1
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Barman M, Tenhaken R, Dötterl S. Negative and sex-specific effects of drought on flower production, resources and pollinator visitation, but not on floral scent in monoecious Cucurbita pepo. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 39117354 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The globally changing climatic condition is increasing the incidences of drought in several parts of the world. This is predicted and already shown to not only impact plant growth and flower development, but also plant-pollinator interactions and the pollination success of entomophilous plants. However, there is a large gap in our understanding of how drought affects the different flowers and pollen transfer among flowers in sexually polymorphic species. Here, we evaluated in monoecious Styrian oil pumpkin, and separately for female and male flowers, the responses of drought stress on flower production, petal size, nectar, floral scent and visitation by bumblebee pollinators. Drought stress adversely affected all floral traits studied, except floral scent. Although both flower sexes were adversely affected by drought stress, the effects were more severe on female flowers, with most of the female flowers even aborted before opening. The drought had negative effects on floral visitation by the pollinators, which generally preferred female flowers. Overall, our study highlights that the two flower sexes of a monoecious plant species are differently affected by drought stress and calls for further investigations to better understand the cues used by the pollinators to discriminate against male flowers and against flowers of drought-stressed plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Barman
- Department of Environment and Biodiversity, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, Großbeeren, 14979, Germany
| | - Raimund Tenhaken
- Department of Environment and Biodiversity, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Stefan Dötterl
- Department of Environment and Biodiversity, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
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2
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Xia Z, Chen BJW, Korpelainen H, Niinemets Ü, Li C. Belowground ecological interactions in dioecious plants: why do opposites attract but similar ones repel? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:630-637. [PMID: 38485646 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Dioecious plant species exhibit sexual dimorphism in various aspects, including morphology, physiology, life history, and behavior, potentially influencing sex-specific interactions. While it is generally accepted that intersexual interactions in dioecious species are less intense compared with intrasexual interactions, the mechanisms underlying belowground facilitation in intersexual combinations remain less understood. Here, we explore these mechanisms, which encompass resource complementarity, mycorrhizal fungal networks, root exudate-mediated belowground chemical communication, as well as plant-soil feedback. We address the reason for the lack of consistency in the strength of inter- and intrasexual interactions. We also propose that a comprehensive understanding of the potential positive consequences of sex-specific interactions can contribute to maintaining ecological equilibrium, conserving biodiversity, and enhancing the productivity of agroforestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Xia
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Bin J W Chen
- College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Helena Korpelainen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Chunyang Li
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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3
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Yan K, Lu DS, Ding CJ, Wang Y, Tian YR, Su XH, Dong YF, Wang YP. Rare and abundant bacterial communities in poplar rhizosphere soils respond differently to genetic effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168216. [PMID: 37923276 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between plants and soil microbes are important to plant hybrid breeding under global change. However, the relationship between host plants and rhizosphere soil microorganisms has not been fully elucidated. Understanding the rhizosphere microbial structure of parents and progenies would provide a deeper insight into how genetic effects modulate the relationship between plants and soil. In this study, two family groups of poplar trees (A: parents and their two progenies; B: parents and their one progeny) with different genetic backgrounds (including seven genotypes) were selected from a common garden, and their rhizobacterial communities were analyzed to explore parent-progeny relationships. Our results showed significant differences in phylogenetic diversity, the number of 16S genes and the structure of rhizosphere bacterial communities (Adonis: R2 = 0.166, P < 0.01) between different family groups. Rhizosphere bacterial community structure was significantly dominated by genetic effects. Compared with abundant taxa, genetic effects were more powerful drivers of rare taxa. In addition, bacterial communities of hybrid progenies were all significantly more similar to their parents compared to the other group of parents, especially among rare taxa. The two poplar family groups exhibited differences between their rhizosphere bacterial co-occurrence networks. Group B had a relatively complex network with 2380 edges and 468 nodes, while group A had 1829 edges and 304 nodes. Soil organic carbon and carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) also influenced the rhizosphere bacterial community assembly. This was especially true for soil C/N, which explained 23 % of the β-nearest taxon index (βNTI) variation in rare taxa. Our results reveal the relationship of rhizosphere microorganisms between parents and progenies. This can help facilitate an understanding of the combination of plant breeding with microbes resource utilization and provide a theoretical basis for scientific advancement to support the development of forestry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yan
- Key Laboratory of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration for the Cultivation of Forests in the Lower Reaches of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - De Shan Lu
- Key Laboratory of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration for the Cultivation of Forests in the Lower Reaches of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Chang Jun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration for the Cultivation of Forests in the Lower Reaches of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yong Ren Tian
- Key Laboratory of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration for the Cultivation of Forests in the Lower Reaches of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Xiao Hua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | | | - Yan Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration for the Cultivation of Forests in the Lower Reaches of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
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Ndayambaza B, Si J, Deng Y, Jia B, He X, Zhou D, Wang C, Zhu X, Liu Z, Qin J, Wang B, Bai X. The Euphrates Poplar Responses to Abiotic Stress and Its Unique Traits in Dry Regions of China (Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia): What Should We Know? Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2213. [PMID: 38137039 PMCID: PMC10743205 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
At the moment, drought, salinity, and low-temperature stress are ubiquitous environmental issues. In arid regions including Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia and other areas worldwide, the area of tree plantations appears to be rising, triggering tree growth. Water is a vital resource in the agricultural systems of countries impacted by aridity and salinity. Worldwide efforts to reduce quantitative yield losses on Populus euphratica by adapting tree plant production to unfavorable environmental conditions have been made in response to the responsiveness of the increasing control of water stress. Although there has been much advancement in identifying the genes that resist abiotic stresses, little is known about how plants such as P. euphratica deal with numerous abiotic stresses. P. euphratica is a varied riparian plant that can tolerate drought, salinity, low temperatures, and climate change, and has a variety of water stress adaptability abilities. To conduct this review, we gathered all available information throughout the Web of Science, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and the National Center for Biotechnology Information on the impact of abiotic stress on the molecular mechanism and evolution of gene families at the transcription level. The data demonstrated that P. euphratica might gradually adapt its stomatal aperture, photosynthesis, antioxidant activities, xylem architecture, and hydraulic conductivity to endure extreme drought and salt stress. Our analyses will give readers an understanding of how to manage a gene family in desert trees and the influence of abiotic stresses on the productivity of tree plants. They will also give readers the knowledge necessary to improve biotechnology-based tree plant stress tolerance for sustaining yield and quality trees in China's arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boniface Ndayambaza
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianhua Si
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
| | - Yanfang Deng
- Qilian Mountain National Park Qinghai Provincial Administration, Xining 810000, China;
| | - Bing Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaohui He
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Faculty of Resources and Environment, Baotou Teachers’ College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014030, China
| | - Dongmeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinglin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zijin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Qin
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Boyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Fu M, Liao J, Liu X, Li M, Zhang S. Artificial warming affects sugar signals and flavonoid accumulation to improve female willows' growth faster than males. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:1584-1602. [PMID: 37384415 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Increasing global warming is severely affecting tree growth and development. However, research on the sex-specific responses of dioecious trees to warming is scarce. Here, male and female Salix paraplesia were selected for artificial warming (an increase of 4 °C relative to ambient temperature) to investigate the effects on morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular responses. The results showed that warming significantly promoted the growth of female and male S. paraplesia, but females grew faster than males. Warming affected photosynthesis, chloroplast structures, peroxidase activity, proline, flavonoids, nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) and phenolic contents in both sexes. Interestingly, warming increased flavonoid accumulation in female roots and male leaves but inhibited it in female leaves and male roots. The transcriptome and proteome results indicated that differentially expressed genes and proteins were significantly enriched in sucrose and starch metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. The integrative analysis of transcriptomic, proteomic, biochemical and physiological data revealed that warming changed the expression of SpAMY, SpBGL, SpEGLC and SpAGPase genes, resulting in the reduction of NSCs and starch and the activation of sugar signaling, particularly SpSnRK1s, in female roots and male leaves. These sugar signals subsequently altered the expression of SpHCTs, SpLAR and SpDFR in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, ultimately leading to the differential accumulation of flavonoids in female and male S. paraplesia. Therefore, warming causes sexually differential responses of S. paraplesia, with females performing better than males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Fu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jun Liao
- College of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 400047, China
| | - Xuejiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Menghan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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6
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Lin T, Tang J, Li S, Li S, Han S, Liu Y, Yang C, Chen G, Chen L, Zhu T. Drought stress-mediated differences in phyllosphere microbiome and associated pathogen resistance between male and female poplars. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 115:1100-1113. [PMID: 37177875 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Phyllosphere-associated microbes play a crucial role in plant-pathogen interactions while their composition and diversity are strongly influenced by drought stress. As dioecious plant species exhibited secondary dimorphism between the two sexes in response to drought stress, whether such difference will lead to sex-specific differences in phyllosphere microbiome and associated pathogen resistance between male and female conspecifics is still unknown. In this study, we subjected female and male full siblings of a dioecious poplar species to a short period of drought treatment followed by artificial infection of a leaf pathogenic fungus. Our results showed that male plants grew better than females with or without drought stress. Female control plants had more leaf lesion area than males after pathogen infection, whereas drought stress reversed such a difference. Further correlation and in vitro toxicity tests suggested that drought-mediated sexual differences in pathogen resistance between the two plant sexes could be attributed to the shifts in structure and function of phyllosphere-associated microbiome rather than the amount of leaf main defensive chemicals contained in plant leaves. Supportively, the microbiome analysis through high-throughput sequencing indicated that female phyllosphere enriched a higher abundance of ecologically beneficial microbes that serve as biological plant protectants, while males harbored abundant phytopathogens under drought-stressed conditions. The results could provide potential implications for the selection of suitable poplar sex to plants in drought or semi-drought habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Lin
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of Sichuan Education Department, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China and Centre of Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, Yunnan University, 650504, Kunming, China
| | - Jiayao Tang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of Sichuan Education Department, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuying Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of Sichuan Education Department, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Shujiang Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of Sichuan Education Department, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan Han
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of Sichuan Education Department, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinggao Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of Sichuan Education Department, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunlin Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of Sichuan Education Department, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of Sichuan Education Department, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Lianghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of Sichuan Education Department, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianhui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of Sichuan Education Department, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
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Tang S, Lin X, Li W, Guo C, Han J, Yu L. Nutrient resorption responses of female and male Populus cathayana to drought and shade stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13980. [PMID: 37616009 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient resorption can increase nutrient use and play important roles in terrestrial plant nutrient cycles. Although several studies have reported individual responses of plant nutrient resorption to drought or shade stress, the interaction of drought and shade remains unclear, especially for dioecious plants. This study explored whether nutrient resorption is correlated to growth characteristics (such as biomass and root/shoot ratio [R/S ratio]) and leaf economics (such as leaf thickness, leaf mass per area [LMA] and leaf vein density [LVD]) in female and male Populus cathayana across different conditions. We found that drought stress significantly increased nitrogen (N) resorption efficiency (NRE) in both sexes, but shade and interactive stress decreased NRE in P. cathayana females. Under drought stress, nutrient resorption was sexually dimorphic such that P. cathayana males have higher NRE than females. Furthermore, NRE and phosphorous (P) resorption efficiency (PRE) were positively related to R/S ratio, leaf thickness, LMA, and LVD in both sexes across different treatments. Our study is the first to present how nutrient resorption is related to biomass accumulation and allocation, and leaf economics, suggesting that nutrient uptake may be modulated by R/S ratio and leaf economics, which is important for understanding the conservation mechanism of plant nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanglei Tang
- Department of Ecology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiazhen Lin
- Teaching Center, Zhejiang Open University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Ecology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengjin Guo
- Department of Ecology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jungang Han
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Ecology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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Yu L, Tang S, Guo C, Korpelainen H, Li C. Differences in ecophysiological responses of Populus euphratica females and males exposed to salinity and alkali stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 198:107707. [PMID: 37086693 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is usually accompanied by alkalization in northwest China, and they both negatively impact plant growth and result in severe ecological problems. Some studies have reported tree responses to salinity or alkali stress alone, however, the interactive salinity and alkali effects are still unclear, especially in dioecious trees. In this study, we measured growth, morphology, leaf stomata, gas exchange, carbon isotope composition (δ13C), total soluble sugar and starch contents, Na+ accumulation and allocation, oxidative stress, and antioxidants of female and male Populus euphratica seedlings in response to salinity, alkali and their interaction. Our study showed no significant sexual differences in studied traits under control conditions. In addition, P. euphratica females showed greater inhibitory and negative effects, such as bigger decreases in growth and gas exchange, lower stomatal density and water use efficiency (as described by δ13C), and lower levels of soluble sugars and antioxidant enzyme activities compared with males under salinity, alkali and interactive stress conditions. Furthermore, P. euphratica males had a greater ability of ion exclusion and Na + transport restriction. For example, males allocated more Na+ to stems and roots than females, whereas females had higher Na+ contents in leaves under stress conditions. In conclusion, our results indicated that P. euphratica males have superior resistance and they perform better than females under salinity, alkali and their interactive stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- Department of Ecology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Shuanglei Tang
- Department of Ecology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Chengjin Guo
- Department of Ecology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Helena Korpelainen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Chunyang Li
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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9
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Wang Y, Zhang N, Wu A, Lv Z, Li Y. Effect of benomyl-mediated mycorrhizal association on the salinity tolerance of male and monoecious mulberry clones. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 195:67-76. [PMID: 36603450 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry is an economically important crop for sericulture in China. Mulberry plantations are shifting inland, where they face high salinity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) reportedly enhance mulberry's tolerance to salinity. Here, we assessed if additional adaptive advantages against salinity are provided by sex differences beyond those provided by mycorrhizal symbiosis. In a pot experiment, male and monoecious plants were exposed to three salinity regimes (0, 50, and 200 mM NaCl) and two mycorrhiza-suppressed conditions (with or without benomyl application) for more than 16 months. We noticed that salinity alone significantly decreased the mycorrhizal colonization rate, salinity tolerance, K+ concentrations, and the ionic ratios of all plants. Mycorrhizal association mildly ameliorated the salt-induced detrimental effects, especially for monoecious plants, and sex-specific responses were observed. Meanwhile, both sexes had adopted different strategies to enhance their salinity resistance. Briefly, mycorrhizal monoecious plants exhibited a higher net photosynthetic rate and lower translocation of Na+ from root to shoot compared with mycorrhizal males under saline conditions. Their salt tolerance was probably due to the Ca2+/Na+ in roots. In comparison, male plants exhibited lower Na+ acquisition, more Na+ translocated from root to shoot, higher root biomass allocation, and higher N concentrations under harsh saline conditions, and their salt tolerance was mainly related to the K+/Na+ in their shoots. In conclusion, our results highlight that AMF could be a promising candidate for improving plant performance under highest salinity, especially for monoecious plants. Cultivators must be mindful of applying fungicides, such as benomyl, in saline areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Naili Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Aiping Wu
- Ecology Department, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zhiqiang Lv
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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10
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Yang C, Xia L, Fu M, Chen Y, Kong X, Zhang S. DNA methylation-mediated phenylpropane and starch metabolism causes male poplars to be more tolerant to nitrogen deficiency than females. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 195:144-154. [PMID: 36638604 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development. Dioecious plants, especially perennial plants, are often faced with a shortage of N supply in nature. Poplar is one of the most important dioecious and perennials species. Due to the different ecological functions, female and male poplars adopt different adaptation strategies to N limitation. However, the regulation in epigenetic mechanism is poorly understood on sexes. Here, the integrative analysis of whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS), RNA sequencing, and plant physiological analysis on female and male Populus cathayana were performed. We found that N deficiency reprograms methylation in both sexes, and the CG and CHH methylation types played critical roles in female and male poplars, respectively. Induced by DNA methylation, N-deficient males had a stronger phenylpropanoid synthesis pathway and less anthocyanin accumulation than females, which not only strengthened the N cycle but also reduced the defense cost of males. In addition, compared with male poplars, females accumulated more starch to expend excess energy under N limited condition. Additionally, DNA methylation also mediated hormone signalling involved in anthocyanin synthesis and starch metabolism. Therefore, our study reveals new molecular evidences that male poplars are more tolerant to N deficiency than females, which provides a reference for ecological adaptability of forest trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Linchao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Mingyue Fu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xiangge Kong
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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11
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Lin Y, Fang L, Chen H, Sun X, He Y, Duan B, Li R, Cao C, Chen J. Sex-specific competition differently regulates the response of the rhizosphere fungal community of Hippophae rhamnoides-A dioecious plant, under Mn stress. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1102904. [PMID: 36744096 PMCID: PMC9892859 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1102904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the soil physicochemical parameters and responses of rhizospheric fungal communities of Hippophae rhamnoides to Mn stress under different sexual competition patterns. The results showed that competition significantly affects soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activity, and rhizosphere-associated fungal community structures. Under Mn stress, soils with intersexual competition had higher levels of N supply than those with the intrasexual competition. Moreover, fungal communities under intersexual interaction were more positive to Mn stress than intrasexual interaction. Under intrasexual competition, female plants had higher total phosphorus content, neutral phosphatase activity, and relative abundance of symbiotic fungi in soils to obtain phosphorus nutrients to alleviate Mn stress. In contrast, male plants had relatively stable fungal communities in soils. In the intersexual competition, rhizosphere fungal diversity and relative abundance of saprophytic fungi in male plants were significantly higher than in female plants under Mn stress. In addition, female plants showed greater plasticity in the response of rhizosphere microorganisms to their neighbors of different sexes. The microbial composition in soils of female plants varied more than male plants between intrasexual and intersexual competition. These results indicated that sex-specific competition and neighbor effects regulate the microbial community structure and function of dioecious plants under heavy metal stress, which might affect nutrient cycling and phytoremediation potential in heavy metal-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhu Lin
- Engineering Research Center of Chuanxibei RHS Construction at Mianyang Teachers’College of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Teachers’ College, Mianyang, China,School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Mianyang Teachers’ College, Mianyang, China
| | - Ling Fang
- Engineering Research Center of Chuanxibei RHS Construction at Mianyang Teachers’College of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Teachers’ College, Mianyang, China,School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Mianyang Teachers’ College, Mianyang, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Chuanxibei RHS Construction at Mianyang Teachers’College of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Teachers’ College, Mianyang, China,School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Mianyang Teachers’ College, Mianyang, China
| | - Xudong Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Chuanxibei RHS Construction at Mianyang Teachers’College of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Teachers’ College, Mianyang, China
| | - Yunxiao He
- Engineering Research Center of Chuanxibei RHS Construction at Mianyang Teachers’College of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Teachers’ College, Mianyang, China
| | - Baoli Duan
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Li
- Engineering Research Center of Chuanxibei RHS Construction at Mianyang Teachers’College of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Teachers’ College, Mianyang, China
| | - Chuntao Cao
- Northwest Sichuan Geological Team, Sichuan Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Exploration and Development, Mianyang, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Chuanxibei RHS Construction at Mianyang Teachers’College of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Teachers’ College, Mianyang, China,*Correspondence: Juan Chen, ✉
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12
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Sex ratios, damage and distribution of Myrianthus holstii Engl.: a dioecious afromontane forest tree. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467422000499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Male and female dioecious tropical trees are subjected to distinct demands that may influence their ecology. An example is Myrianthus holstii Engl. that produces persistent fruit eaten by elephants and other large mammals that frequently damage the trees. Myrianthus holstii populations were assessed with 24 2-km transects, spanning an elevation range of 1435–2495 m in the Bwindi Impenetrable National Park in Uganda. Of 1089 stems ≥ 5 cm diameter 449 were female, 383 were male and the rest were non-fertile. We also noted one apparently monoecious individual. Males produced flowers at smaller sizes than did females (minimum recorded diameters 5.5 cm and 6.8 cm, respectively). Both sexes had similar distributions, favouring moderately closed forest and mid-slope locations. Female trees were more frequently damaged and typically slightly shorter than males at large diameters. Seedling densities were positively associated with the presence of larger female trees. Our results are consistent with a life history where both sexes have similar requirements, but fruiting females experience a greater frequency of severe damage.
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13
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He Y, Zhu Z, Zhou Z, Lu T, Kumar A, Xia Z. Foliar application of lambda-cyhalothrin modulates root exudate profile and the rhizosphere bacteria community of dioecious Populus cathayana. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 313:120123. [PMID: 36087893 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dioecious plants show sexual differences in resistance traits to abiotic stresses. However, the effects of exogenous pesticide application on female and male plant growth and their associated adaptation mechanisms are unclear. Our study investigated the effects of the broad-spectrum pesticide lambda-cyhalothrin (λ-CY) on dioecious Populus cathayana growth and explored the factors through which λ-CY changed the rhizosphere bacterial community and physicochemical soil properties via sex-specific metabolomics. The sequential application of λ-CY significantly suppressed male shoot- and root biomass, with little effect on the growth of females. Females possessed a higher intrinsic chemo-diversity within their root exudates, and their levels of various metabolites (sugars, fatty acids, and small organic acids) increased after exposure to λ-CY with consequences on bacterial community composition. Maintaining high bacterial alpha diversity and recruiting specific bacterial groups slowed down the loss of rhizosphere nutrients in females. In contrast, the reduction in bacterial alpha diversity and network structure stability in males was associated with lower rhizosphere nutrient availability. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that several bacterial groups were positively correlated with the root secretion of lipids and organic acids, suggesting that these metabolites can affect the soil bacterial groups actively involved in the nutrient pool. This study provided novel insights that root exudates and soil microbial interactions may mediate sex-specific differences in response to pesticide application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue He
- School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Zuodong Zhu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Zhenghu Zhou
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management - Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Tao Lu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Amit Kumar
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Zhichao Xia
- School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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14
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Ma S, Liu G, Wang L, Liu G, Xu X. Salix gordejevii females exhibit more resistance against wind erosion than males under aeolian environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1053741. [PMID: 36452112 PMCID: PMC9702805 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1053741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Effects of wind erosion on growth and adaptability have been widely reported in many plants, but little attention has been paid to dioecious plants. Recent studies have shown that sex-specific responses to environmental changes in many plants exist. To explore sexual differences in response to wind erosion, female and male Salix gordejevii saplings growing on inter-dune land (no erosion) and on the windward slope of the dune (20cm wind erosion) in Hunshandake Sandy Land were chosen and their morphology, biomass and physiological traits were investigated, respectively. Wind erosion significantly reduced plant growth, biomass accumulation, gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence, and obviously disrupted osmotic regulation function and antioxidant enzyme system in both sexes, especially in males. Under wind erosion condition, females exhibited higher sapling height (SH), basal diameter (BD), leaf dry mass (LDM), root dry mass (RDM), total dry mass (TDM), root percentage in total dry mass, net photosynthesis rate (P n), maximum efficiency of photosystem II (F v/F m), effective quantum yield of PSII (Φ PSII), relative water content (RWC) of leaves, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities, but lower malondialdehyde (MDA), proline as well as soluble sugar content than did males. However, no significant sexual differences in most of these traits were observed under no erosion condition. Our results demonstrated that females possess a greater resistance to wind erosion than do males, with females having a better photosynthetic capacity, stronger water retention capacity and more efficient antioxidant system to alleviate negative effects caused by aeolian environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Ma
- College of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Guohou Liu
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Guanzhi Liu
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (China West Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanchong, China
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15
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Draper JT, Conran JG, Simpson BS, Weinstein P. Sex-linked reproductive allocation in the dioecious shrub Pimelea microcephala subsp. microcephala (Thymelaeaceae) from four populations across a rainfall gradient. T ROY SOC SOUTH AUST 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03721426.2022.2141875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. T. Draper
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - J. G. Conran
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - B. S. Simpson
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - P. Weinstein
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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16
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He F, Wu Z, Zhao Z, Chen G, Wang X, Cui X, Zhu T, Chen L, Yang P, Bi L, Lin T. Drought stress drives sex-specific differences in plant resistance against herbivores between male and female poplars through changes in transcriptional and metabolic profiles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157171. [PMID: 35809724 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress poses adverse influence on plant growth and further alters plant-herbivore interactions. Such effect is enhanced as drought occurrence is reported to increase due to global warming. Although dioecious plant species have shown sex-specific response to drought stress through the changes in growth performance and stress tolerance, whether such changes will drive sex-specific differences in defense against herbivores between male and female plant conspecifics is barely studied. In the current study, female and male poplar full-siblings were submitted to moderate (75 % field water capacity) and severe drought (50 % field water capacity) stresses, followed by herbivore growth and feeding bioassays to test the effect of plant gender on herbivore growth and feeding performance of two specialist and two generalist leaf herbivores. The results showed that although the growth of both plant sexes was inhibited by the two drought levels, male plants performed better than female conspecifics. In the paired-choice bioassays, the specialist herbivores preferred female plants while the generalist herbivores fed more on the male plants without drought stress. Both the moderate and severe drought stresses reversed such preferences. In the triple-choice bioassays, the specialist herbivores preferred female control plants while the generalist herbivores fed more on female plants under severe drought. In addition, the specialist herbivores fed on female plants from severe drought stress grew the worst while the generalist herbivores gained the highest fresh weight. The transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling revealed that female plant leaves contained higher levels of flavonoids than males under control condition while severe drought stress remarkably reduced the levels of defensive metabolites such as flavonoids, isoflavonoids, neoflavonoids and alkaloids in female but not in male plant leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang He
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengqin Wu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengbao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China; College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan Water Conservancy College, 611231 Chongzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China
| | - Xuegui Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China
| | - Xinglei Cui
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China
| | - Tianhui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China
| | - Lianghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China
| | - Lingfeng Bi
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China
| | - Tiantian Lin
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China.
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17
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Li TX, Shen-Tu XL, Xu L, Zhang WJ, Duan JP, Song YB, Dong M. Intraspecific and sex-dependent variation of leaf traits along altitude gradient in the endangered dioecious tree Taxus fuana Nan Li & R.R. Mill. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:996750. [PMID: 36325570 PMCID: PMC9618961 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.996750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant intraspecific trait variation (ITV) including sex-dependent differences are matters of many ecological consequences, from individual to ecosystem, especially in endangered and rare species. Taxus fuana is an endangered dioecious species with small and isolated populations endemic to the Himalayas region. Little is known about its trait variation between sexes, and among populations. In this study, 18 leaf traits from 179 reproductive trees (males and females) along the altitude (2600-3200m a.s.l.) of the T. fuana populations distributed in Gyirong County, Tibet, China, were measured. ITV and sources of variation in leaf traits were assessed. The relationship between leaf traits of males and females and altitude was analyzed separately. Variations in leaf traits of T. fuana ranged from 3.1% to 24.2%, with the smallest in leaf carbon content and the largest in leaf thickness to area ratio. On average 78.13% of the variation in leaf traits was from within populations and 21.87% among populations. The trends in leaf width, leaf nitrogen to phosphorus ratio, leaf carbon to nitrogen ratio, leaf carbon isotope ratio, and leaf nitrogen isotope ratio in relation to altitude were the same for males and females. Leaf length to width ratio varied significantly with altitude only in males, while leaf phosphorus content, leaf nitrogen content, and leaf carbon to phosphorus ratio varied significantly with altitude only in females. The correlation coefficients of most leaf traits of females with altitude were larger than that of males. In the relationship between leaf traits, there was a high similarity among males and females, but the altitude accounted for more explanation in females than in males. Our results suggested that the variation in leaf traits of T. fuana was small and did not dominate the interspecific competition in the local communities. Adaptation to the altitude gradient of T. fuana might be through altering nutrient storage processes and water use efficiency. Adaptation of male and female T. fuana to environmental changes showed differences, where the males were more tolerant and the females responded greatly to altitude. The differences in adaptation strategies between male and female T. fuana may be detrimental to the maintenance of their populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ming Dong
- *Correspondence: Yao-Bin Song, ; Ming Dong,
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18
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Sex-Specific Physiological Responses of Populus cathayana to Uranium Stress. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13071123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Attention is increasingly being paid to the contamination of soil by the radioactive element uranium (U). Phytoremediation of contaminated soil by economically advantageous and environment-protective plants shows considerable potential for addressing this problem. Populus cathayana is a species with high heavy-metal tolerance, economic value, and notable potential for phytoremediation. Plant-sex-related differences can lead to differences in vegetative growth and tolerance to various stressors. As such, in this study, we designed a pot experiment to analyze the responses of male and female trees of P. cathayana to 50 mg kg−1 U stress in contaminated soil for 3 months. We studied the U uptake and distribution, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, active oxygen species, and antioxidant enzymes of P. cathayana. The results showed that the photosynthetic activity and chlorophyll fluorescence of male and female trees were similar, and U stress mainly affected the nonstomatal factors and photosystem II during photosynthesis. Regarding the physiological and biochemical processes, male and female trees showed different defense strategies: male trees had higher peroxidase (POD), H2O2, and soluble sugars, but lower malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and soluble proteins. Under U stress, the active oxygen produced by male trees could be cleared by antioxidant enzymes, preventing damage to the cell membrane. Male trees accumulated a higher U concentration in their roots than female trees, whereas the transportation of U from roots to leaves in male trees was lower than that in female trees. Therefore, our results suggested that male trees have a higher tolerance capacity and greater ability to remediate U-polluted soil than female trees. Future phytoremediation studies should consider the differences between plant sexes in the tolerance to U-contaminated land.
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19
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Physiological aspects of sex differences and Haldane's rule in Rumex hastatulus. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11145. [PMID: 35778518 PMCID: PMC9249882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Haldane's rule (HR, impairment of fertility and/or viability of interracial hybrids) seems to be one of few generalizations in evolutionary biology. The validity of HR has been confirmed in animals, and more recently in some dioecious plants (Silene and Rumex). Dioecious Rumex hastatulus has two races differing in the sex chromosome system: Texas (T) and North Carolina (NC), and T × NC males showed both reduced pollen fertility and rarity-two classical symptoms of Haldane's rule (HR). The reduced fertility of these plants has a simple mechanistic explanation, but the reason for their rarity was not elucidated. Here, we measured selected physiological parameters related to the antioxidant defense system in parental races and reciprocal hybrids of R. hastatulus. We showed that the X-autosome configurations, as well as asymmetries associated with Y chromosomes and cytoplasm, could modulate this system in hybrids. The levels and quantitative patterns of the measured parameters distinguish the T × NC hybrid from the other analyzed forms. Our observations suggest that the rarity of T × NC males is caused postzygotically and most likely related to the higher level of oxidative stress induced by the chromosomal incompatibilities. It is the first report on the physiological aspects of HR in plants.
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20
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Variability in Functional Traits along an Environmental Gradient in the South African Resurrection Plant Myrothamnus flabellifolia. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11101332. [PMID: 35631757 PMCID: PMC9143701 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many desiccation-tolerant plants are widely distributed and exposed to substantial environmental variation across their native range. These environmental differences generate site-specific selective pressures that could drive natural variation in desiccation tolerance across populations. If identified, such natural variation can be used to target tolerance-enhancing characteristics and identify trait associations within a common genetic background. Here, we tested for natural variation in desiccation tolerance across wild populations of the South African resurrection plant Myrothamnus flabellifolia. We surveyed a suite of functional traits related to desiccation tolerance, leaf economics, and reproductive allocation in M. flabellifolia to test for trait associations and tradeoffs. Despite considerable environmental variation across the study area, M. flabellifolia plants were extremely desiccation tolerant at all sites, suggesting that tolerance is either maintained by selection or fixed in these populations. However, we detected notable associations between environmental variation, population characteristics, and fitness traits. Relative to mesic sites, plants in xeric sites were more abundant and larger, but were slower growing and less reproductive. The negative association between growth and reproduction with plant size and abundance pointed towards a potential growth–abundance tradeoff. The finding that M. flabellifolia is more common in xeric sites despite reductions in growth rate and reproduction suggests that these plants thrive in extreme aridity.
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21
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Pereira JP, Garbin ML, Carrijo TT, da Silva JA, Bourguignon TP, Cavatte PC. Lack of coordination between stomatal and vein traits provides functional benefits to the dioecious tropical tree Myrsine coriacea. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13719. [PMID: 35587454 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Climate change will affect the distribution of many tropical plant species. However, the understanding of how dioecious tropical species cope with different environmental conditions is still limited. To address this issue, we investigated how secondary trait attributes in populations of the dioecious tropical tree Myrsine coriacea change along an altitudinal gradient. Eighty individual plants (40 male and 40 female) were selected among seven natural populations. Leaf variation in morphological and stomatal traits, and carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions were analyzed. Female plants had greater isotopic leaf carbon composition (δ13 C) and nitrogen content than male plants, increasing their carboxylation capacity. Plants of both sexes had smaller stomata, greater water-use efficiency (greater δ13 C), and greater nitrogen isotopic composition (δ15 N) at higher altitudes. They also showed lower δ15 N and had greater carbon: nitrogen ratios at lower altitudes. There was a lack of coordination between stomatal and vein traits, which was compensated for by variation in specific leaf areas. This mechanism was essential for increasing plant performance under the limiting conditions found by the species at higher altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Priscilla Pereira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Mário Luís Garbin
- Laboratório de Botânica, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Tavares Carrijo
- Laboratório de Botânica, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Josimar Aleixo da Silva
- Laboratório de Botânica, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brazil
- Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural, Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Tayna Poppe Bourguignon
- Laboratório de Botânica, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cezar Cavatte
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
- Laboratório de Botânica, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brazil
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22
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Sargent RD, McKeough AD. New evidence suggests no sex bias in herbivory or plant defense. Am Nat 2022; 200:435-447. [DOI: 10.1086/720366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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23
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Yu F, Yi L, Mao X, Song Q, Korpelainen H, Liu M. Nitrogen addition alleviated sexual differences in responses to cadmium toxicity by regulating the antioxidant system and root characteristics, and inhibiting Cd translocation in mulberry seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 232:113288. [PMID: 35149410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) toxicity and nitrogen (N) deposition are two major environmental stresses which can affect plant growth. It's less clear that how the combined Cd accumulation and N deposition affect the male and female plants of dioecious species. The aim of the present study was to detect sex-specific responses to Cd stress and simulated N deposition in one-year-old male, female and hermaphrodite seedlings of Morus alba. Changes in morphology, physiology, root architecture and biomass of the three sex types of mulberry seedlings were determined. The results showed that Cd toxicity caused limited growth, impaired photosynthetic apparatus and decreased gas exchange rates with significant sex-specific differences. Mulberry was found to deploy detoxification mechanisms to avoid or tolerate toxic Cd effects through the activation of the antioxidant system, increasing proline and non-protein thiol contents, translocating Cd into different plant parts and decreasing biomass. Females displayed a low tolerance to high Cd and were more sensitive to Cd stress. Simulated N deposition alleviated the negative effects of Cd on leaves and decreased sex-specific differences in the three kinds of mulberry seedlings, but N fertilizer did not affect the total biomass. The N-stimulated increasing in proline and non-protein thiol contents might play a crucial role in resisting the damage caused by Cd stress, and the three kinds of mulberry seedlings had slightly different ways of improving Cd tolerance by N deposition. Sexual differences in Cd accumulation are correlated with root architecture. This study provides evidence for the utilization of mulberry to treat Cd-contaminated soils under N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Lita Yi
- College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xiaoyu Mao
- College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Qi Song
- Department of Health and Agriculture, Hangzhou Wanxiang Polytechnic, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Helena Korpelainen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27 (Latokartanonkaari 5), Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Meihua Liu
- College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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24
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Sex Differences in Desiccation Tolerance Varies by Colony in the Mesic Liverwort Plagiochila porelloides. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11040478. [PMID: 35214811 PMCID: PMC8877780 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Water scarcity, a common stress factor, negatively impacts plant performance. Strategies to cope with it, such as desiccation tolerance, are becoming increasingly important to investigate. However, phenomena, such as intraspecific variation in stress responses have not received much attention. Knowledge of this variability and the environmental drivers can be leveraged to further investigate the mechanisms of desiccation tolerance. Here we tested for variation in desiccation tolerance in Plagiochila porelloides among colonies and sexes within the same riparian zone. Field-collected dehardened plants were subjected to a desiccation event, under controlled conditions and then rehydrated. Plant water status, photosynthetic rates, net carbon gain, and efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) were assayed to evaluate tissue desiccation, basic metabolic processes and plant recovery. To establish a linkage between plant response and environmental factors, field light conditions were measured. We detected intraspecific variation, where a more exposed colony (high percentage of open sky, large temporal range of light quantity, and high red/far-red ratio) showed sex differences in desiccation tolerance and recovery. Overall, PSII recovery occurred by 72 h after rehydration, with a positive carbon gain occurring by day 30. This within species variation suggests plastic or genetic effects, and likely association with light conditions.
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25
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Lin T, Tang J, He F, Chen G, Shi Y, Wang X, Han S, Li S, Zhu T, Chen L. Sexual differences in above- and belowground herbivore resistance between male and female poplars as affected by soil cadmium stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 803:150081. [PMID: 34500283 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dioecious plant species presented sexual differences in metal accumulation and allocation between male and female conspecifics that grown on metal contaminated soil. As the Elemental defense hypothesis postulates that metals accumulated in plant tissues could protect plants from herbivory, whether such sexual dimorphism in response to metal stress of a dioecious plant will lead to differences in herbivore resistance between male and female conspecifics is still unknown. In this study, we used female and male siblings of Populus deltoides to investigate the effect of plant sex on the growth and feeding preferences of four leaf herbivores and a root herbivore under soil cadmium (Cd) stress. The results showed that the male plants accumulated significantly higher Cd in the leaves while the females allocated more Cd in the roots. Leaf herbivores fed on male leaves grew worse than those fed on female leaves under Cd exposure, while the root herbivore showed the opposite results. In addition, all leaf herbivores strongly preferred the leaves from Cd-stressed female plants than male ones. The quantification of gene expression further showed that Cd stress could significantly upregulate more genes involved in Cd uptake, transport and detoxification pathways in male leaves and female roots. In combination with the correlation tests, we postulated that such sexual differences in herbivore resistance between the two plant sexes was most likely due to the different Cd allocation patterns in plant leaves and roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Lin
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayao Tang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China
| | - Fang He
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China
| | - Yujie Shi
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China
| | - Xuegui Wang
- College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China
| | - Shan Han
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China
| | - Shujiang Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China
| | - Tianhui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China
| | - Lianghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China.
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26
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Liu M, Zhao Y, Liu X, Korpelainen H, Li C. Ammonium and nitrate affect sexually different responses to salt stress in Populus cathayana. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13626. [PMID: 35023578 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) fertilization is a promising approach to improve salt tolerance. However, it is poorly known how plant sex and inorganic N alter salt stress-induced Na+ uptake, distribution and tolerance. This study employed Populus cathayana Rehder females and males to examine sex-related mechanisms of salt tolerance under nitrate (NO3 - ) and ammonium (NH4 + ) nutrition. Males had a higher root Na+ efflux, lower root-to-shoot translocation of Na+ , and higher K+ /Na+ , which enhanced salt tolerance under both N forms compared to females. On the other hand, decreased root Na+ efflux and K+ retention, and an increased ratio of Na+ in leaves relative to shoots in females caused greater salt sensitivity. Females receiving NH4 + rather than NO3 - had greater net root Na+ uptake, K+ efflux, and translocation to the shoots, especially in leaves. In contrast, males receiving NO3 - rather than NH4 + had increased Na+ translocation to the shoots, especially in the bark, which may narrow the difference in leaf damage by salt stress between N forms despite a higher shoot Na+ accumulation and lower root Na+ efflux. Genes related to cell wall synthesis, K+ and Na+ transporters, and denaturized protein scavenging in the barks showed differential expression between females and males in response to salt stress under both N forms. These results suggested that the regulation of N forms in salt stress tolerance was sex-dependent, which was related to the maintenance of the K+ /Na+ ratio in tissues, the ability of Na+ translocation to the shoots, and the transcriptional regulation of bark cell wall and proteolysis profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- Department of Ecology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Ecology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiucheng Liu
- Department of Ecology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Helena Korpelainen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Chunyang Li
- Department of Ecology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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27
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Song H, Chen Y, Cai Z, Wu X, Zhang S. Nitrogen-influenced competition between the genders of Salix rehderiana. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:2375-2391. [PMID: 34137865 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Male and female willow plants show spatial segregation of genders along the environmental gradients. The skewed gender ratio of willows is related not only to altitude, but also to nutrient status and sexual competition, which can affect their growth and defense by altering secondary metabolite production. The relationship between metabolites and nutrients in the two genders of Salix rehderiana was explored in the Gongga Mountain. We found that the gender ratio was altered with a change in soil nitrogen (N) status; in the high N habitats, secondary metabolites accumulated in males. Furthermore, a pot experiment was conducted to test the effect of N supply on gender competition in S. rehderiana. Sufficient N supply stimulated females to produce amino acids and carbon (C)-containing secondary metabolites for maintaining their C-N balance, but extra N for males was used for growth to occupy more space. Nitrogen supply induced foliar nutrient imbalances and growth of opportunistic species, allowing them to outcompete neighbors. Better C allocation and storage in male than female willows would benefit intersexual competitiveness of males if environment N increases. Competition between the genders has a significant correlation with skewed gender ratio, spatial separation and resource utilization. Female willows would suffer fiercer competition for space by males with the increased soil N, which would result in the gender ratio alteration. Therefore, gender ratio of willows is likely to convert to gender balance from female-biased with long-term N deposition in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Song
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zeyu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xinxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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28
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Scharmann M, Rebelo AG, Pannell JR. High rates of evolution preceded shifts to sex-biased gene expression in Leucadendron, the most sexually dimorphic angiosperms. eLife 2021; 10:e67485. [PMID: 34726596 PMCID: PMC8635981 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences between males and females are usually more subtle in dioecious plants than animals, but strong sexual dimorphism has evolved convergently in the South African Cape plant genus Leucadendron. Such sexual dimorphism in leaf size is expected largely to be due to differential gene expression between the sexes. We compared patterns of gene expression in leaves among 10 Leucadendron species across the genus. Surprisingly, we found no positive association between sexual dimorphism in morphology and the number or the percentage of sex-biased genes (SBGs). Sex bias in most SBGs evolved recently and was species specific. We compared rates of evolutionary change in expression for genes that were sex biased in one species but unbiased in others and found that SBGs evolved faster in expression than unbiased genes. This greater rate of expression evolution of SBGs, also documented in animals, might suggest the possible role of sexual selection in the evolution of gene expression. However, our comparative analysis clearly indicates that the more rapid rate of expression evolution of SBGs predated the origin of bias, and shifts towards bias were depleted in signatures of adaptation. Our results are thus more consistent with the view that sex bias is simply freer to evolve in genes less subject to constraints in expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Scharmann
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Anthony G Rebelo
- Applied Biodiversity Research Division, South African National Biodiversity InstituteCape TownSouth Africa
| | - John R Pannell
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
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29
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Muñoz P, Cotado A, Munné-Bosch S. Transient photoinhibition and photo-oxidative stress as an integral part of stress acclimation and plant development in a dioecious tree adapted to Mediterranean ecosystems. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:1212-1229. [PMID: 33388772 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mastic trees (Pistacia lentiscus L.) are dioecious perennial plants that are highly adapted to Mediterranean climates but display a high sensitivity to winter periods. In order to understand how sex, leaf phenology and ecological context could condition sensitivity to winter and associated mechanisms to acclimate to these conditions, photoinhibition and photo-oxidative stress markers were examined in mastic trees (P. lentiscus) from a natural population growing in the Garraf Natural Park for a consecutive 12-month period (seasonal study), as well as in three populations naturally growing in the Montseny Natural Park, including the highest altitudes described for this species, during winter (altitudinal study). Results from these studies indicate that both the winter period and higher elevation influenced the degree of photoinhibition, but this was not conditioned by sex. In fact, winter photoinhibition occurred transiently even though it was accompanied by chlorophyll loss and malondialdehyde contents. Stress acclimation was achieved through biochemical adjustments in chloroplasts, characterized by anthocyanin shielding, increased de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle as well as tocopherol accumulation, and phenological adaptations, the latter allowing a complete resetting of the physiological performance of leaves. Moreover, although females showed higher lipid peroxidation than males during the coldest winter months, at the highest elevation and during flowering in spring, this oxidative stress was mild and transient with no negative consequences for the physiology of plants. It is concluded that evergreen mastic trees acclimate to winter conditions and higher elevations by activation of antioxidant defenses together with phenological adjustments, altogether playing a crucial role in plant survival. Sexual dimorphism in mastic trees appears as a relevant factor when considering sensitivity to photo-oxidative stress in winter and altitudinal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Muñoz
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Cotado
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Mesgaran MB, Matzrafi M, Ohadi S. Sex dimorphism in dioecious Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in response to water stress. PLANTA 2021; 254:17. [PMID: 34185182 PMCID: PMC8241796 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03664-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Phenological isolation can potentially reduce seed output and may be exploited as a novel tool for ecological management of dioecious weeds. Dioecious plants may benefit from a maximized outcrossing and optimal sex-specific resource allocation; however, this breeding system may also be exploited for weed management. Seed production in dioecious species is contingent upon the co-occurrence and co-flowering of the two genders and can be further disturbed by flowering asynchrony. We explored dimorphism in secondary sex characters in Amaranthus palmeri, and tested if reproductive synchrony can be affected by water stress. We have used seeds of A. palmeri from California, Kansas and Texas, and studied secondary sex characters under natural conditions and in response to water stress. Seeds of A. palmeri from California (CA) and Kansas (KS) were cordially provided by Dr. Anil Shrestha (California State University, Fresno, California) and Dr. Dallas E. Peterson (Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas), respectively. Seeds of a third population were collected from mature plants (about 30 plants) from a set-aside field in College Station, Texas. A. palmeri showed no sexual dimorphism with regard to the timing of emergence, plant height, and relative growth rate. While the initiation of flowering occurred earlier in males than females, females preceded males in timing of anthesis. Water stress delayed anthesis in males to a greater extent than females increasing the anthesis mismatch between the two sexes by seven days. Our data provide the first evidence of environment-controlled flowering asynchrony in A. palmeri. From a practical point of view, phenological isolation can potentially reduce seed output and may be exploited as a novel tool for ecological management of dioecious weeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen B Mesgaran
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Maor Matzrafi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Sara Ohadi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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31
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Wang YH, Zhang NL, Wang MQ, He XB, Lv ZQ, Wei J, Su X, Wu AP, Li Y. Sex-Specific Differences in the Physiological and Biochemical Performance of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi-Inoculated Mulberry Clones Under Salinity Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:614162. [PMID: 33815436 PMCID: PMC8012686 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.614162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are often considered bioameliorators. AMF can promote plant growth under various stressful conditions; however, differences between male and female clones in mycorrhizal strategies that protect plants from the detrimental effects of salinity are not well studied. In this study, we aimed to examine the interactive effects of salinity and AMF on the growth, photosynthetic traits, nutrient uptake, and biochemical responses of Morus alba males and females. In a factorial setup, male and female M. alba clones were subjected to three salinity regimes (0, 50, and 200 mM NaCl) and planted in soil with or without Funneliformis mosseae inoculation. The results showed that NaCl alone conferred negative effects on the growth, salinity tolerance, photosynthetic performance, and shoot and root ionic ratios (K+/Na+, Ca2+/Na+, and Mg2+/Na+) in both sexes; in contrast, mycorrhizal inoculation mitigated the detrimental effects of salinity. Furthermore, the mycorrhizal effects were closely correlated with Mn2+, proline, and N concentrations. Females benefited more from AMF inoculation as shown by the enhancements in their biomass accumulation, and N, proline, K+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, and Mn2+ concentrations than males with mycorrhizal inoculation under saline conditions. In comparison, male plants inoculated with AMF showed improvements in biomass allocated to the roots, P, and peroxidase concentrations under saline conditions. These sex-specific differences suggest that male and female mulberry clones adopted different mycorrhizal strategies when growing under saline conditions. Overall, our results provide insight into the sex-specific difference in the performance of AMF-associated mulberry clones, suggesting that female mulberry could be more suitable for vegetation remediation than the male one, due to its higher salinity tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nai-Li Zhang
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Min-Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Lv
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiu Su
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ai-Ping Wu
- Ecology Department, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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32
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Liu M, Wang Y, Liu X, Korpelainen H, Li C. Intra- and intersexual interactions shape microbial community dynamics in the rhizosphere of Populus cathayana females and males exposed to excess Zn. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123783. [PMID: 33254793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we intended to investigate the responses of rhizospheric bacterial communities of Populus cathayana to excess Zn under different planting patterns. The results suggested that intersexual and intrasexual interactions strongly affect plant growth and Zn extraction in both sexes, as well as rhizosphere-associated bacterial community structures. Females had a higher capacity of Zn accumulation and translocation than males under all planting patterns. Males had lower Zn accumulation and translocation under intersexual than under intrasexual interaction; the contrary was true for females. Females harbored abundant Streptomyces and Nocardioides in their rhizosphere, similarly to males under intersexual interaction, but differed from single-sex males under excess Zn. Conversely, intersexual interaction increased the abundance of key taxa Actinomycetales and Betaproteobacteria in both sexes exposed to excess Zn. Males improved the female rhizospheric microenvironment by increasing the abundance of some key tolerance taxa of Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria in both sexes under excess Zn in intersexual interaction. These results indicated that the sex of neighboring plants affected sexual differences in the choice of specific bacterial colonizations for phytoextraction and tolerance to Zn-contaminated soils, which might regulate the spatial segregation and phytoremediation potential of P. cathayana females and males under heavy metal contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xiucheng Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Helena Korpelainen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Chunyang Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
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33
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Wu J, Shi Z, Liu S, Centritto M, Cao X, Zhang M, Zhao G. Photosynthetic capacity of male and female Hippophae rhamnoides plants along an elevation gradient in eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:76-88. [PMID: 32785643 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Elevational variations in the growing environment and sex differences in individuals drive the diversification of photosynthetic capacity of plants. However, photosynthetic response of dioecious plants to elevation gradients and the mechanisms that cause these responses are poorly understood. We measured foliar gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and nitrogen allocations of male and female Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) at the elevation of 1900-3700 m above sea level (a.s.l.) on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Male and female plants showed increased leaf photosynthetic capacity at higher elevation generally with no sex-specific difference. Photosynthetic photon flux density-saturated photosynthesis (Asat) was limited mostly by diffusional components (77 ± 1%), whereas biochemical components contributed minor limitations (22 ± 1%). Mesophyll conductance (gm) played an essential role in Asat variation, accounting for 40 ± 2% of the total photosynthetic limitations and had a significant positive correlation with Asat. Leaf nitrogen allocations to Rubisco (PR) and bioenergetics (PB) in the photosynthetic apparatus were major drivers for variations in photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency. The increase of these resource uptake capacities enables H. rhamnoides to maintain a high level of carbon assimilation and function efficiently to cope with the harsh conditions and shorter growing season at higher elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Zuomin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Torino 10135, Italy
| | - Shun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Mauro Centritto
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Torino 10135, Italy
| | - Xiangwen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Guangdong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
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Marks RA, Smith JJ, VanBuren R, McLetchie DN. Expression dynamics of dehydration tolerance in the tropical plant Marchantia inflexa. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:209-222. [PMID: 33119914 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tolerance to prolonged water deficit occurs along a continuum in plants, with dehydration tolerance (DhT) and desiccation tolerance (DT) representing some of the most extreme adaptations to water scarcity. Although DhT and DT presumably vary among individuals of a single species, this variability remains largely unstudied. Here, we characterized expression dynamics throughout a dehydration-rehydration time-course in six diverse genotypes of the dioecious liverwort Marchantia inflexa. We identified classical signatures of stress response in M. inflexa, including major changes in transcripts related to metabolism, expression of LEA and ELIP genes, and evidence of cell wall remodeling. However, we detected very little temporal synchronization of these responses across different genotypes of M. inflexa, which may be related to genotypic variation among samples, constitutive expression of dehydration-associated transcripts, the sequestration of mRNAs in ribonucleoprotein partials prior to drying, or the lower tolerance of M. inflexa relative to most bryophytes studied to date. Our characterization of intraspecific variation in expression dynamics suggests that differences in the timing of transcriptional adjustments contribute to variation among genotypes, and that developmental differences impact the relative tolerance of meristematic and differentiated tissues. This work highlights the complexity and variability of water stress tolerance, and underscores the need for comparative studies that seek to characterize variation in DT and DhT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose A Marks
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jeramiah J Smith
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Robert VanBuren
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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35
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FT-IR biomarkers of sexual dimorphism in yerba-mate plants: Seasonal and light accessibility effects. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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Mc Cargo PD, Iannone LJ, Soria M, Novas MV. Diversity of foliar endophytes in a dioecious wild grass and their interaction with the systemic Epichloë. FUNGAL ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2020.100945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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37
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Liu M, Liu X, Kang J, Korpelainen H, Li C. Are males and females of Populus cathayana differentially sensitive to Cd stress? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 393:122411. [PMID: 32114141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study clarifies the mechanisms of Cd uptake, translocation and detoxification in Populus cathayana Rehder females and males, and reveals a novel strategy for dioecious plants to cope with Cd contamination. Females exhibited a high degree of Cd uptake and root-to-shoot translocation, while males showed extensive Cd accumulation in roots, elevated antioxidative capacity, and effective cellular and bark Cd sequestration. Our study also found that Cd is largely located in epidermal and cortical tissues of male roots and leaves, while in females, more Cd was present in vascular tissues of roots and leaves, as well as in leaf mesophyll. In addition, the distributions of sulphur (S) and phosphorus (P) were very similar as that of Cd in males, but the associations were weak in females. Scanning electron microscopy and energy spectroscopy analyses suggested that the amounts of tissue Cd were positively correlated with P and S amounts in males, but not in females (a weak correlation between S and Cd). Transcriptional data suggested that Cd stress promoted the upregulation of genes related to Cd uptake and translocation in females, and that of genes related to cell wall biosynthesis, metal tolerance and secondary metabolism in males. Our results indicated that coordinated physiological, microstructural and transcriptional responses to Cd stress endowed superior Cd tolerance in males compared with females, and provided new insights into mechanisms underlying sexually differential responses to Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xingxing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jieyu Kang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Helena Korpelainen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Chunyang Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
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Liao J, Cai Z, Song H, Zhang S. Poplar males and willow females exhibit superior adaptation to nocturnal warming than the opposite sex. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 717:137179. [PMID: 32062275 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The Salicaceae family consists of dioecious woody plants. Morphological and physiological species-related, sex-specific responses to nocturnal warming in these plants are seldom-reported. In order to explore the different responses of sex-biased species to nighttime warming, males and females of Populus cathayana and Salix paraplesia were used in this study. After 60 days of nighttime warming (+4 °C ambient nighttime conditions) in growth chambers, nighttime warming significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased height growth rate, leaf proline content, leaf soluble protein content, and root soluble sugar content, while decreased biomass accumulation, photosynthesis, specific leaf area, and ATP levels in both species. Also, nighttime warming resulted in distorted chloroplasts and a greater starch accumulation in P. cathayana and S. paraplesia leaves. Moreover, sex-specific, nighttime warming responses were different, where P. cathayana males and S. paraplesia females exhibited lower aboveground to root mass ratios and higher root dry mass, net photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance, total chlorophyll contents, specific leaf area, and lower foliar ATP, and less damage to mesophyll cells compared to the opposite sex. Therefore, P. cathayana males and S. paraplesia females exhibit superior adaptability to nighttime temperatures by enlarging their root systems, accumulating more carbohydrates, and adjusting osmotic substances to support their growth processes. Based on these results, it is predicted that P. cathayana males and S. paraplesia females will outperform the opposite sex under ongoing, rising nighttime temperatures in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liao
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zeyu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Haifeng Song
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Blake‐Mahmud J, Struwe L. When the going gets tough, the tough turn female: injury and sex expression in a sex-changing tree. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2020; 107:339-349. [PMID: 32086802 PMCID: PMC7155049 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Plant sex is usually fixed, but in rare cases, sex expression is flexible and may be influenced by environmental factors. Theory links female sex expression to better health, but manipulative work involving the experimental change of health via injury is limited, particularly in sexually plastic species. A better understanding of mechanisms influencing shifts in sex is essential to our understanding of life history theory regarding trade-offs in sex allocation and differential mortality. METHODS We investigated the relationship between physiological stress and sex expression in sexually plastic striped maple trees (Acer pensylvanicum) by inflicting damage of various intensities (crown pruning, defoliation, and hydraulic restriction). We then monitored the sex expression of injured and control individuals for 2 years to assess the extent to which injury may cue changes in sex expression. RESULTS We found that severe damage such as full defoliation or severe pruning increased odds of changing sex to female and decreased odds of changing to male. In fact, no pruned male trees flowered male 2 years later, while all males in the control group flowered partially or fully male. After full defoliation, trees had 4.5 times higher odds of flowering female. Not all injury is equal; less-severe physical trauma did not affect the frequency of sex change to femaleness. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates that physical trauma in striped maple appears to exhibit a threshold effect in which only the most stressful of physiological cues instigate changes in sex expression, a phenomenon previously unknown, and that damage stress is strongly correlated with switching to femaleness. These findings have implications for population sex ratios and sustainability within an increasing stressful climate regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Blake‐Mahmud
- Princeton Writing ProgramPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNJ08544USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Natural ResourcesRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJ08901USA
- Present address:
Biology DepartmentColgate University13 Oak DriveHamiltonNY13346USA
| | - Lena Struwe
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Natural ResourcesRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJ08901USA
- Department of Plant BiologyRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJ08901USA
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Xia Z, He Y, Yu L, Lv R, Korpelainen H, Li C. Sex-specific strategies of phosphorus (P) acquisition in Populus cathayana as affected by soil P availability and distribution. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:782-792. [PMID: 31487045 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soil phosphorus (P) availability and its distribution influence plant growth and productivity, but how they affect the growth dynamics and sex-specific P acquisition strategies of dioecious plant species is poorly understood. In this study, the impact of soil P availability and its distribution on dioecious Populus cathayana was characterized. P. cathayana males and females were grown under three levels of P supply, and with homogeneous or heterogeneous P distribution. Females had a greater total root length, specific root length (SRL), biomass and foliar P concentration under high P supply. Under P deficiency, males had a smaller root system than females but a greater exudation of soil acid phosphatase, and a higher colonization rate and arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal biomass, suggesting a better capacity to mine P and a stronger association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to forage P. Heterogeneous P distribution enhanced growth and root length density (RLD) in females. Female root proliferation in P-rich patches was related to increased foliar P assimilation. Localized P application for increasing P availability did not enhance the biomass accumulation and the morphological plasticity of roots in males, but it raised hyphal biomass. The findings herein indicate that sex-specific strategies in P acquisition relate to root morphology, root exudation and mycorrhizal symbioses, and they may contribute to sex-specific resource utilization patterns and niche segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Xia
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue He
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Yu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rubing Lv
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, Zhejiang, China
| | - Helena Korpelainen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Chunyang Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, Zhejiang, China
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41
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Liu M, Bi J, Liu X, Kang J, Korpelainen H, Niinemets Ü, Li C. Microstructural and physiological responses to cadmium stress under different nitrogen levels in Populus cathayana females and males. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:30-45. [PMID: 31748807 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although increasing attention has been paid to the relationships between heavy metal and nitrogen (N) availability, the mechanism underlying adaptation to cadmium (Cd) stress in dioecious plants has been largely overlooked. This study examined Cd accumulation, translocation and allocation among tissues and cellular compartments in Populus cathayana Rehder females and males. Both leaf Cd accumulation and root-to-shoot Cd translocation were significantly greater in females than in males under a normal N supply, but they were reduced in females and enhanced in males under N deficiency. The genes related to Cd uptake and translocation, HMA2, YSL2 and ZIP2, were strongly induced by Cd stress in female roots and in males under a normal N supply. Cadmium largely accumulated in the leaf blades of females and in the leaf veins of males under a normal N supply, while the contrary was true under N deficiency. Furthermore, Cd was mainly distributed in the leaf epidermis and spongy tissues of males, and in the leaf palisade tissues of females. Nitrogen deficiency increased Cd allocation to the spongy tissues of female leaves and to the palisade tissues of males. In roots, Cd was preferentially distributed to the epidermis and cortices in both sexes, and also to the vascular tissues of females under a normal N supply but not under N deficiency. These results suggested that males possess better Cd tolerance compared with females, even under N deficiency, which is associated with their reduced root-to-shoot Cd translocation, specific Cd distribution in organic and/or cellular compartments, and enhanced antioxidation and ion homeostasis. Our study also provides new insights into engineering woody plants for phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Jingwen Bi
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Xiucheng Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Jieyu Kang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Helena Korpelainen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, PO Box 27, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
- School of Forestry and Bio-Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Chunyang Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
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Yule KJ, Burns KC. Parasite-offspring competition for female resources can explain male-biased parasitism in plants. Biol Lett 2019; 15:20180761. [PMID: 30836880 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2018.0761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Male-biased susceptibility to parasites is common in dioecious plants. However, why males have higher parasite loads than females is unclear. Unlike males, females must subsidize post-fertilization costs of reproduction (e.g. seed and fruit development). As a result, females may have smaller pools of resources potentially available to parasites, thus leading to lower parasite loads. We tested this prediction in New Zealand's largest native moth ( Aenetus virescens: Lepidoptera), whose larvae parasitize Aristotelia serrata (Elaeocarpaceae), an endemic species of dioecious tree. We measured parasite loads in male and female trees, as well as annual seed set in females. We then derived a technique to equate the energetic cost of seed set in females to an equivalent number of parasitic larvae. Our results showed evidence for male-biased parasitism: male trees harboured more larval parasites than female trees. However, when parasite loads in males were compared with parasite loads in females, plus the energetic cost of seed production calculated as an equivalent number of parasitic larvae, differences in parasitism between the sexes disappeared. We conclude that male-biased parasitism in plants could arise from parasite-offspring (i.e. herbivore-seed) competition for female resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty J Yule
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington , PO Box 600, Wellington 6012 , New Zealand
| | - Kevin C Burns
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington , PO Box 600, Wellington 6012 , New Zealand
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Song H, Cai Z, Liao J, Tang D, Zhang S. Sexually differential gene expressions in poplar roots in response to nitrogen deficiency. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:1614-1629. [PMID: 31115478 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is a key nutrient impacting plant growth and physiological processes. However, the supply of N is often not sufficient to meet the requirements of trees in many terrestrial ecosystems. Because of differences in production costs, male and female plants have evolved different stress resistance strategies for N limitation. However, little is known about differential gene expression according to sex in poplars responding to N limitation. To explore sex-related constitutive defenses, Populus cathayana Rehder transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolic analyses were performed on the roots of male and female Populus cathayana. We detected 16,816 proteins and 37,286 transcripts, with 2797 overlapping proteins and mRNAs in the roots. In combination with the identification of 90 metabolites, we found that N deficiency greatly altered gene expression related to N metabolism as well as carbohydrate metabolism, secondary metabolism and stress-related processes in both sexes. Nitrogen-deficient P. cathayana females exhibited greater root biomass and less inhibition of citric acid production and glycolysis as well as higher secondary metabolic activity and abscisic acid contents than N-deficient P. cathayana males. Interestingly, males presented a better osmotic adjustment ability and higher expression of resistance genes, suggesting that P. cathayana males exhibit a better stress tolerance ability and can invest fewer resources in defense compared with females. Therefore, our study provides new molecular evidence that P. cathayana males and females adopt different resistance strategies to cope with N deficiency in their roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Song
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zeyu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Liao
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Duoteng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Liao J, Song H, Tang D, Zhang S. Sexually differential tolerance to water deficiency of Salix paraplesia-A female-biased alpine willow. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:8450-8464. [PMID: 31410253 PMCID: PMC6686310 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Salicaceae plants are dioecious woody plants. Previous studies have shown that male individuals are more tolerant to water deficiency than females for male-biased poplars. However, Salix paraplesia is a female-biased species in nature. It is still unknown whether female willows are more tolerant to drought stress than males. To better understand the sexually different tolerance to water deficiency in willows, a greenhouse experiment combined with a field investigation was conducted, and physiological traits were tested in male and female S. paraplesia under a drought-stressed condition (50% of soil water capacity). Our field investigation showed that S. paraplesia was a species with female-biased sex ratio along altitude gradients (2,400 m, 2,600 m and 2,800 m) in their natural habitats. Our results showed that the height growth, biomass accumulation, total chlorophyll pigment content (TChl), and the net photosynthetic rate were higher in female willows than in males at the low and middle altitudes (2,400 m and 2,600 m) rather than at a high altitude (2,800 m) under well-watered conditions. Under drought-stressed conditions, the growth, biomass, and photosynthesis were greatly inhibited in both sexes, while females showed higher biomass and TChl content and suffered less negative effects than did males. Particularly, females that originated from a high altitude showed lower leaf relative electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde content, and less disorder of chloroplast ultrastructures but a higher peroxidase activity (POD) than that of males. Therefore, S. paraplesia females exhibited a better drought tolerance and self-protective ability than males from high altitude. There is a reason to speculate that the population structure of S. paraplesia at a high altitude would be likely to further female biases with the increased drought intensity in the alpine regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liao
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengduChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Haifeng Song
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengduChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Duoteng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Resource and Eco‐Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Resource and Eco‐Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Walas Ł, Mandryk W, Thomas PA, Tyrała-Wierucka Ż, Iszkuło G. Sexual systems in gymnosperms: A review. Basic Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Graff P, Aguiar MR, Almeida RJ. Females engage in stronger relationships: positive and negative effects of shrubs are more intense for Poa ligularis females than for males. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 122:435-443. [PMID: 29790914 PMCID: PMC6110346 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Dioecious plants are of particular concern in view of global environmental changes because reproductive females are more sensitive to abiotic stresses, thus compromising population viability. Positive interactions with other plants may counteract the direct effects of any abiotic environmental stress, allowing them to thrive and maintain a viable population in suboptimal habitats, although this process has not been tested for dioecious species. Furthermore, almost no data are available on the outcome of such species interactions and their link with local spatial patterns and sex ratios. Methods We set up a field experiment with Poa ligularis, a dioecious native grass from the arid grasslands of South America. We studied the interaction of male and female plants with cushion shrubs of contrasting ecological strategies. We experimentally limited direct shrub-grass competition for soil moisture and transplanted plants to evaluate the amelioration of abiotic stress by shrub canopies (i.e. sun and wind) on grasses. We also studied the distribution of naturally established female and male plants to infer process-pattern relationships. Key Results Positive canopy effects as well as negative below-ground effects were more intense for females than for males. Deep-rooted Mulinum spinosum shrubs strongly facilitated survival, growth and reproduction of P. ligularis females. Naturally established female plants tended to distribute more closely to Mulinum than co-occurring males. Female growth suffered intensive negative root competition from the shallow-rooted Senecio filaginoides shrub. Conclusions Interactions with other plants may reduce or enhance the effect of abiotic stresses on the seemingly maladapted sex to arid environments. We found that these biased interactions are evident in the current organization of sexes in the field, confirming our experimental findings. Therefore, indirect effects of climate change on population sex ratios may be expected if benefactor species abundances are differentially affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Graff
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de lnvestigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martin R Aguiar
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de lnvestigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rocio J Almeida
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de lnvestigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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47
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Robakowski P, Pers-Kamczyc E, Ratajczak E, Thomas PA, Ye ZP, Rabska M, Iszkuło G. Photochemistry and Antioxidative Capacity of Female and Male Taxus baccata L. Acclimated to Different Nutritional Environments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:742. [PMID: 29922316 PMCID: PMC5996056 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In dioecious woody plants, females often make a greater reproductive effort than male individuals at the cost of lower growth rate. We hypothesized that a greater reproductive effort of female compared with male Taxus baccata individuals would be associated with lower female photochemical capacity and higher activity of antioxidant enzymes. Differences between the genders would change seasonally and would be more remarkable under nutrient deficiency. Electron transport rate (ETRmax), saturation photosynthetic photon flux corresponding to maximum electron transport rate (PPFsat), quantum yield of PSII photochemistry at PPFsat (ΦPPFsat), and chlorophyll a fluorescence and activity of antioxidant enzymes were determined in needles of T. baccata female and male individuals growing in the experiment with or without fertilization. The effects of seasonal changes and fertilization treatment on photochemical parameters, photosynthetic pigments concentration, and antioxidant enzymes were more pronounced than the effects of between-sexes differences in reproductive efforts. Results showed that photosynthetic capacity expressed as ETRmax and ΦPPFsat and photosynthetic pigments concentrations decreased and non-photochemical quenching of fluorescence (NPQ) increased under nutrient deficiency. Fertilized individuals were less sensitive to photoinhibition than non-fertilized ones. T. baccata female and male individuals did not differ in photochemical capacity, but females showed higher maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) than males. The activity of guaiacol peroxidase (POX) was also higher in female than in male needles. We concluded that larger T. baccata female reproductive effort compared with males was not at the cost of photochemical capacity, but to some extent it could be due to between-sexes differences in ability to protect the photosynthetic apparatus against photoinhibition with antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Robakowski
- Department of Forestry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | | | | | - Peter A. Thomas
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom
| | - Zi-Piao Ye
- College of Maths & Physics, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Mariola Rabska
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Iszkuło
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
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48
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Song H, Lei Y, Zhang S. Differences in resistance to nitrogen and phosphorus deficiencies explain male-biased populations of poplar in nutrient-deficient habitats. J Proteomics 2018; 178:123-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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49
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Land-use change impact on mycorrhizal symbiosis in female and male plants of wild Carica papaya (Caricaceae). Symbiosis 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-018-0549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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50
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Lei Y, Jiang Y, Chen K, Duan B, Zhang S, Korpelainen H, Niinemets Ü, Li C. Reproductive investments driven by sex and altitude in sympatric Populus and Salix trees. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 37:1503-1514. [PMID: 28985430 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The sex ratios of co-existing Populus and Salix vary depending on altitude and species: 1:1 equlibrium sex ratios are observed at mid-altitude but skewed ones at high altitudes, where Populus shows male-biased and Salix female-biased sex ratios. However, the underlying ecological mechanisms are poorly known. Reproductive investments of Populus purdomii Rehd. and Salix magnifica Hemsl. were assessed at altitudes of 2000 and 2600 m in the Gongga Mountain by different metrics, including biomass, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations and construction cost, and by estimating the payback time that combines energy gain and associated costs. Reproductive investment measured as C, N and P concentrations, and construction cost was higher in P. purdomii females at 2600 m. However, in S. magnifica, no difference was observed for biomass, C and N at 2600 m, but the investments for P and construction cost were even greater in males. The payback time showed no significant differences for the sexes at 2000 m, but it was shorter for P. purdomii males and S. magnifica females at 2600 m. We concluded that nutrient- and construction cost-based estimates of reproductive allocation can provide more informative insight into the cost of reproduction than does biomass, and together with the payback time they can supply an explanation for divergent sex ratios in Populus and Salix. Consequently, our results improve our understanding of the causes and consequences of sexual dimorphism in dioecious species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yonglei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ke Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Baoli Duan
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Helena Korpelainen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Chunyang Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
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