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Malakar P, Gupta SK, Chattopadhyay D. Role of plant neurotransmitters in salt stress: A critical review. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 211:108601. [PMID: 38696867 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters are naturally found in many plants, but the molecular processes that govern their actions still need to be better understood. Acetylcholine, γ-Aminobutyric acid, histamine, melatonin, serotonin, and glutamate are the most common neurotransmitters in animals, and they all play a part in the development and information processing. It is worth noting that all these chemicals have been found in plants. Although much emphasis has been placed on understanding how neurotransmitters regulate mood and behaviour in humans, little is known about how they regulate plant growth and development. In this article, the information was reviewed and updated considering current thinking on neurotransmitter signaling in plants' metabolism, growth, development, salt tolerance, and the associated avenues for underlying research. The goal of this study is to advance neurotransmitter signaling research in plant biology, especially in the area of salt stress physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paheli Malakar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Santosh K Gupta
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Debasis Chattopadhyay
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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2
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Cheng HY, Wang W, Wang W, Yang MY, Zhou YY. Interkingdom Hormonal Regulations between Plants and Animals Provide New Insight into Food Safety. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4-26. [PMID: 38156955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Food safety has become an attractive topic among consumers. Raw material production for food is also a focus of social attention. As hormones are widely used in agriculture and human disease control, consumers' concerns about the safety of hormone agents have never disappeared. The present review focuses on the interkingdom regulations of exogenous animal hormones in plants and phytohormones in animals, including physiology and stress resistance. We summarize these interactions to give the public, researchers, and policymakers some guidance and suggestions. Accumulated evidence demonstrates comprehensive hormonal regulation across plants and animals. Animal hormones, interacting with phytohormones, help regulate plant development and enhance environmental resistance. Correspondingly, phytohormones may also cause damage to the reproductive and urinary systems of animals. Notably, the disease-resistant role of phytohormones is revealed against neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes. These resistances derive from the control for abnormal cell cycle, energy balance, and activity of enzymes. Further exploration of these cross-kingdom mechanisms would surely be of greater benefit to human health and agriculture development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Yuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Human Development Family Studies, Iowa State University, 2330 Palmer Building, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mu-Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu-Yi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
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Zaid DS, Li W, Yang S, Li Y. Identification of bioactive compounds of Bacillus velezensis HNA3 that contribute to its dual effects as plant growth promoter and biocontrol against post-harvested fungi. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0051923. [PMID: 37811935 PMCID: PMC10715170 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00519-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The current study is an extension to our previous work on the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Bacillus velezensis HNA3 strain, which comes to confirm and reveals the huge stock of active secondary metabolites produced by HNA3. HNA3-emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have demonstrated the capacity to impede the growth of phytopathogens affecting some fruits and vegetables, even in the absence of direct contact. Additionally, these volatiles enhanced soybean seed germination by breaking seed dormancy and inducing root system development. Furthermore, they promoted seedling growth, giving it prominence in soybean cultivation. The relevance of active volatiles derives from the fact that they can be developed as natural-safe biocontrol agents and plant promoters. This research validates the remarkable bioactivities exhibited by the Bacillus velezensis HNA3 and their potential applications in agriculture as an inoculant, encompassing biocontrol, plant growth promotion, and seed germination activities, thereby offering a safer alternative to hazardous chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa S. Zaid
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Desert Research Center, Ain Shams, Egypt
| | - Wenya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Youguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Karki S, Saadaoui M, Dunsing V, Kerridge S, Da Silva E, Philippe JM, Maurange C, Lecuit T. Serotonin signaling regulates actomyosin contractility during morphogenesis in evolutionarily divergent lineages. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5547. [PMID: 37684231 PMCID: PMC10491668 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41178-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that signals through 5-HT receptors to control key functions in the nervous system. Serotonin receptors are also ubiquitously expressed in various organs and have been detected in embryos of different organisms. Potential morphogenetic functions of serotonin signaling have been proposed based on pharmacological studies but a mechanistic understanding is still lacking. Here, we uncover a role of serotonin signaling in axis extension of Drosophila embryos by regulating Myosin II (MyoII) activation, cell contractility and cell intercalation. We find that serotonin and serotonin receptors 5HT2A and 5HT2B form a signaling module that quantitatively regulates the amplitude of planar polarized MyoII contractility specified by Toll receptors and the GPCR Cirl. Remarkably, serotonin signaling also regulates actomyosin contractility at cell junctions, cellular flows and epiblast morphogenesis during chicken gastrulation. This phylogenetically conserved mechanical function of serotonin signaling in regulating actomyosin contractility and tissue flow reveals an ancestral role in morphogenesis of multicellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Karki
- Aix-Marseille Université & CNRS, IBDM-UMR7288 & Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Mehdi Saadaoui
- Aix-Marseille Université & CNRS, IBDM-UMR7288 & Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Valentin Dunsing
- Aix-Marseille Université & CNRS, IBDM-UMR7288 & Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Stephen Kerridge
- Aix-Marseille Université & CNRS, IBDM-UMR7288 & Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Elise Da Silva
- Aix-Marseille Université & CNRS, IBDM-UMR7288 & Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Philippe
- Aix-Marseille Université & CNRS, IBDM-UMR7288 & Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Cédric Maurange
- Aix-Marseille Université & CNRS, IBDM-UMR7288 & Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Lecuit
- Aix-Marseille Université & CNRS, IBDM-UMR7288 & Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France.
- Collège de France, Paris, France.
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5
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Ibrahim S, Ahmad N, Kuang L, Li K, Tian Z, Sadau SB, Tajo SM, Wang X, Wang H, Dun X. Transcriptome analysis reveals key regulatory genes for root growth related to potassium utilization efficiency in rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1194914. [PMID: 37546248 PMCID: PMC10400329 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1194914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Root system architecture (RSA) is the primary predictor of nutrient intake and significantly influences potassium utilization efficiency (KUE). Uncertainty persists regarding the genetic factors governing root growth in rapeseed. The root transcriptome analysis reveals the genetic basis driving crop root growth. In this study, RNA-seq was used to profile the overall transcriptome in the root tissue of 20 Brassica napus accessions with high and low KUE. 71,437 genes in the roots displayed variable expression profiles between the two contrasting genotype groups. The 212 genes that had varied expression levels between the high and low KUE lines were found using a pairwise comparison approach. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional classification analysis revealed that the DEGs implicated in hormone and signaling pathways, as well as glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, were all differently regulated in the rapeseed root system. Additionally, we discovered 33 transcription factors (TFs) that control root development were differentially expressed. By combining differential expression analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) results, four candidate genes were identified as essential hub genes. These potential genes were located fewer than 100 kb from the peak SNPs of QTL clusters, and it was hypothesized that they regulated the formation of the root system. Three of the four hub genes' homologs-BnaC04G0560400ZS, BnaC04G0560400ZS, and BnaA03G0073500ZS-have been shown to control root development in earlier research. The information produced by our transcriptome profiling could be useful in revealing the molecular processes involved in the growth of rapeseed roots in response to KUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sani Ibrahim
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, College of Natural and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Nazir Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lieqiong Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Keqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ze Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Salisu Bello Sadau
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), CAAS), Anyang, China
| | - Sani Muhammad Tajo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), CAAS), Anyang, China
| | - Xinfa Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoling Dun
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Mishra V, Sarkar AK. Serotonin: A frontline player in plant growth and stress responses. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13968. [PMID: 37402164 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin is a well-studied pineal hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter in mammals and is found in varying amounts in diverse plant species. By modulating gene and phytohormonal crosstalk, serotonin has a significant role in plant growth and stress response, including root, shoot, flowering, morphogenesis, and adaptability responses to numerous environmental signals. Despite its prevalence and importance in plant growth and development, its molecular action, regulation and signalling processes remain unknown. Here, we highlight the current knowledge of the role of serotonin-mediated regulation of plant growth and stress response. We focus on serotonin and its regulatory connections with phytohormonal crosstalk and address their possible functions in coordinating diverse phytohormonal responses during distinct developmental phases, correlating with melatonin. Additionally, we have also discussed the possible role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of serotonin biosynthesis. In summary, serotonin may act as a node molecule to coordinate the balance between plant growth and stress response, which may shed light on finding its key regulatory pathways for uncovering its mysterious molecular network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Mishra
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ananda K Sarkar
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Sun L, Zhang P, Liu F, Ju Q, Xu J. Molecular and genetic analyses revealed the phytotoxicity of perfluorobutane sulfonate. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107646. [PMID: 36410239 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) has oily and hydrophobic characteristics similar to those of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), which is an environmental organic pollutant and has gradually become the main substitute for PFOS in industry. Several studies have revealed the potential toxicity of PFBS in animals. PFBS can be taken up and accumulate in plants; however, whether and how PFBS affects plant growth remain largely unclear. A low concentration of PFBS did not affect plant growth, indicating that it had higher environmental safety than other perfluorinated compounds; however, a high concentration of PFBS (>1 mM) markedly inhibited primary root growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. Subsequently, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying plant growth mediated by high concentrations of PFBS. First, a genome-wide transcriptomic analysis revealed that PFBS altered the expression of genes associated with phytohormone signaling pathways. Combining physio-biochemical and genetic analyses, we next demonstrated that PFBS reduced the contents of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA), and disrupted the two signaling pathways in plants, finally inhibiting root growth. Moreover, a high concentration of PFBS also inhibited photosynthesis by comprehensively repressing the expression of genes related to the Calvin cycle and the photosynthetic apparatus. Such an understanding is helpful for elucidating the phytotoxicity of PFBS and provides a new strategy for toxicology research on organic pollutants in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Sun
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Fei Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Qiong Ju
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Jin Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China.
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Zhu B, Zheng S, Fan W, Zhang M, Xia Z, Chen X, Zhao A. Ectopic overexpression of mulberry MnT5H2 enhances melatonin production and salt tolerance in tobacco. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1061141. [PMID: 36507424 PMCID: PMC9733638 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1061141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinization severely inhibits plant growth and has become one of the major limiting factors for global agricultural production. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) plays an important role in regulating plant growth and development and in responding to abiotic stresses. Tryptamine-5-hydroxylase (T5H) is an enzyme essential for the biosynthesis of melatonin in plants. Previous studies have identified the gene MnT5H for melatonin synthesis in mulberry (Morus notabilis), but the role of this gene in response to salinity stress in mulberry is remain unclear. In this study, we ectopically overexpressed MnT5H2 in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and treated it with NaCl solutions. Compared to wild-type (WT), melatonin content was significantly increased in the overexpression-MnT5H2 tobacco. Under salt stress, the expression of NtCAT, NtSOD, and NtERD10C and activity of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and the content of proline (Pro) in the transgenic lines were significantly higher than that in WT. The Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in transgenic tobacco was significantly lower than that of WT. Furthermore, transgenic tobacco seedlings exhibited faster growth in media with NaCl. This study reveals the changes of melatonin and related substance content in MnT5H2-overexpressing tobacco ultimately lead to improve the salt tolerance of transgenic tobacco, and also provides a new target gene for breeding plant resistance to salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sha Zheng
- School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meirong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongqiang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuefei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Aichun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Lu HP, Gao Q, Han JP, Guo XH, Wang Q, Altosaar I, Barberon M, Liu JX, Gatehouse AMR, Shu QY. An ABA-serotonin module regulates root suberization and salinity tolerance. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:958-973. [PMID: 35872572 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Suberin in roots acts as a physical barrier preventing water/mineral losses. In Arabidopsis, root suberization is regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene in response to nutrient stresses. ABA also mediates coordination between microbiota and root endodermis in mineral nutrient homeostasis. However, it is not known whether this regulatory system is common to plants in general, and whether there are other key molecule(s) involved. We show that serotonin acts downstream of ABA in regulating suberization in rice and Arabidopsis and negatively regulates suberization in rice roots in response to salinity. We show that ABA represses transcription of the key gene (OsT5H) in serotonin biosynthesis, thus promoting root suberization in rice. Conversely, overexpression of OsT5H or supplementation with exogenous serotonin represses suberization and reduces tolerance to salt stress. These results identify an ABA-serotonin regulatory module controlling root suberization in rice and Arabidopsis, which is likely to represent a general mechanism as ABA and serotonin are ubiquitous in plants. These findings are of significant importance to breeding novel crop varieties that are resilient to abiotic stresses and developing strategies for production of suberin-rich roots to sequestrate more CO2 , helping to mitigate the effects of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, The Advanced Seed Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jian-Pu Han
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Xiao-Hao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, The Advanced Seed Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Wuxi Hupper Bioseed Technology Institute Ltd, Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Illimar Altosaar
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- Proteins Easy Corp., Kemptville, ON, K0G 1J0, Canada
| | - Marie Barberon
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jian-Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Angharad M R Gatehouse
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Qing-Yao Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, The Advanced Seed Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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García-Valle KM, Ruíz-Herrera LF, Ravelo-Ortega G, López-Bucio JS, Guevara-García ÁA, López-Bucio J. MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE PHOSPHATASE 1 mediates root sensing of serotonin through jasmonic acid signaling and modulating reactive oxygen species. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 323:111396. [PMID: 35878696 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) acts as a neurotransmitter in mammals and is widely distributed in the plant kingdom, where it influences root growth and defense. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) and MAPK phosphatases (MKPs) play critical functions in decoding hormonal signalling, but their possible roles in mediating serotonin responses await investigation. In this report, we unveiled positive roles for the MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE PHOSPHATASE1 (MKP1) in the inhibition of the primary root growth, cell division, meristem structure, and differentiation events in Arabidopsis seedlings. mkp1 mutants were less sensitive to jasmonic acid applications that halted primary root growth in wild-type (WT) plants, and consistently, the neurotransmitter activated the expression of the JASMONATE ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins JAZ1 and JAZ10, two critical proteins orchestrating jasmonic acid signalling. This effect correlated with exacerbated production of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the WT, a process constitutively manifested in mkp1 mutants. These data help to clarify the relationship between serotonin and growth/defense trade-offs, and reveal the importance of the MAPK pathway in root development through ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Monserrat García-Valle
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, CP 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - León Francisco Ruíz-Herrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, CP 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Gustavo Ravelo-Ortega
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, CP 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Jesús Salvador López-Bucio
- Investigador de Cátedras CONACYT, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Ángel Arturo Guevara-García
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, 62250 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - José López-Bucio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, CP 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
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11
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Raza A, Salehi H, Rahman MA, Zahid Z, Madadkar Haghjou M, Najafi-Kakavand S, Charagh S, Osman HS, Albaqami M, Zhuang Y, Siddique KHM, Zhuang W. Plant hormones and neurotransmitter interactions mediate antioxidant defenses under induced oxidative stress in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:961872. [PMID: 36176673 PMCID: PMC9514553 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.961872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Due to global climate change, abiotic stresses are affecting plant growth, productivity, and the quality of cultivated crops. Stressful conditions disrupt physiological activities and suppress defensive mechanisms, resulting in stress-sensitive plants. Consequently, plants implement various endogenous strategies, including plant hormone biosynthesis (e.g., abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroids, indole-3-acetic acid, cytokinins, ethylene, gibberellic acid, and strigolactones) to withstand stress conditions. Combined or single abiotic stress disrupts the normal transportation of solutes, causes electron leakage, and triggers reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, creating oxidative stress in plants. Several enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense systems marshal a plant's antioxidant defenses. While stress responses and the protective role of the antioxidant defense system have been well-documented in recent investigations, the interrelationships among plant hormones, plant neurotransmitters (NTs, such as serotonin, melatonin, dopamine, acetylcholine, and γ-aminobutyric acid), and antioxidant defenses are not well explained. Thus, this review discusses recent advances in plant hormones, transgenic and metabolic developments, and the potential interaction of plant hormones with NTs in plant stress response and tolerance mechanisms. Furthermore, we discuss current challenges and future directions (transgenic breeding and genome editing) for metabolic improvement in plants using modern molecular tools. The interaction of plant hormones and NTs involved in regulating antioxidant defense systems, molecular hormone networks, and abiotic-induced oxidative stress tolerance in plants are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hajar Salehi
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Md Atikur Rahman
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Zainab Zahid
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Madadkar Haghjou
- Department of Biology, Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Shiva Najafi-Kakavand
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sidra Charagh
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hany S. Osman
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Albaqami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuhui Zhuang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Weijian Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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13
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Sun Y, Wang B, Ren J, Zhou Y, Han Y, Niu S, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Zhou J, Yang C, Ma X, Liu X, Luo Y, Jin C, Luo J. OsbZIP18, a Positive Regulator of Serotonin Biosynthesis, Negatively Controls the UV-B Tolerance in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063215. [PMID: 35328636 PMCID: PMC8949417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) plays an important role in many developmental processes and biotic/abiotic stress responses in plants. Although serotonin biosynthetic pathways in plants have been uncovered, knowledge of the mechanisms of serotonin accumulation is still limited, and no regulators have been identified to date. Here, we identified the basic leucine zipper transcription factor OsbZIP18 as a positive regulator of serotonin biosynthesis in rice. Overexpression of OsbZIP18 strongly induced the levels of serotonin and its early precursors (tryptophan and tryptamine), resulting in stunted growth and dark-brown phenotypes. A function analysis showed that OsbZIP18 activated serotonin biosynthesis genes (including tryptophan decarboxylase 1 (OsTDC1), tryptophan decarboxylase 3 (OsTDC3), and tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (OsT5H)) by directly binding to the ACE-containing or G-box cis-elements in their promoters. Furthermore, we demonstrated that OsbZIP18 is induced by UV-B stress, and experiments using UV-B radiation showed that transgenic plants overexpressing OsbZIP18 exhibited UV-B stress-sensitive phenotypes. Besides, exogenous serotonin significantly exacerbates UV-B stress of OsbZIP18_OE plants, suggesting that the excessive accumulation of serotonin may be responsible for the sensitivity of OsbZIP18_OE plants to UV-B stress. Overall, we identified a positive regulator of serotonin biosynthesis and demonstrated that UV-B-stress induced serotonin accumulation, partly in an OsbZIP18-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Sun
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.S.); (B.W.); (J.R.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.N.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.)
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Bi Wang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.S.); (B.W.); (J.R.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.N.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.)
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Junxia Ren
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.S.); (B.W.); (J.R.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.N.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.)
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Yutong Zhou
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.S.); (B.W.); (J.R.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.N.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.)
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Yu Han
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.S.); (B.W.); (J.R.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.N.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.)
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Shuying Niu
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.S.); (B.W.); (J.R.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.N.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.)
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.S.); (B.W.); (J.R.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.N.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.)
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Yuheng Shi
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.S.); (B.W.); (J.R.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.N.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.)
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Junjie Zhou
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.S.); (B.W.); (J.R.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.N.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.)
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Chenkun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Xuemin Ma
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Xianqing Liu
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.S.); (B.W.); (J.R.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.N.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.)
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Yuehua Luo
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.S.); (B.W.); (J.R.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.N.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.)
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.S.); (B.W.); (J.R.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.N.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.)
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- Correspondence: (C.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.S.); (B.W.); (J.R.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.N.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.)
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- Correspondence: (C.J.); (J.L.)
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Qiao X, Ruan M, Yu T, Cui C, Chen C, Zhu Y, Li F, Wang S, Na X, Wang X, Bi Y. UCP1 and AOX1a contribute to regulation of carbon and nitrogen metabolism and yield in Arabidopsis under low nitrogen stress. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:69. [PMID: 34974624 PMCID: PMC11072780 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04036-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) availability is a critical factor for plant development and crop yield, and it closely correlates to carbon (C) metabolism. Uncoupling protein (UCP) and alternative oxidase (AOX) exhibit a strong correlation with N and C metabolism. Here, we investigated the functions of UCP1 and AOX1a using their mutants and complementation lines in Arabidopsis adaptation to low N. Low N markedly increased AOX1a and UCP1 expression, alternative pathway capacity and UCP activity. Eight-day-old aox1a/ucp1 seedlings were more sensitive to low N than Col-0 and single mutants, exhibiting lower primary root length and higher anthocyanin accumulation. The net photosynthetic rate, electron transport rate, PSII actual photochemical efficiency, stomatal conductance and carboxylation efficiency were markedly decreased in ucp1 and aox1a/ucp1 compared to those in Col-0 and aox1a under low N stress; comparatively, chlorophyll content and non-photochemical quenching coefficient were the lowest and highest in aox1a/ucp1, respectively. Nitrate acquisition rate was accelerated in aox1a/ucp1, but its transport activity was decreased, which resulted in low nitrate content and nitrate reductase activity under low N condition. The C/N ratio in seeds, but not in leaves, is higher in aox1a/ucp1 than that in Col-0, aox1a and ucp1 under low N condition. RNA-seq analysis revealed that many genes involved in photosynthesis and C/N metabolism were markedly down-regulated in aox1a/ucp1 under low N stress. These results highlight the key roles of UCP1 and AOX1a in modulating photosynthetic capacity, C/N assimilation and distribution under low N stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjiao Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaiyan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiyun Chen
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzhi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengwang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofan Na
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yurong Bi
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Matsunaga S, Yamasaki Y, Mega R, Toda Y, Akashi K, Tsujimoto H. Metabolome Profiling of Heat Priming Effects, Senescence, and Acclimation of Bread Wheat Induced by High Temperatures at Different Growth Stages. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313139. [PMID: 34884945 PMCID: PMC8658393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study described stage-specific responses of ‘Norin 61’ bread wheat to high temperatures from seedling to tillering (GS1), tillering to flowering (GS2), flowering to full maturity stage (GS3), and seedling to full maturity stage (GS1–3). The grain development phase lengthened in GS1 plants; source tissue decreased in GS2 plants; rapid senescence occurred in GS3 plants; all these effects occurred in GS1–3 plants. The present study quantified 69 flag leaf metabolites during early grain development to reveal the effects of stage-specific high-temperature stress and identify markers that predict grain weight. Heat stresses during GS2 and GS3 showed the largest shifts in metabolite contents compared with the control, followed by GS1–3 and GS1. The GS3 plants accumulated nucleosides related to the nucleotide salvage pathway, beta-alanine, and serotonin. Accumulation of these compounds in GS1 plants was significantly lower than in the control, suggesting that the reduction related to the high-temperature priming effect observed in the phenotype (i.e., inhibition of senescence). The GS2 plants accumulated a large quantity of free amino acids, indicating residual effects of the previous high-temperature treatment and recovery from stress. However, levels in GS1–3 plants tended to be close to those in the control, indicating an acclimation response. Beta-alanine, serotonin, tryptophan, proline, and putrescine are potential molecular markers that predict grain weight due to their correlation with agronomic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Matsunaga
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Cho Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan;
| | - Yuji Yamasaki
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan;
| | - Ryosuke Mega
- Graduate School of Science & Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan;
| | - Yusuke Toda
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;
| | - Kinya Akashi
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Cho Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan;
| | - Hisashi Tsujimoto
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-857-21-7213; Fax: +81-857-29-6199
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16
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Negri S, Commisso M, Avesani L, Guzzo F. The case of tryptamine and serotonin in plants: a mysterious precursor for an illustrious metabolite. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5336-5355. [PMID: 34009335 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Indolamines are tryptophan-derived specialized metabolites belonging to the huge and ubiquitous indole alkaloids group. Serotonin and melatonin are the best-characterized members of this family, given their many hormonal and physiological roles in animals. Following their discovery in plants, the study of plant indolamines has flourished and their involvement in important processes, including stress responses, growth and development, and reproduction, has been proposed, leading to their classification as a new category of phytohormones. However, the complex indolamine puzzle is far from resolved, particularly the biological roles of tryptamine, the early serotonin precursor representing the central hub of many downstream indole alkaloids. Tryptophan decarboxylase, which catalyzes the synthesis of tryptamine, strictly regulates the flux of carbon and nitrogen from the tryptophan pool into the indolamine pathway. Furthermore, tryptamine accumulates to high levels in the reproductive organs of many plant species and therefore cannot be classed as a mere intermediate but rather as an end product with potentially important functions in fruits and seeds. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of tryptamine and its close relative serotonin, emphasizing the need for a clear understanding of the functions of, and mutual relations between, these indolamines and their biosynthesis pathways in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Negri
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, Verona, Italy
| | - Mauro Commisso
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, Verona, Italy
| | - Linda Avesani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, Verona, Italy
| | - Flavia Guzzo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, Verona, Italy
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17
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Schillaci M, Kehelpannala C, Martinez-Seidel F, Smith PMC, Arsova B, Watt M, Roessner U. The Metabolic Response of Brachypodium Roots to the Interaction with Beneficial Bacteria Is Affected by the Plant Nutritional Status. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11060358. [PMID: 34205012 PMCID: PMC8228974 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of plant growth promoting (PGP) bacteria in improving the performance of plants in suboptimal environments is increasingly acknowledged, but little information is available on the mechanisms underlying this interaction, particularly when plants are subjected to a combination of stresses. In this study, we investigated the effects of the inoculation with the PGP bacteria Azospirillum brasilense (Azospirillum) on the metabolism of the model cereal Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) grown at low temperatures and supplied with insufficient phosphorus. Investigating polar metabolite and lipid fluctuations during early plant development, we found that the bacteria initially elicited a defense response in Brachypodium roots, while at later stages Azospirillum reduced the stress caused by phosphorus deficiency and improved root development of inoculated plants, particularly by stimulating the growth of branch roots. We propose that the interaction of the plant with Azospirillum was influenced by its nutritional status: bacteria were sensed as pathogens while plants were still phosphorus sufficient, but the interaction became increasingly beneficial for the plants as their phosphorus levels decreased. Our results provide new insights on the dynamics of the cereal-PGP bacteria interaction, and contribute to our understanding of the role of beneficial microorganisms in the growth of cereal crops in suboptimal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martino Schillaci
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia; (C.K.); (M.W.); (U.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Cheka Kehelpannala
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia; (C.K.); (M.W.); (U.R.)
| | - Federico Martinez-Seidel
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia; (C.K.); (M.W.); (U.R.)
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany;
| | - Penelope M. C. Smith
- Department of Animal, Plant, and Soil Sciences, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia;
| | - Borjana Arsova
- Institute for Bio & Geosciences, Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, 52425 Juelich, Germany;
| | - Michelle Watt
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia; (C.K.); (M.W.); (U.R.)
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia; (C.K.); (M.W.); (U.R.)
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18
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Pachú JKS, Macedo FCO, Malaquias JB, Ramalho FS, Oliveira RF, Franco FP, Godoy WAC. Electrical signalling on Bt and non-Bt cotton plants under stress by Aphis gossypii. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249699. [PMID: 33831084 PMCID: PMC8031172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have developed various mechanisms to respond specifically to each biotrophic attack. It has been shown that the electrical signals emitted by plants are associated with herbivory stress responses and can lead to the activation of multiple defences. Bt cotton is a genetically modified pest-resistant plant that produces an insecticide from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) to control Lepidopteran species. Surprisingly, there is no study-yet, that characterizes the signalling mechanisms in transgenic cotton plants attacked by non-target insects, such as aphids. In this study, we characterized the production of electrical signals on Bt and non-Bt cotton plants infested with Aphis gossypii and, in addition, we characterized the dispersal behaviour of aphids to correlate this behaviour to plant signalling responses. Electrical signalling of the plants was recorded with an extracellular measurement technique. Impressively, our results showed that both Bt and non-Bt cotton varieties, when attacked by A. gossypii, emitted potential variation-type electrical signals and clearly showed the presence of distinct responses regarding their perception and the behaviour of aphids, with evidence of delay, in terms of signal amount, and almost twice the amount of Cry1F protein was observed on Bt cotton plants at the highest density of insects/plant. We present in our article some hypotheses that are based on plant physiology and insect behaviour to explain the responses found on Bt cotton plants under aphid stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica K. S. Pachú
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francynes C. O. Macedo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José B. Malaquias
- Department of Biostatistics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo F. Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Pereira Franco
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wesley A. C. Godoy
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Stovbun SV, Kalinina TS, Zlenko DV, Kiselev AV, Litvin AA, Bukhvostov AA, Usachev SV, Kuznetsov DA. Antiviral potential of plant polysaccharide nanoparticles actuating non-specific immunity. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:743-749. [PMID: 33831450 PMCID: PMC8020621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of high-end targeted drugs and vaccines against modern pandemic infections, such as COVID-19, can take a too long time that lets the epidemic spin up and harms society. However, the countermeasures must be applied against the infection in this period until the targeted drugs became available. In this regard, the non-specific, broad-spectrum anti-viral means could be considered as a compromise allowing overcoming the period of trial. One way to enhance the ability to resist the infection is to activate the nonspecific immunity using a suitable driving-up agent, such as plant polysaccharides, particularly our drug Panavir isolated from the potato shoots. Earlier, we have shown the noticeable anti-viral and anti-bacterial activity of Panavir. Here we demonstrate the pro-inflammation activity of Panavir, which four-to-eight times intensified the ATP and MIF secretion by HL-60 cells. This effect was mediated by the active phagocytosis of the Panavir particles by the cells. We hypothesized the physiological basis of the Panavir proinflammatory activity is mediated by the indol-containing compounds (auxins) present in Panavir and acting as a plant analog of serotonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Stovbun
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana S Kalinina
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Zlenko
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Aleksei V Kiselev
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Litvin
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine FMBA, Russia
| | | | - Sergey V Usachev
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Kuznetsov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; N.I. Pirogov Russian, National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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20
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Melatonin as Master Regulator in Plant Growth, Development and Stress Alleviator for Sustainable Agricultural Production: Current Status and Future Perspectives. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su13010294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin, a multifunctional signaling molecule, is ubiquitously distributed in different parts of a plant and responsible for stimulating several physiochemical responses against adverse environmental conditions in various plant systems. Melatonin acts as an indoleamine neurotransmitter and is primarily considered as an antioxidant agent that can control reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in plants. Melatonin, being a signaling agent, induces several specific physiological responses in plants that might serve to enhance photosynthesis, growth, carbon fixation, rooting, seed germination and defense against several biotic and abiotic stressors. It also works as an important modulator of gene expression related to plant hormones such as in the metabolism of indole-3-acetic acid, cytokinin, ethylene, gibberellin and auxin carrier proteins. Additionally, the regulation of stress-specific genes and the activation of pathogenesis-related protein and antioxidant enzyme genes under stress conditions make it a more versatile molecule. Because of the diversity of action of melatonin, its role in plant growth, development, behavior and regulation of gene expression it is a plant’s master regulator. This review outlines the main functions of melatonin in the physiology, growth, development and regulation of higher plants. Its role as anti-stressor agent against various abiotic stressors, such as drought, salinity, temperatures, UV radiation and toxic chemicals, is also analyzed critically. Additionally, we have also identified many new aspects where melatonin may have possible roles in plants, for example, its function in improving the storage life and quality of fruits and vegetables, which can be useful in enhancing the environmentally friendly crop production and ensuring food safety.
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Akula R, Mukherjee S. New insights on neurotransmitters signaling mechanisms in plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1737450. [PMID: 32375557 PMCID: PMC8570756 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1737450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters (NTs) such as acetylcholine, biogenic amines (dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, histamine), indoleamines [(melatonin (MEL) & serotonin (SER)] have been found not only in mammalians, but also in diverse living organisms-microorganisms to plants. These NTs have emerged as potential signaling molecules in the last decade of investigations in various plant systems. NTs have been found to play important roles in plant life including-organogenesis, flowering, ion permeability, photosynthesis, circadian rhythm, reproduction, fruit ripening, photomorphogenesis, adaptation to environmental changes. This review will provide an overview of recent advancements on the physiological and molecular mechanism of NTs in plants. Moreover, molecular crosstalk of SER and MEL with various biomolecules is also discussed. The study of these NTs may serve as new understanding of the mechanisms of signal transmission and cell sensing in plants subjected to various environmental stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishna Akula
- Bayer Crop Science division, Vegetable R & D Department, Chikkaballapur, India
| | - Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Jangipur College, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
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Erland LAE, Turi CE, Saxena PK, Murch SJ. Metabolomics and hormonomics to crack the code of filbert growth. Metabolomics 2020; 16:62. [PMID: 32335734 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-01684-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plants respond to changes in their environments through hormonal activation of a physiological cascade that redirects metabolic resources and growth. In filberts (Corylus sp.), chelated iron promotes the growth of new shoots but the mechanism(s) are not understood. OBJECTIVES To use untargeted metabolomics and hormonomics approaches to generate novel hypotheses for the morphoregulatory role of ferric ethylenediamine-N,N'-di-(ortho-hydroxyphenyl) acetic acid (Fe-EDDHA) in filbert shoot organogenesis in vitro. METHODS Data were generated using previously optimized standardized untargeted metabolomics protocols with time of flight mass spectrometry. Multivariate statistical tools (principal component and partial least squares discriminant analysis) did not detect significant differences. Discovery tools Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM), multiple linear regression analysis, Bayesian analysis, logical algorithms, machine learning, synthetic biotransformations, targeted hormonomics, and online resources including MetaboAnalyst were used. RESULTS Starch/sucrose metabolism and shikimate pathway metabolites were increased. Dose dependent decreases were found in polyphenol metabolism, specifically ellagic acid and its methylated derivative 3,4,3'-tri-O-methylellagic acid. Hormonomics analysis revealed significant differences in phytohormones and their conjugates. FeEDDHA treatment reduced indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid conjugates (JA-Trp, JA-Ile, OH-JA) and dihydrozeatinglucoside in regenerating explants. Serotonin (5HT) was decreased in FeEDDHA-treated regenerating tissues while the related metabolite melatonin was increased. Eight phenolic conjugates of 5HT and eight catabolites were affected by FeEDDHA indicating that metabolism to sequester, deactivate and metabolize 5HT was induced by Fe(III). Tryptophan was metabolized through kynurenine but not anthranilate. CONCLUSION Seven novel hypotheses were generated to guide future studies to understand the regulatory control(s) of shoot organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A E Erland
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Room 350 Fipke Centre, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Christina E Turi
- Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Praveen K Saxena
- Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Susan J Murch
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Room 350 Fipke Centre, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada.
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Erland LAE, Saxena P. Auxin driven indoleamine biosynthesis and the role of tryptophan as an inductive signal in Hypericum perforatum (L.). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223878. [PMID: 31622392 PMCID: PMC6797091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 60 years since Skoog and Miller first reported the chemical redirection of plant growth the underlying biochemical mechanisms are still poorly understood, with one challenge being the capacity for applied growth regulators to act indirectly or be metabolized to active phytohormones. We hypothesized that tryptophan is metabolized to auxin, melatonin or serotonin inducing organogenesis in St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.). Root explants from two germplasm lines of St. John's wort with altered melatonin metabolism and wildtype were incubated with auxin or tryptophan for 24, 48 or 72 h to induce regeneration. In wildtype, tryptophan had little effect on the indoleamine pathway, and was found to promote primary growth, suggesting excess tryptophan moved quickly through various secondary metabolite pathways and protein synthesis. In lines 4 and 112 tryptophan was associated with modified morphogenesis, indoleamine and auxin levels. Incubation with tryptophan increased shoot organogenesis while incubation with auxin led to root regeneration. The established paradigm of thought views tryptophan primarily as a precursor for auxin and indoleamines, among other metabolites, and mediation of auxin action by the indoleamines as a one-way interaction. We propose that these processes run in both directions with auxin modifying indoleamine biosynthesis and the melatonin:serotonin balance contributing to its effects on plant morphogenesis, and that tryptophan also functions as an inductive signal to mediate diverse phytochemical and morphogenetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. E. Erland
- Department of Plant Agriculture, Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Praveen Saxena
- Department of Plant Agriculture, Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Bioactive Amines Screening in Four Genotypes of Thermally Processed Cauliflower. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080311. [PMID: 31443317 PMCID: PMC6720569 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biogenic amines are important indicators of food quality with recognized antioxidant capacity. Diets that are rich in these compounds promote several benefits for human health, although the consumption in excess may result in food poisoning. This study aims to screen the levels of biogenic amines in four colored cauliflowers, before and after cooking (boiling, steaming, and microwaving). In addition, the levels of tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan, two serotonin precursors, were analyzed. Our results reveal that thermal processing shows a tendency to increase tryptophan levels and reduce 5-hydroxytryptophan in colored cauliflowers. A reduction of the tryptophan and increase in serotonin contents in 'Cheddar', steamed or microwaved, was observed. A higher level of histamine was observed in the genotype 'Forata' after cooking, whereas melatonin levels were higher after steaming and microwaving. The lowest levels of biogenic amines and amino acids were observed in 'Graffiti'. All the colored cauliflowers that were analyzed presented a chemical quality index (CQI) below the pre-established limits, indicating that are safe for consumption, even after cooking. We conclude that the levels of biogenic amines and amino acids in colored cauliflower are safe for human consumption and do not present health risks. Therefore, the consumption of these genotypes, raw or cooked, is a good source of bioactive compounds.
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Park CJ, Armenia SJ, Shaughnessy MP, Greig CJ, Cowles RA. Potentiation of serotonin signaling leads to increased carbohydrate and lipid absorption in the murine small intestine. J Pediatr Surg 2019; 54:1245-1249. [PMID: 30879746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2019.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enteric serotonin influences intestinal homeostasis and functions as a mucosal growth factor. Previously, we demonstrated increased mucosal surface area and enhanced crypt cell proliferation in serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT)-deficient mice. Therefore, we hypothesized that serotonin-mediated mucosal growth would also result in enhanced carbohydrate and lipid absorption. MATERIAL AND METHODS Wild-type C57Bl/6 (WT) and SERT-knockout (SERTKO) mice were fasted then gavaged with D-xylose or boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) FL-C12 medium-chain fatty acid analog. Serum D-xylose and BODIPY concentrations were serially measured from blood drawn at 30 to 360 min post-gavage. Small intestine was harvested from both groups for comparison of morphometric parameters. Area under the curve of plotted graphs was calculated, and means were compared with Student's t-test to a significance of p < 0.05. RESULTS Villus height and crypt depth were significantly greater in the middle and distal small intestine of SERTKO animals compared to WT. Overall absorption of D-xylose and BODIPY was greater in SERTKO animals compared to WT animals. Absorption of D-xylose was persistently elevated in SERTKO animals, while there was an initial delay in BODIPY absorption followed by a sustained and significantly greater absorption in SERTKO animals at 60-360 min after gavage. CONCLUSION Potentiation of serotonin signaling in SERTKO mice results in small intestinal mucosal growth and enhanced carbohydrate and fat absorption in vivo. These functional increases support the concept of targeting the serotonin signaling system to augment intestinal adaptation in the setting of intestinal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine J Park
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery at Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Sarah J Armenia
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery at Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Matthew P Shaughnessy
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery at Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Chasen J Greig
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery at Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Robert A Cowles
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery at Yale University, New Haven, CT.
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Park CJ, Armenia SJ, Zhang L, Cowles RA. The 5-HT4 Receptor Agonist Prucalopride Stimulates Mucosal Growth and Enhances Carbohydrate Absorption in the Ileum of the Mouse. J Gastrointest Surg 2019; 23:1198-1205. [PMID: 30109470 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-018-3907-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enteric serotonin may function as a mucosal growth factor. Previous work demonstrated increased crypt cell proliferation and intestinal mucosal surface area with potentiation of serotonin. While an indirect mechanism was postulated to explain these effects, the presence of 5-HT4 receptors on enterocytes raises the possibility of a direct action of serotonin. We hypothesized that a 5-HT4 specific agonist, prucalopride, would stimulate intestinal mucosal growth and enhance absorptive function in the murine small intestine. METHODS Adult wild-type mice were treated parenterally with prucalopride for 14 days via surgically implanted osmotic pumps. In vivo D-xylose absorption was assessed by oral gavage and serum D-xylose measurements. On day 14, glucose absorption was assessed by instilling a glucose solution into isolated segments of small intestine. The bowel was harvested and examined for morphologic parameters and crypt cell proliferation. RESULTS Villus height, crypt depth, and crypt proliferation were significantly increased in the distal small bowel of prucalopride-treated mice compared with control animals. Crypt depth was also increased in the proximal and middle small intestine in treated mice. There was no difference in D-xylose absorption throughout the study period; however, glucose absorption was significantly increased in the distal small intestine of prucalopride-treated mice. CONCLUSION Parenteral administration of the 5-HT4 receptor specific agonist, prucalopride, results in morphologic and functional changes in the murine small intestine that are most prominent in the distal small bowel. While further studies are necessary to delineate the mechanism, it is plausible that the effects are mediated by 5-HT4 receptors on enterocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine J Park
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery at Yale University, 330 Cedar St, FMB 131, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Sarah J Armenia
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery at Yale University, 330 Cedar St, FMB 131, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Lucy Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery at Yale University, 330 Cedar St, FMB 131, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Robert A Cowles
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery at Yale University, 330 Cedar St, FMB 131, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
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Cereal Root Interactions with Soilborne Pathogens—From Trait to Gene and Back. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9040188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Realizing the yield potential of crop plants in the presence of shifting pathogen populations, soil quality, rainfall, and other agro-environmental variables remains a challenge for growers and breeders worldwide. In this review, we discuss current approaches for combatting the soilborne phytopathogenic nematodes, Pratylenchus and Heterodera of wheat and barley, and Meloidogyne graminicola Golden and Birchfield, 1965 of rice. The necrotrophic fungal pathogens, Rhizoctonia solani Kühn 1858 AG-8 and Fusarium spp. of wheat and barley, also are discussed. These pathogens constitute major causes of yield loss in small-grain cereals of the Pacific Northwest, USA and throughout the world. Current topics include new sources of genetic resistance, molecular leads from whole genome sequencing and genome-wide patterns of hosts, nematode or fungal gene expression during root-pathogen interactions, host-induced gene silencing, and building a molecular toolbox of genes and regulatory sequences for deployment of resistance genes. In conclusion, improvement of wheat, barley, and rice will require multiple approaches.
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Yang L, Wang S, Sun L, Ruan M, Li S, He R, Zhang W, Liang C, Wang X, Bi Y. Involvement of G6PD5 in ABA response during seed germination and root growth in Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:44. [PMID: 30700259 PMCID: PMC6354342 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1647-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH or G6PD) functions in supply of NADPH, which is required for plant defense responses to stresses. However, whether G6PD functions in the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the involvement of the cytosolic G6PD5 in the ABA signaling pathway in Arabidopsis. RESULTS We characterized the Arabidopsis single null mutant g6pd5. Phenotypic analysis showed that the mutant is more sensitive to ABA during seed germination and root growth, whereas G6PD5-overexpressing plants are less sensitive to ABA compared to wild type (WT). Furthermore, ABA induces excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mutant seeds and seedlings. G6PD5 participates in the reduction of H2O2 to H2O in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle. In addition, we found that G6PD5 suppressed the expression of Abscisic Acid Insensitive 5 (ABI5), the major ABA signaling component in dormancy control. When G6PD5 was overexpressed, the ABA signaling pathway was inactivated. Consistently, G6PD5 negatively modulates ABA-blocked primary root growth in the meristem and elongation zones. Of note, the suppression of root elongation by ABA is triggered by the cell cycle B-type cyclin CYCB1. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that G6PD5 is involved in the ABA-mediated seed germination and root growth by suppressing ABI5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengwang Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengjiao Ruan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Sufang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenya Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Cuifang Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810016 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yurong Bi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000 People’s Republic of China
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Erland LAE, Yasunaga A, Li ITS, Murch SJ, Saxena PK. Direct visualization of location and uptake of applied melatonin and serotonin in living tissues and their redistribution in plants in response to thermal stress. J Pineal Res 2019; 66:e12527. [PMID: 30267543 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin and serotonin are important phytochemicals enabling plants to redirect growth in response to environmental stresses. Despite much research on their biosynthetic routes, localization of their biosynthetic enzymes and recent identification of a phytomelatonin receptor, localization of the molecules themselves has to date not been possible. Elucidation of their locations in living tissues can provide an effective tool to facilitate indolamine research across systems including both plants and animals. In this study, we employed a novel technique, quantum dot nanoparticles, to directly visualize melatonin and serotonin in axenic roots. Melatonin was absorbed through epidermal cells, travelled laterally, and accumulated in endodermal and rapidly dividing pericycle cells. Serotonin was absorbed by cells proximal to the crown with rapid polar movement toward the root tip. Thermal stress disrupted localization and dispersed melatonin and serotonin across cells. These data demonstrate the natural movement of melatonin and serotonin in roots directing cell growth and suggest that plants have a mechanism to disperse the indolamines throughout tissues as antioxidants in response to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Yasunaga
- University of British Columbia, Chemistry, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Isaac T S Li
- University of British Columbia, Chemistry, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Susan J Murch
- University of British Columbia, Chemistry, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Praveen K Saxena
- Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Wan J, Zhang P, Wang R, Sun L, Ju Q, Xu J. Comparative physiological responses and transcriptome analysis reveal the roles of melatonin and serotonin in regulating growth and metabolism in Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:362. [PMID: 30563469 PMCID: PMC6299670 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1548-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin and serotonin are well-known signaling molecules that mediate multiple physiological activities in plants, including stress defense, growth, development, and morphogenesis, but their underlying mechanisms have not yet been thoroughly elucidated. In this study, we investigated the roles of melatonin and serotonin in modulating plant growth and defense by integrating physiological and transcriptome analyses in Arabidopsis. RESULTS Moderate concentrations of melatonin and serotonin did not affect primary root (PR) growth but markedly induced lateral root (LR) formation. Both melatonin and serotonin locally induced the expression of the cell-wall-remodeling-related genes LBD16 and XTR6, thereby inducing LR development. Our data support the idea that melatonin and serotonin lack any auxin-like activity. Treatment with 50 μM serotonin significantly improved PSII activity, and the transcriptome data supported this result. Melatonin and serotonin slightly affected glycolysis and the TCA cycle; however, they markedly regulated the catabolism of several key amino acids, thereby affecting carbon metabolism and energy metabolism. Melatonin and serotonin improved iron (Fe) deficiency tolerance by inducing Fe-responsive gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results from the physiological and transcriptome analyses reveal the roles of melatonin and serotonin in modulating plant growth and stress responses and provide insight into novel crop production strategies using these two phytoneurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ruling Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Liangliang Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiong Ju
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Jin Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China.
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Mukherjee S. Novel perspectives on the molecular crosstalk mechanisms of serotonin and melatonin in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 132:33-45. [PMID: 30172851 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Current review focuses on the significant role of serotonin and melatonin in various molecular crosstalk mechanisms in plants. In this context phytohormones (like auxin, gibberellins, ethylene or abscisic acid), plant growth regulators, and associated biomolecules like reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, brassinosteroids and hydrogen sulphide have been discussed in a wider context. Long distance signaling responses of serotonin in association with auxin, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and ABA have been critically reviewed. Auxin-serotonin crosstalk in relation to PIN protein functioning and root growth regulation appears to be a major advancement in the context of phytoserotonin signaling in plants. Auxin and serotonin share structural similarities which bring possibilities of auxin receptors being surrogated for serotonin transport in plants. The modulation of root apex architecture is highly regulative in terms of serotonin-jasmonic acid crosstalk. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) appears to be a primary mediator of serotonin mediated root growth response. Serotonin induced signaling therefore involve ROS, auxin, JA and ethylene action. Although there exists handful of critical reviews on the role of phytomelatonin in plants, recent advancements on its regulatory role in modulating plant hormones, ROS scavenging enzymes, ROS/RNS and glutathione levels need attention. Melatonin signaling associated with nitrogen metabolism and nitrosative stress are recent developments in plants. Interesting relationship between nitric oxide and melatonin has been established in relation with biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Developments in hydrogen sulphide-melatonin signaling in plants are still at its nascent stage but exhibits promising scopes for future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Jangipur College, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, 742213, India.
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Wan J, Zhang P, Sun L, Li S, Wang R, Zhou H, Wang W, Xu J. Involvement of reactive oxygen species and auxin in serotonin-induced inhibition of primary root elongation. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 229:89-99. [PMID: 30055520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The well-known neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) not only regulates sleep and mood in humans and animals but may also play important roles in modulating growth, development, and defense responses, such as seed germination, flowering, and abiotic stress tolerance, in plants. Serotonin inhibits primary root (PR) growth; however, the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying serotonin-mediated PR growth inhibition remain largely unclear. Here, we investigate the effects of serotonin on root growth and development in Arabidopsis. Serotonin inhibits PR elongation by affecting both the meristem and elongation zones. In the meristem zone, serotonin represses both meristem cell division potential and stem cell niche activity. Serotonin induces H2O2 overaccumulation in the elongation zone and reduces O2- accumulation in the meristem zone by a UPB1 pathway, thereby disrupting reactive oxygen species (ROS) equilibrium in root tips, thus resulting in PR growth inhibition. Serotonin also regulates auxin distribution in root tips by decreasing auxin-related gene expression and repressing auxin transport through modulation of AUX1 and PIN2 abundances in root tips. Taken together, our data indicate that high concentrations of serotonin result in stress responses in plants by inhibiting PR elongation through the regulation of H2O2 and O2- distribution in PR tips and through an auxin pathway via the repression of auxin biosynthesis and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liangliang Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Shuang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruling Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Huakun Zhou
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area in Qinghai Province, Xining 810008, China
| | - Wenying Wang
- College of Life Science and Geography, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
| | - Jin Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.
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Riaz HR, Hashmi SS, Khan T, Hano C, Giglioli-Guivarc'h N, Abbasi BH. Melatonin-stimulated biosynthesis of anti-microbial ZnONPs by enhancing bio-reductive prospective in callus cultures of Catharanthus roseus var. Alba. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:936-950. [PMID: 29774759 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1473413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin as plant growth regulator induces differential effects on metabolites that are responsible for reduction, capping and stabilization of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Phytochemical analysis of callus cultures was performed and results were compared with callus cultures supplemented with other plant growth regulators (α-napthalene acetic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid and thidiazuron). Highest total phenolic and flavonoid content [42.23 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE) g-1 DW and 36.4 mg of (quercetin equivalent) g-1 DW, respectively] were recorded at melatonin (1.0 µM) + NAA (13.5 µM). ZnONPs were synthesized from NAA (13.5 µM) and melatonin (1.0 µM) + NAA (13.5 µM)-induced calli extracts separately and characterized via X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of phenolics and flavonoids that were mainly found responsible for reduction and capping of ZnONPs. SEM analysis showed triangular shaped ZnONPs synthesized from melatonin + NAA callus extract and these NPs were more dispersed as compared to the spherical-agglomerates of ZnONPs synthesized from NAA-mediated callus extract. Melatonin + NAA callus extract-mediated ZnONPs (having smaller size) were more potent against multiple drug resistant bacterial strains, e.g. Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by producing zone of inhibitions 17 ± 0.76 mm,10 ± 0.57 mm and 13 ± 0.54 mm, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza Rida Riaz
- a Department of Biotechnology , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Syed Salman Hashmi
- a Department of Biotechnology , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Tariq Khan
- a Department of Biotechnology , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan.,b Department of Biotechnology , University of Malakand , Chakdara Dir Lower , Pakistan
| | - Christophe Hano
- c Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), UPRES EA 1207, Université d'Orléans , Chartres , France
| | | | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- a Department of Biotechnology , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan.,c Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), UPRES EA 1207, Université d'Orléans , Chartres , France.,d EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours , Tours , France
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Erland LAE, Shukla MR, Singh AS, Murch SJ, Saxena PK. Melatonin and serotonin: Mediators in the symphony of plant morphogenesis. J Pineal Res 2018; 64. [PMID: 29149453 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin and serotonin are important signaling and stress mitigating molecules that play important roles across growth and development in plants. Despite many well-documented responses, a systematic investigation of the entire metabolic pathway (tryptophan, tryptamine, and N-acetylserotonin) does not exist, leaving many open questions. The objective of this study was to determine the responses of Hypericum perforatum (L.) to melatonin, serotonin, and their metabolic precursors. Two well-characterized germplasm lines (#4 and 112) created by mutation and a haploid breeding program were compared to wild type to identify specific responses. Germplasm line 4 has lower regenerative and photosynthetic capacity than either wild type or line 112, and there are documented significant differences in the chemistry and physiology of lines 4 and 112. Supplementation of the culture media with tryptophan, tryptamine, N-acetylserotonin, serotonin, or melatonin partially reversed the regenerative recalcitrance and growth impairment of the germplasm lines. Quantification of phytohormones revealed crosstalk between the indoleamines and related phytohormones including cytokinin, salicylic acid, and abscisic acid. We hypothesize that melatonin and serotonin function in coordination with their metabolites in a cascade of phytochemical responses including multiple pathways and phytohormone networks to direct morphogenesis and protect photosynthesis in H. perforatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A E Erland
- Department of Plant Agriculture, Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Mukund R Shukla
- Department of Plant Agriculture, Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Amritpal S Singh
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, BC, Canada
| | - Susan J Murch
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Praveen K Saxena
- Department of Plant Agriculture, Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Das A, Kim DW, Khadka P, Rakwal R, Rohila JS. Unraveling Key Metabolomic Alterations in Wheat Embryos Derived from Freshly Harvested and Water-Imbibed Seeds of Two Wheat Cultivars with Contrasting Dormancy Status. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1203. [PMID: 28747920 PMCID: PMC5506182 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Untimely rains in wheat fields during harvest season can cause pre-harvest sprouting (PHS), which deteriorates the yield and quality of wheat crop. Metabolic homeostasis of the embryo plays a role in seed dormancy, determining the status of the maturing grains either as dormant (PHS-tolerant) or non-dormant (PHS-susceptible). Very little is known for direct measurements of global metabolites in embryonic tissues of dormant and non-dormant wheat seeds. In this study, physiologically matured and freshly harvested wheat seeds of PHS-tolerant (cv. Sukang, dormant) and PHS-susceptible (cv. Baegjoong, non-dormant) cultivars were water-imbibed, and the isolated embryos were subjected to high-throughput, global non-targeted metabolomic profiling. A careful comparison of identified metabolites between Sukang and Baegjoong embryos at 0 and 48 h after imbibition revealed that several key metabolic pathways [such as: lipids, fatty acids, oxalate, hormones, the raffinose family of oligosaccharides (RFOs), and amino acids] and phytochemicals were differentially regulated between dormant and non-dormant varieties. Most of the membrane lipids were highly reduced in Baegjoong compared to Sukang, which indicates that the cell membrane instability in response to imbibition could also be a key factor in non-dormant wheat varieties for their untimely germination. This study revealed that several key marker metabolites (e.g., RFOs: glucose, fructose, maltose, and verbascose), were highly expressed in Baegjoong after imbibition. Furthermore, the data showed that the key secondary metabolites and phytochemicals (vitexin, chrysoeriol, ferulate, salidroside and gentisic acid), with known antioxidant properties, were comparatively low at basal levels in PHS-susceptible, non-dormant cultivar, Baegjoong. In conclusion, the results of this investigation revealed that after imbibition the metabolic homeostasis of dormant wheat is significantly less affected compared to non-dormant wheat. The inferences from this study combined with proteomic and transcriptomic studies will advance the molecular understanding of the pathways and enzyme regulations during PHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayudh Das
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont, BurlingtonVT, United States
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, BrookingsSD, United States
| | - Dea-Wook Kim
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development AdministrationWanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Pramod Khadka
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, BrookingsSD, United States
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of TsukubaTsukuba, Japan
| | - Jai S. Rohila
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, BrookingsSD, United States
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Setyaningsih W, Saputro IE, Palma M, Barroso CG. Optimization of the ultrasound-assisted extraction of tryptophan and its derivatives from rice ( Oryza sativa ) grains through a response surface methodology. J Cereal Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Erland LAE, Turi CE, Saxena PK. Serotonin: An ancient molecule and an important regulator of plant processes. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:1347-1361. [PMID: 27742596 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin is an ancient indoleamine that was presumably part of the life cycle of the first prokaryotic life forms on Earth millions of years ago where it functioned as a powerful antioxidant to combat the increasingly oxygen rich atmosphere. First identified as a neurotransmitter signaling molecule in mammals, it is ubiquitous across all forms of life. Serotonin was discovered in plants many years after its discovery in mammals; however, it has now been confirmed in almost all plant families, where it plays important roles in plant growth and development, including functions in energy acquisition, seasonal cycles, modulation of reproductive development, control of root and shoot organogenesis, maintenance of plant tissues, delay of senescence, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Despite its widespread presence and activity, there are many questions which remain unanswered about the role of serotonin in plants including the mode of signaling and receptor identity as well as the mechanisms of action of this important molecule. This review provides an overview of the role of serotonin in plant life and their ability to adapt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A E Erland
- Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Christina E Turi
- Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Praveen K Saxena
- Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Metabolomics and Cheminformatics Analysis of Antifungal Function of Plant Metabolites. Metabolites 2016; 6:metabo6040031. [PMID: 27706030 PMCID: PMC5192437 DOI: 10.3390/metabo6040031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), primarily caused by Fusarium graminearum, is a devastating disease of wheat. Partial resistance to FHB of several wheat cultivars includes specific metabolic responses to inoculation. Previously published studies have determined major metabolic changes induced by pathogens in resistant and susceptible plants. Functionality of the majority of these metabolites in resistance remains unknown. In this work we have made a compilation of all metabolites determined as selectively accumulated following FHB inoculation in resistant plants. Characteristics, as well as possible functions and targets of these metabolites, are investigated using cheminformatics approaches with focus on the likelihood of these metabolites acting as drug-like molecules against fungal pathogens. Results of computational analyses of binding properties of several representative metabolites to homology models of fungal proteins are presented. Theoretical analysis highlights the possibility for strong inhibitory activity of several metabolites against some major proteins in Fusarium graminearum, such as carbonic anhydrases and cytochrome P450s. Activity of several of these compounds has been experimentally confirmed in fungal growth inhibition assays. Analysis of anti-fungal properties of plant metabolites can lead to the development of more resistant wheat varieties while showing novel application of cheminformatics approaches in the analysis of plant/pathogen interactions.
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Pelagio-Flores R, Ruiz-Herrera LF, López-Bucio J. Serotonin modulates Arabidopsis root growth via changes in reactive oxygen species and jasmonic acid-ethylene signaling. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2016; 158:92-105. [PMID: 26864878 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a bioactive indoleamine with neurotransmitter function in vertebrates, which represents an emerging signaling molecule in plants, playing key roles in the development and defense. In this study, the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and jasmonic acid (JA)-ethylene (Et) signaling in root developmental alterations induced by serotonin was investigated. An Arabidopsis thaliana mutant defective at the RADICAL-INDUCED CELL DEATH1 (RCD1) locus was resistant to paraquat-induced ROS accumulation in primary roots and showed decreased inhibition or root growth in response to serotonin. A suite of JA- and Et-related mutants including coronatine insensitive1, jasmonic acid resistant1 (jar1), etr1, ein2 and ein3 showed tolerance to serotonin in the inhibition of primary root growth and ROS redistribution within the root tip when compared with wild-type (WT) seedlings. Competence assays between serotonin and AgNO3 , a well-known blocker of Et action, showed that primary root growth in medium supplemented with serotonin was normalized by AgNO3 , whereas roots of eto3, an Et overproducer mutant, were oversensitive to serotonin. Comparison of ROS levels in WT, etr1, jar1 and rcd1 primary root tips using the ROS-specific probe 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate and confocal imaging showed that serotonin inhibition of primary root growth likely occurs independently of its conversion into melatonin. Our results provide compelling evidence that serotonin affects ROS distribution in roots, involving RCD1 and components of the JA-Et signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Pelagio-Flores
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, C. P. 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - León Francisco Ruiz-Herrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, C. P. 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - José López-Bucio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, C. P. 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
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Roshchina VV. The Fluorescence Methods to Study Neurotransmitters (Biomediators) in Plant Cells. J Fluoresc 2016; 26:1029-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-016-1791-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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41
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Sullivan KG, Levin M. Neurotransmitter signaling pathways required for normal development in Xenopus laevis embryos: a pharmacological survey screen. J Anat 2016; 229:483-502. [PMID: 27060969 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitters are not only involved in brain function but are also important signaling molecules for many diverse cell types. Neurotransmitters are widely conserved, from evolutionarily ancient organisms lacking nervous systems through man. Here, results are reported from a loss- and gain-of-function survey, using pharmacological modulators of several neurotransmitter pathways to examine possible roles for these pathways in normal embryogenesis. Applying reagents targeting the glutamatergic, adrenergic and dopaminergic pathways to embryos of Xenopus laevis from gastrulation to organogenesis stages, we observed and quantified numerous malformations, including craniofacial defects, hyperpigmentation, muscle mispatterning and miscoiling of the gut. These data implicate several key neurotransmitters in new embryonic patterning roles, reveal novel earlier stages for processes involved in eye development, suggest new targets for subsequent molecular-genetic investigation, and highlight the necessity for in-depth toxicology studies of psychoactive compounds to which human embryos might be exposed during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly G Sullivan
- Biology Department, Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Michael Levin
- Biology Department, Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
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Roshchina VV. New Trends and Perspectives in the Evolution of Neurotransmitters in Microbial, Plant, and Animal Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 874:25-77. [PMID: 26589213 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20215-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionary perspective on the universal roles of compounds known as neurotransmitters may help in the analysis of relations between all organisms in biocenosis-from microorganisms to plant and animals. This phenomenon, significant for chemosignaling and cellular endocrinology, has been important in human health and the ability to cause disease or immunity, because the "living environment" influences every organism in a biocenosis relationship (microorganism-microorganism, microorganism-plant, microorganism-animal, plant-animal, plant-plant and animal-animal). Non-nervous functions of neurotransmitters (rather "biomediators" on a cellular level) are considered in this review and ample consideration is given to similarities and differences that unite, as well as distinguish, taxonomical kingdoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria V Roshchina
- Laboratory of Microspectral Analysis of Cells and Cellular Systems, Institute of Cell Biophysics RAS, Institutskaya Str., 3, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
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Islam J, Shirakawa H, Nguyen TK, Aso H, Komai M. Simultaneous analysis of serotonin, tryptophan and tryptamine levels in common fresh fruits and vegetables in Japan using fluorescence HPLC. FOOD BIOSCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Li P, Zhao C, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wang X, Wang J, Wang F, Bi Y. Calcium alleviates cadmium-induced inhibition on root growth by maintaining auxin homeostasis in Arabidopsis seedlings. PROTOPLASMA 2016; 253:185-200. [PMID: 25837011 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0810-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) toxicity has been widely studied in different plant species. However, the mechanism involved in its toxicity and the cell response to Cd has not been well established. In the present study, we investigated the possible mechanism of calcium (Ca) in protecting Arabidopsis from Cd toxicity. The results showed that 50 μM Cd significantly inhibited the seedling growth and decreased the chlorophyll content in Arabidopsis. Specifically, the primary root (PR) length was decreased but the lateral root (LR) number was increased under Cd stress. Furthermore, Cd enhanced the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and lipid peroxidation as indicated by malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation. Cd also altered the level and the distribution of auxin in PR tips (as evidenced by DR5::GUS and PIN:GFP reporter expression) and the expression of several putative auxin biosynthetic, catabolic, and transport pathway-related genes. Application of 3 mM Ca alleviated the inhibition of Cd on the root growth. Ca application not only led to reducing oxidative injuries but also restoring the normal auxin transport and distribution in Arabidopsis root under Cd stress. Taken together, these results suggest that Ca alleviates the root growth inhibition caused by Cd through maintaining auxin homeostasis in Arabidopsis seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhou Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yurong Bi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
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Tuttle JR, Nah G, Duke MV, Alexander DC, Guan X, Song Q, Chen ZJ, Scheffler BE, Haigler CH. Metabolomic and transcriptomic insights into how cotton fiber transitions to secondary wall synthesis, represses lignification, and prolongs elongation. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:477. [PMID: 26116072 PMCID: PMC4482290 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1708-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The morphogenesis of single-celled cotton fiber includes extreme elongation and staged cell wall differentiation. Designing strategies for improving cotton fiber for textiles and other uses relies on uncovering the related regulatory mechanisms. In this research we compared the transcriptomes and metabolomes of two Gossypium genotypes, Gossypium barbadense cv Phytogen 800 and G. hirsutum cv Deltapine 90. When grown in parallel, the two types of fiber developed similarly except for prolonged fiber elongation in the G. barbadense cultivar. The data were collected from isolated fibers between 10 to 28 days post anthesis (DPA) representing: primary wall synthesis to support elongation; transitional cell wall remodeling; and secondary wall cellulose synthesis, which was accompanied by continuing elongation only in G. barbadense fiber. Results Of 206 identified fiber metabolites, 205 were held in common between the two genotypes. Approximately 38,000 transcripts were expressed in the fiber of each genotype, and these were mapped to the reference set and interpreted by homology to known genes. The developmental changes in the transcriptomes and the metabolomes were compared within and across genotypes with several novel implications. Transitional cell wall remodeling is a distinct stable developmental stage lasting at least four days (18 to 21 DPA). Expression of selected cell wall related transcripts was similar between genotypes, but cellulose synthase gene expression patterns were more complex than expected. Lignification was transcriptionally repressed in both genotypes. Oxidative stress was lower in the fiber of G. barbadense cv Phytogen 800 as compared to G. hirsutum cv Deltapine 90. Correspondingly, the G. barbadense cultivar had enhanced capacity for management of reactive oxygen species during its prolonged elongation period, as indicated by a 138-fold increase in ascorbate concentration at 28 DPA. Conclusions The parallel data on deep-sequencing transcriptomics and non-targeted metabolomics for two genotypes of single-celled cotton fiber showed that a discrete developmental stage of transitional cell wall remodeling occurs before secondary wall cellulose synthesis begins. The data showed how lignification can be transcriptionally repressed during secondary cell wall synthesis, and they implicated enhanced capacity to manage reactive oxygen species through the ascorbate-glutathione cycle as a positive contributor to fiber length. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1708-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Tuttle
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
| | - Gyoungju Nah
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology and Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - Mary V Duke
- USDA ARS Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Unit, Stoneville, MS, 38776, USA.
| | | | - Xueying Guan
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology and Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - Qingxin Song
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology and Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - Z Jeffrey Chen
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology and Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - Brian E Scheffler
- USDA ARS Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Unit, Stoneville, MS, 38776, USA.
| | - Candace H Haigler
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA. .,Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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46
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Hardeland R. Melatonin in plants and other phototrophs: advances and gaps concerning the diversity of functions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:627-46. [PMID: 25240067 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is synthesized in Alphaproteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Dinoflagellata, Euglenoidea, Rhodophyta, Phae ophyta, and Viridiplantae. The biosynthetic pathways have been identified in dinoflagellates and plants. Other than in dinoflagellates and animals, tryptophan is not 5-hydroxylated in plants but is first decarboxylated. Serotonin is formed by 5-hydroxylation of tryptamine. Serotonin N-acetyltransferase is localized in plastids and lacks homology to the vertebrate aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase. Melatonin content varies considerably among species, from a few picograms to several micrograms per gram, a strong hint for different actions of this indoleamine. At elevated levels, the common and presumably ancient property as an antioxidant may prevail. Although melatonin exhibits nocturnal maxima in some phototrophs, it is not generally a mediator of the signal 'darkness'. In various plants, its formation is upregulated by visible and/or UV light. Increases are often induced by high or low temperature and several other stressors including drought, salinity, and chemical toxins. In Arabidopsis, melatonin induces cold- and stress-responsive genes. It has been shown to support cold resistance and to delay experimental leaf senescence. Transcriptome data from Arabidopsis indicate upregulation of genes related to ethylene, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid. Auxin-like actions have been reported concerning root growth and inhibition, and hypocotyl or coleoptile lengthening, but effects caused by melatonin and auxins can be dissected. Assumptions on roles in flower morphogenesis and fruit ripening are based mainly on concentration changes. Whether or not melatonin will find a place in the phytohormone network depends especially on the identification of molecular signals regulating its synthesis, high-affinity binding sites, and signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Hardeland
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Berliner Strasse 28, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
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Erland LAE, Murch SJ, Reiter RJ, Saxena PK. A new balancing act: The many roles of melatonin and serotonin in plant growth and development. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e1096469. [PMID: 26418957 PMCID: PMC4883872 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1096469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin and serotonin are indoleamines first identified as neurotransmitters in vertebrates; they have now been found to be ubiquitously present across all forms of life. Both melatonin and serotonin were discovered in plants several years after their discovery in mammals, but their presence has now been confirmed in almost all plant families. The mechanisms of action of melatonin and serotonin are still poorly defined. Melatonin and serotonin possess important roles in plant growth and development, including functions in chronoregulation and modulation of reproductive development, control of root and shoot organogenesis, maintenance of plant tissues, delay of senescence, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. This review focuses on the roles of melatonin and serotonin as a novel class of plant growth regulators. Their roles in reproductive and vegetative plant growth will be examined including an overview of current hypotheses and knowledge regarding their mechanisms of action in specific responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A E Erland
- Department of Plant Agriculture; University of Guelph; Guelph, Canada
| | - Susan J Murch
- Department of Chemistry; University of British Columbia; Kelowna, Canada
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology; University of Texas Health Center; San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Praveen K Saxena
- Department of Plant Agriculture; University of Guelph; Guelph, Canada
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Jin B, Zhou X, Jiang B, Gu Z, Zhang P, Qian Q, Chen X, Ma B. Transcriptome profiling of the spl5 mutant reveals that SPL5 has a negative role in the biosynthesis of serotonin for rice disease resistance. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 8:18. [PMID: 26029330 PMCID: PMC4449350 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-015-0052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice mutant, spl5 (spotted leaf 5), has spontaneous hypersensitive-like lesions on its leaves and shows enhanced resistance to pathogens, indicating that SPL5 plays a role in programmed cell death (PCD) and disease resistance. To understand the molecular mechanism of SPL5 gene, we investigated the transcriptome profiles of the spl5 mutant leaves with few lesions (FL) and leaves with many lesions (ML) compared to the wild-type (WT) leaves respectively by microarray. RESULTS The data from microarray revealed that 243 and 896 candidate genes (Fold change ≥ 3.0) were up- or down-regulated in the spl5-FL and spl5-ML, respectively, and a large number of these genes involved in biotic defense responses or reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism. Interestingly, according to our microarray and real-time PCR assays, the expressions of a transcription factor OsWRKY14 and genes responsible for the biosynthesis of serotonin, anthranilate synthase (AS), indole-3-glycerolphosphate synthase (IGPS), tryptophan synthase (TS) and tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) were significantly up-regulated in the spl5 mutant. It has been reported previously that TS and TDC expressions are regulated by OsWRKY14 in rice, which raises the possibility that OsWRKY14 regulates serotonin production through the up-regulation of TS and TDC. Our HPLC analysis further confirmed that serotonin levels were higher in the leaves of spl5 mutant than that in WT. CONCLUSIONS Since the serotonin plays a critical role in inducing disease-resistance, the increased serotonin level may contribute, at least partly, to the disease resistance in spl5. The SPL5 gene may act as a negative regulatory factor activating the serotonin metabolic pathway, and these results might provide a new insight into the spl5-induced defense response mechanisms in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jin
- />College of Chemistry & Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004 China
| | - Xinru Zhou
- />College of Chemistry & Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004 China
| | - Baolin Jiang
- />College of Chemistry & Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004 China
| | - Zhimin Gu
- />College of Chemistry & Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004 China
| | - Pinghua Zhang
- />College of Chemistry & Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004 China
| | - Qian Qian
- />China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Xifeng Chen
- />College of Chemistry & Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004 China
| | - Bojun Ma
- />College of Chemistry & Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004 China
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Mukherjee S, David A, Yadav S, Baluška F, Bhatla SC. Salt stress-induced seedling growth inhibition coincides with differential distribution of serotonin and melatonin in sunflower seedling roots and cotyledons. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2014; 152:714-28. [PMID: 24799301 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Indoleamines regulate a variety of physiological functions during the growth, morphogenesis and stress-induced responses in plants. Present investigations report the effect of NaCl stress on endogenous serotonin and melatonin accumulation and their differential spatial distribution in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seedling roots and cotyledons using HPLC and immunohistochemical techniques, respectively. Exogenous serotonin and melatonin treatments lead to variable effect on hypocotyl elongation and root growth under NaCl stress. NaCl stress for 48 h increases endogenous serotonin and melatonin content in roots and cotyledons, thus indicating their involvement in salt-induced long distance signaling from roots to cotyledons. Salt stress-induced accumulation of serotonin and melatonin exhibits differential distribution in the vascular bundles and cortex in the differentiating zones of the primary roots, suggesting their compartmentalization in the growing region of roots. Serotonin and melatonin accumulation in oil body rich cells of salt-treated seedling cotyledons correlates with longer retention of oil bodies in the cotyledons. Present investigations indicate the possible role of serotonin and melatonin in regulating root growth during salt stress in sunflower. Effect of exogenous serotonin and melatonin treatments (15 μM) on sunflower seedlings grown in the absence or presence of 120 mM NaCl substantiates their role on seedling growth. Auxin and serotonin biosynthesis are coupled to the common precursor tryptophan. Salt stress-induced root growth inhibition, thus pertains to partial impairment of auxin functions caused by increased serotonin biosynthesis. In seedling cotyledons, NaCl stress modulates the activity of N-acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (HIOMT; EC 2.1.1.4), the enzyme responsible for melatonin biosynthesis from N-acetylserotonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Mukherjee
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
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Bioactive compounds derived from the yeast metabolism of aromatic amino acids during alcoholic fermentation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:898045. [PMID: 24895623 PMCID: PMC4026967 DOI: 10.1155/2014/898045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolites resulting from nitrogen metabolism in yeast are currently found in some fermented beverages such as wine and beer. Their study has recently attracted the attention of researchers. Some metabolites derived from aromatic amino acids are bioactive compounds that can behave as hormones or even mimic their role in humans and may also act as regulators in yeast. Although the metabolic pathways for their formation are well known, the physiological significance is still far from being understood. The understanding of this relevance will be a key element in managing the production of these compounds under controlled conditions, to offer fermented food with specific enrichment in these compounds or even to use the yeast as nutritional complements.
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