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Van Hul M, Neyrinck AM, Everard A, Abot A, Bindels LB, Delzenne NM, Knauf C, Cani PD. Role of the intestinal microbiota in contributing to weight disorders and associated comorbidities. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024:e0004523. [PMID: 38940505 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00045-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYThe gut microbiota is a major factor contributing to the regulation of energy homeostasis and has been linked to both excessive body weight and accumulation of fat mass (i.e., overweight, obesity) or body weight loss, weakness, muscle atrophy, and fat depletion (i.e., cachexia). These syndromes are characterized by multiple metabolic dysfunctions including abnormal regulation of food reward and intake, energy storage, and low-grade inflammation. Given the increasing worldwide prevalence of obesity, cachexia, and associated metabolic disorders, novel therapeutic strategies are needed. Among the different mechanisms explaining how the gut microbiota is capable of influencing host metabolism and energy balance, numerous studies have investigated the complex interactions existing between nutrition, gut microbes, and their metabolites. In this review, we discuss how gut microbes and different microbiota-derived metabolites regulate host metabolism. We describe the role of the gut barrier function in the onset of inflammation in this context. We explore the importance of the gut-to-brain axis in the regulation of energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism but also the key role played by the liver. Finally, we present specific key examples of how using targeted approaches such as prebiotics and probiotics might affect specific metabolites, their signaling pathways, and their interactions with the host and reflect on the challenges to move from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Van Hul
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
- NeuroMicrobiota, International Research Program (IRP) INSERM/UCLouvain, France/Belgium
| | - Audrey M Neyrinck
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amandine Everard
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | | | - Laure B Bindels
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Nathalie M Delzenne
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claude Knauf
- NeuroMicrobiota, International Research Program (IRP) INSERM/UCLouvain, France/Belgium
- INSERM U1220, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD), Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrice D Cani
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
- NeuroMicrobiota, International Research Program (IRP) INSERM/UCLouvain, France/Belgium
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Brussels, Belgium
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2
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Gélineau A, Marcelin G, Ouhachi M, Dussaud S, Voland L, Manuel R, Baba I, Rouault C, Yvan-Charvet L, Clément K, Tussiwand R, Huby T, Gautier EL. Fructooligosaccharides benefits on glucose homeostasis upon high-fat diet feeding require type 2 conventional dendritic cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5413. [PMID: 38926424 PMCID: PMC11208547 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49820-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diet composition impacts metabolic health and is now recognized to shape the immune system, especially in the intestinal tract. Nutritional imbalance and increased caloric intake are induced by high-fat diet (HFD) in which lipids are enriched at the expense of dietary fibers. Such nutritional challenge alters glucose homeostasis as well as intestinal immunity. Here, we observed that short-term HFD induced dysbiosis, glucose intolerance and decreased intestinal RORγt+ CD4 T cells, including peripherally-induced Tregs and IL17-producing (Th17) T cells. However, supplementation of HFD-fed male mice with the fermentable dietary fiber fructooligosaccharides (FOS) was sufficient to maintain RORγt+ CD4 T cell subsets and microbial species known to induce them, alongside having a beneficial impact on glucose tolerance. FOS-mediated normalization of Th17 cells and amelioration of glucose handling required the cDC2 dendritic cell subset in HFD-fed animals, while IL-17 neutralization limited FOS impact on glucose tolerance. Overall, we uncover a pivotal role of cDC2 in the control of the immune and metabolic effects of FOS in the context of HFD feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adélaïde Gélineau
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm, Research Unit on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Geneviève Marcelin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm, Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic approaches research group, NutriOmics, Paris, France
| | - Melissa Ouhachi
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm, Research Unit on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Dussaud
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm, Research Unit on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Lise Voland
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm, Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic approaches research group, NutriOmics, Paris, France
| | - Raoul Manuel
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm, Research Unit on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Ines Baba
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm, Research Unit on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Christine Rouault
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm, Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic approaches research group, NutriOmics, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Yvan-Charvet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm, Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Atip-Avenir, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) Oncoage, Nice, France
| | - Karine Clément
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm, Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic approaches research group, NutriOmics, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, service de Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Roxane Tussiwand
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thierry Huby
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm, Research Unit on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel L Gautier
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm, Research Unit on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
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3
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Baghel K, Khan A, Kango N. Role of Synbiotics (Prebiotics and Probiotics) as Dietary Supplements in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Induced Health Complications. J Diet Suppl 2024:1-32. [PMID: 38622882 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2024.2340509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder whose prevalence has become a worrying condition in recent decades. Chronic diabetes can result in serious health conditions such as impaired kidney function, stroke, blindness, and myocardial infarction. Despite a variety of currently available treatments, cases of diabetes and its complications are on the rise. This review article provides a comprehensive account of the ameliorative effect of prebiotics and probiotics individually or in combination i.e. synbiotics on health complications induced by Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Recent advances in the field underscore encouraging outcomes suggesting the consumption of synbiotics leads to favorable changes in the gut microbiota. These changes result in the production of bioactive metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (crucial for lowering blood sugar levels), reducing inflammation, preventing insulin resistance, and encouraging the release of glucagon-like peptide-1 in the host. Notably, novel strategies supplementing synbiotics to support gut microbiota are gaining attraction as pivotal interventions in mitigating T2DM-induced health complications. Thus, by nurturing a symbiotic relationship between prebiotics and probiotics i.e. synbiotics, these interventions hold promise in reshaping the microbial landscape of the gut thereby offering a multifaceted approach to managing T2DM and its associated morbidities. Supporting the potential of synbiotics underscores a paradigm shift toward holistic and targeted interventions in diabetes management, offering prospects for improved outcomes and enhanced quality of life for affected individuals. Nevertheless, more research needs to be done to better understand the single and multispecies pre/pro and synbiotics in the prevention and management of T2DM-induced health complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Baghel
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP, India
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP, India
| | - Aamir Khan
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP, India
| | - Naveen Kango
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP, India
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El-Nashar HAS, Taleb M, El-Shazly M, Zhao C, Farag MA. Polysaccharides (pectin, mucilage, and fructan inulin) and their fermented products: A critical analysis of their biochemical, gut interactions, and biological functions as antidiabetic agents. Phytother Res 2024; 38:662-693. [PMID: 37966040 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a globally metabolic endocrine syndrome marked by a deficiency of insulin secretion (type-1 DM) or glucose intolerance arising from insulin response impairment (type-2 DM) leading to abnormal glucose metabolism. With an increasing interest in natural dietary components for diabetes management, the identification of novel agents witnessed major discoveries. Plant-derived mucilage, pectin, and inulin are important non-starch polysaccharides that exhibit effective antidiabetic properties often termed soluble dietary fiber (SDF). SDF affects sugar metabolism through multiple mechanisms affecting glucose absorption and diffusion, modulation of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase), ameliorating β-pancreatic cell dysfunction, and improving insulin release or sensitivity. Certain SDFs inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and influence the expression levels of genes related to glucose metabolism. This review is designed to discuss holistically and critically the antidiabetic effects of major SDF and their underlying mechanisms of action. This review should aid drug discovery approaches in developing novel natural antidiabetic drugs from SDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A S El-Nashar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Taleb
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University-Gaza, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Khan FF, Sohail A, Ghazanfar S, Ahmad A, Riaz A, Abbasi KS, Ibrahim MS, Uzair M, Arshad M. Recent Innovations in Non-dairy Prebiotics and Probiotics: Physiological Potential, Applications, and Characterization. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:239-263. [PMID: 36063353 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09983-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Non-dairy sources of prebiotics and probiotics impart various physiological functions in the prevention and management of chronic metabolic disorders, therefore nutraceuticals emerged as a potential industry. Extraction of prebiotics from non-dairy sources is economical and easily implemented. Waste products during food processing, including fruit peels and fruit skins, can be utilized as a promising source of prebiotics and considered "Generally Recognized As Safe" for human consumption. Prebiotics from non-dairy sources have a significant impact on gut microbiota and reduce the population of pathogenic bacteria. Similarly, next-generation probiotics could also be isolated from non-dairy sources. These sources have considerable potential and can give novel strains of probiotics, which can be the replacement for dairy sources. Such strains isolated from non-dairy sources have good probiotic properties and can be used as therapeutic. This review will elaborate on the potential non-dairy sources of prebiotics and probiotics, their characterization, and significant physiological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fasiha Fayyaz Khan
- Institute of Food and Nutritional Sciences (IFNS), Department of Food Technology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah (PMAS), Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan.
| | - Asma Sohail
- Institute of Food and Nutritional Sciences (IFNS), Department of Food Technology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah (PMAS), Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Shakira Ghazanfar
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Genomics and Agriculture Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agriculture Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan
| | - Asif Ahmad
- Institute of Food and Nutritional Sciences (IFNS), Department of Food Technology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah (PMAS), Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Aayesha Riaz
- Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Department of Parasitology & Microbiology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah (PMAS), Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Sarfraz Abbasi
- Institute of Food and Nutritional Sciences (IFNS), Department of Food Technology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah (PMAS), Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail Ibrahim
- Institute of Food and Nutritional Sciences (IFNS), Department of Food Technology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah (PMAS), Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Uzair
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
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6
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Tactics with Prebiotics for the Treatment of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease via the Improvement of Mitophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065465. [PMID: 36982539 PMCID: PMC10049478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy/autophagy plays a protective role in various forms of liver damage, by renovating cellular metabolism linking to sustain liver homeostasis. A characterized pathway for mitophagy is the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin-dependent signaling pathway. In particular, PINK1-mediated mitophagy could play an indispensable role in improving the metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) which could precede to steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway might regulate the various characteristics of cellular homeostasis including energy metabolism, cell proliferation, and/or cell protection. Therefore, targeting mitophagy with the alteration of PI3K/AKT/mTOR or PINK1/Parkin-dependent signaling to eliminate impaired mitochondria might be an attractive strategy for the treatment of MAFLD. In particular, the efficacy of prebiotics for the treatment of MAFLD has been suggested to be useful via the modulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/AMPK pathway. Additionally, several edible phytochemicals could activate mitophagy for the improvement of mitochondrial damages, which could also be a promising option to treat MAFLD with providing liver protection. Here, the potential therapeutics with several phytochemicals has been discussed for the treatment of MAFLD. Tactics with a viewpoint of prospective probiotics might contribute to the development of therapeutic interventions.
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Martínez-Ramírez OC, Salazar-Piña A, Cerón-Ramírez X, Rubio-Lightbourn J, Torres-Romero F, Casas-Avila L, Castro-Hernández C. Effect of Inulin Intervention on Metabolic Control and Methylation of INS and IRS1 Genes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235195. [PMID: 36501225 PMCID: PMC9737482 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Currently, treatments are being sought to improve the control of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and inulin has been shown to be effective in reducing glucose levels and other metabolic control parameters. These effects on metabolic control may be associated with changes in the epigenetic modulation of genes of the insulin pathway. Therefore, our objective is to determine the effect of agave inulin in metabolic control parameters and in INS and IRS1 genes' methylation in T2DM patients. METHODS This was a longitudinal experimental study with 67 Mexican participants who received an intervention of inulin agave (10 g daily) for 2 months. The methylation of the INS and IRS1 genes was determined by MSP. RESULTS For the INS gene, we found a significant decrease in the proportions of T2DM patients with methylated DNA after inulin intervention (p = 0.0001). In contrast, the difference in the proportions of the unmethylated IRS1 gene before and after the inulin intervention was not significant (p = 0.79). On the other hand, we observed changes in the number of T2DM patients' recommended categories for metabolic control depending on the methylation of INS and IRS1 genes before and after treatment with inulin. CONCLUSION For the first time, we report the modification in the methylation of two genes, INS and IRS1, of the insulin pathway and provide information on the possible relevant role of epigenetics as a key factor in positive changes in metabolic control parameters by inulin intake in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ollin Celeste Martínez-Ramírez
- Facultad de Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca C.P. 62350, Morelos, Mexico
- Correspondence:
| | - Azucena Salazar-Piña
- Facultad de Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca C.P. 62350, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Ximena Cerón-Ramírez
- Facultad de Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca C.P. 62350, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Julieta Rubio-Lightbourn
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Fernando Torres-Romero
- Facultad de Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca C.P. 62350, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Leonora Casas-Avila
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 14389, Mexico
| | - Clementina Castro-Hernández
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México C.P. 14080, Mexico
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Paone P, Suriano F, Jian C, Korpela K, Delzenne NM, Van Hul M, Salonen A, Cani PD. Prebiotic oligofructose protects against high-fat diet-induced obesity by changing the gut microbiota, intestinal mucus production, glycosylation and secretion. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2152307. [PMID: 36448728 PMCID: PMC9715274 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2152307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, and gut microbiota plays a key role in influencing the host energy homeostasis. Moreover, obese mice have a different gut microbiota composition, associated with an alteration of the intestinal mucus layer, which represents the interface between the bacteria and the host. We previously demonstrated that prebiotic treatment with oligofructose (FOS) counteracted the effects of diet-induced obesity, together with changes in the gut microbiota composition, but it is not known if the intestinal mucus layer could be involved. In this study, we found that, in addition to preventing high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity in mice, the treatment with FOS increased the expression of numerous genes involved in mucus production, glycosylation and secretion, the expression of both secreted and transmembrane mucins, and the differentiation and number of goblet cells. These results were associated with significant changes in the gut microbiota composition, with FOS significantly increasing the relative and absolute abundance of the bacterial genera Odoribacter, Akkermansia, two unknown Muribaculaceae and an unknown Ruminococcaceae. Interestingly, all these bacterial genera had a negative association with metabolic parameters and a positive association with markers of the mucus layer. Our study shows that FOS treatment is able to prevent HFD-induced metabolic disorders, at least in part, by acting on all the processes of the mucus production. These data suggest that targeting the mucus and the gut microbiota by using prebiotics could help to prevent or mitigate obesity and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Paone
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Francesco Suriano
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Ching Jian
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katri Korpela
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nathalie M. Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthias Van Hul
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Anne Salonen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Patrice D. Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium,CONTACT Patrice D. Cani Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Wahl L, Raschke M, Wittmann J, Regler A, Heelemann S, Brandsch C, Stangl GI, Vervuert I. Effects of atherogenic diet supplemented with fermentable carbohydrates on metabolic responses and plaque formation in coronary arteries using a Saddleback pig model. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275214. [PMID: 36206259 PMCID: PMC9543622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermentable carbohydrates are gaining interest in the field of human nutrition because of their benefits in obesity-related comorbidities. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of fermentable carbohydrates, such as pectin and inulin, in an atherogenic diet on metabolic responses and plaque formation in coronary arteries using a Saddleback pig model. Forty-eight healthy pigs aged five months were divided into four feeding groups (n = 10) and one baseline group (n = 8). Three feeding groups received an atherogenic diet (38% crisps, 10% palm fat, and 2% sugar with or without supplementation of 5% pectin or inulin), and one group received a conventional diet over 15 weeks. Feed intake, weight gain, body condition score, and back fat thickness were monitored regularly. Blood and fecal samples were collected monthly to assess the metabolites associated with high cardiovascular risk and fat content, respectively. At the end of 15 weeks, the coronary arteries of the pigs were analyzed for atherosclerotic plaque formation. Independent of supplementation, significant changes were observed in lipid metabolism, such as an increase in triglycerides, bile acids, and cholesterol in serum, in all groups fed atherogenic diets in comparison to the conventional group. Serum metabolome analysis showed differentiation of the feeding groups by diet (atherogenic versus conventional diet) but not by supplementation with pectin or inulin. Cardiovascular lesions were found in all feeding groups and in the baseline group. Supplementation of pectin or inulin in the atherogenic diet had no significant impact on cardiovascular lesion size. Saddleback pigs can develop naturally occurring plaques in coronary arteries. Therefore, this pig model offers potential for further research on the effects of dietary intervention on obesity-related comorbidities, such as cardiovascular lesions, in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Wahl
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Nutrition Diseases and Dietetics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany,Competence Cluster of Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Melina Raschke
- Competence Cluster of Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany,Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | | | | | - Corinna Brandsch
- Competence Cluster of Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany,Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Gabriele I. Stangl
- Competence Cluster of Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany,Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ingrid Vervuert
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Nutrition Diseases and Dietetics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany,Competence Cluster of Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany,* E-mail:
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Yan F, Tian S, Du K, Xue X, Gao P, Chen Z. Preparation and nutritional properties of xylooligosaccharide from agricultural and forestry byproducts: A comprehensive review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:977548. [PMID: 36176637 PMCID: PMC9513447 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.977548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylooligosaccharide (XOS) are functional oligosaccharides with prebiotic activities, which originate from lignocellulosic biomass and have attracted extensive attention from scholars in recent years. This paper summarizes the strategies used in the production of XOS, and introduces the raw materials, preparation methods, and purification technology of XOS. In addition, the biological characteristics and applications of XOS are also presented. The most commonly recommended XOS production strategy is the two-stage method of alkaline pre-treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis; and further purification by membrane filtration to achieve the high yield of XOS is required for prebiotic function. At the same time, new strategies and technologies such as the hydrothermal and steam explosion have been used as pre-treatment methods combined with enzymatic hydrolysis to prepare XOS. XOS have many critical physiological activities, especially in regulating blood glucose, reducing blood lipid, and improving the structure of host intestinal flora.
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11
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Cao W, Liu F, Li RW, Chin Y, Wang Y, Xue C, Tang Q. Docosahexaenoic acid-rich fish oil prevented insulin resistance by modulating gut microbiome and promoting colonic peptide YY expression in diet-induced obesity mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Bai JB, Ge JC, Zhang WJ, Liu W, Luo JP, Xu FQ, Wu DL, Xie SZ. Physicochemical, morpho-structural, and biological characterization of polysaccharides from three Polygonatum spp. RSC Adv 2021; 11:37952-37965. [PMID: 35498116 PMCID: PMC9044025 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07214e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygonatum species, including P. cyrtonema, P. kingianum, and P. sibiricum, are edible plants with medicinal purposes, which have long been consumed as food due to their high nutritional value. In this study, polysaccharides from P. cyrtonema (PCP), P. kingianum (PKP) and P. sibiricum (PSP) were obtained, and their physicochemical properties and in vitro biological activities were investigated. Our results demonstrated that PCP, PKP, and PSP consist of major fructose and minor glucose, galacturonic acid, and galactose in different molar ratios with the molecular weights of 8.5 × 103 Da, 8.7 × 103 Da, and 1.0 × 104 Da, respectively. The three polysaccharides had triple-helical structures with β-d-Fruf, α-d-Glcp, α-d-Galp sugar residues, and an O-acetyl group, and displayed peak-shaped structures in different sizes. They also exhibited thermal, shear-thinning behavior and viscoelastic properties, and PCP presented the highest viscoelasticity. Moreover, they exerted strong free radical-scavenging abilities, and significant reducing capacity. PCP was the strongest, followed by PSP and then PKP. They significantly promoted the polarization of the M1 macrophage, with the effect of PCP ranking first. All three had similar effects on GLP-1 secretion. It is, therefore, necessary to identify the various roles of these three Polygonatum polysaccharides as functional agents based on their bioactivities and physicochemical properties. Three Polygonatum polysaccharides with different physicochemical properties exert distinct effects on free radical-scavenging abilities and the promotion of M1 macrophage polarization, while they have similar effects on GLP-1 secretion.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Bo Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Hefei Anhui 230012 China
| | - Ji-Chun Ge
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China
| | - Wang-Juan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Hefei Anhui 230012 China
| | - Wang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Hefei Anhui 230012 China
| | - Jian-Ping Luo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China
| | - Feng-Qing Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Hefei Anhui 230012 China .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine Hefei 230012 PR China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of New Manufacturing Technology for Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces Hefei 230012 PR China
| | - De-Ling Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Hefei Anhui 230012 China .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine Hefei 230012 PR China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of New Manufacturing Technology for Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces Hefei 230012 PR China
| | - Song-Zi Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Hefei Anhui 230012 China .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine Hefei 230012 PR China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of New Manufacturing Technology for Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces Hefei 230012 PR China
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13
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Li L, Li P, Xu L. Assessing the effects of inulin-type fructan intake on body weight, blood glucose, and lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:4598-4616. [PMID: 34401107 PMCID: PMC8358370 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inulin-type fructan (ITF) intake has been suggested to alleviate several features of metabolic syndrome including obesity, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia; yet, results from the human trials remained inconsistent. We aimed to systematically evaluate the effects of ITF intake on body weight, glucose homeostasis, and lipid profile on human subjects with different health status, including healthy, overweight and obese, prediabetes and diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) between ITF and control groups were calculated by a random-effects model. A total of 33 randomized controlled human trials were included. Significant effect of ITF intake was only observed in the diabetics, but not in the other subject groups. Specifically, ITF intervention significantly decreased the WMD of blood glucose (-0.42 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.71, -0.14; p = .004), total cholesterol (-0.46 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.75, -0.17; p = .002), and triglycerides (TAG) (-0.21 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.37, -0.05; p = .01) compared with the control. The stability of these favorable effects of ITF on diabetics was confirmed by sensitivity analysis. Also, ITF tends to lower LDL cholesterol (p = .084). But body weight and blood insulin were not affected by ITF intake. It should be noted that blood glucose, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol exhibited high unexplained heterogeneity. In conclusion, ITF intake lowers blood glucose, total cholesterol, and TAG in the people with diabetes, and they may benefit from addition of inulin into their diets, but the underlying mechanisms responsible for these effects are inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangkui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
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14
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A high-protein diet containing inulin/oligofructose supports body weight gain associated with lower energy expenditure and carbohydrate oxidation, and alters faecal microbiota in C57BL/6 mice. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e50. [PMID: 34290864 PMCID: PMC8278163 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prebiotic supplements and high-protein (HP) diets reduce body weight and modulate intestinal microbiota. Our aim was to elucidate the combined effect of an inulin/oligofructose (FOS) and HP diet on body weight gain, energy metabolism and faecal microbiota. Forty male C57BL/6NCrl mice were fed a control (C) diet for 2 weeks and allocated to a C or HP (40 % protein) diet including no or 10 % inulin/FOS (C + I and HP + I) for 4 weeks. Inulin/FOS was added in place of starch and cellulose. Body weight, food intake, faecal energy and nitrogen were determined. Indirect calorimetry and faecal microbiota analysis were performed after 3 weeks on diets. Body weight gain of HP-fed mice was 36 % lower than HP + I- and C-fed mice (P < 0⋅05). Diet digestibility and food conversion efficiency were higher in HP + I- than HP-fed mice (P < 0⋅01), while food intake was comparable between groups. Total energy expenditure (heat production) was 25 % lower in HP + I- than in C-, HP- and C + I-fed mice (P < 0⋅001). Carbohydrate oxidation tended to be 24 % higher in HP- than in HP + I-fed mice (P < 0⋅05). Faecal nitrogen excretion was 31-45 % lower in C-, C + I- and HP + I- than in HP-fed mice (P < 0⋅05). Faecal Bacteroides-Prevotella DNA was 2⋅3-fold higher in C + I- and HP + I- relative to C-fed mice (P < 0⋅05), but Clostridium leptum DNA abundances was 79 % lower in HP + I- than in HP-fed mice (P < 0⋅05). We suggest that the higher conversion efficiency of dietary energy of HP + I but not C + I-fed mice is caused by higher digestibility and lower heat production, resulting in increased body mass.
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15
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Chleilat F, Schick A, Reimer RA. Microbiota Changes in Fathers Consuming a High Prebiotic Fiber Diet Have Minimal Effects on Male and Female Offspring in Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:820. [PMID: 33801321 PMCID: PMC8001975 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consuming a diet high in prebiotic fiber has been associated with improved metabolic and gut microbial parameters intergenerationally, although studies have been limited to maternal intake with no studies examining this effect in a paternal model. METHOD Male Sprague Dawley rats were allocated to either (1) control or (2) oligofructose-supplemented diet for nine weeks and then mated. Offspring consumed control diet until 16 weeks of age. Bodyweight, body composition, glycemia, hepatic triglycerides, gastrointestinal hormones, and gut microbiota composition were measured in fathers and offspring. RESULTS Paternal energy intake was reduced, while satiety inducing peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) gut hormone was increased in prebiotic versus control fathers. Increased serum PYY persisted in female prebiotic adult offspring. Hepatic triglycerides were decreased in prebiotic fathers with a similar trend (p = 0.07) seen in female offspring. Gut microbial composition showed significantly reduced alpha diversity in prebiotic fathers at 9 and 12 weeks of age (p < 0.001), as well as concurrent differences in beta diversity (p < 0.001), characterized by differences in Bifidobacteriaceae, Lactobacillaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae, and particularly Bifidobacterium animalis. Female prebiotic offspring had higher alpha diversity at 3 and 9 weeks of age (p < 0.002) and differences in beta diversity at 15 weeks of age (p = 0.04). Increases in Bacteroidetes in female offspring and Christensenellaceae in male offspring were seen at nine weeks of age. CONCLUSIONS Although paternal prebiotic intake before conception improves metabolic and microbiota outcomes in fathers, effects on offspring were limited with increased serum satiety hormone levels and changes to only select gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faye Chleilat
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Alana Schick
- International Microbiome Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
| | - Raylene A. Reimer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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16
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Barbero-Becerra V, Juárez-Hernández E, Chávez-Tapia NC, Uribe M. Inulin as a Clinical Therapeutic Intervention in Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1867997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Juárez-Hernández
- Translational Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Misael Uribe
- Gastroenterology and Obesity Unit., Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
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17
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Daniel N, Lécuyer E, Chassaing B. Host/microbiota interactions in health and diseases-Time for mucosal microbiology! Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:1006-1016. [PMID: 33772148 PMCID: PMC8379076 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00383-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
During the last 20 years, a new field of research delineating the importance of the microbiota in health and diseases has emerged. Inappropriate host-microbiota interactions have been shown to trigger a wide range of chronic inflammatory diseases, and defining the exact mechanisms behind perturbations of such relationship, as well as ways by which these disturbances can lead to disease states, both remain to be fully elucidated. The mucosa-associated microbiota constitutes a recently studied microbial population closely linked with the promotion of chronic intestinal inflammation and associated disease states. This review will highlight seminal works that have brought into light the importance of the mucosa-associated microbiota in health and diseases, emphasizing the challenges and promises of expending the mucosal microbiology field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noëmie Daniel
- grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602INSERM U1016, team “Mucosal microbiota in chronic inflammatory diseases”, CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Emelyne Lécuyer
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Microenvironment & Immunity Unit, Pasteur Institute, INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602INSERM U1016, team “Mucosal microbiota in chronic inflammatory diseases”, CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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18
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Zhang Z, Yu X, Geng X. Protective role of three differently processed corn bran on glucose and lipid concentrations in d-galactose-induced mice model. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13281. [PMID: 32557758 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this research, the effects of three differently processed corn bran (corn bran soluble hemicellulose (HEM), hemicellulose hydrolyzed by oxalic acid (HOA), Amberlite XAD-2 eluate (XE)) on the changes of glucose and lipid concentrations of d-galactose (d-gal)-induced mice were investigated. The mice were divided into five groups and intragastric administration HEM, HOA, and XE at 200 mg/kg Body Weight (BW) for continuously 6 weeks. Mice were submitted under oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).Then, the serum insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1), serum C-peptide, hepatic glycogen (HG), muscle glycogen (MG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) of all the mice were detected. As we can see, by inducing with d-gal, the glucose and lipid concentrations of aging mice could be effectively regulated by HEM, HOA, and XE. High degree of esterification feruloylated oligosaccharides has the most obvious effect of regulating glucose and lipid concentrations. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Corn bran has not been fully paid attention owing to the rough taste and the poor water solubility. Actually, corn bran, a renewable resource available in a large quantity, could be a goods source of valuable consumer products. The results of this study indicated that three differently processed corn brans could regulate glucose and lipid concentrations and XE had the most obvious effect of regulating glucose and lipid concentrations. Corn bran could advantage as a new type of environmentally and inexpensive food supplements on reducing blood glucose and lipid concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaorong Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Geng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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19
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Tabasi M, Ashrafian F, Khezerloo JK, Eshghjoo S, Behrouzi A, Javadinia SA, Poursadegh F, Eybpoosh S, Ahmadi S, Radmanesh A, Soroush A, Siadat SD. Changes in Gut Microbiota and Hormones After Bariatric Surgery: a Bench-to-Bedside Review. Obes Surg 2020; 29:1663-1674. [PMID: 30793228 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-019-03779-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are among the most prevalent non-communicable diseases which are generally treated successfully by bariatric or sleeve surgery. There are evidences affirming that sleeve surgery can manipulate the pH of the stomach and interact with the metabolism of fatty acids, carbohydrates, and bile acid transfer, leading to the overgrowth of gut microbiota. Therefore, this study aims to review the changes in gut microbiota and hormones after bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Tabasi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Ave., Tehran, 13164, Iran
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ashrafian
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamil Kheirvari Khezerloo
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Eshghjoo
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology Department, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Ava Behrouzi
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Javadinia
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Farid Poursadegh
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sana Eybpoosh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ahmadi
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Radmanesh
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Soroush
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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20
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Pellizzon MA, Ricci MR. Choice of Laboratory Rodent Diet May Confound Data Interpretation and Reproducibility. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa031. [PMID: 32258990 PMCID: PMC7103427 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The reproducibility of experimental data is challenged by many factors in both clinical and preclinical research. In preclinical studies, several factors may be responsible, and diet is one variable that is commonly overlooked, especially by those not trained in nutrition. In particular, grain-based diets contain complex ingredients, each of which can provide multiple nutrients, non-nutrients, and contaminants, which may vary from batch to batch. Thus, even when choosing the same grain-based diet used in the past by others, its composition will likely differ. In contrast, purified diets contain refined ingredients that offer the ability to control the composition much more closely and maintain consistency from one batch to the next, while minimizing the presence of non-nutrients and contaminants. In this article, we provide several different examples or scenarios showing how the diet choice can alter data interpretation, potentially affecting reproducibility and knowledge gained within any given field of study.
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21
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Detection and isolation of protein susceptible indigenous bacteria affected by dietary milk-casein, albumen and soy-protein in the caecum of ICR mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 144:813-820. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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22
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Xavier-Santos D, Bedani R, Lima ED, Saad SMI. Impact of probiotics and prebiotics targeting metabolic syndrome. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Ye L, Mueller O, Bagwell J, Bagnat M, Liddle RA, Rawls JF. High fat diet induces microbiota-dependent silencing of enteroendocrine cells. eLife 2019; 8:48479. [PMID: 31793875 PMCID: PMC6937151 DOI: 10.7554/elife.48479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) are specialized sensory cells in the intestinal epithelium that sense and transduce nutrient information. Consumption of dietary fat contributes to metabolic disorders, but EEC adaptations to high fat feeding were unknown. Here, we established a new experimental system to directly investigate EEC activity in vivo using a zebrafish reporter of EEC calcium signaling. Our results reveal that high fat feeding alters EEC morphology and converts them into a nutrient insensitive state that is coupled to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We called this novel adaptation 'EEC silencing'. Gnotobiotic studies revealed that germ-free zebrafish are resistant to high fat diet induced EEC silencing. High fat feeding altered gut microbiota composition including enrichment of Acinetobacter bacteria, and we identified an Acinetobacter strain sufficient to induce EEC silencing. These results establish a new mechanism by which dietary fat and gut microbiota modulate EEC nutrient sensing and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Ye
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Olaf Mueller
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Jennifer Bagwell
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Michel Bagnat
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Rodger A Liddle
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - John F Rawls
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
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Sasaki H, Miyakawa H, Watanabe A, Nakayama Y, Lyu Y, Hama K, Shibata S. Mice Microbiota Composition Changes by Inulin Feeding with a Long Fasting Period under a Two-Meals-Per-Day Schedule. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112802. [PMID: 31744168 PMCID: PMC6893728 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Water-soluble dietary fiber is known to modulate fecal microbiota. Although there are a few reports investigating the effects of fiber intake timing on metabolism, there are none on the effect of intake timing on microbiota. Therefore, in this study, we examined the timing effects of inulin-containing food on fecal microbiota. Mice were housed under conditions with a two-meals-per-day schedule, with a long fasting period in the morning and a short fasting period in the evening. Then, 10-14 days after inulin intake, cecal content and feces were collected, and cecal pH and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were measured. The microbiome was determined using 16S rDNA sequencing. Inulin feeding in the morning rather than the evening decreased the cecal pH, increased SCFAs, and changed the microbiome composition. These data suggest that inulin is more easily digested by fecal microbiota during the active period than the inactive period. Furthermore, to confirm the effect of fasting length, mice were housed under a one-meal-per-day schedule. When the duration of fasting was equal, the difference between morning and evening nearly disappeared. Thus, our study demonstrates that consuming inulin at breakfast, which is generally after a longer fasting period, has a greater effect on the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Sasaki
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (H.S.); (H.M.); (A.W.); (Y.N.); (Y.L.); (K.H.)
- AIST-Waseda University Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory (CBBD-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miyakawa
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (H.S.); (H.M.); (A.W.); (Y.N.); (Y.L.); (K.H.)
| | - Aya Watanabe
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (H.S.); (H.M.); (A.W.); (Y.N.); (Y.L.); (K.H.)
| | - Yuki Nakayama
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (H.S.); (H.M.); (A.W.); (Y.N.); (Y.L.); (K.H.)
| | - Yijin Lyu
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (H.S.); (H.M.); (A.W.); (Y.N.); (Y.L.); (K.H.)
| | - Koki Hama
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (H.S.); (H.M.); (A.W.); (Y.N.); (Y.L.); (K.H.)
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (H.S.); (H.M.); (A.W.); (Y.N.); (Y.L.); (K.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5369-7318
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Le Dréan G, Pocheron AL, Billard H, Grit I, Pagniez A, Parnet P, Chappuis E, Rolli-Derkinderen M, Michel C. Neonatal Consumption of Oligosaccharides Greatly Increases L-Cell Density without Significant Consequence for Adult Eating Behavior. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11091967. [PMID: 31438620 PMCID: PMC6769936 DOI: 10.3390/nu11091967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligosaccharides (OS) are commonly added to infant formulas, however, their physiological impact, particularly on adult health programming, is poorly described. In adult animals, OS modify microbiota and stimulate colonic fermentation and enteroendocrine cell (EEC) activity. Since neonatal changes in microbiota and/or EEC density could be long-lasting and EEC-derived peptides do regulate short-term food intake, we hypothesized that neonatal OS consumption could modulate early EECs, with possible consequences for adult eating behavior. Suckling rats were supplemented with fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), beta-galacto-oligosaccharides/inulin (GOS/In) mix, alpha-galacto-oligosaccharides (αGOS) at 3.2 g/kg, or a control solution (CTL) between postnatal day (PND) 5 and 14/15. Pups were either sacrificed at PND14/15 or weaned at PND21 onto standard chow. The effects on both microbiota and EEC were characterized at PND14/15, and eating behavior at adulthood. Very early OS supplementation drastically impacted the intestinal environment, endocrine lineage proliferation/differentiation particularly in the ileum, and the density of GLP-1 cells and production of satiety-related peptides (GLP-1 and PYY) in the neonatal period. However, it failed to induce any significant lasting changes on intestinal microbiota, enteropeptide secretion or eating behavior later in life. Overall, the results did not demonstrate any OS programming effect on satiety peptides secreted by L-cells or on food consumption, an observation which is a reassuring outlook from a human perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenola Le Dréan
- Nantes Université, INRA, UMR1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France.
- IMAD, F-44000 Nantes, France.
- CRNH-Ouest, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Anne-Lise Pocheron
- Nantes Université, INRA, UMR1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France
- IMAD, F-44000 Nantes, France
- CRNH-Ouest, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Hélène Billard
- Nantes Université, INRA, UMR1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France
- IMAD, F-44000 Nantes, France
- CRNH-Ouest, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Isabelle Grit
- Nantes Université, INRA, UMR1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France
- IMAD, F-44000 Nantes, France
- CRNH-Ouest, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Anthony Pagniez
- Nantes Université, INRA, UMR1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France
- IMAD, F-44000 Nantes, France
- CRNH-Ouest, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Patricia Parnet
- Nantes Université, INRA, UMR1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France
- IMAD, F-44000 Nantes, France
- CRNH-Ouest, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Eric Chappuis
- Olygose, parc Technologique des Rives de l'Oise, F 60280 Venette, France
| | - Malvyne Rolli-Derkinderen
- IMAD, F-44000 Nantes, France
- CRNH-Ouest, F-44000 Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, INSERM, UMR 1235, TENS, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Catherine Michel
- Nantes Université, INRA, UMR1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France
- IMAD, F-44000 Nantes, France
- CRNH-Ouest, F-44000 Nantes, France
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Mahboobi S, Rahimi F, Jafarnejad S. Effects of Prebiotic and Synbiotic Supplementation on Glycaemia and Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Adv Pharm Bull 2018; 8:565-574. [PMID: 30607329 PMCID: PMC6311648 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2018.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) as a chronic disease, is on rise in parallel with other non-communicable diseases. Several studies have shown that probiotics and prebiotics might exert beneficial effects in chronic diseases including diabetes. Because of controversial results from different trials, the present study aims to assess the effects of prebiotic/synbiotic consumption on metabolic parameters in patients with type2 diabetes. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed on randomized controlled trial published in PubMed/Medline, SciVerse Scopus, Google scholar, SID and Magiran up to March 2018. Of a total number of 255 studies found in initial literature search, ten randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled mean net change were calculated in fasting blood-glucose [FBG], Hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] and lipid markers (total cholesterol [TC], triglyceride [TG], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]). The meta-analyses was conducted using Revman Software (v5.3). Results: The pooled estimate indicated a significant difference for the mean change in FBG, HbA1c and HDL in treatment group in comparison with control group. Subgroup analysis by intervention showed a significant difference in TG, LDL and HDL (synbiotic group) and in TG, TC, FBG, HDL and HbA1c (prebiotic group) compared with placebo. In another subgroup analysis, high quality studies showed significant reductions in TG, TC, FBG and HbA1c in intervention group compared with placebo group. Conclusion: In summary, diets supplemented with either prebiotics or synbiotics can result in improvements in lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Mahboobi
- Department of Community Nutrition, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahimi
- Faculty of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sadegh Jafarnejad
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Kietsiriroje N, Kanjanahirun K, Kwankaew J, Ponrak R, Soonthornpun S. Phytosterols and inulin-enriched soymilk increases glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion in healthy men: double-blind randomized controlled trial, subgroup study. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:844. [PMID: 30497507 PMCID: PMC6267084 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3958-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to determine the effect of phytosterols and inulin on plasma glucose, insulin, and GLP-1 levels among healthy men after consuming phytosterols and inulin-enriched soymilk for 8 weeks. RESULTS A total of 26 men at least 20 years old were randomly assigned into the 2 g/day of phytosterols and 10 g/day of inulin-enriched soymilk (intervention) group or into the standard soymilk (control) group. In the intervention group, the area under the curve of Glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion increased significantly, compared to its baseline (p = 0.003). The area under the curve of insulin secretion also increased but it did not meet statistical significance (p = 0.118). The area under the curves of plasma glucose were similar between pre- and post-test (p = 0.348). In the control group, none of the primary results significantly changed compared to their baseline levels. Trial registration Thai Clinical Trial Registry: TCTR20160319001 date: March 19, 2016, retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noppadol Kietsiriroje
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
| | - Krisana Kanjanahirun
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.,Internal Medicine Clinic, Maharaj Nakhon Si Thammarat Hospital, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80000, Thailand
| | - Jirateep Kwankaew
- Internal Medicine Clinic, Samitivej Srinakarin Hospital, Bangkok, 10250, Thailand
| | - Ratikorn Ponrak
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Supamai Soonthornpun
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
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Cussotto S, Sandhu KV, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. The Neuroendocrinology of the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: A Behavioural Perspective. Front Neuroendocrinol 2018; 51:80-101. [PMID: 29753796 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The human gut harbours trillions of symbiotic bacteria that play a key role in programming different aspects of host physiology in health and disease. These intestinal microbes are also key components of the gut-brain axis, the bidirectional communication pathway between the gut and the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, the CNS is closely interconnected with the endocrine system to regulate many physiological processes. An expanding body of evidence is supporting the notion that gut microbiota modifications and/or manipulations may also play a crucial role in the manifestation of specific behavioural responses regulated by neuroendocrine pathways. In this review, we will focus on how the intestinal microorganisms interact with elements of the host neuroendocrine system to modify behaviours relevant to stress, eating behaviour, sexual behaviour, social behaviour, cognition and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Cussotto
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kiran V Sandhu
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Goat and cow milk powder-based diets with or without prebiotics influence gut microbial populations and fermentation products in newly weaned rats. FOOD BIOSCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Fouré M, Dugardin C, Foligné B, Hance P, Cadalen T, Delcourt A, Taminiau B, Daube G, Ravallec R, Cudennec B, Hilbert JL, Lucau-Danila A. Chicory Roots for Prebiotics and Appetite Regulation: A Pilot Study in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:6439-6449. [PMID: 29873488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this work are to address the prebiotic effects of chicory ( Cichorium intybus) together with its possible role in appetite control. We compared nine chicory genotypes in order to determine if variations in the content of metabolites in the roasted roots would lead to modifications in release of satiety hormones and in composition of gut microbiota. To this aim, a 5-week dietary-intervention study was achieved using mice fed with distinct chicory-based preparations. A 16S rRNA gene-based metagenetic analysis of fecal microbiota was performed. In vitro gastrointestinal digestions were performed in order to study the effect of chicory intestinal digests on gut hormone regulation in enteroendocrine cells. Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and gut bacterial groups, such as Alloprevotella, Blautia, Alistipes, and Oscillibacter, were found to be modulated by chicory. On the other hand, CCK and GLP-1 satiety hormones were demonstrated to be significantly increased by chicory in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Fouré
- EA 7394, ICV-Institut Charles Viollette , Université Lille, INRA, ISA, Université Artois, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale , F-59000 Lille , France
| | - Camille Dugardin
- EA 7394, ICV-Institut Charles Viollette , Université Lille, INRA, ISA, Université Artois, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale , F-59000 Lille , France
| | - Benoît Foligné
- INSERM, CHRU , Université Lille, LIRIC-UMR 995 , F-59000 Lille , France
| | - Philippe Hance
- EA 7394, ICV-Institut Charles Viollette , Université Lille, INRA, ISA, Université Artois, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale , F-59000 Lille , France
| | - Thierry Cadalen
- EA 7394, ICV-Institut Charles Viollette , Université Lille, INRA, ISA, Université Artois, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale , F-59000 Lille , France
| | - Abigael Delcourt
- EA 7394, ICV-Institut Charles Viollette , Université Lille, INRA, ISA, Université Artois, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale , F-59000 Lille , France
| | - Bernard Taminiau
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH , University of Liège , B-4000 Liège , Belgium
| | - Georges Daube
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH , University of Liège , B-4000 Liège , Belgium
| | - Rozenn Ravallec
- EA 7394, ICV-Institut Charles Viollette , Université Lille, INRA, ISA, Université Artois, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale , F-59000 Lille , France
| | - Benoit Cudennec
- EA 7394, ICV-Institut Charles Viollette , Université Lille, INRA, ISA, Université Artois, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale , F-59000 Lille , France
| | - Jean-Louis Hilbert
- EA 7394, ICV-Institut Charles Viollette , Université Lille, INRA, ISA, Université Artois, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale , F-59000 Lille , France
| | - Anca Lucau-Danila
- EA 7394, ICV-Institut Charles Viollette , Université Lille, INRA, ISA, Université Artois, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale , F-59000 Lille , France
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de Faria Ghetti F, Oliveira DG, de Oliveira JM, de Castro Ferreira LEVV, Cesar DE, Moreira APB. Influence of gut microbiota on the development and progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Eur J Nutr 2018; 57:861-876. [PMID: 28875318 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1524-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by the presence of steatosis, inflammation, and ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes, with or without fibrosis. The prevalence of NASH has increased with the obesity epidemic, but its etiology is multifactorial. The current studies suggest the role of gut microbiota in the development and progression of NASH. The aim is to review the studies that investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and NASH. These review also discusses the pathophysiological mechanisms and the influence of diet on the gut-liver axis. RESULT The available literature has proposed mechanisms for an association between gut microbiota and NASH, such as: modification energy homeostasis, lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-endotoxemia, increased endogenous production of ethanol, and alteration in the metabolism of bile acid and choline. There is evidence to suggest that NASH patients have a higher prevalence of bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine and changes in the composition of the gut microbiota. However, there is still a controversy regarding the microbiome profile in this population. The abundance of Bacteroidetes phylum may be increased, decreased, or unaltered in NASH patients. There is an increase in the Escherichia and Bacteroides genus. There is depletion of certain taxa, such as Prevotella and Faecalibacterium. CONCLUSION Although few studies have evaluated the composition of the gut microbiota in patients with NASH, it is observed that these individuals have a distinct gut microbiota, compared to the control groups, which explains, at least in part, the genesis and progression of the disease through multiple mechanisms. Modulation of the gut microbiota through diet control offers new challenges for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana de Faria Ghetti
- Universitary Hospital and School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- Unidade de Nutrição Clínica, Hospital Universitário, Rua Catulo Breviglieri, s/n, Bairro Santa Catarina, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, CEP 36036-330, Brazil.
| | - Daiane Gonçalves Oliveira
- Universitary Hospital and School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliano Machado de Oliveira
- Universitary Hospital and School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Müller M, Canfora EE, Blaak EE. Gastrointestinal Transit Time, Glucose Homeostasis and Metabolic Health: Modulation by Dietary Fibers. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10030275. [PMID: 29495569 PMCID: PMC5872693 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal transit time may be an important determinant of glucose homeostasis and metabolic health through effects on nutrient absorption and microbial composition, among other mechanisms. Modulation of gastrointestinal transit may be one of the mechanisms underlying the beneficial health effects of dietary fibers. These effects include improved glucose homeostasis and a reduced risk of developing metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this review, we first discuss the regulation of gastric emptying rate, small intestinal transit and colonic transit as well as their relation to glucose homeostasis and metabolic health. Subsequently, we briefly address the reported health effects of different dietary fibers and discuss to what extent the fiber-induced health benefits may be mediated through modulation of gastrointestinal transit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattea Müller
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Emanuel E Canfora
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Lach G, Schellekens H, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Anxiety, Depression, and the Microbiome: A Role for Gut Peptides. Neurotherapeutics 2018; 15:36-59. [PMID: 29134359 PMCID: PMC5794698 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-017-0585-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain is finely orchestrated by different systems, including the endocrine, immune, autonomic, and enteric nervous systems. Moreover, increasing evidence supports the role of the microbiome and microbiota-derived molecules in regulating such interactions; however, the mechanisms underpinning such effects are only beginning to be resolved. Microbiota-gut peptide interactions are poised to be of great significance in the regulation of gut-brain signaling. Given the emerging role of the gut-brain axis in a variety of brain disorders, such as anxiety and depression, it is important to understand the contribution of bidirectional interactions between peptide hormones released from the gut and intestinal bacteria in the context of this axis. Indeed, the gastrointestinal tract is the largest endocrine organ in mammals, secreting dozens of different signaling molecules, including peptides. Gut peptides in the systemic circulation can bind cognate receptors on immune cells and vagus nerve terminals thereby enabling indirect gut-brain communication. Gut peptide concentrations are not only modulated by enteric microbiota signals, but also vary according to the composition of the intestinal microbiota. In this review, we will discuss the gut microbiota as a regulator of anxiety and depression, and explore the role of gut-derived peptides as signaling molecules in microbiome-gut-brain communication. Here, we summarize the potential interactions of the microbiota with gut hormones and endocrine peptides, including neuropeptide Y, peptide YY, pancreatic polypeptide, cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide, corticotropin-releasing factor, oxytocin, and ghrelin in microbiome-to-brain signaling. Together, gut peptides are important regulators of microbiota-gut-brain signaling in health and stress-related psychiatric illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilliard Lach
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Harriet Schellekens
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Food for Health Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- Food for Health Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Siva N, Thavarajah D, Johnson CR, Duckett S, Jesch ED, Thavarajah P. Can lentil ( Lens culinaris Medikus) reduce the risk of obesity? J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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He M, Shi B. Gut microbiota as a potential target of metabolic syndrome: the role of probiotics and prebiotics. Cell Biosci 2017; 7:54. [PMID: 29090088 PMCID: PMC5655955 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-017-0183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) comprises central obesity, increased plasma glucose levels, hyperlipidemia and hypertension, and its incidence is increasing due to changes in lifestyle and dietary structure in recent years. MS has been proven to be associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus, leading to morbidity and mortality. In this manuscript, we review recent studies concerning the role of the gut microbiota in MS modulation. Manipulation of the gut microbiota through the administration of prebiotics or probiotics may assist in weight loss and reduce plasma glucose and serum lipid levels, decreasing the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. To the best of our knowledge, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile salt hydrolase (BSH), metabolic endotoxemia and the endocannabinoid (eCB) system are essential in regulating the initiation and progression of MS through the normalization of adipogenesis and the regulation of insulin secretion, fat accumulation, energy homeostasis, and plasma cholesterol levels. Therefore, the gut microbiota may serve as a potential therapeutic target for MS. However, further studies are needed to enhance our understanding of manipulating the gut microbiota and the role of the gut microbiota in MS prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqian He
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061 Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061 Shaanxi People's Republic of China
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Kubo K, Koido A, Kitano M, Yamamoto H, Saito M. Combined Effects of a Dietary Fiber Mixture and Wheat Albumin in a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2017; 62:416-424. [PMID: 28202847 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.62.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
As bioactive ingredients of functional foods, dietary fiber and wheat albumin (WA) are known to suppress hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The combined effects of these bioactive ingredients were examined using an animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. First, oral starch tolerance tests (OSTTs) with the simultaneous intake of a dietary fiber mixture (DF) and WA were performed as an acute study. Male Goto-Kakizaki rats received a soluble starch solution [700 mg/kg body weight (bw)] containing DF and/or WA (each 300 mg/kg bw). In these OSTTs, the combined intake of DF and WA suppressed hyperglycemia much more effectively than each separate intake. Second, in a chronic intake study, diets containing DF and/or WA were administered to male Zucker diabetic fatty rats over 84 d. The combined effects of DF and WA were not observed in glycosylated hemoglobin concentration levels or fasting blood glucose levels, but appeared as an improvement in liver lipid contents. Variations in the liver lipid contents were similarly reflected in those of the plasma lipid concentrations. In conclusion, this study found that the simultaneous intake of bioactive DF and WA improved the postprandial hyperglycemia and the chronic lipid metabolism disorders in rat models of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Kubo
- Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Education, Gifu University
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Abstract
The gut microbiome consists of trillions of bacteria which play an important role in human metabolism. Animal and human studies have implicated distortion of the normal microbial balance in obesity and metabolic syndrome. Bacteria causing weight gain are thought to induce the expression of genes related to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism thereby leading to greater energy harvest from the diet. There is a large body of evidence demonstrating that alteration in the proportion of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes leads to the development of obesity, but this has been recently challenged. It is likely that the influence of gut microbiome on obesity is much more complex than simply an imbalance in the proportion of these phyla of bacteria. Modulation of the gut microbiome through diet, pre- and probiotics, antibiotics, surgery, and fecal transplantation has the potential to majorly impact the obesity epidemic.
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O'Connor S, Chouinard-Castonguay S, Gagnon C, Rudkowska I. Prebiotics in the management of components of the metabolic syndrome. Maturitas 2017; 104:11-18. [PMID: 28923170 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), including abdominal obesity, low-grade chronic systemic inflammation, altered glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia and high blood pressure, are major threats to healthy aging in modern societies. The connection between MetS components and gut microflora is now acknowledged and multiple therapeutic strategies have been proposed to change the composition of the gut microbiota in order to promote optimal metabolic health. Prebiotics have the ability to favour growth of beneficial bacteria, especially short-chain fatty-acids (SCFA) producers. Increased SCFA in the gut is associated with improved satiety and weight loss, reduced systemic inflammation by increasing the gut barrier function, and improved glucose and lipid metabolism. The objective of this review is to examine the recent literature in order to determine the types and doses of prebiotics that could be recommended for the management of MetS. A review of the literature was executed using the MEDLINE database and clinical trials from 2013 to 2017 were selected for analysis. In conclusion, a daily supplementation of 10g of inulin, resistant starches or fructo-oligosaccharide-enriched inulin could have beneficial effects on MetS components in individuals with type 2 diabetes. In healthy subjects or in individuals with the MetS, the results are too heterogeneous and scarce to be able to set any specific recommendations. More clinical studies are needed to better understand the role of prebiotics in the management of MetS components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah O'Connor
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah Chouinard-Castonguay
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Claudia Gagnon
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Iwona Rudkowska
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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Tunapong W, Apaijai N, Yasom S, Tanajak P, Wanchai K, Chunchai T, Kerdphoo S, Eaimworawuthikul S, Thiennimitr P, Pongchaidecha A, Lungkaphin A, Pratchayasakul W, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Chronic treatment with prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics attenuated cardiac dysfunction by improving cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in male obese insulin-resistant rats. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:2091-2104. [PMID: 28608320 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In metabolic syndrome, the composition of gut microbiota has been disrupted, and is associated with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Several types of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics have been shown to exert cardioprotection by restoring gut microbiota from dysbiosis and reducing systemic inflammation. However, the effects of prebiotics such as xylooligosaccharides (XOS); probiotics such as Lactobacillus paracasei STII01 HP4, and synbiotics on metabolic and LV function in obese insulin-resistant rats have not been investigated. In this study, we hypothesized that prebiotics and probiotics improve metabolic parameters, heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure (BP), and LV function by attenuating cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress, and that synbiotics provide greater efficacy than a single regimen in obese insulin resistance. METHODS Rats were fed with either normal diet or high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks and then rats in each dietary group were randomly subdivided into four subgroups to receive either a vehicle, prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics for another 12 weeks. Metabolic parameters, BP, HRV, LV function, cardiac mitochondrial function, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress were determined. RESULTS HFD-fed rats had obese insulin resistance with markedly increased systemic inflammatory marker [Serum LPS; ND; 0.6 ± 0.1 EU/ml vs. HFD; 5.7 ± 1.2 EU/ml (p < 0.05)], depressed HRV, and increased BP and LV dysfunction [%ejection fraction; ND; 93 ± 2% vs. HFD; 83 ± 2% (p < 0.05)]. Prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics attenuated insulin resistance by improving insulin sensitivity and lipid profiles. All interventions also improved HRV, BP, LV function [%ejection fraction; HFV; 81 ± 2% vs. HFPE; 93 ± 3%, HFPO; 92 ± 1%, HFC; 92 ± 2% (p < 0.05)] by attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation in obese insulin-resistant rats. CONCLUSION Prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics shared similar efficacy in reducing insulin resistance and LV dysfunction in obese insulin-resistant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannipa Tunapong
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nattayaporn Apaijai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sakawdaurn Yasom
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Pongpan Tanajak
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Keerati Wanchai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Titikorn Chunchai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sasiwan Kerdphoo
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sathima Eaimworawuthikul
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Parameth Thiennimitr
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Pongchaidecha
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Anusorn Lungkaphin
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Wasana Pratchayasakul
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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El-Jurdi N, de Lima M, Lazarus H, Ghannoum MA. Microbiome: Its Impact Is Being Revealed! CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-017-0063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Steensels S, Cools L, Avau B, Vancleef L, Farré R, Verbeke K, Depoortere I. Supplementation of oligofructose, but not sucralose, decreases high-fat diet induced body weight gain in mice independent of gustducin-mediated gut hormone release. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [PMID: 27800650 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Enteroendocrine cells sense nutrients through taste receptors similar to those on the tongue. Sweet and fatty acid taste receptors (FFAR) coupled to the gustatory G-protein, gustducin, on enteroendocrine cells play a role in gut hormone release. We studied if supplementation of artificial (sucralose) or prebiotic (oligofructose; OFS) sweeteners target gustducin-mediated signaling pathways to alter gut hormone release and reduce obesity-associated disorders. METHODS AND RESULTS Wild-type (WT) and α-gustducin knockout (α-gust-/- ) mice were fed a high-fat diet and gavaged once daily (8 wk) with water or equisweet concentrations of sweeteners. OFS but not sucralose decreased body weight gain (-19 ± 3%, p < 0.01), fat pad mass (-55 ± 6%, p < 0.001), and insulin resistance (-39 ± 5%, p < 0.001) independent of α-gustducin. Neither sweetener improved glucose intolerance, while solely OFS improved the disturbed colonic permeability. OFS decreased (-65 ± 8%, p < 0.001) plasma glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) but not ghrelin and peptide YY (PYY) levels in WT mice. Cecal acetate and butyrate levels were reduced by OFS in both genotypes suggesting enhanced uptake of SCFAs that may target FFAR2 (upregulated expression) in adipose tissue. CONCLUSION OFS, but not sucralose, reduced body weight gain and decreased intestinal permeability, but not glucose intolerance. Effects were not mediated by altered gut hormone levels or gustducin-mediated signaling. Artificial sweeteners do not affect gut hormone levels and are metabolically inert in mice on a high-fat diet. In contrast, prebiotic oligosaccharides (OFS) prevent body weight gain but not glucose intolerance. Alterations in sweet and short-chain fatty acid receptors (FFAR) (studied in WT and α-gust-/- mice) that regulate gut hormone levels are not mandatory for the positive effects of OFS. Enhanced uptake of SCFAs may favor interaction with FFAR2/3 on adipose tissue to induce weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Steensels
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leen Cools
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert Avau
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurien Vancleef
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ricard Farré
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristin Verbeke
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inge Depoortere
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Chan C, Hyslop CM, Shrivastava V, Ochoa A, Reimer RA, Huang C. Oligofructose as an adjunct in treatment of diabetes in NOD mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37627. [PMID: 27874076 PMCID: PMC5118692 DOI: 10.1038/srep37627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In type 1 diabetes, restoration of normoglycemia can be achieved if the autoimmune attack on beta cells ceases and insulin requirement is met by the residual beta cells. We hypothesize that an adjunctive therapy that reduces insulin demand by increasing insulin sensitivity will improve the efficacy of an immunotherapy in reversing diabetes. We tested the gut microbiota-modulating prebiotic, oligofructose (OFS), as the adjunctive therapy. We treated non-obese diabetic mice with an immunotherapy, monoclonal anti-CD3 antibody (aCD3), with or without concurrent dietary supplement of OFS. After 8 weeks of OFS supplement, the group that received both aCD3 and OFS (aCD3 + OFS) had a higher diabetes remission rate than the group that received aCD3 alone. The aCD3 + OFS group had higher insulin sensitivity accompanied by reduced lymphocytic infiltrate into the pancreatic islets, higher beta-cell proliferation rate, higher pancreatic insulin content, and secreted more insulin in response to glucose. The addition of OFS also caused a change in gut microbiota, with a higher level of Bifidobacterium and lower Clostridium leptum. Hence, our results suggest that OFS can potentially be an effective therapeutic adjunct in the treatment of type 1 diabetes by improving insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function, leading to improved glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Chan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Colin M Hyslop
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vipul Shrivastava
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrea Ochoa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Raylene A Reimer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carol Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Inulin oligofructose attenuates metabolic syndrome in high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rats. Br J Nutr 2016; 116:1502-1511. [PMID: 27805541 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516003627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Prebiotics alter bacterial content in the colon, and therefore could be useful for obesity management. We investigated the changes following addition of inulin oligofructose (IO) in the food of rats fed either a corn starch (C) diet or a high-carbohydrate, high-fat (H) diet as a model of diet-induced metabolic syndrome. IO did not affect food intake, but reduced body weight gain by 5·3 and 12·3 % in corn starch+inulin oligofructose (CIO) and high-carbohydrate, high-fat with inulin oligofructose (HIO) rats, respectively. IO reduced plasma concentrations of free fatty acids by 26·2 % and TAG by 75·8 % in HIO rats. IO increased faecal output by 93·2 %, faecal lipid excretion by 37·9 % and weight of caecum by 23·4 % and colon by 41·5 % in HIO rats. IO improved ileal morphology by reducing inflammation and improving the density of crypt cells in HIO rats. IO attenuated H diet-induced increases in abdominal fat pads (C 275 (sem 19), CIO 264 (sem 40), H 688 (sem 55), HIO 419 (sem 32) mg/mm tibial length), fasting blood glucose concentrations (C 4·5 (sem 0·1), CIO 4·2 (sem 0·1), H 5·2 (sem 0·1), HIO 4·3 (sem 0·1) mmol/l), systolic blood pressure (C 124 (sem 2), CIO 118 (sem 2), H 152 (sem 2), HIO 123 (sem 3) mmHg), left ventricular diastolic stiffness (C 22·9 (sem 0·6), CIO 22·9 (sem 0·5), H 27·8 (sem 0·5), HIO 22·6 (sem 1·2)) and plasma alanine transaminase (C 29·6 (sem 2·8), CIO 32·1 (sem 3·0), H 43·9 (sem 2·6), HIO 33·6 (sem 2·0) U/l). IO attenuated H-induced increases in inflammatory cell infiltration in the heart and liver, lipid droplets in the liver and plasma lipids as well as impaired glucose and insulin tolerance. These results suggest that increasing soluble fibre intake with IO improves signs of the metabolic syndrome by decreasing gastrointestinal carbohydrate and lipid uptake.
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Effect of prebiotic intake on gut microbiota, intestinal permeability and glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2016; 17:347. [PMID: 27456494 PMCID: PMC4960839 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-016-1486-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as a contributor to disease states. Patients with type 1 diabetes (DM1) have distinct gut microbiota in comparison to non-diabetic individuals, and it has been linked to changes in intestinal permeability, inflammation and insulin resistance. Prebiotics are non-digestible carbohydrates that alter gut microbiota and could potentially improve glycemic control in children with DM1. This pilot study aims to determine the feasibility of a 12-week dietary intervention with prebiotics in children with DM1. METHODS/DESIGN This pilot study is a single-centre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in children aged 8 to 17 years with DM1 for at least one year. Participants will be randomized to receive either placebo (maltodextrin 3.3 g orally/day) or prebiotics (oligofructose-enriched inulin 8 g orally/day; Synergy1, Beneo, Mannheim, Germany). Measures to be assessed at baseline, 3 months and 6 months include: anthropometric measures, insulin doses/regimens, frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis, frequency of severe hypoglycemia, average number of episodes of hypoglycemia per week, serum C-peptide, HbA1c, serum inflammatory markers (IL-6, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-10), GLP-1 and GLP-2, intestinal permeability using urine assessment after ingestion of lactulose, mannitol and 3-O-methylglucose, and stool sample collection for gut microbiota profiling. DISCUSSION This is a novel pilot study designed to test feasibility for a fully powered study. We hypothesize that consumption of prebiotics will alter gut microbiota and intestinal permeability, leading to improved glycemic control. Prebiotics are a potentially novel, inexpensive, low-risk treatment addition for DM1 that may improve glycemic control by changes in gut microbiota, gut permeability and inflammation. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02442544 . Registered on 10 March 2015.
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Zietek T, Rath E. Inflammation Meets Metabolic Disease: Gut Feeling Mediated by GLP-1. Front Immunol 2016; 7:154. [PMID: 27148273 PMCID: PMC4840214 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, cardiovascular, and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) share common features in their pathology. Metabolic disorders exhibit strong inflammatory underpinnings and vice versa, inflammation is associated with metabolic alterations. Next to cytokines and cellular stress pathways, such as the unfolded protein response (UPR), alterations in the enteroendocrine system are intersections of various pathologies. Enteroendocrine cells (EEC) have been studied extensively for their ability to regulate gastrointestinal motility, secretion, and insulin release by release of peptide hormones. In particular, the L-cell-derived incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) has gained enormous attention due to its insulinotropic action and relevance in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Yet, accumulating data indicate a critical role for EEC and in particular for GLP-1 in metabolic adaptation and in orchestrating immune responses beyond blood glucose control. EEC sense the lamina propria and luminal environment, including the microbiota via receptors and transporters. Subsequently, mediating signals by secreting hormones and cytokines, EEC can be considered as integrators of metabolic and inflammatory signaling. This review focuses on L cell and GLP-1 functions in the context of metabolic and inflammatory diseases. The effects of incretin-based therapies on metabolism and immune system are discussed and the interrelation and common features of metabolic and immune-mediated disorders are highlighted. Moreover, it presents data on the impact of inflammation, in particular of IBD on EEC and discusses the potential role of the microbiota as link between nutrients, metabolism, immunity, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Zietek
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Technische Universität München , Freising , Germany
| | - Eva Rath
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München , Freising , Germany
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Boulangé CL, Neves AL, Chilloux J, Nicholson JK, Dumas ME. Impact of the gut microbiota on inflammation, obesity, and metabolic disease. Genome Med 2016; 8:42. [PMID: 27098727 PMCID: PMC4839080 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-016-0303-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 840] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut harbors more than 100 trillion microbial cells, which have an essential role in human metabolic regulation via their symbiotic interactions with the host. Altered gut microbial ecosystems have been associated with increased metabolic and immune disorders in animals and humans. Molecular interactions linking the gut microbiota with host energy metabolism, lipid accumulation, and immunity have also been identified. However, the exact mechanisms that link specific variations in the composition of the gut microbiota with the development of obesity and metabolic diseases in humans remain obscure owing to the complex etiology of these pathologies. In this review, we discuss current knowledge about the mechanistic interactions between the gut microbiota, host energy metabolism, and the host immune system in the context of obesity and metabolic disease, with a focus on the importance of the axis that links gut microbes and host metabolic inflammation. Finally, we discuss therapeutic approaches aimed at reshaping the gut microbial ecosystem to regulate obesity and related pathologies, as well as the challenges that remain in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Boulangé
- Metabometrix Ltd, Bio-incubator, Prince Consort Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BP, UK
| | - Ana Luisa Neves
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2PH, UK
| | - Julien Chilloux
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2PH, UK
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- Metabometrix Ltd, Bio-incubator, Prince Consort Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BP, UK. .,Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2PH, UK.
| | - Marc-Emmanuel Dumas
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2PH, UK.
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Yoo JY, Kim SS. Probiotics and Prebiotics: Present Status and Future Perspectives on Metabolic Disorders. Nutrients 2016; 8:173. [PMID: 26999199 PMCID: PMC4808900 DOI: 10.3390/nu8030173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), present an increasing public health concern and can significantly undermine an individual's quality of life. The relative risk of CVD, the primary cause of death in T2DM patients, is two to four times higher in people with T2DM compared with those who are non-diabetic. The prevalence of metabolic disorders has been associated with dynamic changes in dietary macronutrient intake and lifestyle changes over recent decades. Recently, the scientific community has considered alteration in gut microbiota composition to constitute one of the most probable factors in the development of metabolic disorders. The altered gut microbiota composition is strongly conducive to increased adiposity, β-cell dysfunction, metabolic endotoxemia, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress. Probiotics and prebiotics can ameliorate T2DM and CVD through improvement of gut microbiota, which in turn leads to insulin-signaling stimulation and cholesterol-lowering effects. We analyze the currently available data to ascertain further potential benefits and limitations of probiotics and prebiotics in the treatment of metabolic disorders, including T2DM, CVD, and other disease (obesity). The current paper explores the relevant contemporary scientific literature to assist in the derivation of a general perspective of this broad area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Youn Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
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Zhang G, Hasek LY, Lee BH, Hamaker BR. Gut feedback mechanisms and food intake: a physiological approach to slow carbohydrate bioavailability. Food Funct 2016; 6:1072-89. [PMID: 25686469 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00803k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glycemic carbohydrates in foods are an important macronutrient providing the biological fuel of glucose for a variety of physiological processes. A classification of glycemic carbohydrates into rapidly digestible carbohydrate (RDC) and slowly digestible carbohydrate (SDC) has been used to specify their nutritional quality related to glucose homeostasis that is essential to normal functioning of the brain and critical to life. Although there have been many studies and reviews on slowly digestible starch (SDS) and SDC, the mechanisms of their slow digestion and absorption were mostly investigated from the material side without considering the physiological processes of their in vivo digestion, absorption, and most importantly interactions with other food components and the gastrointestinal tract. In this article, the physiological processes modulating the bioavailability of carbohydrates, specifically the rate and extent of their digestion and absorption as well as the related locations, in a whole food context, will be discussed by focusing on the activities of the gastrointestinal tract including glycolytic enzymes and glucose release, sugar sensing, gut hormones, and neurohormonal negative feedback mechanisms. It is hoped that a deep understanding of these physiological processes will facilitate the development of innovative dietary approaches to achieve desired carbohydrate or glucose bioavailability for improved health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Moyano G, Sáyago-Ayerdi SG, Largo C, Caz V, Santamaria M, Tabernero M. Potential use of dietary fibre from Hibiscus sabdariffa and Agave tequilana in obesity management. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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50
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Wu W, Xie J, Zhang H. Dietary fibers influence the intestinal SCFAs and plasma metabolites profiling in growing pigs. Food Funct 2016; 7:4644-4654. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01406b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fibers (DFs), widely used as food additives to replace fat, can benefit metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition
- Institute of Animal Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Beijing
- PR China
| | - J. Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition
- Institute of Animal Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Beijing
- PR China
| | - H. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition
- Institute of Animal Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Beijing
- PR China
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