexual debut, the VE was 47% (23%-64%) against 13 nonvaccine-type hrHPV and 61% (95% CI 36%-77%) against 5 selected nonvaccine-type hrHPV35/39/52/58/59. Both direct effectiveness and cross-protection maintained effective for 5-10 years post vaccination. We also found the prevalence of ever diagnosed cervical cancer among vaccinated was significantly lower (0.46%, 4/874) than that among unvaccinated participants (1.27%, 38/2992). These findings highlight the potential of significant reduction of cervical cancer following the universal HPV vaccination programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Li
- Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3053, Australia
| | - Thomas G Hall
- Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, 2145, Australia
| | - John J Hall
- School of Population Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Wen-Qiang He
- Childrens Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2145, Australia
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13
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Ability of epidemiological studies to monitor HPV post-vaccination dynamics: a simulation study. Epidemiol Infect 2023; 151:e31. [PMID: 36727199 PMCID: PMC9990403 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268823000122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are caused by a broad diversity of genotypes. As available vaccines target a subgroup of these genotypes, monitoring transmission dynamics of nonvaccine genotypes is essential. After reviewing the epidemiological literature on study designs aiming to monitor those dynamics, we evaluated their abilities to detect HPV-prevalence changes following vaccine introduction. We developed an agent-based model to simulate HPV transmission in a heterosexual population under various scenarios of vaccine coverage and genotypic interaction, and reproduced two study designs: post-vs.-prevaccine and vaccinated-vs.-unvaccinated comparisons. We calculated the total sample size required to detect statistically significant prevalence differences at the 5% significance level and 80% power. Although a decrease in vaccine-genotype prevalence was detectable as early as 1 year after vaccine introduction, simulations indicated that the indirect impact on nonvaccine-genotype prevalence (a decrease under synergistic interaction or an increase under competitive interaction) would only be measurable after >10 years whatever the vaccine coverage. Sample sizes required for nonvaccine genotypes were >5 times greater than for vaccine genotypes and tended to be smaller in the post-vs.-prevaccine than in the vaccinated-vs.-unvaccinated design. These results highlight that previously published epidemiological studies were not powerful enough to efficiently detect changes in nonvaccine-genotype prevalence.
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14
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O'Neill AM, Dwyer R. Primary prevention of cervical cancer in women: Human papillomavirus vaccine. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2023; 281:29-31. [PMID: 36529063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice M O'Neill
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The National Maternity Hospital, Holles Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Roisin Dwyer
- Department of Translational Research, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
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15
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Tao J, Kapadia J, Fenn N, Almonte AA, Toma E, Murphy M, Nunn A, Su LJ, Chan PA. Human papillomavirus vaccination coverage among sexually active young adults aged 18 to 26 at a sexually transmitted infections clinic. Int J STD AIDS 2023; 34:315-321. [PMID: 36655673 PMCID: PMC10073331 DOI: 10.1177/09564624221146605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is the most effective biomedical intervention for HPV infections. HPV vaccination rate among sexually active young adults is largely unknown. METHODS Patients aged 18-26 years, who attended the Rhode Island Sexually Transmitted Infections Clinic between 2013-2018, were included in the study. We extracted demographics, behavioral characteristics, and HPV vaccination status from electronic medical records. Exploratory logistic regressions were conducted to identify factors associated with vaccination status. RESULTS Among 2729 eligible individuals, the median age was 23 years (interquartile range: 22-25). Only 8.1% of males and 24.8% of females received at least one dose of HPV vaccine. Females were 144% (crude odds ratio [cOR]: 2.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.03, 2.94) more likely to receive at least one dose of HPV vaccine than males. Being Black/African American (B/AA) or Hispanic/Latino (H/L) was associated with a 21% (cOR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.62, 1.00) and 34% (cOR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.53, 0.81) decrease in the odds of vaccination, respectively. CONCLUSIONS HPV vaccination rate was low among sexually active young adults. Gender and racial/ethnic disparities existed in HPV vaccination. Interventions are needed to promote HPV vaccination among sexually active young adults, especially B/AA and H/L communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tao
- Department of Medicine, 6752Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jhanavi Kapadia
- Department of Medicine, 6752Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Natalie Fenn
- Department of Medicine, 6752Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Alexi A Almonte
- Department of Medicine, 6752Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Emily Toma
- Department of Medicine, 6752Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Matthew Murphy
- Department of Medicine, 6752Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Amy Nunn
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, 12321Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - L Joseph Su
- School of Public Health, 25989UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Philip A Chan
- Department of Medicine, 6752Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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16
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Pei J, Shu T, Wu C, Li M, Xu M, Jiang M, Zhu C. Impact of human papillomavirus vaccine on cervical cancer epidemic: Evidence from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results program. Front Public Health 2023; 10:998174. [PMID: 36684904 PMCID: PMC9859059 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.998174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Since 2006, the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been recommended for females aged 9-26 years in the United States. Aiming to evaluate the early effect of the HPV vaccine on cervical cancer, this study assessed the incidence of cervical cancer by age and histology before and after the introduction of HPV vaccination. Methods Data on cervical cancer incidence from 1975-2019 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Joinpoint regression was used to determine temporal trends over time. Future cervical cancer incidence (2015-2039) was projected using Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis. Age-period-cohort (APC) models were created to evaluate age, period, and cohort effects. Results For overall cervical cancer and cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), incidence rate showed decreasing trends (-0.7%, and -1.0% annually, respectively), whereas cervical adenocarcinoma (AC) incidence continuously increased (2.6% annually). The incidence trends for AC were stable in the 20-24 and 25-29-year age groups, whereas there was an increasing trend in older age groups. Similarly, the projected trend for AC in females aged 20-30 years exhibited a decline, whereas an increase was predicted in the 31-40-year age group, especially in the 35-44 year age group. The birth cohort and period effects in SCC and AC were extracted from APC models. Discussion During the period of 1975-2019, the incidence of cervical AC remained almost unchanged in the age groups receiving HPV vaccines while increased in the age groups not receiving HPV vaccines. The birth cohort effects of SCC and AC of the cervix provided evidence supporting the effectiveness of the HPV vaccine in preventing cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Pei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Shu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Healthcare Department, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenyao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mandi Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minghan Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cairong Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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17
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Caruso CR, Yang Z. Molecular diagnostics of infectious disease: Detection and characterization of microbial agents in cytology samples. Diagn Cytopathol 2023; 51:68-82. [PMID: 36263664 DOI: 10.1002/dc.25064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytology samples are widely used to diagnose various infectious diseases by detection and identification of causative infectious agents, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. The role of cytopathology in infectious disease has expanded tremendously in the past decades with the advances in molecular techniques. Molecular diagnostic methods, compared to conventional methods, have shown improved patient outcome, reduction in cost, and shortened hospital stay times. The aim of this article is to review molecular testing in cytology samples for diagnosis of infectious diseases. METHODS The literature search for molecular testing in common cytology samples for diagnosis of infectious diseases was performed. The findings of the studies were summarized. The common cytology samples included in this article were gynecologic specimens, cerebrospinal fluid, bronchoalveolar lavage, and urine samples. CONCLUSIONS There are a number of molecular diagnostic tests that are available to be used in common cytology samples to detect infectious agents. Each test has its own advantages and limitations. It is our hope that upon reading this review article, the readers will have better understanding of molecular diagnostic testing of infectious diseases utilizing commonly sampled cytology specimens in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla R Caruso
- Department of Pathology and Anatomic Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Zhongbo Yang
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
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18
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Shadab R, Lavery JV, McFadden SM, Elharake JA, Malik F, Omer SB. Key ethical considerations to guide the adjudication of a single-dose HPV vaccine schedule. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:1917231. [PMID: 34010096 PMCID: PMC8920253 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1917231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a high burden of human papillomavirus (HPV) associated cancers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Reducing the recommended dosing schedule from two doses to one makes the vaccine schedule logistically simpler and lowers the cost. This could make the distribution of the current vaccine supply more equitable and lead to the protection of more people. However, the clinical trials studying the efficacy of a single-dose schedule have not yet delivered final results. Against this background, the question is whether a single-dose HPV vaccine recommendation is appropriate now, and if so, what are the ethical considerations of such a recommendation? We developed three ethical recommendations: (1) adopt a holistic view of evidence to justify policy decisions; (2) prioritize the reduction in global disparities in decision-making at all levels; and (3) be transparent in the reporting of how key stakeholder interests have shaped the collection and interpretation of the evidence, and ultimate decisions. The complex discussion regarding the HPV single-dose vaccine schedule highlights the need for in-depth engagement globally to improve our understanding of country-specific contexts, and how those contexts influence decisions regarding the HPV vaccine single-dose recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruha Shadab
- Yale Institute for Global Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - James V. Lavery
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health and Center for Ethics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - SarahAnn M. McFadden
- Yale Institute for Global Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Disease, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- CONTACT SarahAnn M. McFadden Yale Institute for Global Health, 1 Church St, Ste 340, New Haven, CT06510
| | - Jad A. Elharake
- Yale Institute for Global Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Fauzia Malik
- Yale Institute for Global Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Saad B. Omer
- Yale Institute for Global Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Disease, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale School of Nursing, Orange, CT, USA
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
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19
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Does Vaccination Protect against Human Papillomavirus-Related Cancers? Preliminary Findings from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2018). Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122113. [PMID: 36560523 PMCID: PMC9781459 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Most oropharyngeal and anogenital cancers are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Although HPV vaccines showed high efficacy against oropharyngeal and anogenital HPV infections, and cancer precursors in randomized clinical trials, there are limited data on the effectiveness of HPV vaccination against HPV-related cancers. We aimed to evaluate the association of HPV vaccination with HPV-related cancers among a nationally representative sample of United States adults, aged 20-59 years. In a cross-sectional study combining four cycles from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, from 2011 through 2018, we used a survey-weighted logistic regression model, propensity score matching and multiple imputations by chained equations to explore the association of HPV vaccination with HPV-related cancers. Among 9891 participants, we did not find an association of HPV vaccination with HPV-related cancers (adjusted OR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.19; 1.75). Despite no statistically significant association between HPV vaccination and HPV-related cancers, our study findings suggest that HPV-vaccinated adults might have lower odds of developing HPV-related cancers than those who were not vaccinated. Given the importance of determining the impact of vaccination on HPV-related cancers, there is a need to conduct future research by linking cancer registry data with vaccination records, to obtain more robust results.
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20
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Mouttapa M, Cunningham M, Tanjasiri SP. Awareness of and Support for HPV Vaccination Among Pacific Islander Women in Southern California. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2022; 37:1372-1377. [PMID: 33539008 PMCID: PMC8333191 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-021-01965-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pacific Islander (PI) women experience disproportionately high rates of cervical cancer and mortality and have lower rates of Pap testing. Since up to 70% of cervical cancers could be prevented by being vaccinated for human papilloma virus (HPV), this cross-sectional study explored the predictors of HPV and vaccine awareness, receipt of the vaccine, and attitudes toward vaccinating children among adult PI women in southern California, who historically have low rates of HPV vaccination and high rates of cervical cancer that could be prevented with HPV vaccination. Participants (n=148) consist a subsample of Chamorro, Samoan, and Tongan women, ages 21 to 65 years, who were in a larger randomized community study to promote Pap testing. Overall, younger age and higher American acculturation were significantly associated with ever hearing about HPV and the vaccine. However, American acculturation was also associated with negative attitudes toward vaccinating their children for HPV. This paper provides preliminary insights into barriers and facilitators to HPV vaccination among PIs in the USA and also informs the development of educational programs to reduce cervical cancer incidence and mortality in this underserved population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Mouttapa
- Department of Public Health, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA.
| | - Melissa Cunningham
- Department of Public Health, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA
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21
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Murenzi G, Shumbusho F, Hansen N, Munyaneza A, Gage JC, Muhoza B, Kanyabwisha F, Pierz A, Tuyisenge P, Anastos K, Castle PE. Long-term human papillomavirus vaccination effectiveness and immunity in Rwandan women living with and without HIV: a study protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e061650. [PMID: 36008069 PMCID: PMC9422845 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines have been shown to be highly effective in protecting women against cervical infections, high-grade abnormalities and cancer caused by the targeted HPV types. However, the evidence for their effectiveness in women living with HIV (WLWH) is less clear. METHODS WLWH and HIV-negative women who likely did (birth cohorts 1996 and later) and WLWH and HIV(-) negative who likely did not (birth cohorts before 1996) receive HPV vaccination (n=3028; 757 participants for each of the four groups). Between groups, we will compare cervicovaginal, anal and oral prevalent and 6-12 month persistent HPV6/11/16/18 infections as measured using a modified AmpFire HPV genotyping assay that tests for 15 high-risk or intermediate-risk HPV genotypes, HPV6 and HPV11. We will also compare the HPV immune response in HPV-vaccinated WLWH to HPV-vaccinated HIV-negative women using an anti-HPV16 and anti-HPV18 ELISA. Vaccination status will be confirmed through national vaccination records. ANALYSIS We will calculate point prevalence and prevalence of 6-12 month persisting infections by individual HPV-type specific infections and groups of infections for each anatomic site and for each group of women. Results will be stratified by age at vaccination, age at enrolment and the number of doses (3 vs 2) as well as other factors possibly associated with HPV prevalence. Differences in endpoints between groups, overall and between subgroups, will be tested for statistical significance (p<0.05) using Fisher's exact or Pearson χ2 test. Differences in geometric mean titres and seropositivity will be tested for statistical significance using the Mann-Whitney and Fisher's exact tests, respectively. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was approved by the Albert Einstein College of Medicine Institutional Review Board and the Rwanda National Ethics Committee. Results will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gad Murenzi
- Einstein-Rwanda Research and Capacity Building Program, Rwanda Military Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda
- Einstein-Rwanda Research and Capacity Building Program, Research for Development (RD Rwanda), Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Fabienne Shumbusho
- Einstein-Rwanda Research and Capacity Building Program, Rwanda Military Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda
- Einstein-Rwanda Research and Capacity Building Program, Research for Development (RD Rwanda), Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Natasha Hansen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Athanase Munyaneza
- Einstein-Rwanda Research and Capacity Building Program, Rwanda Military Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda
- Einstein-Rwanda Research and Capacity Building Program, Research for Development (RD Rwanda), Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Julia C Gage
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Benjamin Muhoza
- Einstein-Rwanda Research and Capacity Building Program, Rwanda Military Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda
- Einstein-Rwanda Research and Capacity Building Program, Research for Development (RD Rwanda), Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Faustin Kanyabwisha
- Einstein-Rwanda Research and Capacity Building Program, Rwanda Military Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda
- Einstein-Rwanda Research and Capacity Building Program, Research for Development (RD Rwanda), Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Amanda Pierz
- Department of Community Health and Health Sciences, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Patrick Tuyisenge
- Einstein-Rwanda Research and Capacity Building Program, Rwanda Military Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda
- Einstein-Rwanda Research and Capacity Building Program, Research for Development (RD Rwanda), Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Kathryn Anastos
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Philip E Castle
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Fields EJ, Hopfer S, Warren JR, BeLue R, Lebed J, Hecht ML. Motivators and Barriers to HPV Vaccination: A Qualitative Study of Underserved Women Attending Planned Parenthood. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071126. [PMID: 35891290 PMCID: PMC9317585 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States. Disease-associated strains of HPV can cause genital warts and six cancer types. HPV-associated cervical cancer disproportionately impacts medically underserved women including Black and Latina women with respect to incidence, prevalence, and mortality rates. Although safe and effective vaccines are available, HPV vaccination rates remain low among low-income individuals and women of color. The current study examined individual and structural motivators and barriers to HPV vaccination among medically underserved women utilizing a Planned Parenthood health center in Southeast Pennsylvania. Guided by narrative engagement theory (NET), qualitative interviews (N = 24) were used to elicit HPV vaccine decision stories from both vaccinated and unvaccinated women. Using a phronetic iterative data analysis approach, we identified three motivators to vaccinate against HPV: (1) receiving an explicit vaccine recommendation from a healthcare provider (a structural determinant), (2) feeling empowered to take control of one’s health (an individual determinant), and (3) knowing someone infected with HPV (an individual determinant). Among unvaccinated participants, barriers to HPV vaccination included: (1) not receiving an explicit vaccine recommendation from a healthcare provider (a structural determinant), (2) low perceived risk for acquiring HPV or that HPV is not severe (an individual determinant), and (3) lack of maternal support to vaccinate (a structural determinant). Healthcare providers are optimally positioned to fill the gap in prior missed vaccine opportunities and empower women by recommending HPV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia J. Fields
- Department of Health, Society, and Behavior, Program in Public Health, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Suellen Hopfer
- Department of Health, Society, and Behavior, Program in Public Health, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(949)-824-6996
| | - Jennifer R. Warren
- Department of Communication, Women and Gender Studies, African and African American Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA;
| | - Rhonda BeLue
- Department of Public Health, University of Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA;
| | - Joel Lebed
- Planned Parenthood Southeastern Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
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23
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Rosenblum HG, Lewis RM, Gargano JW, Querec TD, Unger ER, Markowitz LE. Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Impact and Effectiveness Through 12 Years After Vaccine Introduction in the United States, 2003 to 2018. Ann Intern Med 2022; 175:918-926. [PMID: 35576590 DOI: 10.7326/m21-3798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination was introduced in 2006 for females and in 2011 for males. OBJECTIVE To estimate vaccine impact and effectiveness against quadrivalent HPV vaccine (4vHPV)-type prevalent infection among sexually experienced U.S. females and vaccine effectiveness for sexually experienced U.S. males. DESIGN NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) conducted in 2003 to 2006 (prevaccine era) and in 2007 to 2010, 2011 to 2014, and 2015 to 2018 (vaccine eras). SETTING Nationally representative U.S. surveys. PARTICIPANTS Sexually experienced participants aged 14 to 24 years. INTERVENTION U.S. HPV vaccination program. MEASUREMENTS Participant-collected cervicovaginal and penile specimens were tested for HPV DNA. The prevalences of 4vHPV and non-4vHPV types were estimated in each era for females and in 2013 to 2016 for males. Prevalences among the female population overall, vaccinated females, and unvaccinated females were compared in vaccine eras versus the prevaccine era (vaccine impact). Within each vaccine era, prevalence among vaccinated females was compared with that among unvaccinated females (vaccine effectiveness). Vaccine impact and effectiveness were estimated as (1 - prevalence ratio) · 100. RESULTS Among sexually experienced females aged 14 to 24 years, the impact on 4vHPV-type prevalence in 2015 to 2018 was 85% overall, 90% among vaccinated females, and 74% among unvaccinated females. No significant declines were found in non-4vHPV-type prevalence. Vaccine effectiveness ranged from 60% to 84% during vaccine eras for females and was 51% during 2013 to 2016 for males. LIMITATION Self- or parent-reported vaccination history and small numbers in certain subgroups limited precision. CONCLUSION Nationally representative data show increasing impact of the vaccination program and herd protection. Vaccine effectiveness estimates will be increasingly affected by herd effects. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah G Rosenblum
- Epidemic Intelligence Service and Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (H.G.R.)
| | - Rayleen M Lewis
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, and Synergy America, Duluth, Georgia (R.M.L.)
| | - Julia W Gargano
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (J.W.G., L.E.M.)
| | - Troy D Querec
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (T.D.Q., E.R.U.)
| | - Elizabeth R Unger
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (T.D.Q., E.R.U.)
| | - Lauri E Markowitz
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (J.W.G., L.E.M.)
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Bonneault M, Poletto C, Flauder M, Guillemot D, Delarocque-Astagneau E, Thiébaut AC, Opatowski L. Contact patterns and HPV-genotype interactions yield heterogeneous HPV-vaccine impacts depending on sexual behaviors: An individual-based model. Epidemics 2022; 39:100584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2022.100584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Human Papillomavirus Infection and the Risk of Erectile Dysfunction: A Nationwide Population-Based Matched Cohort Study. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050699. [PMID: 35629123 PMCID: PMC9145882 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Male patients with genital warts are known for higher rates of sexual dysfunction. This study was conducted to investigate whether human papillomaviruses (HPV) infection is associated with an increased risk of erectile dysfunction (ED). Methods: Patients aged over 18 with HPV infection (n = 13,296) and propensity score-matched controls (n = 53,184) were recruited from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID). The primary endpoint was the diagnosis of ED. Chi-square tests were used to analyze the distribution of demographic characteristics. The Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the development of ED in both groups, after adjusting for sex, age, relevant comorbidities, co-medication, and surgery. Results: ED developed in 181 patients of the study group. The incidence density of ED was 2.53 per 1000 person-years for the HPV group and 1.51 per 1000 person-years for the non-HPV group, with an adjusted HR (95% CI) of 1.63 (1.37–1.94). In stratification analysis, adjusted HR of diabetes-, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD-), and stroke-subgroup were 2.39, 2.51, and 4.82, with significant p values for interaction, respectively. Sensitivity analysis yields consistent findings. Conclusions: The patients with HPV infection had a higher risk of subsequent ED in comparison to the non-HPV controls. The mechanism behind such association and its possible role in ED prevention deserves further study in the future.
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26
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Exploring the relationship between oral high-risk HPV infection and sexual behavior among over 400 medical professionals in Japan. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-020-01337-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This study investigated the relationship between oral high-risk HPV (HR HPV) infection and sexual behavior in Japanese medical professionals.
Materials and methods
We collected oral specimens and a self–administered questionnaire from 234 men and 171 women.
Results
The oral HR HPV infection prevalence was 4.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.0–7.2]) overall, 7.3% (95% CI: 4.6–11.3) for men, and 1.2% (95% CI: 0.3–4.2) for women. The number of sex partners had a significant influence on this prevalence, with variation by type of sexual behavior. The prevalence of oral HR HPV infection was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) among those with more than 20 lifetime overall sex partners (23.8%, 95% CI: 13.5–38.5) or oral sex partners (25.0%, 95% CI: 14.2–40.2). In terms of the number of vaginal sex partners, the prevalence was approximately the same for those with 6–10 (8.3%, 95% CI: 3.9–17.0), 11–20 (11.1%, 95% CI: 5.2–22.2), or more than 20 (11.5%, 95% CI: 4.0–29.0) partners (p = 0.0043). Furthermore, dividing the number of vaginal and oral sex partners into four categories (both>5, only vaginal>5, only oral>5, and both≤5), the infection prevalence was significantly higher when both vaginal and oral sex partners were more than five (12.5%, 95% CI: 7.7–19.6). The prevalence was also higher for those who had more oral than vaginal partners, compared with other groups (13.5%, 95% CI: 6.7–25.3).
Conclusions and clinical relevance
Oral HR HPV infection in Japan seems to be influenced by sexual behavior, and preventive health efforts such as vaccination and health education should be implemented.
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Impact of catch-up human papillomavirus vaccination on cervical conization rate in a real-life population in France. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264821. [PMID: 35275961 PMCID: PMC8916646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the impact of catch-up human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination on conization rates in France in a large population-based study. Methods We conducted a retrospective real-life cohort study on data collected prospectively by French National Health Insurance. Echantillon généralistes des bénéficiaires (EGB) is a database composed of demographic and health care utilization data for a 1/97th sample of the French population. We extracted data about all women born between 1983 and 1991, corresponding to the catch-up population (vaccination after 14 years old) at the time of implementation of HPV vaccination. The primary outcome was the occurrence of conization (all types of procedures) compared between vaccinated and non-vaccinated women. Results The cohort consisted of 42,452 women. Vaccination coverage (at least one dose) was low (9.8%, n = 4,129), but increased with time from vaccine implementation, from 0% in the 1983 cohort to 31% in the 1991 cohort. The conization rate was 1% for the overall population. The risk of conization for women between the ages of 19 and 30 years was reduced in the vaccinated group with a Hazard Ratio (HR) of 0.59 (95% CI[0.39–0.90]; p = 0.043). Conclusions With a 10-year follow-up, catch-up HPV vaccination is associated with risk reduction of conization between the ages of 19 and 30.
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Kurosawa M, Sekine M, Yamaguchi M, Kudo R, Hanley SJB, Hara M, Adachi S, Ueda Y, Miyagi E, Ikeda S, Yagi A, Enomoto T. Long-Term Effects of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Clinical Trials and Real-World Data: A Systematic Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020256. [PMID: 35214713 PMCID: PMC8877934 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The preventive effect of HPV vaccines against anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers has been proven in both clinical trials and real-world data. We reviewed the published evidence about the long-term efficacy and effectiveness of the HPV vaccine in available papers of clinical trials and real-world data. As far as we searched, the longest period of preventive effect for the bivalent, 4-valent, and 9-valent vaccine were 11 years in the Costa Rica trial, 14 years in the FUTURE II, and 8 years in the LTFU extension study of V503-002 and the Scandinavian study, respectively. The sustained clinical effect during the observation period was longest for the 4-valent vaccine. In real-world data, the longest observation period of the vaccine effectiveness was 12 years in an Australian study for the 4-valent vaccine. On the other hand, the longest period of long-term persistence of HPV vaccine-induced seropositivity was 14 years in FUTURE II for the 4-valent vaccine. For the bivalent vaccine, additional long-term follow-up studies may not have been planned due to the launch of the 4-valent and 9-valent vaccines. In some studies of the 9-valent vaccine, the results have not yet been published because of the short observation period. The additional results are expected in the future. In a national immunization program, most girls and boys are inoculated with HPV vaccine by the time puberty begins; thus, it is important to monitor the vaccine effect at least until the sexually active period in their 20s and 30s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Kurosawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8520, Japan; (M.K.); (M.Y.); (R.K.); (S.A.); (T.E.)
| | - Masayuki Sekine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8520, Japan; (M.K.); (M.Y.); (R.K.); (S.A.); (T.E.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Manako Yamaguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8520, Japan; (M.K.); (M.Y.); (R.K.); (S.A.); (T.E.)
| | - Risa Kudo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8520, Japan; (M.K.); (M.Y.); (R.K.); (S.A.); (T.E.)
| | - Sharon J. B. Hanley
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan;
| | - Megumi Hara
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan;
| | - Sosuke Adachi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8520, Japan; (M.K.); (M.Y.); (R.K.); (S.A.); (T.E.)
| | - Yutaka Ueda
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.U.); (A.Y.)
| | - Etsuko Miyagi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan;
| | - Sayaka Ikeda
- Division of Surveillance and Policy Evaluation, Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
| | - Asami Yagi
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.U.); (A.Y.)
| | - Takayuki Enomoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8520, Japan; (M.K.); (M.Y.); (R.K.); (S.A.); (T.E.)
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Celegato M, Messa L, Bertagnin C, Mercorelli B, Loregian A. Targeted Disruption of E6/p53 Binding Exerts Broad Activity and Synergism with Paclitaxel and Topotecan against HPV-Transformed Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010193. [PMID: 35008354 PMCID: PMC8750593 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The identification of new specific anti-human papillomavirus (HPV) drugs is highly needed, as HPV-induced cancers still represent a significant medical issue. The aim of this study was to analyze in more detail the therapeutic potential of a compound, Cpd12, that acts by blocking the binding between HPV E6 oncoprotein and cellular tumor suppressor p53. We demonstrated that by blocking such an interaction, driven by highly conserved residues among oncogenic HPVs, Cpd12 exhibits broad activity against cervical cancer cell lines infected by different HPV genotypes and HPV-positive head-and-neck cancer cells. Interestingly, Cpd12 also showed the ability to inhibit cancer cell migration and to increase the activity of chemotherapeutic drugs such as taxanes and topoisomerase inhibitors. These findings improve the knowledge about the in vitro efficacy of Cpd12, paving the way to preclinical studies to develop new therapeutic strategies against HPV-induced tumors. Abstract High-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPV) are the etiological agents of almost all cervical cancer cases and a high percentage of head-and-neck malignancies. Although HPV vaccination can reduce cancer incidence, its coverage significantly differs among countries, and, therefore, in the next decades HPV-related tumors will not likely be eradicated worldwide. Thus, the need of specific treatments persists, since no anti-HPV drug is yet available. We recently discovered a small molecule (Cpd12) able to inhibit the E6-mediated degradation of p53 through the disruption of E6/p53 binding in HPV16- and HPV18-positive cervical cancer cells. By employing several biochemical and cellular assays, here we show that Cpd12 is also active against cervical cancer cells transformed by other HR-HPV strains, such as HPV68 and HPV45, and against a HPV16-transformed head-and-neck cancer cell line, suggesting the possibility to employ Cpd12 as a targeted drug against a broad range of HPV-induced cancers. In these cancer cell lines, the antitumoral mechanism of action of Cpd12 involves p53-dependent cell cycle arrest, a senescent response, and inhibition of cancer cell migration. Finally, we show that Cpd12 can strongly synergize with taxanes and topoisomerase inhibitors, encouraging the evaluation of Cpd12 in preclinical studies for the targeted treatment of HPV-related carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Celegato
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (M.C.); (L.M.); (C.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Messa
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (M.C.); (L.M.); (C.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Chiara Bertagnin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (M.C.); (L.M.); (C.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Beatrice Mercorelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (M.C.); (L.M.); (C.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Arianna Loregian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (M.C.); (L.M.); (C.B.); (B.M.)
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padua University Hospital, 35121 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0498272363
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-risk HPV infections are related to several epithelial cancers. Despite the availability of prophylactic vaccines, HPV infections are still responsible for about 5% of all human malignancies worldwide. While therapeutic vaccines are ongoing clinical trials, genotoxic agents and surgical interventions represent current clinical treatments, with no specific anti-HPV drugs yet available in the clinics. AREAS COVERED We offer a comprehensive report of small molecules in preclinical studies proposed as potential anticancer agents against HPV-driven tumors. Given the importance of HPV oncoproteins for cancer maintenance, particularly E6 and E7, we present a classification of both non-targeted and targeted agents, with a further subdivision of the latter into two categories according to their either direct or indirect activity against viral protein functions. EXPERT OPINION Prophylactic vaccines can prevent the insurgence of HPV-related cancers, but have no effect against pre-existing infections. Moreover, their high cost, genotype-restricted effect and the growing worldwide distrust for vaccines make the availability of a specific drug an unmet medical need. Different viral early proteins emerge as ideal candidates for drug development. We highlight the most promising strategies and address future challenges in this field to herald the prospect of a specific therapeutic regimen against HPV-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Messa
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, 35121, Italy
| | - Arianna Loregian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, 35121, Italy.,Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
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Wang W, Kothari S, Baay M, Garland SM, Giuliano AR, Nygård M, Velicer C, Tota J, Sinha A, Skufca J, Verstraeten T, Sundström K. Real-world impact and effectiveness assessment of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine: a systematic review of study designs and data sources. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 21:227-240. [PMID: 34845951 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2008243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccine effectiveness and impact studies are typically observational, generating evidence after vaccine launch in a real-world setting. For human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination studies, the variety of data sources and methods used is pronounced. Careful selection of study design, data capture and analytical methods can mitigate potential bias in such studies. AREAS COVERED We systematically reviewed the different study designs, methods, and data sources in published evidence (1/2007-3/2020), which assessed the quadrivalent HPV vaccine effectiveness and impact on cervical/cervicovaginal, anal, and oral HPV infections, anogenital warts, lesions in anus, cervix, oropharynx, penis, vagina or vulva, and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. EXPERT OPINION The rapid growth in access to real-world data allows global monitoring of effects of different public health interventions, including HPV vaccination programs. But the use of data which are not collected or organized to support research also underscore a need to develop robust methodology that provides insight of vaccine effects and consequences of different health policy decisions. To achieve the WHO elimination goal, we foresee a growing need to evaluate HPV vaccination programs globally. A critical appraisal summary of methodology used will provide timely guidance to researchers who want to initiate research activities in various settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Center for Observational and Real-world Evidence, Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Smita Kothari
- Center for Observational and Real-world Evidence, Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Marc Baay
- P95 Epidemiology & Pharmacovigilance, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Suzanne M Garland
- Department Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Centre Women's Infectious Diseases Research, Royal Women's Hospital, and Infection & Immunity Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Anna R Giuliano
- Center for Immunizaton and Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mari Nygård
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine Velicer
- Center for Observational and Real-world Evidence, Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Joseph Tota
- Center for Observational and Real-world Evidence, Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Anushua Sinha
- Center for Observational and Real-world Evidence, Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Jozica Skufca
- P95 Epidemiology & Pharmacovigilance, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Karin Sundström
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Pourebrahim N, Shah P, VoPham T, Doody DR, Bell TR, deHart MP, Madeleine MM. Time and geographic variations in human papillomavirus vaccine uptake in Washington state. Prev Med 2021; 153:106753. [PMID: 34343592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study examines geographic variations of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake, the most significant disparity in HPV vaccination, in Washington State. We evaluated Washington State Immunization Information System (WA-IIS) data on target age (11-12 year old adolescents) between 2008 and 2018. A Bayesian spatio-temporal analysis was conducted to examine uptake at the census tract level. Urban-rural disparities in vaccine rates were assessed using t-tests. Persistently high and low vaccine areas and their contributing sociodemographic factors were then identified using a multinomial logistic regression. HPV vaccine uptake gradually increased after 2010, but remained persistently low. Average vaccine uptake rates from 2010 through 2018 in urban areas were 11%-34% for initiation and 4-19% for completion. These rates were 9-22% initiation and 3-11% completion in rural areas. We observed statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences between the estimated vaccine rates for urban and rural census tracts. Race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status were associated with this urban-rural disparity. The odds of being in low vaccine rural areas increased with increase in Area Deprivation Index (ADI) (OR = 1.14, CI = (1.10, 1.19)), and decreased with percentage increase in Black (OR = 0.43, CI = (0.02, 0.85)) and Hispanic (OR = 0.97, CI = (0.94, 1.00)) population. Bayesian spatial analysis was effective in capturing spatio-temporal patterns in HPV vaccine rates and identifying areas with persistently low vaccination over time. This analytic approach can be used to guide public health policies and geographically target interventions to reduce HPV vaccine disparities and to prevent future HPV-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Pourebrahim
- Epidemiology Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Parth Shah
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Trang VoPham
- Epidemiology Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - David R Doody
- Epidemiology Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Teal R Bell
- Office of Immunization and Child Profile, Division of Prevention & Community Health, Washington State Department of Health, Olympia, WA, United States of America
| | - M Patricia deHart
- Office of Immunization and Child Profile, Division of Prevention & Community Health, Washington State Department of Health, Olympia, WA, United States of America
| | - Margaret M Madeleine
- Epidemiology Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America.
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Kamolratanakul S, Pitisuttithum P. Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Efficacy and Effectiveness against Cancer. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9121413. [PMID: 34960159 PMCID: PMC8706722 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection, with 15 HPV types related to cervical, anal, oropharyngeal, penile, vulvar, and vaginal cancers. However, cervical cancer remains one of the most common cancers in women, especially in developing countries. Three HPV vaccines have been licensed: bivalent (Cervarix, GSK, Rixensart, Belgium), quadrivalent (Merck, Sharp & Dome (Merck & Co, Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA)), and nonavalent (Merck, Sharp & Dome (Merck & Co, Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA)). The current HPV vaccine recommendations apply to 9 years old and above through the age of 26 years and adults aged 27–45 years who might be at risk of new HPV infection and benefit from vaccination. The primary target population for HPV vaccination recommended by the WHO is girls aged 9–14 years, prior to their becoming sexually active, to undergo a two-dose schedule and girls ≥ 15 years of age, to undergo a three-dose schedule. Safety data for HPV vaccines have indicated that they are safe. The most common adverse side-effect was local symptoms. HPV vaccines are highly immunogenic. The efficacy and effectiveness of vaccines has been remarkably high among young women who were HPV seronegative before vaccination. Vaccine efficacy was lower among women regardless of HPV DNA when vaccinated and among adult women. Comparisons of the efficacy of bivalent, quadrivalent, and nonavalent vaccines against HPV 16/18 showed that they are similar. However, the nonavalent vaccine can provide additional protection against HPV 31/33/45/52/58. In a real-world setting, the notable decrease of HPV 6/11/16/18 among vaccinated women compared with unvaccinated women shows the vaccine to be highly effective. Moreover, the direct effect of the nonavalent vaccine with the cross-protection of bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines results in the reduction of HPV 6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58. HPV vaccination has been shown to provide herd protection as well. Two-dose HPV vaccine schedules showed no difference in seroconversion from three-dose schedules. However, the use of a single-dose HPV vaccination schedule remains controversial. For males, the quadrivalent HPV vaccine possibly reduces the incidence of external genital lesions and persistent infection with HPV 6/11/16/18. Evidence regarding the efficacy and risk of HPV vaccination and HIV infection remains limited. HPV vaccination has been shown to be highly effective against oral HPV type 16/18 infection, with a significant percentage of participants developing IgG antibodies in the oral fluid post vaccination. However, the vaccines’ effectiveness in reducing the incidence of and mortality rates from HPV-related head and neck cancers should be observed in the long term. In anal infections and anal intraepithelial neoplasia, the vaccines demonstrate high efficacy. While HPV vaccines are very effective, screening for related cancers, as per guidelines, is still recommended.
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NK Cell Regulation in Cervical Cancer and Strategies for Immunotherapy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113104. [PMID: 34831327 PMCID: PMC8619016 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most prevalent gynaecological malignancies worldwide and is related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, viral persistence, progression, and invasion. Therefore, the immune response is linked to HPV status. Natural killer (NK) cells play a central role against virus-infected cells and tumours through a delicate balance between activating and inhibitory receptors and secretion of cytokines and chemokines. These cells also play a crucial role in tumour immunosurveillance. For these reasons, there is growing interest in harnessing NK cells as an immunotherapy for cervical cancer. These studies are diverse and include many strategies such as transferring activated autologous or allogeneic NK cells, improving the activation and cytolytic activity of NK cells using cytokines or analogues and modifying chimeric antigen receptors to increase specificity and targeting NK cells. However, research regarding the application of NK cells in immunotherapy is limited. This article focuses on recent discoveries about using NK cells to prevent and treat cervical cancer and the possibility of cellular immunotherapy becoming one of the best strategies to exploit the immune system to fight tumours.
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Castle PE, Einstein MH, Sahasrabuddhe VV. Cervical cancer prevention and control in women living with human immunodeficiency virus. CA Cancer J Clin 2021; 71:505-526. [PMID: 34499351 PMCID: PMC10054840 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being highly preventable, cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer and cause of cancer death in women globally. In low-income countries, cervical cancer is often the leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are at a particularly high risk of cervical cancer because of an impaired immune response to human papillomavirus, the obligate cause of virtually all cervical cancers. Globally, approximately 1 in 20 cervical cancers is attributable to HIV; in sub-Saharan Africa, approximately 1 in 5 cervical cancers is due to HIV. Here, the authors provide a critical appraisal of the evidence to date on the impact of HIV disease on cervical cancer risk, describe key methodologic issues, and frame the key outstanding research questions, especially as they apply to ongoing global efforts for prevention and control of cervical cancer. Expanded efforts to integrate HIV care with cervical cancer prevention and control, and vice versa, could assist the global effort to eliminate cervical cancer as a public health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip E Castle
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Mark H Einstein
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Health, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Vikrant V Sahasrabuddhe
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
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Yu H, Yi J, Dou YL, Chen Y, Kong LJ, Wu J. Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Human Papillomavirus Among Healthy Females in Beijing, China, 2016-2019. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:4173-4182. [PMID: 34675562 PMCID: PMC8519791 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s332668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, especially with high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) genotypes, is closely associated with cervical cancer. This study aimed to observe the epidemiological characteristics of HPV infection among healthy women in Beijing, China. Materials and Methods Cervical specimens were collected from 29,436 healthy women, who underwent health check-ups in Peking Union Medical College Hospital between 2016 and 2019. A commercial kit was used for the detection of 15 HR-HPV and two low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) genotypes. Results A total of 3586 (12.18%) participants tested positive for HPV, 3467 of which were infected with HR-HPVs. The most prevalent genotypes were HPV52, 58, 16, 51, and 56. Moreover, while infection with a single genotype (9.84%) was more prevalent, HPV16+52 was the most common combination in those infected with multiple HPVs. Furthermore, the highest infection rate among age groups was in women aged <25 years (20.92%). No significant difference in the prevalence was observed from 2016 to 2019. However, HPV incidence in Beijing was significantly different than that in all other areas in China, except for Zhengzhou (p < 0.05). Conclusion Our findings could serve as potential reference for better understanding of the epidemiological characteristics of HPV infection in Beijing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hepingli Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ling Dou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Jun Kong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Hao Z, Guo Y, Bowling J, Ledenyi M. Facilitators and Barriers of HPV Vaccine Acceptance, Initiation, and Completion among LGBTQ Community in the U.S.: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2021; 34:291-307. [PMID: 38596525 PMCID: PMC10903696 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2021.1989535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to identify facilitators and barriers of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine acceptance, initiation, and completion among LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer) individuals. Method: A systematic review of qualitative and quantitative studies on HPV vaccine acceptance, initiation, and completion from 2006 to June 15, 2020 was performed in each database. Results: Twenty-six studies focusing on HPV vaccination among LGBTQ individuals were reviewed. Conclusions: Knowledge of HPV vaccine and healthcare providers' recommendations were identified as facilitators to receive HPV vaccinate, while high co-pay cost and concerns of the effectiveness and safety were identified as barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Hao
- College of State Governance, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuqi Guo
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
- School of Data Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Jessamyn Bowling
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Madeleine Ledenyi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
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Qiu H, Cao S, Xu R. Cancer incidence, mortality, and burden in China: a time-trend analysis and comparison with the United States and United Kingdom based on the global epidemiological data released in 2020. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:1037-1048. [PMID: 34288593 PMCID: PMC8504144 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is one of the leading causes of death and a main economic burden in China. Investigating the differences in cancer patterns and control strategies between China and developed countries could provide reference for policy planning and contribute to improving cancer control measures. In this study, we reviewed the rates and trends of cancer incidence and mortality and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) burden in China, and compared them with those in the United States (US) and the United Kingdom (UK). METHODS Cancer incidence, mortality, and DALY data for China, US and UK were obtained from the GLOBOCAN 2020 online database, Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study, and Cancer Incidence in Five Continents plus database (CI5 plus). Trends of cancer incidence and mortality in China, US, and UK were analyzed using Joinpoint regression models to calculate annual percent changes (APCs) and identify the best-fitting joinpoints. RESULTS An estimated 4,568,754 newly diagnosed cancer cases and 3,002,899 cancer deaths occurred in China in 2020. Additionally, cancers resulted in 67,340,309 DALYs in China. Compared to the US and UK, China had lower cancer incidence but higher cancer mortality and DALY rates. Furthermore, the cancer spectrum of China was changing, with a rapid increase incidence and burden of lung, breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer in addition to a high incidence and heavy burden of liver, stomach, esophageal, and cervical cancer. CONCLUSIONS The cancer spectrum of China is changing from a developing country to a developed country. Population aging and increase of unhealthy lifestyles would continue to increase the cancer burden of China. Therefore, the Chinese authorities should adjust the national cancer control program with reference to the practices of cancer control which have been well-established in the developed countries, and taking consideration of the diversity of cancer types by of different regions in China at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Qiu
- Department of Gastric SurgeryState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouGuangdong510060P. R. China
| | - Sumei Cao
- Department of Cancer Prevention Research CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouGuangdong510060P. R. China
| | - Ruihua Xu
- Department of Medical OncologyState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouGuangdong510060P. R. China
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Burhan M, Rahman NAA, Haque M. Knowledge and attitude regarding cervical cancer and its prevention among young female adults in Kuantan, Malaysia. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2021; 10:332. [PMID: 34761018 PMCID: PMC8552281 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1454_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is the second-most common female cancer in Malaysia after breast cancer. This study intended to investigate the knowledge and attitude regarding cervical cancer and its prevention and its associated factors among young female adults in Kuantan, Malaysia, to gauge the community's understanding and idea about this issue. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted in attractive places in Kuantan, Malaysia, such as shopping malls and Urban Transformation Centre, using a cross-sectional study design and convenience sampling method. Data on the respondents' knowledge and attitude regarding cervical cancer and its prevention were collected using a questionnaire. Kruskal-Wallis, Independent t-, and Pearson correlation tests were used to investigate the study variables' association using SPSS software. RESULTS From the total of 142 respondents, almost half of them aged between 20 and 24 years old with the majority were Malays (85.9%) and single (74.6%). The internet (78.1%) was identified as the main medium to gain information regarding cervical cancer. The results show that levels of education, races, and occupation types were statistically significantly associated with the respondents' knowledge and attitude scores in this study. Age was found to be associated with knowledge scores only, while marital status was only significantly associated with the attitude scores regarding cervical cancer and its prevention. Knowledge scores were also found to be positively associated with attitude scores. CONCLUSION Several socio-demographic factors were significantly associated with the knowledge and attitude regarding cervical cancer and its prevention. In view of the positive association between knowledge and attitude scores, suitable health promotion activities can be designed and planned to increase young female adults' knowledge and attitudes toward cervical cancer and its prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munawara Burhan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azlina A. Rahman
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mainul Haque
- Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Meites E, Stone L, Amiling R, Singh V, Unger ER, Derkay CS, Markowitz LE. Significant Declines in Juvenile-onset Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis Following Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine Introduction in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:885-890. [PMID: 33621333 PMCID: PMC8380742 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP) is a rare and serious disease caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) presumably acquired during vaginal delivery. HPV vaccination of females through age 26 years, recommended in the United States since 2006, can prevent HPV transmission. We assessed trends in JORRP cases before and after HPV vaccine introduction in the United States. METHODS Case-patients were identified from 26 pediatric otolaryngology centers in 23 U.S. states. Demographics and clinical history were abstracted from medical records. Case-patients were grouped by year of birth, and birth-cohort incidences were calculated using number of births from either national or state-level natality data from the 23 states. We calculated incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) in 2-year intervals. RESULTS We identified 576 U.S. JORRP case-patients born in 2004-2013. Median age at diagnosis was 3.4 years (interquartile range: 1.9, 5.5). Number of identified JORRP case-patients declined from a baseline of 165 born in 2004-2005 to 36 born in 2012-2013. Incidence of JORRP per 100 000 births using national data declined from 2.0 cases in 2004-2005 to 0.5 cases in 2012-2013 (IRR = 0.2, 95% CI = .1-.4); incidence using state-level data declined from 2.9 cases in 2004-2005 to 0.7 cases in 2012-2013 (IRR = 0.2, 95% CI = .1-.4). CONCLUSIONS Over a decade, numbers of JORRP case-patients and incidences declined significantly. Incidences calculated using national denominator data are likely underestimates; those calculated using state-level denominator data could be overestimates. These declines are most likely due to HPV vaccination. Increasing vaccination uptake could lead to elimination of this HPV-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa Meites
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Laura Stone
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Raiza Amiling
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Vidisha Singh
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Unger
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Craig S Derkay
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
- Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Lauri E Markowitz
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Huang R, Gan R, Zhang D, Xiao J. The comparative safety of human papillomavirus vaccines: A Bayesian network meta-analysis. J Med Virol 2021; 94:729-736. [PMID: 34453758 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The safety of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines, one of the major challenges to public vaccination, has been controversial. This study assessed the adverse reactions of various HPV vaccines, including bivalent HPV (2vHPV), quadrivalent HPV (4vHPV), and 9-valent HPV (9vHPV) vaccines. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Central databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the comparative safety of HPV vaccines. A network meta-analysis was performed based on the Bayesian framework random-effects model. RESULTS This study included 23 RCTs. Analysis across these reports indicated that the 2vHPV vaccine was associated with significantly more systemic adverse events than the 4vHPV vaccine (risk ratio [RR]: 1.28, 95% credible interval [CrI]: 1.14-1.44), 9vHPV vaccine (RR: 1.25, 95% CrI: 1.06-1.49), and placebo (RR: 1.31, 95% CrI: 1.18-1.46). However, there were no statistically significant differences in serious adverse events between the vaccinated and placebo groups. For injection-site adverse events, there were substantial inconsistencies between the direct and indirect effects; therefore, the analysis results of the safety were presented only for systemic and serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS The 2vHPV vaccine resulted in more systemic adverse events than other vaccines and placebo. No significant differences in serious adverse events were observed. Further studies are needed to obtain more information regarding the safety of HPV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongdong Huang
- Center for Vaccine Clinical Research, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ruihuan Gan
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dongjuan Zhang
- Center for Vaccine Clinical Research, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianxiong Xiao
- Center for Vaccine Clinical Research, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
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Workowski KA, Bachmann LH, Chan PA, Johnston CM, Muzny CA, Park I, Reno H, Zenilman JM, Bolan GA. Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021. MMWR Recomm Rep 2021; 70:1-187. [PMID: 34292926 PMCID: PMC8344968 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.rr7004a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 750] [Impact Index Per Article: 250.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
These guidelines for the treatment of persons who have or are at risk for
sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were updated by CDC after consultation
with professionals knowledgeable in the field of STIs who met in Atlanta,
Georgia, June 11–14, 2019. The information in this report updates the
2015 guidelines. These guidelines discuss 1) updated recommendations for
treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis,
and Trichomonas vaginalis; 2) addition of
metronidazole to the recommended treatment regimen for pelvic inflammatory
disease; 3) alternative treatment options for bacterial vaginosis; 4) management
of Mycoplasma genitalium; 5) human papillomavirus vaccine
recommendations and counseling messages; 6) expanded risk factors for syphilis
testing among pregnant women; 7) one-time testing for hepatitis C infection; 8)
evaluation of men who have sex with men after sexual assault; and 9) two-step
testing for serologic diagnosis of genital herpes simplex virus. Physicians and
other health care providers can use these guidelines to assist in prevention and
treatment of STIs.
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Mix JM, Saraiya M, Thompson TD, Querec TD, Greek A, Tucker TC, Peters ES, Lynch CF, Hernandez BY, Copeland G, Goodman MT, Unger ER. Prevalence of human papillomavirus genotypes in high-grade cervical precancer and invasive cervical cancer from cancer registries before and after vaccine introduction in the United States. Cancer 2021; 127:3614-3621. [PMID: 34289090 PMCID: PMC10084843 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND US population-based cancer registries can be used for surveillance of human papillomavirus (HPV) types found in HPV-associated cancers. Using this framework, HPV prevalence among high-grade cervical precancers and invasive cervical cancers were compared before and after HPV vaccine availability. METHODS Archived tissue from 2 studies of cervical precancers and invasive cervical cancers diagnosed from 1993-2005 (prevaccine) were identified from 7 central cancer registries in Florida; Hawaii; Iowa; Kentucky; Louisiana; Los Angeles County, California; and Michigan; from 2014 through 2015 (postvaccine) cases were identified from 3 registries in Iowa, Kentucky, and Louisiana. HPV testing was performed using L1 consensus polymerase chain reaction analysis. HPV-type-specific prevalence was examined grouped by hierarchical attribution to vaccine types: HPV 16, 18, HPV 31, 33, 45, 52, 58, other oncogenic HPV types, and other types/HPV negative. Generalized logit models were used to compare HPV prevalence in the prevaccine study to the postvaccine study by patient age, adjusting for sampling factors. RESULTS A total of 676 precancers (328 prevaccine and 348 postvaccine) and 1140 invasive cervical cancers (777 prevaccine and 363 postvaccine) were typed. No differences were observed in HPV-type prevalence by patient age between the 2 studies among precancers or invasive cancers. CONCLUSIONS The lack of reduction in vaccine-type prevalence between the 2 studies is likely explained by the low number of cases and low HPV vaccination coverage among women in the postvaccine study. Monitoring HPV-type prevalence through population-based strategies will continue to be important in evaluating the impact of the HPV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Mix
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - Mona Saraiya
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Troy D Querec
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - April Greek
- Department of Health Research, Battelle, Seattle, Washington
| | - Thomas C Tucker
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Edward S Peters
- School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Charles F Lynch
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Brenda Y Hernandez
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Glenn Copeland
- Division for Vital Records and Health Statistics, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing, Michigan
| | - Marc T Goodman
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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Raymond S, Li L, Taioli E, Nash D, Liu B. The effect of the Affordable Care Act dependent coverage provision on HPV vaccine uptake in young adult women, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2016. Prev Med 2021; 148:106536. [PMID: 33798531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine protects against cancers caused by HPV. The study objective was to examine the effect of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) dependent child coverage provision on HPV vaccination initiation, HPV vaccine completion, HPV infection, and health insurance coverage among young women. Using cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2172 female participants were included. The impact of the dependent coverage provision on the four outcomes was examined using difference-in-difference analyses with linear probability regressions, controlling for race/ethnicity, age, income, head of household education, and family employment. ACA exposure group was operationalized by age, with those targeted by the dependent coverage provision (ages 19-25) serving as the intervention group and those similar in age but not targeted (ages 18 and 26) serving as the control group. From 2007 to 2016, HPV vaccine initiation, HPV vaccine completion, and health insurance prevalence increased and HPV infection prevalence decreased. In the difference-in-difference adjusted models, ACA exposure was not associated with HPV vaccine initiation (0.045 percentage points [95% CI -0.087, 0.178]), completion (-0.044 percentage points [95% CI -0.152, 0.063]), HPV 16/18 infection (-0.051 percentage points [95% CI -0.123, 0.021]), or health insurance (0.065 percentage points [95% CI -0.032, 0.162]) among women aged 19 to 25. The dependent coverage provision may not have addressed relevant barriers to HPV vaccination. However, given that the effect of the dependent coverage provision on HPV vaccination and health insurance has been demonstrated previously, small sample size is a concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Raymond
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, City University of New York (CUNY) School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America.
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Emanuela Taioli
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America; Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Denis Nash
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, City University of New York (CUNY) School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America; Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, CUNY, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Bian Liu
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America; Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
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Kukimoto I, Matsumoto K, Takahashi F, Iwata T, Tanaka K, Yamaguchi-Naka M, Yamamoto K, Yahata H, Nakabayashi M, Kato H, Tsuda N, Onuki M, Yaegashi N. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Genotyping Assay Suitable for Monitoring the Impact of the 9-Valent HPV Vaccine. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2021; 251:287-294. [PMID: 32759554 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.251.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In Japan, a bivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine against carcinogenic HPV16/18 was licensed in 2009, and a quadrivalent vaccines against HPV16/18 and non-carcinogenic HPV6/11 was licensed in 2011. Recently, the next-generation 9-valent vaccine targeting HPV6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58 has been approved. Accurate HPV genotyping is essential for HPV vaccine research and surveillance. The Roche Linear Array (LA) has long been a standard assay for HPV genotyping, but its recent product discontinuation notice has urged us to introduce an alternative assay with comparable performance. In the present study, an in-house HPV genotyping assay that employs PCR with PGMY09/11 primers and reverse blotting hybridization (PGMY-CHUV) was compared with LA to assess genotype-specific agreement. A total of 100 cervical precancer specimens were subjected to both PGMY-CHUV and LA. For detection of genotypes included in the 9-valent vaccine, PGMY-CHUV completely agreed with LA for detection of HPV6, HPV11, HPV16, HPV18, HPV33 and HPV45, and showed near-complete agreement for HPV31 and HPV58 (98% and 99%, respectively). Moreover, PGMY-CHUV detected a significantly higher prevalence of HPV52 than LA (22% vs. 14%, P = 0.008 by McNemar's exact test), with 92.0% overall agreement, 63.6% positive agreement and a kappa value of 0.73. Most (87.5%) of HPV52 discordant cases involved mixed infections with HPV35 or HPV58. In conclusion, while the two assays present equivalent data for assessing the effectiveness of the bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines, PGMY-CHUV is more suitable for evaluating the impact of the current 9-valent vaccine because of its superior detection of HPV52 in co-infection cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwao Kukimoto
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Koji Matsumoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Fumiaki Takahashi
- Division of Medical Engineering, Department of Information Science, Iwate Medical University
| | - Takashi Iwata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Kohsei Tanaka
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Mayuko Yamaguchi-Naka
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine
| | | | - Hideaki Yahata
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | | | | | - Naotake Tsuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Mamiko Onuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
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Pierre-Victor D, Stephens D, Gabbidon K, Jean-Baptiste N, Clarke R, Madhivanan P. Conversations about sexual activity within Haitian families: implications for HPV vaccine uptake. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2021; 26:571-584. [PMID: 30353738 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2018.1539221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Parents play an integral role in young adults' sexual health including human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine decision-making. The objective of this study was to explore conversations regarding sexual activity in Haitian households and the influence of such conversations on young Haitian women's HPV vaccine discussion with their parents.Methods: From a large university in the southeastern United States, 30 Haitian-American college women (ages 17-26) were recruited for semi-structured in-depth interviews. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis.Results: Most participants stated that they either did not have conversations regarding sexual activity or the conversations that they had were described as 'uncomfortable' or 'awkward'. Many participants stated that once parents knew that HPV is sexually transmitted, their discussions about the vaccine would be considered an announcement of their sexual debut or sexual activity. Hence, many decided to not discuss the HPV vaccine with their parents.Conclusion: Findings have important implications for HPV vaccine uptake. Results showed that a lack of conversations about sexual activity within Haitian households led to limited discussions about the HPV vaccine among young Haitian-American college women and their parents. Future HPV vaccine uptake efforts should integrate familial and cultural beliefs about female sexuality, while focusing on cervical cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dudith Pierre-Victor
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Dionne Stephens
- College of Arts and Science, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kemesha Gabbidon
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Rachel Clarke
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Purnima Madhivanan
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Public Health Research Institute of India, Mysore, India
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Oliveira CR, Ortiz AM, Sheth SS, Shapiro ED, Niccolai LM. Effectiveness of HPV vaccine by age at vaccination and number of doses: protocol for a population-based matched case-control study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e043093. [PMID: 33875441 PMCID: PMC8057558 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2006, the first human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the USA based on pre-licensure clinical trials that found it to be highly efficacious at preventing persistent infection and precancerous, high-grade cervical lesions (HGCLs) caused by viral types the vaccine protects against. However, the real-world effectiveness of HPV vaccines as used in clinical practice may be quite different from the efficacy found in pre-licensure clinical trials. More than 10 years have passed since the introduction of the vaccine programme. It is critical to determine if the full benefits of HPV are being realised in real-world settings. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The objectives of this study were to estimate the effectiveness of HPV vaccines as used in real-world clinical settings and to determine the degree to which the vaccine's effectiveness varies based on age at the time of immunisation and the number of doses received. The study will be a population-based, matched case-control study. Cases will be women with newly diagnosed HGCL associated with HPV types 16 and 18. Matched controls will be women with a normal Pap test result, matched individually to cases in a 2:1 ratio by age, a practice and date of testing. Medical records will be reviewed to determine dates of receipt of the HPV vaccine for all participants. We will use multivariate conditional logistic regression to control for potential confounders. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This protocol presents minimal risk to the subjects. This protocol has received approval from the Institutional Review Board of Yale University (HIC: 1502015308), and a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Waiver of Authorisation has been granted to allow investigators to recruit subjects for the study. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed, open-access scientific journals and conference presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R Oliveira
- Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Sangini S Sheth
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Eugene D Shapiro
- Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Linda M Niccolai
- Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Adesina A, Olufemi E, Oluwatosin O, Kayode O, Babatunde A, Babalola C, Michael G. Do Health-Seeking Populations Know the Link Between Human Papillomavirus and Oropharyngeal Cancer? A Cross-Sectional Study in a Nigerian Population. INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY OF COMMUNITY HEALTH EDUCATION 2021; 43:153-160. [PMID: 33818212 DOI: 10.1177/0272684x211006616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human papillomavirus (HPV) has been causally linked to oropharyngeal cancers. The extent to which the population is aware of this link has not been explored in Nigeria. We aim to investigate the knowledge of the link between HPV and oropharyngeal cancers in a health-seeking population in Nigeria.Methodology: We used a cross-sectional study design, with a multi-stage sampling method comprising a cluster of four health facilities and first-time adult patients attending the general outpatient clinics of the selected health facilities. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was be used to obtain demographic information, social history, HPV awareness, HPV vaccination and the link between HPV and oropharyngeal cancer. RESULTS A total of 1,000 respondents completed the survey from four health facilities in Lagos, Nigeria. Majority of respondents were below 40 years (61.5%), and female (53.4%). About 13.4% of the study population were aware of HPV, and 7.9% of HPV vaccines. The most common source of HPV information for respondents who were aware of HPV was the internet (65.4%). Only 7.7% of respondents knew the link between HPV and oropharyngeal cancer. Significant predictors of knowledge of the link between HPV and oropharyngeal cancer were higher education [p: 0.012], higher overall knowledge of HPV risk factors and complications [p: 0.000]; and awareness of HPV vaccine [p: 0.020]. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a lack of public knowledge of the link between HPV and oropharyngeal cancer. These findings could inform health promotion measures for oropharyngeal cancer, particularly for groups where knowledge is lowest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodele Adesina
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, General Hospital Odan, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Erinoso Olufemi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Odukoya Oluwatosin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, General Hospital Odan, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Obigbesan Kayode
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, General Hospital Odan, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Alli Babatunde
- Faculty of Dental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Castano Babalola
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, General Hospital Odan, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Gbotolorun Michael
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Lagos/Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos State, Nigeria
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Diţescu D, Istrate-Ofiţeru AM, Roşu GC, Iovan L, Liliac IM, Zorilă GL, Bălăşoiu M, Cercelaru L. Clinical and pathological aspects of condyloma acuminatum - review of literature and case presentation. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY = REVUE ROUMAINE DE MORPHOLOGIE ET EMBRYOLOGIE 2021; 62:369-383. [PMID: 35024725 PMCID: PMC8848243 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.62.2.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Condyloma acuminatum (CA) is a pathology caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). It is manifested by the appearance of warts in the vulvar, pubic, and anorectal regions, but can occur in other areas. It is a common disease that can be prevented by using measures such as condoms or vaccine. Topical, local, pharmacological, surgical, and excisional therapy options are available for this pathology. Macroscopically, it appears as a vegetative tumor, with a single implantation base that branches towards the periphery, with a cauliflower appearance. CA is defined microscopically by acanthosis, parakeratosis, papillomatosis and koilocytosis. Immunohistochemical studies can detect the presence of various HPV strains or viral antigens and can emphasize certain specific characteristics; e.g., in the case presented in this study, we observed that the tumor had a fulminant evolution due to a strong vascular base identified with anti-cluster of differentiation (CD) 34 antibody, by the existence of epithelial cells with a high degree of cell proliferation, as evidenced by the anti-Ki67 antibody, the inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene and the appearance of immunolabeling for the anti-p53 antibody, by the strong immunoreactivity for p63 which reveals the existence of cells with dysplastic and neoplastic transformation potential, but also by detecting the immunolabeling for p16INK4a that is associated with the existence of HPV. Also, the tumor was immunoreactive for cytokeratin (CK) AE1/AE3, partially immunoreactive for CK5/6 in the basal layer and negative for CK7, which demonstrates the squamous epithelial origin of the described tumor. Subepithelial cells of the inflammatory system have been identified, such as macrophages immunolabeled with anti-CD68 antibody, T-lymphocytes immunolabeled with anti-CD3 antibody and rare B-lymphocytes immunolabeled with anti-CD20 antibody, which demonstrates the strong cellular response to remove the virus from the structure. Surgical and excisional treatment was helpful for the patient, because she was able to resume normal sexual activity and defecation, and on the other hand, microscopic studies showed the potential for malignant transformation of CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Diţescu
- Department of Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania; ,
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50
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Chesson HW, Laprise JF, Brisson M, Martin D, Ekwueme DU, Markowitz LE. The Estimated Lifetime Medical Cost of Diseases Attributable to Human Papillomavirus Infections Acquired in 2018. Sex Transm Dis 2021; 48:278-284. [PMID: 33492104 PMCID: PMC9969310 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We estimated the lifetime medical costs of diagnosed cases of diseases attributable to human papillomavirus (HPV) infections acquired in 2018. METHODS We adapted an existing mathematical model of HPV transmission and associated diseases to estimate the lifetime number of diagnosed cases of disease (genital warts; cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; and cervical, vaginal, vulvar, penile, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers) attributable to HPV infections that were acquired in 2018. For each of these outcomes, we multiplied the estimated number of cases by the estimated lifetime medical cost per case obtained from previous studies. We estimated the costs of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in a separate calculation. Future costs were discounted at 3% annually. RESULTS The estimated discounted lifetime medical cost of diseases attributable to HPV infections acquired in 2018 among people aged 15 to 59 years was $774 million (in 2019 US dollars), of which approximately half was accounted for by infections in those aged 15 to 24 years. Human papillomavirus infections in women accounted for approximately 90% of the lifetime number of diagnosed cases of disease and 70% of the lifetime cost attributable to HPV infections acquired in 2018 among those aged 15 to 59 years. CONCLUSIONS We estimated the lifetime medical costs of diseases attributable to HPV infections acquired in 2018 to be $774 million. This estimate is lower than previous estimates, likely due to the impact of HPV vaccination. The lifetime cost of disease attributable to incident HPV infections is expected to decrease further over time as HPV vaccination coverage increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrell W. Chesson
- Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Marc Brisson
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Dave Martin
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Donatus U. Ekwueme
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lauri E. Markowitz
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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