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Lin D, Fu Z, Liu J, Perrone-Bizzozero N, Hutchison KE, Bustillo J, Du Y, Pearlson G, Calhoun VD. Association between the oral microbiome and brain resting state connectivity in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2024; 270:392-402. [PMID: 38986386 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Recent microbiome-brain axis findings have shown evidence of the modulation of microbiome community as an environmental mediator in brain function and psychiatric illness. This work is focused on the role of the microbiome in understanding a rarely investigated environmental involvement in schizophrenia (SZ), especially in relation to brain circuit dysfunction. We leveraged high throughput microbial 16s rRNA sequencing and functional neuroimaging techniques to enable the delineation of microbiome-brain network links in SZ. N = 213 SZ and healthy control subjects were assessed for the oral microbiome. Among them, 139 subjects were scanned by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) to derive brain functional connectivity. We found a significant microbiome compositional shift in SZ beta diversity (weighted UniFrac distance, p = 6 × 10-3; Bray-Curtis distance p = 0.021). Fourteen microbial species involving pro-inflammatory and neurotransmitter signaling and H2S production, showed significant abundance alterations in SZ. Multivariate analysis revealed one pair of microbial and functional connectivity components showing a significant correlation of 0.46. Thirty five percent of microbial species and 87.8 % of brain functional network connectivity from each component also showed significant differences between SZ and healthy controls with strong performance in classifying SZ from healthy controls, with an area under curve (AUC) = 0.84 and 0.87, respectively. The results suggest a potential link between oral microbiome dysbiosis and brain functional connectivity alteration in relation to SZ, possibly through immunological and neurotransmitter signaling pathways and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, supporting for future work in characterizing the role of oral microbiome in mediating effects on SZ brain functional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Lin
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia, Tech, Emory, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States of America.
| | - Zening Fu
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia, Tech, Emory, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States of America
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia, Tech, Emory, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States of America
| | - Nora Perrone-Bizzozero
- Department of neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87109, United States of America
| | - Kent E Hutchison
- Department of psychology and neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America
| | - Juan Bustillo
- Department of psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87109, United States of America
| | - Yuhui Du
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia, Tech, Emory, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States of America
| | - Godfrey Pearlson
- Olin Research Center, Institute of Living Hartford, CT 06102, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, United States of America; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, United States of America
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia, Tech, Emory, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States of America
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Lorenc-Koci E, Górny M, Chwatko G, Kamińska K, Iciek M, Rogóż Z. The effect of phencyclidine-mediated blockade of NMDA receptors in the early postnatal period on glutathione and sulfur amino acid levels in the rat brain as a potential causative factor of schizophrenia-like behavior in adulthood. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:863-877. [PMID: 38904712 PMCID: PMC11294273 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00607-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phencyclidine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, is frequently used to model behavioral and neurochemical changes correlated with schizophrenia in laboratory animals. The present study aimed to examine the effects of repeated administration of phencyclidine during early postnatal development on the contents of glutathione and sulfur-containing amino acids, as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the brain of 12-day-old rats, and schizophrenia-like symptoms in adulthood. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley pups were administered phencyclidine (10 mg/kg) or saline subcutaneously on the postnatal days p2, p6, p9 and p12. In 12-day-old pups, 4 h after the last dose of phencyclidine, the levels of glutathione, cysteine, methionine, and homocysteine, and the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) were measured in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. In 70-72-day-old rats, schizophrenia-like symptoms were assessed using behavioral tests. RESULTS Biochemical data showed that perinatal phencyclidine treatment significantly reduced glutathione and cysteine levels in all brain structures studied, methionine was diminished in the striatum, and homocysteine in both the frontal cortex and striatum. GR activity was increased in the frontal cortex while SODactivity was decreased in the hippocampus. Behaviorally, perinatal phencyclidine induced long-term deficits in social and cognitive function and a decrease in locomotor activity assessed as the time of walking. Finally, perinatal treatment with phencyclidine resulted in a significant reduction in body weight gain over time. CONCLUSION Our research provides further evidence for the usefulness of the phencyclidine-induced neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia for studying the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Lorenc-Koci
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, Kraków, 31-343, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Górny
- The Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 7 Kopernika Street, Kraków, 31-034, Poland
| | - Grażyna Chwatko
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Łódź, 163 Pomorska Street, Łódź, 90-236, Poland
| | - Kinga Kamińska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, Kraków, 31-343, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Iciek
- The Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 7 Kopernika Street, Kraków, 31-034, Poland
| | - Zofia Rogóż
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, Kraków, 31-343, Poland
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Ader L, Schick A, Vaessen T, Morgan C, Kempton MJ, Valmaggia L, McGuire P, Myin-Germeys I, Lafit G, Reininghaus U. The Role of Childhood Trauma in Affective Stress Recovery in Early Psychosis: An Experience Sampling Study. Schizophr Bull 2024; 50:891-902. [PMID: 38366989 PMCID: PMC11283188 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESES Affective recovery, operationalized as the time needed for affect to return to baseline levels after daily stressors, may be a putative momentary representation of resilience. This study aimed to investigate affective recovery in positive and negative affect across subclinical and clinical stages of psychosis and whether this is associated with exposure to childhood trauma (sexual, physical, and emotional abuse). STUDY DESIGN We used survival analysis to predict the time-to-recovery from a daily event-related stressor in a pooled sample of 3 previously conducted experience sampling studies including 113 individuals with first-episode psychosis, 162 at-risk individuals, and 94 controls. STUDY RESULTS Negative affective recovery (ie, return to baseline following an increase in negative affect) was longer in individuals with first-episode psychosis compared with controls (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.71, 95% confidence interval [CI; 1.03, 2.61], P = .04) and in at-risk individuals exposed to high vs low levels of emotional abuse (HR = 1.31, 95% CI [1.06, 1.62], P = .01). Positive affective recovery (ie, return to baseline following a decrease in positive affect) did not differ between groups and was not associated with childhood trauma. CONCLUSIONS Our results give first indications that negative affective recovery may be a putative momentary representation of resilience across stages of psychosis and may be amplified in at-risk individuals with prior experiences of emotional abuse. Understanding how affective recovery contributes to the development of psychosis may help identify new targets for prevention and intervention to buffer risk or foster resilience in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Ader
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anita Schick
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Vaessen
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Psychology, Health & Technology, Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences (BMS), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosciences, Mind Body Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Craig Morgan
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew J Kempton
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Lucia Valmaggia
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ginette Lafit
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Research Group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, Faculty of Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King’s College London, London, UK
- Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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Mana L, Schwartz-Pallejà M, Vila-Vidal M, Deco G. Overview on cognitive impairment in psychotic disorders: From impaired microcircuits to dysconnectivity. Schizophr Res 2024; 269:132-143. [PMID: 38788432 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia's cognitive deficits, often overshadowed by positive symptoms, significantly contribute to the disorder's morbidity. Increasing attention highlights these deficits as reflections of neural circuit dysfunction across various cortical regions. Numerous connectivity alterations linked to cognitive symptoms in psychotic disorders have been reported, both at the macroscopic and microscopic level, emphasizing the potential role of plasticity and microcircuits impairment during development and later stages. However, the heterogeneous clinical presentation of cognitive impairment and diverse connectivity findings pose challenges in summarizing them into a cohesive picture. This review aims to synthesize major cognitive alterations, recent insights into network structural and functional connectivity changes and proposed mechanisms and microcircuit alterations underpinning these symptoms, particularly focusing on neurodevelopmental impairment, E/I balance, and sleep disturbances. Finally, we will also comment on some of the most recent and promising therapeutic approaches that aim to target these mechanisms to address cognitive symptoms. Through this comprehensive exploration, we strive to provide an updated and nuanced overview of the multiscale connectivity impairment underlying cognitive impairment in psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mana
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona 08018, Spain.
| | - M Schwartz-Pallejà
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona 08018, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Science, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona 08018, Spain; Eurecat, Technology Center of Catalonia, Multimedia Technologies, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M Vila-Vidal
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona 08018, Spain; Computational Biology and Complex Systems Group, Department of Physics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - G Deco
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona 08018, Spain; Institució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain.
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Drusko A, Renz M, Schmidt H, Rosin M, Simon J, Beiner E, Charalambides M, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Treede RD, Tost H, Tesarz J. Measuring interpersonal trauma: Development and validation of the German version of the victimization experience schedule (VES). J Psychosom Res 2024; 179:111626. [PMID: 38430794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interpersonal victimization experiences (VEs) significantly affect mental and physical health, particularly in disorders associated with life-time adversities, like fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, assessing VEs comprehensively remains challenging due to limited tools that encompass sub-traumatic events, such as bullying or discrimination, and contextual dimensions. We aimed to address this gap by validating the Victimization Experience Schedule (VES) in German, examining its reliability, and assessing VEs in clinical populations with FMS and MDD. METHODS We investigated the relationship between VEs and clinical symptoms in individuals with FMS, MDD and healthy controls (N = 105) in a case-control study. We also analyzed correlations between different types of VEs and categories of early childhood abuse and posttraumatic-stress-disorder instruments. Additionally, we validated our findings in an independent sample of individuals with FMS (N = 97) from a clinical study. RESULTS We observed excellent inter-rater reliability (Kw = 0.90-0.99), and VEs assessed using the VES were in alignment with subcategories of early childhood abuse. The prevalence of VEs extended beyond the categories covered by traditional survey instruments and was higher in individuals with MDD (4.0 ± 2.6) and FMS (5.9 ± 3.1) compared to controls (1.5 ± 1.7). We consistently identified a significant association between the number of VEs, the associated subjective distress, and clinical scores. Furthermore, distinct correlation patterns between VEs and clinical outcomes emerged across different cohorts. CONCLUSION Our study emphasizes the VES's value in understanding VEs within MDD and FMS. These experiences span from traumatic to sub-traumatic and correlate with posttraumatic-stress and clinical symptoms, underscoring the VES's importance as an assessment tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Drusko
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Malika Renz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Hannah Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany; Department of Neurophysiology, MCTN, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Michelle Rosin
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joe Simon
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Beiner
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Monica Charalambides
- Hammersmith & Fulham Community Rehab, West London NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany; DZPG (German Centre for Mental Health - Partner Site Heidelberg/ Mannheim/ Ulm), Germany
| | - Rolf-Detlef Treede
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany; Department of Neurophysiology, MCTN, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Heike Tost
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany; DZPG (German Centre for Mental Health - Partner Site Heidelberg/ Mannheim/ Ulm), Germany
| | - Jonas Tesarz
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; DZPG (German Centre for Mental Health - Partner Site Heidelberg/ Mannheim/ Ulm), Germany.
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Garro-Núñez D, Picado-Martínez MJ, Espinoza-Campos E, Ugalde-Araya D, Macaya G, Raventós H, Chavarría-Soley G. Systematic exploration of a decade of publications on psychiatric genetics in Latin America. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2024; 195:e32960. [PMID: 37860990 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders have a great impact in terms of mortality, morbidity, and disability across the lifespan. Considerable effort has been devoted to understanding their complex and heterogeneous genetic architecture, including diverse ancestry populations. Our aim was to review the psychiatric genetics research published with Latin American populations from 2010 to 2019, and classify it according to country of origin, type of analysis, source of funding, and other variables. We found that most publications came from Brazil, Mexico, and Colombia. Also, local funds are generally not large enough for genome-wide studies in Latin America, with the exception of Brazil and Mexico; larger studies are often done in collaboration with international partners, mostly funded by US agencies. In most of the larger studies, the participants are individuals of Latin American ancestry living in the United States, which limits the potential for exploring the complex gene-environment interaction. Family studies, traditionally strong in Latin America, represent about 30% of the total research publications. Scarce local resources for research in Latin America have probably been an important limitation for conducting bigger and more complex studies, contributing to the reduced representation of these populations in global psychiatric genetics studies. Increasing diversity must be a goal to improve generalizability and applicability in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniela Ugalde-Araya
- Center for Research in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Gabriel Macaya
- Center for Research in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Henriette Raventós
- Biology School, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Center for Research in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Gabriela Chavarría-Soley
- Biology School, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Center for Research in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
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Lundin NB, Blouin AM, Cowan HR, Moe AM, Wastler HM, Breitborde NJK. Identification of Psychosis Risk and Diagnosis of First-Episode Psychosis: Advice for Clinicians. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:1365-1383. [PMID: 38529082 PMCID: PMC10962362 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s423865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Early detection of psychotic-spectrum disorders among adolescents and young adults is crucial, as the initial years after psychotic symptom onset encompass a critical period in which psychosocial and pharmacological interventions are most effective. Moreover, clinicians and researchers in recent decades have thoroughly characterized psychosis-risk syndromes, in which youth are experiencing early warning signs indicative of heightened risk for developing a psychotic disorder. These insights have created opportunities for intervention even earlier in the illness course, ideally culminating in the prevention or mitigation of psychosis onset. However, identification and diagnosis of early signs of psychosis can be complex, as clinical presentations are heterogeneous, and psychotic symptoms exist on a continuum. When a young person presents to a clinic, it may be unclear whether they are experiencing common, mild psychotic-like symptoms, early warning signs of psychosis, overt psychotic symptoms, or symptoms better accounted for by a non-psychotic disorder. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to provide a framework for clinicians, including those who treat non-psychotic disorders and those in primary care settings, for guiding identification and diagnosis of early psychosis within the presenting clinic or via referral to a specialty clinic. We first provide descriptions and examples of first-episode psychosis (FEP) and psychosis-risk syndromes, as well as assessment tools used to diagnose these conditions. Next, we provide guidance as to the differential diagnosis of conditions which have phenotypic overlap with psychotic disorders, while considering the possibility of co-occurring symptoms in which case transdiagnostic treatments are encouraged. Finally, we conclude with an overview of early detection screening and outreach campaigns, which should be further optimized to reduce the duration of untreated psychosis among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy B Lundin
- Early Psychosis Intervention Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alexandra M Blouin
- Early Psychosis Intervention Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Henry R Cowan
- Early Psychosis Intervention Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Aubrey M Moe
- Early Psychosis Intervention Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Heather M Wastler
- Early Psychosis Intervention Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nicholas J K Breitborde
- Early Psychosis Intervention Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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8
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Korann V, Thonse U, Garani R, Jacob A, Ramkiran S, Praharaj SK, Bharath RD, Kumar V, Varambally S, Venkatasubramanian G, Rao NP. Association between urban upbringing and functional brain connectivity in schizophrenia. Indian J Psychiatry 2024; 66:71-81. [PMID: 38419936 PMCID: PMC10898520 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_560_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental factors considerably influence the development of the human cortex during the perinatal period, early childhood, and adolescence. Urban upbringing in the first 15 years of life is a known risk factor for schizophrenia (SCZ). Though the risk of urban birth and upbringing is well-examined from an epidemiological perspective, the biological mechanisms underlying urban upbringing remain unknown. The effect of urban birth and upbringing on functional brain connectivity in SCZ patients is not yet examined. Methods This is a secondary data analysis of three studies that included 87 patients with SCZ and 70 healthy volunteers (HV) aged 18 to 50 years. We calculated the developmental urbanicity index using a validated method in earlier studies. Following standard pre-processing of resting functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans, seed-return on investment (ROI) functional connectivity analysis was performed. Results The results showed a significant association between urban birth and upbringing on functional connectivity in SCZ patients and HV (P < 0.05). In SCZ patients, connections from the right caudate, anterior cingulate cortex, left and right intracalcarine cortices, left and right lingual gyri, left posterior parahippocampal cortex to the cerebellum, fusiform gyri, lateral occipital cortex, and amygdala were significantly associated with the urbanicity index (P < 0.05). Conclusions These study findings suggest a significant association between urban birth and upbringing on functional brain connectivity in regions involved in reward processing and social cognition in SCZ. Assessment of social cognition could have implications in developing an in-depth understanding of this impairment in persons with SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittal Korann
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Umesh Thonse
- Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ranjini Garani
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Arpitha Jacob
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shukti Ramkiran
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Samir K. Praharaj
- Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Rose D. Bharath
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shivarama Varambally
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ganesan Venkatasubramanian
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Naren P. Rao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Lin D, Fu Z, Liu J, Perrone-Bizzozero N, Hutchison KE, Bustillo J, Du Y, Pearlson G, Calhoun VD. Association between the oral microbiome and brain resting state connectivity in schizophrenia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.22.573165. [PMID: 38234846 PMCID: PMC10793457 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.22.573165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Recent microbiome-brain axis findings have shown evidence of the modulation of microbiome community as an environmental mediator in brain function and psychiatric illness. This work is focused on the role of the microbiome in understanding a rarely investigated environmental involvement in schizophrenia (SZ), especially in relation to brain circuit dysfunction. We leveraged high throughput microbial 16s rRNA sequencing and functional neuroimaging techniques to enable the delineation of microbiome-brain network links in SZ. N=213 SZ and healthy control (HC) subjects were assessed for the oral microbiome. Among them, 139 subjects were scanned by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) to derive brain functional connectivity. We found a significant microbiome compositional shift in SZ beta diversity (weighted UniFrac distance, p= 6×10 -3 ; Bray-Curtis distance p = 0.021). Fourteen microbial species involving pro-inflammatory and neurotransmitter signaling and H 2 S production, showed significant abundance alterations in SZ. Multivariate analysis revealed one pair of microbial and functional connectivity components showing a significant correlation of 0.46. Thirty five percent of microbial species and 87.8% of brain functional network connectivity from each component also showed significant differences between SZ and HC with strong performance in classifying SZ from HC, with an area under curve (AUC) = 0.84 and 0.87, respectively. The results suggest a potential link between oral microbiome dysbiosis and brain functional connectivity alteration in relation to SZ, possibly through immunological and neurotransmitter signaling pathways and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, supporting for future work in characterizing the role of oral microbiome in mediating effects on SZ brain functional activity.
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Yang K, Ayala-Grosso C, Bhattarai JP, Sheriff A, Takahashi T, Cristino AS, Zelano C, Ma M. Unraveling the Link between Olfactory Deficits and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. J Neurosci 2023; 43:7501-7510. [PMID: 37940584 PMCID: PMC10634556 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1380-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Smell loss has caught public attention during the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Research on olfactory function in health and disease gains new momentum. Smell deficits have long been recognized as an early clinical sign associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Here we review research on the associations between olfactory deficits and neuropathological conditions, focusing on recent progress in four areas: (1) human clinical studies of the correlations between smell deficits and neuropsychiatric disorders; (2) development of olfactory mucosa-derived tissue and cell models for studying the molecular pathologic mechanisms; (3) recent findings in brain imaging studies of structural and functional connectivity changes in olfactory pathways in neuropsychiatric disorders; and (4) application of preclinical animal models to validate and extend the findings from human subjects. Together, these studies have provided strong evidence of the link between the olfactory system and neuropsychiatric disorders, highlighting the relevance of deepening our understanding of the role of the olfactory system in pathophysiological processes. Following the lead of studies reviewed here, future research in this field may open the door to the early detection of neuropsychiatric disorders, personalized treatment approaches, and potential therapeutic interventions through nasal administration techniques, such as nasal brush or nasal spray.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Carlos Ayala-Grosso
- Unit of Cellular Therapy, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Caracas, 1020-A, Venezuela
- Unit of Advanced Therapies, Instituto Distrital de Ciencia Biotecnología e Innovación en Salud, Bogotá, Colombia 111-611
| | - Janardhan P Bhattarai
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Andrew Sheriff
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Alexandre S Cristino
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Christina Zelano
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Minghong Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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11
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Lee SC, DelPozo-Banos M, Lloyd K, Jones I, Walters JTR, John A. Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in incidence of severe mental illness - A population-based linkage study using primary and secondary care routinely collected data between 2000 and 2017. Schizophr Res 2023; 260:113-122. [PMID: 37634386 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In 2008, the UK entered a period of economic recession followed by sustained austerity measures. We investigate changes in inequalities by area deprivation and urbanicity in incidence of severe mental illness (SMI, including schizophrenia-related disorders and bipolar disorder) between 2000 and 2017. METHODS We analysed 4.4 million individuals from primary and secondary care routinely collected datasets (2000-2017) in Wales and estimated the incidence of SMI by deprivation and urbanicity measured by the Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation (WIMD) and urban/rural indicator respectively. Using linear modelling and joinpoint regression approaches, we examined time trends of the incidence and incidence rate ratios (IRR) of SMI by the WIMD and urban/rural indicator adjusted for available confounders. RESULTS We observed a turning point of time trends of incidence of SMI at 2008/2009 where slope changes of time trends were significantly increasing. IRRs by deprivation/urbanicity remained stable or significantly decreased over the study period except for those with bipolar disorder sourced from secondary care settings, with increasing trend of IRRs (increase in IRR by deprivation after 2010: 1.6 % per year, 95 % CI: 1.0 %-2.2 %; increase in IRR by urbanicity 1.0 % per year, 95 % CI: 0.6 %-1.3 %). CONCLUSIONS There was an association between recession/austerity and an increase in the incidence of SMI over time. There were variations in the effects of deprivation/urbanicity on incidence of SMI associated with short- and long-term socioeconomic change. These findings may support targeted interventions and social protection systems to reduce incidence of SMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Chim Lee
- DATAMIND at HDRUK, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK,; National Centre for Mental Health. Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Marcos DelPozo-Banos
- DATAMIND at HDRUK, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK,; National Centre for Mental Health. Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Keith Lloyd
- DATAMIND at HDRUK, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK,; National Centre for Mental Health. Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Ian Jones
- National Centre for Mental Health. Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics. School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - James T R Walters
- DATAMIND at HDRUK, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK,; National Centre for Mental Health. Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics. School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Ann John
- DATAMIND at HDRUK, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK,; National Centre for Mental Health. Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
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12
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Robinson N, Ploner A, Leone M, Lichtenstein P, Kendler KS, Bergen SE. Impact of Early-Life Factors on Risk for Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:768-777. [PMID: 36946500 PMCID: PMC10154720 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) have shared genetic risk and clinical symptoms, yet the extent to which environmental risk factors are shared is not well known. We aimed to examine the associations of early-life environmental exposures with the risk of SCZ and BD. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a Swedish register-based nested case-control study using 4184 SCZ and 18 681 BD cases diagnosed 1988-2013, individually matched to 5 population-based controls by birth year, sex and birthplace. Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the risk of SCZ and BD by seasonality, severe prenatal infections, and perinatal factors. STUDY RESULTS Seasonality had similar patterns of risk for both disorders: Higher risk for births November-December; lower risk April-June. Experiencing any perinatal factor was associated with a significantly higher risk of SCZ (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.19, 95%CI 1.11-1.63) and to a lesser extent BD (IRR 1.08, 95%CI 1.05-1.12). Prenatal infections were only associated with a greater risk of SCZ (IRR 1.30, 95%CI 1.04-1.63). In the mutually adjusted model, only perinatal factors were associated with outcomes. Several perinatal factors were associated with both disorders, but estimates were significantly higher for SCZ for low birth weight, low APGAR, and high parity. Congenital malformations were only associated with risk of SCZ, and jaundice with BD. CONCLUSIONS Adverse perinatal factors and winter birth were the risk factors for both disorders, while severe prenatal infections were only risk a factor for SCZ. Early-life exposures were associated with a higher risk of both disorders, but may play a larger role in the development of SCZ than BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natassia Robinson
- Department of Medical Epidemiologiy and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Ploner
- Department of Medical Epidemiologiy and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marica Leone
- Department of Medical Epidemiologiy and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Solna, Sweden
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiologiy and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sarah E Bergen
- Department of Medical Epidemiologiy and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Schick A, van Winkel R, Lin BD, Luykx JJ, de Zwarte SM, van Eijk KR, Myin-Germeys I, Reininghaus U. Polygenic risk, familial liability and stress reactivity in psychosis: an experience sampling study. Psychol Med 2023; 53:2798-2807. [PMID: 34991751 PMCID: PMC10235643 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721004761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence for a polygenic contribution to psychosis. One targetable mechanism through which polygenic variation may impact on individuals and interact with the social environment is stress sensitization, characterized by elevated reactivity to minor stressors in daily life. The current study aimed to investigate whether stress reactivity is modified by polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (PRS) in cases with enduring non-affective psychotic disorder, first-degree relatives of cases, and controls. METHODS We used the experience sampling method to assess minor stressors, negative affect, positive affect and psychotic experiences in 96 cases, 79 first-degree relatives, i.e. siblings, and 73 controls at wave 3 of the Dutch Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) study. Genome-wide data were collected at baseline to calculate PRS. RESULTS We found that associations of momentary stress with psychotic experiences, but not with negative and positive affect, were modified by PRS and group (all pFWE<0.001). In contrast to our hypotheses, siblings with high PRS reported less intense psychotic experiences in response to momentary stress compared to siblings with low PRS. No differences in magnitude of these associations were observed in cases with high v. low level of PRS. By contrast, controls with high PRS showed more intense psychotic experiences in response to stress compared to those with low PRS. CONCLUSIONS This tentatively suggests that polygenic risk may operate in different ways than previously assumed and amplify reactivity to stress in unaffected individuals but operate as a resilience factor in relatives by attenuating their stress reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Schick
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ruud van Winkel
- KU Leuven, Department of Neuroscience, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Clinical Psychiatry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bochao D. Lin
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jurjen J. Luykx
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Second Opinion Outpatient Clinic, GGNet, Warnsveld, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja M.C. de Zwarte
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kristel R. van Eijk
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - GROUP Investigators
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- KU Leuven, Department of Neuroscience, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
- Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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14
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Peedicayil J. Genome-Environment Interactions and Psychiatric Disorders. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041209. [PMID: 37189827 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors are known to interact with the genome by altering epigenetic mechanisms regulating gene expression and contributing to the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. This article is a narrative review of how the major environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis of common psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and anxiety disorder this way. The cited articles were published between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2022 and were obtained from PubMed and Google Scholar. The search terms used were as follows: gene or genetic; genome; environment; mental or psychiatric disorder; epigenetic; and interaction. The following environmental factors were found to act epigenetically on the genome to influence the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders: social determinants of mental health, maternal prenatal psychological stress, poverty, migration, urban dwelling, pregnancy and birth complications, alcohol and substance abuse, microbiota, and prenatal and postnatal infections. The article also discusses the ways by which factors such as drugs, psychotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy, and physical exercise act epigenetically to alleviate the symptoms of psychiatric disorders in affected patients. These data will be useful information for clinical psychiatrists and those researching the pathogenesis and treatment of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Peedicayil
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632 002, India
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15
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Zahra Rami F, Kim WS, Shen J, Tsogt U, Odkhuu S, Cheraghi S, Kang C, Chung YC. Differential effects of parental socioeconomic status on cortical thickness in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and healthy controls. Neurosci Lett 2023; 804:137239. [PMID: 37031942 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Widespread changes in cortical thickness (CT) have been repeatedly reported in schizophrenia (SZ). The nature of the pathophysiologic process underlying such changes remains to be elucidated. The aims of the present study were to measure the CT; evaluate parent socioeconomic status (pSES), childhood trauma (ChT) and premorbid adjustment (PA) in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs); and investigate group differences in CT (i.e., SSD vs. healthy controls (HCs)), pSES, PA, and/or ChT, as well as the interactions among these factors. METHODS 164 patients with SSD and 245 age-, sex- and education-matched healthy controls have participated. The pSES, ChT and PA were evaluated using Korean version of Polyenvironmental Risk Score, Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form and Premorbid Adjustment Scale, respectively. Vertex-wise measure of CT was estimated using the FreeSurfer. To investigate the main effects and interactions, multilevel regression was employed. RESULTS We found widespread cortical thinning in patients with SSDs compared to HCs. The cortical thinning was associated with ChT, symptom severity and chlorpromazine equivalent dose and duration of illness in patients. In multilevel regression, main effects of group and pSES and interaction between group and pSES were found whereas a significant interaction between ChT and CPZ equivalent was found in patients. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that compared to HCs, patients with SSDs have cortical structural abnormalities, and that group and pSES interaction determines CT. Further studies are needed to explore the effects of psychosocial factors on brain structural and functional abnormalities in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Zahra Rami
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University and Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Sung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University and Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University and Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Uyanga Tsogt
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University and Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyolsaikhan Odkhuu
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University and Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sahar Cheraghi
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University and Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaeyeong Kang
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University and Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University and Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
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16
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O’Hare K, Watkeys O, Whitten T, Dean K, Laurens KR, Tzoumakis S, Harris F, Carr VJ, Green MJ. Cumulative Environmental Risk in Early Life: Associations With Schizotypy in Childhood. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:244-254. [PMID: 36302227 PMCID: PMC10016419 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Psychotic disorders are associated with a growing number of recognized environmental exposures. Cumulative exposure to multiple environmental risk factors in childhood may contribute to the development of different patterns of schizotypy evident in early life. Hypotheses were that distinct profiles of schizotypy would have differential associations with a cumulative score of environmental risk factors. STUDY DESIGN We prospectively examined the relationship between 19 environmental exposures (which had demonstrated replicated associations with psychosis) measured from the prenatal period through to age 11 years, and 3 profiles of schizotypy in children (mean age = 11.9 years, n = 20 599) that have been established in population data from the New South Wales-Child Development Study. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine associations between membership in each of 3 schizotypy profiles (true schizotypy, introverted schizotypy, and affective schizotypy) and exposure to a range of 19 environmental risk factors for psychosis (both individually and summed as a cumulative environmental risk score [ERS]), relative to children showing no risk. RESULTS Almost all environmental factors were associated with at least 1 schizotypy profile. The cumulative ERS was most strongly associated with the true schizotypy profile (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.52-1.70), followed by the affective (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.28-1.38), and introverted (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.28-1.37) schizotypy profiles. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with the cumulative risk hypothesis, results indicate that an increased number of risk exposures is associated with an increased likelihood of membership in the 3 schizotypy profiles identified in middle childhood, relative to children with no schizotypy profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstie O’Hare
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Oliver Watkeys
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tyson Whitten
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Social Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kimberlie Dean
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristin R Laurens
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Psychology and Counselling, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stacy Tzoumakis
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Felicity Harris
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vaughan J Carr
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melissa J Green
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
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Santarriaga S, Gerlovin K, Layadi Y, Karmacharya R. Human stem cell-based models to study synaptic dysfunction and cognition in schizophrenia: A narrative review. Schizophr Res 2023:S0920-9964(23)00084-1. [PMID: 36925354 PMCID: PMC10500041 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is the strongest predictor of functional outcomes in schizophrenia and is hypothesized to result from synaptic dysfunction. However, targeting synaptic plasticity and cognitive deficits in patients remains a significant clinical challenge. A comprehensive understanding of synaptic plasticity and the molecular basis of learning and memory in a disease context can provide specific targets for the development of novel therapeutics targeting cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. Here, we describe the role of synaptic plasticity in cognition, summarize evidence for synaptic dysfunction in schizophrenia and demonstrate the use of patient derived induced-pluripotent stem cells for studying synaptic plasticity in vitro. Lastly, we discuss current advances and future technologies for bridging basic science research of synaptic dysfunction with clinical and translational research that can be used to predict treatment response and develop novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Santarriaga
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Chemical Biology and Therapeutic Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaia Gerlovin
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Chemical Biology and Therapeutic Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yasmine Layadi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Chimie ParisTech, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France
| | - Rakesh Karmacharya
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Chemical Biology and Therapeutic Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
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18
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Schmitt A, Falkai P, Papiol S. Neurodevelopmental disturbances in schizophrenia: evidence from genetic and environmental factors. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:195-205. [PMID: 36370183 PMCID: PMC9660136 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02567-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Since more than 3 decades, schizophrenia (SZ) has been regarded as a neurodevelopmental disorder. The neurodevelopmental hypothesis proposes that SZ is associated with genetic and environmental risk factors, which influence connectivity in neuronal circuits during vulnerable developmental periods. We carried out a non-systematic review of genetic/environmental factors that increase SZ risk in light of its neurodevelopmental hypothesis. We also reviewed the potential impact of SZ-related environmental and genetic risk factors on grey and white matter pathology and brain function based on magnetic resonance imaging and post-mortem studies. Finally, we reviewed studies that have used patient-derived neuronal models to gain knowledge of the role of genetic and environmental factors in early developmental stages. Taken together, these studies indicate that a variety of environmental factors may interact with genetic risk factors during the pre- or postnatal period and/or during adolescence to induce symptoms of SZ in early adulthood. These risk factors induce disturbances of macro- and microconnectivity in brain regions involving the prefrontal, temporal and parietal cortices and the hippocampus. On the molecular and cellular level, a disturbed synaptic plasticity, loss of oligodendrocytes and impaired myelination have been shown in brain regions of SZ patients. These cellular/histological phenotypes are related to environmental risk factors such as obstetric complications, maternal infections and childhood trauma and genetic risk factors identified in recent genome-wide association studies. SZ-related genetic risk may contribute to active processes interfering with synaptic plasticity in the adult brain. Advances in stem cell technologies are providing promising mechanistic insights into how SZ risk factors impact the developing brain. Further research is needed to understand the timing of the different complex biological processes taking place as a result of the interplay between genetic and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, Munich, Germany
| | - Sergi Papiol
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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19
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Corrone M, Ratnayake R, de Oliveira N, Jaehne EJ, van den Buuse M. Methamphetamine-induced locomotor sensitization in mice is not associated with deficits in a range of cognitive, affective and social behaviours: interaction with brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met genotype. Behav Pharmacol 2023; 34:20-36. [PMID: 36373697 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic methamphetamine (Meth) abuse may induce psychosis similar to that observed in schizophrenia. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in the development of psychosis. We have previously shown long-term protein expression changes in mice treated chronically with Meth depending on BDNF Val66Met genotype. The aim of this study was to investigate if these protein expression changes were associated with differential changes in a range of behavioural paradigms for cognition, anxiety, social and other behaviours. Male and female Val/Val, Val/Met and Met/Met mice were treated with an escalating Meth dose protocol from 6 to 9 weeks of age, with controls receiving saline injections. Several overlapping cohorts were tested in the Y-maze for short-term spatial memory, novel-object recognition test, context and cued fear conditioning, sociability and social preference, elevated plus maze for anxiety-like behaviour and prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle. Finally, the animals were assessed for spontaneous exploratory locomotor activity and acute Meth-induced locomotor hyperactivity. Acute Meth caused significantly greater locomotor hyperactivity in mice previously treated with the drug than in saline-pretreated controls. Meth-pretreated female mice showed a mild increase in spontaneous locomotor activity. There were no Meth-induced deficits in any of the other behavioural tests. Val/Met mice showed higher overall social investigation time and lower PPI compared with the Val/Val genotype independent of pretreatment. These results show limited long-term effects of chronic Meth on a range of cognitive, affective and social behaviours despite marked drug-induced locomotor sensitization in mice. There was no interaction with BDNF Val66Met genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Corrone
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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20
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Lu AKM, Lin JJ, Tseng HH, Wang XY, Jang FL, Chen PS, Huang CC, Hsieh S, Lin SH. DNA methylation signature aberration as potential biomarkers in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: Constructing a methylation risk score using a machine learning method. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 157:57-65. [PMID: 36442407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is defined as a non-response to at least two trials of antipsychotic medication with an adequate dose and duration. We aimed to evaluate the discriminant abilities of DNA methylation probes and methylation risk score between treatment-resistant schizophrenia and non-treatment-resistant schizophrenia. This study recruited 96 schizophrenia patients (TRS and non-TRS) and 56 healthy controls (HC). Participants were divided into a discovery set and a validation set. In the discovery set, we conducted genome-wide methylation analysis (human MethylationEPIC 850K BeadChip) on the subject's blood DNA and discriminated significant methylation signatures, then verified these methylation signatures in the validation set. Based on genome-wide scans of TRS versus non-TRS, thirteen differentially methylated probes were identified at FDR <0.05 and >20% differences in DNA methylation β-values. Next, we selected six probes within gene coding regions (LOC404266, LOXL2, CERK, CHMP7, and SLC17A9) to conduct verification in the validation set using quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP). These six methylation probes showed satisfactory discrimination between TRS patients and non-TRS patients, with an AUC ranging from 0.83 to 0.92, accuracy ranging from 77.8% to 87.3%, sensitivity ranging from 80% to 90%, and specificity ranging from 65.6% to 85%. This methylation risk score model showed satisfactory discrimination between TRS patients and non-TRS patients, with an accuracy of 88.3%. These findings support that methylation signatures may be used as an indicator of TRS vulnerability and provide a model for the clinical use of methylation to identify TRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Ke-Ming Lu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Jia Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Hsuan Tseng
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Xin-Yu Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Fong-Lin Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-See Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chun Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Shulan Hsieh
- Department of Psychology, College of Social Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsiang Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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21
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Domínguez-Martínez T, Sheinbaum T, Fresán A, Nieto L, López SR, Robles R, Lara MDC, de la Fuente-Sandoval C, Barrantes-Vidal N, Saracco R, Franco-Paredes K, Díaz-Reséndiz F, Rosel M. Psychosocial factors associated with the risk of developing psychosis in a Mexican general population sample. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1095222. [PMID: 36873227 PMCID: PMC9979221 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1095222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence has linked an array of sociodemographic and psychosocial factors with an increased risk of developing psychosis. However, research in samples from low- and middle-income countries is still scarce. This study used a Mexican sample to explore (i) sociodemographic and psychosocial differences between individuals with and without a positive screen for Clinical High-Risk for psychosis (CHR), and (ii) sociodemographic and psychosocial factors associated with screening positive for CHR. The sample consisted of 822 individuals from the general population who completed an online survey. Of the participants, 17.3% (n = 142) met the CHR screening criteria. Comparisons between those who screened positive (CHR-positive group) and those who did not (Non-CHR group) showed that participants in the CHR-positive group were younger, had a lower educational level, and reported more mental health problems than the Non-CHR group. Furthermore, relative to the Non-CHR group, the CHR-positive group had a greater prevalence of medium/high risk associated with cannabis use, a higher prevalence of adverse experiences (bullying, intimate partner violence, and experiencing a violent or unexpected death of a relative or friend), as well as higher levels of childhood maltreatment, poorer family functioning, and more distress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Groups did not differ in sex, marital/relationship status, occupation, and socio-economic status. Finally, when examined in multivariate analyses, the variables associated with screening positive for CHR were: having an unhealthy family functioning (OR = 2.75, 95%CI 1.69-4.46), a higher risk associated with cannabis use (OR = 2.75, 95%CI 1.63-4.64), a lower level of education (OR = 1.55, 95%CI 1.003-2.54), having experienced a major natural disaster (OR = 1.94, 95%CI 1.18-3.16), having experienced a violent or unexpected death of a relative or friend (OR = 1.85, 95%CI 1.22-2.81), higher levels of childhood emotional abuse (OR = 1.88, 95%CI 1.09-3.25), physical neglect (OR = 1.68, 95%CI 1.08-2.61), and physical abuse (OR = 1.66, 95%CI 1.05-2.61), and higher COVID-related distress (OR = 1.10, 95%CI 1.01-1.20). An older age was a protective factor for screening positive for CHR (OR = 0.96, 95%CI 0.92-0.99). Overall, the findings highlight the importance of examining potential psychosocial contributors to psychosis vulnerability across different sociocultural contexts to delineate risk and protective processes relevant to specific populations and better target preventive intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tecelli Domínguez-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Mental Global, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz"-UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tamara Sheinbaum
- Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Fresán
- Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Nieto
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Mental Global, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz"-UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Steven R López
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rebeca Robles
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Mental Global, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz"-UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ma Del Carmen Lara
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | | | - Neus Barrantes-Vidal
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Sant Pere Claver - Fundació Sanitària, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricardo Saracco
- Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Mauricio Rosel
- Clínica de Esquizofrenia, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico
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22
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Micale V, Di Bartolomeo M, Di Martino S, Stark T, Dell'Osso B, Drago F, D'Addario C. Are the epigenetic changes predictive of therapeutic efficacy for psychiatric disorders? A translational approach towards novel drug targets. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 241:108279. [PMID: 36103902 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The etiopathogenesis of mental disorders is not fully understood and accumulating evidence support that clinical symptomatology cannot be assigned to a single gene mutation, but it involves several genetic factors. More specifically, a tight association between genes and environmental risk factors, which could be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms, may play a role in the development of mental disorders. Several data suggest that epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, post-translational histone modification and interference of microRNA (miRNA) or long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) may modify the severity of the disease and the outcome of the therapy. Indeed, the study of these mechanisms may help to identify patients particularly vulnerable to mental disorders and may have potential utility as biomarkers to facilitate diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders. This article summarizes the most relevant preclinical and human data showing how epigenetic modifications can be central to the therapeutic efficacy of antidepressant and/or antipsychotic agents, as possible predictor of drugs response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Micale
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Martina Di Bartolomeo
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Serena Di Martino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Tibor Stark
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Scientific Core Unit Neuroimaging, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernardo Dell'Osso
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'Luigi Sacco', University of Milan, Milan, Italy, Department of Mental Health, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy; "Aldo Ravelli" Research Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan Medical School, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Claudio D'Addario
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Tran The J, Magistretti PJ, Ansermet F. The critical periods of cerebral plasticity: A key aspect in a dialog between psychoanalysis and neuroscience centered on the psychopathology of schizophrenia. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1057539. [PMID: 36590919 PMCID: PMC9795046 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1057539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Through research into the molecular and cellular mechanisms that occur during critical periods, recent experimental neurobiological data have brought to light the importance of early childhood. These have demonstrated that childhood and early environmental stimuli play a part not only in our subjective construction, but also in brain development; thus, confirming Freud's intuition regarding the central role of childhood and early experiences of the environment in our psychological development and our subjective outcomes. "Critical periods" of cerebral development represent temporal windows that mark favorable, but also circumscribed, moments in developmental cerebral plasticity. They also vary between different cortical areas. There are, therefore, strictly defined temporal periods for learning language, music, etc., after which this learning becomes more difficult, or even impossible, to acquire. Now, research into these critical periods can be seen as having a significant part to play in the interdisciplinary dialog between psychoanalysis and neurosciences with regard to the role of early experiences in the etiology of some psychopathological conditions. Research into the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling the onset and end of these critical periods, notably controlled by the maturation of parvalbumin-expressing basket cells, have brought to light the presence of anomalies in the maturation of these neurons in patients with schizophrenia. Starting from these findings we propose revisiting the psychoanalytic theories on the etiology of psychosis from an interdisciplinary perspective. Our study works from the observation, common to both psychoanalysis and neurosciences, that experience leaves a trace; be it a "psychic" or a "synaptic" trace. Thus, we develop a hypothesis for an "absence of trace" in psychosis; reexamining psychosis through the prism of the biological theory of critical periods in plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Tran The
- INSERM U1077 Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, Caen, France,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France,UFR de Psychologie, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, Caen, France,Cyceron, Caen, France,Agalma Foundation Geneva, Chemin des Mines, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Jessica Tran The,
| | - Pierre J. Magistretti
- Agalma Foundation Geneva, Chemin des Mines, Switzerland,Brain Mind Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Francois Ansermet
- Agalma Foundation Geneva, Chemin des Mines, Switzerland,Département de Psychiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
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24
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Lachowicz AM, Vaessen T, van Aubel E, Butjosa A, Reininghaus U, Myin-Germeys I, Bartels-Velthuis AA, Bruggeman R, Cahn W, de Haan L, Schirmbeck F, Simons CJ, van Os J. Effect of stressful life events on subclinical psychotic symptoms in first-degree relatives and healthy controls. Schizophr Res 2022; 250:92-99. [PMID: 36372001 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to Stressful Life Events (SLEs) has been linked to psychosis. However, the combined effect of SLEs and familial risk on subclinical psychotic symptoms over time remains unknown. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of SLEs on the level of subclinical psychotic symptoms in individuals with and without familial vulnerability for psychosis. Data were collected from siblings of individuals diagnosed with psychotic disorder and healthy controls at baseline (N = 293) and three years later at follow-up (N = 928). We assessed self-reported and observer-rated subclinical positive, negative, and depressive psychotic symptoms. Participants reported the number of SLEs in the preceding 6 months. A multilevel multivariate regression analysis revealed a positive association between the retrospectively assessed number of SLEs and symptom levels, regardless of vulnerability status (p < .001 for all outcomes). The prospective analysis demonstrated that exposure to SLEs at baseline predicted higher levels of subclinical psychotic symptoms at follow-up. However, after controlling for the level of symptoms at baseline, these associations were no longer significant. Again, the vulnerability status did not modify these results. Nevertheless, siblings in our sample were approximating the end of the critical period for the development of psychotic disorder (mean age at baseline M = 29 and follow-up M = 34). The findings partly support the vulnerability-stress model of psychosis, yet do not confirm the role of familial risk in this association. SLEs may represent a risk factor for psychosis at a population level, thus supporting the continuity of the psychosis spectrum in terms of associated risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M Lachowicz
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Thomas Vaessen
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evelyne van Aubel
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anna Butjosa
- Unitat de docència, recerca i innovació, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; Hospital Infanto-Juvenil Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health and Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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25
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Ader L, Schick A, Simons C, Delespaul P, Myin-Germeys I, Vaessen T, Reininghaus U. Positive Affective Recovery in Daily Life as a Momentary Mechanism Across Subclinical and Clinical Stages of Mental Disorder: Experience Sampling Study. JMIR Ment Health 2022; 9:e37394. [PMID: 36416883 PMCID: PMC9730210 DOI: 10.2196/37394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying momentary risk and protective mechanisms may enhance our understanding and treatment of mental disorders. Affective stress reactivity is one mechanism that has been reported to be altered in individuals with early and later stages of mental disorder. Additionally, initial evidence suggests individuals with early and enduring psychosis may have an extended recovery period of negative affect in response to daily stressors (ie, a longer duration until affect reaches baseline levels after stress), but evidence on positive affective recovery as a putative protective mechanism remains limited. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate trajectories of positive affect in response to stress across the continuum of mental disorder in a transdiagnostic sample. METHODS Using the Experience Sampling Method, minor activity-, event-, and overall stress and positive affect were assessed 10 times a day, with time points approximately 90 minutes apart on six consecutive days in a pooled data set including 367 individuals with a mental disorder, 217 individuals at risk for a severe mental disorder, and 227 controls. Multilevel analysis and linear contrasts were used to investigate trajectories of positive affect within and between groups. RESULTS Baseline positive affect differed across groups, and we observed stress reactivity in positive affect within each group. We found evidence for positive affective recovery after reporting activity- or overall stress within each group. While controls recovered to baseline positive affect about 90 minutes after stress, patients and at-risk individuals required about 180 minutes to recover. However, between-group differences in the affective recovery period fell short of significance (all P>.05). CONCLUSIONS The results provide first evidence that positive affective recovery may be relevant within transdiagnostic subclinical and clinical stages of mental disorder, suggesting that it may be a potential target for mobile health interventions fostering resilience in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Ader
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anita Schick
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Claudia Simons
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,GGzE Institute for Mental Health Care, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Philippe Delespaul
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Adult Psychiatry, Mondriaan Mental Health Trust, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Vaessen
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences, Psychology, Health & Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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26
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Trovão LDO, Alves GS, Carrilho CG, Ricci TG, Bittencourt L, Alves C, Brito NC, Nardi AE, Malaspina D, Veras AB. Early trauma and schizophrenia onset: preliminary results of an outpatient cohort in Brazil. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2022; 44:e20200024. [PMID: 33872478 PMCID: PMC10039718 DOI: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of early trauma in individuals with onset of schizophrenia (SZ) at early (≤ 18 years) and adult (> 18 years) ages (EOP and AOP, respectively) and explore relationships between the onset of disease and clinical variables including traumatic events and psychotic and mood symptoms. METHODS Subjects with SZ (n = 71) and EOP and AOP were compared for history of psychological trauma, sexual abuse, and physical punishment using the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report - Short Form (ETISR-SF). They were also compared for history of comorbidities and affective disorders using the Diagnostic Interview for Psychosis and Affective Disorders, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, and the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia. Coefficients were calculated for correlations between scale results and disease duration. RESULTS Early trauma was significantly associated with an early onset psychotic episode (r = -0.315, p < 0.01). General trauma and depressive symptoms in adulthood were also associated (r = 0.442, p < 0.01), as were social anxiety symptoms and early trauma (r = 0.319, p < 0.01). Total ETISR-SF scores and the physical abuse item were significantly higher in EOP than in AOP. In the hierarchical regression, PANSS scores were best predicted by a model including the duration of disease and age of first psychotic episode (R = 0.303). CONCLUSIONS Our results support the hypothesis that early trauma, including physical abuse, may play a relevant role in schizophrenia symptoms, such as an earlier psychotic occurrence, as well as features of other psychiatric disorders, such as greater severity of social anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro de Oliveira Trovão
- Grupo de pesquisa em Psiquiatria Translacional, Hospital Nina Rodrigues, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Sousa Alves
- Grupo de pesquisa em Psiquiatria Translacional, Hospital Nina Rodrigues, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil. Programa de Pós-graduação em Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental (PROPSAM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carolina Gomes Carrilho
- Grupo de Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde Mental (GPTranSMe), Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Thaysse Gomes Ricci
- Grupo de Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde Mental (GPTranSMe), Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Lays Bittencourt
- Grupo de pesquisa em Psiquiatria Translacional, Hospital Nina Rodrigues, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Cândida Alves
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Natália Costa Brito
- Grupo de pesquisa em Psiquiatria Translacional, Hospital Nina Rodrigues, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Antonio Egídio Nardi
- Laboratório de Pânico e Respiração (LabPR-UFRJ), Instituto de Psiquiatria (IPUB), UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Dolores Malaspina
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine, Mt. Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - André Barciela Veras
- Grupo de Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde Mental (GPTranSMe), Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. Laboratório de Pânico e Respiração (LabPR-UFRJ), Instituto de Psiquiatria (IPUB), UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine, Mt. Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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27
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Cao H, Hong X, Tost H, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Schwarz E. Advancing translational research in neuroscience through multi-task learning. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:993289. [PMID: 36465289 PMCID: PMC9714033 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.993289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Translational research in neuroscience is increasingly focusing on the analysis of multi-modal data, in order to account for the biological complexity of suspected disease mechanisms. Recent advances in machine learning have the potential to substantially advance such translational research through the simultaneous analysis of different data modalities. This review focuses on one of such approaches, the so-called "multi-task learning" (MTL), and describes its potential utility for multi-modal data analyses in neuroscience. We summarize the methodological development of MTL starting from conventional machine learning, and present several scenarios that appear particularly suitable for its application. For these scenarios, we highlight different types of MTL algorithms, discuss emerging technological adaptations, and provide a step-by-step guide for readers to apply the MTL approach in their own studies. With its ability to simultaneously analyze multiple data modalities, MTL may become an important element of the analytics repertoire used in future neuroscience research and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Cao
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Xudong Hong
- Department of Computer Vision and Machine Learning, Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Language Science and Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Heike Tost
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Emanuel Schwarz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn M Lewis
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Lewis, Vassos); Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London (Lewis)
| | - Evangelos Vassos
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Lewis, Vassos); Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London (Lewis)
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29
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Klippel A, Schick A, Myin-Germeys I, Rauschenberg C, Vaessen T, Reininghaus U. Modelling the temporal interplay between stress and affective disturbances in pathways to psychosis: an experience sampling study. Psychol Med 2022; 52:2776-2785. [PMID: 33678198 PMCID: PMC9647515 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720004894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One putative psychological mechanism through which momentary stress impacts on psychosis in individuals with increased liability to the disorder is via affective disturbance. However, to date, this has not been systematically tested. We aimed to investigate whether (i) cross-sectional and temporal effects of momentary stress on psychotic experiences via affective disturbance, and (ii) the reverse pathway of psychotic experiences on stress via affective disturbance were modified by familial liability to psychosis. METHODS The Experience Sampling Method was used in a pooled data set of six studies with three groups of 245 individuals with psychotic disorder, 165 unaffected first-degree relatives, and 244 healthy control individuals to index familial liability. Multilevel moderated mediation models were fitted to investigate indirect effects across groups cross-sectionally and multilevel cross-lagged panel models to investigate temporal effects in the proposed pathways across two measurement occasions. RESULTS Evidence on indirect effects from cross-sectional models indicated that, in all three groups, effects of stress on psychotic experiences were mediated by negative affect and, vice versa, effects of psychotic experiences on stress were mediated by negative affect, with all indirect effects being weakest in relatives. Longitudinal modelling of data provided no evidence of temporal priority of stress in exerting its indirect effects on psychotic experiences via affective disturbance or, vice versa. CONCLUSIONS Our findings tentatively suggest a rapid vicious cycle of stress impacting psychotic experiences via affective disturbances, which does, however, not seem to be consistently modified by familial liability to psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelie Klippel
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry (CCP), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Lifespan Psychology & Department of Methods and Statistics, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Schick
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry (CCP), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christian Rauschenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Vaessen
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry (CCP), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
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Bhat A, Irizar H, Couch ACM, Raval P, Duarte RRR, Dutan Polit L, Hanger B, Powell T, Deans PJM, Shum C, Nagy R, McAlonan G, Iyegbe CO, Price J, Bramon E, Bhattacharyya S, Vernon AC, Srivastava DP. Attenuated transcriptional response to pro-inflammatory cytokines in schizophrenia hiPSC-derived neural progenitor cells. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 105:82-97. [PMID: 35716830 PMCID: PMC9810540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal immune activation (MIA) during prenatal development is an environmental risk factor for psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia (SZ). Converging lines of evidence from human and animal model studies suggest that elevated cytokine levels in the maternal and fetal compartments are an important indication of the mechanisms driving this association. However, there is variability in susceptibility to the psychiatric risk conferred by MIA, likely influenced by genetic factors. How MIA interacts with a genetic profile susceptible to SZ is challenging to test in animal models. To address this gap, we examined whether differential gene expression responses occur in forebrain-lineage neural progenitor cells (NPCs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) generated from three individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and three healthy controls. Following acute (24 h) treatment with either interferon-gamma (IFNγ; 25 ng/μl) or interleukin (IL)-1β (10 ng/μl), we identified, by RNA sequencing, 3380 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the IFNγ-treated control lines (compared to untreated controls), and 1980 DEGs in IFNγ-treated SZ lines (compared to untreated SZ lines). Out of 4137 genes that responded significantly to IFNγ across all lines, 1223 were common to both SZ and control lines. The 2914 genes that appeared to respond differentially to IFNγ treatment in SZ lines were subjected to a further test of significance (multiple testing correction applied to the interaction effect between IFNγ treatment and SZ diagnosis), yielding 359 genes that passed the significance threshold. There were no differentially expressed genes in the IL-1β-treatment conditions after Benjamini-Hochberg correction. Gene set enrichment analysis however showed that IL-1β impacts immune function and neuronal differentiation. Overall, our data suggest that a) SZ NPCs show an attenuated transcriptional response to IFNγ treatment compared to controls; b) Due to low IL-1β receptor expression in NPCs, NPC cultures appear to be less responsive to IL-1β than IFNγ; and c) the genes differentially regulated in SZ lines - in the face of a cytokine challenge - are primarily associated with mitochondrial, "loss-of-function", pre- and post-synaptic gene sets. Our findings particularly highlight the role of early synaptic development in the association between maternal immune activation and schizophrenia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Bhat
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, UK; Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Haritz Irizar
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK; Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, NY, USA
| | - Amalie C M Couch
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, UK
| | - Pooja Raval
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, UK
| | - Rodrigo R R Duarte
- Department of Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, NY, USA
| | - Lucia Dutan Polit
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, UK
| | - Bjorn Hanger
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, UK
| | - Timothy Powell
- Department of Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, NY, USA
| | - P J Michael Deans
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, UK
| | - Carole Shum
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, UK
| | - Roland Nagy
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, UK
| | - Grainne McAlonan
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, UK; Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Conrad O Iyegbe
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Price
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, UK
| | - Elvira Bramon
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anthony C Vernon
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, UK.
| | - Deepak P Srivastava
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, UK.
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Woolway GE, Smart SE, Lynham AJ, Lloyd JL, Owen MJ, Jones IR, Walters JTR, Legge SE. Schizophrenia Polygenic Risk and Experiences of Childhood Adversity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Schizophr Bull 2022; 48:967-980. [PMID: 35674151 PMCID: PMC9434424 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Schizophrenia has been robustly associated with multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. Childhood adversity is one of the most widely replicated environmental risk factors for schizophrenia, but it is unclear if schizophrenia genetic risk alleles contribute to this association. STUDY DESIGN In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we assessed the evidence for gene-environment correlation (genes influence likelihood of environmental exposure) between schizophrenia polygenic risk score (PRS) and reported childhood adversity. We also assessed the evidence for a gene-environment interaction (genes influence sensitivity to environmental exposure) in relation to the outcome of schizophrenia and/or psychosis. This study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020182812). Following PRISMA guidelines, a search for relevant literature was conducted using Cochrane, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus databases until February 2022. All studies that examined the association between schizophrenia PRS and childhood adversity were included. STUDY RESULTS Seventeen of 650 identified studies met the inclusion criteria and were assessed against the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for quality. The meta-analysis found evidence for gene-environment correlation between schizophrenia PRS and childhood adversity (r = .02; 95% CI = 0.01, 0.03; P = .001), but the effect was small and therefore likely to explain only a small proportion of the association between childhood adversity and psychosis. The 4 studies that investigated a gene-environment interaction between schizophrenia PRS and childhood adversity in increasing risk of psychosis reported inconsistent results. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that a gene-environment correlation could explain a small proportion of the relationship between reported childhood adversity and psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Woolway
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sophie E Smart
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Amy J Lynham
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jennifer L Lloyd
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael J Owen
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ian R Jones
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - James T R Walters
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sophie E Legge
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Oliver D, Arribas M, Radua J, Salazar de Pablo G, De Micheli A, Spada G, Mensi MM, Kotlicka-Antczak M, Borgatti R, Solmi M, Shin JI, Woods SW, Addington J, McGuire P, Fusar-Poli P. Prognostic accuracy and clinical utility of psychometric instruments for individuals at clinical high-risk of psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3670-3678. [PMID: 35665763 PMCID: PMC9708585 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01611-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Accurate prognostication of individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P) is an essential initial step for effective primary indicated prevention. We aimed to summarise the prognostic accuracy and clinical utility of CHR-P assessments for primary indicated psychosis prevention. Web of Knowledge databases were searched until 1st January 2022 for longitudinal studies following-up individuals undergoing a psychometric or diagnostic CHR-P assessment, reporting transition to psychotic disorders in both those who meet CHR-P criteria (CHR-P + ) or not (CHR-P-). Prognostic accuracy meta-analysis was conducted following relevant guidelines. Primary outcome was prognostic accuracy, indexed by area-under-the-curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity, estimated by the number of true positives, false positives, false negatives and true negatives at the longest available follow-up time. Clinical utility analyses included: likelihood ratios, Fagan's nomogram, and population-level preventive capacity (Population Attributable Fraction, PAF). A total of 22 studies (n = 4 966, 47.5% female, age range 12-40) were included. There were not enough meta-analysable studies on CHR-P diagnostic criteria (DSM-5 Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome) or non-clinical samples. Prognostic accuracy of CHR-P psychometric instruments in clinical samples (individuals referred to CHR-P services or diagnosed with 22q.11.2 deletion syndrome) was excellent: AUC = 0.85 (95% CI: 0.81-0.88) at a mean follow-up time of 34 months. This result was driven by outstanding sensitivity (0.93, 95% CI: 0.87-0.96) and poor specificity (0.58, 95% CI: 0.50-0.66). Being CHR-P + was associated with a small likelihood ratio LR + (2.17, 95% CI: 1.81-2.60) for developing psychosis. Being CHR-P- was associated with a large LR- (0.11, 95%CI: 0.06-0.21) for developing psychosis. Fagan's nomogram indicated a low positive (0.0017%) and negative (0.0001%) post-test risk in non-clinical general population samples. The PAF of the CHR-P state is 10.9% (95% CI: 4.1-25.5%). These findings consolidate the use of psychometric instruments for CHR-P in clinical samples for primary indicated prevention of psychosis. Future research should improve the ability to rule in psychosis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Oliver
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Maite Arribas
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD) Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gonzalo Salazar de Pablo
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, South London & Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrea De Micheli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Giulia Spada
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Martina Maria Mensi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Childhood and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Pavia, Italy
| | - Magdalena Kotlicka-Antczak
- Early Psychosis Diagnosis and Treatment Lab, Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Renato Borgatti
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Childhood and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Solmi
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Scott W Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jean Addington
- Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Philip McGuire
- OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- National Institute for Health Research, Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, UK
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McKinney BC, McClain LL, Hensler CM, Wei Y, Klei L, Lewis DA, Devlin B, Wang J, Ding Y, Sweet RA. Schizophrenia-associated differential DNA methylation in brain is distributed across the genome and annotated to MAD1L1, a locus at which DNA methylation and transcription phenotypes share genetic variation with schizophrenia risk. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:340. [PMID: 35987687 PMCID: PMC9392724 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation (DNAm), the addition of a methyl group to a cytosine in DNA, plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with schizophrenia (SZ) by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) often influence local DNAm levels. Thus, DNAm alterations, acting through effects on gene expression, represent one potential mechanism by which SZ-associated SNPs confer risk. In this study, we investigated genome-wide DNAm in postmortem superior temporal gyrus from 44 subjects with SZ and 44 non-psychiatric comparison subjects using Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip microarrays, and extracted cell-type-specific methylation signals by applying tensor composition analysis. We identified SZ-associated differential methylation at 242 sites, and 44 regions containing two or more sites (FDR cutoff of q = 0.1) and determined a subset of these were cell-type specific. We found mitotic arrest deficient 1-like 1 (MAD1L1), a gene within an established GWAS risk locus, harbored robust SZ-associated differential methylation. We investigated the potential role of MAD1L1 DNAm in conferring SZ risk by assessing for colocalization among quantitative trait loci for methylation and gene transcripts (mQTLs and tQTLs) in brain tissue and GWAS signal at the locus using multiple-trait-colocalization analysis. We found that mQTLs and tQTLs colocalized with the GWAS signal (posterior probability >0.8). Our findings suggest that alterations in MAD1L1 methylation and transcription may mediate risk for SZ at the MAD1L1-containing locus. Future studies to identify how SZ-associated differential methylation affects MAD1L1 biological function are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon C McKinney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Lora L McClain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christopher M Hensler
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yue Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lambertus Klei
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David A Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bernie Devlin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jiebiao Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert A Sweet
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Morales-Muñoz I, Palmer ER, Marwaha S, Mallikarjun PK, Upthegrove R. Persistent Childhood and Adolescent Anxiety and Risk for Psychosis: A Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:275-282. [PMID: 35151465 PMCID: PMC9302897 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent anxiety in childhood and adolescence could represent a novel treatment target for psychosis, potentially targeting activation of stress pathways and secondary nonresolving inflammatory response. Here, we examined the association between persistent anxiety through childhood and adolescence with individuals with psychotic experiences (PEs) or who met criteria for psychotic disorder (PD) at age 24 years. We also investigated whether C-reactive protein mediated any association. METHODS Data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) were available in 8242 children at age 8 years, 7658 at age 10 years, 6906 at age 13 years, and 3889 at age 24 years. The Development and Well-Being Assessment was administered to capture child and adolescent anxiety. We created a composite score of generalized anxiety at ages 8, 10, and 13. PEs and PD were assessed at age 24, derived from the Psychosis-like Symptoms Interview. The mean of C-reactive protein at ages 9 and 15 years was used as a mediator. RESULTS Individuals with persistent high levels of anxiety were more likely to develop PEs (odds ratio 2.02, 95% CI 1.26-3.23, p = .003) and PD at age 24 (odds ratio 4.23, 95% CI 2.27-7.88, p < .001). The mean of C-reactive protein at ages 9 and 15 mediated the associations of persistent anxiety with PEs (bias-corrected estimate -0.001, p = .013) and PD (bias-corrected estimate 0.001, p = .003). CONCLUSIONS Persistent high levels of anxiety through childhood and adolescence could be a risk factor for psychosis. Persistent anxiety is potentially related to subsequent psychosis via activation of stress hormones and nonresolving inflammation. These results contribute to the potential for preventive interventions in psychosis, with the novel target of early anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Morales-Muñoz
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Edward R. Palmer
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom,Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Marwaha
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom,Specialist Mood Disorders Clinic, Zinnia Centre, Birmingham, United Kingdom,Barberry National Centre for Mental Health, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Pavan K. Mallikarjun
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom,Early Intervention Service, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Upthegrove
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom,Early Intervention Service, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Ferraro L, Quattrone D, La Barbera D, La Cascia C, Morgan C, Kirkbride JB, Cardno AG, Sham P, Tripoli G, Sideli L, Seminerio F, Sartorio C, Szoke A, Tarricone I, Bernardo M, Rodriguez V, Stilo SA, Gayer-Anderson C, de Haan L, Velthorst E, Jongsma H, Bart RBP, Richards A, Arango C, Menezez PR, Lasalvia A, Tosato S, Tortelli A, Del Ben CM, Selten JP, Jones PB, van Os J, Di Forti M, Vassos E, Murray RM. First-Episode Psychosis Patients Who Deteriorated in the Premorbid Period Do Not Have Higher Polygenic Risk Scores Than Others: A Cluster Analysis of EU-GEI Data. Schizophr Bull 2022; 49:218-227. [PMID: 35947471 PMCID: PMC9810012 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cluster studies identified a subgroup of patients with psychosis whose premorbid adjustment deteriorates before the onset, which may reflect variation in genetic influence. However, other studies reported a complex relationship between distinctive patterns of cannabis use and cognitive and premorbid impairment that is worthy of consideration. We examined whether: (1) premorbid social functioning (PSF) and premorbid academic functioning (PAF) in childhood and adolescence and current intellectual quotient (IQ) define different clusters in 802 first-episode of psychosis (FEP) patients; resulting clusters vary in (2) polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for schizophrenia (SCZ_PRS), bipolar disorder (BD_PRS), major depression (MD_PRS), and IQ (IQ_PRS), and (3) patterns of cannabis use, compared to 1,263 population-based controls. Four transdiagnostic clusters emerged (BIC = 2268.5): (1) high-cognitive-functioning (n = 205), with the highest IQ (Mean = 106.1, 95% CI: 104.3, 107.9) and PAF, but low PSF. (2) Low-cognitive-functioning (n = 223), with the lowest IQ (Mean = 73.9, 95% CI: 72.2, 75.7) and PAF, but normal PSF. (3) Intermediate (n = 224) (Mean_IQ = 80.8, 95% CI: 79.1, 82.5) with low-improving PAF and PSF. 4) Deteriorating (n = 150) (Mean_IQ = 80.6, 95% CI: 78.5, 82.7), with normal-deteriorating PAF and PSF. The PRSs explained 7.9% of between-group membership. FEP had higher SCZ_PRS than controls [F(4,1319) = 20.4, P < .001]. Among the clusters, the deteriorating group had lower SCZ_PRS and was likelier to have used high-potency cannabis daily. Patients with FEP clustered according to their premorbid and cognitive abilities. Pronounced premorbid deterioration was not typical of most FEP, including those more strongly predisposed to schizophrenia, but appeared in a cluster with a history of high-potency cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ferraro
- To whom correspondence should be addressed; Via Gaetano La Loggia, 1, Palermo 90129, Italy; tel and fax: 091 6555170, e-mail
| | - Diego Quattrone
- Department of Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,National Institute for Health Research, Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College, London, UK,South London and Maudsley Mental Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Daniele La Barbera
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), Psychiatry Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina La Cascia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), Psychiatry Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Craig Morgan
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - James B Kirkbride
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Psylife Group, London, UK
| | - Alastair G Cardno
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Pak Sham
- Li KaShing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Centre for Genomic Sciences, Hong Kong, China
| | - Giada Tripoli
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), Psychiatry Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Lucia Sideli
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), Psychiatry Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy,LUMSA University, Department of Human Science, Rome
| | - Fabio Seminerio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), Psychiatry Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Crocettarachele Sartorio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), Psychiatry Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrei Szoke
- University of Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires, H. Mondor, DMU IMPACT, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Ilaria Tarricone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Psychiatry Unit, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Miquel Bernardo
- Department of Medicine, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Rodriguez
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Simona A Stilo
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASP Crotone, Crotone, Italy
| | - Charlotte Gayer-Anderson
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Early Psychosis Section, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Velthorst
- Department of Psychiatry and Seaver Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Center for Transcultural Psychiatry Veldzicht, Balkbrug, Overijssel, The Netherlands
| | - Hannah Jongsma
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Psylife Group, London, UK,Center for Transcultural Psychiatry Veldzicht, Balkbrug, Overijssel, The Netherlands,University Centre for Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rutten B P Bart
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Richards
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paulo Rossi Menezez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Lasalvia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sarah Tosato
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Tortelli
- Institut Mondor de recherché biomedicale, Creteil, France,Etablissement Public de Sante Maison Blanche, Paris, France
| | - Cristina Marta Del Ben
- Neuroscience and Behaviour Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean-Paul Selten
- University Centre for Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Rivierduinen Institute for Mental Health Care, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter B Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, CAMEO Early Intervention Service, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands,UMC Utrecht Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marta Di Forti
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), Psychiatry Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy,Department of Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,National Institute for Health Research, Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College, London, UK
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36
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Lee J, Song S, Lee J, Kang J, Choe EK, Lee TY, Chon MW, Kim M, Kim SW, Chun MS, Chang MS, Kwon JS. Impaired migration of autologous induced neural stem cells from patients with schizophrenia and implications for genetic risk for psychosis. Schizophr Res 2022; 246:225-234. [PMID: 35810486 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell technologies have presented explicit evidence of the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia. However, few studies investigated relevance of the schizophrenia genetic liability and the use of genetic reprogramming on pluripotent stem cells to the impaired neurodevelopment shown by stem cells. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the cellular phenotypes of induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) derived without genetic modification from patients with schizophrenia and from genetic high risk (GHR) individuals. Three patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, 3 GHR individuals who had two or more relatives with schizophrenia, and 3 healthy volunteers participated. iNSCs were derived using a small molecule-based lineage switch method, and their gene expression levels and migration capabilities were examined. Demographic characteristics were not different among the groups (age, χ2 = 5.637, P = .060; education, χ2 = 2.111, P = .348). All participants stayed well during the follow-up except one GHR individual who developed psychosis 1.5 years later. Migration capacity was impaired in iNSCs from patients with schizophrenia (SZ-iNSCs) compared to iNSCs from GHR individuals or controls (P < .001). iNSCs from a GHR individual who later developed schizophrenia showed migratory impairment that was similar to SZ-iNSCs. Gene expression levels of Sox2 in SZ-iNSCs were significantly lower than those in controls (P = .028). Defective migration in genetically unmodified SZ-iNSCs is the first direct demonstration of neurodevelopmental abnormalities in schizophrenia. Additionally, alterations in gene expression in SZ-iNSCs suggest mechanisms by which genetic liability leads to aberrant neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhee Lee
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, 03080 Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, 11759 Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehyeon Song
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Neurobiology, Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Research Institute and School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 03080 Seoul, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, 08826 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Lee
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Neurobiology, Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Research Institute and School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 03080 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Kang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Neurobiology, Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Research Institute and School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 03080 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Choe
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, 06236 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, 50612 Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Myong-Wuk Chon
- National Center for Mental Health, 04933 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minah Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 03080 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Who Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 05505 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Suk Chun
- National Agenda Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 02792 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Sook Chang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Neurobiology, Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Research Institute and School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 03080 Seoul, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, 08826 Seoul, Republic of Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University, 03080 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, 03080 Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 03080 Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, 08826 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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37
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Park J, Lee K, Kim K, Yi SJ. The role of histone modifications: from neurodevelopment to neurodiseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:217. [PMID: 35794091 PMCID: PMC9259618 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and microRNA expression, play critical roles in cell differentiation and organ development through spatial and temporal gene regulation. Neurogenesis is a sophisticated and complex process by which neural stem cells differentiate into specialized brain cell types at specific times and regions of the brain. A growing body of evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms, such as histone modifications, allow the fine-tuning and coordination of spatiotemporal gene expressions during neurogenesis. Aberrant histone modifications contribute to the development of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Herein, recent progress in understanding histone modifications in regulating embryonic and adult neurogenesis is comprehensively reviewed. The histone modifications implicated in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases are also covered, and future directions in this area are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Park
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyubin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghwan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun-Ju Yi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
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38
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Di Benedetto MG, Scassellati C, Cattane N, Riva MA, Cattaneo A. Neurotrophic factors, childhood trauma and psychiatric disorders: A systematic review of genetic, biochemical, cognitive and imaging studies to identify potential biomarkers. J Affect Disord 2022; 308:76-88. [PMID: 35378148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to traumatic experience represents one of the key environmental factors influencing the risk for several psychiatric disorders, in particular when suffered during childhood, a critical period for brain development, characterized by a high level of neuroplasticity. Abnormalities affecting neurotrophic factors might play a fundamental role in the link between childhood trauma (CT) and early life stress (ELS) and psychiatric disorders. METHODS A systematic review was conducted, considering genetic, biochemical and expression studies along with cognitive and brain structure imaging investigations, based on PubMed and Web of Science databases (available up until November 2021), to identify potential neuroplasticity related biomarkers associated both with CT/ELS and psychiatric disorders. The search was followed by data abstraction and study quality assessment (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale). RESULTS 103 studies met our eligibility criteria. Among them, 65 were available for genetic, 30 for biochemical and 3 for mRNA data; 45 findings were linked to specific symptomatology/pathologies, 16 with various cognitive functions, 19 with different brain areas, 6 on methylation and 36 performed on control subjects for the Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF); whereas 4 expression/biochemical studies covered Neurotrophin 4 (NT-4), Vascular Endothelium Growth Factor (VEGF), Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF), and Transforming Growth Factor β1 (TGF-β1). LIMITATIONS Heterogeneity of assessments (biological, psychological, of symptomatology, and CT/ELS), age range and ethnicity of samples for BDNF studies; limited studies for other neurotrophins. CONCLUSIONS Results support the key role of BDNF (in form of Met allele) as biomarker, both at genetic and biochemical level, in mediating the effect of CT/ELS in psychiatric disorders, passing through specific cognitive functions and specific brain region architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Di Benedetto
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Catia Scassellati
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nadia Cattane
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Andrea Riva
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cattaneo
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Italy.
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39
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Alameda L, Trotta G, Quigley H, Rodriguez V, Gadelrab R, Dwir D, Dempster E, Wong CCY, Forti MD. Can epigenetics shine a light on the biological pathways underlying major mental disorders? Psychol Med 2022; 52:1645-1665. [PMID: 35193719 PMCID: PMC9280283 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721005559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A significant proportion of the global burden of disease can be attributed to mental illness. Despite important advances in identifying risk factors for mental health conditions, the biological processing underlying causal pathways to disease onset remain poorly understood. This represents a limitation to implement effective prevention and the development of novel pharmacological treatments. Epigenetic mechanisms have emerged as mediators of environmental and genetic risk factors which might play a role in disease onset, including childhood adversity (CA) and cannabis use (CU). Particularly, human research exploring DNA methylation has provided new and promising insights into the role of biological pathways implicated in the aetio-pathogenesis of psychiatric conditions, including: monoaminergic (Serotonin and Dopamine), GABAergic, glutamatergic, neurogenesis, inflammatory and immune response and oxidative stress. While these epigenetic changes have been often studied as disease-specific, similarly to the investigation of environmental risk factors, they are often transdiagnostic. Therefore, we aim to review the existing literature on DNA methylation from human studies of psychiatric diseases (i) to identify epigenetic modifications mapping onto biological pathways either transdiagnostically or specifically related to psychiatric diseases such as Eating Disorders, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Bipolar and Psychotic Disorder, Depression, Autism Spectrum Disorder and Anxiety Disorder, and (ii) to investigate a convergence between some of these epigenetic modifications and the exposure to known risk factors for psychiatric disorders such as CA and CU, as well as to other epigenetic confounders in psychiatry research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alameda
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Centro Investigación Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Giulia Trotta
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Harriet Quigley
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Victoria Rodriguez
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Romayne Gadelrab
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daniella Dwir
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emma Dempster
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Barrack Road, Exeter, UK
| | - Chloe C. Y. Wong
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Marta Di Forti
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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40
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Myllyaho T, Siira V, Wahlberg KE, Hakko H, Tikkanen V, Läksy K, Roisko R, Niemelä M, Räsänen S. Dysfunctional family functioning in high socioeconomic status families as a risk factor for the development of psychiatric disorders in adoptees: the Finnish Adoptive Family Study of Schizophrenia. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:1367-1377. [PMID: 33398497 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-02016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Earlier findings indicate that socioeconomic status (SES) of family associates with family functioning. This study examined the impacts of family functioning and genetic risk for schizophrenia on psychiatric morbidity of adoptees in families of high SES (HSES) and low SES (LSES). METHODS The study population is a subgroup of the Finnish Adoptive Family Study of Schizophrenia. Of the adoptees, 152 had high genetic risk for schizophrenia spectrum disorders (HR) and 151 adoptees had low risk (LR). Of the adoptees, 185 (HR = 94, LR = 91) were raised in high-SES (HSES) families and 118 (HR = 58, LR = 60) in low-SES (LSES) families. The family SES was determined by the occupational status of the main provider of the family. The functioning of adoptive families was assessed based on Global Family Ratings (GFRs) and psychiatric disorders on DSM-III-R criteria. RESULTS In the HSES families, the psychiatric morbidity of the adoptees was emphasized by HR (OR = 4.28, CI 2.14-8.56) and dysfunctional family processes (OR = 6.44, CI 2.75-15.04). In the LSES families, the adoptees´ psychiatric morbidity was almost significantly increased by HR (OR = 2.10, CI 0.99-4.45), but not by dysfunctional family processes (OR = 1.33, CI 0.53-3.34). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that in HSES families, dysfunctional family processes and HR for schizophrenia increased the likelihoods for the development of psychiatric disorders in adoptees. The results can be utilized in identifying risk factors in the development of psychiatric disorders and focusing preventative strategies on risk groups with acknowledging the importance of family functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Myllyaho
- University of Oulu, Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Virva Siira
- Faculty of Education, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 2000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Karl-Erik Wahlberg
- University of Oulu, Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Helinä Hakko
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 26, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ville Tikkanen
- University of Oulu, Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kristian Läksy
- Social Security Institute of Finland (SSI), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Roisko
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 26, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mika Niemelä
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 26, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine, Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sami Räsänen
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 26, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
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41
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Santesteban-Echarri O, Sandel D, Liu L, Bearden CE, Cadenhead KS, Cannon TD, Cornblatt BA, Keshavan M, Mathalon DH, McGlashan TH, Perkins DO, Seidman LJ, Stone WS, Tsuang MT, Walker EF, Woods SW, Addington J. Family history of psychosis in youth at clinical high risk: A replication study. Psychiatry Res 2022; 311:114480. [PMID: 35245743 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Having a first-degree relative with a psychotic disorder increases an individual's risk for developing psychosis to 10% compared to 1% in the general population. The impact of being at family high-risk for psychosis (FHR) has been examined in samples of youth who are at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR). The second North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS-2) identified very few clinical differences between CHR individuals with and without FHR. This paper aims to confirm these results in a new CHR sample, NAPLS-3. The NAPLS-3 sample consisted of 703 CHR participants, of whom 82 were at FHR (CHR+FHR), and 621 were not (CHR+FHRneg). The Family Interview for Genetic Studies was used to determine the presence of a first-degree relative with a psychotic disorder. The groups were compared on social and role functioning, positive and negative symptoms, IQ, cannabis use, and trauma. At baseline, the CHR+FHR group reported a statistically significant increased severity of positive and negative symptoms, lower IQ scores, and increased reports of trauma, psychological and physical abuse. There were no differences in transition rates between the two groups. This study supports some of the already reported differences in trauma, physical and psychological abuse between CHR individuals with and without FHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Santesteban-Echarri
- Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Danah Sandel
- Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Barbara A Cornblatt
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Long Island, NY, United States
| | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School Department of Psychiatry at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSF, and SFVA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Thomas H McGlashan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Diana O Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Larry J Seidman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School Department of Psychiatry at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - William S Stone
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School Department of Psychiatry at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ming T Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSD, San Diego, CA, United States; Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Elaine F Walker
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Scott W Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jean Addington
- Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Premorbid characteristics of patients with DSM-IV psychotic disorders. Compr Psychiatry 2022; 115:152310. [PMID: 35385814 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psychotic disorder not otherwise specified (PNOS) is considered part of the psychosis spectrum, together with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) and psychotic bipolar spectrum disorders (PBD). The atypical clinical presentations of PNOS conditions may lead to uncertainty regarding treatment choices and expected outcomes. PNOS is understudied, and little is known about patients' premorbid characteristics including premorbid adjustment, prevalence of early cannabis use and childhood trauma. Knowledge about early illness phases can increase our understanding of this diagnostic group. METHODS We included 1099 participants from the Norwegian TOP-study; 688 with narrow SSD diagnoses (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, schizophreniform disorder), 274 with PBD (psychotic bipolar 1 and bipolar NOS) and 137 with PNOS diagnosed with the SCID-I for DSM-IV. Participants were assessed with the Premorbid Adjustment Scale (PAS) divided into the areas of premorbid academic and social functioning. We obtained information on age at first exposure to cannabis and use of cannabis before the age of 16. The participants also provided information regarding early traumatic experiences using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). RESULTS Participants with PNOS and SSD had poorer premorbid academic functioning than those with PBD (F2, 1029 = 7.81, p < 0.001, pη2 = 0.015). Premorbid social adjustment was significantly worse in the SSD group compared to the PBD group (F2, 1024 = 3.10, p = 0.045, pη2 = 0.006), with PNOS in the middle position. Significantly more of the participants with PNOS (17.5%) and SSD (11.5%) used cannabis before the age of 16 compared with PBD (5.3%, Wald χ2 = 6.86, p = 0.03). There were no significant differences between the three groups regarding mean CTQ scores or in the proportion of participants who had experienced at least one type of childhood adversity. CONCLUSIONS Participants with PNOS appear as more similar to participants with SSD than to those with PBD regarding early premorbid adjustment and early cannabis use. The results indicate that many conditions classified as PNOS have functional impairments and problematic substance use from an early age. The prevalence of childhood adversities are high in all three groups.
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Haddad HW, Boardman E, Williams B, Mouhaffel R, Kaye AM, Kaye AD. Combination Olanzapine and Samidorphan for the Management of Schizophrenia and Bipolar 1 Disorder in Adults: A Narrative Review. Health Psychol Res 2022; 10:34224. [DOI: 10.52965/001c.34224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Adam M. Kaye
- Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific
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Bob P, Touskova TP, Pec O, Raboch J, Boutros N, Lysaker P. Psychosocial Stress, Epileptic-Like Symptoms and Psychotic Experiences. Front Psychol 2022; 13:804628. [PMID: 35496146 PMCID: PMC9048482 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.804628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current research suggests that stressful life experiences and situations create a substantive effect in the development of the initial manifestations of psychotic disorders and may influence temporo-limbic epileptic-like activity manifesting as cognitive and affective seizure-like symptoms in non-epileptic conditions. Methods The current study assessed trauma history, hair cortisol levels, epileptic-like manifestations and other psychopathological symptoms in 56 drug naive adult young women experiencing their initial occurrence of psychosis. Results Hair cortisol levels among patients experiencing their initial episode of psychosis, were significantly correlated with stress symptoms measured by Trauma Symptom Checklist-40 (r = − 0.48, p < 0.01), and complex partial seizure-like symptoms measured by the Complex Partial Seizure-Like Symptoms Inventory (r = − 0.33, p < 0.05) and LSCL-33 (r = − 0.33, p < 0.05). Hair cortisol levels were not found to be significantly correlated with symptoms of anxiety and depression measured by Beck depression Inventory and Zung Anxiety Scale. Conclusion These findings suggest a significant relationship between epileptic-like symptoms and stress responses demonstrated by patients in their first psychotic episode. These findings may suggest the potential for research to explore usefulness of anticonvulsant treatment in patients who do not respond to usual psychotropic medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Bob
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry and UHSL, First Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Petr Bob,
| | - Tereza Petraskova Touskova
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry and UHSL, First Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Pec
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry and UHSL, First Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiri Raboch
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry and UHSL, First Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Nash Boutros
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Paul Lysaker
- Roudebush VA Medical Center and the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Rogóż Z, Lech MA, Chamera K, Wąsik A. The Effect of Glutathione Deficit During Early Postnatal Brain Development on the Prepulse Inhibition and Monoamine Levels in Brain Structures of Adult Sprague-Dawley Rats. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:733-750. [PMID: 35386024 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that impaired glutathione synthesis and distorted dopaminergic transmission are important factors in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In the present study, on the postnatal days p5-p16, male pups were treated with the inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, L-buthionine-(S,R)- sulfoximine (BSO, 3.8 or 7.6 mmol/kg), and the dopamine uptake inhibitor, GBR 12,909 (5 mg/kg) alone or in combination, and prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response (PPI) was evaluated in adult 90-day-old rats. Moreover, the monoamine levels in the cortex and hippocampus of 16-day-old rats or 91-day-old rats were measured. The present results showed that administration of BSO at 3.8 mmol/kg led to a decreasing tendency in PPI for all tested prepulse intensities. In contrast, a combined treatment with BSO in both studied doses and GBR 12,909 did not induce significant deficits in PPI. Moreover, the results of biochemical studies indicated that treatment with BSO or GBR 12,909 alone induced a weak increase in the activity of dopaminergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic systems in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of 16-day-old rats and 91-day-old rats. However, the combined administration of both substances allowed for maintaining the normal activity of monoaminergic systems in the rat brain. The most significant changes in the functioning of monoaminergic systems were observed in the frontal cortex of 16-day-old rats. Therefore, it seems that the frontal cortex of rat puppies is most sensitive to glutathione deficiencies resulting in increased oxidative stress in neurons. As a result, it can lead to cognitive and memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Rogóż
- Department of Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta A Lech
- Department of Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Chamera
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wąsik
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, Kraków, Poland.
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Guerrin CGJ, Shoji A, Doorduin J, de Vries EFJ. Immune Activation in Pregnant Rats Affects Brain Glucose Consumption, Anxiety-like Behaviour and Recognition Memory in their Male Offspring. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 24:740-749. [PMID: 35380336 PMCID: PMC9581871 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Prenatal infection during pregnancy is a risk factor for schizophrenia, as well as for other developmental psychiatric disorders, such as autism and bipolar disorder. Schizophrenia patients were reported to have altered brain metabolism and neuroinflammation. However, the link between prenatal infection, altered brain inflammation and metabolism, and schizophrenia remains unclear. In this project, we aimed to evaluate whether there are changes in brain glucose consumption and microglia activation in the offspring of pregnant rats exposed to maternal immune activation (MIA), and if so, whether these changes occur before or after the initiation of schizophrenia-like behaviour. Procedures Pregnant rats were treated with the viral mimic polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (MIA group) or saline (control group) on gestational day 15. Static PET scans of the male offspring were acquired on postnatal day (PND) 21, 60, and 90, using [11C]-PK11195 and deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]-FDG) as tracers to measure TSPO expression in activated microglia and brain glucose consumption, respectively. On PND60 and PND90, anxiety-like behaviour, recognition memory, and sensorimotor gating were measured using the open field test (OFT), novel object recognition test (NOR), and prepulse inhibition test (PPI). Results [18F]-FDG PET demonstrated that MIA offspring displayed higher brain glucose consumption in the whole brain after weaning (p = 0.017), and in the frontal cortex during late adolescence (p = 0.001) and adulthood (p = 0.037) than control rats. [11C]-PK11195 PET did not reveal any changes in TSPO expression in MIA offspring. Prenatal infection induced age-related behavioural alterations. Adolescent MIA offspring displayed a more anxious state in the OFT than controls (p = 0.042). Adult MIA offspring showed recognition memory deficits in the NOR (p = 0.003). Our study did not show any PPI deficits. Conclusions Our results suggest that prenatal immune activation changed neurodevelopment, resulting in increased brain glucose consumption, but not in microglia activation. The increased brain glucose consumption in the frontal cortex of MIA offspring remained until adulthood and was associated with increased anxiety-like behaviour during adolescence and recognition memory deficits in adulthood. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11307-022-01723-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyprien G J Guerrin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Shoji
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Janine Doorduin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Erik F J de Vries
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Barch DM, Karcher N, Moran E. Reinventing schizophrenia - Embracing complexity and complication. Schizophr Res 2022; 242:7-11. [PMID: 34893361 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, United States of America; Department of Radiology, Washington University, United States of America.
| | - Nicole Karcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, United States of America
| | - Erin Moran
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University, United States of America
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Bornheimer LA, Martz ME, Suzuki T, Tso IF, Burton CZ, Li Verdugo J, Grove T, Heitzeg MM, Taylor SF. Affective Dysregulation Precedes Emergence of Psychosis-Like Experiences in a Community Sample of Young Adults. Schizophr Bull 2022; 48:664-672. [PMID: 35190837 PMCID: PMC9077429 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Affective dysregulation (AD) among persons with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, involving the tendency to exhibit sensitivity to minor stress and negative affective states, is an important diagnostic feature and relates to poorer functional and clinical outcomes. Studies of persons with elevated risk for psychosis demonstrate similar AD to those with schizophrenia, and literature suggest a potential influence of AD in the transition from psychosis-like symptoms (PLEs) to disorder. Cross-sectional investigations to date have supported the link between AD and psychosis, and longitudinal studies have mostly yielded mixed findings without demonstration of potential causal relationships between AD and psychosis. This study examined the concurrent and predictive relationships between AD and PLE in a community sample of youth (n = 630) with attention to distinct facets of AD as a latent construct, including low resiliency, low reactive control, and negative emotionality, using structural equation to estimate a longitudinal cross-lagged and autoregressive model across 3 study waves from 15 to 24 years of age. As hypothesized, AD in the mid-teen years predicted subsequent PLE 3 years later. In addition, we found that increasing PLE in the end of the teen years related to a subsequent increase in AD in the early 20s. A cross-sectional relationship between AD and PLE in the mid-teen years was also supported. Findings overall describe important relationships between AD and PLE that appear to vary with developmental stage, implicating various factors to inform approaches for identifying youth who may be at risk for subsequent PLE or other mental health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Bornheimer
- To whom correspondence should be addressed; 1080 South University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; tel: (734) 615-2915, fax: 1 (734) 936-1961, e-mail:
| | - Meghan E Martz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Takakuni Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ivy F Tso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cynthia Z Burton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Tyler Grove
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mary M Heitzeg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephan F Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Rogóż Z, Kamińska K, Lech MA, Lorenc-Koci E. N-Acetylcysteine and Aripiprazole Improve Social Behavior and Cognition and Modulate Brain BDNF Levels in a Rat Model of Schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042125. [PMID: 35216241 PMCID: PMC8877560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of negative symptoms and cognitive disorders in patients with schizophrenia is still a serious clinical problem. The aim of our study was to compare the efficacy of chronic administration of the atypical antipsychotic drug aripiprazole (7-{4-[4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl] butoxy}-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone; ARI) and the well-known antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) both in alleviating schizophrenia-like social and cognitive deficits and in reducing the decreases in the levels of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIP) of adult Sprague-Dawley rats, that have been induced by chronic administration of the model compound L-buthionine-(S, R)-sulfoximine (BSO) during the early postnatal development (p5–p16). ARI was administered at doses of 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg while NAC at doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg, alone or in combination. Administration of higher doses of ARI or NAC alone, or co-treatment with lower, ineffective doses of these drugs significantly improved social and cognitive performance as assessed in behavioral tests. Both doses of NAC and 0.3 mg/kg of ARI increased the expression of BDNF mRNA in the PFC, while all doses of these drugs and their combinations enhanced the levels of BDNF protein in this brain structure. In the HIP, only 0,3 mg/kg ARI increased the levels of both BDNF mRNA and its protein. These data show that in the rat BSO-induced neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia, ARI and NAC differently modulated BDNF levels in the PFC and HIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Rogóż
- Department of Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (Z.R.); (K.K.); (M.A.L.)
| | - Kinga Kamińska
- Department of Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (Z.R.); (K.K.); (M.A.L.)
| | - Marta Anna Lech
- Department of Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (Z.R.); (K.K.); (M.A.L.)
| | - Elżbieta Lorenc-Koci
- Department of Neuro-Psychopharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-126-623-272
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50
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Schirmbeck F, van der Ven E, Boyette LL, McGuire P, Valmaggia LR, Kempton MJ, van der Gaag M, Riecher-Rössler A, Barrantes-Vidal N, Nelson B, Krebs MO, Ruhrmann S, Sachs G, Rutten BPF, Nordentoft M, de Haan L, Vermeulen JM. Differential trajectories of tobacco smoking in people at ultra-high risk for psychosis: Associations with clinical outcomes. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:869023. [PMID: 35942478 PMCID: PMC9356251 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.869023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE People at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis have a high prevalence of tobacco smoking, and rates are even higher among the subgroup that later develop a psychotic disorder. However, the longitudinal relationship between the course of tobacco smoking and clinical outcomes in UHR subjects is unknown. METHODS We investigated associations between tobacco smoking and clinical outcomes in a prospective study of UHR individuals (n = 324). Latent class mixed model analyses were used to identify trajectories of smoking severity. Mixed effects models were applied to investigate associations between smoking trajectory class and the course of attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS) and affective symptoms, as assessed using the CAARMS. RESULTS We identified four different classes of smoking trajectory: (i) Persistently High (n = 110), (ii) Decreasing (n = 29), (iii) Persistently Low (n = 165) and (iv) Increasing (n = 20). At two-year follow-up, there had been a greater increase in APS in the Persistently High class than for both the Persistently Low (ES = 9.77, SE = 4.87, p = 0.046) and Decreasing (ES = 18.18, SE = 7.61, p = 0.018) classes. There were no differences between smoking classes in the incidence of psychosis. There was a greater reduction in the severity of emotional disturbance and general symptoms in the Decreasing class than in the High (ES = -10.40, SE = 3.41, p = 0.003; ES = -22.36, SE = 10.07, p = 0.027), Increasing (ES = -11.35, SE = 4.55, p = 0.014; ES = -25.58, SE = 13.17, p = 0.050) and Low (ES = -11.38, SE = 3.29, p = 0.001; ES = -27.55, SE = 9.78, p = 0.005) classes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggests that in UHR subjects persistent tobacco smoking is associated with an unfavorable course of psychotic symptoms, whereas decrease in the number of cigarettes smoked is associated with improvement in affective symptoms. Future research into smoking cessation interventions in the early stages of psychoses is required to shine light on the potential of modifying smoking behavior and its relation to clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederike Schirmbeck
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Els van der Ven
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lindy-Lou Boyette
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia R Valmaggia
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Kempton
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark van der Gaag
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Mental Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Neus Barrantes-Vidal
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Sanitària Sant Pere Claver, Spanish Mental Health Research Network (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Barnaby Nelson
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Marie-Odile Krebs
- University of Paris, GHU-Paris, Sainte-Anne, C'JAAD, Inserm U1266, Institut de Psychiatrie (CNRS 3557), Paris, France
| | - Stephan Ruhrmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gabriele Sachs
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bart P F Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jentien M Vermeulen
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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