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Lee CY, So YS, Yoo SH, Lee BH, Seo DH. Impact of artificial sweeteners and rare sugars on the gut microbiome. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:2047-2064. [PMID: 39130663 PMCID: PMC11315849 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-024-01597-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Alternative sugars are often used as sugar substitutes because of their low calories and glycemic index. Recently, consumption of these sweeteners in diet foods and beverages has increased dramatically, raising concerns about their health effects. This review examines the types and characteristics of artificial sweeteners and rare sugars and analyzes their impact on the gut microbiome. In the section on artificial sweeteners, we have described the chemical structures of different sweeteners, their digestion and absorption processes, and their effects on the gut microbiota. We have also discussed the biochemical properties and production methods of rare sugars and their positive and negative effects on gut microbial communities. Finally, we have described how artificial sweeteners and rare sugars alter the gut microbiome and how these changes affect the gut environment. Our observations aim to improve our understanding regarding the potential health implications of the consumption of artificial sweeteners and low-calorie sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Young Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sang So
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Yoo
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006 Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoo Lee
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Seo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006 Republic of Korea
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Antasouras G, Dakanalis A, Chrysafi M, Papadopoulou SK, Trifonidi I, Spanoudaki M, Alexatou O, Pritsa A, Louka A, Giaginis C. Could Insulin Be a Better Regulator of Appetite/Satiety Balance and Body Weight Maintenance in Response to Glucose Exposure Compared to Sucrose Substitutes? Unraveling Current Knowledge and Searching for More Appropriate Choices. Med Sci (Basel) 2024; 12:29. [PMID: 38921683 PMCID: PMC11205552 DOI: 10.3390/medsci12020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin exerts a crucial impact on glucose control, cellular growing, function, and metabolism. It is partially modulated by nutrients, especially as a response to the intake of foods, including carbohydrates. Moreover, insulin can exert an anorexigenic effect when inserted into the hypothalamus of the brain, in which a complex network of an appetite/hunger control system occurs. The current literature review aims at thoroughly summarizing and scrutinizing whether insulin release in response to glucose exposure may be a better choice to control body weight gain and related diseases compared to the use of sucrose substitutes (SSs) in combination with a long-term, well-balanced diet. METHODS This is a comprehensive literature review, which was performed through searching in-depth for the most accurate scientific databases and applying effective and relevant keywords. RESULTS The insulin action can be inserted into the hypothalamic orexigenic/anorexigenic complex system, activating several anorexigenic peptides, increasing the hedonic aspect of food intake, and effectively controlling the human body weight. In contrast, SSs appear not to affect the orexigenic/anorexigenic complex system, resulting in more cases of uncontrolled body weight maintenance while also increasing the risk of developing related diseases. CONCLUSIONS Most evidence, mainly derived from in vitro and in vivo animal studies, has reinforced the insulin anorexigenic action in the hypothalamus of the brain. Simultaneously, most available clinical studies showed that SSs during a well-balanced diet either maintain or even increase body weight, which may indirectly be ascribed to the fact that they cannot cover the hedonic aspect of food intake. However, there is a strong demand for long-term longitudinal surveys to effectively specify the impact of SSs on human metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Antasouras
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (G.A.); (M.C.); (O.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Antonios Dakanalis
- Department of Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Via Cadore 38, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Chrysafi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (G.A.); (M.C.); (O.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Sousana K. Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.K.P.); (M.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Ioulia Trifonidi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, KAT General Hospital, 14561 Athens, Greece;
| | - Maria Spanoudaki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.K.P.); (M.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Olga Alexatou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (G.A.); (M.C.); (O.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Agathi Pritsa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.K.P.); (M.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Aikaterini Louka
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (G.A.); (M.C.); (O.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (G.A.); (M.C.); (O.A.); (A.L.)
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3
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Kushigian DJ, Vaou OE. Aspartame use and Parkinson's disease: review of associated effects on neurotransmitters, oxidative stress, and cognition. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:506-519. [PMID: 37395401 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2228561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this review was to assess the current evidence regarding the associated physiological and cognitive effects of aspartame (APM) consumption and Parkinson's Disease (PD). METHODS A total of 32 studies demonstrating effects of APM on monoamine deficiencies, oxidative stress, and cognitive changes were reviewed. RESULTS Multiple studies demonstrated decreased brain dopamine, decreased brain norepinephrine, increased oxidative stress, increased lipid peroxidation, and decreased memory function in rodents after APM use. In addition, PD animal models have been found to be more sensitive to the effects of APM. DISCUSSION Overall, studies of APM use over time yielded more consistent results; however, no study has examined long-term effects on APM in human PD patients. Based on the current evidence, long-term human based observational research is needed to further investigate the potential effect of APM on PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Okeanis E Vaou
- Steward Medical Group Neurology, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton, USA
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Lin CY, Nguyen NN, Tsai WL, Hsieh RH, Wu HT, Chen YC. Aspartame Intake Delayed Puberty Onset in Female Offspring Rats and Girls. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300270. [PMID: 38389198 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE The disturbance of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, gut microbiota (GM) community, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) is a triggering factor for pubertal onset. The study investigates the effects of the long-term intake of aspartame on puberty and GM in animals and humans. METHODS AND RESULTS Aspartame-fed female offspring rats result in vaginal opening time prolongation, serum estrogen reduction, and serum luteinizing hormone elevation. , 60 mg kg-1 aspartame treatment decreases the mRNA levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), Kiss1, and G protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54), increases the mRNA level of RFamide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3), and decreases the expression of GnRH neurons in the hypothalamus. Significant differences in relative bacterial abundance at the genus levels and decreased fecal SCFA levels are noted by 60 mg kg-1 aspartame treatment. Among which, Escherichia-Shigella is negatively correlated with several SCFAs. In girls, high-dose aspartame consumption decreases the risk of precocious puberty. CONCLUSIONS Aspartame reduces the chance of puberty occurring earlier than usual in female offspring and girls. Particularly, 60 mg kg-1 aspartame-fed female offspring delays pubertal onset through the dysregulation of HPG axis and GM composition by inhibiting the Kiss1/GPR54 system and inducing the RFRP-3. An acceptable dose of aspartame should be recommended during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yuan Lin
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202301, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Nam Nhat Nguyen
- College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ling Tsai
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Department of Health Promotion and Gerontological Care, College of LOHAS, Taipei University of Marine Technology, New Taipei City, 25172, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Hong Hsieh
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Tsung Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung, University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Ching Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 116, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
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Fowler SP, Gimeno Ruiz de Porras D, Swartz MD, Granados PS, Heilbrun LP, Palmer RF. Reply to Ayoub-Charette et al. Lack of Biological Plausibility and Major Methodological Issues Cast Doubt on the Association between Aspartame and Autism. Comment on "Fowler et al. Daily Early-Life Exposures to Diet Soda and Aspartame Are Associated with Autism in Males: A Case-Control Study. Nutrients 2023, 15, 3772". Nutrients 2024; 16:676. [PMID: 38474804 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Thank you for the opportunity to respond to the concerns raised by Ayoub-Charette et al [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Parten Fowler
- Department of Medicine, Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - David Gimeno Ruiz de Porras
- Center for Research in Occupational Health (CiSAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health Network (CIBER) of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, UT School of Public Health San Antonio, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Michael D Swartz
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paula Stigler Granados
- Division of Environmental Health, San Diego State University School of Public Health, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Lynne Parsons Heilbrun
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health in San Antonio, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Raymond F Palmer
- Department of Family Practice and Community Medicine, Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Hu H, Zhang P, Yin J, Wang L, Lu Y, Guo H. The effect of aspartame on accelerating caspase-dependent apoptosis of pancreatic islet via ZIPK/STAT3/caspase 3 signaling pathway. J Physiol Biochem 2024; 80:53-65. [PMID: 37906422 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-023-00980-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Aspartame (ASP) as an important sugar substitute is widely used in pharmaceutical and food processing. Here, we compared the effects of ASP and sucrose on mice pancreatic islet cells in vivo and observed that ASP with the condition of high concentration and long-term exposure (HASP) could cause insulin secretion (500 mg/kg for 1 month). Next, we conducted iTRAQ mass spectrometry to profile the global phosphoproteome and found that phosphorylation of zipper-interacting protein kinase (ZIPK) in murine pancreatic islet tissues were induced at Thr197, Thr242, Thr282, and Ser328 by high-sucrose (HS) treatment, but only induced at Thr197 and Ser328 by HASP treatment. Simultaneously, phosphorylation of STAT3 could be induced at Tyr705 and Ser727 by HS but not by HASP. Furthermore, presence of activated STAT3 accompanied with autophagy was observed in HS treatment. In turn, the inactivation of STAT3 as well as enhanced expression of caspase 3 was observed in HASP treatment. We generated Thr242APro and Thr282Pro on ZIPK using CRISPR-Cas9 in β-TC3 cells and found the weakened interaction with STAT3 as well as the reduced phosphorylation of STAT3 even under HS stimulation. Finally, we observed that ankyrin repeat domain containing 11 (ANKRD11) could interact with ZIPK and play an inhibitory role in the phosphorylation of Thr242APro and Thr282Pro of ZIPK. However, HASP can induce the retention of ANKRD11 in the cytoplasm by phenylpyruvic acid (the metabolite of ASP). Taken together, this study determined that ASP with high concentration and long-term exposure could lead to caspase-dependent apoptosis of pancreatic islet cells through ANKRD11/ZIPK/STAT3 inhibition. Our results give evidence of adverse effects of aspartame on islet cells in some extreme conditions, which might help people to reconsider the biosafety of non-nutritive sweeteners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Hu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 88, Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Zhejiang, 310009, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Pianhong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 88, Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Zhejiang, 310009, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junhua Yin
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leilei Wang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 88, Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Zhejiang, 310009, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyu Lu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 88, Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Zhejiang, 310009, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huilan Guo
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 88, Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Zhejiang, 310009, Hangzhou, China
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Tangtawewipat T, Thanachasai S. Amperometric bienzymatic biosensor in flow injection analysis system for determination of aspartame in foods. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:343-354. [PMID: 38222917 PMCID: PMC10786783 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01347-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
An amperometric bienzymatic biosensor was developed for the determination of aspartame in a flow injection analysis (FIA) system, consisting of two enzyme reactor columns packed with immobilized α-chymotrypsin (CHY) and alcohol oxidase (AOX) beads and a hydrogen peroxide electrode, connected in series. The CHY and AOX were separately immobilized on glutaraldehyde (GA)-activated beads through covalent bonding. The biosensor fabrication and operational conditions were optimized. The optimal fabrication conditions were: 2% GA with 120 min activation time; and 250 U/mL CHY and 100 U/mL AOX, with 180 min enzyme immobilization time. The optimal operational conditions were a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min and pH 8.0 at room temperature. The developed biosensor showed linearity over the aspartame concentration range 0.01-1.2 mM, with a detection limit of 0.005 mM. The developed biosensor was satisfactorily applied for detecting aspartame in beverage samples without any excessive pretreatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanaporn Tangtawewipat
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
| | - Saipin Thanachasai
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
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Ke Z, Song J, Ma J, Wang M, Mao H, Xia C, Qi L, Zhou Y, Wang J. Isolation and characterization of the aspartame-degrading strain Pseudarthrobacter sp. AS-1. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 340:122883. [PMID: 37944888 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Aspartame is one of the main varieties of artificial sweeteners. Although it has been approved as a food additive, the environmental hazards and ecological risks posed by aspartame are attracting more and more attention. In the present study, strain Pseudarthrobacter sp. AS-1 was isolated and characterized as an efficient aspartame degrader. Strain AS-1 was capable of degrading 200 mg L-1 aspartame within 10 h under conditions optimized at 30 °C and pH 8.0. At the same time, it was found that enzymes degrading aspartame in strain AS-1 were induced and secreted extracellularly. Degradation of aspartame in Pseudarthrobacter sp. AS-1 was identified as following: it was first demethylated to aspartyl-phenylalanine, then degraded to phenylalanine and aspartate, and finally the two amino acids were further degraded. In addition, strain AS-1 was able to remove more than 85% of aspartame in soil and river water. It is the first time that pure bacterial cultures were reported to have the capability of aspartame degradation. These findings add to our knowledge of the microbial metabolic mechanisms of aspartame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Ke
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, PR China
| | - Junyun Song
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, PR China; Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, PR China
| | - Jingrui Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, PR China
| | - Mengting Wang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, PR China
| | - Haiguang Mao
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, PR China
| | - Chunli Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, PR China
| | - Lili Qi
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, PR China
| | - Yidong Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, PR China
| | - Jinbo Wang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, PR China.
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Mishima M, Sugiyama KI. Considerations for the genotoxicity assessment of middle size peptide drugs containing non-canonical amino acid residues. Genes Environ 2023; 45:36. [PMID: 38093344 PMCID: PMC10720048 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-023-00294-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Middle size peptides (MSPs) have emerged as a promising new pharmaceutical modality. We are seeking the best way to assess the non-clinical safety of MSPs. CONSIDERATION The requirements for assessing the genotoxicity of pharmaceuticals differ between small molecule drugs and biotherapeutics. Genotoxicity tests are necessary for small molecule drugs but not for biotherapeutics. MSPs, however, share similarities with both small molecule drugs and biotherapeutics. Here, we describe important points to consider in assessing the genotoxicity of MSP drugs. The current standard of genotoxicity assessment for small molecules may not be entirely appropriate for MSP drugs. MSP drugs need genotoxicity assessment mostly according to the current standard of small molecule drugs. CONCLUSION We propose a few modifications to the standard test battery of genotoxicity tests, specifically, the inclusion of an in vitro gene mutation test using mammalian cells, and exclusion of (Q)SAR assessment on MSP-related impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Mishima
- Translational Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-8602, Japan.
| | - Kei-Ichi Sugiyama
- Division of Genetics and Mutagenesis, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
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Liu M, Zhang Y, Ye Z, Yang S, Zhang Y, He P, Zhou C, Hou FF, Qin X. Association of unsweetened and sweetened tea consumption with the risk of new-onset chronic kidney disease: Findings from UK Biobank and Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. J Glob Health 2023; 13:04094. [PMID: 37856735 PMCID: PMC10586794 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.13.04094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The association between tea consumption and chronic kidney disease (CKD) remained inconsistent. We aimed to evaluate the association of tea consumption with new-onset CKD and examine the effects of common additives (milk and sweeteners) and genetic variations in caffeine metabolism on the association. Methods 176 038 and 3104 participants free of CKD at baseline in the United Kingdom Biobank (UK Biobank) and Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study were included, respectively. Dietary information was collected using 24-hour dietary recall questionnaires. The study outcome was new-onset CKD. Results In the UK Biobank, during a median follow-up of 12.13 years, 3535 (2.01%) participants developed CKD. Compared with tea non-consumers, the risk of new-onset CKD was significantly lower in unsweetened tea consumers (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.76-0.93), but not in sweetened tea consumers (HR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.85-1.08), regardless of whether milk was added to tea. Accordingly, relative to tea non-consumers, the adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of new-onset CKD for participants who reported drinking unsweetened tea 1.5 or fewer, >1.5 to 2.5, >2.5 to 3.5, >3.5 to 4.5, and >4.5 drinks/d were HR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.75-0.99; HR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.78-1.00; HR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.73-0.94; HR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.72-0.95; and HR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.75-0.99. Moreover, the association of unsweetened tea consumption with new-onset CKD was stronger among those with faster genetically predicted caffeine metabolism levels, although the interaction was insignificant (P-value interaction = 0.768). Consistently, in the CARDIA study, compared with tea non-consumers, a significantly lower risk of new-onset CKD was found in unsweetened tea consumers (HR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.65-0.98) but not in sweetened tea consumers (HR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.70-1.34). Conclusions Compared with tea non-consumers, consumption of unsweetened tea, but not sweetened tea, was significantly associated with a lower risk of new-onset CKD, regardless of whether milk was added.
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Rosa ÉVF, Da Silveira AR, Sari MHM, Sampaio TB, Dos Santos JT, Müller SG, Fighera MR, Royes LFF, Nogueira CW, Oliveira MS, Furian AF. Beta-caryophyllene mitigates the cognitive impairment caused by repeated exposure to aspartame in rats: Putative role of BDNF-TrKB signaling pathway and acetylcholinesterase activity. Behav Brain Res 2023; 453:114615. [PMID: 37558167 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Aspartame (ASP) is a common sweetener, but studies show it can harm the nervous system, causing learning and memory deficits. β-caryophyllene (BCP), a natural compound found in foods, including bread, coffee, alcoholic beverages, and spices, has already described as a neuroprotector agent. Remarkably, ASP and BCP are commonly consumed, including in the same meal. Therefore, considering that (a) the BCP displays plenty of beneficial effects; (b) the ASP toxicity; and (c) that they can be consumed in the same meal, this study sought to investigate if the BCP would mitigate the memory impairment induced by ASP in rats and investigate the involvement of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/ tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrKB) signaling pathway and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Young male Wistar rats received ASP (75 mg/kg; i.g.) and/or BCP (100 mg/kg; i.p.) once daily, for 14 days. At the end of the treatment, the animals were evaluated in the open field and object recognition tests. The cerebral cortex and hippocampus samples were collected for biochemical and molecular analyses. Results showed that the BCP effectively protected against the cognitive damage caused by ASP in short and long-term memories. In addition, BCP mitigated the increase in AChE activity caused by ASP. Molecular insights revealed augmented BDNF and TrKB levels in the hippocampus of rats treated with BCP, indicating greater activation of this pathway. In conclusion, BCP protected against ASP-induced memory impairment. AChE activity and the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway seem to be potential targets of BCP modulatory role in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice Rosa Da Silveira
- Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Tuane Bazanella Sampaio
- Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Sabrina Grendene Müller
- Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Michele Rechia Fighera
- Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Freire Royes
- Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristina Wayne Nogueira
- Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Flávia Furian
- Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Juszczyk P, Rywińska A, Kosicka J, Tomaszewska-Hetman L, Rymowicz W. Sugar Alcohol Sweetener Production by Yarrowia lipolytica Grown in Media Containing Glycerol. Molecules 2023; 28:6594. [PMID: 37764370 PMCID: PMC10534813 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of the world's annual production of mannitol is by chemical means, but, due to increasing demand for natural sweeteners, alternative production methods are being sought. The aim of the study was to screen Yarrowia lipolytica yeast strains and select culture conditions for the efficient and selective biosynthesis of mannitol from glycerol. From 21 strains examined in the shake-flask culture for mannitol biosynthesis from glycerol (100 g/L), three strains were selected-S2, S3, and S4-and further evaluated in batch bioreactor cultures with technical and raw glycerol (150 g/L). The best production parameters were observed for strain S3, which additionally was found to be the most resistant to NaCl concentration. Next, strain S3 was examined in batch culture with regard to the initial glycerol concentration (from 50 to 250 g/L). It was found that the substrate concentrations of 50 and 75 g/L resulted in the highest mannitol selectivity, about 70%. The fed-batch culture system proposed in this paper (performed in two variants in which glycerol was dosed in four portions of about 50 or 75 g/L) resulted in increased mannitol production, up to 78.5 g/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Juszczyk
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego St. 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (A.R.); (J.K.); (L.T.-H.); (W.R.)
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13
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Fowler SP, Gimeno Ruiz de Porras D, Swartz MD, Stigler Granados P, Heilbrun LP, Palmer RF. Daily Early-Life Exposures to Diet Soda and Aspartame Are Associated with Autism in Males: A Case-Control Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:3772. [PMID: 37686804 PMCID: PMC10490529 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its introduction, aspartame-the leading sweetener in U.S. diet sodas (DS)-has been reported to cause neurological problems in some users. In prospective studies, the offspring of mothers who consumed diet sodas/beverages (DSB) daily during pregnancy experienced increased health problems. We hypothesized that gestational/early-life exposure to ≥1 DS/day (DSearly) or equivalent aspartame (ASPearly: ≥177 mg/day) increases autism risk. The case-control Autism Tooth Fairy Study obtained retrospective dietary recalls for DSB and aspartame consumption during pregnancy/breastfeeding from the mothers of 235 offspring with autism spectrum disorder (ASD: cases) and 121 neurotypically developing offspring (controls). The exposure odds ratios (ORs) for DSearly and ASPearly were computed for autism, ASD, and the non-regressive conditions of each. Among males, the DSearly odds were tripled for autism (OR = 3.1; 95% CI: 1.02, 9.7) and non-regressive autism (OR = 3.5; 95% CI: 1.1, 11.1); the ASPearly odds were even higher: OR = 3.4 (95% CI: 1.1, 10.4) and 3.7 (95% CI: 1.2, 11.8), respectively (p < 0.05 for each). The ORs for non-regressive ASD in males were almost tripled but were not statistically significant: DSearly OR = 2.7 (95% CI: 0.9, 8.4); ASPearly OR = 2.9 (95% CI: 0.9, 8.8). No statistically significant associations were found in females. Our findings contribute to the growing literature raising concerns about potential offspring harm from maternal DSB/aspartame intake in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Parten Fowler
- Department of Medicine, Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - David Gimeno Ruiz de Porras
- Southwest Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health in San Antonio, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7411 John Smith Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
- Center for Research in Occupational Health, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael D. Swartz
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Paula Stigler Granados
- Divisions of Environmental Health and Global Health, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA;
| | - Lynne Parsons Heilbrun
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health in San Antonio, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7411 John Smith Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Raymond F. Palmer
- Department of Family Practice and Community Medicine, Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
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Shaher SAA, Mihailescu DF, Amuzescu B. Aspartame Safety as a Food Sweetener and Related Health Hazards. Nutrients 2023; 15:3627. [PMID: 37630817 PMCID: PMC10459792 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspartame is the methyl-ester of the aspartate-phenylalanine dipeptide. Over time, it has become a very popular artificial sweetener. However, since its approval by the main food safety agencies, several concerns have been raised related to neuropsychiatric effects and neurotoxicity due to its ability to activate glutamate receptors, as well as carcinogenic risks due to the increased production of reactive oxygen species. Within this review, we critically evaluate reports concerning the safety of aspartame. Some studies evidenced subtle mood and behavioral changes upon daily high-dose intake below the admitted limit. Epidemiology studies also evidenced associations between daily aspartame intake and a higher predisposition for malignant diseases, like non-Hodgkin lymphomas and multiple myelomas, particularly in males, but an association by chance still could not be excluded. While the debate over the carcinogenic risk of aspartame is ongoing, it is clear that its use may pose some dangers in peculiar cases, such as patients with seizures or other neurological diseases; it should be totally forbidden for patients with phenylketonuria, and reduced doses or complete avoidance are advisable during pregnancy. It would be also highly desirable for every product containing aspartame to clearly indicate on the label the exact amount of the substance and some risk warnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurooq Asaad Abdulameer Shaher
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 005095 Bucharest, Romania; (S.A.A.S.); (D.F.M.)
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Babylon Technical Institute, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Najaf 54001, Iraq
| | - Dan Florin Mihailescu
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 005095 Bucharest, Romania; (S.A.A.S.); (D.F.M.)
| | - Bogdan Amuzescu
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 005095 Bucharest, Romania; (S.A.A.S.); (D.F.M.)
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15
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He X, Zhong Q, Yan K, Li G, Yang J. Oral exposure to an acceptable daily intake dose of aspartame induced a delayed proinflammatory cytokine response in the cerebrospinal fluid of rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 178:113931. [PMID: 37437708 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of exposure to aspartame (ASP) at safe levels on proinflammatory cytokines in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of rats. Sprague Dawley rats were sacrificed after 1, 2, 4 or 8 week(s) of continuous exposure to ASP (40 mg/kg body weight). Serum, CSF and brain tissue samples were prepared, and the levels of the IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were analyzed by ELISA. In serum, the levels of all three cytokines showed a two-phase alteration, a decrease followed by an increase in the ASP group. In the brain, their levels increased from the second or fourth week compared with the control group. In CSF, the levels of these cytokines showed a similar change to that in brain tissue, but the increase appeared at a later time point. For each cytokine, there was a significant positive correlation between its levels in serum, brain tissue and CSF. This is the first discovery that ASP exposure increased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in CSF in rats, which emerged later than in blood and brain tissue. This study suggests the necessity of conducting related clinical studies to evaluate potential neuroinflammatory effects induced by chronic ASP exposure through CSF analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi He
- Department of Anatomy, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qianyi Zhong
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kai Yan
- Department of Anatomy, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guoying Li
- Guangdong Medical Association, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China.
| | - Junhua Yang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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16
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Imanzadeh H, Sefid-Sefidehkhan Y, Afshary H, Afruz A, Amiri M. Nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors for detection of amino acids. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 230:115390. [PMID: 37079932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and muscle tissue. They also play a significant role in physiological processes related to energy, recovery, mood, muscle and brain function, fat burning and stimulating growth hormone or insulin secretion. Accurate determination of amino acids in biological fluids is necessary because any changes in their normal ranges in the body warn diseases like kidney disease, liver disease, type 2 diabetes and cancer. To date, many methods such as liquid chromatography, fluorescence mass spectrometry, etc. have been used for the determination of amino acids. Compared with the above techniques, electrochemical systems using modified electrodes offer a rapid, accurate, cheap, real-time analytical path through simple operations with high selectivity and sensitivity. Nanomaterials have found many interests to create smart electrochemical sensors in different application fields e.g. biomedical, environmental, and food analysis because of their exceptional properties. This review summarizes recent advances in the development of nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors in 2017-2022 for the detection of amino acids in various matrices such as serum, urine, blood and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Imanzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Hosein Afshary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ali Afruz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mandana Amiri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
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Griebsch LV, Theiss EL, Janitschke D, Erhardt VKJ, Erhardt T, Haas EC, Kuppler KN, Radermacher J, Walzer O, Lauer AA, Matschke V, Hartmann T, Grimm MOW, Grimm HS. Aspartame and Its Metabolites Cause Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial and Lipid Alterations in SH-SY5Y Cells. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061467. [PMID: 36986196 PMCID: PMC10053704 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to a worldwide increase in obesity and metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, synthetic sweeteners such as aspartame are frequently used to substitute sugar in the diet. Possible uncertainties regarding aspartame's ability to induce oxidative stress, amongst others, has led to the recommendation of a daily maximum dose of 40 to 50 mg per kg. To date, little is known about the effects of this non-nutritive sweetener on cellular lipid homeostasis, which, besides elevated oxidative stress, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, treatment of the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y with aspartame (271.7 µM) or its three metabolites (aspartic acid, phenylalanine, and methanol (271.7 µM)), generated after digestion of aspartame in the human intestinal tract, resulted in significantly elevated oxidative stress associated with mitochondrial damage, which was illustrated with reduced cardiolipin levels, increased gene expression of SOD1/2, PINK1, and FIS1, and an increase in APF fluorescence. In addition, treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with aspartame or aspartame metabolites led to a significant increase in triacylglycerides and phospholipids, especially phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines, accompanied by an accumulation of lipid droplets inside neuronal cells. Due to these lipid-mediating properties, the use of aspartame as a sugar substitute should be reconsidered and the effects of aspartame on the brain metabolism should be addressed in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tobias Erhardt
- Physical Therapy, Campus Karlsruhe, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 76185 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Oliver Walzer
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Anna Andrea Lauer
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Veronika Matschke
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Tobias Hartmann
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
- Deutsches Institut für DemenzPrävention, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Otto Walter Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
- Deutsches Institut für DemenzPrävention, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Heike Sabine Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
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Skurk T, Krämer T, Marcinek P, Malki A, Lang R, Dunkel A, Krautwurst T, Hofmann TF, Krautwurst D. Sweetener System Intervention Shifted Neutrophils from Homeostasis to Priming. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051260. [PMID: 36904259 PMCID: PMC10005247 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are part of personalized nutrition strategies supporting healthy glycemic control. In contrast, the consumption of non-nutritive sweeteners has been related to person-specific and microbiome-dependent glycemic impairments. Reports on the effects of NNS on our highly individual cellular immune system are sparse. The recent identification of taste receptor expression in a variety of immune cells, however, suggested their immune-modulatory relevance. METHODS We studied the influence of a beverage-typical NNS system on the transcriptional profiling of sweetener-cognate taste receptors, selected cytokines and their receptors, and on Ca2+ signaling in isolated blood neutrophils. We determined plasma concentrations of saccharin, acesulfame-K, and cyclamate by HPLC-MS/MS, upon ingestion of a soft drink-typical sweetener surrogate. In an open-labeled, randomized intervention study, we determined pre- versus post-intervention transcript levels by RT-qPCR of sweetener-cognate taste receptors and immune factors. RESULTS Here we show that the consumption of a food-typical sweetener system modulated the gene expression of cognate taste receptors and induced the transcriptional regulation signatures of early homeostasis- and late receptor/signaling- and inflammation-related genes in blood neutrophils, shifting their transcriptional profile from homeostasis to priming. Notably, sweeteners at postprandial plasma concentrations facilitated fMLF (N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe)-induced Ca2+ signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the notion of sweeteners priming neutrophils to higher alertness towards their adequate stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Skurk
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Core Facility Human Studies, TUM School for Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Tamara Krämer
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Patrick Marcinek
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Agne Malki
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Roman Lang
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Andreas Dunkel
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Tiffany Krautwurst
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas F. Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Dietmar Krautwurst
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Huang SY, Sun R, Chen YC, Kang L, Wang CT, Chiu CF, Wu HT. Aspartame consumption during pregnancy impairs placenta growth in mice through sweet taste receptor-reactive oxygen species-dependent pathway. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 113:109228. [PMID: 36435291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has risen dramatically over recent years, and so has the prevalence of adverse obesity-associated pregnancy outcomes. To combat obesity, the calorie contents of many foods and beverages may be reduced by the use of artificial sweeteners, such as aspartame. However, animal studies suggest that aspartame and its metabolites may exhibit toxicity, and the effects of aspartame on pregnancy are largely unknown. In this study, we treated pregnant mice with aspartame by oral gavage and found that the treatment decreased fasting blood glucose level, whereas systolic blood pressure was elevated. Importantly, the aspartame-treated animals also had low placenta and fetus weights, as well as reduced thickness of the placenta decidua layer. Moreover, aspartame decreased the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition proteins and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in mouse placentae. In order to clarify the mechanisms though which aspartame affects placenta, we performed experiments on 3A-sub-E trophoblasts. In the cells, aspartame treatments induced cell cycle arrest and reduced the proliferation rate, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration activity and invasion activity. We also found that aspartame increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels to hyper-activate Akt and downregulate MnSOD expression. Pretreatment with antioxidants or sweet taste receptor inhibitors reversed the effects of aspartame on trophoblast function. We also found that the aspartame metabolite phenylalanine similarly induced ROS production and affected proliferation of trophoblasts. Taken together, our data suggest that aspartame consumption during pregnancy may impact the structure, growth and function of the placenta via sweet taste receptor-mediated stimulation of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yi Huang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rong Sun
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Ching Chen
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, School of medicine, College of medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lin Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Teng Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Tsung Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Souto NS, Dassi M, Braga ACM, Rosa ÉVF, Fighera MR, Royes LFF, Oliveira MS, Sari MHM, Furian AF. Repeated co-exposure to aflatoxin B 1 and aspartame disrupts the central nervous system homeostasis: Behavioral, biochemical, and molecular insights. J Food Sci 2023; 88:1731-1742. [PMID: 36789859 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Several studies demonstrated the toxicity of aspartame (ASP) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 ) in preclinical models. Although the majority of these reports assessed the toxic effects of each substance separately, their concomitant exposure and hazardous consequences are scarce. Importantly, the deleterious effects at the central nervous system caused by ASP and AFB1 co-exposure are rarely addressed. We evaluated if concomitant exposure to AFB1 and ASP would cause behavioral impairment and alteration in oxidative status of the brain in male rats. Animals received once a day for 14 days AFB1 (250 µg/kg, intragastric gavage [i.g.]), ASP (75 mg/kg, i.g.), or both substances (association). On day 14, they were subjected to behavioral evaluation, and biochemical and molecular parameters of oxidative status were measured in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. In the open field test, AFB1 and combination treatments modified the motor, exploratory, and grooming behavior. In the splash test, all treatments caused a reduction in grooming time compared to the control group. An increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances content induced by AFB1 and combination treatments was observed. The antioxidant defenses (vitamin C, nonprotein sulfhydryl, and ferric reducing antioxidant power) were impaired in all groups compared to control. Regarding molecular evaluation, mitochondrial superoxide dismutase-2 immunoreactivity decreased after AFB1 or ASP exposition in the hippocampus. Thus, co-exposure to ASP and AFB1 was potentially more toxic because it aggravated behavioral impairments and oxidative status disbalance in comparison to the groups that received only ASP or AFB1 . Therefore, our data suggest that those substances caused a disruption in brain homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naieli Schiefelbein Souto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Micheli Dassi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | | | - Michele Rechia Fighera
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Mauro Schneider Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Flávia Furian
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Liu C, Zheng S, Gao H, Yuan X, Zhang Z, Xie J, Yu C, Xu L. Causal relationship of sugar-sweetened and sweet beverages with colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomization study. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:379-383. [PMID: 36040623 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02993-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Prospective cohort studies have suggested that sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) intake is significantly associated with the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, it remains unclear whether this observed association was susceptible to potential confounding factors due to the long-term development process of CRC, and the risk of CRC associated with sweet beverages has rarely been reported. We aimed to investigate the association between SSBs/sweet beverages and CRC risk. METHODS We performed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using independent genetic variants for SSBs and sweet beverages from a published genome-wide association study (GWAS). Summary statistics for instrument-outcome associations from two databases for malignant neoplasms of the colon and the rectum (FinnGen and UK Biobank). The inverse weighted method (IVW) meta-analysis was the main method used to estimate the relationship, and sensitivity analyses were performed with Cochran's Q test, leave-one-out analysis, MR-Egger regression, Steiger filtering, and the MR PRESSO test. RESULTS Genetically predicted SSBs intake was associated with a higher colonic malignant neoplasms risk (odds ratio (OR): 1.013; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.001, 1.026; P = 0.036) in a combined sample size of 579,986 individuals (4029 cases). Such a significant causal effect of SSBs on rectal malignant neoplasms or sweet beverages on CRC was not observed. CONCLUSION Our findings corroborated a causal association between SSBs and colonic malignant neoplasms risk but did not support such a relationship in the analysis of the rectal malignant neoplasms nor the sweet beverage intake, which might be interpreted with caution and further confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cenqin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Shuhao Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiarong Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Chaohui Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China.
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Ringel NE, Hovey KM, Andrews CA, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Shadyab AH, Snetselaar LG, Howard BV, Iglesia CB. Association of Artificially Sweetened Beverage Consumption and Urinary Tract Cancers in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. EUR UROL SUPPL 2022; 47:80-86. [PMID: 36601047 PMCID: PMC9806707 DOI: 10.1016/j.euros.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insufficient data exist to conclude whether consumption of artificially sweetened beverages is associated with a higher risk of urinary tract cancers. Objective We sought to investigate whether urinary tract cancer incidence differed among women who consumed various amounts of artificially sweetened beverages. Design setting and participants This was a secondary analysis of data from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study, a multicenter longitudinal prospective study of the health of 93 676 postmenopausal women with a mean follow-up time of 13.5 yr. Women were identified at 40 clinical centers across the USA and enrolled from 1993 to 1998. Women between the ages of 50 and 79 yr were enrolled. We included women who answered questions about artificially sweetened beverage consumption and reported no prior urinary tract cancer diagnoses. The frequency of artificially sweetened beverage consumption was categorized as follows: rare artificially sweetened beverage consumption (never to fewer than one serving per week), frequent consumption (one to six servings per week), and daily consumption (more than one servings per day). Outcome measurements and statistical analysis The incidence of urinary tract cancer reported during subsequent visits until February 28, 2020 was recorded. Demographic characteristics were compared between those with varying levels of artificially sweetened beverage consumption. Descriptive statistics were used to report the rates of urinary tract cancer diagnosis, and Cox regression models were constructed to determine hazard ratios and adjust for potential confounders. Results and limitations We identified 80 388 participants who met the inclusion criteria. Most participants (64%) were infrequent consumers of artificially sweetened beverages, with 13% (n = 10 494) consuming more than one servings per day. The incidence of urinary tract cancers was low, with only 804 cases identified. Cox regression models showed that frequent artificially sweetened beverage consumption was associated with a higher risk of kidney cancer (adjusted hazard ratio 1.34, 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.75). There was no significant association between artificially sweetened beverage intake and bladder cancer. Conclusions Frequent consumption of artificially sweetened beverages may be associated with a higher risk of kidney cancer among postmenopausal women. Patient summary A secondary analysis of the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study showed that higher consumption of artificially sweetened beverages was associated with a higher risk of kidney cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E. Ringel
- Urogynecology & Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Corresponding author. 310 Cedar Street, Box 208063, New Haven, CT 06519, USA. Tel. +1-203-249-3125; Fax: +1-475-246-9850.
| | - Kathleen M. Hovey
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Chris A. Andrews
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Aladdin H. Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Linda G. Snetselaar
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Cheryl B. Iglesia
- Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, MedStar Washington Hospital Center and Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
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Anbara H, Kian M, Darya G, Sheibani MT. Long-term intake of aspartame-induced cardiovascular toxicity is reflected in altered histochemical parameters, evokes oxidative stress, and trigger P53-dependent apoptosis in a mouse model. Int J Exp Pathol 2022; 103:252-262. [PMID: 36251541 PMCID: PMC9664407 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspartame (ASP) is probably the best known artificial sugar substitute that is used widely in food. Many experimental studies have reported the toxicity of long-term administration of ASP in various organ tissues. However, there is little evidence available about the nature and mechanisms of the adverse effects of long-term consumption of ASP on the cardiovascular system. This study was conducted to evaluate the possible effects of ASP on heart tissue. For this study 36 mature male mice were divided into one control group and three groups which received respectively 40 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg and 160 mg/kg ASP orally, for 90 days. ASP at the doses of 80 and 160 mg/kg increased the serum content of malondialdehyde (MDA), but decreased serum nitric oxide (NO), creatine kinase (CK) and CK-MB, as well as blood superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Serum level of total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC) in blood was also reduced in serum at the dose of 80 mg/kg. Histochemical staining, including Periodic acid-Schiff, Masson's trichrome and Verhoeff-van Gieson staining, indicated that ASP at doses of 80 and 160 mg/kg reduced glycogen deposition and decreased the number of collagen and elastic fibres in the cardiac tissue. The cardiac expression of pro-apoptotic genes, including P53, Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3, was modulated at the dose of 160 mg/kg. Moreover, transcription of Caspase-3 was up-regulated at the dose of 80 mg/kg. In conclusion, long-term consumption of ASP any higher than the acceptable daily intake (40 mg/kg) appears to act by promoting oxidative stress, has the potential to alter both histopathological and biochemical parameters, and induces P53-dependent apoptosis in cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojat Anbara
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Mehdi Kian
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and TechnologiesShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
- Student Research CommitteeShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Gholam‐Hossein Darya
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and TechnologiesShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
- Student Research CommitteeShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
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Galvan S, Madderson O, Xue S, Teixeira AP, Fussenegger M. Regulation of Transgene Expression by the Natural Sweetener Xylose. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203193. [PMID: 36316222 PMCID: PMC9731693 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation gene and engineered-cell therapies benefit from incorporating synthetic gene networks that can precisely regulate the therapeutic output in response to externally administered signal inputs that are safe, readily bioavailable and pleasant to take. To enable such therapeutic control, a mammalian gene switch is designed to be responsive to the natural sweetener xylose and its functionality is assessed in mouse studies. The gene switch consists of the bacterial transcription regulator XylR fused to a mammalian transactivator, which binds to an optimized promoter in the presence of xylose, thereby allowing dose-dependent transgene expression. The sensitivity of SWEET (sweetener-inducible expression of transgene) is improved by coexpressing a xylose transporter. Mice implanted with encapsulated SWEET-engineered cells show increased blood levels of cargo protein when taking xylose-sweetened water or coffee, or highly concentrated apple extract, while they do not respond to intake of a usual amount of carrots, which contain xylose. In a proof-of-concept therapeutic application study, type-1 diabetic mice engineered with insulin-expressing SWEET show lowered glycemia and increased insulin levels when administered this fairly diabetic-compliant sweetener, compared to untreated mice. A SWEET-based therapy appears to have the potential to integrate seamlessly into patients' life-style and food habits in the move toward personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Galvan
- Department of Biosystems Science and EngineeringETH ZurichMattenstrasse 26BaselCH‐4058Switzerland
| | - Oliver Madderson
- Department of Biosystems Science and EngineeringETH ZurichMattenstrasse 26BaselCH‐4058Switzerland
| | - Shuai Xue
- Department of Biosystems Science and EngineeringETH ZurichMattenstrasse 26BaselCH‐4058Switzerland
| | - Ana P. Teixeira
- Department of Biosystems Science and EngineeringETH ZurichMattenstrasse 26BaselCH‐4058Switzerland
| | - Martin Fussenegger
- Department of Biosystems Science and EngineeringETH ZurichMattenstrasse 26BaselCH‐4058Switzerland
- Faculty of Life ScienceUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 26BaselCH‐4058Switzerland
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25
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The Associations between Maternal Serum Aspartame and Sucralose and Metabolic Health during Pregnancy. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235001. [PMID: 36501030 PMCID: PMC9740469 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the associations between maternal serum aspartame/sucralose levels and metabolic health during pregnancy. METHODS A nested population-based case-control study was conducted in 109 women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Serum aspartame and sucralose levels were assessed using an ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to a tandem mass spectrometry system. RESULTS We detected the presence of circulating aspartame and sucralose in all participants at fasting. No differences in serum aspartame or sucralose levels were observed between GDM and non-GDM groups. In the fully-adjusted linear regression models, serum aspartame levels were positively associated with insulin resistance index, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol. In the fully-adjusted logistic regression models, higher serum aspartame levels were positively associated with elevated HbA1c, insulin resistance, hypercholesterolemia, and hyper-LDL cholesterolemia. In the GDM group, the significant associations between higher serum aspartame levels and elevated HbA1c, insulin resistance, and hypo-HDL cholesterolemia persisted, while positive associations were found between higher serum aspartame levels and insulin resistance and hyper-LDL cholesterolemia in the non-GDM group. Serum sucralose levels were negatively associated with HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS The study found that maternal serum aspartame levels were positively associated with insulin resistance index, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol during pregnancy. This finding provides the different effects of specific NNS on metabolic health during pregnancy.
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Soyseven M, Sezgin B, Acar E, Arli G. Green, Rapid, Robust Determination of Aspartame in Beverages by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Evaporative Light Scattering Detection (HPLC-ELSD): Method Development and Validation. ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2146129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Soyseven
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Yunus Emre Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Burcu Sezgin
- Department of Environmental Protection Technologies, Eskişehir Vocational School, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ebrar Acar
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Göksel Arli
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Yunus Emre Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Aspartames Alter Pharmacokinetics Parameters of Erlotinib and Gefitinib and Elevate Liver Enzymes in Wistar Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15111400. [DOI: 10.3390/ph15111400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Erlotinib (ERL) and gefitinib (GEF) are extensively metabolized by CYP450 enzymes. Aspartame (ASP), an artificial sweetener, induces CYP2E1 and CYP3A2 enzymes in the brain and could increase liver enzymes. In this work, the influence of ASP on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of ERL and GEF in Wistar rats was evaluated. Methods: The PKs of ERL and GEF were evaluated after receiving 175 mg/kg or 1000 mg/kg of ASP for four weeks using UPLC-MS/MS. Levels of liver enzymes after four weeks of ASP consumption were also evaluated. Results: ASP 175 mg/kg was able to significantly alter levels of Cmax (36% increase for ERL, 38% decrease for GEF), AUC0–72 (205% increase for ERL, 41% increase for GEF), and AUC0–∞ (112% increase for ERL, 14% increase for GEF). Moreover, ASP 175 mg/kg decreased the apparent oral clearance ERL and GEF by 58% and 13%, respectively. ASP 1000 mg/kg increased Cmax of ERL by 159% and decreased GEF’s Cmax by and 73%. Both AUC0–72 and AUC0–∞ were increased by ASP 1000 for ERL and decreased for GEF. CL/F decreased by 64% for ERL and increased by 38.8% for GEF. Moreover, data indicated that ASP significantly increased levels of liver enzymes within two weeks of administration. Conclusions: Although ASP 175 and 1000 mg/kg alter ERL and GEF PKs parameters, ASP 1000 mg/kg has the highest impact on most parameters. ASP 1000 mg/kg also can significantly increase activities of liver enzymes indicating the possibility of inducing liver injury. Therefore, it might be of clinical importance to avoid the administration of aspartame containing products while on ERL or GEF therapy.
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Aspartame Consumption, Mitochondrial Disorder-Induced Impaired Ovarian Function, and Infertility Risk. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112740. [PMID: 36361530 PMCID: PMC9656449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Frequent consumption of diet drinks was associated with oocyte dysmorphism, decreased embryo quality, and an adverse effect on pregnancy rate. We investigated the harmful effects of aspartame and potential mechanisms through which it increases infertility risk through clinical observations and in vivo and in vitro studies. Methods: We established a cohort of 840 pregnant women and retrospectively determined their time to conceive. We assessed the estrus cycle, the anti-Mullerian hormone level, ovarian oxidative stress, and ovarian mitochondrial function in an animal study. We also evaluated mitochondria function, mitochondrial biogenesis, and progesterone release with in vitro studies. Aspartame consumption was associated with increased infertility risk in the younger women (Odds ratio: 1.79, 95% confidence interval: 1.00, 3.22). The results of the in vivo study revealed that aspartame disrupted the estrus cycle and reduced the anti-Mullerian hormone level. Aspartame treatment also suppressed antioxidative activities and resulted in higher oxidative stress in the ovaries and granulosa cells. This phenomenon is caused by an aspartame-induced decline in mitochondrial function (maximal respiration, spare respiratory capacity, and ATP production capacity) and triggered mitochondrial biogenesis (assessed by examining the energy depletion signaling-related factors sirtuin-1, phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α, and nuclear respiratory factor 1 expression levels). Aspartame may alter fertility by reserving fewer follicles in the ovary and disrupting steroidogenesis in granulosa cells. Hence, women preparing for pregnancy are suggested to reduce aspartame consumption and avoid oxidative stressors of the ovaries.
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Savin M, Vrkatić A, Dedić D, Vlaški T, Vorgučin I, Bjelanović J, Jevtic M. Additives in Children's Nutrition-A Review of Current Events. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13452. [PMID: 36294032 PMCID: PMC9603407 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Additives are defined as substances added to food with the aim of preserving and improving safety, freshness, taste, texture, or appearance. While indirect additives can be found in traces in food and come from materials used for packaging, storage, and technological processing of food, direct additives are added to food with a special purpose (canning). The use of additives is justified if it is in accordance with legal regulations and does not pose a health or danger to consumers in the prescribed concentration. However, due to the specificity of the child's metabolic system, there is a greater risk that the negative effects of the additive will manifest. Considering the importance of the potential negative impact of additives on children's health and the increased interest in the control and monitoring of additives in food for children, we have reviewed the latest available literature available through PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Expert data were taken from publicly available documents published from January 2010 to April 2022 by internationally recognized professional organizations. It was found that the most frequently present additives in the food consumed by children are bisphenols, phthalates, perfluoroalkyl chemicals, perchlorates, pesticides, nitrates and nitrites, artificial food colors, monosodium glutamate, and aspartame. Increasing literacy about the presence and potential risk through continuous education of parents and young people as well as active monitoring of newly registered additives and harmonization of existing legal regulations by competent authorities can significantly prevent the unwanted effects of additives on children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Savin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Institute for Child and Youth Health Care of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 10, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Vrkatić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Danijela Dedić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Emergency Service, Community Health Center Šid, Alekse Šantića 1, 22239 Šid, Serbia
| | - Tomislav Vlaški
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ivana Vorgučin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Institute for Child and Youth Health Care of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 10, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jelena Bjelanović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Futoška 121, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Marija Jevtic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Futoška 121, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Research Center on Environmental Health and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
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30
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Fan X, Li X, Du L, Li J, Xu J, Shi Z, Li C, Tu M, Zeng X, Wu Z, Pan D. The effect of natural plant-based homogenates as additives on the quality of yogurt: A review. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wu Z, Li Y, Fang Y, Zhang J, Yang T, Zhu H, Tao G, Ding Z, Zhang L, Shi G. Adenylation domains of nonribosomal peptide synthetase: A potential biocatalyst for synthesis of dipeptides and their derivatives. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022; 160:110089. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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The effect of aspartame and sucralose intake on body weight measures and blood metabolites: role of their form (solid and/or liquid) of ingestion. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:352-360. [PMID: 34420538 PMCID: PMC9301525 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521003238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The ingestion of non-caloric sweeteners (NCS) from food and/or drink was intended to reduce caloric intake without compromising palatability. However, the inconclusive relation between NCS and body weight may partially relate to their form of ingestion (solid or liquid). Thus, two paralleled experiments (aspartame and sucralose) were conducted. In each, Sprague Dawley rats (7-week-old male) were randomly divided into four groups. In Expt 1, aspartame (0·05 %) was added to the diet (AD) or drinking water (AW) or both diet and water (ADW), and a control group (C) was given a non-sweetened diet with plain water. In Expt 2, sucralose (0·016 %) was similarly provided in the diet (SD) or drinking water (SW) or both diet and water (SDW), with a control group (C). All rats had free access to food and water for 7 weeks. Energy intake, body weight and body composition were monitored and blood metabolites were determined. Results showed that aspartame ingestion significantly increased body weight and fat mass mainly due to an increase in energy efficiency. The effect was related to the amount rather than the form of ingestion. Additionally, aspartame ingestion was associated with glucose intolerance. Sucralose ingestion had a similar impact to that of aspartame though to a lesser extent. In conclusion, 7-week ingestion of aspartame and sucralose had adverse effects on body measures that were not related to the form of ingestion.
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Stampe S, Leth-Møller M, Greibe E, Hoffmann-Lücke E, Pedersen M, Ovesen P. Artificial Sweeteners in Breast Milk: A Clinical Investigation with a Kinetic Perspective. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132635. [PMID: 35807817 PMCID: PMC9268461 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial sweeteners (ASs) are calorie-free chemical substances used instead of sugar to sweeten foods and drinks. Pregnant women with obesity or diabetes are often recommended to substitute sugary products with ASs to prevent an increase in body weight. However, some recent controversy surrounding ASs relates to concerns about the risk of obesity caused by a variety of metabolic changes, both in the mother and the offspring. This study addressed these concerns and investigated the biodistribution of ASs in plasma and breast milk of lactating women to clarify whether ASs can transfer from mother to offspring through breast milk. We recruited 49 lactating women who were provided with a beverage containing four different ASs (acesulfame-potassium, saccharin, cyclamate, and sucralose). Blood and breast milk samples were collected before and up to six hours after consumption. The women were categorized: BMI < 25 (n = 20), BMI > 27 (n = 21) and type 1 diabetes (n = 8). We found that all four ASs were present in maternal plasma and breast milk. The time-to-peak was 30−120 min in plasma and 240−300 min in breast milk. Area under the curve (AUC) ratios in breast milk were 88.9% for acesulfame-potassium, 38.9% for saccharin, and 1.9% for cyclamate. We observed no differences in ASs distributions between the groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Stampe
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Aarhus University Hospital and Steno Diabetes Centre Aarhus, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark;
- Comparative Medicine Laboratory, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (E.G.); (E.H.-L.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (P.O.); Tel.: +45-31714417 (S.S.); +45-30714824 (P.O.)
| | - Magnus Leth-Møller
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Aarhus University Hospital and Steno Diabetes Centre Aarhus, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark;
- Comparative Medicine Laboratory, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (E.G.); (E.H.-L.)
| | - Eva Greibe
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (E.G.); (E.H.-L.)
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Elke Hoffmann-Lücke
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (E.G.); (E.H.-L.)
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Michael Pedersen
- Comparative Medicine Laboratory, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Per Ovesen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Aarhus University Hospital and Steno Diabetes Centre Aarhus, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark;
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (E.G.); (E.H.-L.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (P.O.); Tel.: +45-31714417 (S.S.); +45-30714824 (P.O.)
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Gyedu A, Mehta K, Baidoo H, Addo D, Abdullah M, Mesic A, Samosorn A, Cancio LC, Nakarmi K, Stewart BT. Preferences for Oral Rehydration Drinks among Healthy Individuals in Ghana: A Single-Blind, Cross-Sectional Survey to Inform Implementation of an Enterally Based Resuscitation Protocol for Burn Injury. Burns 2022; 49:820-829. [PMID: 35715342 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2022.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterally based resuscitation for major burn injuries has been suggested as a simple, operationally superior, and effective resuscitation strategy for use in austere contexts. However, key information to support its implementation is lacking, including palatability and acceptability of widely available rehydration drinks. METHODS We performed a single-blinded, cross-sectional survey of 60 healthy children (5-14 years), adults (15-54 years) and older adults (≥55 years) to determine palatability and overall acceptability of five oral rehydration solutions (ORS) and a positive control drink (Sprite Zero®) in Ghana. Quantitative data were described and differences between our control drink and the others across age groups were visually examined with Likert plots. Qualitative responses were analyzed using a content analysis framework. RESULTS Twenty participants in each age group completed the study. Participants were as young as 5 years and as old as 84 years. Nearly two thirds of the sample identified as male (n = 38, 63% of all participants). The positive control was reported to taste 'good or 'very good' by the majority of participants (89%) followed by lemon-flavored ORS (78%) and orange-flavored ORS (78%). Conversely, homemade and low-osmolarity ORS were reported to taste 'good' or 'very good' by only 20% and 15% of participants, respectively. There were no major taste differences across the age groups. However, children more frequently reported positively (i.e., tastes 'good' or 'very good') about flavored and sweet drinks than did adults and older adults. When faced with the hypothetical situation of being critically injured and needing resuscitation, participants tended to be more agreeable to consuming all the drinks, even low-osmolarity and homemade ORS. CONCLUSIONS These findings can be used to support the development of protocols that may be more acceptable among patients undergoing enterally based resuscitation, thus improving the effectiveness of the treatment. Specifically, enterally based resuscitation should likely include citrus-flavored ORS when available, given superior palatability and the fact that different flavor additives for patients of different ages do not seem necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Gyedu
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Kajal Mehta
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Hilary Baidoo
- University Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Dorcas Addo
- University Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Mohammed Abdullah
- University Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Aldina Mesic
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Angela Samosorn
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA; US Army Nurse Corps, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | | | | | - Barclay T Stewart
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; UW Medicine Regional Burn Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Ibrahim RYM, Hammad HBI, Gaafar AA, Saber AA. The possible role of the seaweed Sargassum vulgare as a promising functional food ingredient minimizing aspartame-associated toxicity in rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:752-771. [PMID: 32705899 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2020.1797642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-two male Wistar albino rats were chosen to test the possible protective role of antioxidants of the edible seaweed Sargassum vulgare as a functional food additive to alleviate oxidative stress and toxicity associated with consumption of the artificial sweetener 'aspartame (ASP)'. Biochemical and spleen histopathological analyses of the orally ASP-administrated rats, at a dose of 500 mg/kg for one week daily, showed different apoptotic and inflammatory patterns. Rats treated with ASP and then supplemented orally with the S. vulgare-MeOH extract, at a dose of 150 mg/kg for three consecutive weeks daily, showed significant positive reactions in all investigated assays related to ASP consumption. The protective and immune-stimulant efficacy of S. vulgare-MeOH extract, inferred from combating oxidative stress-induced lipid peroxidation, modulating the low levels of the endogenous antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4, attenuating the elevated levels of apoptotic CASP-3 and inflammatory biomarkers TNF-α and IL-6, as well as heat shock proteins (Hsp70), can be most likely ascribed to the synergistic effect of its potent antioxidant phenolics (mainly gallic, ferulic, salicylic, and chlorogenic, and p-coumaric acids) and flavonoids (rutin, kaempferol, and hesperidin). Mechanism of action of these natural antioxidants was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Y M Ibrahim
- Radioisotopes Department, Nuclear Research Centre, Atomic Energy Authority, Giza, Egypt
| | - Huda B I Hammad
- Radioisotopes Department, Nuclear Research Centre, Atomic Energy Authority, Giza, Egypt
| | - Alaa A Gaafar
- Plant Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdullah A Saber
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Xie J, Sun Y, Cao Y, Han L, Li Y, Ding B, Gao C, Hao P, Jin X, Chang Y, Song J, Yin D, Ding J. Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Provide Insights into the Growth and Development Advantages of Triploid Apostichopus japonicus. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 24:151-162. [PMID: 35122573 PMCID: PMC8940865 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polyploid breeding is widely used in aquaculture as an important area of new research. We have previously grown Apostichopus japonicus triploids with a growth advantage. The body length, body weight, and aestivation time of triploid and diploid A. japonicus were measured in this study, and the transcriptome and metabolome were used to examine the growth advantage of triploids A. japonicus. The results showed that the proportion of triploid A. japonicus with a body length of 6-12 cm and 12-18 cm was significantly higher than that of diploid A. japonicus, and triploid A. japonicus had a shorter aestivation time (39 days) than diploid (63 days). We discovered 3296 differentially expressed genes (DEGs); 13 DEGs (for example, cyclin-dependent kinase 2) related to growth advantage, immune regulation, and energy storage were screened as potential candidates. According to Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, DEGs were significantly enriched in the cytoplasm (cellular component), ATP binding process (molecular function), oxidation-reduction process (biological process), and other pathways. According to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment data, DEGs were significantly enriched in ribosome production and other areas. We discovered 414 significant differential metabolites (SDMs), with 11 important SDMs (for example, nocodazole) linked to a growth advantage. SDMs are significantly enriched in metabolic pathways, as well as other pathways, according to the KEGG enrichment results. According to a combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis, 6 DEGs have regulatory relationships with 11 SDMs, which act on 11 metabolic pathways together. Our results further enrich the biological data of triploid A. japonicus and provide useful resources for genetic improvement of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Xie
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, North China's Sea, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, 116023
| | - Yi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, North China's Sea, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, 116023
| | - Yue Cao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, North China's Sea, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, 116023
| | - Lingshu Han
- Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, 315211
| | - Yuanxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, North China's Sea, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, 116023
| | - Beichen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, North China's Sea, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, 116023
| | - Chuang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, North China's Sea, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, 116023
| | - Pengfei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, North China's Sea, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, 116023
| | - Xin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, North China's Sea, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, 116023
| | - Yaqing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, North China's Sea, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, 116023
| | - Jian Song
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, North China's Sea, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, 116023
| | - Donghong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, North China's Sea, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, 116023
| | - Jun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, North China's Sea, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, 116023.
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Natural sweeteners: Sources, extraction and current uses in foods and food industries. Food Chem 2022; 370:130991. [PMID: 34509947 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Food producers have leaned towards alternative natural and synthetic sweeteners in food formulations to satisfy market demands. Even so, several synthetic sweeteners (e.g., aspartame, saccharin, sucralose) are becoming less popular due to health-related concerns, lower nutritional values, and controversies around their safety. Conversely, natural sweeteners confer favourable customer perceptions due to their association to a healthier lifestyle and higher nutritional values. This article discusses the evidence of natural sweeteners in the available commercial products. A comprehensive review of natural sweeteners is presented, which includes their resources, properties and extraction methods, as well as a discussion on several emerging technologies that offer improvements to the traditional extraction methods. Finally, the progress of natural sweeteners in the food industry is assessed, and the commercial food products containing these natural sweeteners are mentioned.
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Xu Y, Liu S, Bian L, Li Z, Luo C, Chen Y, Wu X. Engineering of a UDP-Glycosyltransferase for the Efficient Whole-Cell Biosynthesis of Siamenoside I in Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1601-1609. [PMID: 35099964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The combination of the insufficient availability and the complex structure of siamenoside I (SI), the sweetest glucoside isolated from Siraitia grosvenorii to date, limited its use as a natural sweetener. To solve this problem, an improved biocatalyst, UGT-M2, was semi-rationally created by engineering the uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase UGT94-289-2 from S. grosvenorii for the monoglucosylation of mogroside IIIE (MG IIIE) to SI. Subsequently, an engineered Escherichia coli cell was constructed, which combined UGT-M2 with a UDP-glucose regeneration system to circumvent the need for expensive UDP-glucose to produce SI. After optimization, high-purity SI (>96.4%) was efficiently prepared from MG IIIE at a 1 L scale with a productivity of 29.78 g/(L day) and a molar yield of 76.5% and without using exogenous UDP-glucose. This study not only developed a whole-cell approach for the preparation of SI but also provided an alternative glycosyltransferase variant for SI biosynthesis with synthetic biology in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuncong Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211198, PR China
| | - Shiqiang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211198, PR China
| | - Liuyun Bian
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211198, PR China
| | - Zhenlin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Street. Hongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210028, PR China
| | - Chen Luo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211198, PR China
| | - Yijun Chen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211198, PR China
| | - Xuri Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211198, PR China
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Li X, Dong G, Han G, Du L, Li M. Zebrafish Behavioral Phenomics Links Artificial Sweetener Aspartame to Behavioral Toxicity and Neurotransmitter Homeostasis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:15393-15402. [PMID: 34874711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Artificial sweeteners (ASs) are extensively used as food additives in drinks and beverages to lower calorie intake and prevent lifestyle diseases such as obesity. Although clinical and epidemiological data revealed the link between the chronic overconsumption of ASs and adverse health effects, there still exist controversies over the potential adverse neural toxic effect of ASs such as aspartame (APM), with acceptable daily intake (ADI) for a long time, on human health. In addition, whether APM and its metabolites are neurotoxic remains debatable due to a lack of data from an animal experiment or clinical investigation. Herein, to fully describe the potential neurological effect of APM, adult zebrafish served as the animal model to assess neurophysiological alteration induced by APM exposure within the range of the ADI (1, 10, and 100 mg/L) for 2 months. A cohort of standardized neurobehavioral phenotyping assays was conducted, including light/dark preference tests (LDP), novel tank diving tests, novel object recognition tests, social interaction tests, and color preference tests. For instance, in the LDP test, saccharin remarkably decreased the swimming time of zebrafish in the DARK part from 111 ± 10.8 (control group) to 72.2 ± 11.4 (100 mg/L groups). Besides, brain chemistry involved in the alteration of total neurotransmitters was determined by LC-MS/MS to confirm the behavioral results. Overall, current research studies revealed that APM within the range of the ADI altered the total behavioral profiles of zebrafish and disturbed the homeostasis of neurotransmitters in the brain. The present study has established a set of experimental paradigms, revealing the standardized procedure of using adult zebrafish to determine the neural activity or toxicity of AS molecules phenotypically. Zebrafish behavioral phenotyping methods, which were characterized by a cohort of behavioral fingerprints, can link the phenotypical alteration to changes in neurotransmitters in the brain, so as to provide a predictive reference for the further exploration of the molecular mechanism of phenotypic changes induced by ASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Gaopan Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
| | - Guangxi Han
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Lupei Du
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Minyong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
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Dey S, Samadder A, Nandi S. Current Role of Nanotechnology Used in Food Processing Industry to Control Food Additives and Exploring Their Biochemical Mechanisms. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 23:513-539. [PMID: 34915833 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666211216150355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the advent of food additives centuries ago, the human race has found ways to improve and maintain the safety of utility, augment the taste, color, texture, nutritional value, and appearance of the food. Since the 19th century, when the science behind food spoilage was discerned, the use of food additives in food preservation has been increasing worldwide and at a fast pace to get along with modern lifestyles. Although food additives are thought to be used to benefit the food market, some of them are found to be associated with several health issues at an alarming rate. Studies are still going on regarding the mechanisms by which food additives affect public health. Therefore, an attempt has been made to find out the remedies by exploiting technologies that may convey new properties of food additives that can only enhance the quality of food without having any systemic side effects. Thus, this review focuses on the applications of nanotechnology in the production of nano-food additives and evaluates its success regarding reduction in the health-related hazards collaterally maintaining the food nutrient value. METHODOLOGY A thorough literature study was performed using scientific databases like PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science for determining the design of the study, and each article was checked for citation and referred to formulate the present review article. CONCLUSION Nanotechnology can be applied in the food processing industry to control the unregulated use of food additives and to intervene in the biochemical mechanisms at a cellular and physiological level for the ensuring safety of food products. The prospective of nano-additive of chemical origin could be useful to reduce risks of hazards related to human health that are caused majorly due to the invasion of food contaminants (either intentional or non-intentional) into food, though this area still needs scientific validation. Therefore, this review provides comprehensive knowledge on different facets of food contaminants and also serves as a platform of ideas for encountering health risk problems about the design of improved versions of nano-additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudatta Dey
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia-741235. India
| | - Asmita Samadder
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia-741235. India
| | - Sisir Nandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (GIPER) (Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University). Kashipur-244713. India
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Zhang M, Chen S, Dai Y, Duan T, Xu Y, Li X, Yang J, Zhu X. Aspartame and sucralose extend the lifespan and improve the health status of C. elegans. Food Funct 2021; 12:9912-9921. [PMID: 34486601 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01579f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aspartame (ASP) and sucralose (SUC) are non-nutritive sweeteners which are widely consumed worldwide. They are considered safe for human consumption, but their effects on certain physiological aspects, such as the lifespan or health status, of the organism have not yet been studied in depth and only limited data are available in the literature. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of ASP and SUC on the lifespan and health indexes using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as a model system. Interestingly, it was shown that at the concentrations tested, ASP (0.03-3 mg mL-1) showed an increasing trend of the mean lifespan of C. elegans, with a significant increase of 27.6% compared to the control at 3 mg mL-1. Similarly, SUC (ranging from 0.03 to 10 mg mL-1) also significantly increased the mean lifespan by 20.3% and 22.3% at 0.03 and 0.3 mg mL-1, respectively. However, 10 mg mL-1 SUC had a negative effect on the lifespan, though it did not reach a statistically significant level. In addition, ASP and SUC decreased lipofuscin accumulation and transiently improved motility, indicating improved health status. Nonetheless, they had different effects on food intake and intestinal fat deposition (IFD) at different intervals of time. Taken together, our findings revealed that ASP and SUC can prolong the lifespan and improve the health status of C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Zhang
- Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.,Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Yuhua Dai
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China.
| | - Ting Duan
- Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yuying Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Technical Center for Animal, Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine of Shanghai Customs district, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Toxicology, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Center for Uterine Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy Research, The Affiliated Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Xinqiang Zhu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China. .,Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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Basson AR, Rodriguez-Palacios A, Cominelli F. Artificial Sweeteners: History and New Concepts on Inflammation. Front Nutr 2021; 8:746247. [PMID: 34631773 PMCID: PMC8497813 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.746247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the introduction of artificial sweeteners (AS) to the North American market in the 1950s, a growing number of epidemiological and animal studies have suggested that AS may induce changes in gut bacteria and gut wall immune reactivity, which could negatively affect individuals with or susceptible to chronic inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a disorder that has been growing exponentially in westernized countries. This review summarizes the history of current FDA-approved AS and their chemical composition, metabolism, and bacterial utilization, and provides a scoping overview of the disease mechanisms associated with the induction or prevention of inflammation in IBD. We provide a general outlook on areas that have been both largely and scarcely studied, emerging concepts using silica, and describe the effects of AS on acute and chronic forms of intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Raffner Basson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Digestive Health Research Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Alexander Rodriguez-Palacios
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Digestive Health Research Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Mouse Models, Silvio O'Conte Cleveland Digestive Diseases Research Core Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Germ-Free and Gut Microbiome Core, Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Digestive Health Research Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Mouse Models, Silvio O'Conte Cleveland Digestive Diseases Research Core Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Germ-Free and Gut Microbiome Core, Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Selvasekaran P, Chidambaram R. Advances in formulation for the production of low-fat, fat-free, low-sugar, and sugar-free chocolates: An overview of the past decade. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Babbel J, Ramos C, Wangberg H, Luskin K, Simon R. Adverse reactions to food additives. JOURNAL OF FOOD ALLERGY 2021; 3:8-23. [PMID: 39022633 PMCID: PMC11250194 DOI: 10.2500/jfa.2021.3.210004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Food additives are naturally occurring or synthetic substances that are added to food to modify the color, taste, texture, stability, or other characteristics of foods. These additives are ubiquitous in the food that we consume on a daily basis and, therefore, have been the subject of much scrutiny about possible reactions. Despite these concerns, the overall prevalence of food additive reactions is 1-2%, with a minority of the wide variety of symptoms attributed to food-additive exposure being reproduced by double-blind placebo controlled challenges. Reactions can be broadly classified into either immunoglobulin E (IgE)- and non-IgE-mediated reactions, with natural additives accounting for most IgE-mediated reactions, and both natural and synthetic additives being implicated in the non-IgE-mediated reactions. Reactions that include asthma exacerbations, urticaria and/or angioedema, or anaphylaxis with ingestion of a food additive are most deserving of further allergy evaluation. In this article, we discussed the different types of adverse reactions that have been described to various food additives. We also reviewed the specifics of how to evaluate and diagnose a food additive allergy in a clinic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Babbel
- Scripps Clinic Department of Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, California
| | - Courtney Ramos
- Scripps Clinic Department of Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, California
| | - Hannah Wangberg
- Scripps Clinic Department of Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, California
| | - Kate Luskin
- Scripps Clinic Department of Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, California
| | - Ronald Simon
- Scripps Clinic Department of Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, California
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High Concentrations of Aspartame Induce Pro-Angiogenic Effects in Ovo and Cytotoxic Effects in HT-29 Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123600. [PMID: 33255204 PMCID: PMC7760274 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspartame (ASP), an artificial sweetener abundantly consumed in recent years in an array of dietary products, has raised some concerns in terms of toxicity, and it was even suggested a link with the risk of carcinogenesis (colorectal cancer), though the present scientific data are rather inconclusive. This study aims at investigating the potential role of aspartame in colorectal cancer by suggesting two experimental approaches: (i) an in vitro cytotoxicity screening in HT-29 human colorectal carcinoma cells based on cell viability (Alamar blue assay), cell morphology and cell migration (scratch assay) assessment and (ii) an in ovo evaluation in terms of angiogenic and irritant potential by means of the chorioallantoic membrane method (CAM). The in vitro results showed a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect, with a significant decrease of viable cells at the highest concentrations tested (15, 30 and 50 mM) and morphological cellular changes. In ovo, aspartame (15 and 30 mM) proved to have a pro-angiogenic effect and a weak irritant potential at the vascular level. These data suggest new directions of research regarding aspartame’s role in colorectal cancer.
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Haddad SG, Mohammad M, Raafat K, Saleh FA. Antihyperglycemic and hepatoprotective properties of miracle fruit (Synsepalum dulcificum) compared to aspartame in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 18:514-521. [PMID: 32958414 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to investigate the antihyperglycemic potential of miracle fruit (MF) as well as its hepatic safety as compared to aspartame in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. METHODS MF extracts were prepared and screened for their phytochemical composition using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents and antioxidant potential were also determined. Additionally, MF was evaluated for its sensory attributes. For in vivo work, MF ethanol extract at high (MFH: 500 mg/kg body weight [BW]) and low (MFL: 250 mg/kg BW) doses as well as aspartame were injected intraperitoneally into alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Blood glucose levels were determined following acute and subchronic treatment. At the end of the study, animals were sacrificed, serum was collected for biochemical analysis and liver tissues were obtained for histopathological examination. RESULTS MF ethanol extract contained more flavonoids and tannins, and had higher 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity (79.61%) compared to MF aqueous extract (P < 0.05). HPLC analysis of MF ethanol extract also revealed the presence of 10 antioxidants with quercetin comprising the major polyphenol. Additionally, sensory analysis of MF showed that its intake is effective in masking undesirable sourness. Subchronic administration of MFH proved amelioration of hyperglycemia in mice as compared to aspartame. Moreover, aspartame treatment significantly elevated (P < 0.05) the level of alanine aminotransferase and had destructive effects on the liver histopathology; however, hepatic architecture was restored by low and high doses of MF. CONCLUSION MF is an effective antihyperglycemic with hepatoprotective properties that can be used as a healthier alternative sweetening agent in place of aspartame for sour beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan G Haddad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 115020, Lebanon
| | - Mariam Mohammad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 115020, Lebanon
| | - Karim Raafat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 115020, Lebanon
| | - Fatima A Saleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 115020, Lebanon.
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47
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Walbolt J, Koh Y. Non-nutritive Sweeteners and Their Associations with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. J Obes Metab Syndr 2020; 29:114-123. [PMID: 32482914 PMCID: PMC7338497 DOI: 10.7570/jomes19079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence linking the excessive consumption of nutritive sweeteners (NS) to adverse metabolic health outcomes has led to an increase in consumption of non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS), particularly among the obese and individuals with diabetes. NNS are characterized by having zero-to-negligible caloric load, while also having a sweet taste. They are utilized as a replacement for traditional NS to reduce energy intake and to limit carbohydrate-related negative health outcomes. However, recent studies have suggested that NNS may actually contribute to the development or worsening of metabolic diseases, including metabolic syndrome, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Thus, it is imperative to understand the NNS efficacy and the relationship between NNS and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrett Walbolt
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Yunsuk Koh
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
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48
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Wu X, Zha J, Koffas MAG. Microbial production of bioactive chemicals for human health. Curr Opin Food Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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49
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Mouillot T, Parise A, Greco C, Barthet S, Brindisi MC, Penicaud L, Leloup C, Brondel L, Jacquin-Piques A. Differential Cerebral Gustatory Responses to Sucrose, Aspartame, and Stevia Using Gustatory Evoked Potentials in Humans. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020322. [PMID: 32012665 PMCID: PMC7071252 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspartame and Stevia are widely substituted for sugar. Little is known about cerebral activation in response to low-caloric sweeteners in comparison with high-caloric sugar, whereas these molecules lead to different metabolic effects. We aimed to compare gustatory evoked potentials (GEPs) obtained in response to sucrose solution in young, healthy subjects, with GEPs obtained in response to aspartame and Stevia. Twenty healthy volunteers were randomly stimulated with three solutions of similar intensities of sweetness: Sucrose 10 g/100 mL of water, aspartame 0.05 g/100 mL, and Stevia 0.03 g/100 mL. GEPs were recorded with EEG (Electroencephalogram) electrodes. Hedonic values of each solution were evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS). The main result was that P1 latencies of GEPs were significantly shorter when subjects were stimulated by the sucrose solution than when they were stimulated by either the aspartame or the Stevia one. P1 latencies were also significantly shorter when subjects were stimulated by the aspartame solution than the Stevia one. No significant correlation was noted between GEP parameters and hedonic values marked by VAS. Although sucrose, aspartame, and Stevia lead to the same taste perception, cerebral activation by these three sweet solutions are different according to GEPs recording. Besides differences of taste receptors and cerebral areas activated by these substances, neural plasticity, and change in synaptic connections related to sweet innate preference and sweet conditioning, could be the best hypothesis to explain the differences in cerebral gustatory processing after sucrose and sweeteners activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Mouillot
- Centre des Sciences du goût et de l’Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France; (T.M.); (A.P.); (C.G.); (S.B.); (M.-C.B.); (L.P.); (C.L.); (L.B.)
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, 14, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Rue Paul Gaffarel, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Anaïs Parise
- Centre des Sciences du goût et de l’Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France; (T.M.); (A.P.); (C.G.); (S.B.); (M.-C.B.); (L.P.); (C.L.); (L.B.)
| | - Camille Greco
- Centre des Sciences du goût et de l’Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France; (T.M.); (A.P.); (C.G.); (S.B.); (M.-C.B.); (L.P.); (C.L.); (L.B.)
| | - Sophie Barthet
- Centre des Sciences du goût et de l’Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France; (T.M.); (A.P.); (C.G.); (S.B.); (M.-C.B.); (L.P.); (C.L.); (L.B.)
| | - Marie-Claude Brindisi
- Centre des Sciences du goût et de l’Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France; (T.M.); (A.P.); (C.G.); (S.B.); (M.-C.B.); (L.P.); (C.L.); (L.B.)
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, 14, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Rue Paul Gaffarel, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, 14, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Rue Paul Gaffarel, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Luc Penicaud
- Centre des Sciences du goût et de l’Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France; (T.M.); (A.P.); (C.G.); (S.B.); (M.-C.B.); (L.P.); (C.L.); (L.B.)
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, 14, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Rue Paul Gaffarel, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, 14, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Rue Paul Gaffarel, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Corinne Leloup
- Centre des Sciences du goût et de l’Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France; (T.M.); (A.P.); (C.G.); (S.B.); (M.-C.B.); (L.P.); (C.L.); (L.B.)
| | - Laurent Brondel
- Centre des Sciences du goût et de l’Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France; (T.M.); (A.P.); (C.G.); (S.B.); (M.-C.B.); (L.P.); (C.L.); (L.B.)
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, 14, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Rue Paul Gaffarel, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Agnès Jacquin-Piques
- Centre des Sciences du goût et de l’Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France; (T.M.); (A.P.); (C.G.); (S.B.); (M.-C.B.); (L.P.); (C.L.); (L.B.)
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, 14, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Rue Paul Gaffarel, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-3-80-29-59-02; Fax: +33-3-80-29-33-5
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50
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Choudhary AK, Lee YY. Mechanistic Insights into Aspartame-induced Immune Dysregulation. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401314666181016124250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background & Objective:
Aspartame, (L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester) is a
widely used artificial sweetener but studies raise safety concerns regarding the use of aspartame
metabolites especially methanol. In this review, we aimed to provide mechanistic insights that may
explain aspartame-induced immune dysregulation.
Findings:
While evidence is limited, from the available literature, possible mechanisms for immune
dysfunction associated with aspartame include (1) alterations in bidirectional communication between
neuro-immune-endocrine responses (2) disruption of the brain-gut-microbiota-immune axis (3)
induction of oxidative stress in immune cells and organs and lastly (4) the immune-activation effect
of methanol.
Conclusion:
Further studies are needed to confirm above proposed mechanisms that may explain aspartame-
induce immune dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arbind K. Choudhary
- Department of Physiology, Government Medical College, Shivpuri, (M.P.), India
| | - Yeong Y. Lee
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
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